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</div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Brisbane</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a></li> <li class="minerva__tab "><a class="minerva__tab-text" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a></li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Brisbane&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> This article is about the metropolis in Australia. For the local government area, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Brisbane">City of Brisbane</a>. For other uses, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_(disambiguation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Brisbane (disambiguation)">Brisbane (disambiguation)</a>. </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> Brisbane (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈbrɪzbən/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5b\/En-au-Brisbane.oga\/En-au-Brisbane.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-au-Brisbane.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/En-au-Brisbane.oga/En-au-Brisbane.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:En-au-Brisbane.oga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="File:En-au-Brisbane.oga">ⓘ</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">BRIZ-bən</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turrbal_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turrbal language">Turrbal</a>: Meanjin) is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Australian_capital_cities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of Australian capital cities">capital</a> and largest city of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="States and territories of Australia">state</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland">Queensland</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-qpn-11">[11]</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Australia_by_population?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of cities in Australia by population">third-most populous city</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oceania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>, with a population over 2.7 million.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-abs.gov.au-1">[1]</a> Brisbane lies at the centre of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_East_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South East Queensland">South East Queensland</a>, an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urban_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urban area">urban agglomeration</a> with a population of approximately 4 million which includes several other regional centres and cities. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_central_business_district?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane central business district">central business district</a> is situated within a peninsula of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane River</a> about 15 km (9 mi) from its mouth at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Bay">Moreton Bay</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Brisbane is located in the hilly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Floodplain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Floodplain">floodplain</a> of the Brisbane River Valley between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Island">Moreton Island</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taylor_Range?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taylor Range">Taylor</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%27Aguilar_Range?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="D'Aguilar Range">D'Aguilar</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mountain_range?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mountain range">mountain ranges</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a> It sprawls across several <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Local_government_in_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Local government in Australia">local government areas</a>, most centrally the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Brisbane">City of Brisbane</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demonym?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demonym">demonym</a> of Brisbane is Brisbanite.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <table class="infobox vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3em; background-color:#f9f6d2;">Brisbane <div style="font-weight:normal;font-size:88%"> Meanjin (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turrbal_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turrbal language">Turrbal</a>) </div><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland">Queensland</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Brisbane_CBD_from_Southbank_in_July_2024.jpg/268px-Brisbane_CBD_from_Southbank_in_July_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Brisbane_CBD_from_Southbank_in_July_2024.jpg/402px-Brisbane_CBD_from_Southbank_in_July_2024.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Brisbane_CBD_from_Southbank_in_July_2024.jpg/536px-Brisbane_CBD_from_Southbank_in_July_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3865" data-file-height="2597"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_central_business_district?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane central business district">Brisbane central business district</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:84px;max-width:84px"> <div style="height:147px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Brisbane_City_Hall,_February_2023_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Brisbane City Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Brisbane_City_Hall%2C_February_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg/82px-Brisbane_City_Hall%2C_February_2023_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Brisbane_City_Hall%252C_February_2023_%2528cropped%2529.jpg/123px-Brisbane_City_Hall%252C_February_2023_%2528cropped%2529.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Brisbane_City_Hall%252C_February_2023_%2528cropped%2529.jpg/164px-Brisbane_City_Hall%252C_February_2023_%2528cropped%2529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1780" data-file-height="3192"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_City_Hall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane City Hall">Brisbane City Hall</a> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:85px;max-width:85px"> <div style="height:147px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:St_John%27s_Cathedral,_Brisbane,_in_2020,_03_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="St John's Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/St_John%27s_Cathedral%2C_Brisbane%2C_in_2020%2C_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/83px-St_John%27s_Cathedral%2C_Brisbane%2C_in_2020%2C_03_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/St_John%2527s_Cathedral%252C_Brisbane%252C_in_2020%252C_03_%2528cropped%2529.jpg/125px-St_John%2527s_Cathedral%252C_Brisbane%252C_in_2020%252C_03_%2528cropped%2529.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/St_John%2527s_Cathedral%252C_Brisbane%252C_in_2020%252C_03_%2528cropped%2529.jpg/166px-St_John%2527s_Cathedral%252C_Brisbane%252C_in_2020%252C_03_%2528cropped%2529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1321" data-file-height="2342"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_John%27s_Cathedral_(Brisbane)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St John's Cathedral (Brisbane)">St John's Cathedral</a> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:97px;max-width:97px"> <div style="height:147px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Wheel_of_Brisbane_Southbank_from_Victoria_Bridge_Brisbane_P1220398_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Wheel of Brisbane" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Wheel_of_Brisbane_Southbank_from_Victoria_Bridge_Brisbane_P1220398_%28cropped%29.jpg/95px-Wheel_of_Brisbane_Southbank_from_Victoria_Bridge_Brisbane_P1220398_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Wheel_of_Brisbane_Southbank_from_Victoria_Bridge_Brisbane_P1220398_%2528cropped%2529.jpg/143px-Wheel_of_Brisbane_Southbank_from_Victoria_Bridge_Brisbane_P1220398_%2528cropped%2529.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Wheel_of_Brisbane_Southbank_from_Victoria_Bridge_Brisbane_P1220398_%2528cropped%2529.jpg/190px-Wheel_of_Brisbane_Southbank_from_Victoria_Bridge_Brisbane_P1220398_%2528cropped%2529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="2400"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wheel_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wheel of Brisbane">Wheel of Brisbane</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"> <div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Treasury_Casino_Brisbane.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Treasury Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Treasury_Casino_Brisbane.jpg/140px-Treasury_Casino_Brisbane.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Treasury_Casino_Brisbane.jpg/210px-Treasury_Casino_Brisbane.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Treasury_Casino_Brisbane.jpg/280px-Treasury_Casino_Brisbane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Treasury_Building,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Treasury Building, Brisbane">Treasury Building</a> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"> <div style="height:93px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Queensland_Gallery_of_Modern_Art_at_dusk,_Brisbane,_2019.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Gallery of Modern Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Queensland_Gallery_of_Modern_Art_at_dusk%2C_Brisbane%2C_2019.jpg/124px-Queensland_Gallery_of_Modern_Art_at_dusk%2C_Brisbane%2C_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Queensland_Gallery_of_Modern_Art_at_dusk%252C_Brisbane%252C_2019.jpg/186px-Queensland_Gallery_of_Modern_Art_at_dusk%252C_Brisbane%252C_2019.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Queensland_Gallery_of_Modern_Art_at_dusk%252C_Brisbane%252C_2019.jpg/248px-Queensland_Gallery_of_Modern_Art_at_dusk%252C_Brisbane%252C_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3722" data-file-height="2792"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gallery_of_Modern_Art,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane">Gallery of Modern Art</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"> <div style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Michaelmano-story-bridge.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Story Bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Michaelmano-story-bridge.jpg/268px-Michaelmano-story-bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Michaelmano-story-bridge.jpg/402px-Michaelmano-story-bridge.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Michaelmano-story-bridge.jpg/536px-Michaelmano-story-bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1367"></a> </div> <div class="text-align-center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Story_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Story Bridge">Story Bridge</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane River</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Map_of_Brisbane_free_and_printable.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Brisbane metropolitan area" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Map_of_Brisbane_free_and_printable.svg/270px-Map_of_Brisbane_free_and_printable.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Map_of_Brisbane_free_and_printable.svg/405px-Map_of_Brisbane_free_and_printable.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Map_of_Brisbane_free_and_printable.svg/540px-Map_of_Brisbane_free_and_printable.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2205" data-file-height="2166"></a> <div class="infobox-caption"> Map of the Brisbane metropolitan area </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style> <div class="center"> <div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"> <div style="width:270px;padding:0"> <div style="position:relative;width:270px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Australia_relief_map.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Brisbane is located in Australia"><img alt="Brisbane is located in Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Australia_relief_map.jpg/270px-Australia_relief_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Australia_relief_map.jpg/405px-Australia_relief_map.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Australia_relief_map.jpg/540px-Australia_relief_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1336" data-file-height="1200"></a> <div class="od notheme" style="top:52.022%;left:95.467%;font-size:91%"> <div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"> <img alt="Brisbane" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </div> <div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"> <div> Brisbane </div> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#f9f6d2;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename%3DBrisbane%26params%3D27_28_04_S_153_01_41_E_type:city(2,600,000)_region:AU-QLD">27°28′04″S 153°01′41″E / 27.46778°S 153.02806°E / -27.46778; 153.02806</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#f9f6d2;">Population</th> <td class="infobox-data">2,706,966 (2023)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-abs.gov.au-1">[1]</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Australia_by_population?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of cities in Australia by population">3rd</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#f9f6d2;"> • Density</th> <td class="infobox-data">159/km2 (410/sq mi) <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto5-2">[2]</a> (2021 GCCSA)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#f9f6d2;">Established</th> <td class="infobox-data">May 1825; 199 years ago (1825-05) (exact date unknown) <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#f9f6d2;">Elevation</th> <td class="infobox-data">32 m (105 ft)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#f9f6d2;">Area</th> <td class="infobox-data">15,842 km2 (6,116.6 sq mi)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto5-2">[2]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#f9f6d2;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Time_in_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Time in Australia">Time zone</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AEST?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="AEST">AEST</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UTC%2B10:00?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UTC+10:00">UTC+10:00</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#f9f6d2;">Location</th> <td class="infobox-data"> <ul style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"> <li>910 km (565 mi) N of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sydney?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sydney">Sydney</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li> <li>945 km (587 mi) NNE of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canberra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canberra">Canberra</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li> <li>1,374 km (854 mi) NNE of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Melbourne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li> <li>1,600 km (994 mi) NE of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adelaide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li> <li>3,604 km (2,239 mi) ENE of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perth">Perth</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#f9f6d2;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Local government areas of Queensland">LGA(s)</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"> <div> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Brisbane">City of Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Ipswich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Ipswich">City of Ipswich</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lockyer_Valley_Region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lockyer Valley Region">Lockyer Valley Region</a> (partial)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logan_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logan City">Logan City</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Moreton_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Moreton Bay">City of Moreton Bay</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Redland_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redland City">Redland City</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scenic_Rim_Region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scenic Rim Region">Scenic Rim Region</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Somerset_Region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Somerset Region">Somerset Region</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#f9f6d2;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of regions of Australia">Region</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_East_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South East Queensland">South East Queensland</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#f9f6d2;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lands_administrative_divisions_of_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lands administrative divisions of Australia">County</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/County_of_Stanley,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="County of Stanley, Queensland">Stanley</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/County_of_Canning?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="County of Canning">Canning</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/County_of_Cavendish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="County of Cavendish">Cavendish</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/County_of_Churchill,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="County of Churchill, Queensland">Churchill</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/County_of_Ward,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="County of Ward, Queensland">Ward</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#f9f6d2;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Electorates_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Electorates of the Australian states and territories">State electorate(s)</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Electoral_districts_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Electoral districts of Queensland">41 divisions</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#f9f6d2;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Divisions_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives">Federal division(s)</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Divisions_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives">17 divisions</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; border: 1px #ddd solid;"> <tbody> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="background-color:#f0f0ff;border: 1px #FFF solid; text-align:center; width:33%;">Mean max temp</td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0ff;border: 1px #FFF solid; text-align:center; width:34%;">Mean min temp</td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0ff;border: 1px #FFF solid; text-align:center; width:33%;">Annual rainfall</td> </tr> <tr style="border: 1px #FFF solid" class="mergedrow"> <td style="padding: 2px 0px; text-align:center; width:33%;">26.6 °C 80 °F</td> <td style="padding: 2px 0px; text-align:center; width:34%;">16.4 °C 62 °F</td> <td style="padding: 2px 0px; text-align:center; width:33%;">1,012 mm 39.8 in</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Bay_penal_settlement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Moreton Bay penal settlement">Moreton Bay penal settlement</a> was founded in 1824 at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Redcliffe,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redcliffe, Queensland">Redcliffe</a> as a place for secondary offenders from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sydney?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sydney">Sydney colony</a>, and soon moved to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Quay,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Quay, Brisbane">North Quay</a> in 1825 on the banks of the Brisbane River, so named for British army general and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Governor_of_New_South_Wales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Governor of New South Wales">Governor of New South Wales</a> Sir <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Brisbane">Thomas Brisbane</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lutheranism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lutheranism">German Lutherans</a> established the first free settlement of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zion_Hill_Mission?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zion Hill Mission">Zion Hill</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nundah,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nundah, Queensland">Nundah</a> in 1838, and in 1859 Brisbane was chosen as Queensland's capital when <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Separation_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Separation of Queensland">the state separated</a> from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_South_Wales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>. By the late 19th century, the city had grown into a major <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port">port</a> and centre of immigration. During <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_War_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> command in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_West_Pacific_Area_(command)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="South West Pacific Area (command)">South West Pacific</a> was based in the city, along with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MacArthur_Chambers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MacArthur Chambers">headquarters</a> for General <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Douglas MacArthur">Douglas MacArthur</a> of the United States Army.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Brisbane is a global centre for research and innovation<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[19]</a> and is a transportation hub, being served by large <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Rail_City_network?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland Rail City network">rail</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Busways_in_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Busways in Brisbane">bus</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RiverCity_Ferries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="RiverCity Ferries">ferry</a> networks, as well as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Airport">Brisbane Airport</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port of Brisbane">Port of Brisbane</a>, Australia's third-busiest airport and seaport. A diverse city with over 36% of its metropolitan population being foreign-born, Brisbane is frequently ranked highly in lists of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Most_livable_cities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Most livable cities">most liveable cities</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Brisbane has hosted major events including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1982 Commonwealth Games">1982 Commonwealth Games</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Expo_88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Expo 88">World Expo 88</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2001_Goodwill_Games?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2001 Goodwill Games">2001 Goodwill Games</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2014_G20_Brisbane_summit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2014 G20 Brisbane summit">2014 G20 summit</a>, and will host the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032 Summer Olympics</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2032_Summer_Paralympics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2032 Summer Paralympics">Paralympics</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Brisbane is one of Australia's most <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tourism_in_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tourism in Brisbane">popular tourist destinations</a> and is Australia's most <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biodiversity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biodiversity">biodiverse</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sustainable_city?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sustainable city">greenest city</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank, Queensland">South Bank</a> and its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank_Parklands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank Parklands">extensive parklands</a> is the most visited tourist landmark in Australia, with over 14 million visitors every year.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Other major landmarks and precincts of the city include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Cultural_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Cultural Centre">Queensland Cultural Centre</a> (including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Art_Gallery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Art Gallery">Queensland Art Gallery</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gallery_of_Modern_Art,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane">Gallery of Modern Art</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Museum">Queensland Museum</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_Library_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State Library of Queensland">State Library of Queensland</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Performing_Arts_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Performing Arts Centre">Queensland Performing Arts Centre</a>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_City_Hall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane City Hall">Brisbane City Hall</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Story_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Story Bridge">Story Bridge</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Howard_Smith_Wharves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Howard Smith Wharves">Howard Smith Wharves</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen%27s_Wharf,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen's Wharf, Brisbane">Queen's Wharf</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_John%27s_Cathedral_(Brisbane)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St John's Cathedral (Brisbane)">St John's cathedral</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Coot-tha_Lookout?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Coot-tha Lookout">Mount Coot-tha Lookout</a>. Much of Brisbane's inner-city neighbourhoods are also characterised by its historic <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queenslander_(architecture)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queenslander (architecture)">Queenslander architecture</a>. Brisbane is also known for its extensive parks and outdoor attractions including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_Botanic_Gardens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City Botanic Gardens">City Botanic Gardens</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victoria_Park,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victoria Park, Brisbane">Victoria Park</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Street_Parkland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Street Parkland">Roma Street Parkland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Farm_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Farm Park">New Farm Park</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Botanic_Gardens,_Mount_Coot-tha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mount Coot-tha">Mount Coot-tha Botanic Gardens</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Brisbane_Riverwalk" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane Riverwalk</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Bay">Moreton Bay</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Island">Moreton Island</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%27Aguilar_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="D'Aguilar National Park">D'Aguilar National Park</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Name">1 Name</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pre-colonisation">2.1 Pre-colonisation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#18th_and_19th_centuries">2.2 18th and 19th centuries</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#20th_century">2.3 20th century</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#21st_century">2.4 21st century</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geography_and_environment">3 Geography and environment</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ecology">3.1 Ecology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Climate">3.2 Climate</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Urban_structure">4 Urban structure</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Parklands">4.1 Parklands</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Architecture">4.2 Architecture</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Demographics">5 Demographics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ancestry_and_immigration">5.1 Ancestry and immigration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Language">5.2 Language</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Religion">5.3 Religion</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Economy">6 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Retail">6.1 Retail</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Culture_and_sport">7 Culture and sport</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Annual_events">7.1 Annual events</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sport">7.2 Sport</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tourism_and_recreation">8 Tourism and recreation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Governance">9 Governance</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Politics">9.1 Politics</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Education">10 Education</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Infrastructure">11 Infrastructure</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Transport">11.1 Transport</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Roads">11.1.1 Roads</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bridges">11.1.2 Bridges</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rail">11.1.3 Rail</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bus">11.1.4 Bus</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ferry">11.1.5 Ferry</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pedestrian">11.1.6 Pedestrian</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Airports">11.1.7 Airports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Seaport">11.1.8 Seaport</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Healthcare">11.2 Healthcare</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Other_utilities">11.3 Other utilities</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Media">12 Media</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Print">12.1 Print</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Television">12.2 Television</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Radio">12.3 Radio</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sister_cities">13 Sister cities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">14 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Explanatory_notes">15 Explanatory notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">16 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">17 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Name">Name</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Name" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Brisbane is named after the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane River</a>, which in turn was named after <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Brisbane">Sir Thomas Brisbane</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Governor_of_New_South_Wales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Governor of New South Wales">governor of New South Wales</a> from 1821 to 1825.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The name is derived from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> bris, meaning 'to break or smash' and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Old_English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Old English">Old English</a> word ban meaning '<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bone">bone</a>'.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Popular nicknames for Brisbane Brissie, Brisvegas, "Brizzie" and the River City.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-trove-30">[30]</a> Brisbane sits on indigenous land known also as Meanjin, the name used in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turrbal_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turrbal language">Turrbal language</a> of one group of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_owners?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional owners">traditional owners</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Meanjin means 'place shaped as a spike', referencing the shape of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane River</a> along the area that Brisbane CBD now straddles.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PetrieMeanjin-35">[35]</a> A contemporary Turrbal organisation has also suggested it means 'the place of the blue water lilies'.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Local Elder Gaja Kerry Charlton posits that Meanjin is based on a European understanding of 'spike', and that the phonetically similar <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yagara_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Yagara language">Yagara</a> name Magandjin — after the native <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harpullia_pendula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harpullia pendula">tulipwood trees</a> (magan) at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gardens_Point,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gardens Point, Brisbane">Gardens Point</a> — is a more accurate and appropriate Aboriginal name for Brisbane.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-magandjin-37">[37]</a> Aboriginal groups claiming <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traditional_owners?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional owners">traditional ownership</a> of the area include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jagera_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jagera people">Yagara</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turrbal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turrbal">Turrbal</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quandamooka_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quandamooka people">Quandamooka</a> peoples.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Brisbane is home to the land of a number of Aboriginal language groups, primarily the Yagara language group which includes the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turrbal_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turrbal language">Turrbal language</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The city is also known as Meanjin, a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turrbal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turrbal">Turrbal</a> word that originally referred to land on which parts of the city are built,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PetrieMeanjin-35">[35]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[46]</a> or as Magandjin, a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yagara_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Yagara language">Yagara</a> word referring to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harpullia_pendula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harpullia pendula">tulipwood tree</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-magandjin-37">[37]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="History of Brisbane">History of Brisbane</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> For a chronological guide, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Timeline_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Timeline of Brisbane">Timeline of Brisbane</a>. </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pre-colonisation">Pre-colonisation</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Pre-colonisation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_Indigenous_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="History of Indigenous Australians">History of Indigenous Australians</a> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a> have lived in coastal South East Queensland for at least 22,000 years, with an estimated population between 6,000 and 10,000 individuals before <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1788%E2%80%931850)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="History of Australia (1788–1850)">European settlement</a> in the 1820s.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Aboriginal groups claiming traditional ownership of the area include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yagara_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Yagara people">Yagara</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turrbal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turrbal">Turrbal</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quandamooka_people?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quandamooka people">Quandamooka</a> peoples.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:2-49">[49]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:3-50">[50]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:4-51">[51]</a> A website representing a Turrbal culture organisation claims that historical documents suggest that the Turrbal peoples were the only traditional owners of Brisbane when British settlers first arrived.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Archaeological evidence suggests frequent habitation around the Brisbane River, and notably at the site now known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musgrave_Park,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Musgrave Park, Brisbane">Musgrave Park</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The rivers were integral to life and supplied an abundance of food included fish, shellfish, crab, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prawn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prawn">prawns</a>. Good fishing places became campsites and the focus of group activities. The district was defined by open woodlands with rainforest in some pockets or bends of the Brisbane River.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Being a resource-rich area and a natural avenue for seasonal movement, Meanjin and the surrounding areas acted as a way station for groups travelling to ceremonies and spectacles. The region had several large (200–600 person) seasonal camps, the biggest and most important located along waterways north and south of the current city heart: Barambin or York's Hollow camp (today's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victoria_Park,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victoria Park, Brisbane">Victoria Park</a>) and Woolloon-cappem (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Woolloongabba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Woolloongabba">Woolloongabba</a>/<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="South Brisbane">South Brisbane</a>), also known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kurilpa_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Naming_competition" title="Kurilpa Bridge">Kurilpa</a>. These camping grounds continued to function well into colonial times, and were the basis of European settlement in parts of Brisbane.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="18th_and_19th_centuries">18th and 19th centuries</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: 18th and 19th centuries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main articles: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/European_maritime_exploration_of_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="European maritime exploration of Australia">European maritime exploration of Australia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Bay_Penal_Settlement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Bay Penal Settlement">Moreton Bay Penal Settlement</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Early_Streets_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Early Streets of Brisbane">Early Streets of Brisbane</a> </div> In 1770, British navigator <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Cook?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> sailed through South Passage between the main offshore islands leading to the bay, which he named after <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Douglas,_14th_Earl_of_Morton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton">James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton</a>, misspelled as "Moreton".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matthew_Flinders?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matthew Flinders">Matthew Flinders</a> initially explored the Moreton Bay area on behalf of the British authorities. On 17 July 1799, Flinders landed at present-day <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Woody_Point,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Woody Point, Queensland">Woody Point</a>, which he named Red Cliff Point after the red-coloured cliffs visible from the bay.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In 1823 the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Thomas Brisbane, gave instructions for the development of a new northern <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Convicts in Australia">penal settlement</a>, and an exploration party commanded by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Oxley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Oxley">John Oxley</a> further explored Moreton Bay in November 1823.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-seqhistory.com-58">[58]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Windmill_Brisbane_1865.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Windmill_Brisbane_1865.jpg/220px-Windmill_Brisbane_1865.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="470"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 129px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Windmill_Brisbane_1865.jpg/220px-Windmill_Brisbane_1865.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="129" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Windmill_Brisbane_1865.jpg/330px-Windmill_Brisbane_1865.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Windmill_Brisbane_1865.jpg/440px-Windmill_Brisbane_1865.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Old_Windmill,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Old Windmill, Brisbane">The Old Windmill</a> built in 1828, a site of convict punishments and executions, is the oldest surviving building in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> </figcaption> </figure> Oxley explored the Brisbane River as far as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Goodna,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Goodna, Queensland">Goodna</a>, 20 km (12 mi) upstream from the present-day central business district of Brisbane.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-seqhistory.com-58">[58]</a> He also named the river after the governor of the time.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-seqhistory.com-58">[58]</a> Oxley also recommended Red Cliff Point for the new colony, reporting that ships could land at any tide and easily get close to the shore.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59">[59]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Convicts in Australia">convict settlement</a> party landed in Redcliffe on 13 September 1824 formally establishing the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Bay_Penal_Settlement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Bay Penal Settlement">Moreton Bay Penal Settlement</a> that would become Brisbane. The party was under the command of Lieutenant <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_Miller_(commandant)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Miller (commandant)">Henry Miller</a> and consisted of 14 soldiers (some with wives and children) and 29 convicts. However, the settlers abandoned this site after a year and moved to an area on the Brisbane River now known as North Quay, 28 km (17 mi) south, which offered a more reliable water-supply. The newly selected Brisbane region was plagued by mosquitoes at the time.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[60]</a> After visiting the Redcliffe settlement, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Brisbane">Sir Thomas Brisbane</a> then travelled 45 km (28 mi) up the Brisbane River in December 1824. Governor Brisbane stayed overnight in a tent and often landed ashore, thus bestowing upon the future Brisbane City the distinction of being the only Australian capital city visited by its namesake.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_New_South_Wales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chief Justice of New South Wales">Chief Justice</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francis_Forbes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francis Forbes">Forbes</a> gave the new settlement the name of Edenglassie before it was named Brisbane.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-seeing-62">[62]</a>[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">need quotation to verify</a>] The penal settlement under the control of Captain <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrick_Logan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrick Logan">Patrick Logan</a> (Commandant from 1826 to 1830) flourished, with the numbers of convicts increasing dramatically from around 200 to over 1,000 men.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto-63">[63]</a> He developed a substantial settlement of brick and stone buildings, complete with school and hospital. He formed additional outstations and made several important journeys of exploration. Logan became infamous for his extreme use of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cat_o%27_nine_tails?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cat o' nine tails">cat o' nine tails</a> on convicts. The maximum allowed limit of lashes was 50; however, Logan regularly applied sentences of 150 lashes.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto-63">[63]</a> During this period raids on maize fields were conducted by local Aboriginal groups in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corn_Field_Raids_of_1827-1828?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Corn Field Raids of 1827-1828">Corn Field Raids of 1827-1828</a>. These groups destroyed and plundered the maize fields in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank, Queensland">South Bank</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kangaroo_Point,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kangaroo Point, Queensland">Kangaroo Point</a>, with the possible motive of extracting compensation from the settlers or warning them not to expand beyond their current area.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:StateLibQld_2_148511_Early_drawing_of_a_section_of_the_town_of_Brisbane,_Queensland_including_the_Convict_Hospital,_1835.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/StateLibQld_2_148511_Early_drawing_of_a_section_of_the_town_of_Brisbane%2C_Queensland_including_the_Convict_Hospital%2C_1835.jpg/220px-StateLibQld_2_148511_Early_drawing_of_a_section_of_the_town_of_Brisbane%2C_Queensland_including_the_Convict_Hospital%2C_1835.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 242px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/StateLibQld_2_148511_Early_drawing_of_a_section_of_the_town_of_Brisbane%2C_Queensland_including_the_Convict_Hospital%2C_1835.jpg/220px-StateLibQld_2_148511_Early_drawing_of_a_section_of_the_town_of_Brisbane%2C_Queensland_including_the_Convict_Hospital%2C_1835.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="242" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/StateLibQld_2_148511_Early_drawing_of_a_section_of_the_town_of_Brisbane%2C_Queensland_including_the_Convict_Hospital%2C_1835.jpg/330px-StateLibQld_2_148511_Early_drawing_of_a_section_of_the_town_of_Brisbane%2C_Queensland_including_the_Convict_Hospital%2C_1835.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/StateLibQld_2_148511_Early_drawing_of_a_section_of_the_town_of_Brisbane%2C_Queensland_including_the_Convict_Hospital%2C_1835.jpg/440px-StateLibQld_2_148511_Early_drawing_of_a_section_of_the_town_of_Brisbane%2C_Queensland_including_the_Convict_Hospital%2C_1835.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> An early sketch of the town of Brisbane including the Convict Hospital, 1835 </figcaption> </figure> Between 1824 and 1842, almost 2,400 men and 145 women were detained at the Moreton Bay convict settlement under the control of military commandants.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66">[66]</a> However, non-convict European settlement of the Brisbane region commenced in 1838 and the population grew strongly thereafter, with free settlers soon far outstripping the convict population.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67">[67]</a> German <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Missionaries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Missionaries">missionaries</a> settled at Zions Hill, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nundah,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nundah, Queensland">Nundah</a> as early as 1837, five years before Brisbane was officially declared a free settlement. The band consisted of ministers <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christopher_Eipper?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christopher Eipper">Christopher Eipper</a> (1813–1894), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Schmidt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carl Wilhelm Schmidt">Carl Wilhelm Schmidt</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laity">lay</a> missionaries Haussmann, Johann Gottried Wagner, Niquet, Hartenstein, Zillman, Franz, Rode, Doege and Schneider.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68">[68]</a> They were allocated 260 hectares and set about establishing the mission, which became known as the German Station.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Later in the 1860s many German immigrants from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uckermark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uckermark">Uckermark</a> region in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prussia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> as well as from other German regions settled in the areas of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bethania,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bethania, Queensland">Bethania</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beenleigh,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beenleigh, Queensland">Beenleigh</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Darling_Downs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Darling Downs">Darling Downs</a>. These immigrants were selected and assisted through immigration programs established by Rev Dr <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Dunmore_Lang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Dunmore Lang">John Dunmore Lang</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Heussler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Heussler">Johann Christian Heussler</a> and were offered free passage, good wages, and selections of land.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Scottish immigrants from the ship <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortitude_(1842_ship)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fortitude (1842 ship)">Fortitude</a> arrived in Brisbane in 1849, enticed by Lang on the promise of free land grants. Denied land, the immigrants set up camp in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/York%27s_Hollow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="York's Hollow">York's Hollow</a> waterholes in the vicinity of today's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victoria_Park,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victoria Park, Brisbane">Victoria Park</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herston,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herston, Queensland">Herston</a>, Queensland. A number of the immigrants moved in and settled the suburb, naming it <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortitude_Valley,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fortitude Valley, Queensland">Fortitude Valley</a> after the ship on which they arrived.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-qpnl-72">[72]</a> Free settlers entered the area from 1835,[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and by the end of 1840, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robert_Dixon_(explorer)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robert Dixon (explorer)">Robert Dixon</a> had begun work on the first plan of Brisbane Town, in anticipation of future development.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73">[73]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Catholic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Church_(building)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Church (building)">church</a> erected the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Old_St_Stephen%27s_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Old St Stephen's Church">Pugin Chapel</a> in 1850, to the design by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gothic Revival architecture">gothic revivalist</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Augustus_Pugin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augustus Pugin">Augustus Pugin</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Letters_patent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Letters patent">Letters patent</a> dated 6 June 1859, proclaimed by Sir <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Ferguson_Bowen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="George Ferguson Bowen">George Ferguson Bowen</a> on 10 December 1859, separated Queensland from New South Wales, whereupon Bowen became Queensland's first governor,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74">[74]</a> with Brisbane chosen as the capital.