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cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ" aria-label="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਖੋਜੋ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ਖੋਜੋ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਫੋਂਟ ਦਾ ਆਕਾਰ, ਚੌਡ਼ਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੀ ਦਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲੋ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਦਿੱਖ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa" class=""><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ" class=""><span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਬਾਹਰ ਹੋਏ ਸੰਪਾਦਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਸਫ਼ੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" aria-label="ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ"><span>ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ਯੋਗਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਉਪਭਾਗ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ਇਤਿਹਾਸ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ਪੁਰਾਤਨ_ਖਗੋਲ_ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਪੁਰਾਤਨ_ਖਗੋਲ_ਵਿਗਿਆਨ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>ਪੁਰਾਤਨ ਖਗੋਲ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਪੁਰਾਤਨ_ਖਗੋਲ_ਵਿਗਿਆਨ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਇਹ_ਵੀ_ਦੇਖੋ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਇਹ_ਵੀ_ਦੇਖੋ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ਇਹ ਵੀ ਦੇਖੋ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਇਹ_ਵੀ_ਦੇਖੋ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਹਵਾਲੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਹਵਾਲੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਸੋਮੇ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਸੋਮੇ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>ਸੋਮੇ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਸੋਮੇ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਬਾਹਰੀ_ਕੜੀਆਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਬਾਹਰੀ_ਕੜੀਆਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>ਬਾਹਰੀ ਕੜੀਆਂ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਬਾਹਰੀ_ਕੜੀਆਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ। 243 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-243" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">243 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – ਅਚੀਨੀ" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="ਅਚੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – ਜਰਮਨ (ਸਵਿਸ)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ (ਸਵਿਸ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%8D%88%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%AE_%E1%88%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%8C%8B%E1%89%B5_%E1%8C%A5%E1%8A%93%E1%89%B5" title="የተፈጥሮ ሕግጋት ጥናት – ਅਮਹਾਰਿਕ" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የተፈጥሮ ሕግጋት ጥናት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="ਅਮਹਾਰਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਾਗੋਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जीव-विज्ञान – ਅੰਗਿਕਾ" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="जीव-विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਿਕਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ਚੰਗੇ ਲੇਖ"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="فيزياء – ਅਰਬੀ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيزياء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%9D%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%9F" title="ܦܝܣܝܟ – ਅਰਾਮੀ" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܝܣܝܟ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%83" title="فيزيك – ਅਰਬੀ (ਮੋਰਾਕੋ)" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فيزيك" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ (ਮੋਰਾਕੋ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="فيزيا – ਅਰਬੀ (ਮਿਸਰੀ)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيزيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ (ਮਿਸਰੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পদাৰ্থ বিজ্ঞান – ਅਸਾਮੀ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পদাৰ্থ বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altelopa" title="Altelopa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Altelopa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्त्र – ਅਵਧੀ" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भौतिक शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="ਅਵਧੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فیزیک – ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فیزیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਜ਼ੇਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ਬਸ਼ਕੀਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – ਬਾਵੇਰੀਅਨ" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਵੇਰੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiz%C4%97ka" title="Fizėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Fizėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਬਿਕਲ" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਬਿਕਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізіка – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фізіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізыка – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фізыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88lmu_tab%C3%A8at" title="Èlmu tabèat – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Èlmu tabèat" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="भौतिकी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भौतिकी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – ਬੰਜਰ" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਜਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ရူပဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ရူပဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞান – ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BC%8B" title="དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ་ – ਤਿੱਬਤੀ" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="ਤਿੱਬਤੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞান – ਬਿਸ਼ਨੂਪਰੀਆ ਮਣੀਪੁਰੀ" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পদার্থবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="ਬਿਸ਼ਨੂਪਰੀਆ ਮਣੀਪੁਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – ਬਰੇਟਨ" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ਬਰੇਟਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ਬੋਸਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%80" title="ᨄᨗᨔᨗᨀ – ਬਗਨੀਜ਼" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨄᨗᨔᨗᨀ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="ਬਗਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%8D" title="Физикэ – ਰੂਸ ਬੁਰਿਆਤ" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Физикэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸ ਬੁਰਿਆਤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%ACk-l%C4%AB" title="Ŭk-lī – ਚੀਨੀ (ਮਿਨ ਡੌਂਗ)" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ŭk-lī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ (ਮਿਨ ਡੌਂਗ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – ਚੇਚਨ" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ਚੇਚਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – ਸੀਬੂਆਨੋ" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="ਸੀਬੂਆਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فیزیک – ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فیزیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – ਕੋਰਸੀਕਨ" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰਸੀਕਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – ਕਰੀਮੀਨ ਟਾਟਾਰ" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="ਕਰੀਮੀਨ ਟਾਟਾਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika – ਚੈੱਕ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ਚੈੱਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyka" title="Fizyka – ਕਾਸ਼ੂਬੀਅਨ" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Fizyka" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="ਕਾਸ਼ੂਬੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – ਚੁਵਾਸ਼" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ਚੁਵਾਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffiseg" title="Ffiseg – ਵੈਲਸ਼" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffiseg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਲਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysik" title="Fysik – ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fysik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – ਜਰਮਨ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%B6%C3%B6ckat%C9%94%C9%94r" title="Piööckatɔɔr – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piööckatɔɔr" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika – ਲੋਅਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="ਲੋਅਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pijik" title="Pijik – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Pijik" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%A9%DE%92%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A7%DE%87%DE%A9_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ފީޒިޔާއީ އިލްމު – ਦਿਵੇਹੀ" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފީޒިޔާއީ އިލްމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="ਦਿਵੇਹੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94" title="དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ – ਜ਼ੋਂਗਖਾ" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="ਜ਼ੋਂਗਖਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Φυσική – ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φυσική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਨਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AEsica" title="Fîsica – ਈਮਿਲੀਅਨੋ-ਰੋਮਾਗਨੋਲੋ" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Fîsica" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="ਈਮਿਲੀਅਨੋ-ਰੋਮਾਗਨੋਲੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics" title="Physics – ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Physics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziko" title="Fiziko – ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fiziko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ਚੰਗੇ ਲੇਖ"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – ਸਪੇਨੀ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ਸਪੇਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsika" title="Füüsika – ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Füüsika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਟੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – ਬਾਸਕ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – ਐਕਸਟਰੀਮਾਡੂਰਨ" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ਐਕਸਟਰੀਮਾਡੂਰਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فیزیک – ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیزیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ਚੰਗੇ ਲੇਖ"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysiikka" title="Fysiikka – ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fysiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BC%C3%BCsiga" title="Füüsiga – ਵੋਰੋ" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Füüsiga" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="ਵੋਰੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiki" title="Fisiki – ਫ਼ਿਜ਼ੀ" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Fisiki" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਿਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alisfr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Alisfrøði – ਫ਼ੇਰੋਸੇ" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Alisfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ੇਰੋਸੇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physique" title="Physique – ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Physique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fesica" title="Fesica – ਅਰਪਿਟਨ" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Fesica" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਪਿਟਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCsiik" title="Füsiik – ਉੱਤਰੀ ਫਰਿਸੀਅਨ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Füsiik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਫਰਿਸੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiche" title="Fisiche – ਫਰੀਉਲੀਅਨ" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Fisiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ਫਰੀਉਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuerkunde" title="Natuerkunde – ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Natuerkunde" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਫ੍ਰਿਸੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisic" title="Fisic – ਆਇਰਸ਼" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fisic" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ਆਇਰਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學 – ਚੀਨੀ ਗਾਨ" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="物理學" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਗਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – ਗੂਈਆਨੀਸ ਕਰੀਓਲ ਫਰੈਂਚ" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="ਗੂਈਆਨੀਸ ਕਰੀਓਲ ਫਰੈਂਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiosaig" title="Fiosaig – ਸਕਾਟਿਸ਼ ਗੇਲਿਕ" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fiosaig" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="ਸਕਾਟਿਸ਼ ਗੇਲਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mba%27erekokuaa" title="Mba'erekokuaa – ਗੁਆਰਾਨੀ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mba'erekokuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ਗੁਆਰਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – ਗੋਰੋਂਤਾਲੋ" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="ਗੋਰੋਂਤਾਲੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AB%8C%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0" title="ભૌતિકશાસ્ત્ર – ਗੁਜਰਾਤੀ" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભૌતિકશાસ્ત્ર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="ਗੁਜਰਾਤੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/At%C3%BCjia" title="Atüjia – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Atüjia" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishig" title="Fishig – ਮੈਂਕਸ" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Fishig" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਂਕਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vu%CC%8Dt-l%C3%AE-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Vu̍t-lî-ho̍k – ਚੀਨੀ ਹਾਕਾ" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Vu̍t-lî-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਹਾਕਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81laik%C5%ABlohea" title="Kālaikūlohea – ਹਵਾਈ" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kālaikūlohea" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="ਹਵਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="פיזיקה – ਹਿਬਰੂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיזיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ਹਿਬਰੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्त्र – ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भौतिक शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhautik_vigyan" title="Bhautik vigyan – ਫਿਜੀ ਹਿੰਦੀ" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bhautik vigyan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਜੀ ਹਿੰਦੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika – ਅੱਪਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ਅੱਪਰ ਸੋਰਬੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – ਹੈਤੀਆਈ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ਹੈਤੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Ֆիզիկա – ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆիզիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physica" title="Physica – ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Physica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੁਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – ਇਬਾਨ" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ਇਬਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੂਆ" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਟਰਲਿੰਗੂਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8C%CC%80m%E1%BB%A5%CC%80nt%E1%BB%A5d%E1%BB%8B" title="Ọ̀mụ̀ntụdị – ਇਗਬੋ" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ọ̀mụ̀ntụdị" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ਇਗਬੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – ਇਲੋਕਾਨੋ" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ਇਲੋਕਾਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiziko" title="Fiziko – ਇਡੂ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fiziko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ਇਡੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%B0lisfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Eðlisfræði – ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eðlisfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ਆਈਸਲੈਂਡਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%86%E1%92%AB%E1%91%A6%E1%93%B1%E1%93%95%E1%95%86%E1%93%82%E1%96%85/umatsuliriniq" title="ᐆᒫᑦᓱᓕᕆᓂᖅ/umatsuliriniq – ਇੰਕਟੀਟੂਤ" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐆᒫᑦᓱᓕᕆᓂᖅ/umatsuliriniq" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਕਟੀਟੂਤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学 – ਜਪਾਨੀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="物理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ਜਪਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizix" title="Fizix – ਜਾਮਾਈਕਨ ਕਰੀਓਲ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Fizix" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਮਾਈਕਨ ਕਰੀਓਲ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/termu%27eske" title="termu'eske – ਲੋਜਬਾਨ" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="termu'eske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ਲੋਜਬਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਵਾਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ფიზიკა – ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფიზიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ਜਾਰਜੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasengama" title="Tasengama – ਕਬਾਇਲ" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tasengama" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="ਕਬਾਇਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – ਟਾਇਪ" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="ਟਾਇਪ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics" title="Physics – ਕਿਕੂਯੂ" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Physics" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="ਕਿਕੂਯੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ਕਜ਼ਾਖ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uumaatsulerineq" title="Uumaatsulerineq – ਕਲਾਅੱਲੀਸੁਟ" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Uumaatsulerineq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="ਕਲਾਅੱਲੀਸੁਟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="រូបវិទ្យា – ਖਮੇਰ" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រូបវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="ਖਮੇਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭೌತಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – ਕੰਨੜ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭೌತಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ਕੰਨੜ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="물리학 – ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="물리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%9B%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%8F%D8%AA" title="ترٛایُت – ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰੀ" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ترٛایُت" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiz%C3%AEk" title="Fizîk – ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Fizîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysegieth" title="Fysegieth – ਕੋਰਨਿਸ਼" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Fysegieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physica" title="Physica – ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Physica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – ਲੈਡੀਨੋ" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ਲੈਡੀਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – ਲਕਜ਼ਮਬਰਗਿਸ਼" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ਲਕਜ਼ਮਬਰਗਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – ਲੈਜ਼ਗੀ" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="ਲੈਜ਼ਗੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – ਲਿੰਗੂਆ ਫਰਾਂਸਾ ਨੋਵਾ" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="ਲਿੰਗੂਆ ਫਰਾਂਸਾ ਨੋਵਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebyobuzimbe" title="Ebyobuzimbe – ਗਾਂਡਾ" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ebyobuzimbe" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ਗਾਂਡਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde – ਲਿਮਬੁਰਗੀ" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Natuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਮਬੁਰਗੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixica" title="Fixica – ਲਿਗੂਰੀਅਨ" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Fixica" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਗੂਰੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – ਲਾਡੀਨੋ" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਡੀਨੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – ਇਟਾਲੀਅਨ" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ਇਟਾਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADz%C3%ADk%C3%AD" title="Fízíkí – ਲਿੰਗਾਲਾ" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Fízíkí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="ਲਿੰਗਾਲਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9F%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BB%8C" title="ຟີຊິກສ໌ – ਲਾਓ" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຟີຊິກສ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਓ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – ਮਾਡੂਰੀਸ" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="ਮਾਡੂਰੀਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्‍त्र – ਮੈਥਲੀ" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भौतिक शास्‍त्र" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਥਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – ਬਨਯੂਮਾਸਨ" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="ਬਨਯੂਮਾਸਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Физикась – ਮੋਕਸ਼ਾ" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Физикась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="ਮੋਕਸ਼ਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – ਮਾਲਾਗੈਸੀ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ਮਾਲਾਗੈਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Физике – ਪੂਰਬੀ ਮੈਰੀ" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Физике" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="ਪੂਰਬੀ ਮੈਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – ਮਿਨਾਂਗਕਾਬਾਓ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="ਮਿਨਾਂਗਕਾਬਾਓ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം – ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭൗതികശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਿਆਲਮ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Физик – ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Физик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ਮੰਗੋਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिकशास्त्र – ਮਰਾਠੀ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भौतिकशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ਮਰਾਠੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – ਮਲਯ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਯ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C5%BCika" title="Fiżika – ਮਾਲਟੀਜ਼" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Fiżika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="ਮਾਲਟੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – ਮਿਰਾਂਡੀ" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="ਮਿਰਾਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ရူပဗေဒ – ਬਰਮੀ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရူပဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ਬਰਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – ਇਰਜ਼ੀਆ" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ਇਰਜ਼ੀਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فزیک – ਮੇਜ਼ੈਂਡਰਾਨੀ" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فزیک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="ਮੇਜ਼ੈਂਡਰਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADseca" title="Físeca – ਨਿਆਪੋਲੀਟਨ" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Físeca" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="ਨਿਆਪੋਲੀਟਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netuurkunde" title="Netuurkunde – ਲੋ ਸੈਕਸਨ" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Netuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ਲੋ ਸੈਕਸਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्त्र – ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भौतिक शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਪਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="भौतिक शास्त्र – ਨੇਵਾਰੀ" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भौतिक शास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="ਨੇਵਾਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde – ਡੱਚ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Natuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ਡੱਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysikk" title="Fysikk – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਨਿਓਨੌਰਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysikk" title="Fysikk – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fysikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisike" title="Fisike – ਨੋਵੀਅਲ" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Fisike" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="ਨੋਵੀਅਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C5%B7sique" title="Phŷsique – ਨੌਰਮਨ" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Phŷsique" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="ਨੌਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – ਉੱਤਰੀ ਸੋਥੋ" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="ਉੱਤਰੀ ਸੋਥੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica – ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fisica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiiziksii" title="Fiiziksii – ਓਰੋਮੋ" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Fiiziksii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="ਓਰੋਮੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A5_%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9E%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ପଦାର୍ଥ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ – ਉੜੀਆ" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପଦାର୍ଥ ବିଜ୍ଞାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="ਉੜੀਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Физикæ – ਓਸੈਟਿਕ" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Физикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ਓਸੈਟਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsika" title="Físika – ਪੈਂਪਾਂਗਾ" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Físika" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="ਪੈਂਪਾਂਗਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisike" title="Fisike – ਪਿਕਾਰਡ" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Fisike" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="ਪਿਕਾਰਡ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiks" title="Fisiks – ਪਿਟਕਰਨ-ਨੋਰਫਕ" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Fisiks" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="ਪਿਟਕਰਨ-ਨੋਰਫਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyka" title="Fizyka – ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fizyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACsica" title="Fìsica – ਪੀਦਮੋਨਟੀਸ" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Fìsica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="ਪੀਦਮੋਨਟੀਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="فزکس – ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فزکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ (ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="فزیک – ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فزیک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ਪਸ਼ਤੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADsica" title="Física – ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Física" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachaykamay" title="Pachaykamay – ਕਕੇਸ਼ੁਆ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pachaykamay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ਕਕੇਸ਼ੁਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizic%C4%83" title="Fizică – ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fizică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizic%C3%A2" title="Fizicâ – ਅਰੋਮੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Fizicâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="ਅਰੋਮੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – ਰੂਸੀ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізіка – ਰੁਸਿਨ" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Фізіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ਰੁਸਿਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="भौतिकशास्त्रम् – ਸੰਸਕ੍ਰਿਤ" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भौतिकशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="ਸੰਸਕ੍ਰਿਤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – ਸਾਖਾ" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਖਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACsica" title="Fìsica – ਸਾਰਡੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Fìsica" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਰਡੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ACsica" title="Fìsica – ਸਿਸੀਲੀਅਨ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fìsica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ਸਿਸੀਲੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naitural_philosophy" title="Naitural philosophy – ਸਕਾਟਸ" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Naitural philosophy" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ਸਕਾਟਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="طبيعيات – ਸਿੰਧੀ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="طبيعيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ਸਿੰਧੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasngama" title="Tasngama – ਟਚੇਲਹਿਟ" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tasngama" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="ਟਚੇਲਹਿਟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8%E1%82%81%E1%81%A2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="ပၢႆးႁၢင်ႈ – ਸ਼ਾਨ" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပၢႆးႁၢင်ႈ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="ਸ਼ਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%9E%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="භෞතික විද්‍යාව – ਸਿੰਹਾਲਾ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="භෞතික විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ਸਿੰਹਾਲਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics" title="Physics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Physics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyzika" title="Fyzika – ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Fyzika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_(%D9%81%D8%B2%DA%A9%D8%B3)" title="طبیعیات (فزکس) – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="طبیعیات (فزکس)" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiki" title="Fisiki – ਸਾਮੋਨ" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Fisiki" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਮੋਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundoyetsimba" title="Fundoyetsimba – ਸ਼ੋਨਾ" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Fundoyetsimba" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ਸ਼ੋਨਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiisigis" title="Fiisigis – ਸੋਮਾਲੀ" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Fiisigis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="ਸੋਮਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabi_fu_natru" title="Sabi fu natru – ਸ੍ਰਾਨਾਨ ਟੋਂਗੋ" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Sabi fu natru" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="ਸ੍ਰਾਨਾਨ ਟੋਂਗੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiksi" title="Fisiksi – ਦੱਖਣੀ ਸੋਥੋ" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Fisiksi" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="ਦੱਖਣੀ ਸੋਥੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physik" title="Physik – ਸਾਤਰਲੇਨਡੀ" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Physik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="ਸਾਤਰਲੇਨਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – ਸੂੰਡਾਨੀ" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ਸੂੰਡਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fysik" title="Fysik – ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fysik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizikia" title="Fizikia – ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Fizikia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ਸਵਾਹਿਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyka" title="Fizyka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Fizyka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="இயற்பியல் – ਤਮਿਲ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இயற்பியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ਤਮਿਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%8C%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭೌತ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – ਤੁਲੁ" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಭೌತ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਲੁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="భౌతిక శాస్త్రం – ਤੇਲਗੂ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భౌతిక శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ਤੇਲਗੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – ਤਾਜਿਕ" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ਤਾਜਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ฟิสิกส์ – ਥਾਈ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟิสิกส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ਥਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8A%E1%8B%9A%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B5" title="ፊዚክስ – ਤਿਗ੍ਰੀਨਿਆ" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ፊዚክስ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="ਤਿਗ੍ਰੀਨਿਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨ" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisika" title="Pisika – ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pisika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik%C9%99" title="Fizikə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Fizikə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiki" title="Fisiki – ਟੌਂਗਨ" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Fisiki" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="ਟੌਂਗਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – ਤੁਰਕੀ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ntivo-Ntumbuluko" title="Ntivo-Ntumbuluko – ਸੋਂਗਾ" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Ntivo-Ntumbuluko" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="ਸੋਂਗਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – ਟਾਟਾਰ (ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ ਲਿਪੀ)" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ਟਾਟਾਰ (ਸਿਰਿਲਿਕ ਲਿਪੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiks" title="Fisiks – ਤੁੰਬੁਕਾ" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Fisiks" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="ਤੁੰਬੁਕਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – ਤੁਵੀਨੀਅਨ" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਵੀਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – ਉਦਮੁਰਤ" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="ਉਦਮੁਰਤ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%89%D8%B2%D9%89%D9%83%D8%A7" title="فىزىكا – ਉਇਗੁਰ" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="فىزىكا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ਉਇਗੁਰ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ਚੰਗੇ ਲੇਖ"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізика – ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фізика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="طبیعیات – ਉਰਦੂ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="طبیعیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ਉਰਦੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizika" title="Fizika – ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fizika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizega" title="Fizega – ਵੇਨੇਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fizega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="ਵੇਨੇਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik – ਵੇਪਸ" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Fizik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="ਵੇਪਸ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BA%ADt_l%C3%BD_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Vật lý học – ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vật lý học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BCs%C3%BCd" title="Füsüd – ਵੋਲਾਪੂਕ" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Füsüd" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="ਵੋਲਾਪੂਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizike" title="Fizike – ਵਲੂਨ" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Fizike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="ਵਲੂਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika – ਵੈਰੇ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Fisika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਰੇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%ABmm" title="Jëmm – ਵੋਲੋਫ" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Jëmm" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="ਵੋਲੋਫ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学 – ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="物理学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Физика – ਕਾਲਮਿਕ" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Физика" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="ਕਾਲਮਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifiziki" title="Ifiziki – ਖੋਸਾ" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ifiziki" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="ਖੋਸਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ფიზიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფიზიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A7" title="פיזיק – ਯਿਦਿਸ਼" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פיזיק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ਯਿਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADs%C3%ADks%C3%AC" title="Físíksì – ਯੋਰੂਬਾ" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Físíksì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ਯੋਰੂਬਾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuzlij" title="Vuzlij – ਜ਼ੁਆਂਗ" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vuzlij" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="ਜ਼ੁਆਂਗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde – ਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Natuurkunde" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="ਜ਼ੀਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ – ਮਿਆਰੀ ਮੋਰੋਕੇਨ ਟਾਮਾਜ਼ਿਕ" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴳⴰⵎⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="ਮਿਆਰੀ ਮੋਰੋਕੇਨ ਟਾਮਾਜ਼ਿਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="物理学 – ਚੀਨੀ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="物理学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學 – ਚੀਨੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="物理學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%CC%8Dt-l%C3%AD-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k – ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਮਿਨ ਨਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="物理學 – ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="物理學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umchazandalo" title="Umchazandalo – ਜ਼ੁਲੂ" lang="zu" 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class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇੱਕ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼ ਤੋਂ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pa" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:CollageFisica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CollageFisica.jpg/300px-CollageFisica.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CollageFisica.jpg/450px-CollageFisica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CollageFisica.jpg/600px-CollageFisica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>ਭੌਤਿਕੀ ਵਰਤਾਰਿਆਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਵਿਭਿੰਨ ਉਦਾਹਰਨਾਂ</figcaption></figure> <p><b>ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80" title="ਪੁਰਾਤਨ ਯੂਨਾਨੀ">ਪੁਰਾਤਨ ਯੂਨਾਨੀ</a>: <strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-c2889832">Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Lang/data/iana scripts' not found.</span></strong> <strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-c2889832">Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Lang/data/iana scripts' not found.</span></strong> "ਕੁਦਰਤ ਦਾ ਗਿਆਨ", <strong class="error"><span class="scribunto-error mw-scribunto-error-c2889832">Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Lang/data/iana scripts' not found.</span></strong> <i>phúsis</i> "ਕੁਦਰਤ"<sup id="cite_ref-etymonline-physics_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymonline-physics-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-etymonline-physic_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymonline-physic-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LSJ_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LSJ-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) ਉਹ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a> ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A5" title="ਪਦਾਰਥ">ਪਦਾਰਥ</a> ਦਾ ਅਧਿਐਨ<sup id="cite_ref-feynmanleightonsands1963-atomic_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-feynmanleightonsands1963-atomic-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਅਤੇ ਇਸਦੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8)" title="ਗਤੀ (ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ)">ਗਤੀ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80" class="mw-redirect" title="ਐਨਰਜੀ">ਐਨਰਜੀ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="ਫੋਰਸ">ਫੋਰਸ</a> ਵਰਗੇ ਸਬੰਧਤ ਸੰਕਲਪਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਨਾਲ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE" title="ਸਪੇਸਟਾਈਮ">ਸਪੇਸਟਾਈਮ</a> ਰਾਹੀਂ ਇਸਦਾ ਵਰਤਾਓ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਹੈ।<sup id="cite_ref-maxwell1878-physicalscience_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maxwell1878-physicalscience-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਜਿਆਦਾ ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨਿਕ ਵਿਸ਼ਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਇੱਕ ਵਿਸ਼ਾ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹੋਏ, ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦਾ ਮੁੱਖ ਮੰਤਵ ਇਹ ਸਮਝਣਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1" title="ਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡ">ਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡ</a> ਕਿਵੇਂ ਵਰਤਾਓ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ।<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>lower-alpha 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-youngfreedman2014p1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youngfreedman2014p1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-youngfreedman2014p2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youngfreedman2014p2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-holzner2003-physics_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-holzner2003-physics-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਪੁਰਾਤਨ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਅਕੈਡਮਿਕ ਵਿਸ਼ਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਅਕੈਡਮਿਕ ਵਿਸ਼ਿਆਂ</a> ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਇੱਕ ਹੈ, ਸ਼ਾਇਦ ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਅਸਟ੍ਰੌਨੋਮੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਅਸਟ੍ਰੌਨੋਮੀ</a> ਦੀ ਸ਼ਮੂਲੀਅਤ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਇਹ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਪੁਰਾਤਨ ਵਿਸ਼ਾ ਬਣ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ।<sup id="cite_ref-krupp2003_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krupp2003-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਆਖਰੀ ਦੋ ਹਜ਼ਾਰ ਸਾਲਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਵੀ ਜਿਆਦਾ ਸਮੇਂ ਤੋਂ, ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" class="mw-redirect" title="ਕੈਮਿਸਟਰੀ">ਕੈਮਿਸਟਰੀ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਬਾਇਓਲੌਜੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਬਾਇਓਲੌਜੀ</a>, ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4" title="ਗਣਿਤ">ਗਣਿਤ</a> ਦੀਆਂ ਕੁੱਝ ਸ਼ਾਖਾਵਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਾਲ ਨਾਲ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਫਿਲਾਸਫੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਫਿਲਾਸਫੀ</a> ਦਾ ਇੱਕ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ, ਪਰ 17ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਵਿੱਚ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਵਿਗਿਆਨਿਕ ਇੰਨਕਲਾਬ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਵਿਗਿਆਨਿਕ ਇੰਨਕਲਾਬ</a> ਦੌਰਾਨ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨਾਂ</a> ਆਪਣੇ ਖੁਦ ਦੇ ਮੁਤਾਬਿਕ ਨਿਰਾਲੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਰਿਸਰਚ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਰਿਸਰਚ</a> ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮਾਂ ਦੇ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਉਤਪੰਨ ਹੋ ਗਈ ਸੀ।<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>lower-alpha 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਰਿਸਰਚ ਦੇ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%85%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਅੰਤਰਵਿਸ਼ਾਤਮਿਕ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਅੰਤਰਵਿਸ਼ਾਤਮਿਕ</a> ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਜੋੜਦੀ ਹੈ, ਜਿਵੇਂ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਬਾਇਓਫਿਜ਼ਿਕਸ">ਬਾਇਓਫਿਜ਼ਿਕਸ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਕੁਆਂਟਮ ਕੈਮਿਸਟਰੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਕੁਆਂਟਮ ਕੈਮਿਸਟਰੀ</a>, ਅਤੇ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦੀਆਂ ਹੱਦਾਂ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਡਿਮਾਰਕੇਸ਼ਨ ਸਮੱਸਿਆ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਠੋਸ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਪਰਿਭਾਸ਼ਿਤ</a> ਨਹੀਂ ਹਨ। ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਵੇੰ ਵਿਚਾਰ ਅਕਸਰ ਹੋਰ ਵਿਗਿਆਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਮਕੈਨਿਜ਼ਮਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਮਝਾਉਂਦੇ ਰਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ<sup id="cite_ref-youngfreedman2014p1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youngfreedman2014p1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਜਦੋਂ ਗਣਿਤ ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%80" class="mw-redirect" title="ਫਿਲਾਸਫੀ">ਫਿਲਾਸਫੀ</a> ਵਰਗੇ ਖੇਤਰਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਰਿਸਰਚ ਦੇ ਨਵੇਂ ਰਸਤੇ ਖੁੱਲਦੇ ਹਨ। </p><p><b>ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</b> ਜਾਂ ਭੌਤਿਕੀ, ਕੁਦਰਤ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦੀ ਇੱਕ ਵਿਸ਼ਾਲ ਸ਼ਾਖਾ ਹੈ। ਭੌਤਿਕੀ ਨੂੰ ਪਰਿਭਾਸ਼ਤ ਕਰਨਾ ਔਖਾ ਹੈ। ਕੁੱਝ ਵਿਦਵਾਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਮਤ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਇਹ ਊਰਜਾ ਵਿਸ਼ੇ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਵਿੱਚ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਊਰਜਾ">ਊਰਜਾ</a> ਦੇ ਰੂਪਾਂਤਰਣ ਅਤੇ ਉਸ ਦੇ ਪਦਾਰਥ ਸਬੰਧਾਂ ਦੀ ਵਿਵੇਚਨਾ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਦੇ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਪ੍ਰਾਕਿਰਤਕ ਜਗਤ ਅਤੇ ਉਸ ਦੀ ਅੰਦਰਲੀਆਂ ਪਰਿਕਰਿਆਵਾਂ ਦਾ ਅਧਿਐਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਸਥਾਨ, ਕਾਲ, ਰਫ਼ਤਾਰ, ਪਦਾਰਥ, ਬਿਜਲਈ, ਪ੍ਰਕਾਸ਼, ਵੱਟ ਅਤੇ ਆਵਾਜ਼ ਆਦਿ ਅਨੇਕ ਵਿਸ਼ੇ ਇਸ ਦੇ ਘੇਰੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ। ਇਹ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦਾ ਇੱਕ ਪ੍ਰਮੁੱਖ ਵਿਭਾਗ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਦੇ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ ਸਮੁੱਚੇ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਦਰਯੋਗ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦੇ ਹਰ ਇੱਕ ਅੰਗ ਵਿੱਚ ਲਾਗੂ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ। ਇਸ ਦਾ ਖੇਤਰ ਵਿਸ਼ਾਲ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਦੀ ਸੀਮਾ ਨਿਰਧਾਰਤ ਕਰਨਾ ਬਹੁਤ ਔਖਾ ਹੈ। ਸਾਰੇ ਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ ਵਿਸ਼ੇ ਵੱਧ-ਘੱਟ ਮਾਤਰਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਸ ਦੇ ਅੰਤਰਗਤ ਆ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ। ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦੀਆਂ ਹੋਰ ਸ਼ਾਖਾਵਾਂ ਜਾਂ ਤਾਂ ਸਿੱਧੇ ਹੀ ਭੌਤਿਕੀ ਉੱਤੇ ਆਧਾਰਿਤ ਹਨ, ਅਤੇ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਤਥਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਇਸ ਦੇ ਮੂਲ ਸਿਧਾਂਤਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਜੋੜਨ ਦਾ ਜਤਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। </p><p>ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਅਜਿਹੀਆਂ ਨਵੀਆਂ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਟੈਕਨੌਲੌਜੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ</a> ਵਿੱਚ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਕਰਕੇ ਵੀ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਯੋਗਦਾਨ ਪਾਉਂਦੁੀ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਸਿਧਾਂਤਿਕ ਸਫਲਤਾ ਤੋਂ ਪੈਦਾ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਉਦਾਹਰਨ ਦੇ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="ਇਲੈਕਟ੍ਰੋਮੈਗਨੇਟਿਜ਼ਮ">ਇਲੈਕਟ੍ਰੋਮੈਗਨੇਟਿਜ਼ਮ</a> ਜਾਂ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="ਨਿਊਕਲੀਅਰ ਫਿਜ਼ਿਕਸ">ਨਿਊਕਲੀਅਰ ਫਿਜ਼ਿਕਸ</a> ਦੀ ਸਮਝ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਿਕਾਸਾਂ ਨੇ ਸਿੱਧੇ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਨਵੇਂ ਉਤਪਾਦਾਂ ਵੱਲ ਲਿਜਾਂਦਾ ਜਿਹਨਾਂ ਨੇ ਨਾਟਕੀ ਅੰਦਾਜ਼ ਵਿੱਚ ਅਜਕੱਲ ਦੇ ਸਮਾਜ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲ ਦਿੱਤਾ, ਜਿਵੇਂ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਟੈਲੀਵਿਜ਼ਨ">ਟੈਲੀਵਿਜ਼ਨ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ">ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਘਰੇਲੂ ਯੰਤਰ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਘਰੇਲੂ ਯੰਤਰ</a>, ਅਤੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਨਿਊਕਲੀਅਰ ਹਥਿਆਰ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਨਿਊਕਲੀਅਰ ਹਥਿਆਰ</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-youngfreedman2014p1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youngfreedman2014p1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="ਥਰਮੋਡਾਇਨਾਮਿਕਸ">ਥਰਮੋਡਾਇਨਾਮਿਕਸ</a> ਵਿੱਚ ਵਿਕਾਸਾਂ ਨੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਉਦਯੋਗੀਕਰਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਉਦਯੋਗੀਕਰਨ</a> ਦੇ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਵੱਲ ਲਿਜਾਂਦਾ, ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" title="ਮਕੈਨਿਕਸ">ਮਕੈਨਿਕਸ</a> ਵਿੱਚ ਵਿਕਾਸਾਂ ਨੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਕੈਲਕੁਲਸ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਕੈਲਕੁਲਸ</a> ਦੇ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਣਾ ਦਿੱਤੀ। <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਯੂਨਾਇਟਡ ਨੇਸ਼ਨਜ਼ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਯੂਨਾਇਟਡ ਨੇਸ਼ਨਜ਼</a> ਨੇ 2005 ਨੂੰ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦਾ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਸਾਲ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦਾ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਸਾਲ</a> ਨਾਮ ਦਿੱਤਾ। </p><p>ਭੌਤਿਕੀ ਦਾ ਮਹੱਤਵ ਇਸ ਲਈ ਵੀ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" title="ਇੰਜਨੀਅਰਿੰਗ">ਇੰਜਨੀਅਰਿੰਗ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸ਼ਿਲਪਵਿਗਿਆਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸ਼ਿਲਪਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a> ਦੀ ਜਨਮਦਾਤੀ ਹੋਣ ਦੇ ਨਾਤੇ ਇਹ ਇਸ ਯੁੱਗ ਦੇ ਸੰਪੂਰਨ ਸਾਮਾਜਿਕ ਅਤੇ ਆਰਥਿਕ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਦੀ ਮੂਲ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਕ ਹੈ। ਬਹੁਤ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਇਸਨੂੰ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ">ਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ</a> ਦਾ ਅੰਗ ਮੰਨ ਕੇ ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ (ਨੈਚੁਰਲ ਫਿਲਾਸਫ਼ੀ) ਕਹਿੰਦੇ ਸਨ, ਪਰ 1870 ਈਸਵੀ ਦੇ ਲਗਭਗ ਇਸਨੂੰ ਵਰਤਮਾਨ ਨਾਮ ਭੌਤਿਕੀ ਜਾਂ ਫਿਜਿਕਸ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸੰਬੋਧਿਤ ਕਰਨ ਲੱਗੇ। ਹੌਲੀ-ਹੌਲੀ ਇਹ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਉੱਨਤੀ ਕਰਦਾ ਗਿਆ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਸਮੇਂ ਤਾਂ ਇਸ ਦੇ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਦੀ ਤੇਜ਼ ਰਫ਼ਤਾਰ ਵੇਖ ਕੇ, ਅਗਰਗਣਨੀ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਹੈਰਾਨੀ ਹੋ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ। ਹੌਲੀ-ਹੌਲੀ ਇਸ ਤੋਂ ਅਨੇਕ ਮਹੱਤਵਪੂਰਨ ਸ਼ਾਖਾਵਾਂ ਦੀ ਉਤਪੱਤੀ ਹੋਈ, ਜਿਵੇਂ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਰਾਸਾਇਣਕ ਭੌਤਿਕੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਰਾਸਾਇਣਕ ਭੌਤਿਕੀ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਤਾਰਾ ਭੌਤਿਕੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਤਾਰਾ ਭੌਤਿਕੀ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਜੀਵ ਭੌਤਿਕੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਜੀਵ ਭੌਤਿਕੀ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਭੂਭੌਤਿਕੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਭੂਭੌਤਿਕੀ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਨਾਭਿਕ ਭੌਤਿਕੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਨਾਭਿਕ ਭੌਤਿਕੀ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਆਕਾਸ਼ੀ ਭੌਤਿਕੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਆਕਾਸ਼ੀ ਭੌਤਿਕੀ</a> ਆਦਿ। </p><p>ਭੌਤਿਕੀ ਦਾ ਮੁੱਖ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ ਊਰਜਾ ਸੰਭਾਲ ਦਾ ਨਿਯਮ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਪਦਾਰਥ ਦੀ ਊਰਜਾ ਦੀ ਮਾਤਰਾ ਸਥਿਰ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ। ਸਮੁਦਾਇ ਦੀਆਂ ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ ਪ੍ਰਕਰਿਆਵਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਇਸ ਮਾਤਰਾ ਨੂੰ ਘਟਾਉਣਾ ਜਾਂ ਵਧਾਉਣਾ ਸੰਭਵ ਨਹੀਂ। ਊਰਜਾ ਦੇ ਅਨੇਕ ਰੂਪ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਉਸ ਦਾ ਰੂਪਾਂਤਰਣ ਹੋ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ, ਪਰ ਉਸ ਦੀ ਮਾਤਰਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਿਸੇ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਕਰਨਾ ਸੰਭਵ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੋ ਸਕਦਾ। <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ਐਲਬਰਟ ਆਈਨਸਟਾਈਨ">ਆਈਨਸਟਾਈਨ</a> ਦੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="ਸਾਪੇਖਤਾ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ">ਸਾਪੇਖਤਾ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ</a> ਦੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਪਦਾਰਥ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਊਰਜਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਬਦਲਿਆ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਊਰਜਾ ਸੰਭਾਲ ਅਤੇ ਪਦਾਰਥ ਸੰਭਾਲ ਦੋਨਾਂ ਸਿਧਾਂਤਾਂ ਦਾ ਸੰਜੋਗ ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ ਦੇ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਭੌਤਿਕੀ ਅਤੇ ਰਸਾਇਣ ਇੱਕ-ਦੂਜੇ ਨਾਲ ਜੁੜ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ। </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"><span id=".E0.A8.87.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B8"></span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=1" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਇਤਿਹਾਸ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ਪੁਰਾਤਨ_ਖਗੋਲ_ਵਿਗਿਆਨ"><span id=".E0.A8.AA.E0.A9.81.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.A4.E0.A8.A8_.E0.A8.96.E0.A8.97.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.B2_.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.97.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.86.E0.A8.A8"></span>ਪੁਰਾਤਨ ਖਗੋਲ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=2" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਪੁਰਾਤਨ ਖਗੋਲ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0:Senenmut-Grab.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Senenmut-Grab.JPG/220px-Senenmut-Grab.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Senenmut-Grab.JPG/330px-Senenmut-Grab.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Senenmut-Grab.JPG/440px-Senenmut-Grab.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2678" data-file-height="1589" /></a><figcaption>ਪੁਰਾਤਨ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਇਜਿਪਟੀਅਨ ਖਗੋਲ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਇਜਿਪਟੀਅਨ ਖਗੋਲ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a> ਸਮਾਰਕਾਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਸਮਾਰਕ ਹੈ ਜਿਵੇਂ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਇਜਿਪਟ ਦੇ ਅਠਾਹਰਵੇਂ ਰਾਜਵੰਸ਼ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਇਜਿਪਟ ਦੇ ਅਠਾਹਰਵੇਂ ਰਾਜਵੰਸ਼</a> ਤੋਂ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸੇਨਮਤ ਕਬਰ ਦੀ ਖਗੋਲਾਤਮਿਕ ਸੀਲਿੰਗ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸੇਨਮੁਤ ਦੀ ਕਬਰ ਦੀ ਛੱਤ</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ਖਗੋਲ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">ਖਗੋਲ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a> ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਪੁਰਾਣੀ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">ਕੁਦਰਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a> ਹੈ। 3000 BCE ਤੋਂ ਪਰੇ ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤੀ ਸੱਭਿਅਤਾਵਾਂ, ਜਿਵੇਂ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸੁਮਾਰ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸੁਮਾਰੀਅਨ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਪੁਰਾਤਨ ਇਜਿਪਟ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਪੁਰਾਤਨ ਇਜਿਪਟੀਅਨ</a>, ਅਤੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਇੰਦੁਸ ਵੈੱਲੀ ਸੱਭਿਅਤਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਇੰਦੁਸ ਵੈੱਲੀ ਸੱਭਿਅਤਾ</a>, ਸਭ ਇੱਕ ਭਵਿੱਖਬਾਣੀ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲਾ ਗਿਆਨ ਰੱਖਦੀਆਂ ਸਨ ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C" title="ਸੂਰਜ">ਸੂਰਜ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE" title="ਚੰਦਰਮਾ">ਚੰਦਰਮਾ</a>, ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤਾਰਾ">ਤਾਰਿਆਂ</a> ਦੀਆਂ ਗਤੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਇੱਕ ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਸਮਝ ਰੱਖਦੀਆਂ ਸਨ। ਤਾਰੇ ਅਤੇ ਗ੍ਰਹਿ ਅਕਸਰ ਪੂਜਾ ਦੇ ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਸਨ।, ਜੋ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਰੱਬਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਸਤੁਤ ਕਰਦੇ ਮੰਨੇ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ। ਜਦੋਂਕਿ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਵਰਤਾਰਿਆਂ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਵਿਆਖਿਆਵਾਂ ਅਕਸਰ ਗੈਰ-ਵਿਗਿਆਨਿਕ ਅਤੇ ਸਬੂਤਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਸੱਖਣੀਆਂ ਸਨ, ਫੇਰ ਵੀ ਇਹ ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤੀ ਨਿਰੀਖਣ ਬਾਦ ਦੇ ਖਗੋਲ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਬੁਨਿਆਦ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਣਾ ਬਣੇ।<sup id="cite_ref-krupp2003_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krupp2003-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਇਹ_ਵੀ_ਦੇਖੋ"><span id=".E0.A8.87.E0.A8.B9_.E0.A8.B5.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.A6.E0.A9.87.E0.A8.96.E0.A9.8B"></span>ਇਹ ਵੀ ਦੇਖੋ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=3" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਇਹ ਵੀ ਦੇਖੋ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r648841">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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.col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <dl><dt>ਸਰਵ ਸਧਾਰਨ</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦਾ ਸ਼ਬਦਕੋਸ਼ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦਾ ਸ਼ਬਦਕੋਸ਼</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦਾ ਸ਼ਬਦਕੋਸ਼ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦਾ ਸ਼ਬਦਕੋਸ਼</a></li> <li><a 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ਦੇ ਸੰਕਲਪਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਮੁੱਢਲੇ ਅਤੇ ਸੈਕੰਡਰੀ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਪਾਠਕ੍ਰਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦੇ ਸੰਕਲਪਾਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਸੀਮਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਸੀਮਾ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਭੌਤਿਕ ਅਤੇ ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੁਸ਼ਲਤਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਭੌਤਿਕ ਅਤੇ ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੁਸ਼ਲਤਾ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਗਣਿਤ ਅਤੇ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਬੰਧ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਗਣਿਤ ਅਤੇ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਬੰਧ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸਿਧਾਂਤਿਕ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਿਕਾਸਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਮਾਂਰੇਖਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਸਿਧਾਂਤਿਕ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਿਕਾਸਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਮਾਂਰੇਖਾ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਖੋਜਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਮਾਂਰੇਖਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਖੋਜਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਮਾਂਰੇਖਾ</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>ਮੁੱਖ ਸ਼ਾਖਾਵਾਂ</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਮਕੈਨਿਕਸ">ਕਲਾਸੀਕਲ ਮਕੈਨਿਕਸ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B2-%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="ਬਿਜਲ-ਚੁੰਬਕਤਾ">ਇਲੈਕਟ੍ਰੋਮੈਗਨੈਟਿਜ਼ਮ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਅਜੋਕੀ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">ਮਾਡਰਨ ਫਿਜ਼ਿਕਸ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%94%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="ਔਪਟਿਕਸ">ਔਪਟਿਕਸ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="ਥਰਮੋਡਾਇਨਾਮਿਕਸ">ਥਰਮੋਡਾਇਨਾਮਿਕਸ</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break"> <dl><dt>ਸਬੰਧਤ ਖੇਤਰ</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ਖਗੋਲ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">ਖਗੋਲ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97" class="mw-redirect" title="ਇੰਜਨਿਅਰਿੰਗ">ਇੰਜਨਿਅਰਿੰਗ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4" title="ਗਣਿਤ">ਗਣਿਤ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">ਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਸਹਿੋਯੋਗੀ ਅੰਤਰਵਿਸ਼ਾਤਮਿਕ ਖੇਤਰ</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF-%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਧਵਨਿ-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਧਵਨਿ-ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5-%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਜੀਵ-ਭੌਤਿਕੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਜੀਵ-ਭੌਤਿਕੀ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਇਕੌਨੋਫਿਜ਼ਿਕਸ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਇਕੌਨੋਫਿਜ਼ਿਕਸ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%82-%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਭੂ-ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਭੂ-ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਨੈਨੋਤਕਨਾਲੌਜੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਨੈਨੋਤਕਨਾਲੌਜੀ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਨਿਊਰੋਫਿਜ਼ਿਕਸ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਨਿਊਰੋਫਿਜ਼ਿਕਸ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B-%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਮਨੋ-ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਮਨੋ-ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span id=".E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B2.E0.A9.87"></span>ਹਵਾਲੇ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=4" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਹਵਾਲੇ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r636460">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r765793">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=physics&allowed_in_frame=0">"physics"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_Etymology_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Online Etymology Dictionary (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=physics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dphysics%26allowed_in_frame%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etymonline-physic-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-etymonline-physic_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=physic&allowed_in_frame=0">"physic"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Online_Etymology_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Online Etymology Dictionary (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=physic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dphysic%26allowed_in_frame%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LSJ-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LSJ_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:LSJ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਫਰਮਾ:LSJ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਫਰਮਾ:LSJ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:LSJ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਫਰਮਾ:LSJ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਫਰਮਾ:LSJ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:LSJ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਫਰਮਾ:LSJ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਫਰਮਾ:LSJ</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-feynmanleightonsands1963-atomic-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-feynmanleightonsands1963-atomic_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A,_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%94%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਦੂਜੇ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ, ਫੇਨਮੈਨ ਲੈਕਚਰਜ਼ ਔਨ ਫਿਜ਼ਿਕਸ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਦੂਜੇ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ, ਫੇਨਮੈਨ ਲੈਕਚਰਜ਼ ਔਨ ਫਿਜ਼ਿਕਸ</a></i>ਦੇ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਵਿੱਚ, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਰਿਚਰਡ ਫੇਨਮੈਨ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਰਿਚਰਡ ਫੇਨਮੈਨ</a> ਸਿੰਗਲ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਜਿਆਦਾ ਵਧਣ ਫੁੱਲਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਵਿਗਿਆਨਿਕ ਸੰਕਲਪ ਦੇ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਐਟੌਮਿਕ ਥਿਊਰੀ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਐਟੌਮਿਕ ਪਰਿਕਲਪਨਾ</a> ਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਸਤਾਵ ਰੱਖਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ: "ਜੇਕਰ, ਕਿਸੇ ਉਥਕ-ਪੁਥਲ ਵਿੱਚ, ਸਾਰੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨਿਕ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਨੂੰ ਨਸ਼ਟ ਕਰਨਾ ਹੋਵੇ ਤਾਂ ਇੱਕ ਵਾਕ ਬਚਾ ਲਓ [...] ਕਿਹੜੀ ਸਟੇਟਮੈਂਟ ਕੁੱਝ ਕੁ ਸ਼ਬਦਾੰ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਜਿਆਦਾ ਇਨਫਰਮੇਸ਼ਨ ਰੱਖ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ? ਮੇਰਾ ਮੰਨਣਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਇਹ ਇਹ ਹੋਣੀ ਚਾਹੀਦੀ ਹੈ [...] ਕਿ <i>ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਚੀਜ਼ਾਂ ਐਟਮਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਬਣੀਆਂ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ – ਜੋ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਛੋਟੇ ਕਣ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ ਜੋ ਆਲੇ ਦੁਆਲ਼ੇ ਨਿਰੰਤਰ ਗਤੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਫਰ ਕਰਦੇ ਰਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ, ਇੱਕ ਦੂਜੇ ਨੂੰ ਓਦੋਂ ਖਿੱਚਦੇ ਹਨ ਜਦੋਂ ਬਹੁਤ ਘੱਟ ਦੂਰੀ ਤੇ ਵੱਖਰੇ ਹੋਣ, ਪਰ ਇੱਕ ਦੂਜੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਮਾ ਜਾਣ ਤੋਂ ਪਰਾਂ ਧੱਕਦੇ ਹਨ</i> ..." (<a href="#CITEREFFeynmanLeightonSands1963">Feynman, Leighton & Sands 1963</a>, p. I-2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maxwell1878-physicalscience-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-maxwell1878-physicalscience_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"ਭੌਤਿਕੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਗਿਆਨ ਦਾ ਉਹ ਵਿਭਾਗ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਕੁਦਰਤ ਦੀ ਵਿਵਸਥਾ ਨਾਲ ਸਬੰਧਿਤ ਹੈ, ਜਾਂ, ਦੂਜੇ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ, ਘਟਨਾਵਾਂ ਦੇ ਨਿਯਮਿਤ ਲੜੀਕ੍ਰਮ ਨਾਲ ਸਬੰਧਿਤ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ।" (<a href="#CITEREFMaxwell1878">Maxwell 1878</a>, p. 9)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-youngfreedman2014p1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-youngfreedman2014p1_7-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-youngfreedman2014p1_7-1">6.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-youngfreedman2014p1_7-2">6.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">"ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਵਿਗਿਆਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਜਿਆਦਾ ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਹੈ। ਸਾਰੇ ਵਿਸ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਵਿਗਿਆਨਿਕ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦੇ ਵਿਚਾਰ ਵਰਤਦੇ ਹਨ, ਜਿਹਨਾੰ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੈਮਿਸਟ ਵੀ ਸ਼ਾਮਿਲ ਹਨ ਜੋ ਮੌਲੀਕਿਊਲਾਂ ਦੀ ਬਣਤਰ ਦਾ ਅਧਿਐਨ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ, ਪੇਲਔਂਟੌਲੌਜਿਸਟ (ਜੀਵਾਸ਼ਮ ਵਿਗਿਆਨੀ) ਜੋ ਇਹ ਪੁਨਰ-ਬਣਤਰ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਕੋਸ਼ਿਸ ਕਰਦੇ ਰਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ ਕਿ ਡਾਈਨਾਸੋਰ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਤੁਰਦੇ ਸਨ, ਅਤੇ ਕਲਾਈਮੈਟੌਲੌਜਿਸਟ ਜੋ ਇਹ ਅਧਿਐਨ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ ਕਿ ਇਨਸਾਨੀ ਗਤੀਵਿਧੀਆਂ ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ ਅਤੇ ਸਾਗਰਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਪ੍ਰਭਾਵਿਤ ਕਰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਸਾਰੀ ਇੰਜਨਿਅਰਿੰਗ ਅਤੇ ਟੈਕਨੌਲੌਜੀ ਦੀ ਬੁਨਿਆਦ ਹਨ। ਕੋਈ ਇੰਜਨਿਅਰ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦੇ ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਨਿਯਮਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਸਮਝੇ ਬਗੈਰ ਇੱਕ ਅੰਤਰ-ਗ੍ਰਹਿ ਸਪੇਸਕ੍ਰਾਫਟ, ਕੋਈ ਫਲੈਟ ਸਕਰੀਨ ਟੀਵੀ ਡਿਜਾਈਨ ਜਾਂ ਚੰਗੇਰੀ ਚੂਹੇਦਾਨੀ ਤੱਕ ਬਣਾਉਣੀ ਸੰਭਵ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਰ ਸਕਿਆ। (...) ਤੁਸੀਂ ਦੇਖ ਸਕੋਗੇ ਕਿ ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ, ਸਾਡੇ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਅਤੇ ਸਾਡੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਸਮਝਣ ਦੇ ਸਵਾਲ ਪ੍ਰਤਿ ਇਨਸਾਨੀ ਬੁੱਧੀ ਦੀ ਇੱਕ ਮੀਲ-ਪੱਥਰ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤੀ ਹੈ।<a href="#CITEREFYoungFreedman2014">Young & Freedman 2014</a>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-youngfreedman2014p2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-youngfreedman2014p2_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਇੱਕ ਪ੍ਰਯੋਗਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਹੈ। ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਕੁਦਰਤ ਦੇ ਵਰਤਾਰਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਨਿਰੀਖਣ ਕਰਦੇ ਰਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਨਮੂਨੇ ਖੋਜਣ ਦਾ ਯਤਨ ਕਰਦੇ ਰਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ ਜੋ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਵਰਤਾਰਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਬੰਧਿਤ ਕਰਦੇ ਹੋਣ।"<a href="#CITEREFYoungFreedman2014">Young & Freedman 2014</a>, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-holzner2003-physics-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-holzner2003-physics_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." (<a href="#CITEREFHolzner2006">Holzner 2006</a>, p. 7)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-krupp2003-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-krupp2003_10-0">9.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-krupp2003_10-1">9.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrupp2003">Krupp 2003</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cajori1917-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cajori1917_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCajori1917">Cajori 1917</a>, pp. 48–49</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਸੋਮੇ"><span id=".E0.A8.B8.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.AE.E0.A9.87"></span>ਸੋਮੇ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=5" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਸੋਮੇ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFAaboe1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asger_Aaboe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asger Aaboe (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Aaboe, A.</a> (1991). "Mesopotamian Mathematics, Astronomy, and Astrology". <i>The Cambridge Ancient History</i>. Vol. Volume III (2nd ed.). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-0-521-22717-9" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-0-521-22717-9"><bdi>978-0-521-22717-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mesopotamian+Mathematics%2C+Astronomy%2C+and+Astrology&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-521-22717-9&rft.aulast=Aaboe&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|volume=</code> has extra text (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#extra_text_volume" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1997" class="citation web cs1">Allen, D. (10 April 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210323194040/https://www.math.tamu.edu/~dallen/history/calc1/calc1.html">"Calculus"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_A%26M_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Texas A&M University (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Texas A&M University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.tamu.edu/~dallen/history/calc1/calc1.html">the original</a> on 23 ਮਾਰਚ 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Calculus&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University&rft.date=1997-04-10&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.tamu.edu%2F~dallen%2Fhistory%2Fcalc1%2Fcalc1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFBen-Chaim2004" class="citation book cs1">Ben-Chaim, M. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/experimentalphil0000benc"><i>Experimental Philosophy and the Birth of Empirical Science: Boyle, Locke and Newton</i></a>. Aldershot: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashgate_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashgate Publishing (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Ashgate</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-7546-4091-4" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-7546-4091-4"><bdi>0-7546-4091-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCLC_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCLC (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/53887772%2057202497">53887772 57202497</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Experimental+Philosophy+and+the+Birth+of+Empirical+Science%3A+Boyle%2C+Locke+and+Newton&rft.place=Aldershot&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7546-4091-4&rft.aulast=Ben-Chaim&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fexperimentalphil0000benc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check <code class="cs1-code">|oclc=</code> value (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#bad_oclc" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFBurchard2002" class="citation book cs1">Burchard, H. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e6MEnPOhv7cC&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Applied Turbulence Modelling in Marine Waters</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/3-540-43795-9" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/3-540-43795-9"><bdi>3-540-43795-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Applied+Turbulence+Modelling+in+Marine+Waters&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=3-540-43795-9&rft.aulast=Burchard&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De6MEnPOhv7cC%26pg%3DPA2%26lpg%3DPA2%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFCho2012" class="citation journal cs1">Cho, A. (13 July 2012). "Higgs Boson Makes Its Debut After Decades-Long Search". <i>Science</i>. <b>337</b> (6091): 141–143. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.337.6091.141">10.1126/science.337.6091.141</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMID (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22798574">22798574</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Higgs+Boson+Makes+Its+Debut+After+Decades-Long+Search&rft.volume=337&rft.issue=6091&rft.pages=141-143&rft.date=2012-07-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.337.6091.141&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22798574&rft.aulast=Cho&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_journal" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFClagett1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Clagett, M. (1995). <i>Ancient Egyptian Science</i>. Vol. Volume 2. Philadelphia: <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Philosophical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Philosophical Society (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">American Philosophical Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egyptian+Science&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=American+Philosophical+Society&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Clagett&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|volume=</code> has extra text (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#extra_text_volume" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2008" class="citation journal cs1">Cohen, M.L. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prl.aps.org/edannounce/PhysRevLett.101.250001">"Fifty Years of Condensed Matter Physics"</a>. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>101</b> (5): 25001–25006. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PhRvL.101y0001C">2008PhRvL.101y0001C</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.101.250001">10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.250001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Fifty+Years+of+Condensed+Matter+Physics&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=25001-25006&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.101.250001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008PhRvL.101y0001C&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=M.L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprl.aps.org%2Fedannounce%2FPhysRevLett.101.250001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_journal" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFDØ_Collaboration2007" class="citation arxiv cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%98_experiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DØ experiment (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">DØ Collaboration, 584 co-authors</a> (12 June 2007). "Direct observation of the strange 'b' baryon <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Xi _{b}^{-}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Xi _{b}^{-}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ee3ccc044358bfb1e6a97a5edf7817ff7bce1cf7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:3.061ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Xi _{b}^{-}}"></span>". <a href="/w/index.php?title=ArXiv_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ArXiv (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0706.1690v2">0706.1690v2</a></span> [<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/archive/hep-ex">hep-ex</a>].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=arXiv&rft.atitle=Direct+observation+of+the+strange+%27b%27+baryon+MATH+RENDER+ERROR&rft.date=2007-06-12&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F0706.1690v2&rft.aulast=D%C3%98+Collaboration&rft.aufirst=584+co-authors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_arXiv" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite arXiv">cite arXiv</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite has empty unknown parameter: <code class="cs1-code">|version=</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#param_unknown_empty" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFDijksterhuis1986" class="citation book cs1">Dijksterhuis, E.J. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110805141040/http://www.getcited.org/pub/102471397"><i>The mechanization of the world picture: Pythagoras to Newton</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeton,_New_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princeton, New Jersey (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Princeton, New Jersey</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Princeton_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Princeton University Press (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-0-691-08403-9" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-0-691-08403-9"><bdi>978-0-691-08403-9</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.getcited.org/pub/102471397">the original</a> on 2011-08-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+mechanization+of+the+world+picture%3A+Pythagoras+to+Newton&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-691-08403-9&rft.aulast=Dijksterhuis&rft.aufirst=E.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.getcited.org%2Fpub%2F102471397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFDONUT2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=DONUT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DONUT (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">DONUT</a> (29 June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-donut.fnal.gov/web_pages/standardmodelpg/TheStandardModel.html">"The Standard Model"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermilab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fermilab (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Fermilab</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Standard+Model&rft.pub=Fermilab&rft.date=2001-06-29&rft.au=DONUT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-donut.fnal.gov%2Fweb_pages%2Fstandardmodelpg%2FTheStandardModel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFFeynmanLeightonSands1963" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Feynman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Feynman (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Feynman, R.P.</a>; Leighton, R.B.; Sands, M. (1963). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Feynman_Lectures_on_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Feynman Lectures on Physics (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">The Feynman Lectures on Physics</a></i>. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-201-02116-1" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-201-02116-1"><bdi>0-201-02116-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Feynman+Lectures+on+Physics&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=0-201-02116-1&rft.aulast=Feynman&rft.aufirst=R.P.&rft.au=Leighton%2C+R.B.&rft.au=Sands%2C+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFFeynman1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Feynman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Feynman (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Feynman, R.P.</a> (1965). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Character_of_Physical_Law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Character of Physical Law (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">The Character of Physical Law</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-262-56003-8" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-262-56003-8"><bdi>0-262-56003-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Character+of+Physical+Law&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=0-262-56003-8&rft.aulast=Feynman&rft.aufirst=R.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFGodfrey-Smith2003" class="citation book cs1">Godfrey-Smith, P. (2003). <i>Theory and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-226-30063-3" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-226-30063-3"><bdi>0-226-30063-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theory+and+Reality%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Philosophy+of+Science&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-226-30063-3&rft.aulast=Godfrey-Smith&rft.aufirst=P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein1969" class="citation journal cs1">Goldstein, S. (1969). "Fluid Mechanics in the First Half of this Century". <i>Annual Reviews in Fluid Mechanics</i>. <b>1</b>: 1–28. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969AnRFM...1....1G">1969AnRFM...1....1G</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.fl.01.010169.000245">10.1146/annurev.fl.01.010169.000245</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Reviews+in+Fluid+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Fluid+Mechanics+in+the+First+Half+of+this+Century&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=1-28&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.fl.01.010169.000245&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1969AnRFM...1....1G&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_journal" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFGribbinGribbinGribbin1998" class="citation book cs1">Gribbin, J.R.; Gribbin, M.; Gribbin, J. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WzwbAQAAIAAJ"><i>Q is for Quantum: An Encyclopedia of Particle Physics</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Press_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free Press (publisher) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Free Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-0-684-85578-3" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-0-684-85578-3"><bdi>978-0-684-85578-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Q+is+for+Quantum%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Particle+Physics&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-684-85578-3&rft.aulast=Gribbin&rft.aufirst=J.R.&rft.au=Gribbin%2C+M.&rft.au=Gribbin%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWzwbAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFGrupen1999" class="citation journal cs1">Grupen, Klaus (10 Jul 1999). "Instrumentation in Elementary Particle Physics: VIII ICFA School". <i>AIP Conference Proceedings</i>. <b>536</b>: 3–34. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ArXiv_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ArXiv (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/9906063">physics/9906063</a></span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1361756">10.1063/1.1361756</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIP+Conference+Proceedings&rft.atitle=Instrumentation+in+Elementary+Particle+Physics%3A+VIII+ICFA+School&rft.volume=536&rft.pages=3-34&rft.date=1999-07-10&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fphysics%2F9906063&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1361756&rft.aulast=Grupen&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_journal" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFGuicciardini1999" class="citation book cs1">Guicciardini, N. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/readingprincipia0000guic"><i>Reading the Principia: The Debate on Newton's Methods for Natural Philosophy from 1687 to 1736</i></a>. New York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Cambridge University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+the+Principia%3A+The+Debate+on+Newton%27s+Methods+for+Natural+Philosophy+from+1687+to+1736&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Guicciardini&rft.aufirst=N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freadingprincipia0000guic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFHalpern2010" class="citation book cs1">Halpern, P. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JAxLVY96sqsC"><i>Collider: The Search for the World's Smallest Particles</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wiley_%26_Sons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wiley & Sons (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-0-470-64391-4" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-0-470-64391-4"><bdi>978-0-470-64391-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collider%3A+The+Search+for+the+World%27s+Smallest+Particles&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-470-64391-4&rft.aulast=Halpern&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJAxLVY96sqsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFHawkingPenrose1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Hawking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Hawking (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Hawking, S.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Penrose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Penrose (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Penrose, R.</a> (1996). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nature_of_Space_and_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Nature of Space and Time (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">The Nature of Space and Time</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-691-05084-8" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-691-05084-8"><bdi>0-691-05084-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nature+of+Space+and+Time&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-691-05084-8&rft.aulast=Hawking&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Penrose%2C+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFHolzner2006" class="citation book cs1">Holzner, S. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0764554336"><i>Physics for Dummies</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wiley_%26_Sons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wiley & Sons (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-470-61841-8" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-470-61841-8"><bdi>0-470-61841-8</bdi></a>. <q>Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physics+for+Dummies&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-470-61841-8&rft.aulast=Holzner&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Freader%2F0764554336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFHonderich1995" class="citation book cs1">Honderich, T. (editor) (1995). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Oxford_Companion_to_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">The Oxford Companion to Philosophy</a></i> (1 ed.). Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00hond/page/474">474</a>–476. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-19-866132-0" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-19-866132-0"><bdi>0-19-866132-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Philosophy&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=474-476&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-19-866132-0&rft.aulast=Honderich&rft.aufirst=T.+%28editor%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFKellert1993" class="citation book cs1">Kellert, S.H. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inwakeofchaosunp0000kell"><i>In the Wake of Chaos: Unpredictable Order in Dynamical Systems</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Chicago_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Chicago Press (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">University of Chicago Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-226-42976-8" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-226-42976-8"><bdi>0-226-42976-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Wake+of+Chaos%3A+Unpredictable+Order+in+Dynamical+Systems&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-226-42976-8&rft.aulast=Kellert&rft.aufirst=S.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finwakeofchaosunp0000kell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFKerr2009" class="citation news cs1">Kerr, R.A. (16 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/sci;326/5951/350-a?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=IBEX&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&issue=5951&resourcetype=HWCIT">"Tying Up the Solar System With a Ribbon of Charged Particles"</a>. <i>Science</i>. Vol. 326, no. 5951. pp. 350–351<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Tying+Up+the+Solar+System+With+a+Ribbon+of+Charged+Particles&rft.volume=326&rft.issue=5951&rft.pages=350-351&rft.date=2009-10-16&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=R.A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fsummary%2Fsci%3B326%2F5951%2F350-a%3Fmaxtoshow%3D%26HITS%3D10%26hits%3D10%26RESULTFORMAT%3D%26fulltext%3DIBEX%26searchid%3D1%26FIRSTINDEX%3D0%26issue%3D5951%26resourcetype%3DHWCIT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_news" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFKrupp2003" class="citation book cs1">Krupp, E.C. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7rMAJ87WTF0C"><i>Echoes of the Ancient Skies: The Astronomy of Lost Civilizations</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dover_Publications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dover Publications (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Dover Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-486-42882-6" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-486-42882-6"><bdi>0-486-42882-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Echoes+of+the+Ancient+Skies%3A+The+Astronomy+of+Lost+Civilizations&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-486-42882-6&rft.aulast=Krupp&rft.aufirst=E.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7rMAJ87WTF0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFLaplace1951" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Simon_Laplace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-Simon Laplace (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Laplace, P.S.</a> (1951). <i>A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities</i>. Translated from the 6th French edition by Truscott, F.W. and Emory, F.L. New York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dover_Publications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dover Publications (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Dover Publications</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Philosophical+Essay+on+Probabilities&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Laplace&rft.aufirst=P.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFLeggett1999" class="citation journal cs1">Leggett, A.J. (1999). "Superfluidity". <i>Reviews of Modern Physics</i>. <b>71</b> (2): S318–S323. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999RvMPS..71..318L">1999RvMPS..71..318L</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.71.S318">10.1103/RevModPhys.71.S318</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+of+Modern+Physics&rft.atitle=Superfluidity&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=S318-S323&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FRevModPhys.71.S318&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999RvMPS..71..318L&rft.aulast=Leggett&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_journal" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2001" class="citation journal cs1">Levy, B.G. (December 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160515100141/http://physicstoday.org/journals/doc/PHTOAD-ft/vol_54/iss_12/14_1.shtml?bypassSSO=1">"Cornell, Ketterle, and Wieman Share Nobel Prize for Bose-Einstein Condensates"</a>. <i>Physics Today</i>. <b>54</b> (12): 14. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhT....54l..14L">2001PhT....54l..14L</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1445529">10.1063/1.1445529</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physicstoday.org/journals/doc/PHTOAD-ft/vol_54/iss_12/14_1.shtml?bypassSSO=1">the original</a> on 2016-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-02-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&rft.atitle=Cornell%2C+Ketterle%2C+and+Wieman+Share+Nobel+Prize+for+Bose-Einstein+Condensates&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=14&rft.date=2001-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1445529&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001PhT....54l..14L&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=B.G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysicstoday.org%2Fjournals%2Fdoc%2FPHTOAD-ft%2Fvol_54%2Fiss_12%2F14_1.shtml%3FbypassSSO%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_journal" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=G._E._R._Lloyd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G. E. R. Lloyd (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Lloyd, G.E.R.</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earlygreekscienc00gerl"><i>Early Greek Science: Thales to Aristotle</i></a>. London; New York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chatto_and_Windus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chatto and Windus (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Chatto and Windus</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=W._W._Norton_%26_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. W. Norton & Company (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-393-00583-6" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-393-00583-6"><bdi>0-393-00583-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Greek+Science%3A+Thales+to+Aristotle&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Chatto+and+Windus%3B+W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-393-00583-6&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=G.E.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fearlygreekscienc00gerl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFMattis2006" class="citation book cs1">Mattis, D.C. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VkNBAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Theory of Magnetism Made Simple</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Scientific&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Scientific (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">World Scientific</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-981-238-579-6" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-981-238-579-6"><bdi>978-981-238-579-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theory+of+Magnetism+Made+Simple&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-981-238-579-6&rft.aulast=Mattis&rft.aufirst=D.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVkNBAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFMaxwell1878" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Clerk_Maxwell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Clerk Maxwell (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Maxwell, J.C.</a> (1878). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=noRgWP0_UZ8C&printsec=titlepage&dq=matter+and+motion"><i>Matter and Motion</i></a>. D. Van Nostrand. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-486-66895-9" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-486-66895-9"><bdi>0-486-66895-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matter+and+Motion&rft.pub=D.+Van+Nostrand&rft.date=1878&rft.isbn=0-486-66895-9&rft.aulast=Maxwell&rft.aufirst=J.C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DnoRgWP0_UZ8C%26printsec%3Dtitlepage%26dq%3Dmatter%2Band%2Bmotion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2011" class="citation book cs1">Moore, J.T. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TRuP-BbS9xoC"><i>Chemistry For Dummies</i></a> (2 ed.). <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wiley_%26_Sons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wiley & Sons (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-1-118-00730-3" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-1-118-00730-3"><bdi>978-1-118-00730-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+For+Dummies&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-118-00730-3&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=J.T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTRuP-BbS9xoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Research_CouncilCommittee_on_Technology_for_Future_Naval_Forces1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_States_National_Research_Council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United States National Research Council (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">National Research Council</a>; Committee on Technology for Future Naval Forces (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5869&page=161"><i>Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035 Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 9: Modeling and Simulation</i></a>. Washington, DC: <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_National_Academies_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The National Academies Press (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">The National Academies Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-0-309-05928-2" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-0-309-05928-2"><bdi>978-0-309-05928-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technology+for+the+United+States+Navy+and+Marine+Corps%2C+2000-2035+Becoming+a+21st-Century+Force%3A+Volume+9%3A+Modeling+and+Simulation&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=The+National+Academies+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-309-05928-2&rft.au=National+Research+Council&rft.au=Committee+on+Technology+for+Future+Naval+Forces&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fopenbook.php%3Frecord_id%3D5869%26page%3D161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson1996a" class="citation web cs1">O'Connor, J.J.; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_F._Robertson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund F. Robertson (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Robertson, E.F.</a> (February 1996a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Special_relativity.html">"Special Relativity"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a></i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St_Andrews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of St Andrews (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">University of St Andrews</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+archive&rft.atitle=Special+Relativity&rft.date=1996-02&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=J.J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+E.F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FHistTopics%2FSpecial_relativity.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson1996b" class="citation web cs1">O'Connor, J.J.; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_F._Robertson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund F. Robertson (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Robertson, E.F.</a> (May 1996b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191028220722/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/The_Quantum_age_begins.html">"A History of Quantum Mechanics"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</a></i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_St_Andrews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of St Andrews (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">University of St Andrews</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/The_Quantum_age_begins.html">the original</a> on 28 ਅਕਤੂਬਰ 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+archive&rft.atitle=A+History+of+Quantum+Mechanics&rft.date=1996-05&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=J.J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+E.F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk%2F~history%2FHistTopics%2FThe_Quantum_age_begins.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|dead-url=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|url-status=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFOerter2006" class="citation book cs1">Oerter, R. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1KHuAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Theory of Almost Everything: The Standard Model, the Unsung Triumph of Modern Physics</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pi_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pi Press (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Pi Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-0-13-236678-6" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-0-13-236678-6"><bdi>978-0-13-236678-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Theory+of+Almost+Everything%3A+The+Standard+Model%2C+the+Unsung+Triumph+of+Modern+Physics&rft.pub=Pi+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-13-236678-6&rft.aulast=Oerter&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1KHuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFPenroseShimonyCartwrightHawking1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Penrose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Penrose (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Penrose, R.</a>; Shimony, A.; Cartwright, N.; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Hawking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Hawking (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Hawking, S.</a> (1997). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Large,_the_Small_and_the_Human_Mind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Large, the Small and the Human Mind (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">The Large, the Small and the Human Mind</a></i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-521-78572-3" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-521-78572-3"><bdi>0-521-78572-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Large%2C+the+Small+and+the+Human+Mind&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-521-78572-3&rft.aulast=Penrose&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Shimony%2C+A.&rft.au=Cartwright%2C+N.&rft.au=Hawking%2C+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFPenrose2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Penrose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Penrose (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Penrose, R.</a> (2004). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Road_to_Reality&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Road to Reality (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">The Road to Reality</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-679-45443-8" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-679-45443-8"><bdi>0-679-45443-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Reality&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-679-45443-8&rft.aulast=Penrose&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2006" class="citation book cs1">Rosenberg, Alex (2006). <i>Philosophy of Science</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Routledge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Routledge (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-415-34317-8" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-415-34317-8"><bdi>0-415-34317-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philosophy+of+Science&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-415-34317-8&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFSchrödinger1983" class="citation book cs1">Schrödinger, E. (1983). <i>My View of the World</i>. Ox Bow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-918024-30-7" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-918024-30-7"><bdi>0-918024-30-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+View+of+the+World&rft.pub=Ox+Bow+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-918024-30-7&rft.aulast=Schr%C3%B6dinger&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFSchrödinger1995" class="citation book cs1">Schrödinger, E. (1995). <i>The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics</i>. Ox Bow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/1-881987-09-4" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/1-881987-09-4"><bdi>1-881987-09-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Interpretation+of+Quantum+Mechanics&rft.pub=Ox+Bow+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-881987-09-4&rft.aulast=Schr%C3%B6dinger&rft.aufirst=E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFSinger2008" class="citation book cs1">Singer, C. (2008). <i>A Short History of Science to the 19th Century</i>. Streeter Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Science+to+the+19th+Century&rft.pub=Streeter+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFStajicCoontzOsborne2011" class="citation journal cs1">Stajic, Jelena; Coontz, R.; Osborne, I. (8 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2011-04-08_332_6026/page/189">"Happy 100th, Superconductivity!"