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resistance</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: timber fire resistance"> <meta name="keywords" content="timber fire resistance"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="timber fire resistance"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3846</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: timber fire resistance</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3846</span> The Fire Performance of Exposed Timber Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernice%20V.%20Y.%20Wong">Bernice V. Y. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kong%20Fah%20Tee"> Kong Fah Tee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cross-laminated timber is increasingly being used in the construction of high-rise buildings due to its simple manufacturing system. In term of fire resistance, cross-laminated timber panels are promoted as having excellent fire resistance, comparable to that of non-combustible materials and to heavy timber construction, due to the ability of thick wood assemblies to char slowly at a predictable rate while maintaining most of their strength during the fire exposure. This paper presents an overview of fire performance of cross-laminated timber and evaluation of its resistance to elevated temperature in comparison to homogeneous timber panels. Charring rates for cross-laminated timber panels of those obtained experimentally were compared with those provided by Eurocode simplified calculation methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20structure" title="timber structure">timber structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-laminated%20timber" title=" cross-laminated timber"> cross-laminated timber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charring%20rate" title=" charring rate"> charring rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20fire%20resistance" title=" timber fire resistance"> timber fire resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7520/the-fire-performance-of-exposed-timber-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3845</span> Numerical Investigation on Design Method of Timber Structures Exposed to Parametric Fire</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Pe%C4%8Denko">Robert Pečenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karin%20Toma%C5%BEi%C4%8D"> Karin Tomažič</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Planinc"> Igor Planinc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabina%20Hu%C4%8D"> Sabina Huč</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toma%C5%BE%20Hozjan"> Tomaž Hozjan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Timber is favourable structural material due to high strength to weight ratio, recycling possibilities, and green credentials. Despite being flammable material, it has relatively high fire resistance. Everyday engineering practice around the word is based on an outdated design of timber structures considering standard fire exposure, while modern principles of performance-based design enable use of advanced non-standard fire curves. In Europe, standard for fire design of timber structures EN 1995-1-2 (Eurocode 5) gives two methods, reduced material properties method and reduced cross-section method. In the latter, fire resistance of structural elements depends on the effective cross-section that is a residual cross-section of uncharred timber reduced additionally by so called zero strength layer. In case of standard fire exposure, Eurocode 5 gives a fixed value of zero strength layer, i.e. 7 mm, while for non-standard parametric fires no additional comments or recommendations for zero strength layer are given. Thus designers often implement adopted 7 mm rule also for parametric fire exposure. Since the latest scientific evidence suggests that proposed value of zero strength layer can be on unsafe side for standard fire exposure, its use in the case of a parametric fire is also highly questionable and more numerical and experimental research in this field is needed. Therefore, the purpose of the presented study is to use advanced calculation methods to investigate the thickness of zero strength layer and parametric charring rates used in effective cross-section method in case of parametric fire. Parametric studies are carried out on a simple solid timber beam that is exposed to a larger number of parametric fire curves Zero strength layer and charring rates are determined based on the numerical simulations which are performed by the recently developed advanced two step computational model. The first step comprises of hygro-thermal model which predicts the temperature, moisture and char depth development and takes into account different initial moisture states of timber. In the second step, the response of timber beam simultaneously exposed to mechanical and fire load is determined. The mechanical model is based on the Reissner’s kinematically exact beam model and accounts for the membrane, shear and flexural deformations of the beam. Further on, material non-linear and temperature dependent behaviour is considered. In the two step model, the char front temperature is, according to Eurocode 5, assumed to have a fixed temperature of around 300°C. Based on performed study and observations, improved levels of charring rates and new thickness of zero strength layer in case of parametric fires are determined. Thus, the reduced cross section method is substantially improved to offer practical recommendations for designing fire resistance of timber structures. Furthermore, correlations between zero strength layer thickness and key input parameters of the parametric fire curve (for instance, opening factor, fire load, etc.) are given, representing a guideline for a more detailed numerical and also experimental research in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20numerical%20modelling" title="advanced numerical modelling">advanced numerical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parametric%20fire%20exposure" title=" parametric fire exposure"> parametric fire exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20structures" title=" timber structures"> timber structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zero%20strength%20layer" title=" zero strength layer"> zero strength layer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81429/numerical-investigation-on-design-method-of-timber-structures-exposed-to-parametric-fire" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3844</span> Improving Fire Resistance of Wood and Wood-Based Composites and Fire Testing Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadir%20Ayrilmis">Nadir Ayrilmis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wood and wood-based panels are one of the oldest structural materials used in the construction industry due to their significant advantages such as good mechanical properties, low density, renewable material, low-cost, recycling, etc. However, they burn when exposed to a flame source or high temperatures. This is very important when the wood products are used as structural or hemi-structural materials in the construction industry, furniture industry, so on. For this reason, the fire resistance is demanded property for wood products. They can be impregnated with fire retardants to improve their fire resistance. The most used fire retardants, fire-retardant mechanism, and fire-testing systems, and national and international fire-durability classifications and standard requirements for fire-durability of wood and wood-based panels were given in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance" title="fire resistance">fire resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood-based%20panels" title=" wood-based panels"> wood-based panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cone%20calorimeter" title=" cone calorimeter"> cone calorimeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood" title=" wood"> wood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130377/improving-fire-resistance-of-wood-and-wood-based-composites-and-fire-testing-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3843</span> Numerical Analysis of Fire Performance of Timber Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van%20Diem%20Thi">Van