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75">[75]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Old_Government_House,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Old Government House, Brisbane">Old Government House</a> was constructed in 1862 to house <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Bowen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Bowen">Sir George Bowen's</a> family, including his wife, the noblewoman <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diamantina_Bowen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diamantina Bowen">Diamantina, Lady Bowen di Roma</a>. During the tenure of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Cochrane-Baillie,_2nd_Baron_Lamington?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington">Lord Lamington</a>, Old Government House was the likely site of the origin of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lamingtons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamingtons">Lamingtons</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nzherald-76">[76]</a> During the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/War_of_Southern_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="War of Southern Queensland">War of Southern Queensland</a>, Indigenous attacks occurred across the city, committing robberies and terrorising unarmed residents.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Reprisal raids took place against the Duke of York's clan in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victoria_Park,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victoria Park, Brisbane">Victoria Park</a> in 1846 and 1849 by British soldiers of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11th_Regiment_of_Foot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="11th Regiment of Foot">11th Regiment</a>, however the clan had been wrongfully targeted as the attacks on Brisbane had not been committed by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turrbal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turrbal">Turrbal</a> themselves but other tribes farther north.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79">[79]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In 1855, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dundalli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dundalli">Dundalli</a>, a prominent leader during the conflict, was captured and executed by hanging at the present site of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/General_Post_Office,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="General Post Office, Brisbane">GPO</a>. In 1862, the first sugarcane plantation in Queensland was established near Brisbane by Captain Louis Hope and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=John_Buh%C3%B4t&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="John Buhôt (page does not exist)">John Buhôt</a>.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1864, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_fire_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Great fire of Brisbane">Great Fire of Brisbane</a> burned through the central parts of the city, destroying much of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Street, Brisbane">Queen Street.</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-jol-81">[81]</a> The 1860s were a period of economic and political turmoil leading to high unemployment, in 1866 hundreds of impoverished workers convened a meeting at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Treasury_Hotel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Treasury Hotel">Treasury Hotel</a>, with a cry for "bread or blood", rioted and attempted to ransack the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commissariat_Store,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commissariat Store, Brisbane">Government store</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_Botanic_Gardens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City Botanic Gardens">City Botanic Gardens</a> were originally established in 1825 as a farm for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Bay_penal_settlement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Moreton Bay penal settlement">Moreton Bay penal settlement</a>, and were planted by convicts in 1825 with food crops to feed the prison colony.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83">[83]</a> In 1855, several acres was declared a Botanic Reserve under the Superintendent <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Walter_Hill_(garden_curator)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Walter Hill (garden curator)">Walter Hill</a>, a position he held until 1881.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-chabg-85">[85]</a> Some trees planted in the Gardens were among the first of their species to be planted in Australia, including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacaranda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacaranda">jacaranda</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delonix_regia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Delonix regia">poinciana</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-whbr-86">[86]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:StateLibQld_2_394553_Edward_Street_looking_west_across_the_intersection_with_Queen_Street,_Brisbane,_1889.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/StateLibQld_2_394553_Edward_Street_looking_west_across_the_intersection_with_Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane%2C_1889.jpg/220px-StateLibQld_2_394553_Edward_Street_looking_west_across_the_intersection_with_Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane%2C_1889.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="814"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 179px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/StateLibQld_2_394553_Edward_Street_looking_west_across_the_intersection_with_Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane%2C_1889.jpg/220px-StateLibQld_2_394553_Edward_Street_looking_west_across_the_intersection_with_Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane%2C_1889.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="179" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/StateLibQld_2_394553_Edward_Street_looking_west_across_the_intersection_with_Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane%2C_1889.jpg/330px-StateLibQld_2_394553_Edward_Street_looking_west_across_the_intersection_with_Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane%2C_1889.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/StateLibQld_2_394553_Edward_Street_looking_west_across_the_intersection_with_Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane%2C_1889.jpg/440px-StateLibQld_2_394553_Edward_Street_looking_west_across_the_intersection_with_Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane%2C_1889.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Street, Brisbane">Edward Street</a> looking west across the intersection with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Street, Brisbane">Queen Street</a>, Brisbane, 1889 </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Tiffin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Tiffin">Charles Tiffin</a> was appointed as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Government_Architect?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Government Architect">Queensland Government Architect</a> in 1859, and pursued an intellectual policy in the design of public buildings based on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italianate_architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italianate architecture">Italianate</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renaissance Revival architecture">Renaissance revivalism</a>, with such buildings as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Old_Government_House,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Old Government House, Brisbane">Government House</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Department_of_Primary_Industries_Building?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Department of Primary Industries Building">Department of Primary Industries Building</a> in 1866, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parliament_House,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parliament House, Brisbane">Queensland Parliament</a> built in 1867. The 1880s brought a period of economic prosperity and a major construction boom in Brisbane, that produced an impressive number of notable public and commercial buildings. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_James_Clark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John James Clark">John James Clark</a> was appointed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Government_Architect?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Government Architect">Queensland Government Architect</a> in 1883, and continuing in Tiffin's design for public buildings, asserted the propriety of the Italian Renaissance, drawing upon typological elements and details from conservative High Renaissance sources. Building in this trace of intellectualism, Clark designed the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Treasury_Building,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Treasury Building, Brisbane">Treasury Building</a> in 1886, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yungaba_Immigration_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Yungaba Immigration Centre">Yungaba Immigration Centre</a> in 1885.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Other major works of the era include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Customs_House,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Customs House, Brisbane">Customs House</a> in 1889, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Old_Museum_Building,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Old Museum Building, Brisbane">Old Museum Building</a> completed in 1891. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fort_Lytton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fort Lytton">Fort Lytton</a> was constructed in 1882 at the mouth of the Brisbane river, to protect the city against foreign colonial powers such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russia">Russia</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="France">France</a>, and was the only <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moat">moated fort</a> ever built in Australia. The city's slum district of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frog%27s_Hollow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frog's Hollow">Frog's Hollow</a>, named so for its location being low-lying and swampy, was both the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Red_light_district?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Red light district">red light district</a> of colonial Brisbane and its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinatown?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinatown">Chinatown</a>, and was the site of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prostitution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prostitution">prostitution</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sly-grog_shop?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sly-grog shop">sly grog</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opium_den?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Opium den">opium dens</a>. In 1888, Frog's Hollow was the site of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">anti-Chinese</a> riots, where more than 2000 people attacked Chinese homes and businesses.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-anti-88">[88]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:1893_Brisbane_flood_Queen_St.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/1893_Brisbane_flood_Queen_St.jpg/220px-1893_Brisbane_flood_Queen_St.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="754"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/1893_Brisbane_flood_Queen_St.jpg/220px-1893_Brisbane_flood_Queen_St.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/1893_Brisbane_flood_Queen_St.jpg/330px-1893_Brisbane_flood_Queen_St.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/1893_Brisbane_flood_Queen_St.jpg/440px-1893_Brisbane_flood_Queen_St.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1893_Brisbane_flood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1893 Brisbane flood">Great Flood of 1893</a> was one of the worst disasters in the city's history, flooding in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Street, Brisbane">Queen Street</a> </figcaption> </figure> In 1893 Brisbane was affected by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1893_Brisbane_flood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1893 Brisbane flood">Black February flood</a>, when the Brisbane River burst its banks on three occasions in February and again in June in the same year, with the city receiving more than a year's rainfall during February 1893, leaving much of the city's population homeless. In 1896, the Brisbane river saw its worst maritime disaster with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capsize_of_the_ferry_Pearl?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Capsize of the ferry Pearl">capsize of the ferry Pearl</a>, between the 80–100 people on board there were only 40 survivors.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: 20th century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federation_of_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federation of Australia">Federation of Australia</a> </div> When the colonies federated in 1901, celebrations were held in Brisbane to mark the event, with a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Triumphal_arch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Triumphal arch">triumphal arch</a> erected in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Street, Brisbane">Queen Street</a>. In May that year, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_V?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George V">Duke of Cornwall and York</a> (later King <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_V_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="George V of the United Kingdom">George V</a>) laid the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Foundation_stone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Foundation stone">foundation stone</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_John%27s_Cathedral_(Brisbane)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St John's Cathedral (Brisbane)">St John's Cathedral</a>, one of the great cathedrals of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australia">Australia</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Queensland">University of Queensland</a> was founded in 1909 and first sited at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Old_Government_House,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Old Government House, Brisbane">Old Government House</a>, which became vacated as the government planned for a larger residence. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Government_House,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Government House, Brisbane">Fernberg House</a>, built in 1865, became the temporary residence in 1910, and later made the permanent government house. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:StateLibQld_1_15542_Demonstration_in_Albert_Square_during_the_1912_General_Strike,_Brisbane.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/StateLibQld_1_15542_Demonstration_in_Albert_Square_during_the_1912_General_Strike%2C_Brisbane.jpg/220px-StateLibQld_1_15542_Demonstration_in_Albert_Square_during_the_1912_General_Strike%2C_Brisbane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="695"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/StateLibQld_1_15542_Demonstration_in_Albert_Square_during_the_1912_General_Strike%2C_Brisbane.jpg/220px-StateLibQld_1_15542_Demonstration_in_Albert_Square_during_the_1912_General_Strike%2C_Brisbane.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/StateLibQld_1_15542_Demonstration_in_Albert_Square_during_the_1912_General_Strike%2C_Brisbane.jpg/330px-StateLibQld_1_15542_Demonstration_in_Albert_Square_during_the_1912_General_Strike%2C_Brisbane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/StateLibQld_1_15542_Demonstration_in_Albert_Square_during_the_1912_General_Strike%2C_Brisbane.jpg/440px-StateLibQld_1_15542_Demonstration_in_Albert_Square_during_the_1912_General_Strike%2C_Brisbane.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> A demonstration in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/King_George_Square?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="King George Square">Albert Square</a> during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1912_Brisbane_general_strike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1912 Brisbane general strike">1912 general strike</a> </figcaption> </figure> In 1912, Tramway employees were stood down for wearing union badges which sparked Australia's first <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/General_strike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="General strike">general strike</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1912_Brisbane_General_Strike?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1912 Brisbane General Strike">1912 Brisbane General Strike</a>, which became known as Black Friday, for the savagery of the police baton charges on crowds of trade unionists and their supporters. In 1917, during <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_War_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Government">Commonwealth Government</a> conducted a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raid_on_the_Queensland_Government_Printing_Office?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raid on the Queensland Government Printing Office">raid on the Queensland Government Printing Office</a>, with the aim of confiscating copies of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hansard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hansard">Hansard</a> that covered debates in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Parliament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland Parliament">Queensland Parliament</a> where anti-conscription sentiments had been aired. Russian immigration took place in the years 1911–1914. Many were radicals and revolutionaries seeking asylum from tsarist political repression in the final chaotic years of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russian_Empire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>; considerable numbers were Jews escaping state-inspired pogroms. They had fled Russia via <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siberia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> and Northern China, most making their way to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harbin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harbin">Harbin</a>, in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manchuria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a>, then taking passage from the port of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dalian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dalian">Dalian</a> to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Townsville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Townsville">Townsville</a> or Brisbane, the first Australian ports of call.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-qhr-90">[90]</a> Following the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/First_World_War?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, conflict arose between returned servicemen of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/First_Australian_Imperial_Force?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="First Australian Imperial Force">First Australian Imperial Force</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socialists?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialists">socialists</a> along with other elements of society that the ex-servicemen considered to be disloyal toward Australia.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Coulthard165-91">[91]</a> Over the course of 1918–1919, a series of violent demonstrations and attacks known as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Red_Flag_riots?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Red Flag riots">Red Flag riots</a>, were waged throughout Brisbane. The most notable incident occurred on 24 March 1919, when a crowd of about 8,000 ex-servicemen clashed violently with police who were preventing them from attacking the Russian Hall in Merivale Street, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="South Brisbane">South Brisbane</a>, which was known as the Battle of Merivale Street. Over 20 small municipalities and shires were amalgamated in 1925 to form the City of Brisbane, governed by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane City Council">Brisbane City Council</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-92">[92]</a> A significant year for Brisbane was 1930, with the completion of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_City_Hall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane City Hall">Brisbane City Hall</a>, then the city's tallest building and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shrine_of_Remembrance,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shrine of Remembrance, Brisbane">Shrine of Remembrance</a>, in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ANZAC_Square,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ANZAC Square, Brisbane">ANZAC Square</a>, which has become Brisbane's main war memorial.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Queensland_State_Archives_55_Queen_Street_Brisbane_looking_south_October_1930.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Queensland_State_Archives_55_Queen_Street_Brisbane_looking_south_October_1930.png/220px-Queensland_State_Archives_55_Queen_Street_Brisbane_looking_south_October_1930.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="720"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 286px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Queensland_State_Archives_55_Queen_Street_Brisbane_looking_south_October_1930.png/220px-Queensland_State_Archives_55_Queen_Street_Brisbane_looking_south_October_1930.png" data-width="220" data-height="286" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Queensland_State_Archives_55_Queen_Street_Brisbane_looking_south_October_1930.png/330px-Queensland_State_Archives_55_Queen_Street_Brisbane_looking_south_October_1930.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Queensland_State_Archives_55_Queen_Street_Brisbane_looking_south_October_1930.png/440px-Queensland_State_Archives_55_Queen_Street_Brisbane_looking_south_October_1930.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Street, Brisbane">Queen street</a> looking south, ca. 1930 </figcaption> </figure> These historic buildings, along with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Story_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Story Bridge">Story Bridge</a> which opened in 1940, are key landmarks that help define the architectural character of the city. Following the death of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_V_of_the_United_Kingdom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="George V of the United Kingdom">King George V</a> in 1936, Albert square was widened to include the area which had been Albert Street, and renamed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/King_George_Square?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="King George Square">King George Square</a> in honour of the King. An <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Equestrian_statue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Equestrian statue">equestrian statue</a> of the king and two <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bronze?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bronze">Bronze</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lion">Lion</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sculpture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sculpture">sculptures</a> were unveiled in 1938.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1939, armed farmers marched on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parliament_House,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parliament House, Brisbane">Queensland Parliament</a> and stormed the building in an attempt to take hostage the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Government">Queensland Government</a> led by Labor Premier <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Forgan_Smith?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Forgan Smith">William Forgan Smith</a>, in an event that became known as the Pineapple rebellion.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:StateLibQld_1_130295_Parade_of_RAAF_recruits_through_Queen_Street,_Brisbane,_August_1940.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/StateLibQld_1_130295_Parade_of_RAAF_recruits_through_Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane%2C_August_1940.jpg/220px-StateLibQld_1_130295_Parade_of_RAAF_recruits_through_Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane%2C_August_1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="715"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 157px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/StateLibQld_1_130295_Parade_of_RAAF_recruits_through_Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane%2C_August_1940.jpg/220px-StateLibQld_1_130295_Parade_of_RAAF_recruits_through_Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane%2C_August_1940.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="157" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/StateLibQld_1_130295_Parade_of_RAAF_recruits_through_Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane%2C_August_1940.jpg/330px-StateLibQld_1_130295_Parade_of_RAAF_recruits_through_Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane%2C_August_1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/StateLibQld_1_130295_Parade_of_RAAF_recruits_through_Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane%2C_August_1940.jpg/440px-StateLibQld_1_130295_Parade_of_RAAF_recruits_through_Queen_Street%2C_Brisbane%2C_August_1940.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Parade of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Australian Air Force">RAAF</a> servicemen through Queen street, ca. 1940 </figcaption> </figure> During World War II, Brisbane became central to the Allied campaign, since it was the northernmost city with adequate communications facilities. From July 1942 to September 1944, AMP Building (now called <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MacArthur_Central?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MacArthur Central">MacArthur Central</a>) was used as the headquarters for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_West_Pacific_Area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South West Pacific Area">South West Pacific Area</a> under General MacArthur. MacArthur had previously rejected use of the University of Queensland complex as his headquarters, as the distinctive bends in the river at St Lucia could have aided enemy bombers. Also used as a headquarters by the American troops during World War II was the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T_%26_G_Building,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="T & G Building, Brisbane">T & G Building</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-95">[95]</a> About one million US troops passed through Australia during the war, as the primary co-ordination point for the South West Pacific.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Wartime Brisbane was defined by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Racial_segregation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Military history of African Americans">African American</a> servicemen, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prohibition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prohibition">prohibition</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moonshine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moonshine">sly grog</a>, crime, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jazz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jazz">jazz</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ballroom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ballroom">ballrooms</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-98">[98]</a> In 1942, Brisbane was the site of a violent clash between visiting US military personnel and Australian servicemen and civilians, which resulted in one death and hundreds of injuries. This incident became known colloquially as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of Brisbane">Battle of Brisbane</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Post-war Brisbane had developed a big country town stigma, an image the city's politicians and marketers were very keen to remove.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In the late 1950s, an anonymous poet known as The Brisbane Bard generated much attention to the city which helped shake this stigma.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-101">[101]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102">[102]</a> In 1955, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wickham_Terrace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wickham Terrace">Wickham Terrace</a> was the site of a terrorist incident involving shootings and bombs, by the German immigrant <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karl_Kast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karl Kast">Karl Kast</a>. Despite steady growth, Brisbane's development was punctuated by infrastructure problems. The state government under <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joh_Bjelke-Petersen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joh Bjelke-Petersen">Joh Bjelke-Petersen</a> began a major program of change and urban renewal, beginning with the central business district and inner suburbs. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trams_in_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trams in Brisbane">Trams in Brisbane</a> were a popular mode of public transport until the network was closed in 1969, in part the result of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paddington_tram_depot_fire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paddington tram depot fire">Paddington tram depot fire</a>. Between 1968 and 1987, Queensland was governed by Bjelke-Petersen, whose government was characterised by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Social_conservatism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Social conservatism">social conservatism</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Police_corruption?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Police corruption">police corruption</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_street_marches?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland street marches">the brutal suppression of protest</a> and has been described as a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Police_state?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Police state">police state</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-103">[103]</a> However, during this time Brisbane developed a counterculture focused on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Queensland">University of Queensland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_street_marches?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland street marches">street marches</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_punk_rock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane punk rock">Brisbane punk rock</a> music.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1971, the touring <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Springboks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Springboks">Springboks</a> were to play against the Australian Rugby team. This was met with plans for protests due to the growing international and local opposition to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apartheid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> in South Africa. However, before their arrival Bjelke-Petersen declared a state of emergency for a month, citing the importance of the tour.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-104">[104]</a> This did not stop the protest however with violent clashes between protestors and police erupting when several hundred demonstrators assembled outside a Brisbane motel on Thursday, 22 July 1971, where the Springbok team was staying. A second protest saw a large number of demonstrators assembled once more outside the Tower Mill Motel and after 15 minutes of peaceful protest, a brick was thrown into the motel room and police took action to clear the road and consequently disproportionate violence was used against demonstrators.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In the lead up to the 1980s Queensland fell subject to many forms of censorship. In 1977 things had escalated from prosecutions and book burnings, under the introduction of the Literature Board of Review, to a statewide ban on protests and street marches. In September 1977 the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Government">Queensland Government</a> introduced a ban on all street protests, resulting in a statewide civil liberties campaign of defiance.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-106">[106]</a> This saw two thousand people arrested and fined, with another hundred being imprisoned, at a cost of almost five million dollars to the State Government.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cliq-107">[107]</a> Bjelke-Petersen publicly announced on 4 September 1977 that "the day of the political street march is over ... Don't bother to apply for a permit. You won't get one. That's government policy now."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In response to this, protesters came up with the idea of Phantom Civil Liberties Marches where protesters would gather and march until the police and media arrived. They would then disperse, and gather together again until the media and police returned, repeating the process over and over again.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-109">[109]</a> The end of the Bjelke-Petersen era began with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitzgerald_Inquiry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fitzgerald Inquiry">Fitzgerald Inquiry</a> of 1987 to 1989, a judicial inquiry presided over by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tony_Fitzgerald_(judge)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Fitzgerald (judge)">Tony Fitzgerald</a> investigating <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Police?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland Police">Queensland Police</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Police_corruption?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Police corruption">corruption</a>. The inquiry resulted in the resignation of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premier_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premier of Queensland">Premier</a> Bjelke-Petersen, the calling of two by-elections, the jailing of three former ministers and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Police_Commissioner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Police Commissioner">Police Commissioner</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terry_Lewis_(police_officer)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terry Lewis (police officer)">Terry Lewis</a> (who also lost his <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Knighthood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Knighthood">knighthood</a>). It also contributed to the end of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Party of Australia">National Party of Australia</a>'s 32-year run as the governing political party in Queensland.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1973, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Whiskey_Au_Go_Go_fire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Whiskey Au Go Go fire">Whiskey Au Go Go nightclub</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortitude_Valley,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fortitude Valley, Queensland">city's entertainment district</a>, was firebombed that resulted in 15 deaths, in what is one of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of massacres in Australia">Australia's worst mass killings</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1974_Brisbane_flood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1974 Brisbane flood">1974 Brisbane flood</a> was a major disaster which temporarily crippled the city, and saw a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corinda_landslip?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corinda landslip">substantial landslip</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corinda,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corinda, Queensland">Corinda</a>. During this era, Brisbane grew and modernised, rapidly becoming a destination of interstate migration. Some of Brisbane's popular landmarks were lost to development in controversial circumstances, including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bellevue_Hotel,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bellevue Hotel, Brisbane">Bellevue Hotel</a> in 1979 and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cloudland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cloudland">Cloudland</a> in 1982. Major public works included the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riverside_Expressway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riverside Expressway">Riverside Expressway</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gateway_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateway Bridge">Gateway Bridge</a>, and later, the redevelopment of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank, Queensland">South Bank</a>. Starting with the monumental <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robin_Gibson_(architect)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robin Gibson (architect)">Robin Gibson</a>-designed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Cultural_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Cultural Centre">Queensland Cultural Centre</a>, with the first stage the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Art_Gallery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Art Gallery">Queensland Art Gallery</a> completed in 1982, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Performing_Arts_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Performing Arts Centre">Queensland Performing Arts Centre</a> in 1985, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Museum">Queensland Museum</a> in 1986.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Expo_88_(8075991938).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Expo_88_%288075991938%29.jpg/240px-Expo_88_%288075991938%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="77" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="290"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 77px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Expo_88_%288075991938%29.jpg/240px-Expo_88_%288075991938%29.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="77" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Expo_88_%288075991938%29.jpg/360px-Expo_88_%288075991938%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Expo_88_%288075991938%29.jpg/480px-Expo_88_%288075991938%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Brisbane hosted the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Expo_88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Expo 88">World Expo 88</a> in 1988 </figcaption> </figure> Brisbane hosted the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1982 Commonwealth Games">1982 Commonwealth Games</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Expo_88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Expo 88">World Expo 88</a>. These events were accompanied by a scale of public expenditure, construction, and development not previously seen in the state of Queensland.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Brisbane's population growth far exceeded the national average in the last two decades of the 20th century, with a high level of interstate migration from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> and New South Wales. In the late 1980s Brisbane's inner-city areas were struggling with economic stagnation, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urban_decay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urban decay">urban decay</a> and crime which resulted in an exodus of residents and business to the suburban fringe, in the early 1990s the city undertook an extensive and successful <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urban_renewal_in_Woolstore_Precinct,_Teneriffe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urban renewal in Woolstore Precinct, Teneriffe">urban renewal of the Woolstore precinct</a> as well as the development of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank_Parklands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank Parklands">South Bank Parklands</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: 21st century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Brisbane was impacted by major floods in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Queensland_floods?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2010–2011 Queensland floods">January 2011</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022_eastern_Australia_floods?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022 eastern Australia floods">February 2022</a>. The Brisbane River did not reach the same height as the previous 1974 flood on either occasion, but caused extensive disruption and damage to infrastructure.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Berry-114">[114]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-115">[115]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Cultural_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Cultural Centre">Queensland Cultural Centre</a> was also expanded, with the completion of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_Library_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State Library of Queensland">State Library</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gallery_of_Modern_Art,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane">Gallery of Modern Art</a> in 2006, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kurilpa_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kurilpa Bridge">Kurilpa Bridge</a> in 2009, the world's largest hybrid <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tensegrity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tensegrity">tensegrity</a> bridge.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-World_Architecture_News-116">[116]</a> Brisbane also hosted major international events including the final <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2001_Goodwill_Games?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2001 Goodwill Games">Goodwill Games</a> in 2001, the Rugby League World Cup final in 2008 and again in 2017, as well as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2014_G20_Brisbane_summit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2014 G20 Brisbane summit">2014 G20 Brisbane summit</a>. Population growth has continued to be among the highest of the Australian capital cities in the first two decades of the 21st century, and major infrastructure including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Howard_Smith_Wharves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Howard Smith Wharves">Howard Smith Wharves</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Street_Parklands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma Street Parklands">Roma Street Parklands</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Star_Entertainment_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Queen's_Wharf,_Brisbane" title="Star Entertainment Group">Queens Wharf</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Brisbane_Riverwalk" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane Riverwalk</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen%27s_Wharf,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen's Wharf, Brisbane">Queen's Wharf</a> casino and resort precinct, the Brisbane International Cruise Terminal, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clem_Jones_Tunnel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clem Jones Tunnel">Clem Jones</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Airport_Link,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Airport Link, Brisbane">Airport Link</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Legacy_Way?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Legacy Way">Legacy Way</a> road tunnels, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Airport_railway_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Airport railway line">Airport</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Springfield_railway_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Springfield railway line">Springfield</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Redcliffe_Peninsula_railway_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redcliffe Peninsula railway line">Redcliffe Peninsula</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cross_River_Rail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cross River Rail">Cross River Rail</a> railway lines have been completed or are under construction. Brisbane will host the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032 Summer Olympics</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2032_Summer_Paralympics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2032 Summer Paralympics">2032 Summer Paralympics</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto2-117">[117]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto3-118">[118]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Geography_and_environment">Geography and environment</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Geography and environment" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geography_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geography of Brisbane">Geography of Brisbane</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Sandy_Shores_of_Moreton_Bay.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sandy_Shores_of_Moreton_Bay.jpg/220px-Sandy_Shores_of_Moreton_Bay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7478" data-file-height="7478"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sandy_Shores_of_Moreton_Bay.jpg/220px-Sandy_Shores_of_Moreton_Bay.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sandy_Shores_of_Moreton_Bay.jpg/330px-Sandy_Shores_of_Moreton_Bay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sandy_Shores_of_Moreton_Bay.jpg/440px-Sandy_Shores_of_Moreton_Bay.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Satellite image of Brisbane metropolitan area taken in 2019 </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Howard_Smith_Wharves,_Brisbane_in_Oct_2019,_20.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Howard_Smith_Wharves%2C_Brisbane_in_Oct_2019%2C_20.jpg/220px-Howard_Smith_Wharves%2C_Brisbane_in_Oct_2019%2C_20.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Howard_Smith_Wharves%2C_Brisbane_in_Oct_2019%2C_20.jpg/220px-Howard_Smith_Wharves%2C_Brisbane_in_Oct_2019%2C_20.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Howard_Smith_Wharves%2C_Brisbane_in_Oct_2019%2C_20.jpg/330px-Howard_Smith_Wharves%2C_Brisbane_in_Oct_2019%2C_20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Howard_Smith_Wharves%2C_Brisbane_in_Oct_2019%2C_20.jpg/440px-Howard_Smith_Wharves%2C_Brisbane_in_Oct_2019%2C_20.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> New Farm Cliffs, formed from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_tuff?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane tuff">Brisbane tuff</a> rock, behind <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Howard_Smith_Wharves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Howard Smith Wharves">Howard Smith Wharves</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Scarborough_Beach,_Redcliffe.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Scarborough_Beach%2C_Redcliffe.jpg/220px-Scarborough_Beach%2C_Redcliffe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Scarborough_Beach%2C_Redcliffe.jpg/220px-Scarborough_Beach%2C_Redcliffe.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Scarborough_Beach%2C_Redcliffe.jpg/330px-Scarborough_Beach%2C_Redcliffe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Scarborough_Beach%2C_Redcliffe.jpg/440px-Scarborough_Beach%2C_Redcliffe.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Scarborough Beach at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scarborough,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scarborough, Queensland">Scarborough</a> on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Redcliffe_Peninsula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redcliffe Peninsula">Redcliffe Peninsula</a> </figcaption> </figure> Brisbane is in the southeast corner of Queensland. The city is centred along the Brisbane River, and its eastern suburbs line the shores of Moreton Bay, a bay of the Coral Sea. The greater Brisbane region is on the coastal plain east of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Dividing_Range?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Great Dividing Range">Great Dividing Range</a>, with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taylor_Range?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taylor Range">Taylor</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%27Aguilar_Range?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="D'Aguilar Range">D'Aguilar</a> ranges extending into the metropolitan area. Brisbane's metropolitan area sprawls along the Moreton Bay floodplain between the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gold Coast, Queensland">Gold</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunshine_Coast,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunshine Coast, Queensland">Sunshine</a> coasts, approximately from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caboolture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Caboolture">Caboolture</a> in the north to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beenleigh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Beenleigh">Beenleigh</a> in the south, and across to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ipswich,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ipswich, Queensland">Ipswich</a> in the south west. The Brisbane River is a wide <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tide">tidal</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estuary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estuary">estuary</a> and its waters throughout most of the metropolitan area are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brackish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Brackish">brackish</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Navigability?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Navigability">navigable</a>. The river takes a winding course through the metropolitan area with many steep curves from the southwest to its mouth at Moreton Bay in the east. The metropolitan area is also traversed by several other rivers and creeks including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Pine_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Pine River">North Pine</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Pine_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Pine River">South Pine</a> rivers in the northern suburbs, which converge to form the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pine_River_(Queensland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pine River (Queensland)">Pine River</a> estuary at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bramble_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bramble Bay">Bramble Bay</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caboolture_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caboolture River">Caboolture River</a> further north, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logan_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logan River">Logan</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albert_River_(Queensland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert River (Queensland)">Albert</a> rivers in the south-eastern suburbs, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tributary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tributary">tributaries</a> of the Brisbane River including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bremer_River_(Queensland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bremer River (Queensland)">Bremer River</a> in the south-western suburbs, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Breakfast_Creek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Breakfast Creek">Breakfast Creek</a> in the inner-north, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norman_Creek_(Queensland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norman Creek (Queensland)">Norman Creek</a> in the inner-south, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxley_Creek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxley Creek">Oxley Creek</a> in the south, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulimba_Creek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulimba Creek">Bulimba Creek</a> in the inner south-east and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moggill_Creek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moggill Creek">Moggill Creek</a> in the west. The city is on a low-lying <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Floodplain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Floodplain">floodplain</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-119">[119]</a> with the risk of flooding addressed by various state and local government regulations and plans.