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class="breadcrumb-item active"><span aria-current="location">Exhibition: 70th anniversary of the Schuman Declaration, 9 May 1950</span></li></ol>  <div class="container"><div class="row justify-content-center"><div class="col-lg-8 pt-large mb-3 mb-lg-4 col-12"><article><div class="title"><div data-qa="context label" class="context-label mb-1"> Exhibition </div>  <h1 data-qa="title" class="mb-2"> 70th anniversary of the Schuman Declaration, 9 May 1950 </h1> </div></article></div></div> <div class="row justify-content-center"><div class="col-lg-8 col-12"><div rights-statement="http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0" class="image-wrapper container-fluid" data-v-0bf16048 data-v-0bf16048><div class="jumbotron mt-0 jumbotron-fluid text-white hero" data-v-0bf16048 data-v-0bf16048><div class="container" data-v-0bf16048 data-v-0bf16048><figure data-v-0bf16048><img src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=UTF-8,%3Csvg%20width%3D%22550%22%20height%3D%22790%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20%25%7Bw%7D%20%25%7Bh%7D%22%20preserveAspectRatio%3D%22none%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20style%3D%22fill%3A%23fff%3B%22%3E%3C%2Frect%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E" alt="" width="550" height="790" data-qa="image"> <figcaption data-qa="attribution toggle" class="background-attribution" data-v-4eb463a6><button aria-expanded="false" data-qa="toggle" aria-label="Show attribution" type="button" class="btn button-icon-only icon-info bg-transparent border-0 btn-secondary" data-v-4eb463a6 data-v-4eb463a6></button> </figcaption></figure></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="footer-margin container"><div class="row justify-content-center"><div class="col-lg-8 mb-3 col-12"><article><time data-qa="date" datetime="2020-04-30T08:00:00.000+02:00" class="font-small font-weight-bold d-block mb-4"> Published April 30, 2020 </time> <div class="mb-4 d-flex align-items-center"><button data-qa="share button" type="button" class="btn share-button d-inline-flex align-items-center mr-4 btn-secondary"><span class="icon-share d-inline-flex pr-1"></span> Share </button>  </div> <div data-qa="exhibition text"><p>On 9 May 1950, against the backdrop of the Cold War, Robert Schuman issued a declaration which marked the beginning of the process of building the European Community. The aim the French Foreign Minister had set himself was to establish a new supranational organisation with a view to creating a common coal and steel market between France and Germany which was also open to other European countries. It would become the European Coal and Steel Community, or ECSC, and since 1985, Europe Day has been celebrated on 9 May every year.</p> <p align="center"><iframe allowfullscreen allow="fullscreen" frameborder="0" src="https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/share/EP102159_EN_ST?autoplay=off&lang=en" width="640" height="360"></iframe></p></div></article></div></div> <div class="row justify-content-center"><div class="mt-3 col-lg-8 col-12"><section data-v-3581aa38><h2 data-qa="link list title" class="is-size-3 text-uppercase" data-v-3581aa38> Chapters </h2> <div deck="" data-qa="link list" class="list-group" data-v-3581aa38 data-v-3581aa38><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/schuman-a-man-from-a-border-region" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" style="background-image:url(https://images.ctfassets.net/i01duvb6kq77/6JLh6XH368FbPp6UVbNwsc/afe85dfe9fa39357477aadc86d002fea/P2_2.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80);" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>Schuman, a man from a border region</span></a><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/franco-german-problems" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" style="background-image:url(https://images.ctfassets.net/i01duvb6kq77/5gDod0ZfgPUZhFU5IVt9Nj/95bdf5c16a55f7085bd518be6ec6ba88/P3_1.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80);" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>Franco-German problems</span></a><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/the-monnet-schuman-partnership" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" style="background-image:url(https://images.ctfassets.net/i01duvb6kq77/2LgKtZprqO3X3nzs2OUFpQ/3fd54016368c9f398737edab7e6161ef/P4_1.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80);" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>The Monnet-Schuman partnership</span></a><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/pooling-coal-and-steel-resources" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" style="background-image:url(https://images.ctfassets.net/i01duvb6kq77/63cL5fecxUc4TIpFrTCYUo/251875e54bd339c72ed2851dfe8070ee/P5_1.