Diem Thi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mourad%20Khelifa"> Mourad Khelifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20El%20Ganaoui"> Mohammed El Ganaoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yann%20Rogaume"> Yann Rogaume</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An efficient numerical method has been developed to incorporate the effects of heat transfer in timber panels on partition walls exposed to real building fires. The procedure has been added to the software package Abaqus/Standard as a user-defined subroutine (UMATHT) and has been verified using both time-and spatially dependent heat fluxes in two- and three-dimensional problems. The aim is to contribute to the development of simulation tools needed to assist structural engineers and fire testing laboratories in technical assessment exercises. The presented method can also be used under the developmental stages of building components to optimize performance in real fire conditions. The accuracy of the used thermal properties and the finite element models was validated by comparing the predicted results with three different available fire tests in literature. It was found that the model calibrated to results from standard fire conditions provided reasonable predictions of temperatures within assemblies exposed to real building fire. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timber%20panels" title="Timber panels">Timber panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20properties" title=" thermal properties"> thermal properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20fire%20tests" title=" standard fire tests"> standard fire tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58263/numerical-analysis-of-fire-performance-of-timber-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3842</span> Evaluation of Fire Resistance of High Strength Reinforced Concrete Columns with Spiral Wire Rope</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-Seok%20Kwon">Ki-Seok Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heung-Youl%20Kim"> Heung-Youl Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research evaluated fire resistances of high-strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) column, spiral wire rope which applied with 60, and 100MPa. The fire resistance test of RC column with loading condition was conducted following the ISO 834 (3 hours). This experiment set mixing of fiber (PP fiber, Steel fiber) and types of horizontal reinforcement as a variable of reinforcement method. The fire resistance test measured the main steel bar’s max and mean temperatures also the shrinkage and shrinking ratio of columns(500 X 500 X 3,000mm) with loadings. As a result, the specimen of 60MPa attained three hours fire resistance with only spiral wire rope. Also, the specimen of 100MPa must be reinforced with fibers and spiral wire rope to attain three hours fire resistance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20column" title="reinforced concrete column">reinforced concrete column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20strength%20concrete" title=" high strength concrete"> high strength concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wire%20rope" title=" wire rope"> wire rope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance%20test" title=" fire resistance test"> fire resistance test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71012/evaluation-of-fire-resistance-of-high-strength-reinforced-concrete-columns-with-spiral-wire-rope" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71012.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3841</span> Experiment and Analytical Study on Fire Resistance Performance of Slot Type Concrete-Filled Tube</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bum%20Yean%20Cho">Bum Yean Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heung-Youl%20Kim"> Heung-Youl Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-Seok%20Kwon"> Ki-Seok Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang-Su%20Kim"> Kang-Su Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a full-scale test and analysis (numerical analysis) of fire resistance performance of bare CFT column on which slot was used instead of existing welding method to connect the steel pipe on the concrete-filled tube were conducted. Welded CFT column is known to be vulnerable to high or low temperature because of low brittleness of welding part. As a result of a fire resistance performance test of slot CFT column after removing the welding part and fixing it by a slot which was folded into the tube, slot type CFT column indicated the improved fire resistance performance than welded CFT column by 28% or more. And as a result of conducting finite element analysis of slot type column using ABAQUS, analysis result proved the reliability of the test result in predicting the fire behavior and fire resistance hour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFT%20%28concrete-filled%20tube%29%20column" title="CFT (concrete-filled tube) column">CFT (concrete-filled tube) column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance%20performance" title=" fire resistance performance"> fire resistance performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slot" title=" slot"> slot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weld" title=" weld"> weld</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94352/experiment-and-analytical-study-on-fire-resistance-performance-of-slot-type-concrete-filled-tube" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3840</span> A Review on Concrete Structures in Fire</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Iffat">S. Iffat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Bose"> B. Bose</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concrete as a construction material is versatile because it displays high degree of fire-resistance. Concrete’s inherent ability to combat one of the most devastating disaster that a structure can endure in its lifetime, can be attributed to its constituent materials which make it inert and have relatively poor thermal conductivity. However, concrete structures must be designed for fire effects. Structural components should be able to withstand dead and live loads without undergoing collapse. The properties of high-strength concrete must be weighed against concerns about its fire resistance and susceptibility to spalling at elevated temperatures. In this paper, the causes, effects and some remedy of deterioration in concrete due to fire hazard will be discussed. Some cost effective solutions to produce a fire resistant concrete will be conversed through this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire" title=" fire"> fire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spalling" title=" spalling"> spalling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title=" density"> density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41154/a-review-on-concrete-structures-in-fire" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3839</span> Emissivity Analysis of Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel in Fire </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Gaigl">Christian Gaigl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Mensinger"> Martin Mensinger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Once a fire resistance rating is necessary, it has to be proofed that the load bearing behavior of a steel construction under the exposure of fire still fits the static demands. High costs of passive fire protection, which satisfies the requirements, frequently result in a concrete solution. To optimize these expenses, one method is to determine the critical temperature according to the Eurocode DIN EN 1993-1-2. For this purpose, positive effects of hot-dip galvanized surface layers on the temperature development of steel members in the accidental situation of fire exposure has been investigated. The test results show a significant better heating behavior of hot-dip galvanized steel components compared to normal steel specimen. This leads in many cases to a R30 (30 minutes of ISO-fire) fire protection requirement of unprotected steel members and