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The waters of Moreton Bay are sheltered from large <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Swell_(ocean)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Swell (ocean)">swells</a> by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Island">Moreton</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Stradbroke_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Stradbroke Island">Stradbroke</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bribie_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bribie Island">Bribie</a> islands, so whilst the bay can become rough in windy conditions, the waves at the Moreton Bay coastline are generally not <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Surfing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Surfing">surfable</a>. Unsheltered surf beaches lie on the eastern coasts of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Island">Moreton</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Stradbroke_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Stradbroke Island">Stradbroke</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bribie_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bribie Island">Bribie</a> islands and on the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast to the south and north respectively. The southern part of Moreton Bay also contains smaller islands such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_Helena_Island_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St Helena Island National Park">St Helena Island</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peel_Island_(Queensland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peel Island (Queensland)">Peel Island</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coochiemudlo_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coochiemudlo Island">Coochiemudlo Island</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Russell_Island_(Moreton_Bay)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Russell Island (Moreton Bay)">Russell Island</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lamb_Island,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lamb Island, Queensland">Lamb Island</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macleay_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macleay Island">Macleay Island</a>. The city of Brisbane is hilly.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-thenandnow-121">[121]</a> The urban area, including the central business district, are partially elevated by spurs of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taylor_Range_(Queensland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Taylor Range (Queensland)">Herbert Taylor Range</a>, such as the summit of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Coot-tha,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Coot-tha, Queensland">Mount Coot-tha</a>, reaching up to 300 m (980 ft) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enoggera_Hill?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enoggera Hill">Enoggera Hill</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%27Aguilar_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="D'Aguilar National Park">D'Aguilar National Park</a>, encompassing the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%27Aguilar_Range?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="D'Aguilar Range">D'Aguilar Range</a>, bounds the north-west of Brisbane's built-up area, and contains the taller peaks of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Nebo_(Queensland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Nebo (Queensland)">Mount Nebo</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camp_Mountain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Mountain">Camp Mountain</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_Queensland_(Moreton_Bay)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Pleasant, Queensland (Moreton Bay)">Mount Pleasant</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Glorious?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Glorious">Mount Glorious</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Samson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Samson">Mount Samson</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Mee,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Mee, Queensland">Mount Mee</a>. Other prominent rises in Brisbane are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Gravatt,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Gravatt, Queensland">Mount Gravatt</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toohey_Mountain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toohey Mountain">Toohey Mountain</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Petrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Petrie">Mount Petrie</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Highgate_Hill,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Highgate Hill, Queensland">Highgate Hill</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Ommaney?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Ommaney">Mount Ommaney</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stephens_Mountain,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephens Mountain, Queensland">Stephens Mountain</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Whites_Hill,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Whites Hill, Queensland">Whites Hill</a>, which are dotted across the city. Much of the rock upon which Brisbane is located is the characteristic <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_tuff?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane tuff">Brisbane tuff</a>, a form of welded <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ignimbrite?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ignimbrite">ignimbrite</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wdhs-122">[122]</a> which is most prominently found at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kangaroo_Point_Cliffs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kangaroo Point Cliffs">Kangaroo Point Cliffs</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kangaroo_Point,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kangaroo Point, Queensland">Kangaroo Point</a> and the New Farm Cliffs on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrie_Bight?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrie Bight">Petrie Bight</a> reach of the Brisbane River. The stone was used in the construction of historical buildings such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commissariat_Store,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commissariat Store, Brisbane">Commissariat Store</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedral_of_St_Stephen,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathedral of St Stephen, Brisbane">Cathedral of St Stephen</a>, and the roadside <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Curb?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Curb">kerbs</a> in inner areas of Brisbane are still manufactured of Brisbane tuff. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Ecology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Jacaranda_mimosifolia_trees_in_New_Farm_Park,_Queensland,_07.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Jacaranda_mimosifolia_trees_in_New_Farm_Park%2C_Queensland%2C_07.jpg/220px-Jacaranda_mimosifolia_trees_in_New_Farm_Park%2C_Queensland%2C_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Jacaranda_mimosifolia_trees_in_New_Farm_Park%2C_Queensland%2C_07.jpg/220px-Jacaranda_mimosifolia_trees_in_New_Farm_Park%2C_Queensland%2C_07.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Jacaranda_mimosifolia_trees_in_New_Farm_Park%2C_Queensland%2C_07.jpg/330px-Jacaranda_mimosifolia_trees_in_New_Farm_Park%2C_Queensland%2C_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Jacaranda_mimosifolia_trees_in_New_Farm_Park%2C_Queensland%2C_07.jpg/440px-Jacaranda_mimosifolia_trees_in_New_Farm_Park%2C_Queensland%2C_07.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacaranda_mimosifolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacaranda mimosifolia">Jacaranda</a> trees in bloom at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Farm_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Farm Park">New Farm Park</a> </figcaption> </figure> Brisbane is located within the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_East_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South East Queensland">South East Queensland</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interim_Biogeographic_Regionalisation_for_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia">biogeographic region</a>, and is home to numerous <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eucalyptus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eucalyptus">Eucalyptus</a> varieties. Common trees in Brisbane include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficus_macrophylla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ficus macrophylla">Moreton Bay fig</a>, an evergreen <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banyan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banyan">banyan</a> with large <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buttress_roots?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Buttress roots">buttress roots</a> named for the region which are often lit with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christmas_lights?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christmas lights">decorative lights</a> in the inner city, as well as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacaranda_mimosifolia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jacaranda mimosifolia">jacaranda</a>, a subtropical tree native to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_America?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South America">South America</a> which line many avenues and parks and bloom with purple <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://flowersbrisbane.au/">flowers</a> during October.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Other trees common to the metropolitan area include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castanospermum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castanospermum">Moreton Bay chestnut</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Melaleuca_quinquenervia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Melaleuca quinquenervia">broad-leaved paperbark</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delonix_regia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Delonix regia">poinciana</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Waterhousea_floribunda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterhousea floribunda">weeping lilli pilli</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archontophoenix_cunninghamiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archontophoenix cunninghamiana">Bangalow palm</a>. Some of the banks of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane River</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Bay">Moreton Bay</a> are home to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_mangroves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian mangroves">mangrove</a> wetlands. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poinsettia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poinsettia">red poinsettia</a> is the original official floral emblem of Brisbane, however it is native to Central America.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-124">[124]</a> An additional floral emblem, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acacia_fimbriata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acacia fimbriata">Brisbane wattle</a>, which is native to the Brisbane area, was added in 2023.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Brisbane is home to numerous bird species, with common species including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rainbow_lorikeet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rainbow lorikeet">rainbow lorikeets</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kookaburra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kookaburra">kookaburras</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Galah">galahs</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_white_ibis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian white ibis">Australian white ibises</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_brushturkey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian brushturkey">Australian brushturkeys</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torresian_crow?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Torresian crow">Torresian crows</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_magpie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian magpie">Australian magpies</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Noisy_miner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Noisy miner">noisy miners</a>. Common reptiles include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Common_garden_skink?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Common garden skink">common garden skinks</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_water_dragon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian water dragon">Australian water dragons</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pogona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pogona">bearded dragons</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blue-tongued_skink?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blue-tongued skink">blue-tongued lizards</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Common_ringtail_possum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Common ringtail possum">Common ringtail possums</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pteropus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pteropus">flying foxes</a> are common in parks and yards throughout the city, as are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euploea_core?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euploea core">common crow butterflies</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graphium_sarpedon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Graphium sarpedon">blue triangle butterflies</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nephila?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nephila">golden orb-weaver spiders</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argiope_keyserlingi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argiope keyserlingi">St Andrew's Cross spiders</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane River</a> is home to many fish species including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acanthopagrus_australis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acanthopagrus australis">yellowfin bream</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flathead_(fish)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flathead (fish)">flathead</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australasian_snapper?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australasian snapper">Australasian snapper</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bull_shark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bull shark">bull sharks</a>. The waters of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Bay">Moreton Bay</a> are home to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dugong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dugong">dugongs</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humpback_whale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humpback whale">humpback whales</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dolphin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dolphin">dolphins</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scylla_serrata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scylla serrata">mud crabs</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mictyris_longicarpus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mictyris longicarpus">soldier crabs</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thenus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thenus">Moreton Bay bugs</a> and numerous <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shellfish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shellfish">shellfish</a> species. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koala">koala</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Graceful_tree_frog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Graceful tree frog">graceful tree frog</a> are the official faunal emblems of Brisbane, however both are increasingly less common due to the effects of increased development and climate-change.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-124">[124]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Climate_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Climate of Brisbane">Climate of Brisbane</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Storm_over_the_Brisbane_city_centre.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Storm_over_the_Brisbane_city_centre.jpg/220px-Storm_over_the_Brisbane_city_centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Storm_over_the_Brisbane_city_centre.jpg/220px-Storm_over_the_Brisbane_city_centre.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Storm_over_the_Brisbane_city_centre.jpg/330px-Storm_over_the_Brisbane_city_centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Storm_over_the_Brisbane_city_centre.jpg/440px-Storm_over_the_Brisbane_city_centre.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Lightning over the Brisbane city centre, February 2020 </figcaption> </figure> Brisbane has a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: Cfa)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-127">[127]</a> with hot, wet summers and moderately drier, mild winters.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-129">[129]</a> Brisbane experiences an annual mean minimum of 16.6 °C (62 °F) and mean maximum of 26.6 °C (80 °F), making it Australia's second-hottest capital city after <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto1-130">[130]</a> Seasonality is not pronounced, and average maximum temperatures of above 26 °C (79 °F) persist from October through to April. Due to its proximity to the Coral Sea and a warm ocean current, Brisbane's overall temperature variability is somewhat less than most Australian capitals. Summers are long, hot, and wet, but temperatures only occasionally reach 35 °C (95 °F) or more. Eighty percent of summer days record a maximum temperature of 27 to 33 °C (81 to 91 °F). Winters are short and warm, with average maximums of about 22 °C (72 °F); maximum temperatures below 20 °C (68 °F) are rare. The city's highest recorded temperature was 43.2 °C (109.8 °F) on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australia_Day?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australia Day">Australia Day</a> 1940 at the Brisbane Regional Office,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ReferenceB-131">[131]</a> with the highest temperature at the current station being 41.7 °C (107.1 °F) on 22 February 2004;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-132">[132]</a> but temperatures above 38 °C (100 °F) are uncommon. On 19 July 2007, Brisbane's temperature fell below the freezing point for the first time since records began, registering −0.1 °C (31.8 °F) at the airport station.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The city station has never dropped below 2 °C (36 °F),<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ReferenceA-134">[134]</a> with the average coldest night during winter being around 6 °C (43 °F), however locations in the west of the metropolitan area such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ipswich,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ipswich, Queensland">Ipswich</a> have dropped as low as −5 °C (23 °F) with heavy ground frost.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-135">[135]</a> In 2009, Brisbane recorded its hottest winter day (from June to August) at 35.4 °C (95.7 °F) on 24 August;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The average July day however is around 22 °C (72 °F) with sunny skies and low humidity, occasionally as high as 27 °C (81 °F), whilst maximum temperatures below 18 °C (64 °F) are uncommon and usually associated with brief periods of cloud and winter rain.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ReferenceA-134">[134]</a> The highest minimum temperature ever recorded in Brisbane was 28.0 °C (82.4 °F) on 29 January 1940 and again on 21 January 2017, whilst the lowest maximum temperature was 10.2 °C (50.4 °F) on 12 August 1954.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ReferenceB-131">[131]</a> Annual precipitation is ample. From November to March, thunderstorms are common over Brisbane, with the more severe events accompanied by large damaging hail stones, torrential rain and destructive winds. On an annual basis, Brisbane averages 124 clear days, with overcast skies more common in the warmer months.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Dewpoints in the summer average at around 20 °C (68 °F); the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apparent_temperature?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apparent temperature">apparent temperature</a> exceeds 30 °C (86 °F) on almost all summer days.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ReferenceA-134">[134]</a> Brisbane's wettest day occurred on 21 January 1887, when 465 millimetres (18.3 in) of rain fell on the city, the highest maximum daily rainfall of Australia's capital cities. The wettest month on record was February 1893, when 1,025.9 millimetres (40.39 in) of rain fell, although in the last 30 years the record monthly rainfall has been a much lower 479.8 millimetres (18.89 in) from December 2010. Very occasionally a whole month will pass with no recorded rainfall, the last time this happened was August 1991.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ReferenceB-131">[131]</a> The city has suffered four major floods since its founding, in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1893_Brisbane_flood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1893 Brisbane flood">February 1893</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1974_Brisbane_Flood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1974 Brisbane Flood">January 1974</a> (partially a result of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyclone_Wanda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclone Wanda">Cyclone Wanda</a>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Queensland_floods?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2010–2011 Queensland floods">January 2011</a> (partially a result of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyclone_Tasha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyclone Tasha">Cyclone Tasha</a>) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022_eastern_Australia_floods?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022 eastern Australia floods">February 2022</a>. Brisbane is within the southern reaches of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tropical_cyclone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tropical cyclone">tropical cyclone</a> risk zone. Full-strength tropical cyclones rarely affect Brisbane, but occasionally do so. The biggest risk is from ex-tropical cyclones, which can cause destructive winds and flooding rains.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The average annual temperature of the sea ranges from 21.0 °C (69.8 °F) in July to 27.0 °C (80.6 °F) in February.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-weather2travel-139">[139]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Brisbane (Brisbane, 1999–2022)</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month</th> <th scope="col">Jan</th> <th scope="col">Feb</th> <th scope="col">Mar</th> <th scope="col">Apr</th> <th scope="col">May</th> <th scope="col">Jun</th> <th scope="col">Jul</th> <th scope="col">Aug</th> <th scope="col">Sep</th> <th scope="col">Oct</th> <th scope="col">Nov</th> <th scope="col">Dec</th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year</th> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0 (104.0)</td> <td style="background: #FC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.7 (107.1)</td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.9 (100.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7 (92.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7 (87.3)</td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0 (84.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1 (84.4)</td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4 (95.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0 (98.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.7 (101.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9 (102.0)</td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.2 (106.2)</td> <td style="background: #FC0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.7 (107.1)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4 (86.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1 (86.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1 (84.4)</td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2 (81.0)</td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5 (76.1)</td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0 (71.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0 (71.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4 (74.1)</td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7 (78.3)</td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1 (80.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3 (82.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.6 (85.3)</td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.6 (79.9)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0 (78.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8 (78.4)</td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8 (76.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3 (72.1)</td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2 (66.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0 (62.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2 (61.2)</td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2 (63.0)</td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8 (67.6)</td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8 (71.2)</td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6 (74.5)</td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0 (77.0)</td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.5 (70.7)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6 (70.9)</td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4 (70.5)</td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2 (68.4)</td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4 (63.3)</td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8 (56.8)</td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 (53.4)</td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 (50.7)</td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 (51.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9 (57.0)</td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5 (61.7)</td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8 (65.8)</td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5 (68.9)</td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.4 (61.5)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F)</th> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0 (62.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFAC59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5 (61.7)</td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 (54.0)</td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 (50.0)</td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 (41.0)</td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 (41.0)</td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 (36.7)</td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1 (39.4)</td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 (44.6)</td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 (47.8)</td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 (51.4)</td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0 (57.2)</td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.6 (36.7)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Precipitation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches)</th> <td style="background: #31FF31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">138.1 (5.44)</td> <td style="background: #00CF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185.2 (7.29)</td> <td style="background: #3AFF3A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">131.6 (5.18)</td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.3 (2.41)</td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.1 (2.41)</td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.8 (2.51)</td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5 (1.08)</td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2 (1.35)</td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6 (1.05)</td> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.3 (3.40)</td> <td style="background: #6BFF6B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.7 (3.77)</td> <td style="background: #3EFF3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">129.1 (5.08)</td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,011.5 (39.82)</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm)</th> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2</td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10</td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7</td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7</td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6</td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6</td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8</td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5</td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6</td> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1</td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6</td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9</td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">81.6</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average afternoon <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relative_humidity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%)</th> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57</td> <td style="background: #1D1DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">59</td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57</td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54</td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49</td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52</td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44</td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43</td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48</td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51</td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56</td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57</td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">52</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunshine_duration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a></th> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">267</td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">235</td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">233</td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">237</td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">239</td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198</td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">239</td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">270</td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">267</td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">270</td> <td style="background: #EAEA01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">273</td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">264</td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,989</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunshine_duration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a></th> <td style="background: #FFFF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63</td> <td style="background: #FFFF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65</td> <td style="background: #FFFF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62</td> <td style="background: #FFFF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69</td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71</td> <td style="background: #FFFF68; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63</td> <td style="background: #FFFF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73</td> <td style="background: #FFFFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78</td> <td style="background: #FFFF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74</td> <td style="background: #FFFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68</td> <td style="background: #FFFF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67</td> <td style="background: #FFFF63; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62</td> <td style="background: #FFFF7C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">68</td> </tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ultraviolet_index?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a></th> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13</td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12</td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10</td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7</td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5</td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4</td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4</td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5</td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7</td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10</td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12</td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13</td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-140">[140]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Urban_structure">Urban structure</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Urban structure" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Mount_Coot-tha_Lookout,_2023,_01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Mount_Coot-tha_Lookout%2C_2023%2C_01.jpg/220px-Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Mount_Coot-tha_Lookout%2C_2023%2C_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Mount_Coot-tha_Lookout%2C_2023%2C_01.jpg/220px-Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Mount_Coot-tha_Lookout%2C_2023%2C_01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Mount_Coot-tha_Lookout%2C_2023%2C_01.jpg/330px-Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Mount_Coot-tha_Lookout%2C_2023%2C_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Mount_Coot-tha_Lookout%2C_2023%2C_01.jpg/440px-Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Mount_Coot-tha_Lookout%2C_2023%2C_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_CBD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisbane CBD">Brisbane CBD</a> and surrounding metropolitan area from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Coot-tha_Lookout?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Coot-tha Lookout">Mount Coot-tha Lookout</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taylor_Range?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taylor Range">Taylor Range</a> </figcaption> </figure> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_central_business_district?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane central business district">Brisbane central business district</a> (CBD, colloquially referred to as "the city") lies in a curve of the Brisbane river. The CBD covers 2.2 km2 (0.8 sq mi) and is walkable. Most central streets are named after members of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/House_of_Hanover?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="House of Hanover">House of Hanover</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Street, Brisbane">Queen Street</a> (named in honour of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Victoria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a>) is Brisbane's traditional <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_street?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Main street">main street</a> and contains its largest <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pedestrian_zone?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pedestrian zone">pedestrian mall</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Street_Mall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Street Mall">Queen Street Mall</a>. Streets named after female members (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adelaide_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adelaide Street, Brisbane">Adelaide</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alice_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alice Street, Brisbane">Alice</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ann_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ann Street, Brisbane">Ann</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charlotte_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charlotte Street, Brisbane">Charlotte</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elizabeth_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elizabeth Street, Brisbane">Elizabeth</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Margaret_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Margaret Street, Brisbane">Margaret</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mary_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mary Street, Brisbane">Mary</a>) run parallel to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Street, Brisbane">Queen Street</a> and perpendicular to streets named after male members (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albert_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albert Street, Brisbane">Albert</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Street, Brisbane">Edward</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Street, Brisbane">George</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Street, Brisbane">William</a>). The CBD's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Town_square?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Town square">squares</a> include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/King_George_Square?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="King George Square">King George Square</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Post_Office_Square,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Post Office Square, Brisbane">Post Office Square</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ANZAC_Square,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ANZAC Square, Brisbane">ANZAC Square</a> (home to the city's central <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/War_memorial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="War memorial">war memorial</a>). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD,_October_2018,_03.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD%2C_October_2018%2C_03.jpg/220px-River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD%2C_October_2018%2C_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD%2C_October_2018%2C_03.jpg/220px-River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD%2C_October_2018%2C_03.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD%2C_October_2018%2C_03.jpg/330px-River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD%2C_October_2018%2C_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD%2C_October_2018%2C_03.jpg/440px-River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD%2C_October_2018%2C_03.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_CBD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisbane CBD">CBD</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank, Queensland">South Bank</a> fronts the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane River</a> </figcaption> </figure> At the broadest level, Brisbane's metropolitan area is informally divided into the northside and the southside, with the dividing line being the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane River</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-141">[141]</a> as crossing one of the 15 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bridges_over_the_Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bridges over the Brisbane River">bridges across the river</a> is required to travel to the opposite side by land transport. Due to the river's winding trajectory, this results in many areas which are south of the CBD being classified as located in the northside, and vice versa. At a more specific level, the metropolitan area contains informal regions including the northern, southern, eastern and western suburbs, the bayside suburbs along the Moreton Bay coastline, and the Moreton Bay, Redland, Logan and Ipswich regions in the outer north, east, south and west respectively. Greater Brisbane had a density of 159 inhabitants per square kilometre (410/sq mi) in 2021.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto5-2">[2]</a> Like most Australian cities, Brisbane has a sprawling metropolitan area which takes in excess of one hour to traverse either north to south or east to west by car without traffic. From the 1970s onwards, there has been a large increase in the construction of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apartment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apartment">apartment</a> developments, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Low-rise_building?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Low-rise building">mid-rise</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/High-rise_building?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="High-rise building">high rise</a> buildings, which has quickened in the 21st century. At the 2021 census, 73.4% of residents lived in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Single-family_detached_home?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Single-family detached home">separate houses</a>, 14.7% lived in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apartment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apartment">apartments</a>, and 11.4% lived in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Townhouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Townhouse">townhouses</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terrace_house?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrace house">terrace houses</a>, or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semidetached?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Semidetached">semidetached</a> houses.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto5-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Parklands">Parklands</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Parklands" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Tree_lined_avenue_at_the_City_Botanic_Gardens,_Brisbane.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tree_lined_avenue_at_the_City_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Brisbane.jpg/220px-Tree_lined_avenue_at_the_City_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Brisbane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tree_lined_avenue_at_the_City_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Brisbane.jpg/220px-Tree_lined_avenue_at_the_City_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Brisbane.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tree_lined_avenue_at_the_City_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Brisbane.jpg/330px-Tree_lined_avenue_at_the_City_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Brisbane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Tree_lined_avenue_at_the_City_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Brisbane.jpg/440px-Tree_lined_avenue_at_the_City_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Brisbane.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficus_macrophylla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ficus macrophylla">Moreton Bay figs</a> at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_Botanic_Gardens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City Botanic Gardens">City Botanic Gardens</a> </figcaption> </figure> Brisbane's major parklands include the riverside <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_Botanic_Gardens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City Botanic Gardens">City Botanic Gardens</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gardens_Point,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gardens Point, Brisbane">Gardens Point</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Street_Parkland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Street Parkland">Roma Street Parkland</a>, the 27-hectare <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victoria_Park,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victoria Park, Brisbane">Victoria Park</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spring_Hill,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spring Hill, Queensland">Spring Hill</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herston,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herston, Queensland">Herston</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank_Parklands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank Parklands">South Bank Parklands</a> along the river at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank, Queensland">South Bank</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Botanic_Gardens,_Mount_Coot-tha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mount Coot-tha">Brisbane Botanic Gardens</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Coot-tha,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Coot-tha, Queensland">Mount Coot-tha</a> and the riverside <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Farm_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Farm Park">New Farm Park</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Farm,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Farm, Queensland">New Farm</a>. There are many national parks surrounding the Brisbane metropolitan area. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%27Aguilar_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="D'Aguilar National Park">D'Aguilar National Park</a> is a major <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National park">national park</a> along the northwest of the metropolitan area in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%27Aguilar_Range?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="D'Aguilar Range">D'Aguilar Range</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Glass_House_Mountains_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Glass House Mountains National Park">Glass House Mountains National Park</a> is located to the north of the metropolitan area in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Glass_House_Mountains,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Glass House Mountains, Queensland">Glass House Mountains</a> and provides green space between the Brisbane metropolitan area and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunshine_Coast,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunshine Coast, Queensland">Sunshine Coast</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tamborine_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tamborine National Park">Tamborine National Park</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tamborine_Mountain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tamborine Mountain">Tamborine Mountain</a> is located in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gold_Coast_hinterland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gold Coast hinterland">Gold Coast hinterland</a> to the south of the metropolitan area. The eastern metropolitan area is built along the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Bay_Marine_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Bay Marine Park">Moreton Bay Marine Park</a>, encompassing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Bay">Moreton Bay</a>. Significant areas of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Island">Moreton</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Stradbroke_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Stradbroke Island">North Stradbroke</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bribie_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bribie Island">Bribie</a> islands also covered by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Island_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Moreton Island National Park">Moreton Island National Park</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naree_Budjong_Djara_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Naree Budjong Djara National Park">Naree Budjong Djara National Park</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bribie_Island_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bribie Island National Park">Bribie Island National Park</a> respectively. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boondall_Wetlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boondall Wetlands">Boondall Wetlands</a> in the suburb of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boondall,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boondall, Queensland">Boondall</a> include 1,100 hectares of wetlands which are home to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_mangroves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian mangroves">mangroves</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wader?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wader">shorebirds</a> as well as walking tracks. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; background:#ccccff"> Aerial view of inner Brisbane with landmarks marked </div> <div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <table style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;border:1px #ccc solid"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"> <div style="position:relative;left:0px;top:0px;width:900px;height:675px"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:BrisbaneRiver02_gobeirne-edit1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/BrisbaneRiver02_gobeirne-edit1.jpg/900px-BrisbaneRiver02_gobeirne-edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="900" height="675" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 900px;height: 675px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/BrisbaneRiver02_gobeirne-edit1.jpg/900px-BrisbaneRiver02_gobeirne-edit1.jpg" data-width="900" data-height="675" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/BrisbaneRiver02_gobeirne-edit1.jpg/1350px-BrisbaneRiver02_gobeirne-edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/BrisbaneRiver02_gobeirne-edit1.jpg/1800px-BrisbaneRiver02_gobeirne-edit1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <div style="position:absolute;left:780px;top:50px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> 1 </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:445px;top:250px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eleanor_Schonell_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eleanor Schonell Bridge">2</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:720px;top:375px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merivale_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Merivale Bridge">3</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:703px;top:390px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Jolly_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Jolly Bridge">4</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:650px;top:400px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victoria_Bridge,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victoria Bridge, Brisbane">5</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:480px;top:390px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Captain_Cook_Bridge,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Captain Cook Bridge, Brisbane">6</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:550px;top:545px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Story_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Story Bridge">7</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:240px;top:313px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pacific_Motorway_(Brisbane%E2%80%93Brunswick_Heads)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pacific Motorway (Brisbane–Brunswick Heads)">8</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:825px;top:390px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lang_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lang Park">9</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:205px;top:505px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:blue"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norman_Creek_(Queensland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norman Creek (Queensland)">10</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:480px;top:19px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:blue"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxley_Creek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxley Creek">11</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:489px;top:100px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:blue"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane River">12</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:280px;top:575px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:blue"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane River">12</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:860px;top:65px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indooroopilly_Shopping_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indooroopilly Shopping Centre">13</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:350px;top:380px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Gabba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Gabba">14</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:580px;top:375px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:green"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank_Parklands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank Parklands">15</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:590px;top:450px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_central_business_district?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane central business district">16</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:505px;top:245px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> 17 </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:520px;top:425px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:green"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_Botanic_Gardens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City Botanic Gardens">18</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:515px;top:390px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> 19 </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:522px;top:375px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Goodwill_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Goodwill Bridge">20</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:750px;top:600px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> 21 </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:460px;top:325px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mater_Health_Services?