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>332</b> (6026): 189. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bibcode_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bibcode (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...332..189S">2011Sci...332..189S</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.332.6026.189">10.1126/science.332.6026.189</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Happy+100th%2C+Superconductivity%21&rft.volume=332&rft.issue=6026&rft.pages=189&rft.date=2011-04-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.332.6026.189&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011Sci...332..189S&rft.aulast=Stajic&rft.aufirst=Jelena&rft.au=Coontz%2C+R.&rft.au=Osborne%2C+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_science_2011-04-08_332_6026%2Fpage%2F189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_journal" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorHeinonen2002" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, P.L.; Heinonen, O. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hyx6BjEX4U8C"><i>A Quantum Approach to Condensed Matter Physics</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cambridge_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cambridge University Press (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-0-521-77827-5" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-0-521-77827-5"><bdi>978-0-521-77827-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Quantum+Approach+to+Condensed+Matter+Physics&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-77827-5&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=P.L.&rft.au=Heinonen%2C+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhyx6BjEX4U8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFThurston1994" class="citation book cs1">Thurston, H. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earlyastronomy0000thur"><i>Early Astronomy</i></a>. Springer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Astronomy&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fearlyastronomy0000thur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFToraldo_Di_Francia1976" class="citation book cs1">Toraldo Di Francia, G. (1976). <i>The Investigation of the Physical World</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-521-29925-X" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-521-29925-X"><bdi>0-521-29925-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Investigation+of+the+Physical+World&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=0-521-29925-X&rft.aulast=Toraldo+Di+Francia&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2012" class="citation web cs1">Walsh, K.M. (1 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bnl.gov/newsroom/news.php?a=23098">"Plotting the Future for Computing in High-Energy and Nuclear Physics"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brookhaven_National_Laboratory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brookhaven National Laboratory (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Brookhaven National Laboratory</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Plotting+the+Future+for+Computing+in+High-Energy+and+Nuclear+Physics&rft.pub=Brookhaven+National+Laboratory&rft.date=2012-06-01&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=K.M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnl.gov%2Fnewsroom%2Fnews.php%3Fa%3D23098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_web" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><cite id="CITEREFYoungFreedman2014" class="citation book cs1">Young, H.D.; Freedman, R.A. (2014). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University Physics (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Sears and Zemansky's University Physics with Modern Physics Technology Update</a></i> (13th ed.). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearson_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pearson Education (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Pearson Education</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/978-1-29202-063-1" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/978-1-29202-063-1"><bdi>978-1-29202-063-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sears+and+Zemansky%27s+University+Physics+with+Modern+Physics+Technology+Update&rft.edition=13th&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-29202-063-1&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=H.D.&rft.au=Freedman%2C+R.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95+%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE:Cite_book" title="ਫਰਮਾ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" title="ਮਦਦ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਬਾਹਰੀ_ਕੜੀਆਂ"><span id=".E0.A8.AC.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.B9.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.80_.E0.A8.95.E0.A9.9C.E0.A9.80.E0.A8.86.E0.A8.82"></span>ਬਾਹਰੀ ਕੜੀਆਂ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8&action=edit&section=6" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਬਾਹਰੀ ਕੜੀਆਂ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r648841"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627788"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://pa.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8">ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a></span></b></i> ਨੂੰ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਵਿਕਸ਼ਨਰੀ">ਵਿਕਸ਼ਨਰੀ</a>, ਇੱਕ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਸ਼ਬਦਕੋਸ਼, ਦੇ ਉੱਤੇ ਵੇਖੋ।</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r648841"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627788"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">ਵਿਕੀਬੂਕਸ ਉੱਤੇ ਇੱਕ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਹੈ ਇਸ ਵਿਸ਼ੇ ਬਾਰੇ <div style="margin-left:10px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r648841"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627788"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">ਵਿਕੀਬੂਕਸ ਉੱਤੇ ਇੱਕ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਹੈ ਇਸ ਵਿਸ਼ੇ ਬਾਰੇ <div style="margin-left:10px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%95" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਅਧਿਐਨ ਮਾਰਗ ਦਰਸ਼ਕ">ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਅਧਿਐਨ ਮਾਰਗ ਦਰਸ਼ਕ</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r648841"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627788"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">ਵਿਕੀਬੂਕਸ ਉੱਤੇ ਇੱਕ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਹੈ ਇਸ ਵਿਸ਼ੇ ਬਾਰੇ <div style="margin-left:10px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/FHSST_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:FHSST ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">FHSST ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r648841"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627788"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikisource has original works on the topic: <i><b><a href="https://pa.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="extiw" title="s:Portal:ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r648841"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r627788"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/40px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/60px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/80px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">ਵਿਕੀਵਰਸਿਟੀ ਉੱਤੇ <i><b><a href="https://pa.wikiversity.org/wiki/Category:%E0%A8%AD%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" class="extiw" title="v:Category:ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">Category:ਭੌਤਿਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a></b></i> ਬਾਰੇ ਵਿੱਦਿਆ ਸਾਮੱਗਰੀ ਹੈ।</div></div> </div> <p><b>ਸਰਵ ਸਧਾਰਨ</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Encyclopedia_of_physics">Encyclopedia of Physics</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scholarpedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scholarpedia (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Scholarpedia</a></li> <li>de Haas, Paul, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090826083339/http://home.tiscali.nl/physis/HistoricPaper/">Historic Papers in Physics (20th Century)</a> at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a> (archived ਅਗਸਤ 26, 2009)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physicscentral.com/">PhysicsCentral</a> – Web portal run by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aps.org/">American Physical Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physics.org/">Physics.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040902123039/http://physics.org/">Archived</a> 2004-09-02 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>. – Web portal run by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iop.org/">Institute of Physics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190521010833/http://www.iop.org/">Archived</a> 2019-05-21 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://musr.physics.ubc.ca/~jess/hr/skept/"><i>The Skeptic's Guide to Physics</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160207124645/http://musr.physics.ubc.ca/~jess/hr/skept/">Archived</a> 2016-02-07 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/">Usenet Physics FAQ</a> – A FAQ compiled by sci.physics and other physics newsgroups</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/">Website of the Nobel Prize in physics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/">World of Physics</a> An online encyclopedic dictionary of physics</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/naturephysics"><i>Nature</i>: Physics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.aps.org/">Physics</a> announced 17 July 2008 by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Physical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Physical Society (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">American Physical Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org//Science/Physics/Publications/">Physics/Publications</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ਓਪਨ ਡਾਇਰੈਕਟਰੀ ਪ੍ਰੋਜੈਕਟ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">ਕਰਲੀ</a> ਉੱਤੇ</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physicsworld.com/">Physicsworld.com</a> – News website from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publishing.iop.org/">Institute of Physics Publishing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120712050838/http://publishing.iop.org/">Archived</a> 2012-07-12 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physlib.com/">Physics Central</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130624055123/http://physlib.com/">Archived</a> 2013-06-24 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>. – includes articles on astronomy, particle physics, and mathematics.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vega.org.uk/">The Vega Science Trust</a> – science videos, including physics</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/JustinMorganPhysicsLightningTour/">Video: Physics "Lightning" Tour with Justin Morgan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.learner.org/resources/series42.html">52-part video course: The Mechanical Universe...and Beyond</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130322020457/http://www.learner.org/resources/series42.html">Archived</a> 2013-03-22 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>. Note: also available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6774539130229106025">01 – Introduction</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121027101214/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6774539130229106025">Archived</a> 2012-10-27 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>. at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Google_Videos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Google Videos (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Google Videos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/hframe.html">HyperPhysics website</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=HyperPhysics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HyperPhysics (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">HyperPhysics</a>, a physics and astronomy mind-map from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgia_State_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgia State University (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Georgia State University</a></li></ul> <p><b>ਸੰਸਥਾਵਾਂ</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aip.org/index.html">AIP.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041012041319/http://www.aip.org/index.html">Archived</a> 2004-10-12 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>. – Website of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Institute_of_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Institute of Physics (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">American Institute of Physics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aps.org/">APS.org</a> – Website of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Physical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Physical Society (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">American Physical Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iop.org/">IOP.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190521010833/http://www.iop.org/">Archived</a> 2019-05-21 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>. – Website of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institute_of_Physics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institute of Physics (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Institute of Physics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planetphysics.org/">PlanetPhysics.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225121156/http://planetphysics.org/">Archived</a> 2009-02-25 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/">Royal Society</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050604075524/http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/">Archived</a> 2005-06-04 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>. – Although not exclusively a physics institution, it has a strong history of physics</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spsnational.org/">SPS National</a> – Website of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Society_of_Physics_Students&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Society of Physics Students (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Society of Physics Students</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r627784">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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