therefore to an economic added value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance" title="fire resistance">fire resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot-dip%20galvanizing" title=" hot-dip galvanizing"> hot-dip galvanizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20constructions" title=" steel constructions"> steel constructions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R30%20requirement" title=" R30 requirement"> R30 requirement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emissivity" title=" emissivity"> emissivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94148/emissivity-analysis-of-hot-dip-galvanized-steel-in-fire" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3838</span> Prediction of the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Tunnel Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung%20Cho%20Yang">Seung Cho Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae%20Sung%20Lee"> Jae Sung Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se%20Hee%20Park"> Se Hee Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study suggests the analysis method to predict the damages of tunnel concrete caused by fires. The result obtained from the analyses of concrete temperatures at a fire in a tunnel using ABAQUS was compared with the test result. After the reliability of the analysis method was verified, the temperatures of a tunnel at a real fire and those of concrete during the fire were estimated to predict fire damages. The temperatures inside the tunnel were estimated by FDS, a CFD model. It was deduced that the fire performance of tunnel lining and the fire damages of the structure at an actual fire could be estimated by the analysis method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance" title="fire resistance">fire resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tunnel%20fire" title=" tunnel fire"> tunnel fire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50411/prediction-of-the-heat-transfer-characteristics-of-tunnel-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3837</span> Determining Fire Resistance of Wooden Construction Elements through Experimental Studies and Artificial Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakir%20Tasdemir">Sakir Tasdemir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Altin"> Mustafa Altin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gamze%20Fahriye%20Pehlivan"> Gamze Fahriye Pehlivan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadiye%20Didem%20Boztepe%20Erkis"> Sadiye Didem Boztepe Erkis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Saritas"> Ismail Saritas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selma%20Tasdemir"> Selma Tasdemir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Artificial intelligence applications are commonly used in industry in many fields in parallel with the developments in the computer technology. In this study, a fire room was prepared for the resistance of wooden construction elements and with the mechanism here, the experiments of polished materials were carried out. By utilizing from the experimental data, an artificial neural network (ANN) was modeled in order to evaluate the final cross sections of the wooden samples remaining from the fire. In modelling, experimental data obtained from the fire room were used. In the system developed, the first weight of samples (ws-gr), preliminary cross-section (pcs-mm2), fire time (ft-minute), fire temperature (t-oC) as input parameters and final cross-section (fcs-mm2) as output parameter were taken. When the results obtained from ANN and experimental data are compared after making statistical analyses, the data of two groups are determined to be coherent and seen to have no meaning difference between them. As a result, it is seen that ANN can be safely used in determining cross sections of wooden materials after fire and it prevents many disadvantages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title="artificial neural network">artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=final%20cross-section" title=" final cross-section"> final cross-section</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20retardant%20polishes" title=" fire retardant polishes"> fire retardant polishes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20safety" title=" fire safety"> fire safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20resistance." title=" wood resistance."> wood resistance.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19262/determining-fire-resistance-of-wooden-construction-elements-through-experimental-studies-and-artificial-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19262.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3836</span> The Influence of Steel Connection on Fire Resistance of Composite Steel-Framed Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Kadhim">Mohammed Kadhim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhaohui%20Huang"> Zhaohui Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Steel connections can play an important role in enhancing the robustness of structures under fire conditions. Therefore, it is significant to examine the influence of steel connections on the fire resistance of composite steel-framed buildings. In this paper, both the behavior of steel connections and their influence on composite steel frame are analyzed using the non-linear finite element computer software VULCAN at ambient and elevated temperatures. The chosen frame is subjected to ISO834 fire. The comparison between end plate connections, pinned connection, and rigid connection has been carried out. By applying different compartment fires, some cases are studied to show the behavior of steel connection when the fire is applied at certain beams. In addition, different plate thickness and deferent applied loads have been analyzed to examine the behavior of chosen steel connection under ISO834 fire. It was found from the analytical results that the beam with extended end plate is stronger and has better performance in terms of axial forces than those beams with flush end plate connection. It was also found that extended end plate connection has highest limiting temperatures compared to the flush end plate connection. In addition, it was found that the performance of end-plate connections is very close to rigid connection and very far from pinned connections. Furthermore, plate thickness has less effect on the influence of steel connection on fire resistance. In conclusion, the behavior of composite steel framed buildings is largely dependent on the steel connection due to their high impact under fire condition. It is recommended to consider the extended end-plate in the design proposes because of its higher properties compared to the flush end plate connection. Finally, this paper shows a steel connection has an important effect on the fire resistance of composite steel framed buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20steel-framed%20buildings" title="composite steel-framed buildings">composite steel-framed buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connection%20behavior" title=" connection behavior"> connection behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=end-plate%20connections" title=" end-plate connections"> end-plate connections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20modeling" title=" finite element modeling"> finite element modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance" title=" fire resistance"> fire resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98028/the-influence-of-steel-connection-on-fire-resistance-of-composite-steel-framed-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98028.