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mater Health Services">22</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:725px;top:420px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Street_railway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Street railway station">23</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:740px;top:455px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:green"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Street_Parkland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Street Parkland">24</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:325px;top:575px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:green"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Farm_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Farm Park">25</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:810px;top:520px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:green"> 26 </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:700px;top:625px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Exhibition_Ground?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisbane Exhibition Ground">27</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:455px;top:525px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> 28 </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:760px;top:525px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inner_City_Bypass,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inner City Bypass, Brisbane">29</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:455px;top:85px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:green"> 30 </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:565px;top:546px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:green"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Howard_Smith_Wharves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Howard Smith Wharves">31</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:575px;top:486px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eagle_Street_Pier_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eagle Street Pier ferry wharf">32</a> </div> </div> <div style="position:absolute;left:600px;top:430px;line-height:95%;z-index:1"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Street_Mall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Street Mall">33</a> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table style="width:100%;border:1px #ccc solid"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:0.5%;vertical-align:top"> <table style="width:100%;font-size:85%;line-height:95%"> <tbody> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> 1 </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Walter_Taylor_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Walter Taylor Bridge">Walter Taylor Bridge</a> (road) (left), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albert_Bridge,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albert Bridge, Brisbane">Albert Bridge</a> (rail) (centre), unnamed bridge (rail) (right), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jack_Pesch_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jack Pesch Bridge">Jack Pesch Bridge</a> (far right)</td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eleanor_Schonell_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eleanor Schonell Bridge">2</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eleanor_Schonell_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eleanor Schonell Bridge">Eleanor Schonell Bridge (Green Bridge) (pedestrians, pedal cycles, buses)</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merivale_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Merivale Bridge">3</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merivale_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Merivale Bridge">Merivale Bridge (rail)</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Jolly_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Jolly Bridge">4</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Jolly_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Jolly Bridge">Grey Street Bridge (William Jolly Bridge) (road)</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victoria_Bridge,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victoria Bridge, Brisbane">5</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victoria_Bridge,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victoria Bridge, Brisbane">Victoria Bridge</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Captain_Cook_Bridge,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Captain Cook Bridge, Brisbane">6</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Captain_Cook_Bridge,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Captain Cook Bridge, Brisbane">Captain Cook Bridge</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Story_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Story Bridge">7</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Story_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Story Bridge">Story Bridge</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pacific_Motorway_(Brisbane%E2%80%93Brunswick_Heads)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pacific Motorway (Brisbane–Brunswick Heads)">8</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pacific_Motorway_(Brisbane%E2%80%93Brunswick_Heads)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pacific Motorway (Brisbane–Brunswick Heads)">Pacific Motorway</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 4px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lang_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lang Park">9</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lang_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lang Park">Suncorp Stadium (Lang Park) (Rugby league ground)</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:blue"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norman_Creek_(Queensland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norman Creek (Queensland)">10</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norman_Creek_(Queensland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norman Creek (Queensland)">Norman Creek (Anglican Church Grammar School)</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:blue"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxley_Creek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxley Creek">11</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxley_Creek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxley Creek">Oxley Creek</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:blue"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane River">12</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane River</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indooroopilly_Shopping_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indooroopilly Shopping Centre">13</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indooroopilly_Shopping_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indooroopilly Shopping Centre">Indooroopilly Shoppingtown</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Gabba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Gabba">14</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Gabba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Gabba">"The Gabba" (Brisbane Cricket Ground)</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:green"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank_Parklands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank Parklands">15</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank_Parklands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank Parklands">South Bank arts and recreation precinct</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_central_business_district?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane central business district">16</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_central_business_district?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane central business district">Central business district</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> 17 </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Queensland">University of Queensland</a> (UQ) St Lucia Campus</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> <td style="width:0.5%;vertical-align:top"> <table style="width:100%;font-size:85%;line-height:95%"> <tbody> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:green"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_Botanic_Gardens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City Botanic Gardens">18</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_Botanic_Gardens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City Botanic Gardens">City Botanic Gardens</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> 19 </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_University_of_Technology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland University of Technology">Queensland University of Technology</a> (QUT) Gardens Point Campus</td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Goodwill_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Goodwill Bridge">20</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Goodwill_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Goodwill Bridge">Goodwill Bridge (pedestrians and pedal cycles)</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> 21 </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px">The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Brisbane_and_Women%27s_Hospital?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital">Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mater_Health_Services?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mater Health Services">22</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mater_Health_Services?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mater Health Services">Mater Private Hospital</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Street_railway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Street railway station">23</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Street_railway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Street railway station">Roma Street Rail Station</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:green"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Street_Parkland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Street Parkland">24</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Street_Parkland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Street Parkland">Roma Street Parkland</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:green"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Farm_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Farm Park">25</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Farm_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Farm Park">New Farm Park and Powerhouse</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:green"> 26 </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px">Victoria Park Golf Course</td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Exhibition_Ground?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisbane Exhibition Ground">27</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Exhibition_Ground?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisbane Exhibition Ground">Brisbane Exhibition Ground</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> 28 </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Brisbane_Riverwalk" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane Riverwalk</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inner_City_Bypass,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inner City Bypass, Brisbane">29</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inner_City_Bypass,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inner City Bypass, Brisbane">Inner City Bypass (rail) (left) (road) (right)</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:green"> 30 </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indooroopilly,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indooroopilly, Queensland">Indooroopilly</a> Golf Course</td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:green"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Howard_Smith_Wharves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Howard Smith Wharves">31</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Howard_Smith_Wharves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Howard Smith Wharves">Howard Smith Wharves</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eagle_Street_Pier_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eagle Street Pier ferry wharf">32</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eagle_Street_Pier_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eagle Street Pier ferry wharf">Eagle Street Pier</a></td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td style="width:12px;text-align:right;padding-bottom:2px"> <div style="display:inline-block;width:auto;height:auto;text-align:center;padding:0px 2px;vertical-align:middle;border-radius:3px;background-color:red"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Street_Mall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Street Mall">33</a> </div></td> <td style="padding-bottom:2px"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Street_Mall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Street Mall">Queen Street Mall</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Architecture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Further information: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of tallest buildings in Brisbane">List of tallest buildings in Brisbane</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queenslander_(architecture)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queenslander (architecture)">Queenslander (architecture)</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Commissariat_Store,_Brisbane_10.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Commissariat_Store%2C_Brisbane_10.jpg/220px-Commissariat_Store%2C_Brisbane_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2844" data-file-height="2366"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 183px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Commissariat_Store%2C_Brisbane_10.jpg/220px-Commissariat_Store%2C_Brisbane_10.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="183" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Commissariat_Store%2C_Brisbane_10.jpg/330px-Commissariat_Store%2C_Brisbane_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Commissariat_Store%2C_Brisbane_10.jpg/440px-Commissariat_Store%2C_Brisbane_10.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commissariat_Store,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commissariat Store, Brisbane">Commissariat Store</a> dates back to 1828 and was built by convicts. </figcaption> </figure> Brisbane has a number of heritage buildings, some of which date back to the 1820s, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Old_Windmill,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Old Windmill, Brisbane">The Old Windmill</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wickham_Park,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wickham Park, Brisbane">Wickham Park</a>, built by convict labour in 1824,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-143">[143]</a> which is the oldest surviving building in Brisbane, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commissariat_Store,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commissariat Store, Brisbane">Commissariat Store</a> on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Street, Brisbane">William Street</a>, built by convict labour in 1828, which was originally used as a grain house, and is now the home of the Royal Historical Society of Brisbane and contains a museum.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Other 19th and early 20th-century buildings of architectural significance include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Treasury_Building,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Treasury Building, Brisbane">Treasury Building</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_City_Hall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane City Hall">City Hall</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Customs_House,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Customs House, Brisbane">Customs House</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Land_Administration_Building?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Land Administration Building">Land Administration Building</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MacArthur_Chambers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MacArthur Chambers">MacArthur Chambers</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Mansions,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Mansions, Brisbane">The Mansions</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Australia_Bank_(308_Queen_Street)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Australia Bank (308 Queen Street)">National Australia Bank Building</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federation_architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federation architecture">Federation-style</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/People%27s_Palace,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="People's Palace, Brisbane">People's Palace</a>, a former temperance hotel on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Street, Brisbane">Edward Street</a>. One of the oldest synagogues in the Queensland area is the Brisbane Synagogue located on Margaret Street in Brisbane city. This historic synagogue can be attributed as the “centerpiece of the Jewish community’s presence in the state”(Arnold,Creese 157). It was established in 1866 and designed by architect Arthur Morry. Another architect by the name of Andrea Stombuco has also been credited as a designer of the synagogue by previous members of the community(Arnold,Creese 157). The architectural design of this historic synagogue is in the style of Neo-Moorish also known as Byzantine style.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-147">[147]</a>Creese, Arnold 2021,p.157-187. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCreeseArnold" class="citation journal cs1">Creese, Jennifer; Arnold, Joyce. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://research.ebsco.com/linkprocessor/plink?id%3D074d65ad-16ee-36b6-8eb9-297eece43127.">"The Architectural Provenance of the Margaret Street Synagogue, Brisbane"</a>. Australian Journal of Jewish Studies. 34: 157–187.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Jewish+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Architectural+Provenance+of+the+Margaret+Street+Synagogue%2C+Brisbane&rft.volume=34&rft.pages=157-187&rft.aulast=Creese&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Arnold%2C+Joyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch.ebsco.com%2Flinkprocessor%2Fplink%3Fid%3D074d65ad-16ee-36b6-8eb9-297eece43127.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Queenslander_style_house_in_Sherwood,_Queensland,_2022,_03.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Queenslander_style_house_in_Sherwood%2C_Queensland%2C_2022%2C_03.jpg/220px-Queenslander_style_house_in_Sherwood%2C_Queensland%2C_2022%2C_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3089" data-file-height="2464"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 175px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Queenslander_style_house_in_Sherwood%2C_Queensland%2C_2022%2C_03.jpg/220px-Queenslander_style_house_in_Sherwood%2C_Queensland%2C_2022%2C_03.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="175" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Queenslander_style_house_in_Sherwood%2C_Queensland%2C_2022%2C_03.jpg/330px-Queenslander_style_house_in_Sherwood%2C_Queensland%2C_2022%2C_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Queenslander_style_house_in_Sherwood%2C_Queensland%2C_2022%2C_03.jpg/440px-Queenslander_style_house_in_Sherwood%2C_Queensland%2C_2022%2C_03.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queenslander_(architecture)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queenslander (architecture)">Queenslander</a>-style house in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sherwood,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sherwood, Queensland">Sherwood</a>, a suburb of Brisbane </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queenslander_(architecture)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queenslander (architecture)">Queenslander</a>-style housing is common in Brisbane.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LinOsb-148">[148]</a> Queenslander homes typically feature timber construction with large <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verandah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Verandah">verandahs</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gable_roof?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gable roof">gabled</a> corrugated iron roofs, and high ceilings. Most of these houses are elevated on stumps (also called stilts), traditionally built of timber, which allow for a void under the houses which aids in cooling. The relatively low cost of timber in south-east Queensland meant that until recently, most residences were constructed of timber, rather than brick or stone.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Early legislation decreed a minimum size for residential blocks leading to few <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terrace_house?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrace house">terrace houses</a> being constructed in Brisbane.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The high-density housing that historically existed came in the form of miniature <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queenslander_(architecture)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queenslander (architecture)">Queenslander</a>-style houses which resemble the much larger traditional styles, but are sometimes only one-quarter the size.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] These houses are most common in the inner-city suburbs. Brisbane is home to several of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of tallest buildings in Australia">Australia's tallest buildings</a>. All of Brisbane's skyscrapers (buildings with a height greater than 150 m (490 ft)) are located within the CBD, but the inner suburbs are also home to a number of high-density buildings, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torbreck,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Torbreck, Brisbane">Torbreck</a> being the first high-rise and mix-use residential development in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>. Brisbane's 91-metre City Hall was the city's tallest building for decades after its completion in 1930 and was finally surpassed in 1970, which marked the beginning of the widespread construction of high-rise buildings.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of tallest buildings in Brisbane">Brisbane's tallest building</a> is currently <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Skytower?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Skytower">Brisbane Skytower</a>, which has a height of 270 m (890 ft).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Architecturally prominent skyscrapers include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harry_Seidler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harry Seidler">Harry Seidler</a>-designed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riparian_Plaza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riparian Plaza">Riparian Plaza</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/One_One_One_Eagle_Street?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="One One One Eagle Street">One One One Eagle Street</a>, which incorporates LED lighting resembling the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buttress_root?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buttress root">buttress roots</a> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficus_macrophylla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ficus macrophylla">Moreton Bay fig</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1_William_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1 William Street, Brisbane">1 William Street</a>, the headquarters of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Government">Queensland Government</a>. <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 200px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:People%27s_Palace_with_288_Edward_Street,_Brisbane_in_the_background,_April_2020,_01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Former temperance hotel, the People's Palace, was built in the Federation Filigree style between 1910 and 1911."> <noscript> <img alt="Former temperance hotel, the People's Palace, was built in the Federation Filigree style between 1910 and 1911." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/People%27s_Palace_with_288_Edward_Street%2C_Brisbane_in_the_background%2C_April_2020%2C_01.jpg/180px-People%27s_Palace_with_288_Edward_Street%2C_Brisbane_in_the_background%2C_April_2020%2C_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3268" data-file-height="2641"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/People%27s_Palace_with_288_Edward_Street%2C_Brisbane_in_the_background%2C_April_2020%2C_01.jpg/180px-People%27s_Palace_with_288_Edward_Street%2C_Brisbane_in_the_background%2C_April_2020%2C_01.jpg" data-alt="Former temperance hotel, the People's Palace, was built in the Federation Filigree style between 1910 and 1911." data-width="180" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/People%27s_Palace_with_288_Edward_Street%2C_Brisbane_in_the_background%2C_April_2020%2C_01.jpg/270px-People%27s_Palace_with_288_Edward_Street%2C_Brisbane_in_the_background%2C_April_2020%2C_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/People%27s_Palace_with_288_Edward_Street%2C_Brisbane_in_the_background%2C_April_2020%2C_01.jpg/360px-People%27s_Palace_with_288_Edward_Street%2C_Brisbane_in_the_background%2C_April_2020%2C_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Former <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temperance_movement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Temperance movement">temperance</a> hotel, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/People%27s_Palace,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="People's Palace, Brisbane">People's Palace</a>, was built in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federation_architecture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federation architecture">Federation Filigree style</a> between 1910 and 1911. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 200px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:The_Manor_Apartment_Hotel,_Brisbane,_Queensland,_2020.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Manor Apartment Hotel, completed in 1931"> <noscript> <img alt="Manor Apartment Hotel, completed in 1931" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/The_Manor_Apartment_Hotel%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland%2C_2020.jpg/127px-The_Manor_Apartment_Hotel%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland%2C_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 127px;height: 170px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/The_Manor_Apartment_Hotel%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland%2C_2020.jpg/127px-The_Manor_Apartment_Hotel%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland%2C_2020.jpg" data-alt="Manor Apartment Hotel, completed in 1931" data-width="127" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/The_Manor_Apartment_Hotel%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland%2C_2020.jpg/191px-The_Manor_Apartment_Hotel%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland%2C_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/The_Manor_Apartment_Hotel%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland%2C_2020.jpg/255px-The_Manor_Apartment_Hotel%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland%2C_2020.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manor_Apartment_Hotel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manor Apartment Hotel">Manor Apartment Hotel</a>, completed in 1931 </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 200px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Shrine_of_Remembrance_square_view,_Brisbane_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Shrine of Remembrance at ANZAC Square, a major memorial in Brisbane"> <noscript> <img alt="Shrine of Remembrance at ANZAC Square, a major memorial in Brisbane" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Shrine_of_Remembrance_square_view%2C_Brisbane_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Shrine_of_Remembrance_square_view%2C_Brisbane_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2962" data-file-height="2222"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Shrine_of_Remembrance_square_view%2C_Brisbane_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Shrine_of_Remembrance_square_view%2C_Brisbane_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Shrine of Remembrance at ANZAC Square, a major memorial in Brisbane" data-width="180" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Shrine_of_Remembrance_square_view%2C_Brisbane_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-Shrine_of_Remembrance_square_view%2C_Brisbane_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Shrine_of_Remembrance_square_view%2C_Brisbane_%28cropped%29.jpg/360px-Shrine_of_Remembrance_square_view%2C_Brisbane_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shrine_of_Remembrance,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shrine of Remembrance, Brisbane">Shrine of Remembrance</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ANZAC_Square,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ANZAC Square, Brisbane">ANZAC Square</a>, a major memorial in Brisbane </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 200px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Skylines_of_Brisbane_from_Kangaroo_Point_Cliffs_Park,_2020,_03.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Brisbane Skytower, Brisbane's tallest building"> <noscript> <img alt="Brisbane Skytower, Brisbane's tallest building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Skylines_of_Brisbane_from_Kangaroo_Point_Cliffs_Park%2C_2020%2C_03.jpg/127px-Skylines_of_Brisbane_from_Kangaroo_Point_Cliffs_Park%2C_2020%2C_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 127px;height: 170px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Skylines_of_Brisbane_from_Kangaroo_Point_Cliffs_Park%2C_2020%2C_03.jpg/127px-Skylines_of_Brisbane_from_Kangaroo_Point_Cliffs_Park%2C_2020%2C_03.jpg" data-alt="Brisbane Skytower, Brisbane's tallest building" data-width="127" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Skylines_of_Brisbane_from_Kangaroo_Point_Cliffs_Park%2C_2020%2C_03.jpg/191px-Skylines_of_Brisbane_from_Kangaroo_Point_Cliffs_Park%2C_2020%2C_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Skylines_of_Brisbane_from_Kangaroo_Point_Cliffs_Park%2C_2020%2C_03.jpg/255px-Skylines_of_Brisbane_from_Kangaroo_Point_Cliffs_Park%2C_2020%2C_03.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Skytower?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Skytower">Brisbane Skytower</a>, Brisbane's tallest building </div></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demographics_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demographics of Brisbane">Demographics of Brisbane</a> </div> Brisbane's Greater Capital City Statistical Area includes the Local Government Areas of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Brisbane">City of Brisbane</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Ipswich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Ipswich">City of Ipswich</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Moreton_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Moreton Bay">City of Moreton Bay</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logan_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logan City">Logan City</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Redland_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redland City">Redland City</a>, as well as parts of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lockyer_Valley_Region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lockyer Valley Region">Lockyer Valley Region</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scenic_Rim_Region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scenic Rim Region">Scenic Rim Region</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Somerset_Region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Somerset Region">Somerset Region</a>, which form a continuous metropolitan area. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a> estimates that the population of Greater Brisbane is 2,706,966 as of June 2023,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-abs.gov.au-1">[1]</a> making it the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Australia_by_population?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of cities in Australia by population">third-largest city</a> in Australia. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ancestry_and_immigration">Ancestry and immigration</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Ancestry and immigration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right;"> <caption> Country of birth (2021)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto5-2">[2]</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Birthplace<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-150">[N 1]</a></th> <th>Population</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td>1,726,655</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td> <td>111,649</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="England">England</a></td> <td>95,284</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India">India</a></td> <td>51,650</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mainland_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a></td> <td>41,978</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td> <td>27,907</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Africa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td> <td>26,918</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vietnam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></td> <td>20,308</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Korea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td> <td>13,305</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taiwan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></td> <td>12,826</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scotland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></td> <td>11,956</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaysia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td> <td>11,826</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiji?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></td> <td>10,800</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/United_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>10,530</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hong_Kong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong SAR</a></td> <td>9,799</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Brisbane_density.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Brisbane_density.jpg/170px-Brisbane_density.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3535"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Brisbane_density.jpg/170px-Brisbane_density.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Brisbane_density.jpg/255px-Brisbane_density.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Brisbane_density.jpg/340px-Brisbane_density.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Brisbane population density </figcaption> </figure> At the 2021 census, the most commonly nominated ancestries were: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 13em;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/English_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="English Australians">English</a> (32.5%)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australians">Australian</a> (31.6%)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-152">[N 2]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irish_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irish Australians">Irish</a> (11.1%)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scottish_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scottish Australians">Scottish</a> (10.1%)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/German_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="German Australians">German</a> (5.7%)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese Australians">Chinese</a> (4.7%)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indonesian_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indonesian Australians">Indonesian</a> (3.7%)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal</a> (2.8%)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-153">[N 3]</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italian_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italian Australians">Italian</a> (2.7%)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indian_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indian Australians">Indian</a> (2.4%)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dutch_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dutch Australians">Dutch</a> (1.6%)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filipino_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filipino Australians">Filipino</a> (1.6%)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Māori Australians">Maori</a> (1.5%)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Zealand_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Zealand Australians">New Zealander</a> (1.4%)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samoan_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samoan Australians">Samoan</a> (1.2%)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vietnamese_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vietnamese Australians">Vietnamese</a> (1.1%)</li> </ul> </div> The 2021 census showed that 20.7% of Brisbane's inhabitants were <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Immigration_to_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Immigration to Australia">born overseas</a> and 25.2% of inhabitants had at least one parent born overseas.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto4-154">[151]</a> Brisbane has the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Foreign_born?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Metropolitan_and_Urban_regions_with_largest_foreign_born_populations" title="Foreign born">26th largest immigrant population</a> among world metropolitan areas. Of inhabitants born outside of Australia, the five most prevalent countries of birth were New Zealand, England, India, mainland China and the Philippines. The areas of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunnybank,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunnybank, Queensland">Sunnybank</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-155">[152]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunnybank_Hills,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunnybank Hills, Queensland">Sunnybank Hills</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-156">[153]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stretton,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stretton, Queensland">Stretton</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-157">[154]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Robertson,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Robertson, Queensland">Robertson</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-158">[155]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calamvale,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calamvale, Queensland">Calamvale</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-159">[156]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MacGregor,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MacGregor, Queensland">Macgregor</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-160">[157]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eight_Mile_Plains,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eight Mile Plains, Queensland">Eight Mile Plains</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-161">[158]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Runcorn,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Runcorn, Queensland">Runcorn</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-162">[159]</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rochedale,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rochedale, Queensland">Rochedale</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-163">[160]</a> are home to a large proportion of Brisbane's Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong-born population, with Chinese being the most commonly-reported ancestry in each of these areas. The Vietnamese-born are the largest immigrant group in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inala,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inala, Queensland">Inala</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-164">[161]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Darra,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Darra, Queensland">Darra</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-165">[162]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Durack,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Durack, Queensland">Durack</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-166">[163]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Willawong,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Willawong, Queensland">Willawong</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-167">[164]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richlands,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richlands, Queensland">Richlands</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-168">[165]</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doolandella,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doolandella, Queensland">Doolandella</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-169">[166]</a> The Indian-born are the largest immigrant group in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chermside,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chermside, Queensland">Chermside</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-170">[167]</a> At the 2021 census, 3.0% of Brisbane's population identified as being <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indigenous_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous</a>, which includes <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islanders</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-171">[N 4]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto4-154">[151]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Chinatown_Mall,_Brisbane.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Brisbane's Chinatown. Chinese Australians are Brisbane's largest non-European ancestry."> <noscript> <img alt="Brisbane's Chinatown. Chinese Australians are Brisbane's largest non-European ancestry." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chinatown_Mall%2C_Brisbane.jpg/150px-Chinatown_Mall%2C_Brisbane.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2338" data-file-height="3118"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chinatown_Mall%2C_Brisbane.jpg/150px-Chinatown_Mall%2C_Brisbane.jpg" data-alt="Brisbane's Chinatown. Chinese Australians are Brisbane's largest non-European ancestry." data-width="150" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chinatown_Mall%2C_Brisbane.jpg/225px-Chinatown_Mall%2C_Brisbane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Chinatown_Mall%2C_Brisbane.jpg/300px-Chinatown_Mall%2C_Brisbane.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinatown,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinatown, Brisbane">Brisbane's Chinatown</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese Australians">Chinese Australians</a> are Brisbane's largest non-European ancestry. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:St_John%27s_Cathedral,_Brisbane_facade_in_spring_2017.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="St John's Cathedral, an Anglican cathedral"> <noscript> <img alt="St John's Cathedral, an Anglican cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/St_John%27s_Cathedral%2C_Brisbane_facade_in_spring_2017.jpg/150px-St_John%27s_Cathedral%2C_Brisbane_facade_in_spring_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/St_John%27s_Cathedral%2C_Brisbane_facade_in_spring_2017.jpg/150px-St_John%27s_Cathedral%2C_Brisbane_facade_in_spring_2017.jpg" data-alt="St John's Cathedral, an Anglican cathedral" data-width="150" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/St_John%27s_Cathedral%2C_Brisbane_facade_in_spring_2017.jpg/225px-St_John%27s_Cathedral%2C_Brisbane_facade_in_spring_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/St_John%27s_Cathedral%2C_Brisbane_facade_in_spring_2017.jpg/300px-St_John%27s_Cathedral%2C_Brisbane_facade_in_spring_2017.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_John%27s_Cathedral_(Brisbane)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St John's Cathedral (Brisbane)">St John's Cathedral</a>, an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglican Church of Australia">Anglican</a> cathedral </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 230px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Albert_Street_Uniting_Church,_Brisbane,_October_2021.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Albert Street Uniting Church"> <noscript> <img alt="Albert Street Uniting Church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Albert_Street_Uniting_Church%2C_Brisbane%2C_October_2021.jpg/150px-Albert_Street_Uniting_Church%2C_Brisbane%2C_October_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="191" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2392" data-file-height="3049"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 191px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Albert_Street_Uniting_Church%2C_Brisbane%2C_October_2021.jpg/150px-Albert_Street_Uniting_Church%2C_Brisbane%2C_October_2021.jpg" data-alt="Albert Street Uniting Church" data-width="150" data-height="191" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Albert_Street_Uniting_Church%2C_Brisbane%2C_October_2021.jpg/225px-Albert_Street_Uniting_Church%2C_Brisbane%2C_October_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Albert_Street_Uniting_Church%2C_Brisbane%2C_October_2021.jpg/300px-Albert_Street_Uniting_Church%2C_Brisbane%2C_October_2021.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Albert Street Uniting Church </div></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Language">Language</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> At the 2021 census, 77.3% of inhabitants spoke only English at home,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto4-154">[151]</a> with the next most common languages being <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> (2.5%), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vietnamese_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> (1.1%), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Punjabi_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> (0.9%), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> (0.9%), and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> (0.8%).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto4-154">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Religion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> At the 2021 census, the most commonly cited religious affiliation was "No religion" (41.4%). Brisbane's most popular religion at the 2021 census was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> at 44.3%, the most popular denominations of which were <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catholic Church in Australia">Catholicism</a> (18.6%) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglican Church of Australia">Anglicanism</a> (9.7%). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_central_business_district?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane central business district">Brisbane's CBD</a> is home to two cathedrals – <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_John%27s_Cathedral_(Brisbane)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St John's Cathedral (Brisbane)">St John's</a> (Anglican) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cathedral_of_St_Stephen,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cathedral of St Stephen, Brisbane">St Stephen's</a> (Catholic). The most popular non-Christian religions at the 2021 census were <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hinduism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> (2%), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buddhism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> (1.9%), and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">Muslim</a> (1.8%).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Archived_copy-172">[168]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main articles: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economy_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economy of Brisbane">Economy of Brisbane</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port of Brisbane">Port of Brisbane</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Kangaroo_Point,_Queensland_in_April_2019,_04.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Kangaroo_Point%2C_Queensland_in_April_2019%2C_04.jpg/220px-River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Kangaroo_Point%2C_Queensland_in_April_2019%2C_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3635" data-file-height="2747"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Kangaroo_Point%2C_Queensland_in_April_2019%2C_04.jpg/220px-River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Kangaroo_Point%2C_Queensland_in_April_2019%2C_04.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Kangaroo_Point%2C_Queensland_in_April_2019%2C_04.jpg/330px-River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Kangaroo_Point%2C_Queensland_in_April_2019%2C_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Kangaroo_Point%2C_Queensland_in_April_2019%2C_04.jpg/440px-River_views_of_Brisbane_CBD_seen_from_Kangaroo_Point%2C_Queensland_in_April_2019%2C_04.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The Golden Triangle financial precinct surrounding <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eagle_Street_Pier_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eagle Street Pier ferry wharf">Eagle Street Pier</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_central_business_district?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane central business district">CBD</a> </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Categorised as</a> a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Global_city?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Global city">global city</a>, Brisbane is among <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia-Pacific?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of cities by GDP">cities with largest GDPs</a> and is one of the major business hubs in Australia, with strengths in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mining?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mining">mining</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Banking">banking</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Insurance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Insurance">insurance</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transportation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation">transportation</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Information_technology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Information technology">information technology</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Real_estate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Real estate">real estate</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Food_industry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Food industry">food</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-173">[169]</a> Some of the largest companies headquartered in Brisbane, all among Australia's largest, include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suncorp_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suncorp Group">Suncorp Group</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Virgin_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Virgin Australia">Virgin Australia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aurizon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aurizon">Aurizon</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bank_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bank of Queensland">Bank of Queensland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flight_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flight Centre">Flight Centre</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CUA_(company)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CUA (company)">CUA</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunsuper?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunsuper">Sunsuper</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/QSuper?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="QSuper">QSuper</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domino%27s_Pizza_Enterprises?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domino's Pizza Enterprises">Domino's Pizza Enterprises</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Star_Entertainment_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Star Entertainment Group">Star Entertainment Group</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ALS_Limited?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ALS Limited">ALS</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TechnologyOne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TechnologyOne">TechnologyOne</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NEXTDC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="NEXTDC">NEXTDC</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Super_Retail_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Super Retail Group">Super Retail Group</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Hope_Coal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hope Coal">New Hope Coal</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jumbo_Interactive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jumbo Interactive">Jumbo Interactive</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Storage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Storage">National Storage</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Collins_Foods?