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80);" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>Pooling coal and steel resources</span></a><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/institutional-innovation" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" style="background-image:url(https://images.ctfassets.net/i01duvb6kq77/1uNu4G37IC97iBFegS8uuB/fa15e13193a5f5c78ea50144cd27c4e3/P6_1.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80);" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>Institutional innovation</span></a><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/the-schuman-bombshell-of-9-may-1950" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" style="background-image:url(https://images.ctfassets.net/i01duvb6kq77/7QYQsTiYmaPgnZY7Ea58F/9e08ccfa0eebb5b4144984a924764761/P7_1.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80);" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>The ‘Schuman bombshell’ of 9 May 1950</span></a><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/political-backing" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" style="background-image:url(https://images.ctfassets.net/i01duvb6kq77/7FYSu7UKj1MTxdD9epIdXV/a2d5ed020cfc7e00de0f76ae28300df3/P8_1_New_HERO.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80);" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>Political backing</span></a><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/the-press-conference" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" style="background-image:url(https://images.ctfassets.net/i01duvb6kq77/7N0DbeC7hyUImIJfYuVAFy/2ea58c97cafff74ff5a355740d0042f4/P0_1.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80);" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>The press conference</span></a><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/reactions-to-the-schuman-declaration" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" style="background-image:url(https://images.ctfassets.net/i01duvb6kq77/4QMdHvHosKWmwhsJVNOtqf/82fde0ba7d34cf4ab1257e1aa9e8ed6f/Reactions_to_the_Schuman_Declaration__detail_.JPEG?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80);" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>Reactions to the Schuman Declaration</span></a><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/the-schuman-plan-what-was-at-stake" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" style="background-image:url(https://images.ctfassets.net/i01duvb6kq77/4FqVbkEZKaHpIvJe1Ns7X2/3e5001caae187e1c6ff782587da933b9/P11_1.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80);" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>The Schuman plan - what was at stake?</span></a><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/negotiations-on-the-ecsc-treaty" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" style="background-image:url(https://images.ctfassets.net/i01duvb6kq77/66mKx4WngXlzBZJXO04a13/f3430797879b5fb9911bcd50829abeed/P12_1.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80);" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>Negotiations on the ECSC Treaty</span></a><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/multilateral-negotiations" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" style="background-image:url(https://images.ctfassets.net/i01duvb6kq77/m0DHkkFVabPraXYSUWtyh/dc76dbd3c803f387cbd3cbc2c8f78736/P13_1.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80);" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>Multilateral negotiations</span></a><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/signing-of-the-ecsc-treaty" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" style="background-image:url(https://images.ctfassets.net/i01duvb6kq77/8sjv0l9RrZRJ4z3ptNtT8/0080a9dd2110e46d9631c756b139893b/P14_1.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80);" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>Signing of the ECSC Treaty</span></a><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/ratification-of-the-ecsc-treaty" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" style="background-image:url(https://images.ctfassets.net/i01duvb6kq77/k6ODtdVFe1um9hWacWaPz/4b3e3402096ede3f3a021e758f5302b1/P15_1.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80);" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>Ratification of the ECSC Treaty</span></a><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/entry-into-force-of-the-ecsc-treaty" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" style="background-image:url(https://images.ctfassets.net/i01duvb6kq77/4hPihpGzF5xRwv85o9EOYj/f225aaeb1f29c5d9d63bff202f079719/P16_1.