Design and Preliminary Ground Experiment for Deployable Sunshade Structures of a Modular Space Telescope

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usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="gHqyI71qdn83tcGew4rkWjKgR9ZuuT5iiWQbpCnugVofTi2MqU1j0mm3rwwlIedX"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="gHqyI71qdn83tcGew4rkWjKgR9ZuuT5iiWQbpCnugVofTi2MqU1j0mm3rwwlIedX"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="gHqyI71qdn83tcGew4rkWjKgR9ZuuT5iiWQbpCnugVofTi2MqU1j0mm3rwwlIedX"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="gHqyI71qdn83tcGew4rkWjKgR9ZuuT5iiWQbpCnugVofTi2MqU1j0mm3rwwlIedX"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="38610490"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" 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collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" 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<div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="full-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)" tabindex="0" aria-controls="full-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)" data-pinger-ignore> Sensors (Basel) </button><div id="full-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Sensors+%28Basel%29%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Sensors+%28Basel%29%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=Sensors (Basel)" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Sensors (Basel)"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Sensors+%28Basel%29%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Sensors (Basel)"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Sensors (Basel)"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Sensors (Basel)"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2024 Apr 3;24(7):2280.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.3390/s24072280. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Design and Preliminary Ground Experiment for Deployable Sunshade Structures of a Modular Space Telescope </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kuang+Y&cauthor_id=38610490" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ye Kuang">Ye Kuang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of On-Orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics System, Changchun 130033, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wang+S&cauthor_id=38610490" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Shuaihui Wang">Shuaihui Wang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of On-Orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics System, Changchun 130033, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gao+Y&cauthor_id=38610490" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yan Gao">Yan Gao</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of On-Orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics System, Changchun 130033, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Xu+B&cauthor_id=38610490" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Boqian Xu">Boqian Xu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of On-Orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics System, Changchun 130033, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Xu+S&cauthor_id=38610490" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Shuyan Xu">Shuyan Xu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/38610490/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of On-Orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics System, Changchun 130033, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3" id="full-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38610490</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC11014395&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11014395/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC11014395 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" 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data-href="/?term=%22Sensors+%28Basel%29%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=Sensors (Basel)" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Sensors (Basel)"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Sensors+%28Basel%29%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Sensors (Basel)"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Sensors (Basel)"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Sensors (Basel)"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2024 Apr 3;24(7):2280.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.3390/s24072280. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kuang+Y&cauthor_id=38610490" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ye Kuang">Ye Kuang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of On-Orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics System, Changchun 130033, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Wang+S&cauthor_id=38610490" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Shuaihui Wang">Shuaihui Wang</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of On-Orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics System, Changchun 130033, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Gao+Y&cauthor_id=38610490" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Yan Gao">Yan Gao</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of On-Orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics System, Changchun 130033, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Xu+B&cauthor_id=38610490" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Boqian Xu">Boqian Xu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of On-Orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics System, Changchun 130033, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Xu+S&cauthor_id=38610490" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Shuyan Xu">Shuyan Xu</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of On-Orbit Manufacturing and Integration for Space Optics System, Changchun 130033, China.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38610490</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC11014395&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11014395/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC11014395 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.3390/s24072280&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072280" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.3390/s24072280 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/38610490/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/38610490/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> On-orbit assembling space telescope (OAST) is one of the most feasible methods to implement a large-scale space telescope. Unlike a monolithic space telescope (such as Hubble Space Telescope, HST) or a deployable space telescope (such as James Webb Space Telescope, JWST), OAST can be assembled in the spatial environment. To ensure proper telescope performance, OAST must be equipped with a large deployable sunshade. In order to verify the technology of the OAST, the authors propose a modular space telescope on the China Space Station (CSS) and design a deployable sunshade. The deployable mechanism of the sunshade is made up of a radial deployable mechanism and an axial deployable mechanism. The paper describes the overall design approach, the key component technologies, and the design and preliminary testing of a part of the deployable sunshade assembly. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> deployable sunshade; modular space telescope; on-orbit assembling space telescope. </p> </div> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">The authors declare no conflicts of interest.</p> </div> </div> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="figure-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/e051ed5abbf2/sensors-24-02280-g001.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="712" data-image-height="323" data-image-alt="Figure 1" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f001"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/e67dddefdea0/sensors-24-02280-g001.gif" alt="Figure 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="712"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="323"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Several OAST projects. </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Several OAST projects. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 1 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Several OAST projects.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="1" data-label-slug="figure-2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/a56acde87f9a/sensors-24-02280-g002.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-1" role="button" data-image-width="723" data-image-height="239" data-image-alt="Figure 2" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f002"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-1" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/54a6f13f15ef/sensors-24-02280-g002.gif" alt="Figure 2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="723"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="239"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The small OAST projects. </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The small OAST projects. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 2 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The small OAST projects.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="2" data-label-slug="figure-3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/b9bafa45014e/sensors-24-02280-g003.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-2" role="button" data-image-width="687" data-image-height="391" data-image-alt="Figure 3" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f003"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-2" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/4d84293ed70e/sensors-24-02280-g003.gif" alt="Figure 3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="687"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="391"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The modular space telescope’s working… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 3 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The modular space telescope’s working state on the CSS. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 3 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The modular space telescope’s working state on the CSS.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="3" data-label-slug="figure-4"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/50154e8880fb/sensors-24-02280-g004.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-3" role="button" data-image-width="711" data-image-height="573" data-image-alt="Figure 4" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f004"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-3" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/0968e979fe74/sensors-24-02280-g004.gif" alt="Figure 4" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="711"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="573"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 4 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The simulation of the experimental… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 4 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The simulation of the experimental process for submirror assembly. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 4 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The simulation of the experimental process for submirror assembly.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="4" data-label-slug="figure-5"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/ba79444d6f9f/sensors-24-02280-g005.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-4" role="button" data-image-width="736" data-image-height="666" data-image-alt="Figure 5" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f005"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-4" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/794c4b93d7b4/sensors-24-02280-g005.gif" alt="Figure 5" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="736"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="666"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 5 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The experimental process for submirror… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 5 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The experimental process for submirror assembly. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 5 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The experimental process for submirror assembly.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="5" data-label-slug="figure-6"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/86a484fa62ff/sensors-24-02280-g006.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-5" role="button" data-image-width="611" data-image-height="640" data-image-alt="Figure 6" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f006"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-5" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/48f594dfea7d/sensors-24-02280-g006.gif" alt="Figure 6" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="611"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="640"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 6 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The deployable sunshade assembly structures… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 6 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The deployable sunshade assembly structures in the folding state. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 6 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The deployable sunshade assembly structures in the folding state.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="6" data-label-slug="figure-7"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/15441dd4f1ab/sensors-24-02280-g007.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-6" role="button" data-image-width="781" data-image-height="570" data-image-alt="Figure 7" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f007"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-6" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/ab72855f774f/sensors-24-02280-g007.gif" alt="Figure 7" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="781"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="570"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 7 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The deployable sunshade assembly structures… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 7 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The deployable sunshade assembly structures in a deployable state (The radial deployable mechanism… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-6" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 7 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The deployable sunshade assembly structures in a deployable state (The radial deployable mechanism is deployed).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="7" data-label-slug="figure-8"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/9143ebc88b23/sensors-24-02280-g008.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-7" role="button" data-image-width="703" data-image-height="1036" data-image-alt="Figure 8" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f008"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-7" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/d89f57098a47/sensors-24-02280-g008.gif" alt="Figure 8" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="703"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="1036"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 8 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The deployable sunshade assembly structures… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 8 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The deployable sunshade assembly structures in a deployable state (The radial and axial… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-7" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 8 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The deployable sunshade assembly structures in a deployable state (The radial and axial deployable mechanisms are deployed).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="8" data-label-slug="figure-9"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/7b083551c243/sensors-24-02280-g009.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-8" role="button" data-image-width="660" data-image-height="384" data-image-alt="Figure 9" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f009"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-8" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/d41da0e3c38f/sensors-24-02280-g009.gif" alt="Figure 9" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="660"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="384"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 9 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The model of the radial… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 9 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The model of the radial deployable mechanism. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-8" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 9 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The model of the radial deployable mechanism.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="9" data-label-slug="figure-10"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/c560d71e60e9/sensors-24-02280-g010.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-9" role="button" data-image-width="604" data-image-height="415" data-image-alt="Figure 10" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f010"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-9" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/2f2f02b49fd3/sensors-24-02280-g010.gif" alt="Figure 10" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="604"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="415"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 10 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The model of the SLE. </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 10 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The model of the SLE. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-9" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 10 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The model of the SLE.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="10" data-label-slug="figure-11"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/5a6587fb4a3c/sensors-24-02280-g011.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-10" role="button" data-image-width="786" data-image-height="515" data-image-alt="Figure 11" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f011"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-10" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/eda534fbeb60/sensors-24-02280-g011.gif" alt="Figure 11" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="786"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="515"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 11 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The force analysis of the… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 11 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The force analysis of the top SLE. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-10" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 11 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The force analysis of the top SLE.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="11" data-label-slug="figure-12"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/acdfc1d01c30/sensors-24-02280-g012.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-11" role="button" data-image-width="767" data-image-height="294" data-image-alt="Figure 12" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f012"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-11" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/a9c995ba9589/sensors-24-02280-g012.gif" alt="Figure 12" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="767"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="294"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 12 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The force analyses of the… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 12 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The force analyses of the rod <i> MO </i> and rod <i> NP </i> . </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-11" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 12 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The force analyses of the rod <i>MO</i> and rod <i>NP</i>.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="12" data-label-slug="figure-13"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/3eba437d5285/sensors-24-02280-g013.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-12" role="button" data-image-width="703" data-image-height="266" data-image-alt="Figure 13" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f013"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-12" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/f3b64304fddb/sensors-24-02280-g013.gif" alt="Figure 13" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="703"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="266"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 13 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The force analyses of the… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 13 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The force analyses of the rod <i> MQ </i> and the rod <i> NP </i> . </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-12" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 13 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The force analyses of the rod <i>MQ</i> and the rod <i>NP</i>.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="13" data-label-slug="figure-14"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/c181c6474643/sensors-24-02280-g014.