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Collins Foods">Collins Foods</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boeing_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boeing Australia">Boeing Australia</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-174">[170]</a> Most major Australian companies, as well as numerous international companies, have contact offices in Brisbane. Brisbane throughout its history has been one of Australia's most important <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seaport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaport">seaport</a> cities. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port of Brisbane">Port of Brisbane</a> is located at the Brisbane River's mouth on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Bay">Moreton Bay</a> and on the adjacent Fisherman's Island, created by means of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Land_reclamation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Land reclamation">land reclamation</a>. It is the 3rd busiest port in Australia for value of goods.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Port_Technology-175">[171]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Containerization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Containerization">Container freight</a>, sugar, grain, coal and bulk liquids are the major exports. Most of the port facilities are less than three decades old and some are built on reclaimed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mangrove?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mangrove">mangroves</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wetlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wetlands">wetlands</a>. The Port is a part of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australia_TradeCoast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australia TradeCoast">Australia TradeCoast</a>, which includes the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Airport">Brisbane Airport</a> along with large industrial estates located along both banks at the mouth of the Brisbane River.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-TradeCoast-176">[172]</a> White-collar industries include information technology, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Financial_services?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Financial services">financial services</a>, higher education and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Public_sector?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Public sector">public sector</a> administration generally concentrated in and around the central business district and satellite hubs located in the inner suburbs such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="South Brisbane">South Brisbane</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortitude_Valley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortitude Valley">Fortitude Valley</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spring_Hill,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spring Hill, Queensland">Spring Hill</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milton,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milton, Queensland">Milton</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toowong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toowong">Toowong</a>. Blue-collar industries, including petroleum refining, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stevedoring?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevedoring">stevedoring</a>, paper milling, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metalworking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metalworking">metalworking</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Rail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Rail">QR</a> railway workshops, tend to be located on the lower reaches of the Brisbane River proximal to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port of Brisbane">Port of Brisbane</a> and in new industrial zones on the urban fringe. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tourism_in_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tourism in Brisbane">Tourism</a> is an important part of the Brisbane economy, both in its own right and as a gateway to other areas of Queensland,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-177">[173]</a> as is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_students?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International students">international education</a>, with over 95,000 international students enrolled in universities and other tertiary education institutions in the central <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Brisbane">City of Brisbane</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Local_government_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Local government area">local government area</a> alone in 2018.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-choosebrisbane.com.au-178">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Retail">Retail</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Retail" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Queen_Street_Mall,_Brisbane_in_Jan_2020.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Queen_Street_Mall%2C_Brisbane_in_Jan_2020.jpg/220px-Queen_Street_Mall%2C_Brisbane_in_Jan_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3740" data-file-height="2805"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Queen_Street_Mall%2C_Brisbane_in_Jan_2020.jpg/220px-Queen_Street_Mall%2C_Brisbane_in_Jan_2020.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Queen_Street_Mall%2C_Brisbane_in_Jan_2020.jpg/330px-Queen_Street_Mall%2C_Brisbane_in_Jan_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Queen_Street_Mall%2C_Brisbane_in_Jan_2020.jpg/440px-Queen_Street_Mall%2C_Brisbane_in_Jan_2020.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Street_Mall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Street Mall">Queen Street Mall</a>, Queensland's largest pedestrian mall </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Retail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Retail">Retail</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_central_business_district?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane central business district">CBD</a> is centred around the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Street_Mall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Street Mall">Queen Street Mall</a>, which is Queensland's largest pedestrian mall. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shopping_mall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shopping mall">Shopping centres</a> in the CBD include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Myer_Centre,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Myer Centre, Brisbane">Uptown (formerly the Myer Centre)</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wintergarden,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wintergarden, Brisbane">Wintergarden</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MacArthur_Central?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MacArthur Central">MacArthur Central</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/QueensPlaza?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="QueensPlaza">QueensPlaza</a>, with the last of these along with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Street, Brisbane">Edward Street</a> forming the city's focus for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luxury_goods?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luxury goods">luxury brands</a>. There are historical shopping arcades at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Arcade?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Arcade">Brisbane Arcade</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tattersalls_Club?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tattersalls Club">Tattersalls Arcade</a>. Suburbs adjacent to the CBD such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortitude_Valley,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fortitude Valley, Queensland">Fortitude Valley</a> (particularly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortitude_Valley,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Commercial_area" title="Fortitude Valley, Queensland">James Street</a>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Brisbane,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Brisbane, Queensland">South Brisbane</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_End,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="West End, Queensland">West End</a> are also a major inner-city retail hubs. Outside of the inner-city, retail is focused on indoor <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shopping_mall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shopping mall">shopping centres</a>, including numerous regional shopping centres along with six super regional shopping centres, all of which are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_largest_shopping_centres_in_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of largest shopping centres in Australia">among Australia's largest</a>, namely: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Westfield_Chermside?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Westfield Chermside">Westfield Chermside</a> in the north; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Westfield_Mt_Gravatt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Westfield Mt Gravatt">Westfield Mt Gravatt</a> in the south; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Westfield_Carindale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Westfield Carindale">Westfield Carindale</a> in the east; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indooroopilly_Shopping_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indooroopilly Shopping Centre">Indooroopilly Shopping Centre</a> in the west; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Westfield_North_Lakes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Westfield North Lakes">Westfield North Lakes</a> in the outer-north; and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logan_Hyperdome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logan Hyperdome">Logan Hyperdome</a> in the outer-south. Brisbane's major <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Outlet_store?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Outlet store">factory outlet centres</a> are the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Direct_Factory_Outlet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Direct Factory Outlet">Direct Factory Outlets</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DFO_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="DFO Brisbane">Skygate</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/DFO_Jindalee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="DFO Jindalee">Jindalee</a>. The 100-hectare (250-acre) <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rocklea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fruit_and_vegetable_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocklea">Brisbane Markets</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rocklea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocklea">Rocklea</a> are Brisbane's largest <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wholesale_marketing_of_food?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wholesale marketing of food">wholesale markets</a>, whilst smaller markets operate at numerous locations throughout the city including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank_Parklands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank Parklands">South Bank Parklands</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Davies_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Davies Park">Davies Park</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_End,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="West End, Queensland">West End, Queensland</a>, and the Eat Street Markets at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamilton,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamilton, Queensland">Hamilton</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Culture_and_sport">Culture and sport</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Culture and sport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Culture_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Culture of Brisbane">Culture of Brisbane</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Popular_entertainment_in_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Popular entertainment in Brisbane">Popular entertainment in Brisbane</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_punk_rock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane punk rock">Brisbane punk rock</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cuisine_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cuisine of Brisbane">Cuisine of Brisbane</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:%22Under_the_Jacaranda%22_by_R_Godfrey_Rivers_-_Queensland_Art_Gallery_-_Joy_of_Museums_-_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%22Under_the_Jacaranda%22_by_R_Godfrey_Rivers_-_Queensland_Art_Gallery_-_Joy_of_Museums_-_2.jpg/170px-%22Under_the_Jacaranda%22_by_R_Godfrey_Rivers_-_Queensland_Art_Gallery_-_Joy_of_Museums_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2580" data-file-height="3548"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 234px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%22Under_the_Jacaranda%22_by_R_Godfrey_Rivers_-_Queensland_Art_Gallery_-_Joy_of_Museums_-_2.jpg/170px-%22Under_the_Jacaranda%22_by_R_Godfrey_Rivers_-_Queensland_Art_Gallery_-_Joy_of_Museums_-_2.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="234" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%22Under_the_Jacaranda%22_by_R_Godfrey_Rivers_-_Queensland_Art_Gallery_-_Joy_of_Museums_-_2.jpg/255px-%22Under_the_Jacaranda%22_by_R_Godfrey_Rivers_-_Queensland_Art_Gallery_-_Joy_of_Museums_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%22Under_the_Jacaranda%22_by_R_Godfrey_Rivers_-_Queensland_Art_Gallery_-_Joy_of_Museums_-_2.jpg/340px-%22Under_the_Jacaranda%22_by_R_Godfrey_Rivers_-_Queensland_Art_Gallery_-_Joy_of_Museums_-_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> One of the most popular works in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Art_Gallery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Art Gallery">Queensland Art Gallery</a>'s collection, Under The Jacaranda (1903) by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richard_Godfrey_Rivers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richard Godfrey Rivers">Richard Godfrey Rivers</a> shows the first jacaranda tree planted in Brisbane. </figcaption> </figure> Brisbane is home to several art galleries, the largest of which are the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Art_Gallery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Art Gallery">Queensland Art Gallery</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Gallery_of_Modern_Art?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland Gallery of Modern Art">Queensland Gallery of Modern Art</a> (GOMA), which is the largest modern art gallery in Australia. GOMA holds the Asia Pacific Triennial (APT) which focuses on contemporary art from the Asia and Pacific in a variety of media from painting to video work. In addition, its size enables the gallery to exhibit particularly large shows. GOMA houses the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Cin%C3%A9math%C3%A8que?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Cinémathèque">Australian Cinémathèque</a>, a dedicated film facility offering a diverse program of screenings, including international cinema, influential filmmakers, rare prints, restorations and silent films with a live musical accompaniment. Screenings take place Wednesday and Friday nights, as well as matinees on weekends. Most screenings are free admission.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-179">[175]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:QPAC_Exterior.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/QPAC_Exterior.jpg/220px-QPAC_Exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/QPAC_Exterior.jpg/220px-QPAC_Exterior.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/QPAC_Exterior.jpg/330px-QPAC_Exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/QPAC_Exterior.jpg/440px-QPAC_Exterior.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Performing_Arts_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Performing Arts Centre">Queensland Performing Arts Centre</a> </figcaption> </figure> Dramatic and musical theatre performances are held at the multiple large theatres located at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Performing_Arts_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Performing Arts Centre">Queensland Performing Arts Centre</a> (QPAC). The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Powerhouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Powerhouse">Brisbane Powerhouse</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Farm,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Farm, Queensland">New Farm</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judith_Wright_Arts_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judith Wright Arts Centre">Judith Wright Arts Centre</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortitude_Valley,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fortitude Valley, Queensland">Fortitude Valley</a> also feature diverse programs featuring exhibitions and festivals of visual art, music and dance. Brisbane is also home to numerous small theatres including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Arts_Theatre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Arts Theatre">Brisbane Arts Theatre</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrie_Terrace,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrie Terrace, Queensland">Petrie Terrace</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Boite_Theatre_Company?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Boite Theatre Company">La Boite Theatre Company</a> which performs at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roundhouse_Theatre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roundhouse Theatre">Roundhouse Theatre</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kelvin_Grove,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kelvin Grove, Queensland">Kelvin Grove</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Twelfth_Night_Theatre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Twelfth Night Theatre">Twelfth Night Theatre</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bowen_Hills,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bowen Hills, Queensland">Bowen Hills</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metro_Arts_Theatre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metro Arts Theatre">Metro Arts Theatre</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edward_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edward Street, Brisbane">Edward Street</a>, and the Queensland Theatre Company's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bille_Brown_Theatre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bille Brown Theatre">Bille Brown Theatre</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_End,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="West End, Queensland">West End</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Performing_Arts_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Performing Arts Centre">Queensland Performing Arts Centre</a> (QPAC) at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank, Queensland">South Bank</a>, consists of the Lyric Theatre, the Concert Hall, the Cremorne Theatre and the Playhouse Theatre and is home to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Ballet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Ballet">Queensland Ballet</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opera_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Opera Queensland">Opera Queensland</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Theatre_Company?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland Theatre Company">Queensland Theatre Company</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Symphony_Orchestra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Symphony Orchestra">Queensland Symphony Orchestra</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Conservatorium_Griffith_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Conservatorium Griffith University">Queensland Conservatorium</a>, a musical conservatorium in which professional music companies and conservatorium students also stage performances, is located within the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank_Parklands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank Parklands">South Bank Parklands</a>. Numerous choirs present performances across the city annually. These choirs include the Brisbane Chorale, Queensland Choir, Brisbane Chamber Choir, Canticum Chamber Choir, ChoirWorks, Imogen Children's Chorale, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Birralee_Voices?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Birralee Voices">Brisbane Birralee Voices</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Go_between_bridge.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Go_between_bridge.jpg/220px-Go_between_bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Go_between_bridge.jpg/220px-Go_between_bridge.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Go_between_bridge.jpg/330px-Go_between_bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Go_between_bridge.jpg/440px-Go_between_bridge.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Go_Between_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Go Between Bridge">Go Between Bridge</a>, named after local jangle pop band <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Go-Betweens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Go-Betweens">the Go-Betweens</a> </figcaption> </figure> Brisbane's live music scene is diverse and its history is often intertwined with social unrest and authoritarian politics, as retold by journalist Andrew Stafford in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pig_City_(music_festival)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pig_City_(book)" title="Pig City (music festival)">Pig City: From The Saints to Savage Garden</a>. Popular live music venues, including pubs and clubs, can be found within both the CBD and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortitude_Valley,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fortitude Valley, Queensland">Fortitude Valley</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-180">[176]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-181">[177]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Entertainment_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Entertainment Centre">Brisbane Entertainment Centre</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boondall,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boondall, Queensland">Boondall</a> hosts many musical concerts, with some of the largest being held at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lang_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lang Park">Lang Park</a>. Musicians from Brisbane include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bee_Gees?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bee Gees">Bee Gees</a> (raised in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Redcliffe,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redcliffe, Queensland">Redcliffe</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cribb_Island,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cribb Island, Queensland">Cribb Island</a>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Saints_(Australian_band)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Saints (Australian band)">the Saints</a> (based in Brisbane since 1974, one of the first <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Punk_rock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> bands), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Go-Betweens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Go-Betweens">the Go-Betweens</a> (after whom Brisbane's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Go_Between_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Go Between Bridge">Go Between Bridge</a> is named, and whose songs and albums, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spring_Hill_Fair?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spring Hill Fair">Spring Hill Fair</a>, reflect the attitudes of 1980s Brisbane), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Savage_Garden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Savage Garden">Savage Garden</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Powderfinger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Powderfinger">Powderfinger</a> (who met at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Grammar_School?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Grammar School">Brisbane Grammar School</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Queensland">University of Queensland</a>), and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Veronicas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Veronicas">the Veronicas</a> (born and raised in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albany_Creek,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Albany Creek, Queensland">Albany Creek</a>). The city is featured in music including the Saints' "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prehistoric_Sounds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prehistoric Sounds">Brisbane (Security City)</a>" (1978); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Stranglers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Stranglers">the Stranglers</a>' "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nuclear_Device_(The_Wizard_of_Aus)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nuclear Device (The Wizard of Aus)">Nuclear Device</a>" (1979) about <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joh_Bjelke-Petersen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joh Bjelke-Petersen">Joh Bjelke-Petersen</a>; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Midnight_Oil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Midnight Oil">Midnight Oil</a>'s single "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dreamworld_(Midnight_Oil_song)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dreamworld (Midnight Oil song)">Dreamworld</a>" (1987); and Powderfinger's album <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vulture_Street_(album)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vulture Street (album)">Vulture Street</a> (2003). <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Exterior_of_the_State_Library_of_Queensland,_2021.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Exterior_of_the_State_Library_of_Queensland%2C_2021.jpg/220px-Exterior_of_the_State_Library_of_Queensland%2C_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2349" data-file-height="1761"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Exterior_of_the_State_Library_of_Queensland%2C_2021.jpg/220px-Exterior_of_the_State_Library_of_Queensland%2C_2021.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Exterior_of_the_State_Library_of_Queensland%2C_2021.jpg/330px-Exterior_of_the_State_Library_of_Queensland%2C_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Exterior_of_the_State_Library_of_Queensland%2C_2021.jpg/440px-Exterior_of_the_State_Library_of_Queensland%2C_2021.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_Library_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State Library of Queensland">State Library of Queensland</a> </figcaption> </figure> Prominent writers from Brisbane include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Malouf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Malouf">David Malouf</a> (whose 1975 novel Johnno is set in Brisbane and at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Grammar_School?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Grammar School">Brisbane Grammar School</a> during <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_War_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World War II">World War II</a>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nick_Earls?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nick Earls">Nick Earls</a> (whose 1996 novel Zigzag Street is set at Zigzag Street in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Red_Hill,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Red Hill, Queensland">Red Hill</a>), and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Li_Cunxin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Li Cunxin">Li Cunxin</a>, author of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mao%27s_Last_Dancer_(book)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mao's Last Dancer (book)">Mao's Last Dancer</a> and artistic director of the Queensland Ballet. Brisbane is a 2018 novel by Russian writer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eugene_Vodolazkin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eugene Vodolazkin">Eugene Vodolazkin</a>. In the novel, the city serves as a metaphor of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Promised_land?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Promised land">promised land</a> for the protagonist. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_Library_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State Library of Queensland">State Library of Queensland</a>, the state's largest library, is located at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Cultural_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Cultural Centre">Queensland Cultural Centre</a>. Since the late 20th century, numerous <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of films shot in Brisbane">films have been shot in Brisbane</a>, and the popular children's animated television series <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bluey_(2018_TV_series)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bluey (2018 TV series)">Bluey</a> is produced and set in Brisbane. Brisbane is home to over 6,000 restaurants and dining establishments,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-182">[178]</a> with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al_fresco_dining?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Al fresco dining">outdoor dining</a> featuring prominently. The most popular cuisines by number of dining establishments are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japanese_cuisine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-183">[179]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinese_cuisine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-184">[180]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modern_Australian_cuisine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Australian cuisine">Modern Australian</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-185">[181]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italian_cuisine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-186">[182]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/American_cuisine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="American cuisine">American</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-187">[183]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indian_cuisine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indian cuisine">Indian</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-188">[184]</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-189">[185]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thenus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thenus">Moreton Bay bugs</a>, less commonly known as flathead lobsters, are an ingredient named for the Brisbane region and which feature commonly in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cuisine_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cuisine of Brisbane">the city's cuisine</a>, along with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macadamia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macadamia">macadamia nuts</a>, also native to the region. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Annual_events">Annual events</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Annual events" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Brisbane_Riverfire_2009_Bridge.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Brisbane_Riverfire_2009_Bridge.jpg/220px-Brisbane_Riverfire_2009_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Brisbane_Riverfire_2009_Bridge.jpg/220px-Brisbane_Riverfire_2009_Bridge.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Brisbane_Riverfire_2009_Bridge.jpg/330px-Brisbane_Riverfire_2009_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Brisbane_Riverfire_2009_Bridge.jpg/440px-Brisbane_Riverfire_2009_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Festival?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Festival">Riverfire</a> at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Story_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Story Bridge">Story Bridge</a> </figcaption> </figure> The Royal Queensland Exhibition (known locally as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ekka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ekka">Ekka</a>), an agricultural exhibition held each August at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Showgrounds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Showgrounds">Brisbane Showgrounds</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bowen_Hills,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bowen Hills, Queensland">Bowen Hills</a>, is the longest-running major annual event held in Brisbane. A public holiday is held for each <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Local_government_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Local government area">local government area</a> across Brisbane to enable widespread public attendance. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Festival?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Festival">Brisbane Festival</a> is held each September at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank_Parklands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank Parklands">South Bank Parklands</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_central_business_district?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane central business district">CBD</a> and surrounding areas. It includes <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riverfire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverfire">Riverfire</a>, one of the nation's largest annual fireworks displays, which is attended by hundreds of thousands of residents. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_International_Film_Festival?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane International Film Festival">Brisbane International Film Festival</a> (BIFF) is held in July/August each year in a variety of venues around Brisbane. BIFF features new films and retrospectives by domestic and international filmmakers along with seminars and awards. The Brisbane Portrait Prize is an annual arts event held formerly at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Powerhouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Powerhouse">Brisbane Powerhouse</a> and from 2024, at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_Library_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State Library of Queensland">State Library of Queensland</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-190">[186]</a> Sitters for the portrait must have a connection to Brisbane city.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-191">[187]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buddha%27s_Birthday?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buddha's Birthday">Buddha Birth Day</a> festival at South Bank parklands attracts over 200,000 visitors each year,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-192">[188]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-193">[189]</a> and is the largest event of its type in Australia. There are also many smaller community events such as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paniyiri_Greek_Festival?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paniyiri Greek Festival">Paniyiri Greek Festival</a> (held over two days in May), the Brisbane Medieval Fayre and Tournament (held each June), the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bridge_to_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bridge to Brisbane">Bridge to Brisbane</a> charity fun run, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anywhere_Festival?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anywhere Festival">Anywhere Festival</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caxton_Street_Seafood_and_Wine_Festival?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caxton Street Seafood and Wine Festival">Caxton Street Seafood and Wine Festival</a>. Major events are often held at the 171 km2 (66 sq mi) <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Convention_%26_Exhibition_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre">Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Brisbane,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Brisbane, Queensland">South Brisbane</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Sport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sport_in_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sport in Brisbane">Sport in Brisbane</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Suncorp_Stadium_Brisbane_Australia_04.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Suncorp_Stadium_Brisbane_Australia_04.jpg/220px-Suncorp_Stadium_Brisbane_Australia_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1320"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 142px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Suncorp_Stadium_Brisbane_Australia_04.jpg/220px-Suncorp_Stadium_Brisbane_Australia_04.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="142" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Suncorp_Stadium_Brisbane_Australia_04.jpg/330px-Suncorp_Stadium_Brisbane_Australia_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Suncorp_Stadium_Brisbane_Australia_04.jpg/440px-Suncorp_Stadium_Brisbane_Australia_04.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lang_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lang Park">Lang Park</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:The_Gabba_Panorama.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_Gabba_Panorama.jpg/220px-The_Gabba_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_Gabba_Panorama.jpg/220px-The_Gabba_Panorama.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_Gabba_Panorama.jpg/330px-The_Gabba_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/The_Gabba_Panorama.jpg/440px-The_Gabba_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cricket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> game at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Gabba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Gabba">The Gabba</a> </figcaption> </figure> Brisbane has hosted several major sporting events including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1982_Commonwealth_Games?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1982 Commonwealth Games">1982 Commonwealth Games</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2001_Goodwill_Games?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2001 Goodwill Games">2001 Goodwill Games</a>, as well as events during the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1987_Rugby_World_Cup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1987 Rugby World Cup">1987 Rugby World Cup</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1992_Cricket_World_Cup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1992 Cricket World Cup">1992 Cricket World Cup</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2000 Summer Olympics">2000 Sydney Olympics</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2003_Rugby_World_Cup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2003 Rugby World Cup">2003 Rugby World Cup</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2008_Rugby_League_World_Cup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2008 Rugby League World Cup">2008 Rugby League World Cup</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2015_AFC_Asian_Cup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2015 AFC Asian Cup">2015 Asian Cup</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2017_Rugby_League_World_Cup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2017 Rugby League World Cup">2017 Rugby League World Cup</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2018_Commonwealth_Games?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2018 Commonwealth Games">2018 Commonwealth Games</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2023_FIFA_Women%27s_World_Cup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2023 FIFA Women's World Cup">2023 Women's World Cup</a>. It will host the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032 Summer Olympics</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2032_Summer_Paralympics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2032 Summer Paralympics">2032 Summer Paralympics</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto2-117">[117]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-auto3-118">[118]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-194">[190]</a> The city also bid for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1992 Summer Olympics">1992 Summer Olympics</a> but lost to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barcelona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>. It holds the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_International?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane International">Brisbane International</a> tennis competition every year. Brisbane is represented by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rugby_league?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a> teams the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Broncos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Broncos">Brisbane Broncos</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dolphins_(NRL)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dolphins (NRL)">Dolphins</a>, who play in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Rugby_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Rugby League">National Rugby League</a>, and is also home to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Maroons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland Maroons">Queensland Maroons</a>, who play in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_of_Origin_series?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State of Origin series">State of Origin series</a>. In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rugby_union?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> the city hosts the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Reds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Reds">Queensland Reds</a> who play in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Super_Rugby?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Super Rugby">Super Rugby</a> competition. Brisbane also hosts a professional <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_rules_football?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a> team, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Lions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Lions">Brisbane Lions</a>, who play in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Football_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Football League">Australian Football League</a>; as well as an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A-League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="A-League">A-League</a> soccer team, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Roar_FC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Roar FC">Brisbane Roar FC</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cricket?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> is popular in the Brisbane and the city hosts the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Heat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Heat">Brisbane Heat</a> who play in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Big_Bash_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Big Bash League">Big Bash League</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Bulls?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland Bulls">Queensland Bulls</a> who play in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sheffield_Shield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sheffield Shield">Sheffield Shield</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ryobi_One_Day_Cup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryobi One Day Cup">Ryobi One Day Cup</a>. Other Brisbane sports teams include a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basketball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basketball">basketball</a> team, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Bullets?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Bullets">Brisbane Bullets</a>; a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baseball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baseball">baseball</a> team, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Bandits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Bandits">Brisbane Bandits</a>; a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Netball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Netball">netball</a> team, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Firebirds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Firebirds">Queensland Firebirds</a>; a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Field_hockey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Field hockey">field hockey</a> team, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Blaze?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Blaze">Brisbane Blaze</a>; and water polo teams the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Barracudas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisbane Barracudas">Brisbane Barracudas</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Breakers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland Breakers">Queensland Breakers</a>. The city's major stadiums and sporting venues include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Gabba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Gabba">the Gabba</a> (a 42,000 seat round stadium at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Woolloongabba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Woolloongabba">Woolloongabba</a>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lang_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lang Park">Lang Park</a> (a 52,500 seat rectangular stadium at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milton,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milton, Queensland">Milton</a> also known by its corporate name Suncorp Stadium), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ballymore_Stadium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ballymore Stadium">Ballymore Stadium</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Sport_and_Athletics_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre">Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sleeman_Centre_(Brisbane)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleeman Centre (Brisbane)">Sleeman Centre</a> (swimming), the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tennyson_Tennis_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennyson Tennis Centre">State Tennis Centre</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eagle_Farm_Racecourse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eagle Farm Racecourse">Eagle Farm Racecourse</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doomben_Racecourse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doomben Racecourse">Doomben Racecourse</a>. The city is also home to numerous golf courses, with the largest being the Indooroopilly Golf Club at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indooroopilly,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indooroopilly, Queensland">Indooroopilly, Queensland</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brookwater_Golf_and_Spa_Resort?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brookwater Golf and Spa Resort">Brookwater Golf and Country Club</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brookwater,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brookwater, Queensland">Brookwater</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nudgee_Golf_Club&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nudgee Golf Club (page does not exist)">Nudgee Golf Club</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nudgee,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nudgee, Queensland">Nudgee</a>, the Keperra Country Golf Club at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keperra,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keperra, Queensland">Keperra</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Queensland_Golf_Club?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Queensland Golf Club">Royal Queensland Golf Club</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eagle_Farm,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eagle Farm, Queensland">Eagle Farm</a>. In addition to its flagship sport franchises, Brisbane and its regions and suburbs have numerous teams in secondary leagues including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intrust_Super_Cup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Intrust Super Cup">Intrust Super Cup</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Rugby_Championship?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Rugby Championship">National Rugby Championship</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Premier_Rugby?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Premier Rugby">Queensland Premier Rugby</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Premier_Leagues_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Premier Leagues Queensland">National Premier League Queensland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Basketball_League_(Australia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Basketball League (Australia)">National Basketball League</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ANZ_Championship?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ANZ Championship">ANZ Championship</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Baseball_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Baseball League">Australian Baseball League</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hockey_One?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hockey One">Hockey One</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_National_Water_Polo_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian National Water Polo League">National Water Polo League</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F-League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="F-League">F-League</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Tourism_and_recreation">Tourism and recreation</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Tourism and recreation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tourism_in_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tourism in Brisbane">Tourism in Brisbane</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:New_Farm_Riverwalk,_Brisbane_River_views_from_Bowen_Terrace,_2021,_01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/New_Farm_Riverwalk%2C_Brisbane_River_views_from_Bowen_Terrace%2C_2021%2C_01.jpg/220px-New_Farm_Riverwalk%2C_Brisbane_River_views_from_Bowen_Terrace%2C_2021%2C_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/New_Farm_Riverwalk%2C_Brisbane_River_views_from_Bowen_Terrace%2C_2021%2C_01.jpg/220px-New_Farm_Riverwalk%2C_Brisbane_River_views_from_Bowen_Terrace%2C_2021%2C_01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/New_Farm_Riverwalk%2C_Brisbane_River_views_from_Bowen_Terrace%2C_2021%2C_01.jpg/330px-New_Farm_Riverwalk%2C_Brisbane_River_views_from_Bowen_Terrace%2C_2021%2C_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/New_Farm_Riverwalk%2C_Brisbane_River_views_from_Bowen_Terrace%2C_2021%2C_01.jpg/440px-New_Farm_Riverwalk%2C_Brisbane_River_views_from_Bowen_Terrace%2C_2021%2C_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Brisbane_Riverwalk" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane Riverwalk</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Farm,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Farm, Queensland">New Farm</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:28_-_South_Bank_Parklands_(4741163759).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/28_-_South_Bank_Parklands_%284741163759%29.jpg/220px-28_-_South_Bank_Parklands_%284741163759%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3445" data-file-height="1807"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 115px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/28_-_South_Bank_Parklands_%284741163759%29.jpg/220px-28_-_South_Bank_Parklands_%284741163759%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="115" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/28_-_South_Bank_Parklands_%284741163759%29.jpg/330px-28_-_South_Bank_Parklands_%284741163759%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/28_-_South_Bank_Parklands_%284741163759%29.jpg/440px-28_-_South_Bank_Parklands_%284741163759%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank_Parklands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank Parklands">South Bank Parklands</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wheel_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wheel of Brisbane">Wheel of Brisbane</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Shorncliffe_Pier,_Queensland,_2020,_19.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Shorncliffe_Pier%2C_Queensland%2C_2020%2C_19.jpg/220px-Shorncliffe_Pier%2C_Queensland%2C_2020%2C_19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Shorncliffe_Pier%2C_Queensland%2C_2020%2C_19.jpg/220px-Shorncliffe_Pier%2C_Queensland%2C_2020%2C_19.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Shorncliffe_Pier%2C_Queensland%2C_2020%2C_19.jpg/330px-Shorncliffe_Pier%2C_Queensland%2C_2020%2C_19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Shorncliffe_Pier%2C_Queensland%2C_2020%2C_19.jpg/440px-Shorncliffe_Pier%2C_Queensland%2C_2020%2C_19.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shorncliffe_pier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shorncliffe pier">Shorncliffe pier</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shorncliffe,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shorncliffe, Queensland">Shorncliffe</a> on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Bay">Moreton Bay</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Westridge_Outlook_view,_D%27Aguilar_National_Park.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Westridge_Outlook_view%2C_D%27Aguilar_National_Park.jpg/220px-Westridge_Outlook_view%2C_D%27Aguilar_National_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Westridge_Outlook_view%2C_D%27Aguilar_National_Park.jpg/220px-Westridge_Outlook_view%2C_D%27Aguilar_National_Park.