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80);" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>Entry into force of the ECSC Treaty</span></a><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/robert-schuman-first-president-of-the-european-parliamentary-assembly" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" style="background-image:url(https://images.ctfassets.net/i01duvb6kq77/3HpMcmA7q2IX6rEiTnfRRU/c36e574d2e6e4efb2b0989722f93119e/P17_1.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80);" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>Robert Schuman, first President of the European Parliamentary Assembly</span></a><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/strasbourgs-place-at-the-heart-of-europe" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" style="background-image:url(https://images.ctfassets.net/i01duvb6kq77/4UNO9qW4jHXER7mGLCQYsI/be76f67bd986aaf3a37b542f3c05c989/P18_1.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80);" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>Strasbourg's place at the heart of Europe</span></a><a href="/en/exhibitions/70th-anniversary-of-the-schuman-declaration/credits" target="_self" class="item w-100 text-left d-flex justify-content-start align-items-start" data-v-003fc1ec data-v-3581aa38><span class="number" data-v-3581aa38></span> <span data-v-3581aa38>Credits</span></a></div></section></div></div> </div></div></main>  <div class="b-toaster-bottom-left-dynamic d-none" style="--bottom:20px;" data-v-3ca9fe1f></div>  </div></div></div><script>window.__NUXT__=(function(a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o,p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w,x,y,z,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W){return {layout:"default",data:[{identifier:c,name:"70th anniversary of the Schuman Declaration, 9 May 1950",headline:a,description:"On 9 May 1950, against the backdrop of the Cold War, Robert Schuman issued a declaration which marked the beginning of the process of building the European Community.",datePublished:"2020-04-30T08:00:00.000+02:00",text:"On 9 May 1950, against the backdrop of the Cold War, Robert Schuman issued a declaration which marked the beginning of the process of building the European Community. The aim the French Foreign Minister had set himself was to establish a new supranational organisation with a view to creating a common coal and steel market between France and Germany which was also open to other European countries. It would become the European Coal and Steel Community, or ECSC, and since 1985, Europe Day has been celebrated on 9 May every year.\n\n\u003Cp align=\"center\"\u003E\u003Ciframe allowfullscreen allow=\"fullscreen\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fmultimedia.europarl.europa.eu\u002Fshare\u002FEP102159_EN_ST?autoplay=off&lang=en\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\"\u003E\u003C\u002Fiframe\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E",genre:a,credits:"Exhibition entitled ‘70th anniversary of the Schuman Declaration. 9 May 1950’, organised jointly by the Archives Unit, the Directorate for the Library and Knowledge Services and the Strasbourg Liaison Office of the European Parliament.\n\n__Exhibition Curator__ \nÉtienne Deschamps, European Parliament \n\n__Editor__ \nLudovic Delépine, European Parliament \n\n__Project Coordinators__ \nMaria Cristina Trevisani, European Parliament \nElisabetta Santella, European Parliament \n\n__Online Production__ \nDouglas McCarthy, Europeana Foundation \nMałgorzata Szynkielewska, Europeana Foundation \n\n__Exhibition made possible by the support of the European Parliament’s departments, in particular:__ \n\nSecretariat \n\nDirectorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services \n\nDirectorate-General for Communication \n\nDirectorate-General for Infrastructure and Logistics \n\nDirectorate-General for Translation \n\nDirectorate-General for Innovation and Technological Support \n\n[European Union sources and European Parliament archival material](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.europarl.europa.eu\u002Fhistoricalarchives\u002Fen\u002Fhome\u002Fhome.html) \n[Multimedia package](https:\u002F\u002Fmultimedia.europarl.europa.eu\u002Fen\u002Fpackage\u002Fexhibition-for-70th-anniversary-of-schuman-declaration_15501) \n\n__Further reading__\n\n*50 Joer Schuman Plang. Robert Schuman, Jean Monnet et les débuts de l’Europe*, Luxembourg, Centre d’étude et de recherches européennes Robert Schuman, 2000, 185 p.\n\nW. Abelshauser, ‘Wirtschaftliche Aspekte der Gründung der Montanunion’, in W. FÖRST (ed.), *Beiderseits der Grenzen*, Cologne, Kohlhammer, 1987, pp. 145–183.\n\nM.-T. BITSCH, ‘Robert Schuman et la déclaration du 9 mai 1950’, in P.