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3835</span> Nano Composite of Clay and Modified Ketonic Resin as Fire Retardant Polyol for Polyurethane</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20%C3%96nen">D. Önen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lcan"> N. Kızılcan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z"> B. Yıldız</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Akar"> A. Akar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In situ modified cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resins were prepared by addition of alendronic acid during resin preparation. Clay nanocomposites in ketonic resins were achieved by adding clay into the flask at the beginning of the resin preparation. The prepared resins were used for the synthesis of fire resistant polyurethanes foam. Both phosphorous containing modifier compound alendronic acid and nanoclay increases fire resistance of the cyclohexanone-formaldehyde resin thus polyurethane produced from these resins. The effect of the concentrations of alendronic acid and clay on the fire resistance and physical properties of polyurethanes was studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alendronic%20acid" title="alendronic acid">alendronic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ketonic%20resin" title=" ketonic resin"> ketonic resin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyurethane" title=" polyurethane"> polyurethane</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23492/nano-composite-of-clay-and-modified-ketonic-resin-as-fire-retardant-polyol-for-polyurethane" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3834</span> Effect of Reinforcement Steel Ratio on the Behavior of R. C. Columns Exposed to Fire</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatem%20Ghith">Hatem Ghith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper experimentally investigates the effect of burning by fire flame from one face on the behavior and load carrying capacity for reinforced columns. Residual ultimate load carrying capacity, axial deformation, crack pattern and maximum crack width for column specimens with and without burning were recorded and discussed. Tested six reinforced concrete columns were divided into control specimen and two groups. The first group was exposed to a fire with a different temperature (300, 500, 700 °C) for an hour with reinforcement ratio 0.89% and the second group was exposed to a fire with a temperature 500 °C for an hour with different reinforcement ratio (0.89%, 2.18%, and 3.57%), then all columns were tested under short-term axial loading. From the obtained results, it could be concluded that the fire parameters significantly influence the fire resistance of R.C columns. The fire parameters cause axial deformation and moment on the column due to the eccentricity that generated from the difference in temperature and consequently the compressive stresses of both faces of the columns but the increased reinforcement ratio enhanced the resistance of columns for axial deformation and moment on the column due to the eccentricity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=columns" title="columns">columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement%20ratio" title=" reinforcement ratio"> reinforcement ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20exposure" title=" time exposure"> time exposure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59887/effect-of-reinforcement-steel-ratio-on-the-behavior-of-r-c-columns-exposed-to-fire" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59887.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3833</span> The Experimental and Statistical Analysis of the Wood Strength against Pressure According to Different Wood Types, Sizes, and Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Altin">Mustafa Altin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gamze%20Fahriye%20Pehlivan"> Gamze Fahriye Pehlivan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadiye%20Didem%20Boztepe%20Erkis"> Sadiye Didem Boztepe Erkis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakir%20Tasdemir"> Sakir Tasdemir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevda%20Altin"> Sevda Altin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, an experimental study was executed related to the strength of wooden materials which have been commonly used both in the past and present against pressure and whether fire retardant materials used against fire have any effects or not. Totally, 81 samples which included three different wood species, three different sizes, two different fire retardants and two unprocessed samples were prepared. Compressive pressure tests were applied to the prepared samples, their variance analyses were executed in accordance with the obtained results and it was aimed to determine the most convenient wooden materials and fire-retardant coating material. It was also determined that the species of wood and the species of coating caused the decrease and/or increase in the resistance against pressure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance%20of%20wood%20against%20pressure" title="resistance of wood against pressure">resistance of wood against pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species%20of%20wood" title=" species of wood"> species of wood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variance%20analysis" title=" variance analysis"> variance analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20coating" title=" wood coating"> wood coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20fire%20safety" title=" wood fire safety"> wood fire safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19264/the-experimental-and-statistical-analysis-of-the-wood-strength-against-pressure-according-to-different-wood-types-sizes-and-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3832</span> An Experimental Study on the Influence of Mineral Admixtures on the Fire Resistance of High-Strength Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-seok%20Kwon">Ki-seok Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-woo%20Ryu"> Dong-woo Ryu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heung-Youl%20Kim"> Heung-Youl Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although high-strength concrete has many advantages over generic concrete at normal temperatures (around 20℃), it undergoes spalling at high temperatures, which constitutes its structurally fatal drawback. In this study, fire resistance tests were conducted for 3 hours in accordance with ASTM E119 on bearing wall specimens which were 3,000mm x 3,000mm x 300mm in dimensions to investigate the influence the type of admixtures would exert on the fire resistance performance of high-strength concrete. Portland cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash and silica fume were used as admixtures, among which 2 or 3 components were combined to make 7 types of mixtures. In 56MPa specimens, the severity of spalling was in order of SF5 > F25 > S65SF5 > S50. Specimen S50 where an admixture consisting of 2 components was added did not undergo spalling. In 70MPa specimens, the severity of spalling was in order of SF5 > F25SF5 > S45SF5 and the result was similar to that observed in 56MPa specimens. Acknowledgements— This study was conducted by the support of the project, “Development of performance-based fire safety design of the building and improvement of fire safety” (18AUDP-B100356-04) which is under the management of Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement as part of the urban architecture research project for the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, for which we extend our deep thanks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20strength%20concrete" title="high strength concrete">high strength concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20admixture" title=" mineral admixture"> mineral admixture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance" title=" fire resistance"> fire resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20disaster" title=" social disaster"> social disaster</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94099/an-experimental-study-on-the-influence-of-mineral-admixtures-on-the-fire-resistance-of-high-strength-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3831</span> Mechanical Properties of Ancient Timber Structure Based on the Non Destructive Test Method: A Study to Feiyun Building, Shanxi, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Annisa%20Dewanti%20Putri">Annisa Dewanti Putri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Juan"> Wang Juan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Qing%20Shan"> Y. Qing Shan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The