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Westridge_Outlook_view%2C_D%27Aguilar_National_Park.jpg/330px-Westridge_Outlook_view%2C_D%27Aguilar_National_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Westridge_Outlook_view%2C_D%27Aguilar_National_Park.jpg/440px-Westridge_Outlook_view%2C_D%27Aguilar_National_Park.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%27Aguilar_Range?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="D'Aguilar Range">D'Aguilar Range</a> from Westridge Outlook in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%27Aguilar_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="D'Aguilar National Park">D'Aguilar National Park</a> </figcaption> </figure> Tourism plays a major role in Brisbane's economy, being the third-most popular destination for international tourists after Sydney and Melbourne.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-195">[191]</a> Popular tourist and recreation areas near inner city Brisbane include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank_Parklands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank Parklands">South Bank Parklands</a> (including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wheel_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wheel of Brisbane">Wheel of Brisbane</a>), the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_Botanic_Gardens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City Botanic Gardens">City Botanic Gardens</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Street_Parkland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Street Parkland">Roma Street Parkland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Farm_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Farm Park">New Farm Park</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Howard_Smith_Wharves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Howard Smith Wharves">Howard Smith Wharves</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen%27s_Wharf,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen's Wharf, Brisbane">Queens Wharf</a> & Casino, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teneriffe,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teneriffe, Queensland">Teneriffe woolstores precinct</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortitude_Valley,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fortitude Valley, Queensland">Fortitude Valley</a> (including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortitude_Valley,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Commercial_area" title="Fortitude Valley, Queensland">James Street</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chinatown,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chinatown, Brisbane">Chinatown</a>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_End,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="West End, Queensland">West End</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_City_Hall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane City Hall">City Hall</a> (including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Museum_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Museum of Brisbane">Museum of Brisbane</a>), the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parliament_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parliament of Queensland">Parliament of Queensland</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Story_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Story Bridge">Story Bridge</a> and bridge climb; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_John%27s_Cathedral_(Brisbane)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St John's Cathedral (Brisbane)">St John's Cathedral</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ANZAC_Square,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ANZAC Square, Brisbane">ANZAC Square</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Cultural_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Cultural Centre">Queensland Cultural Centre</a> (including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Museum">Queensland Museum</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Performing_Arts_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Performing Arts Centre">Queensland Performing Arts Centre</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Art_Gallery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Art Gallery">Queensland Art Gallery</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gallery_of_Modern_Art,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gallery of Modern Art, Brisbane">Gallery of Modern Art</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_Library_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State Library of Queensland">State Library of Queensland</a>), the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kangaroo_Point_Cliffs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kangaroo Point Cliffs">Kangaroo Point Cliffs</a> and park, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Maritime_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Maritime Museum">Queensland Maritime Museum</a>. Away from the inner city, Brisbane has a number of tourist attractions and destinations such as the, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Queensland">University of Queensland</a> in St Lucia, Sirromet Winery at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Cotton,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Cotton, Queensland">Mount Cotton</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tangalooma,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tangalooma, Queensland">Tangalooma</a> on Moreton Island, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lone_Pine_Koala_Sanctuary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary">Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary</a> in Fig Tree Pocket, Eat Street (food night markets) at Northshore Hamilton, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fort_Lytton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fort Lytton">Fort Lytton</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Coot-tha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Coot-tha">Mount Coot-tha</a> (including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Coot-tha_Forest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Coot-tha Forest">Mount Coot-tha Reserve</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Coot-tha_Lookout?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Coot-tha Lookout">Mount Coot-tha Lookout</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Botanic_Gardens,_Mount_Coot-tha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mount Coot-tha">Mount Coot-tha Botanic Gardens</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Brisbane_Planetarium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium">Sir Thomas Brisbane Planetarium</a>) is a popular recreational attraction for hiking and bushwalking. Brisbane is notable for its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Brisbane_Riverwalk" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane Riverwalk</a> network, which runs along much of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane River</a> foreshore throughout the inner-city area, with the longest span running between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Newstead,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Newstead, Queensland">Newstead</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toowong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toowong">Toowong</a>. Another popular stretch runs beneath the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kangaroo_Point_Cliffs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kangaroo Point Cliffs">Kangaroo Point Cliffs</a> between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Brisbane,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Brisbane, Queensland">South Brisbane</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kangaroo_Point,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kangaroo Point, Queensland">Kangaroo Point</a>. Several spans of the Riverwalk are built out over the Brisbane River. Brisbane also has over 27 km (17 mi) of bicycle pathways, mostly surrounding the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane River</a> and city centre. Other popular recreation activities include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Story_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Story Bridge">Story Bridge</a> adventure climb and rock climbing at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kangaroo_Point_Cliffs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kangaroo Point Cliffs">Kangaroo Point Cliffs</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Bay">Moreton Bay</a> and its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Bay_Marine_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Bay Marine Park">marine park</a> is also a major attraction, and its three primary islands <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Island">Moreton Island</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Stradbroke_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Stradbroke Island">North Stradbroke Island</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bribie_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bribie Island">Bribie Island</a>, accessible by ferry, contain popular surf beaches and resorts. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tangalooma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangalooma">Tangalooma</a> resort on Moreton Island is popular for its nightly wild dolphin feeding attraction, and for operating Australia's longest running whale watching cruises. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fort_Lytton_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fort Lytton National Park">Fort Lytton National Park</a> including a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fort_Lytton_Historic_Military_Precinct?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fort Lytton Historic Military Precinct">colonial defence fort</a> and museum is also a historical bayside attraction. Beachside suburbs such as those on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Redcliffe_Peninsula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redcliffe Peninsula">Redcliffe Peninsula</a>, as well as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shorncliffe,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shorncliffe, Queensland">Shorncliffe</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sandgate,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sandgate, Queensland">Sandgate</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wynnum,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wynnum, Queensland">Wynnum</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manly,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manly, Queensland">Manly</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wellington_Point,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wellington Point, Queensland">Wellington Point</a> are also popular attractions for their bayside beaches, piers, and infrastructure for boating, sailing, fishing and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiteboarding?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kiteboarding">kitesurfing</a>. There are many <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National park">national parks</a> surrounding the Brisbane metropolitan area which are popular recreational attractions for hiking and bushwalking. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%27Aguilar_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="D'Aguilar National Park">D'Aguilar National Park</a> runs along the northwest of the metropolitan area in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%27Aguilar_Range?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="D'Aguilar Range">D'Aguilar Range</a>, and contains popular bushwalking and hiking peaks at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Nebo_(Queensland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Nebo (Queensland)">Mount Nebo</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camp_Mountain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Mountain">Camp Mountain</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_Queensland_(Moreton_Bay)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Pleasant, Queensland (Moreton Bay)">Mount Pleasant</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Glorious?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Glorious">Mount Glorious</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Samson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Samson">Mount Samson</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Mee,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Mee, Queensland">Mount Mee</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Glass_House_Mountains_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Glass House Mountains National Park">Glass House Mountains National Park</a> is located to the north of the metropolitan area in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Glass_House_Mountains,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Glass House Mountains, Queensland">Glass House Mountains</a> between it and that of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunshine_Coast,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunshine Coast, Queensland">Sunshine Coast</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tamborine_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tamborine National Park">Tamborine National Park</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tamborine_Mountain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tamborine Mountain">Tamborine Mountain</a> is located in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gold_Coast_hinterland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gold Coast hinterland">Gold Coast hinterland</a> to the south of the metropolitan area. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Island">Moreton</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Stradbroke_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Stradbroke Island">North Stradbroke</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bribie_Island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bribie Island">Bribie</a> islands are substantially covered by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Island_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Moreton Island National Park">Moreton Island National Park</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Naree_Budjong_Djara_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Naree Budjong Djara National Park">Naree Budjong Djara National Park</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bribie_Island_National_Park?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bribie Island National Park">Bribie Island National Park</a> respectively. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boondall_Wetlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boondall Wetlands">Boondall Wetlands</a> in the suburb of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boondall,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boondall, Queensland">Boondall</a> are protected <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_mangroves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian mangroves">mangrove</a> wetlands with floating walking trails. Immediately to the south and north of Brisbane are the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gold Coast, Queensland">Gold Coast</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunshine_Coast,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunshine Coast, Queensland">Sunshine Coast</a> respectively, which are home to several of Australia's most popular swimming and surfing beaches, and are popular day and weekend destinations for Brisbanites. In 2015, a competition by travel guidebook <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rough_Guides?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rough Guides">Rough Guides</a> saw Brisbane elected as one of the top ten most beautiful cities in the world, citing reasons such as "its winning combination of high-rise modern architecture, lush green spaces and the enormous Brisbane River that snakes its way through the centre before emptying itself into the azure Moreton Bay".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-196">[192]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Governance" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main articles: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Brisbane">City of Brisbane</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logan_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logan City">Logan City</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Moreton_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Moreton Bay">City of Moreton Bay</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Ipswich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Ipswich">City of Ipswich</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Redland_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redland City">Redland City</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scenic_Rim_Region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scenic Rim Region">Scenic Rim Region</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Government_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Queensland">Government of Queensland</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:CoA_of_Brisbane.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/CoA_of_Brisbane.svg/120px-CoA_of_Brisbane.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="894" data-file-height="798"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 107px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/CoA_of_Brisbane.svg/120px-CoA_of_Brisbane.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="120" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/CoA_of_Brisbane.svg/180px-CoA_of_Brisbane.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/CoA_of_Brisbane.svg/240px-CoA_of_Brisbane.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coat of arms of Brisbane">City of Brisbane coat of arms</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Flag_of_Brisbane.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Brisbane.svg/120px-Flag_of_Brisbane.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="300"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 62px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Brisbane.svg/120px-Flag_of_Brisbane.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="120" data-height="62" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Brisbane.svg/180px-Flag_of_Brisbane.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Brisbane.svg/240px-Flag_of_Brisbane.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flag_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flag of Brisbane">City of Brisbane flag</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> Unlike other Australian capital cities, a large portion of the greater metropolitan area, or Greater Capital City Statistical Area (GCCSA) of Brisbane is controlled by a single <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Local_government_in_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Local government in Australia">local government area</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Brisbane">City of Brisbane</a>, which is the largest local government area (in terms of population and budget) in Australia, serving more than 40% of the GCCSA's population. It was formed by the merger of twenty smaller LGAs in 1925, and covers an area of 1,367 km2 (528 sq mi). The remainder of the metropolitan area falls into the LGAs of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logan_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logan City">Logan City</a> to the south, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Moreton_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Moreton Bay">City of Moreton Bay</a> in the northern suburbs, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Ipswich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Ipswich">City of Ipswich</a> to the south west, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Redland_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redland City">Redland City</a> to the south east, and into the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Somerset_Region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Somerset Region">Somerset</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scenic_Rim_Region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scenic Rim Region">Scenic Rim</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lockyer_Valley_Region?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lockyer Valley Region">Lockyer Valley</a> regions on the urban periphery. Several of these are also among the nation's most populous LGAs. Each LGA is governed under a similar structure, including a directly elected mayor (including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lord Mayor of Brisbane">Lord Mayor of Brisbane</a>), as well as a council composed of councillors representing geographical wards. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_City_Hall?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane City Hall">Brisbane City Hall</a> is the seat of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane City Council">Brisbane City Council</a>, the governing corporation of the City of Brisbane LGA, and the bulk of its executive offices are located at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Square?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Square">Brisbane Square</a> skyscraper. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:348px;max-width:348px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Government_House_seen_from_street,_Brisbane,_Queensland,_2019,_01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Government_House_seen_from_street%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland%2C_2019%2C_01.jpg/170px-Government_House_seen_from_street%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland%2C_2019%2C_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3724" data-file-height="2796"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Government_House_seen_from_street%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland%2C_2019%2C_01.jpg/170px-Government_House_seen_from_street%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland%2C_2019%2C_01.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="170" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Government_House_seen_from_street%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland%2C_2019%2C_01.jpg/255px-Government_House_seen_from_street%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland%2C_2019%2C_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Government_House_seen_from_street%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland%2C_2019%2C_01.jpg/340px-Government_House_seen_from_street%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland%2C_2019%2C_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Christmas_tree_in_2019_at_Parliament_House,_Brisbane,_Queensland_03.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Christmas_tree_in_2019_at_Parliament_House%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland_03.jpg/170px-Christmas_tree_in_2019_at_Parliament_House%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3626" data-file-height="2716"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 127px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Christmas_tree_in_2019_at_Parliament_House%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland_03.jpg/170px-Christmas_tree_in_2019_at_Parliament_House%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland_03.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="170" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Christmas_tree_in_2019_at_Parliament_House%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland_03.jpg/255px-Christmas_tree_in_2019_at_Parliament_House%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Christmas_tree_in_2019_at_Parliament_House%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland_03.jpg/340px-Christmas_tree_in_2019_at_Parliament_House%2C_Brisbane%2C_Queensland_03.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"> <div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:left/right/center"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Government_House,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Government House, Brisbane">Government House, Brisbane</a>, home to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Governor_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Governor of Queensland">Governor of Queensland</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parliament_House,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parliament House, Brisbane">Parliament House</a>, home of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parliament_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parliament of Queensland">Parliament of Queensland</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> As the capital city of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, Brisbane is home to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parliament_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parliament of Queensland">Parliament of Queensland</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parliament_House,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parliament House, Brisbane">Parliament House</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gardens_Point,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gardens Point, Brisbane">Gardens Point</a> in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_central_business_district?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane central business district">CBD</a>, adjacent to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Old_Government_House,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Government House, Queensland">Old Government House</a>. Queensland's current <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Government_House,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Government House, Brisbane">Government House</a> is located in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paddington,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paddington, Queensland">Paddington</a>. The bulk of the state government's executive offices are located at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1_William_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1 William Street, Brisbane">1 William Street</a> skyscraper. The Queensland <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Supreme Court of Queensland">Supreme</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/District_Court_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="District Court of Queensland">District</a> courts are located at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Courts_of_Law,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law, Brisbane">Queen Elizabeth II Courts of Law</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George Street, Brisbane">George Street</a>, while the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magistrates_Court_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magistrates Court of Queensland">Magistrates</a> court is located at the adjacent <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Magistrates_Court_building?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Magistrates Court building">Brisbane Magistrates Court building</a>. The various federal courts are located at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commonwealth_Law_Courts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commonwealth Law Courts">Commonwealth Law Courts</a> building on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Quay,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Quay, Brisbane">North Quay</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Army?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Army">Australian Army</a>'s <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enoggera_Barracks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enoggera Barracks">Enoggera Barracks</a> is located in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enoggera,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enoggera, Queensland">Enoggera</a>, while the historic <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victoria_Barracks,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victoria Barracks, Brisbane">Victoria Barracks</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrie_Terrace,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrie Terrace, Queensland">Petrie Terrace</a> now hosts a military museum. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a>'s <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HMAS_Moreton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HMAS Moreton">HMAS Moreton</a> base is located at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulimba,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulimba, Queensland">Bulimba</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a>'s <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RAAF_Base_Amberley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="RAAF Base Amberley">RAAF Base Amberley</a> is located in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amberley,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amberley, Queensland">Amberley</a> in the outer south-west of the metropolitan area. Brisbane's largest prisons and correctional facilities, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Correctional_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Correctional Centre">Brisbane Correctional Centre</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Women%27s_Correctional_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Women's Correctional Centre">Brisbane Women's Correctional Centre</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arthur_Gorrie_Correctional_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arthur Gorrie Correctional Centre">Arthur Gorrie Correctional Centre</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wolston_Correctional_Centre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wolston Correctional Centre">Wolston Correctional Centre</a> are located at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wacol,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wacol, Queensland">Wacol</a>, while the city's main historical prison, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boggo_Road_Gaol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boggo Road Gaol">Boggo Road Gaol</a>, is now a museum. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Greater Brisbane is represented by five <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Local government areas of Queensland">local government areas</a> (LGAs): the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Brisbane">City of Brisbane</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Ipswich?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Ipswich">City of Ipswich</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logan_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logan City">Logan City</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_of_Moreton_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City of Moreton Bay">City of Moreton Bay</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Redland_City?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redland City">Redland City</a>. The City of Brisbane is by far the largest and the most populated of the four, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane City Council">Brisbane City Council</a> has 27 members: 26 councillors elected from single-member <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ward_(electoral_subdivision)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ward (electoral subdivision)">wards</a> and one directly elected <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lord Mayor of Brisbane">Lord Mayor</a>. In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Legislative_Assembly?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland Legislative Assembly">Queensland Legislative Assembly</a>, Brisbane is represented by 41 single-member <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Electoral_districts_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Electoral districts of Queensland">electoral districts</a>. In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>, Brisbane is represented by 17 single-member <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Divisions_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives">electoral divisions</a>. Brisbane has a diverse political climate. On the federal level, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centre-right?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">centre-right</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberal_National_Party_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberal National Party of Queensland">Liberal National Party</a> (LNP) holds six Brisbane-based seats, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centre-left?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-left">centre-left</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor Party</a> holds four and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Left-wing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Greens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Greens">Greens</a> hold three. On the state level, Labor holds the vast majority of Brisbane-based seats, while the LNP holds just five and the Greens hold two. On the local level, LNP hold the Lord Mayoralty of Brisbane (with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adrian_Schrinner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adrian Schrinner">Adrian Schrinner</a> as Lord Mayor) and 20 of the 26 wards of the City of Brisbane, while Labor holds five and the Greens and an independent hold one each. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="Education">Education</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lists_of_schools_in_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lists of schools in Queensland">Lists of schools in Queensland</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Forgan_Smith_Building,_2020,_01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Forgan_Smith_Building%2C_2020%2C_01.jpg/220px-Forgan_Smith_Building%2C_2020%2C_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3808" data-file-height="2856"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Forgan_Smith_Building%2C_2020%2C_01.jpg/220px-Forgan_Smith_Building%2C_2020%2C_01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Forgan_Smith_Building%2C_2020%2C_01.jpg/330px-Forgan_Smith_Building%2C_2020%2C_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Forgan_Smith_Building%2C_2020%2C_01.jpg/440px-Forgan_Smith_Building%2C_2020%2C_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Court,_University_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Great Court, University of Queensland">Forgan Smith Building</a> at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Queensland">University of Queensland's</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_Lucia,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St Lucia, Queensland">St Lucia</a> campus </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:QUT_Gardens_Point_ferry_wharf_seen_from_the_river,_June_2019.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/QUT_Gardens_Point_ferry_wharf_seen_from_the_river%2C_June_2019.jpg/220px-QUT_Gardens_Point_ferry_wharf_seen_from_the_river%2C_June_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="2872"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 157px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/QUT_Gardens_Point_ferry_wharf_seen_from_the_river%2C_June_2019.jpg/220px-QUT_Gardens_Point_ferry_wharf_seen_from_the_river%2C_June_2019.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="157" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/QUT_Gardens_Point_ferry_wharf_seen_from_the_river%2C_June_2019.jpg/330px-QUT_Gardens_Point_ferry_wharf_seen_from_the_river%2C_June_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/QUT_Gardens_Point_ferry_wharf_seen_from_the_river%2C_June_2019.jpg/440px-QUT_Gardens_Point_ferry_wharf_seen_from_the_river%2C_June_2019.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_University_of_Technology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland University of Technology">Queensland University of Technology's</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gardens_Point,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gardens Point, Brisbane">Gardens Point</a> campus </figcaption> </figure> Three major universities are headquartered in Brisbane, namely: <ul> <li>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Queensland">University of Queensland</a> (UQ), which is Queensland's oldest university and frequently <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/College_and_university_rankings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="College and university rankings">ranks among the world's top 50</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-197">[193]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-198">[194]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-199">[195]</a> with campuses in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_Lucia,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St Lucia, Queensland">St Lucia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herston,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herston, Queensland">Herston</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gatton,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gatton, Queensland">Gatton</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_University_of_Technology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland University of Technology">Queensland University of Technology</a> (QUT), with campuses in the central business district (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gardens_Point,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gardens Point, Brisbane">Gardens Point</a>) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kelvin_Grove,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kelvin Grove, Queensland">Kelvin Grove</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Griffith_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Griffith University">Griffith University</a> (GU), with campuses in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nathan,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nathan, Queensland">Nathan</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Gravatt,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Gravatt, Queensland">Mount Gravatt</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank, Queensland">South Bank</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meadowbrook,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meadowbrook, Queensland">Meadowbrook</a></li> </ul> Two other major universities, which are not headquartered in Brisbane, have multiple campuses in the Brisbane metropolitan area, namely: <ul> <li>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Southern_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Southern Queensland">University of Southern Queensland</a> (USQ), with campuses in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Springfield,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Springfield, Queensland">Springfield</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ipswich,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ipswich, Queensland">Ipswich</a> and the central business district</li> <li>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_the_Sunshine_Coast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of the Sunshine Coast">University of the Sunshine Coast</a> (USC), with campuses in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrie,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrie, Queensland">Petrie</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caboolture,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caboolture, Queensland">Caboolture</a></li> </ul> Other universities which have campuses in Brisbane include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Catholic_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Catholic University">Australian Catholic University</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_Queensland_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Central Queensland University">Central Queensland University</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/James_Cook_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="James Cook University">James Cook University</a>. Brisbane is a major destination for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_students?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International students">international students</a>, who constitute a large proportion of enrolments in Brisbane's universities and are important to the city's economy and real estate market. In 2018, there were over 95,000 international students enrolled in universities and other tertiary education institutions in the central City of Brisbane <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Local_government_area?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Local government area">local government area</a> alone.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-choosebrisbane.com.au-178">[174]</a> The majority of Brisbane's international students originate from China, India and other countries in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asia-Pacific?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a> region.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-200">[196]</a> There are biotechnology and research facilities at several universities in Brisbane, including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Institute_for_Molecular_Bioscience?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute for Molecular Bioscience">Institute for Molecular Bioscience</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CSIRO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CSIRO">CSIRO</a> at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Queensland">University of Queensland</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Institute_of_Health_and_Biomedical_Innovation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation">Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_University_of_Technology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland University of Technology">Queensland University of Technology</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-201">[197]</a> There are three major <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TAFE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="TAFE">TAFE</a> colleges in Brisbane; the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_North_Institute_of_TAFE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane North Institute of TAFE">Brisbane North Institute of TAFE</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metropolitan_South_Institute_of_TAFE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metropolitan South Institute of TAFE">Metropolitan South Institute of TAFE</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southbank_Institute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Southbank Institute">Southbank Institute of TAFE</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-202">[198]</a> Brisbane is also home to numerous other independent tertiary providers, including the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_College_of_Natural_Medicine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian College of Natural Medicine">Australian College of Natural Medicine</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Theological_College?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Theological College">Queensland Theological College</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_College_of_Theology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane College of Theology">Brisbane College of Theology</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SAE_Institute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SAE Institute">SAE Institute</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jschool:_Journalism_Education_%26_Training?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jschool: Journalism Education & Training">Jschool: Journalism Education & Training</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JMC_Academy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JMC Academy">JMC Academy</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/American_College_(Brisbane)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="American College (Brisbane)">American College</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aboriginal_Centre_for_the_Performing_Arts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aboriginal Centre for the Performing Arts">Aboriginal Centre for the Performing Arts</a>. Many of Brisbane's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pre-school?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-school">pre-school</a>, primary, and secondary schools are under the jurisdiction of Education Queensland, a department of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Government">Queensland Government</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-203">[199]</a> Independent (private), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Catholic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> and other religious schools also constitute a large share of Brisbane's primary and secondary schooling sectors, with the oldest such independent schools composing the memberships of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Great_Public_Schools_Association_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Great Public Schools Association of Queensland">Great Public Schools Association of Queensland</a> (GPS) for boys schools and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Girls%27_Secondary_Schools_Sports_Association?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Girls' Secondary Schools Sports Association">Queensland Girls' Secondary Schools Sports Association</a> (QGSSSA) for girls schools. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Infrastructure" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transport_in_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transport in Brisbane">Transport in Brisbane</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> See also: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TransLink_(South_East_Queensland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="TransLink (South East Queensland)">TransLink (South East Queensland)</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Rail_City_network?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland Rail City network">Queensland Rail City network</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transdev_Brisbane_Ferries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transdev Brisbane Ferries">Transdev Brisbane Ferries</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port of Brisbane">Port of Brisbane</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Airport">Brisbane Airport</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bridges_over_the_Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bridges over the Brisbane River">Bridges over the Brisbane River</a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Brisbane has an extensive transport network within the city, as well as connections to regional centres, interstate and to overseas destinations. Like all Australian cities, the most popular mode of transport is private car.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-204">[200]</a> Public transport is provided by rail, bus and ferry services and is coordinated by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TransLink_(South_East_Queensland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="TransLink (South East Queensland)">Translink</a>, which provides a unified ticketing and electronic payment system (known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Go_card?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Go card">go card</a>) for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_East_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South East Queensland">South East Queensland</a>. The region is divided into seven <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fare">fare zones</a> radiating outwards from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_central_business_district?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane central business district">Brisbane central business district</a> (CBD), with Brisbane's built-up area falling within zones 1–3. Bus services are operated by public and private operators whereas trains and ferries are operated by public agencies. The CBD is the central hub for all public transport services with services focusing on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Street_railway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Street railway station">Roma Street</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_railway_station,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Central railway station, Brisbane">Central</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortitude_Valley_railway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fortitude Valley railway station">Fortitude Valley</a> railway stations; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/King_George_Square_busway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="King George Square busway station">King George Square</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Street_bus_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Street bus station">Queen Street</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Street_busway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Street busway station">Roma Street</a> busway stations; and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Quay_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Quay ferry wharf">North Quay</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riverside_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riverside ferry wharf">Riverside</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/QUT_Gardens_Point_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="QUT Gardens Point ferry wharf">QUT Gardens Point</a> ferry wharves. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Roads">Roads</h4> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Roads" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Hornibrook_april_2011_(181).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hornibrook_april_2011_%28181%29.jpg/220px-Hornibrook_april_2011_%28181%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1952" data-file-height="1970"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 222px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hornibrook_april_2011_%28181%29.jpg/220px-Hornibrook_april_2011_%28181%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="222" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hornibrook_april_2011_%28181%29.jpg/330px-Hornibrook_april_2011_%28181%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hornibrook_april_2011_%28181%29.jpg/440px-Hornibrook_april_2011_%28181%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Houghton_Highway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Houghton Highway">Houghton Highway</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ted_Smout_Memorial_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ted Smout Memorial Bridge">Ted Smout Memorial Bridge</a> crossing <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bramble_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bramble Bay">Bramble Bay</a>, Queensland's longest bridges </figcaption> </figure> Brisbane is served by a large network of urban and inter-urban motorways. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pacific_Motorway_(Brisbane%E2%80%93Brunswick_Heads)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pacific Motorway (Brisbane–Brunswick Heads)">Pacific Motorway</a> (M3/M1) connects the inner-city with the southern suburbs, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gold Coast, Queensland">Gold Coast</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_South_Wales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ipswich_Motorway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ipswich Motorway">Ipswich Motorway</a> (M7/M2) connects the inner-city with the outer south-western suburbs. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Western_Freeway,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Western Freeway, Brisbane">Western Freeway</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centenary_Motorway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centenary Motorway">Centenary Motorway</a> (M5) connect the city's inner-west and outer south-west. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bruce_Highway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bruce Highway">Bruce Highway</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gympie_Arterial_Road?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gympie Arterial Road">Gympie Arterial Road</a> (M1/M3) connect the city's northern suburbs with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunshine_Coast,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunshine Coast, Queensland">Sunshine Coast</a> and northern Queensland. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logan_Motorway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logan Motorway">Logan Motorway</a> (M2/M6) connects the southern and south-western suburbs. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gateway_Motorway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gateway Motorway">Gateway Motorway</a> is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toll_road?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toll road">toll road</a> which connects the Gold and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunshine_Coast,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunshine Coast, Queensland">Sunshine Coast</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_of_Brisbane_Motorway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port of Brisbane Motorway">Port of Brisbane Motorway</a> links the Gateway Motorway to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port of Brisbane">Port of Brisbane</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inner_City_Bypass,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inner City Bypass, Brisbane">Inner City Bypass</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riverside_Expressway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riverside Expressway">Riverside Expressway</a> serve as an inner ring freeway system to prevent motorists from travelling through the city's congested centre.