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-13" role="button" data-image-width="700" data-image-height="265" data-image-alt="Figure 14" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f014"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-13" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/0577cd4391c8/sensors-24-02280-g014.gif" alt="Figure 14" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="700"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="265"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 14 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The force analysis results: (… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 14 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The force analysis results: ( <b> a </b> ) horizontal force of point M, (… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-13" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 14 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The force analysis results: (<b>a</b>) horizontal force of point M, (<b>b</b>) horizontal force of point N.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="14" data-label-slug="figure-15"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/a843deddfa25/sensors-24-02280-g015.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-14" role="button" data-image-width="786" data-image-height="309" data-image-alt="Figure 15" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f015"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-14" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/5b3f6db99148/sensors-24-02280-g015.gif" alt="Figure 15" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="786"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="309"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 15 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The force analysis results with… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 15 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The force analysis results with friction: ( <b> a </b> ) horizontal force of point… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-14" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 15 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The force analysis results with friction: (<b>a</b>) horizontal force of point M, (<b>b</b>) horizontal force of point N.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="15" data-label-slug="figure-16"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/cf16fb83107f/sensors-24-02280-g016.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-15" role="button" data-image-width="794" data-image-height="346" data-image-alt="Figure 16" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f016"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-15" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/03cbd5f207c7/sensors-24-02280-g016.gif" alt="Figure 16" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="794"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="346"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 16 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Motion simulation of the radial… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 16 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Motion simulation of the radial deployable mechanism. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-15" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 16 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Motion simulation of the radial deployable mechanism.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="16" data-label-slug="figure-17"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/2c6e1c0a3a46/sensors-24-02280-g017.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-16" role="button" data-image-width="716" data-image-height="272" data-image-alt="Figure 17" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f017"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-16" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/6a2196386209/sensors-24-02280-g017.gif" alt="Figure 17" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="716"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="272"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 17 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Motion simulation of the axial… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 17 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Motion simulation of the axial deployable mechanism. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-16" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 17 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Motion simulation of the axial deployable mechanism.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="17" data-label-slug="figure-18"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/0373cfafc76d/sensors-24-02280-g018.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-17" role="button" data-image-width="775" data-image-height="309" data-image-alt="Figure 18" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f018"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-17" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/8ec22fde53f5/sensors-24-02280-g018.gif" alt="Figure 18" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="775"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="309"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 18 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Forces of the radial and… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 18 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Forces of the radial and axial deployable mechanism: ( <b> a </b> ) forces of… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-17" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 18 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Forces of the radial and axial deployable mechanism: (<b>a</b>) forces of radial deployable mechanism, (<b>b</b>) forces of axial deployable mechanism.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="18" data-label-slug="figure-19"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/8e58a091e436/sensors-24-02280-g019.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-18" role="button" data-image-width="715" data-image-height="431" data-image-alt="Figure 19" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f019"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-18" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/770446773f66/sensors-24-02280-g019.gif" alt="Figure 19" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="715"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="431"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 19 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The vibrational modes of the… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 19 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The vibrational modes of the single deployable component. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-18" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 19 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The vibrational modes of the single deployable component.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="19" data-label-slug="figure-20"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/4ac5d0e8dc00/sensors-24-02280-g020.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-19" role="button" data-image-width="715" data-image-height="431" data-image-alt="Figure 20" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f020"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-19" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/d583e0f8846a/sensors-24-02280-g020.gif" alt="Figure 20" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="715"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="431"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 20 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The vibrational modes of sunshade… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 20 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The vibrational modes of sunshade deployable components. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-19" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 20 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The vibrational modes of sunshade deployable components.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="20" data-label-slug="figure-21"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/9af269d9531d/sensors-24-02280-g021.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-20" role="button" data-image-width="717" data-image-height="203" data-image-alt="Figure 21" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f021"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-20" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/39c2e8bbcfb5/sensors-24-02280-g021.gif" alt="Figure 21" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="717"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="203"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 21 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The experimental process of the… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 21 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The experimental process of the radial deployable mechanism. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-20" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 21 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The experimental process of the radial deployable mechanism.</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item tail" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="21" data-label-slug="figure-22"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/bfb078d40b0b/sensors-24-02280-g022.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-21" role="button" data-image-width="717" data-image-height="205" data-image-alt="Figure 22" data-pmc-id="PMC11014395" data-figure-id="sensors-24-02280-f022"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-21" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/860d/11014395/38222d6477d2/sensors-24-02280-g022.gif" alt="Figure 22" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="717"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="205"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 22 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The experimental process of the… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 22 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> The experimental process of the axial deployable mechanism. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-21" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 22 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">The experimental process of the axial deployable mechanism.</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="see-all actions-bar"> <button class="show-more" aria-controls="slides-container" data-ga-category="figure" data-ga-action="show_all"> All figures (22) </button> </div>  <div 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Design and Preliminary Ground Experiment for Deployable Sunshade Structures of a Modular Space Telescope - PubMed