structural assessment is one of a crucial part for ancient timber structure, in which this phase will be the reference for the maintenance and preservation phase. The mechanical properties of a structure are one of an important component of the structural assessment of building. Feiyun as one of the particular preserved building in China will become one of the Pioneer of Timber Structure Building Assessment. The 3-storey building which is located in Shanxi Province consists of complex ancient timber structure. Due to condition and preservation purpose, assessments (visual inspections, Non-Destructive Test and a Semi Non-Destructive test) were conducted. The stress wave measurement, moisture content analyzer, and the micro-drilling resistance meter data will overview the prediction of Mechanical Properties. As a result, the mechanical properties can be used for the next phase as reference for structural damage solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ancient%20structure" title="ancient structure">ancient structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20destructive%20test" title=" non destructive test"> non destructive test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20wave" title=" stress wave"> stress wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20assessment" title=" structural assessment"> structural assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20structure" title=" timber structure"> timber structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81641/mechanical-properties-of-ancient-timber-structure-based-on-the-non-destructive-test-method-a-study-to-feiyun-building-shanxi-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3830</span> Engineering Analysis for Fire Safety Using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munirajulu%20M">Munirajulu M</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srikanth%20Modem"> Srikanth Modem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A large cricket stadium with the capacity to accommodate several thousands of spectators has the seating arena consisting of a two-tier arrangement with an upper and a lower bowl and an intermediate concourse podium level for pedestrian movement to access the bowls. The uniqueness of the stadium is that spectators can have an unobstructed view from all around the podium towards the field of play. Upper and lower bowls are connected by stairs. The stairs landing is a precast slab supported by cantilevered steel beams. These steel beams are fixed to precast columns supporting the stadium structure. The stair slabs are precast concrete supported on a landing slab and cantilevered steel beams. During an event of a fire at podium level between two staircases, fire resistance of steel beams is very critical to life safety. If the steel beam loses its strength due to lack of fire resistance, it will be weak in supporting stair slabs and may lead to a hazard in evacuating occupants from the upper bowl to the lower bowl. In this study, to ascertain fire rating and life safety, a performance-based design using CFD analysis is used to evaluate the steel beams' fire resistance. A fire size of 3.5 MW (convective heat output of fire) with a wind speed of 2.57 m/s is considered for fire and smoke simulation. CFD results show that the smoke temperature near the staircase/ around the staircase does not exceed 1500 C for the fire duration considered. The surface temperature of cantilevered steel beams is found to be less than or equal to 1500 C. Since this temperature is much less than the critical failure temperature of steel (5200 C), it is concluded that the design of structural steel supports on the staircase is adequate and does not need additional fire protection such as fire-resistant coating. CFD analysis provided an engineering basis for the performance-based design of steel structural elements and an opportunity to optimize fire protection requirements. Thus, performance-based design using CFD modeling and simulation of fire and smoke is an innovative way to evaluate fire rating requirements, ascertain life safety and optimize the design with regard to fire protection on structural steel elements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance" title="fire resistance">fire resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20safety" title=" life safety"> life safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance-based%20design" title=" performance-based design"> performance-based design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD%20analysis" title=" CFD analysis"> CFD analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139633/engineering-analysis-for-fire-safety-using-computational-fluid-dynamic-cfd" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3829</span> Experimental Analysis of Composite Timber-Concrete Beam with CFRP Reinforcement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Vlcek">O. Vlcek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with current issues in research of advanced methods to increase reliability of traditional timber structural elements. It analyses the issue of strengthening of bent timber beams, such as ceiling beams in old (historical) buildings with additional concrete slab in combination with externally bonded fibre - reinforced polymer. The paper describes experimental testing of composite timber-concrete beam with FRP reinforcement and compares results with FEM analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber-concrete%20composite" title="timber-concrete composite">timber-concrete composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strengthening" title=" strengthening"> strengthening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibre-reinforced%20polymer" title=" fibre-reinforced polymer"> fibre-reinforced polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20analysis" title=" experimental analysis"> experimental analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15691/experimental-analysis-of-composite-timber-concrete-beam-with-cfrp-reinforcement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3828</span> Design and Optimization Fire Alarm System to Protect Gas Condensate Reservoirs With the Use of Nano-Technology </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hefzollah%20Mohammadian">Hefzollah Mohammadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ensieh%20Hajeb"> Ensieh Hajeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Baqer%20Heidari"> Mohamad Baqer Heidari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, for the protection and safety of tanks gases (flammable materials) and also due to the considerable economic value of the reservoir, the new system for the protection, the conservation and fire fighting has been cloned. The system consists of several parts: the Sensors to detect heat and fire with Nanotechnology (nano sensor), Barrier for isolation and protection from a range of two electronic zones, analyzer for detection and locating point of fire accurately, Main electronic board to announce fire, Fault diagnosis in different locations, such as relevant alarms and activate different devices for fire distinguish and announcement. An important feature of this system, high speed and capability of fire detection system in a way that is able to detect the value of the ambient temperature that can be adjusted. Another advantage of this system is autonomous and does not require human operator in place. Using nanotechnology, in addition to speeding up the work, reduces the cost of construction of the sensor and also the notification system and fire extinguish. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analyser" title="analyser">analyser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barrier" title=" barrier"> barrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20resistance" title=" heat resistance"> heat resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20fault" title=" general fault"> general fault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20alarm" title=" general alarm"> general alarm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20sensor" title=" nano sensor"> nano sensor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36332/design-and-optimization-fire-alarm-system-to-protect-gas-condensate-reservoirs-with-the-use-of-nano-technology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3827</span> Performance of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Containing Recycled Ceramic and Gypsum Waste as Partial Replacement for Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Efil%20Yusrianto">Efil Yusrianto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noraini%20Marsi"> Noraini Marsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noraniah%20Kassim"> Noraniah Kassim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izzati%20Abdul%20Manaf"> Izzati Abdul Manaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafizuddin%20Hakim%20Shariff"> Hafizuddin Hakim Shariff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, municipal solid waste (MSW), noise pollution, and attack fire are three ongoing issues for inhabitants of urban including in Malaysia. To solve these issues, eco-friendly autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) containing recycled ceramic and gypsum waste (CGW) as a partial replacement for sand with different ratios (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% wt) has been prepared. The performance of samples, such as the physical, mechanical, sound absorption coefficient, and direct fire resistance, has been investigated. All samples showed normal color behavior, i.e., grey and free crack. The compressive strength was increased in the range of 6.10% to 29.88%. The maximum value of compressive strength was 2.13MPa for 15% wt of CGW. The positive effect of CGW on the compressive strength of AAC has also been confirmed by crystalline phase and microstructure analysis. The acoustic performances, such as sound absorption coefficients of samples at low frequencies (500Hz), are higher than the reference sample (RS). AAC-CGW samples are categorized as AAC material classes B and C. The fire resistance results showed the physical surface of the samples had a free crack and was not burned during the direct fire at 950ºC for 300s. The results showed that CGW succeeded in enhancing the performance of fresh AAC, such as compressive strength, crystalline phase, sound absorption coefficient, and fire resistance of samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical" title="physical">physical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical" title=" mechanical"> mechanical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic" title=" acoustic"> acoustic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20fire%20resistance%20performance" title=" direct fire resistance performance"> direct fire resistance performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoclaved%20aerated%20concrete" title=" autoclaved aerated concrete"> autoclaved aerated concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20ceramic-gypsum%20waste" title=" recycled ceramic-gypsum waste"> recycled ceramic-gypsum waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167102/performance-of-autoclaved-aerated-concrete-containing-recycled-ceramic-and-gypsum-waste-as-partial-replacement-for-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3826</span> Adhesive Connections in Timber: A Comparison between Rough and Smooth Wood Bonding Surfaces </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20Di%20Maria">Valentina Di Maria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anton%20Ianakiev"> Anton Ianakiev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of adhesive anchors for wooden constructions is an efficient technology to connect and design timber members in new timber structures and to rehabilitate the damaged structural members of historical buildings. Due to the lack of standard regulation in this specific area of structural design, designers’ choices are still supported by test analysis that enables knowledge, and the prediction, of the structural behavior of glued in rod joints. The paper outlines an experimental research activity aimed at identifying the tensile resistance capacity of several new adhesive joint prototypes made of epoxy resin, steel bar and timber, Oak and Douglas Fir species. The development of new adhesive connectors has been carried out by using epoxy to glue stainless steel bars into pre-drilled holes, characterized by smooth and rough internal surfaces, in timber samples. The realization of a threaded contact surface using a specific drill bit has led to an improved bond between wood and epoxy. The applied changes have also reduced the cost of the joints’ production. The paper presents the results of this parametric analysis and a Finite Element analysis that enables identification and study of the internal stress distribution in the proposed adhesive anchors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glued%20in%20rod%20joints" title="glued in rod joints">glued in rod joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adhesive%20anchors" title=" adhesive anchors"> adhesive anchors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber" title=" timber"> timber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy" title=" epoxy"> epoxy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rough%20contact%20surface" title="rough contact surface">rough contact surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threaded%20hole%20shape" title=" threaded hole shape"> threaded hole shape</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22485/adhesive-connections-in-timber-a-comparison-between-rough-and-smooth-wood-bonding-surfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">551</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3825</span> Design, Analysis and Simulation of a Lightweight Fire-Resistant Door</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Fadhil%20Al%20Toki">Zainab Fadhil Al Toki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nader%20Ghareeb"> Nader Ghareeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates how lightweight a fire resistance door will perform with under types of insulation materials. Data is initially collected from various websites, scientific books and research papers. Results show that different layers of insulation in a single door can perform better than one insulator. Furthermore, insulation materials that are lightweight, high strength and low thermal conductivity are the most preferred for fire-rated doors. Whereas heavy weight, low strength, and high thermal conductivity are least preferred for fire resistance doors. Fire-rated door specifications, theoretical test methodology, structural analysis, and comparison between five different models with diverse layers insulations are presented. Five different door models are being investigated with different insulation materials and arrangements. Model 1 contains an air gap between door layers. Model 2 includes phenolic foam, mild steel and polyurethane. Model 3 includes phenolic foam and glass wool. Model 4 includes polyurethane and glass wool. Model 5 includes only rock wool between the door layers. It is noticed that model 5 is the most efficient model, and its design is simple compared to other models. For this model, numerical calculations are performed to check its efficiency and the results are compared to data from experiments for validation. Good agreement was noticed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance" title="fire resistance">fire resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulation" title=" insulation"> insulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight" title=" lightweight"> lightweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layers" title=" layers"> layers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186476/design-analysis-and-simulation-of-a-lightweight-fire-resistant-door" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3824</span> The Importance of Fire Safety in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Shakra">Omar Shakra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper contains a huge number of benefits that we can use it in several places and times in fire safety protection in the Middle East especially in Egypt . People here in Egypt did not consider the safety and fire protection as important as it is. But on the other hand, its very important for them to contain the fire systems and safety in every facility, the companies , hospitals , police stations , and even the super markets must use the fire system. It makes the facility safe to the visitors while they are using it.From my point of view as the owner Fire Safety Company called Deluge Egypt , i can say that not all of the companies use the fire system protection according to the high cost they prefer to build their company without the protection, and this is make the building totally unsafe to be used from the visitors or client.So, i am looking for new methods and technology to invest in Egypt, and this is through attending this Conference and let the audiences know more about the services i provide and [to let them know about the importance of the Fire Safety in Egypt. The Objectives of my research 1- The system that i used in my Company. 