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-205">[201]</a> Brisbane also has a large network of major road tunnels under the metropolitan area, known as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TransApex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TransApex">TransApex</a> network, which include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clem_Jones_Tunnel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clem Jones Tunnel">Clem Jones Tunnel</a> between the inner-north and inner-south, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Airport_Link,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Airport Link, Brisbane">Airport Link tunnel</a> in the north-east and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Legacy_Way?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Legacy Way">Legacy Way tunnel</a> in the south-west. They are the three longest road tunnels in Australia. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Bridges">Bridges</h4> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Bridges" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Brisbane_River_coloured_by_bridge_lights-12_(15672103506).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brisbane_River_coloured_by_bridge_lights-12_%2815672103506%29.jpg/220px-Brisbane_River_coloured_by_bridge_lights-12_%2815672103506%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2140" data-file-height="1279"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 131px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brisbane_River_coloured_by_bridge_lights-12_%2815672103506%29.jpg/220px-Brisbane_River_coloured_by_bridge_lights-12_%2815672103506%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="131" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brisbane_River_coloured_by_bridge_lights-12_%2815672103506%29.jpg/330px-Brisbane_River_coloured_by_bridge_lights-12_%2815672103506%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Brisbane_River_coloured_by_bridge_lights-12_%2815672103506%29.jpg/440px-Brisbane_River_coloured_by_bridge_lights-12_%2815672103506%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The 777-metre <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Story_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Story Bridge">Story Bridge</a>, completed in 1940 </figcaption> </figure> The Brisbane River creates a barrier to road transport routes. In total there are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bridges_over_the_Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bridges over the Brisbane River">sixteen bridges</a> over the river, mostly concentrated in the inner city area. The road bridges (which usually also include provision for pedestrians and cyclists) by distance from the river mouth are the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sir_Leo_Hielscher_Bridges?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sir Leo Hielscher Bridges">Sir Leo Hielscher Bridges</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Story_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Story Bridge">Story Bridge</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Captain_Cook_Bridge,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Captain Cook Bridge, Brisbane">Captain Cook Bridge</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Victoria_Bridge,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Victoria Bridge, Brisbane">Victoria Bridge</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Jolly_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Jolly Bridge">William Jolly Bridge</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Go_Between_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Go Between Bridge">Go Between Bridge</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eleanor_Schonell_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eleanor Schonell Bridge">Eleanor Schonell Bridge</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Walter_Taylor_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Walter Taylor Bridge">Walter Taylor Bridge</a> the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centenary_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centenary Bridge">Centenary Bridge</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colleges_Crossing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colleges Crossing">Colleges Crossing</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neville_Bonner_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neville Bonner Bridge">Neville Bonner Bridge</a>. There are three railway bridges, namely the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merivale_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Merivale Bridge">Merivale Bridge</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albert_Bridge,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albert Bridge, Brisbane">Albert Bridge</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indooroopilly_Railway_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indooroopilly Railway Bridge">Indooroopilly Railway Bridge</a>. There are also three pedestrian only bridges: the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Goodwill_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Goodwill Bridge">Goodwill Bridge</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kurilpa_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kurilpa Bridge">Kurilpa Bridge</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jack_Pesch_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jack Pesch Bridge">Jack Pesch Bridge</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Houghton_Highway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Houghton Highway">Houghton Highway</a> (northbound) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ted_Smout_Memorial_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ted Smout Memorial Bridge">Ted Smout Memorial Bridge</a> (southbound) bridges, over <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bramble_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bramble Bay">Bramble Bay</a> between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brighton,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brighton, Queensland">Brighton, Queensland</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Redcliffe_Peninsula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redcliffe Peninsula">Redcliffe Peninsula</a>, are the longest bridges in the state. The abutment arches of the original crossing The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hornibrook_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hornibrook Bridge">Hornibrook Bridge</a> still remain in place. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Rail">Rail</h4> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Rail" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Train_approaching_Roma_Street_railway_station,_Brisbane,_2021.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Train_approaching_Roma_Street_railway_station%2C_Brisbane%2C_2021.jpg/220px-Train_approaching_Roma_Street_railway_station%2C_Brisbane%2C_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Train_approaching_Roma_Street_railway_station%2C_Brisbane%2C_2021.jpg/220px-Train_approaching_Roma_Street_railway_station%2C_Brisbane%2C_2021.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Train_approaching_Roma_Street_railway_station%2C_Brisbane%2C_2021.jpg/330px-Train_approaching_Roma_Street_railway_station%2C_Brisbane%2C_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Train_approaching_Roma_Street_railway_station%2C_Brisbane%2C_2021.jpg/440px-Train_approaching_Roma_Street_railway_station%2C_Brisbane%2C_2021.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> A <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Generation_Rollingstock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Generation Rollingstock">Queensland Rail NGR</a> train approaching <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Street_railway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Street railway station">Roma Street station</a> </figcaption> </figure> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Rail_City_network?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland Rail City network">Queensland Rail City network</a> consists of 154 train stations along 13 suburban and interurban rail lines and across the metropolitan area, namely: the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Airport_railway_line,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Airport railway line, Brisbane">Airport</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beenleigh_railway_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beenleigh railway line">Beenleigh</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caboolture_railway_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caboolture railway line">Caboolture</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cleveland_railway_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cleveland railway line">Cleveland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doomben_railway_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doomben railway line">Doomben</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferny_Grove_railway_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferny Grove railway line">Ferny Grove</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ipswich_and_Rosewood_railway_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ipswich and Rosewood railway line">Ipswich/Rosewood</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Redcliffe_Peninsula_railway_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redcliffe Peninsula railway line">Redcliffe Peninsula</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shorncliffe_railway_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shorncliffe railway line">Shorncliffe</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Springfield_railway_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Springfield railway line">Springfield</a> lines, as well as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exhibition_railway_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Exhibition railway line">Exhibition line</a> which is used only for events at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Showgrounds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Showgrounds">Brisbane Showgrounds</a>, as well as an inner-city bypass for freight and a turnback for long-distance services. The network extends to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gold Coast, Queensland">Gold</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunshine_Coast,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunshine Coast, Queensland">Sunshine</a> coasts, which are fully integrated into the network on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gold_Coast_railway_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gold Coast railway line">Gold Coast line</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunshine_Coast_railway_line?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunshine Coast railway line">Sunshine Coast line</a>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Airport_railway_line,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Airport railway line, Brisbane">Airtrain</a> service which runs on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Airport_railway_line,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Airport railway line, Brisbane">Airport line</a> is jointly operated between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Rail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Rail">Queensland Rail</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Airtrain_Citylink?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Airtrain Citylink">Airtrain Citylink</a>. 55 million passenger trips were taken across the network in 2018–19.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-206">[202]</a> Construction of the network began in 1865<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-207">[203]</a> and has been progressively expanded in the subsequent centuries. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rail_electrification_in_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rail electrification in Queensland">Electrification of the network</a> was completed between 1979 and 1988. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cross_River_Rail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cross River Rail">Cross River Rail</a> project includes a twin rail tunnel (5.9 km (3.7 mi) long) which will pass under the Brisbane River to link two new railway stations at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albert_Street,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albert Street, Brisbane">Albert Street</a> in the CBD and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Woolloongabba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Woolloongabba">Wooloongabba</a>; it is under construction and scheduled to be completed in early 2025.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-todo-208">[204]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Bus">Bus</h4> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Bus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Translink_Bus_Queensland_Australia.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Translink_Bus_Queensland_Australia.jpg/220px-Translink_Bus_Queensland_Australia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3007" data-file-height="2265"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Translink_Bus_Queensland_Australia.jpg/220px-Translink_Bus_Queensland_Australia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Translink_Bus_Queensland_Australia.jpg/330px-Translink_Bus_Queensland_Australia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Translink_Bus_Queensland_Australia.jpg/440px-Translink_Bus_Queensland_Australia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Translink Bus </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Busways_in_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Busways in Brisbane">Brisbane's busway network</a> is a large dedicated <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> network. The network comprises the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_East_Busway?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South East Busway">South East Busway</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northern_Busway,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northern Busway, Brisbane">Northern Busway</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eastern_Busway,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eastern Busway, Brisbane">Eastern Busway</a>. The main network hubs are the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/King_George_Square_busway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="King George Square busway station">King George Square</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Street_bus_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Street bus station">Queen Street</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Street_busway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Street busway station">Roma Street</a> busway stations. There are also numerous suburban bus routes operating throughout the metropolitan area, including the high-frequency blue and maroon <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CityGlider?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CityGlider">CityGlider</a> routes which run between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Newstead,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Newstead, Queensland">Newstead</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_End,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="West End, Queensland">West End</a> (blue), and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ashgrove,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ashgrove, Queensland">Ashgrove</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coorparoo,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coorparoo, Queensland">Coorparoo</a> (maroon) respectively. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Metro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Metro">Brisbane Metro</a> is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> (BRT) project which will initially consist of two routes (Metro 1 and 2) running between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eight_Mile_Plains_busway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eight Mile Plains busway station">Eight Mile Plains</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Street_busway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Street busway station">Roma Street</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UQ_Lakes_busway_station?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UQ Lakes busway station">UQ St Lucia (UQ Lakes)</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Brisbane_and_Women%27s_Hospital?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital">Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital</a> respectively. It is set to open in 2024. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Ferry">Ferry</h4> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Ferry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:CityCat_Gootcha_(ship,_2010)_in_January_2019_in_Brisbane.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/CityCat_Gootcha_%28ship%2C_2010%29_in_January_2019_in_Brisbane.jpg/220px-CityCat_Gootcha_%28ship%2C_2010%29_in_January_2019_in_Brisbane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3655" data-file-height="2868"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 173px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/CityCat_Gootcha_%28ship%2C_2010%29_in_January_2019_in_Brisbane.jpg/220px-CityCat_Gootcha_%28ship%2C_2010%29_in_January_2019_in_Brisbane.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/CityCat_Gootcha_%28ship%2C_2010%29_in_January_2019_in_Brisbane.jpg/330px-CityCat_Gootcha_%28ship%2C_2010%29_in_January_2019_in_Brisbane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/CityCat_Gootcha_%28ship%2C_2010%29_in_January_2019_in_Brisbane.jpg/440px-CityCat_Gootcha_%28ship%2C_2010%29_in_January_2019_in_Brisbane.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transdev_Brisbane_Ferries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transdev Brisbane Ferries">CityCat</a> ferry passing the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/City_Botanic_Gardens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="City Botanic Gardens">City Botanic Gardens</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gardens_Point,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gardens Point, Brisbane">Gardens Point</a> </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RiverCity_Ferries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="RiverCity Ferries">RiverCity Ferries</a> operates three ferry services along the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane River</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CityCat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CityCat">CityCat</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cityferry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cityferry">Cross River</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CityHopper?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CityHopper">CityHopper</a>. Brisbane's ferries, and particularly its <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catamaran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catamaran">catamaran</a> CityCats, are considered iconic to the city.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-209">[205]</a> The CityCat high-speed <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catamaran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catamaran">catamaran</a> ferry service, popular with tourists and commuters, operates services along the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane River</a> between the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Queensland">University of Queensland</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northshore_Hamilton_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northshore Hamilton ferry wharf">Northshore Hamilton</a>, with wharves at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Queensland_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Queensland ferry wharf">UQ St Lucia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West_End_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="West End ferry wharf">West End</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guyatt_Park_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guyatt Park ferry wharf">Guyatt Park</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regatta_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regatta ferry wharf">Regatta</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milton_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milton ferry wharf">Milton</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Quay_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Quay ferry wharf">North Quay</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank ferry wharf">South Bank</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/QUT_Gardens_Point_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="QUT Gardens Point ferry wharf">QUT Gardens Point</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riverside_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riverside ferry wharf">Riverside</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sydney_Street_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sydney Street ferry wharf">Sydney Street</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mowbray_Park_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mowbray Park ferry wharf">Mowbray Park</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_Farm_Park_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New Farm Park ferry wharf">New Farm Park</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hawthorne_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hawthorne ferry wharf">Hawthorne</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulimba_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulimba ferry wharf">Bulimba</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teneriffe_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teneriffe ferry wharf">Teneriffe</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretts_Wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretts Wharf">Bretts Wharf</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apollo_Road_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apollo Road ferry wharf">Apollo Road</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Northshore_Hamilton_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Northshore Hamilton ferry wharf">Northshore Hamilton</a>. The Cross River services operate smaller vessels for popular cross-river routes, namely: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulimba_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulimba ferry wharf">Bulimba</a>–<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teneriffe_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teneriffe ferry wharf">Teneriffe</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holman_Street_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holman Street ferry wharf">Holman Street</a>–<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riverside_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riverside ferry wharf">Riverside</a>. The free CityHopper service operates smaller vessels along a route between <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Quay_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Quay ferry wharf">North Quay</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sydney_Street_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sydney Street ferry wharf">Sydney Street</a>, stopping at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Bank_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Bank ferry wharf">South Bank</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maritime_Museum_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maritime Museum ferry wharf">Maritime Museum</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riverside_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riverside ferry wharf">Riverside</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holman_Street_ferry_wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holman Street ferry wharf">Holman Street</a>. There are tourist passenger ferries that depart the Brisbane River at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinkenba,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinkenba, Queensland">Pinkenba</a> to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tangalooma,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tangalooma, Queensland">Tangalooma</a> on Moreton Island four times daily, and Micat 4WD car ferries that depart from the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port of Brisbane">Port of Brisbane</a> daily.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-210">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Pedestrian">Pedestrian</h4> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Pedestrian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> An extensive network of pedestrian and cyclist pathways span the banks of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane River</a> in the inner suburbs to form the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_River?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Brisbane_Riverwalk" title="Brisbane River">Riverwalk</a> network.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-211">[207]</a> In some segments, the Riverwalk is built over the river. The longest span of the Riverwalk connects <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Newstead,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Newstead, Queensland">Newstead</a> in the east with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toowong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toowong">Toowong</a> in the west. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Airports">Airports</h4> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Airports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Brisbane_Airport_domestic_terminal_Vabre.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Brisbane_Airport_domestic_terminal_Vabre.jpg/220px-Brisbane_Airport_domestic_terminal_Vabre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Brisbane_Airport_domestic_terminal_Vabre.jpg/220px-Brisbane_Airport_domestic_terminal_Vabre.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Brisbane_Airport_domestic_terminal_Vabre.jpg/330px-Brisbane_Airport_domestic_terminal_Vabre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Brisbane_Airport_domestic_terminal_Vabre.jpg/440px-Brisbane_Airport_domestic_terminal_Vabre.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Domestic terminal at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Airport">Brisbane Airport</a> </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Airport">Brisbane Airport</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IATA_airport_code?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IATA airport code">IATA</a>: BNE, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ICAO_airport_code?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ICAO airport code">ICAO</a>: YBBN) is the city's main airport, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of the busiest airports in Australia">third busiest in Australia</a> after <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sydney_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sydney Airport">Sydney Airport</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Melbourne_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Melbourne Airport">Melbourne Airport</a>. It is located north-east of the city centre on Moreton Bay and provides domestic and international passenger services. In 2017, Brisbane Airport handled over 23 million passengers.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AirportTraffic-212">[208]</a> The airport is the main <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Airline_hub?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Airline hub">hub</a> for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Virgin_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Virgin Australia">Virgin Australia</a> as well as a number of minor and freight airlines, and a focus city for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Qantas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Qantas">Qantas</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jetstar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jetstar">Jetstar</a>. The airport is served by the Airtrain service which runs on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Airport_railway_line,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Airport railway line, Brisbane">Airport line</a>, providing a direct service to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_central_business_district?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane central business district">CBD</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archerfield_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archerfield Airport">Archerfield Airport</a> in Brisbane's southern suburbs, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Redcliffe_Airport_(Queensland)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redcliffe Airport (Queensland)">Redcliffe Airport</a> on the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Redcliffe_Peninsula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redcliffe Peninsula">Redcliffe Peninsula</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caboolture_Airfield?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caboolture Airfield">Caboolture Airfield</a> in the far north of the metropolitan area serve Brisbane as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/General_aviation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> airports. Brisbane is also served by other major airports in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_East_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South East Queensland">South East Queensland</a>, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gold_Coast_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gold Coast Airport">Gold Coast Airport</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coolangatta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coolangatta">Coolangatta</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunshine_Coast_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunshine Coast Airport">Sunshine Coast Airport</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcoola,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcoola, Queensland">Marcoola</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toowoomba_Wellcamp_Airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toowoomba Wellcamp Airport">Toowoomba Wellcamp Airport</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wellcamp,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wellcamp, Queensland">Wellcamp</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Seaport">Seaport</h4> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Seaport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Brisbane_Docks_2004_-_panoramio.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Brisbane_Docks_2004_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Brisbane_Docks_2004_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Brisbane_Docks_2004_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Brisbane_Docks_2004_-_panoramio.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Brisbane_Docks_2004_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Brisbane_Docks_2004_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Brisbane_Docks_2004_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Brisbane_Docks_2004_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port of Brisbane">Port of Brisbane</a>, Australia's third-busiest seaport </figcaption> </figure> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port of Brisbane">Port of Brisbane</a> is located on the south side of the mouth of the Brisbane River on <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moreton_Bay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moreton Bay">Moreton Bay</a> and on the adjacent Fisherman's Island, an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artificial_island?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artificial island">artificial island</a> created by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Land_reclamation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Land reclamation">land reclamation</a>. It is the third busiest port in Australia for value of goods.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Port_Technology-175">[171]</a> The port is the endpoint of the main shipping channel across Moreton Bay which extends 90 kilometres north near <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mooloolaba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mooloolaba">Mooloolaba</a>. The port has 29 operating berths including nine deep-water container <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berth_(moorings)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berth (moorings)">berths</a> and three deep-water bulk berths as well as 17 bulk and general cargo berths. There are two <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cruise_ship?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cruise ship">cruise ship</a> terminals in Brisbane. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portside_Wharf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portside Wharf">Portside Wharf</a> on the north side of the river at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hamilton,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hamilton, Queensland">Hamilton</a> is an international standard facility for cruise liners. Due to the height of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gateway_Bridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gateway Bridge">Gateway Bridge</a> which must be passed to reach the terminal, the wharf services small and medium-sized cruise ships. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_International_Cruise_Terminal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane International Cruise Terminal">Brisbane International Cruise Terminal</a> at Luggage Point in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinkenba,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinkenba, Queensland">Pinkenba</a> on the north side of the river opposite the Port of Brisbane is able to accommodate the largest cruise vessels in the world.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-213">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=36&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Healthcare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Queensland_Children%27s_Hospital_in_Brisbane,_November_2019.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Queensland_Children%27s_Hospital_in_Brisbane%2C_November_2019.jpg/220px-Queensland_Children%27s_Hospital_in_Brisbane%2C_November_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3688" data-file-height="2766"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Queensland_Children%27s_Hospital_in_Brisbane%2C_November_2019.jpg/220px-Queensland_Children%27s_Hospital_in_Brisbane%2C_November_2019.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Queensland_Children%27s_Hospital_in_Brisbane%2C_November_2019.jpg/330px-Queensland_Children%27s_Hospital_in_Brisbane%2C_November_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Queensland_Children%27s_Hospital_in_Brisbane%2C_November_2019.jpg/440px-Queensland_Children%27s_Hospital_in_Brisbane%2C_November_2019.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Children%27s_Hospital?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Children's Hospital">Queensland Children's Hospital</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Brisbane,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Brisbane, Queensland">South Brisbane</a> </figcaption> </figure> Brisbane is covered by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Health?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Health">Queensland Health's</a> Hospital and Health Services (divided in Metro North, Metro South and Children's Health Queensland).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-214">[210]</a> Within the greater Brisbane area there are eight major <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Public_hospital?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Public hospital">public hospitals</a>, four major <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Private_hospital?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Private hospital">private hospitals</a>, and numerous smaller public and private facilities. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Brisbane_and_Women%27s_Hospital?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital">Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Princess_Alexandra_Hospital,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane">Princess Alexandra Hospital</a> are two of Queensland's three major trauma centres. Standing alone, they are the largest hospitals in Australia. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Princess_Alexandra_Hospital,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane">Princess Alexandra Hospital</a> houses the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Translational_Research_Institute_(Australia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Translational Research Institute (Australia)">Translational Research Institute (Australia)</a> along with the state's renal and liver transplant services. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royal_Brisbane_and_Women%27s_Hospital?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital">Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital</a> includes a specialist burns unit.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-215">[211]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Prince_Charles_Hospital?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Prince Charles Hospital">The Prince Charles Hospital</a> is the state's major cardiac transplant centre. Other major public hospitals include the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Children%27s_Hospital?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Children's Hospital">Queensland Children's Hospital</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Jubilee_Hospital?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queen Elizabeth II Jubilee Hospital">Queen Elizabeth II Jubilee Hospital</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mater_Group?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mater Group">Mater Hospital</a>. Specialist and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/General_practitioner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="General practitioner">general medical practices</a> are located in the CBD, and most suburbs and localities. Brisbane is also home to the headquarters of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Ambulance_Service?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Ambulance Service">Queensland Ambulance Service</a> central executive, located at the Emergency Services Complex Kedron Park, along with the headquarters of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Fire_and_Emergency_Services?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Queensland Fire and Emergency Services">Queensland Fire and Emergency Services</a> and the Queensland Emergency Operations Centre. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Other_utilities">Other utilities</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=37&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Other utilities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Toowong_Cemetery_1a.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Toowong_Cemetery_1a.jpg/220px-Toowong_Cemetery_1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Toowong_Cemetery_1a.jpg/220px-Toowong_Cemetery_1a.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Toowong_Cemetery_1a.jpg/330px-Toowong_Cemetery_1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Toowong_Cemetery_1a.jpg/440px-Toowong_Cemetery_1a.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toowong_Cemetery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toowong Cemetery">Toowong Cemetery</a>, opened in 1875, Queensland's largest cemetery </figcaption> </figure> Water in Brisbane is managed by two <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Statutory_authority?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory authority">statutory authorities</a>: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seqwater?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seqwater">Seqwater</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Urban_Utilities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Urban Utilities">Urban Utilities</a>. Bulk water storage, treatment and transportation for South East Queensland is managed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seqwater?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seqwater">Seqwater</a>, with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Urban_Utilities?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Urban Utilities">Urban Utilities</a> (previously Brisbane Water) responsible for distribution to the greater Brisbane area. Water for the area is stored in three major dams to the north-west of the metropolitan area: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wivenhoe_Dam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wivenhoe Dam">Wivenhoe</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Somerset?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Somerset">Somerset</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_Pine_Dam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="North Pine Dam">North Pine</a>. The provision of electricity in Brisbane is managed by government and private bodies. Generators (some private and some owned by the Queensland government) sell energy into the wholesale market for eastern Australia known as the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Electricity_Market?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Electricity Market">National Electricity Market</a>. Transmission and distribution of electricity is managed by the Queensland government owned corporations <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Energex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Energex">Energex</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Powerlink_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Powerlink Queensland">Powerlink Queensland</a> respectively. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Electricity_retailing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Electricity retailing">Private retailers</a> then purchase electricity from the wholesale <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Electricity_market?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Electricity market">market</a> and sell it to consumers, which have the ability to choose between different retailers in a partially de-regulated market.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-216">[212]</a> The supply of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natural_gas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natural gas">gas</a> to users is more heavily privatised, with the private <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/APA_Group_(Australia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="APA Group (Australia)">APA Group</a> distributing gas in Brisbane, which is then bought and sold by retailers (mainly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Origin_Energy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Origin Energy">Origin Energy</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AGL_Energy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="AGL Energy">AGL Energy</a>) in a partially de-regulated market.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-217">[213]</a> Metropolitan Brisbane is serviced by all major and most minor telecommunications companies and their networks, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Telstra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Telstra">Telstra</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Optus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Optus">Optus</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vodafone_Australia_(brand)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodafone Australia (brand)">Vodafone Australia</a>. Brisbane is home to numerous <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cemetery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cemetery">cemeteries</a> including the following large 19th-century historical cemeteries: the 44-hectare <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toowong_Cemetery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toowong Cemetery">Toowong Cemetery</a> (the largest cemetery in Queensland, which is a popular destination for walkers and joggers), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balmoral_Cemetery,_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Balmoral Cemetery, Brisbane">Balmoral Cemetery</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lutwyche_Cemetery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lutwyche Cemetery">Lutwyche Cemetery</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nudgee_Cemetery_%26_Crematorium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nudgee Cemetery & Crematorium">Nudgee Cemetery</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nundah_Cemetery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nundah Cemetery">Nundah Cemetery</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Brisbane_Cemetery?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="South Brisbane Cemetery">South Brisbane Cemetery</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <h2 id="Media">Media</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=38&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Print">Print</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=39&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Print" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The main local print newspapers of Brisbane are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Courier-Mail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Courier-Mail">The Courier-Mail</a> and its sibling <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Sunday_Mail_(Brisbane)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Sunday Mail (Brisbane)">The Sunday Mail</a>, both owned by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/News_Corporation_(1980%E2%80%932013)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="News Corporation (1980–2013)">News Corporation</a>. Brisbane also receives the national daily, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Australian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Australian">The Australian</a> and its sibling the Weekend Australian. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Times">Brisbane Times</a> is Brisbane's second major local news source, owned by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nine_Entertainment_Co.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nine Entertainment Co.">Nine</a>, and is online only. Its sibling papers, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Sydney Morning Herald">The Sydney Morning Herald</a> and Melbourne's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Age?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Age">The Age</a> are sometimes sold in print in Brisbane in small numbers. The national broadsheet <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Financial_Review?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Financial Review">Australian Financial Review</a>, also owned by Nine, is sold in print in Brisbane. There are community and suburban newspapers throughout the metropolitan area, including Brisbane News and City News, many of which are produced by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quest_Community_Newspapers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quest Community Newspapers">Quest Community Newspapers</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Television">Television</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=40&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Television" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:OIC_river_view_of_toowong_and_mt_coot-tha.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/OIC_river_view_of_toowong_and_mt_coot-tha.jpg/220px-OIC_river_view_of_toowong_and_mt_coot-tha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/OIC_river_view_of_toowong_and_mt_coot-tha.jpg/220px-OIC_river_view_of_toowong_and_mt_coot-tha.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/OIC_river_view_of_toowong_and_mt_coot-tha.jpg/330px-OIC_river_view_of_toowong_and_mt_coot-tha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/OIC_river_view_of_toowong_and_mt_coot-tha.jpg/440px-OIC_river_view_of_toowong_and_mt_coot-tha.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Television <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transmission_tower?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transmission tower">transmission towers</a> atop <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Coot-tha,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Coot-tha, Queensland">Mount Coot-tha</a> </figcaption> </figure> Brisbane is served by all five major television networks in Australia, which broadcast from prominent <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transmission_tower?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transmission tower">television transmission towers</a> on the summit of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mount_Coot-tha,_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mount Coot-tha, Queensland">Mount Coot-tha</a>. The three commercial stations, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seven_Network?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seven Network">Seven</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nine_Network?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nine Network">Nine</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Network_Ten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Network Ten">Ten</a>, are accompanied by two government networks, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special Broadcasting Service">SBS</a>. Channels provided by these networks include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_HD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="10 HD">10 HD</a> (10 broadcast in HD), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_Bold?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="10 Bold">10 Bold</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_Peach?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="10 Peach">10 Peach</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10_Shake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="10 Shake">10 Shake</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TVSN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TVSN">TVSN</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ABC_HD_(Australian_TV_channel)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC HD (Australian TV channel)">ABC TV HD</a> (ABC TV broadcast in HD), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ABC_TV_Plus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC TV Plus">ABC TV Plus</a>/<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ABC_Kids_(Australia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ABC Kids (Australia)">Kids</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ABC_ME?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC ME">ABC ME</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ABC_News_(TV_channel)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC News (TV channel)">ABC News</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SBS_HD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="SBS HD">SBS HD</a> (SBS broadcast in HD), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SBS_World_Movies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SBS World Movies">SBS World Movies</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SBS_Viceland_HD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="SBS Viceland HD">SBS Viceland HD</a> (SBS Viceland broadcast in HD), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SBS_Food?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SBS Food">SBS Food</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Indigenous_Television?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Indigenous Television">NITV</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SBS_WorldWatch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SBS WorldWatch">SBS WorldWatch</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7HD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="7HD">7HD</a> (Seven broadcast in HD), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7two?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7two">7two</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7mate?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7mate">7mate</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7flix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7flix">7flix</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7mate_HD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="7mate HD">7mate HD</a> (7mate broadcast in HD), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Racing.com?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Racing.com">Racing.com</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9HD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="9HD">9HD</a> (Nine broadcast in HD), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9Gem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9Gem">9Gem</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9Go!?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9Go!">9Go!</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9Life?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9Life">9Life</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9Gem_HD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="9Gem HD">9Gem HD</a> (9Gem broadcast in HD) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9Rush?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="9Rush">9Rush</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/31_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="31 Brisbane">31 Digital</a>, a community station, also broadcast in Brisbane until 2017. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Optus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Optus">Optus</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Foxtel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Foxtel">Foxtel</a> operates Pay TV services in Brisbane, via <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cable_television?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cable television">cable</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satellite_television?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Satellite television">satellite</a> means. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=41&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Radio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Brisbane is serviced by five major public radio stations including major commercial radio stations, including <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ABC_Radio_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ABC Radio Brisbane">ABC Radio Brisbane</a> (local news, current affairs and talk); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ABC_Radio_National?