-F. SMETS (ed.), *Les Pères de l’Europe : cinquante ans après. Perspectives sur l’engagement européen*, Brussels, Bruylant, 2001, pp. 55-68.\n\nG. BOSSUAT, ‘Il piano Schuman del 9 maggio 1950. Luogo simbolico della ritrovata fiducia degli Europei’, in R. RANIERI, L. TOSI (eds.), *La Comunità europea del carbone et dell’acciaio (1952–2002). Gli esiti del trattato in Europa e in Italia*, Padua, CEDAM, 2004, pp. 3–17.\n\nW. BÜHRER, ‘Die Montanunion ein Fehlschlag? Deutsche Lehren aus der EGKS und die Gründung der EWG’, in G. TRAUSCH (ed.), *Die Europäische Integration vom Schuman-Plan bis zu den Verträgen von Rom\u002FThe European Integration from the Schuman-Plan to the Treaties of Rome*, Baden-Baden, Nomos, 1993, pp. 75–90.\n\nF. DUCHÊNE, *Jean Monnet. The first statesman of interdependence*, New York, Norton, 1994, 478 p.\n\nG. ELDIN et al., *L’Europe de Robert Schuman*, Paris, Presses de l’Université de Paris-Sorbonne, 2001, 100 p.\n\nP. GERBET, ‘La naissance du plan Schuman’, in A. WILKENS (ed.), *Le plan Schuman dans l’histoire: intérêts nationaux et projet européen*, Brussels, Bruylant, 2004, pp. 13-51.\n\nJ. GILLINGHAM, *Coal, Steel, and the Rebirth of Europe (1945–1955). The Germans and French from Ruhr Conflict to Economic Community*, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991, 397 p.\n\nC. LORD, *Absent at the Creation. Britain and the Formation of the European Community (1950–1952)*, Aldershot, Dartmouth, 1996, 175 p.\n\nR. POIDEVIN, *Robert Schuman, homme d’État (1886-1963)*, Paris, Imprimerie nationale, 1986, 520 p.\n\nH. RIEBEN, *Un changement d'espérance: la déclaration du 9 mai 1950. Jean Monnet - Robert Schuman*, Lausanne, Fondation Jean Monnet pour l'Europe, 2000, 277 p.\n\nS. SCHIRMANN (eds.), *Robert Schuman et les Pères de l’Europe. Cultures politiques et années de formation*, Brussels, PIE-Peter Lang, 2008, 361 p.\n\nK. SCHWABE, ‘Der Schuman-Plan. Wendepunkt in der Weltpolitik?’, in H. KRANZ, L. FALKENSTEIN (eds.), *Inquirens subtilia diversa. Dietrich Lohrmann zum 65. Geburtstag*, Aachen, Shaker, 2002, pp. 537–550.\n\nSentences within the chapters *Reactions to the Schuman Declaration* and *Ratification of the ECSC Treaty* are © University of Luxembourg UNI.LU and reproduced here with kind permission.",contentWarning:a,relatedLink:["http:\u002F\u002Fdata.europeana.eu\u002Fagent\u002F174113"],categoriesCollection:{items:[{name:"Europe",identifier:"europe"},{name:"history of the European Union",identifier:"history-of-the-european-union"}]},primaryImageOfPage:{name:l,creator:a,provider:g,license:m,url:a,image:{url:n,description:a,contentType:d}},hasPartCollection:{items:[{name:o,identifier:p,primaryImageOfPage:{name:"Robert Schuman’s birth certificate",creator:a,provider:j,license:f,url:a,image:{url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.ctfassets.net\u002Fi01duvb6kq77\u002F6JLh6XH368FbPp6UVbNwsc\u002Fafe85dfe9fa39357477aadc86d002fea\u002FP2_2.jpg",description:a,contentType:d}},url:{name:e,params:{exhibition:c,chapter:p}},background:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.ctfassets.net\u002Fi01duvb6kq77\u002F6JLh6XH368FbPp6UVbNwsc\u002Fafe85dfe9fa39357477aadc86d002fea\u002FP2_2.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80",text:o},{name:q,identifier:r,primaryImageOfPage:{name:"School poster showing the triangular region in which the main coal- and steel-producing centres in the European Community are situated",creator:a,provider:j,license:f,url:a,image:{url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.ctfassets.net\u002Fi01duvb6kq77\u002F5gDod0ZfgPUZhFU5IVt9Nj\u002F95bdf5c16a55f7085bd518be6ec6ba88\u002FP3_1.jpg",description:a,contentType:d}},url:{name:e,params:{exhibition:c,chapter:r}},background:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.ctfassets.net\u002Fi01duvb6kq77\u002F5gDod0ZfgPUZhFU5IVt9Nj\u002F95bdf5c16a55f7085bd518be6ec6ba88\u002FP3_1.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80",text:q},{name:s,identifier:t,primaryImageOfPage:{name:"Robert Schuman, his private secretary Bernard Clappier and Jean Monnet meeting at the latter’s house in Houjarray in the spring of 1950 to sketch out the Schuman Plan",creator:a,provider:g,license:f,url:a,image:{url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.ctfassets.net\u002Fi01duvb6kq77\u002F2LgKtZprqO3X3nzs2OUFpQ\u002F3fd54016368c9f398737edab7e6161ef\u002FP4_1.jpg",description:a,contentType:d}},url:{name:e,params:{exhibition:c,chapter:t}},background:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.ctfassets.net\u002Fi01duvb6kq77\u002F2LgKtZprqO3X3nzs2OUFpQ\u002F3fd54016368c9f398737edab7e6161ef\u002FP4_1.jpg?w=800&h=800&fm=jpg&fl=progressive&q=80",text:s},{name:u,identifier:v,primaryImageOfPage:{name:"‘Now we are citizens of Europe’, The Washington Post, 25.03.1951. 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