2- The benefits of the Fire System Protection. 3-The importance of the Fire System and safety. 4-The use of the new Technologies. 5-The hardships that i found while having new deals with new clients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire" title="fire">fire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system" title=" system"> system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection" title=" protection"> protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20hydrants" title=" fire hydrants"> fire hydrants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alarms" title=" alarms"> alarms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171993/the-importance-of-fire-safety-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171993.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3823</span> Behavior of Composite Timber-Concrete Beam with CFRP Reinforcement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Vlcek">O. Vlcek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper deals with current issues in the research of advanced methods to increase the reliability of traditional timber structural elements. It analyses the issue of strengthening of bent timber beams, such as ceiling beams in old (historical) buildings with the additional concrete slab in combination with externally bonded fibre-reinforced polymer. The study evaluates deflection of a selected group of timber beams with concrete slab and additional CFRP reinforcement using different calculating methods and observes differences in results from different calculating methods. An elastic calculation method and evaluation with FEM analysis software were used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber-concrete%20composite" title="timber-concrete composite">timber-concrete composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strengthening" title=" strengthening"> strengthening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibre-reinforced%20polymer" title=" fibre-reinforced polymer"> fibre-reinforced polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20analysis" title=" theoretical analysis"> theoretical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1859/behavior-of-composite-timber-concrete-beam-with-cfrp-reinforcement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3822</span> Design and Analysis of a Lightweight Fire-Resistant Door</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zainab%20Fadil">Zainab Fadil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouath%20Alawadhi"> Mouath Alawadhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Alhusainan"> Abdullah Alhusainan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Alqadiri"> Fahad Alqadiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulaziz%20Alqadiri"> Abdulaziz Alqadiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates how lightweight a fire resistance door will perform with under types of insulation materials. Data is initially collected from various websites, scientific books and research papers. Results show that different layers of insulation in a single door can perform better than one insulator. Furthermore, insulation materials that are lightweight, high strength and low thermal conductivity are the most preferred for fire-rated doors. Whereas heavy weight, low strength, and high thermal conductivity are least preferred for fire-resistance doors. Fire-rated doors specifications, theoretical test methodology, structural analysis, and comparison between five different models with diverse layers insulations are presented. Five different door models are being investigated with different insulation materials and arrangements. Model 1 contains an air gap between door layers. Model 2 includes phenolic foam, mild steel and polyurethane. Model 3 includes phenolic foam and glass wool. Model 4 includes polyurethane and glass wool. Model 5 includes only rock wool between the door layers. It is noticed that model 5 is the most efficient model and its design is simple compared to other models. For this model, numerical calculations are performed to check its efficiency and the results are compared to data from experiments for validation. Good agreement was noticed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance" title="fire resistance">fire resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulation" title=" insulation"> insulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightweight" title=" lightweight"> lightweight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layers" title=" layers"> layers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165926/design-and-analysis-of-a-lightweight-fire-resistant-door" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3821</span> Prospective Future of Frame Fire Tests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung-Hao%20Wu">Chung-Hao Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tung-Dju%20Lin"> Tung-Dju Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming-Chin%20Ho"> Ming-Chin Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minehiro%20Nishiyama"> Minehiro Nishiyama </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses reported fire tests of concrete beams and columns, future fire tests of beam/column frames, and an innovative concept for designing a beam/column furnace. The proposed furnace could be designed to maximize the efficiency of fire test procedures and minimize the cost of furnace construction and fuel consumption. ASTM E119 and ISO 834 standards were drafted based on prescriptive codes and have several weaknesses. The first involves a provision allowing the support regions of a test element to be protected from fire exposure. The second deals with the L/30 deflection end point instead of the structural end point (collapse) in order to protect the hydraulic rams from fire damage. Furthermore, designers commonly use the measured fire endurances of interior columns to assess fire ratings of edge and corner columns of the same building. The validity of such an engineering practice is theoretically unsound. Performance-Based Codes (PBC) require verification tests of structural frames including the beam/column joints to overcome these weaknesses but allow the use of element test data as reference only. In the last 30 years, PBC have gained global popularity because the innovative design and flexibility in achieving an ultimate performance goal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance" title="fire resistance">fire resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20structure" title=" concrete structure"> concrete structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%2Fcolumn%20frame" title=" beam/column frame"> beam/column frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20tests" title=" fire tests"> fire tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33556/prospective-future-of-frame-fire-tests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33556.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3820</span> High Performance Wood Shear Walls and Dissipative Anchors for Damage Limitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vera%20Wilden">Vera Wilden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benno%20Hoffmeister"> Benno Hoffmeister</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Georgios%20%20Balaskas"> Georgios Balaskas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukas%20Rauber"> Lukas Rauber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burkhard%20Walter"> Burkhard Walter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Light-weight timber frame elements represent an efficient structural solution for wooden multistory buildings. The wall elements of such buildings – which act as shear diaphragms- provide lateral stiffness and resistance to wind and seismic loads. The tendency towards multi-story structures leads to challenges regarding the prediction of stiffness, strength and ductility of the buildings. Lightweight timber frame elements are built up of several structural parts (sheeting, fasteners, frame, support and anchorages); each of them contributing to the dynamic response of the structure. This contribution describes the experimental and numerical investigation and development of enhanced lightweight timber frame buildings. These developments comprise high-performance timber frame walls with the variable arrangements of sheathing planes and dissipative anchors at the base of the timber buildings, which reduce damages to the timber structure and can be exchanged after significant earthquakes. In order to prove the performance of the developed elements in the context of a real building a full-scale two-story building core was designed and erected in the laboratory and tested experimentally for its seismic performance. The results of the tests and a comparison of the test results to the predicted behavior are presented. Observation during the test also reveals some aspects of the design and details which need to consider in the application of the timber walls in the context of the complete building. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissipative%20anchoring" title="dissipative anchoring">dissipative anchoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=full%20scale%20test" title=" full scale test"> full scale test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=push-over-test" title=" push-over-test"> push-over-test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20shear%20walls" title=" wood shear walls"> wood shear walls</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139541/high-performance-wood-shear-walls-and-dissipative-anchors-for-damage-limitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3819</span> Investigation on the Fire Resistance of Ultra-High Performance Concrete with Natural Fibers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Zhang">Dong Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang%20Hai%20Tan"> Kang Hai Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aravind%20Dasari"> Aravind Dasari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Increasing concern on environmental sustainability and waste management has driven the construction and building sector towards renewable materials. In this work, we have explored the usage of natural fibers as an alternative to synthetic fibers like polypropylene (PP) in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). PP fibers are incorporated into concrete to resist explosive thermal spalling of UHPC during a fire exposure scenario. Experimental studies on the effect of natural fiber on the mechanical properties and spalling resistance of UHCP were conducted. The residual mechanical properties of UHPC with natural fibers were tested after heating to different temperatures. Spalling behavior of UHPC with natural fibers is also assessed by heating the samples according to ISO 834 fire curve. A range of analytical, physical and microscopic characterization techniques was also used on the concrete samples before and after being subjected to elevated temperature to investigate the phase and microstructural change of the sample. The findings show that natural fibers are able to improve fire resistance of UHPC. Adding natural fibers can prevent UHPC from spalling at high temperature. This study provides an alternative, which is at low cost and environmentally friendly, to prevent spalling of UHPC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20temperature" title="high temperature">high temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20fiber" title=" natural fiber"> natural fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spalling" title=" spalling"> spalling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra-high%20performance%20concrete" title=" ultra-high performance concrete"> ultra-high performance concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108461/investigation-on-the-fire-resistance-of-ultra-high-performance-concrete-with-natural-fibers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3818</span> Numerical Study of Fire Propagation in Confined and Open Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadj%20Miloua">Hadj Miloua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbes%20Azzi"> Abbes Azzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the present paper is to understand, predict and modeled the fire behavior in confined and open area in different conditions and diverse fuels such as liquid pool fire and the vegetative materials. The distinctive problems are a ventilated road tunnel used for urban transport, by the characterization installations of ventilation and his influence in the mode of smoke dispersion and the flame shape. A general investigation is relatively traditional, based on the modeling and simulation the scenario of the pool fire interacted with wind ventilation by the use of numerical software fire dynamic simulator FDS ver.5 to simulate the fire in ventilated tunnel. The second simulation by WFDS.5 is Wildland fire which is always occurs in forest and rangeland fire environments and will thus have an impact on people, property and resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire" title="fire">fire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20tunnel" title=" road tunnel"> road tunnel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetation" title=" vegetation"> vegetation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wildland" title=" wildland"> wildland</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18967/numerical-study-of-fire-propagation-in-confined-and-open-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">514</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3817</span> Impact of an Onboard Fire for the Evacuation of a Rolling Stock</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guillaume%20Craveur">Guillaume Craveur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study highlights the impact of an onboard fire for the evacuation of a rolling stock. Two fires models are achieved. The first one is a zone model realized with the CFAST software. Then, this fire is imported in a building EXODUS model in order to determine the evacuation time with effects of fire effluents (temperature, smoke opacity, smoke toxicity) on passengers. The second fire is achieved with Fire Dynamics Simulator software. The fire defined is directly imported in the FDS+Evac model which will permit to determine the evacuation time and effects of fire effluents on passengers. These effects will be compared with tenability criteria defined in some standards in order to see if the situation is acceptable. Different power of fire will be underlined to see from what power source the hazard become unacceptable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20safety%20engineering" title="fire safety engineering">fire safety engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20tools" title=" numerical tools"> numerical tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rolling%20stock" title=" rolling stock"> rolling stock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evacuation" title=" evacuation"> evacuation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73910/impact-of-an-onboard-fire-for-the-evacuation-of-a-rolling-stock" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20fire%20resistance&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20fire%20resistance&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20fire%20resistance&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20fire%20resistance&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20fire%20resistance&page=6">6</a></li> <li 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