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Radio National">ABC Radio National</a> (national news and current affairs); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ABC_NewsRadio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ABC NewsRadio">ABC NewsRadio</a> (national news); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ABC_Classic_FM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Classic FM">ABC Classic FM</a> (classical music); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Triple_J?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Triple J">Triple J</a> (alternative music); and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SBS_Radio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SBS Radio">SBS Radio</a> (multicultural broadcasting). Brisbane is serviced by numerous major commercial and community radio stations including 4BC (local and national talk, news and current affairs); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4KQ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4KQ">SENQ</a> (sport); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4BH?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4BH">4BH</a> (classic hits); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/KIIS_97.3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="KIIS 97.3">KIIS 97.3</a> (pop); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B105_FM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="B105 FM">B105</a> (pop); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_106.9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova 106.9">Nova 106.9</a> (top 40); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Triple_M_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Triple M Brisbane">Triple M</a> (rock); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/96five_Family_FM?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="96five Family FM">96five Family FM</a> (Christian/pop); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radio_TAB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio TAB">Radio TAB</a> (betting); and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4MBS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4MBS">4MBS</a> (classical). Brisbane is also serviced by community radio stations such as VAC Radio (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Standard_Chinese?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a>); Radio Brisvaani (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hindi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2ME_Radio_Arabic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2ME Radio Arabic">Radio Arabic</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arabic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4EB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4EB">4EB</a> (multiple languages); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/98.9_FM_(Brisbane)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="98.9 FM (Brisbane)">98.9 FM</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indigenous_Australians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indigenous Australians">indigenous</a>); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4RPH?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4RPH">4RPH</a> (vision impaired); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Switch_1197?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Switch 1197">Switch 1197</a> (youth broadcasting); <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4ZZZ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4ZZZ">4ZZZ</a> (community radio); and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vision_Christian_Radio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vision Christian Radio">Vision Christian Radio</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianity">Christian</a>).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-218">[214]</a> Additional channels are also available via <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_audio_broadcasting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital audio broadcasting">DAB</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_radio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital radio">digital radio</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=42&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Sister cities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> Sister cities of Brisbane include:<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-219">[215]</a> <ul> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abu_Dhabi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>, United Arab Emirates</li> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auckland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, New Zealand</li> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chongqing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, China</li> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daejeon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Daejeon">Daejeon</a>, South Korea</li> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hyderabad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a>, India</li> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaohsiung?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaohsiung">Kaohsiung</a>, Taiwan</li> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kobe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kobe">Kobe</a>, Japan</li> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sapporo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sapporo">Sapporo</a>, Japan</li> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seattle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, United States</li> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semarang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Semarang">Semarang</a>, Indonesia</li> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shenzhen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, China</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=43&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style> <ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"> <noscript> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Queensland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Queensland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Queensland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Queensland.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Queensland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Queensland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Queensland.svg/64px-Flag_of_Queensland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Queensland">Queensland portal</a></li> <li class="portalbox-entry"> <noscript> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 16px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="32" data-height="16" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Australia">Australia portal</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Climate_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Climate of Brisbane">Climate of Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Culture_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Culture of Brisbane">Culture of Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demographics_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demographics of Brisbane">Demographics of Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economy_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economy of Brisbane">Economy of Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geography_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geography of Brisbane">Geography of Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/History_of_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="History of Brisbane">History of Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Brisbane_suburbs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of Brisbane suburbs">List of Brisbane suburbs</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of museums in Brisbane">List of museums in Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of tallest buildings in Brisbane">List of tallest buildings in Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_people_from_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of people from Brisbane">List of people from Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sport_in_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sport in Brisbane">Sport in Brisbane</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transport_in_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transport in Brisbane">Transport in Brisbane</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"> <h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=44&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-150">^</a> In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/England?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="England">England</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scotland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mainland_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> and the Special Administrative Regions of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hong_Kong?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macau">Macau</a> are listed separately.</li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-152">^</a> The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry are part of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglo-Celtic_Australian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Celtic Australian">Anglo-Celtic</a> group.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-151">[150]</a></li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-153">^</a> Those who nominated their ancestry as "Australian Aboriginal". Does not include <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islanders</a>. This relates to nomination of ancestry and is distinct from persons who identify as Indigenous (Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander) which is a separate question.</li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-171">^</a> Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.</li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=45&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-abs.gov.au-1">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-abs.gov.au_1-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-abs.gov.au_1-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-abs.gov.au_1-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/2022-23">"Regional population, 2022–23 financial year"</a>. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 26 March 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+population%2C+2022%E2%80%9323+financial+year&rft.pub=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2023-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fstatistics%2Fpeople%2Fpopulation%2Fregional-population%2F2022-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-auto5-2">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto5_2-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto5_2-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto5_2-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto5_2-3">d</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto5_2-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/community-profiles/2021/3GBRI">"2021 Greater Brisbane, Census Community Profiles"</a>. Australian Bureau of Statistics. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630122137/https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/community-profiles/2021/3GBRI">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2021+Greater+Brisbane%2C+Census+Community+Profiles&rft.pub=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus%2Ffind-census-data%2Fcommunity-profiles%2F2021%2F3GBRI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-13/uncovering-the-secrets-behind-brisbanes-settlement-190-years-ago/6465932">"Uncovering the secrets behind the City of Brisbane's settlement 190 years ago"</a>. ABC News. 13 May 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uncovering+the+secrets+behind+the+City+of+Brisbane%27s+settlement+190+years+ago&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2015-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2015-05-13%2Funcovering-the-secrets-behind-brisbanes-settlement-190-years-ago%2F6465932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://brisbanetour.com.au/blog/what-is-the-greater-brisbane-area/">"What is the greater Brisbane area?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011122839/https://brisbanetour.com.au/blog/what-is-the-greater-brisbane-area/">Archived</a> 11 October 2022 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, brisbanetour.com.au</li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1%3D87421%26placename%3Dsydney%26placetype%3D0%26state%3D0%26place1%3DBRISBANE%26place1long%3D153.028015%26place1lat%3D-27.467850">"Great Circle Distance from between Brisbane and Sydney"</a>. Geoscience Australia. March 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207095017/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1%3D87421%26placename%3Dsydney%26placetype%3D0%26state%3D0%26place1%3DBRISBANE%26place1long%3D153.028015%26place1lat%3D-27.467850">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+Circle+Distance+from+between+Brisbane+and+Sydney&rft.pub=Geoscience+Australia&rft.date=2004-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ga.gov.au%2Fcocky%2Fcgi%2Frun%2Fdistancedraw2%3Frec1%3D87421%26placename%3Dsydney%26placetype%3D0%26state%3D0%26place1%3DBRISBANE%26place1long%3D153.028015%26place1lat%3D-27.467850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1%3D131%26placename%3Dcanberra%26placetype%3D0%26state%3D0%26place1%3DBRISBANE%26place1long%3D153.028015%26place1lat%3D-27.467850">"Great Circle Distance between Brisbane and Canberra"</a>. Geoscience Australia. March 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207095017/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1%3D131%26placename%3Dcanberra%26placetype%3D0%26state%3D0%26place1%3DBRISBANE%26place1long%3D153.028015%26place1lat%3D-27.467850">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+Circle+Distance+between+Brisbane+and+Canberra&rft.pub=Geoscience+Australia&rft.date=2004-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ga.gov.au%2Fcocky%2Fcgi%2Frun%2Fdistancedraw2%3Frec1%3D131%26placename%3Dcanberra%26placetype%3D0%26state%3D0%26place1%3DBRISBANE%26place1long%3D153.028015%26place1lat%3D-27.467850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1%3D248650%26placename%3Dmelbourne%26placetype%3D0%26state%3D0%26place1%3DBRISBANE%26place1long%3D153.028015%26place1lat%3D-27.467850">"Great Circle Distance between Brisbane and Melbourne"</a>. Geoscience Australia. March 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207095017/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1%3D248650%26placename%3Dmelbourne%26placetype%3D0%26state%3D0%26place1%3DBRISBANE%26place1long%3D153.028015%26place1lat%3D-27.467850">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+Circle+Distance+between+Brisbane+and+Melbourne&rft.pub=Geoscience+Australia&rft.date=2004-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ga.gov.au%2Fcocky%2Fcgi%2Frun%2Fdistancedraw2%3Frec1%3D248650%26placename%3Dmelbourne%26placetype%3D0%26state%3D0%26place1%3DBRISBANE%26place1long%3D153.028015%26place1lat%3D-27.467850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1%3D163285%26placename%3DADELAIDE%26placetype%3D0%26state%3D0%26place1%3DBRISBANE%26place1long%3D153.028015%26place1lat%3D-27.467850">"Great Circle Distance between Brisbane and Adelaide"</a>. Geoscience Australia. March 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207095017/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1%3D163285%26placename%3DADELAIDE%26placetype%3D0%26state%3D0%26place1%3DBRISBANE%26place1long%3D153.028015%26place1lat%3D-27.467850">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+Circle+Distance+between+Brisbane+and+Adelaide&rft.pub=Geoscience+Australia&rft.date=2004-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ga.gov.au%2Fcocky%2Fcgi%2Frun%2Fdistancedraw2%3Frec1%3D163285%26placename%3DADELAIDE%26placetype%3D0%26state%3D0%26place1%3DBRISBANE%26place1long%3D153.028015%26place1lat%3D-27.467850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1%3D304529%26placename%3Dperth%26placetype%3D0%26state%3D0%26place1%3DBRISBANE%26place1long%3D153.028015%26place1lat%3D-27.467850">"Great Circle Distance between Brisbane and Perth"</a>. Geoscience Australia. March 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207095017/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1%3D304529%26placename%3Dperth%26placetype%3D0%26state%3D0%26place1%3DBRISBANE%26place1long%3D153.028015%26place1lat%3D-27.467850">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+Circle+Distance+between+Brisbane+and+Perth&rft.pub=Geoscience+Australia&rft.date=2004-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ga.gov.au%2Fcocky%2Fcgi%2Frun%2Fdistancedraw2%3Frec1%3D304529%26placename%3Dperth%26placetype%3D0%26state%3D0%26place1%3DBRISBANE%26place1long%3D153.028015%26place1lat%3D-27.467850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Macquarie Dictionary. The Macquarie Library. 2003. p. 121. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-876429-37-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/1-876429-37-2"><bdi>1-876429-37-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macquarie+Dictionary&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=The+Macquarie+Library&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-876429-37-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-qpn-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-qpn_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQPN4555" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.dnrm.qld.gov.au/qld/environment/land/place-names/search%23/search%3DBrisbane%26types%3D0%26place%3DBrisbane4555">"Brisbane (entry 4555)"</a>. Queensland Place Names. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Government">Queensland Government</a>. Retrieved 14 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Queensland+Place+Names&rft.atitle=Brisbane+%28entry+4555%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnrm.qld.gov.au%2Fqld%2Fenvironment%2Fland%2Fplace-names%2Fsearch%23%2Fsearch%3DBrisbane%26types%3D0%26place%3DBrisbane4555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.queenslandplaces.com.au/brisbane-and-greater-brisbane">"Brisbane and Greater Brisbane"</a>. Queensland Places. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140127011630/http://www.queenslandplaces.com.au/brisbane-and-greater-brisbane">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brisbane+and+Greater+Brisbane&rft.pub=Queensland+Places&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.queenslandplaces.com.au%2Fbrisbane-and-greater-brisbane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://results.ecq.qld.gov.au/Local_Area_Maps/data/profiles/Brisbane.pdf">"Brisbane City Council Local Government Area Map"</a> (PDF). Electoral Commission of Queensland. Retrieved 30 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Electoral+Commission+of+Queensland&rft.atitle=Brisbane+City+Council+Local+Government+Area+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresults.ecq.qld.gov.au%2FLocal_Area_Maps%2Fdata%2Fprofiles%2FBrisbane.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.visitbrisbane.com.au/information/about-brisbane?sc_lang%3Den-au%23:~:text%3DGeography,km%2520across%2520South%2520East%2520Queensland.">"About Brisbane – Visit Brisbane"</a>. Visit Brisbane. 16 January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116013234/https://www.visitbrisbane.com.au/information/about-brisbane?sc_lang%3Den-au%23:~:text%3DGeography,km%2520across%2520South%2520East%2520Queensland.">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 16 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Brisbane&rft.atitle=About+Brisbane+%E2%80%93+Visit+Brisbane&rft.date=2022-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitbrisbane.com.au%2Finformation%2Fabout-brisbane%3Fsc_lang%3Den-au%23%3A~%3Atext%3DGeography%2Ckm%2520across%2520South%2520East%2520Queensland.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent2014" class="citation web cs1">Kent, Lucinda (21 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.abc.net.au/local/photos/2014/03/21/3969035.htm">"Is this the average Brisbanite?"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ABC_Radio_Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ABC Radio Brisbane">ABC Radio Brisbane</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831151144/http://www.abc.net.au/local/photos/2014/03/21/3969035.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+Radio+Brisbane&rft.atitle=Is+this+the+average+Brisbanite%3F&rft.date=2014-03-21&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Lucinda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Flocal%2Fphotos%2F2014%2F03%2F21%2F3969035.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/archived/linguafranca/2012-10-13/4309334%23transcript">"Names for where we're from"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ABC_Radio_National?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Radio National">ABC Radio National</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. 13 October 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222072405/https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/archived/linguafranca/2012-10-13/4309334%23transcript">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+Radio+National&rft.atitle=Names+for+where+we%27re+from&rft.date=2012-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fradionational%2Fprograms%2Farchived%2Flinguafranca%2F2012-10-13%2F4309334%23transcript&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ww2places.qld.gov.au/south-west-pacific-campaign">"South West Pacific campaign"</a>. Queensland World War II Historic Places. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Government">Queensland Government</a>. 30 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424214526/https://www.ww2places.qld.gov.au/south-west-pacific-campaign">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 22 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Queensland+World+War+II+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=South+West+Pacific+campaign&rft.date=2014-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ww2places.qld.gov.au%2Fsouth-west-pacific-campaign&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://businesschief.asia/leadership-and-strategy/brisbane-hub-innovation-and-gateway-asia">"Brisbane: A hub for innovation and the gateway to Asia"</a>. Business Chief. 19 May 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111002724/https://businesschief.asia/leadership-and-strategy/brisbane-hub-innovation-and-gateway-asia">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brisbane%3A+A+hub+for+innovation+and+the+gateway+to+Asia&rft.pub=Business+Chief&rft.date=2020-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusinesschief.asia%2Fleadership-and-strategy%2Fbrisbane-hub-innovation-and-gateway-asia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://startupgenome.com/ecosystems/brisbane">"Brisbane"</a>. startupgenome. Retrieved 25 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=startupgenome&rft.atitle=Brisbane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstartupgenome.com%2Fecosystems%2Fbrisbane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/3GBRI?opendocument">"2016 Census Community Profiles: Greater Brisbane"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a>. 23 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512032924/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/3GBRI%253Fopendocument">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=2016+Census+Community+Profiles%3A+Greater+Brisbane&rft.date=2017-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fcommunityprofile%2F3GBRI%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.broadsheet.com.au/national/city-file/article/worlds-most-liveable-cities-index-australia-melbourne-sydney-adelaide-brisbane-perth">"Announced: Melbourne Remains the World's Second Most Liveable City"</a>. Broadsheet. 4 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727050243/https://www.broadsheet.com.au/national/city-file/article/worlds-most-liveable-cities-index-australia-melbourne-sydney-adelaide-brisbane-perth">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Broadsheet&rft.atitle=Announced%3A+Melbourne+Remains+the+World%27s+Second+Most+Liveable+City&rft.date=2019-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadsheet.com.au%2Fnational%2Fcity-file%2Farticle%2Fworlds-most-liveable-cities-index-australia-melbourne-sydney-adelaide-brisbane-perth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-07-22/qld-brisbane-olympics-bid-ioc-reaction-2032/100312862">"Brisbane wakes as Olympics 2032 city after IOC's landslide vote of confidence"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 22 July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723050945/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-07-22/qld-brisbane-olympics-bid-ioc-reaction-2032/100312862">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=Brisbane+wakes+as+Olympics+2032+city+after+IOC%27s+landslide+vote+of+confidence&rft.date=2021-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2021-07-22%2Fqld-brisbane-olympics-bid-ioc-reaction-2032%2F100312862&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/clean-and-green/brisbane-clean-green-sustainable%23:~:text%3DBrisbane%2520has%2520been%2520a%2520leader,achieved%2520for%2520our%2520city%2520together.">"Brisbane. Clean, Green, Sustainable"</a>. brisbane.qld.gov.au. 15 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=brisbane.qld.gov.au&rft.atitle=Brisbane.+Clean%2C+Green%2C+Sustainable&rft.date=2024-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbane.qld.gov.au%2Fclean-and-green%2Fbrisbane-clean-green-sustainable%23%3A~%3Atext%3DBrisbane%2520has%2520been%2520a%2520leader%2Cachieved%2520for%2520our%2520city%2520together.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://visit.brisbane.qld.au/places-to-go/inner-city/south-bank/about-south-bank">"About South Bank | Visit Brisbane, Australia"</a>. visit.brisbane.qld.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131084954/https://visit.brisbane.qld.au/places-to-go/inner-city/south-bank/about-south-bank">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=visit.brisbane.qld.au&rft.atitle=About+South+Bank+%7C+Visit+Brisbane%2C+Australia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisit.brisbane.qld.au%2Fplaces-to-go%2Finner-city%2Fsouth-bank%2Fabout-south-bank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrisbane_Australia.com" class="citation web cs1">Brisbane Australia.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.brisbane-australia.com/brisbane-river-history.html">"Brisbane River History"</a>. Brisbane Australia.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103120117/https://www.brisbane-australia.com/brisbane-river-history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brisbane+Australia.com&rft.atitle=Brisbane+River+History&rft.au=Brisbane+Australia.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbane-australia.com%2Fbrisbane-river-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeydon1966" class="citation journal cs1">Heydon, J. D. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/brisbane-sir-thomas-makdougall-1827">"Sir Thomas Makdougall Brisbane (1773–1860)"</a>. Australian Dictionary of Biography. 1. Retrieved 23 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.atitle=Sir+Thomas+Makdougall+Brisbane+%281773%E2%80%931860%29&rft.volume=1&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Heydon&rft.aufirst=J.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Fbrisbane-sir-thomas-makdougall-1827&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname%3Dbrisbane">"Brisbane Surname Meaning & Brisbane Family History at Ancestry.com®"</a>. www.ancestry.com. Retrieved 23 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ancestry.com&rft.atitle=Brisbane+Surname+Meaning+%26+Brisbane+Family+History+at+Ancestry.com%C2%AE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.com%2Fname-origin%3Fsurname%3Dbrisbane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoffet2021" class="citation web cs1">Moffet, Rodger (17 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.scotclans.com/blogs/b2/clan-brisbane-history">"Clan Brisbane History"</a>. ScotClans.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ScotClans&rft.atitle=Clan+Brisbane+History&rft.date=2021-10-17&rft.aulast=Moffet&rft.aufirst=Rodger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotclans.com%2Fblogs%2Fb2%2Fclan-brisbane-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScottClark2006" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Noel; Clark, Stephen (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DBTGt2fvYVXUC%26pg%3DPA310">"The Development and Tracking of a Branding Campaign for Brisbane"</a>. In Prideaux, Bruce; Moscardo, Gianna; Laws, Eric (eds.). Managing Tourism and Hospitality Services: Theory and International Applications. CABI. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781845930158?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9781845930158"><bdi>9781845930158</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117222835/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DBTGt2fvYVXUC%26pg%3DPA310">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Development+and+Tracking+of+a+Branding+Campaign+for+Brisbane&rft.btitle=Managing+Tourism+and+Hospitality+Services%3A+Theory+and+International+Applications&rft.pub=CABI&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781845930158&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft.au=Clark%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBTGt2fvYVXUC%26pg%3DPA310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-trove-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-trove_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsher1907" class="citation web cs1">Asher, Morris (31 July 1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/163659134?searchTerm%3Dbrisbane%2520queen%2520city">"Brisbane: The Queen City of the North"</a>. Trove. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928011837/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/163659134?searchTerm%3Dbrisbane%2520queen%2520city">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trove&rft.atitle=Brisbane%3A+The+Queen+City+of+the+North&rft.date=1907-07-31&rft.aulast=Asher&rft.aufirst=Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F163659134%3FsearchTerm%3Dbrisbane%2520queen%2520city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurrbal_Aboriginal_Tribe" class="citation web cs1">Turrbal Aboriginal Tribe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.turrbal.com.au/our-story">"Our Story"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207011301/https://www.turrbal.com.au/our-story">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Story&rft.au=Turrbal+Aboriginal+Tribe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turrbal.com.au%2Four-story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2018/06/06/meanjin-debacle-erasing-aboriginal-words-order-highlight-white-womens-1">"Meanjin debacle: erasing Aboriginal words in order to highlight white women's appropriation"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NITV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="NITV">NITV</a>. 6 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031023201/https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2018/06/06/meanjin-debacle-erasing-aboriginal-words-order-highlight-white-womens-1">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NITV&rft.atitle=Meanjin+debacle%3A+erasing+Aboriginal+words+in+order+to+highlight+white+women%27s+appropriation&rft.date=2018-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnitv%2Farticle%2F2018%2F06%2F06%2Fmeanjin-debacle-erasing-aboriginal-words-order-highlight-white-womens-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/documents/about%2520council/vision2026_final_ourbrisbane.pdf">Our Brisbane – Our shared vision</a> – <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane City Council">Brisbane City Council</a> Page 2 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140127025724/http://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/documents/about%2520council/vision2026_final_ourbrisbane.pdf">Archived</a> 27 January 2014 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://meanjin.com.au/about-meanjin/">"About Meanjin"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meanjin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meanjin">Meanjin Quarterly</a>. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107075231/https://meanjin.com.au/about-meanjin/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Meanjin+Quarterly&rft.atitle=About+Meanjin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeanjin.com.au%2Fabout-meanjin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-PetrieMeanjin-35">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PetrieMeanjin_35-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PetrieMeanjin_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article19160836">"The Old Brisbane Blacks"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Brisbane_Courier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Brisbane Courier">The Brisbane Courier</a>. Vol. LVIII, no. 13, 623. Queensland, Australia. 10 September 1901. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324004447/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/19160836">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023 – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brisbane+Courier&rft.atitle=The+Old+Brisbane+Blacks.&rft.volume=LVIII&rft.issue=13%2C+623&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1901-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article19160836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurrbal_Dippil" class="citation web cs1">Turrbal Dippil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.turrbal.com.au/our-story">"Our Story"</a>. Turrbal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207011301/https://www.turrbal.com.au/our-story">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Turrbal&rft.atitle=Our+Story&rft.au=Turrbal+Dippil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turrbal.com.au%2Four-story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-magandjin-37">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-magandjin_37-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-magandjin_37-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlton2023" class="citation web cs1">Charlton, Gaja Kerry (15 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://meanjin.com.au/essays/makunschan-meeanjan-miganchan-meanjan-magandjin/">"Makunschan, Meeanjan, Miganchan, Meanjan, Magandjin"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meanjin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meanjin">Meanjin</a>. Retrieved 6 February 2024. <q>In 1843, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludwig_Leichhardt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ludwig Leichhardt">he</a> was given two names: Makandschin from an original Brisbane man and Megandsin from an original speaker from a different country... <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archibald_Meston?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archibald Meston">Meston</a> listed Magoo-jin then Magandjin, based on Magan, the name of the Tulipwood tree, from elderly <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koori?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koori">Goori</a> [Aboriginal] speakers who asserted they were 'Brisbane natives'... From a Goori knowledge base the names based on the Tulipwood tree fits best for the original Goori name. The suffix -djin indicates plural, e.g. people, district, river. The Migan-dar-gu-n (Mi'andjan) version describes the use of a sharp tool, possibly ground being dug up, likely the first convict garden, which the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_Petrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas Petrie">Petrie</a> map shows multiplied across the whole of the promontory. Another explanation of this name is 'land shaped like a spike'. Both these are based on Dugai [European] activity and Dugai lens... Magandjin fits as the original word for an area of what is now called Brisbane. Migandjan refers to digging the ground—either gardens or buildings. However, the term Migandjan spread. As demonstrated, language repatriation is a work in progress.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Meanjin&rft.atitle=Makunschan%2C+Meeanjan%2C+Miganchan%2C+Meanjan%2C+Magandjin&rft.date=2023-06-15&rft.aulast=Charlton&rft.aufirst=Gaja+Kerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeanjin.com.au%2Fessays%2Fmakunschan-meeanjan-miganchan-meanjan-magandjin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Native_Title_Tribunal" class="citation web cs1">National Native Title Tribunal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nntt.gov.au/searchRegApps/NativeTitleClaims/Pages/details.aspx?NTDA_Fileno%3DQC2011%252F008">"Yagara/YUgarapul People (QC2011/008)"</a>. National Native Title Tribunal. Australian Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311140918/http://www.nntt.gov.au/searchRegApps/NativeTitleClaims/Pages/details.aspx?NTDA_Fileno%3DQC2011%252F008">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 21 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Native+Title+Tribunal&rft.atitle=Yagara%2FYUgarapul+People+%28QC2011%2F008%29&rft.au=National+Native+Title+Tribunal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nntt.gov.au%2FsearchRegApps%2FNativeTitleClaims%2FPages%2Fdetails.aspx%3FNTDA_Fileno%3DQC2011%252F008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Native_Titile_Tribunal" class="citation web cs1">National Native Titile Tribunal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nntt.gov.au/searchRegApps/NativeTitleClaims/Pages/details.aspx?NTDA_Fileno%3DQC2014/006">"Quandamooka People #4 (QC2014/006)"</a>. National Native Titile Tribunal. Australian Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317142034/http://www.nntt.gov.au/searchRegApps/NativeTitleClaims/Pages/details.aspx?NTDA_Fileno%3DQC2014/006">Archived</a> from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 21 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Native+Titile+Tribunal&rft.atitle=Quandamooka+People+%234+%28QC2014%2F006%29&rft.au=National+Native+Titile+Tribunal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nntt.gov.au%2FsearchRegApps%2FNativeTitleClaims%2FPages%2Fdetails.aspx%3FNTDA_Fileno%3DQC2014%2F006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrump2015" class="citation web cs1">Crump, Desmond (16 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/aboriginal-languages-greater-brisbane-area">"Aboriginal languages of the Greater Brisbane Area"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_Library_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State Library of Queensland">State Library of Queensland</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322102532/https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/aboriginal-languages-greater-brisbane-area">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=State+Library+of+Queensland&rft.atitle=Aboriginal+languages+of+the+Greater+Brisbane+Area&rft.date=2015-03-16&rft.aulast=Crump&rft.aufirst=Desmond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slq.qld.gov.au%2Fblog%2Faboriginal-languages-greater-brisbane-area&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/E23">"E23: Yuggera"</a>. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Collection. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603213427/https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/E23">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Institute+of+Aboriginal+and+Torres+Strait+Islander+Studies+Collection&rft.atitle=E23%3A+Yuggera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollection.aiatsis.gov.au%2Faustlang%2Flanguage%2FE23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/E86">"E86: Turrbal"</a>. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Collection. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413103405/https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/E86">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Institute+of+Aboriginal+and+Torres+Strait+Islander+Studies+Collection&rft.atitle=E86%3A+Turrbal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollection.aiatsis.gov.au%2Faustlang%2Flanguage%2FE86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRidley1866" class="citation book cs1">Ridley, WM (1866). Kamilaroi, Dippil, and Turrubul: Languages Spoken by Australian Aborigines. Sydney: New South Wales Government Printing Office. p. 61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kamilaroi%2C+Dippil%2C+and+Turrubul%3A+Languages+Spoken+by+Australian+Aborigines&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=New+South+Wales+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1866&rft.aulast=Ridley&rft.aufirst=WM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhanGraham-McLay2023" class="citation news cs1">Khan, Jo; Graham-McLay, Charlotte (23 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jul/24/naarm-gadigal-tamaki-makaurau-indigenous-placenames-in-the-spotlight-at-womens-world-cup">"Naarm, Gadigal, Tāmaki Makaurau: Indigenous place names in the spotlight at Women's World Cup"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804045402/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jul/24/naarm-gadigal-tamaki-makaurau-indigenous-placenames-in-the-spotlight-at-womens-world-cup">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Naarm%2C+Gadigal%2C+T%C4%81maki+Makaurau%3A+Indigenous+place+names+in+the+spotlight+at+Women%27s+World+Cup&rft.date=2023-07-23&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft.au=Graham-McLay%2C+Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffootball%2F2023%2Fjul%2F24%2Fnaarm-gadigal-tamaki-makaurau-indigenous-placenames-in-the-spotlight-at-womens-world-cup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://auspost.com.au/community-hub/traditional-place-names/meanjin-exploring-traditional-place-name-of-brisbane">"Meanjin: exploring the Traditional Place name of Brisbane"</a>. auspost.com.au. 14 July 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803073615/https://auspost.com.au/community-hub/traditional-place-names/meanjin-exploring-traditional-place-name-of-brisbane">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=auspost.com.au&rft.atitle=Meanjin%3A+exploring+the+Traditional+Place+name+of+Brisbane&rft.date=2023-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fauspost.com.au%2Fcommunity-hub%2Ftraditional-place-names%2Fmeanjin-exploring-traditional-place-name-of-brisbane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFbrisbanelions2023" class="citation web cs1">@brisbanelions (20 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://x.com/brisbanelions/status/1659853452359639042">"Welcome to Meanjin"</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tweet (social media)">Tweet</a>) – via <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Twitter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Meanjin&rft.date=2023-05-20&rft.au=brisbanelions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Fbrisbanelions%2Fstatus%2F1659853452359639042&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchibald_Meston" class="citation web cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archibald_Meston?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archibald Meston">Archibald Meston</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.brisbanehistory.com/vanished_tribes.html">"Aboriginal Indigeneous Tribes of Brisbane and Moreton Bay"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712092614/http://www.brisbanehistory.com/vanished_tribes.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aboriginal+Indigeneous+Tribes+of+Brisbane+and+Moreton+Bay&rft.au=Archibald+Meston&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbanehistory.com%2Fvanished_tribes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTony_Moore2012" class="citation news cs1">Tony Moore (17 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/the-indigenous-history-of-musgrave-park-20120516-1ys2c.html">"The indigenous history of Musgrave Park"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Times">Brisbane Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730123640/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/the-indigenous-history-of-musgrave-park-20120516-1ys2c.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brisbane+Times&rft.atitle=The+indigenous+history+of+Musgrave+Park&rft.date=2012-05-17&rft.au=Tony+Moore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbanetimes.com.au%2Fqueensland%2Fthe-indigenous-history-of-musgrave-park-20120516-1ys2c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:2-49"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:2_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnonymous2019" class="citation web cs1">Anonymous (26 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/e23">"E23: Yuggera"</a>. collection.aiatsis.gov.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603213427/https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/E23">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=collection.aiatsis.gov.au&rft.atitle=E23%3A+Yuggera&rft.date=2019-07-26&rft.au=Anonymous&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollection.aiatsis.gov.au%2Faustlang%2Flanguage%2Fe23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:3-50"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:3_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnonymous2019" class="citation web cs1">Anonymous (26 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/e86">"E86: Turrbal"</a>. collection.aiatsis.gov.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413103405/https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/E86">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=collection.aiatsis.gov.au&rft.atitle=E86%3A+Turrbal&rft.date=2019-07-26&rft.au=Anonymous&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollection.aiatsis.gov.au%2Faustlang%2Flanguage%2Fe86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:4-51"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:4_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnonymous2019" class="citation web cs1">Anonymous (26 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/e21">"E21: Moondjan"</a>. collection.aiatsis.gov.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214222/https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/e21">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=collection.aiatsis.gov.au&rft.atitle=E21%3A+Moondjan&rft.date=2019-07-26&rft.au=Anonymous&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollection.aiatsis.gov.au%2Faustlang%2Flanguage%2Fe21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.turrbal.com.au/turrbal-dippil/welcome-to-country-ceremony">"Welcome to Country Ceremony"</a>. Turrbal Dippil. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107075231/https://www.turrbal.com.au/turrbal-dippil/welcome-to-country-ceremony">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Turrbal+Dippil&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+Country+Ceremony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turrbal.com.au%2Fturrbal-dippil%2Fwelcome-to-country-ceremony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRos_Kidd" class="citation web cs1">Ros Kidd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.linksdisk.com/roskidd/general/g2.htm">"Aboriginal History of the Princess Alexandra Hospital Site"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diamantina_Health_Care_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diamantina Health Care Museum">Diamantina Health Care Museum</a> Association Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802185416/http://www.linksdisk.com/roskidd/general/g2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aboriginal+History+of+the+Princess+Alexandra+Hospital+Site&rft.pub=Diamantina+Health+Care+Museum+Association+Inc.&rft.au=Ros+Kidd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linksdisk.com%2Froskidd%2Fgeneral%2Fg2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Ryan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mappingbrisbanehistory.com.au/brisbane-history-essays/brisbane-southside-history/first-australians-and-original-landscape/indigenous-sites/">"Indigenous Aboriginal Sites of Southside Brisbane | Mapping Brisbane History"</a>. mappingbrisbanehistory.com.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824020357/https://mappingbrisbanehistory.com.au/brisbane-history-essays/brisbane-southside-history/first-australians-and-original-landscape/indigenous-sites/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mappingbrisbanehistory.com.au&rft.atitle=Indigenous+Aboriginal+Sites+of+Southside+Brisbane+%7C+Mapping+Brisbane+History&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmappingbrisbanehistory.com.au%2Fbrisbane-history-essays%2Fbrisbane-southside-history%2Ffirst-australians-and-original-landscape%2Findigenous-sites%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerkhove2015" class="citation book cs1">Kerkhove, Ray (2015). Aboriginal Campsites of Greater Brisbane: An Historical Guide. Salibury: Boolarong Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aboriginal+Campsites+of+Greater+Brisbane%3A+An+Historical+Guide&rft.place=Salibury&rft.pub=Boolarong+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Kerkhove&rft.aufirst=Ray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/place/Moreton-Bay">"Moreton Bay"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905235109/https://www.britannica.com/place/Moreton-Bay">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moreton+Bay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FMoreton-Bay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2005/02/17/1108500203689.html">"Redcliffe"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. 8 February 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523185157/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2005/02/17/1108500203689.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Redcliffe&rft.date=2004-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Farticles%2F2005%2F02%2F17%2F1108500203689.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-seqhistory.com-58">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-seqhistory.com_58-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-seqhistory.com_58-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-seqhistory.com_58-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901175504/http://www.seqhistory.com/index.php/explorer-south-east-queensland/john-oxley/57-john-oxley-moreton-bay-1824?start%3D2">"John Oxley Governor Report"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.seqhistory.com/index.php/explorer-south-east-queensland/john-oxley/57-john-oxley-moreton-bay-1824?start%3D2">the original</a> on 1 September 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Oxley+Governor+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seqhistory.com%2Findex.php%2Fexplorer-south-east-queensland%2Fjohn-oxley%2F57-john-oxley-moreton-bay-1824%3Fstart%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotter" class="citation web cs1">Potter, Ron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523101131/http://www.dovenetq.net.au/~piula/Placenames/page55.html">"Place Names of South East Queensland"</a>. Piula Publications. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.dovenetq.net.au/~piula/Placenames/page55.html">the original</a> on 23 May 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Place+Names+of+South+East+Queensland&rft.pub=Piula+Publications&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dovenetq.net.au%2F~piula%2FPlacenames%2Fpage55.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrving1998" class="citation book cs1">Irving, Robert (1998). Reader's Digest Book of Historic Australian Towns. Reader's Digest (Australia). p. 70. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86449-271-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-86449-271-5"><bdi>0-86449-271-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reader%27s+Digest+Book+of+Historic+Australian+Towns&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Reader%27s+Digest+%28Australia%29&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-86449-271-5&rft.aulast=Irving&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.mostbrisbane.com/most_brisbane_015.htm">"Sir Thomas 28 miles up the Brisbane River"</a>. MOST Brisbane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701180333/http://www.mostbrisbane.com/most_brisbane_015.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sir+Thomas+28+miles+up+the+Brisbane+River&rft.pub=MOST+Brisbane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mostbrisbane.com%2Fmost_brisbane_015.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-seeing-62"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-seeing_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFcompiled_by_Royal_Automobile_Club_of_Queensland.1980" class="citation book cs1">compiled by Royal Automobile Club of Queensland. (1980). Seeing South-East Queensland (2 ed.). RACQ. p. 7. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-909518-07-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-909518-07-6"><bdi>0-909518-07-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seeing+South-East+Queensland&rft.pages=7&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=RACQ&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-909518-07-6&rft.au=compiled+by+Royal+Automobile+Club+of+Queensland.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-auto-63">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto_63-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto_63-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205050633/http://www.logan.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/7322/richinhistory-patricklogan.pdf">"Patrick Logan"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.logan.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/7322/richinhistory-patricklogan.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patrick+Logan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.logan.qld.gov.au%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0014%2F7322%2Frichinhistory-patricklogan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frontierbattle.wordpress.com/corn-fields-raids-1827-1828/">"Corn Fields Raids 1827–1828"</a>. Frontier Battle. 17 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001003207/https://frontierbattle.wordpress.com/corn-fields-raids-1827-1828/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frontier+Battle&rft.atitle=Corn+Fields+Raids+1827%E2%80%931828&rft.date=2017-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontierbattle.wordpress.com%2Fcorn-fields-raids-1827-1828%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2008" class="citation journal cs1">Evans, Raymond (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://journal.equinoxpub.com/QRE/issue/view/2032">"On the Utmost Verge: Race and Ethnic Relations at Moreton Bay, 1799–1842"</a>. Queensland Review. 15 (1): 14. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FS1321816600004542">10.1017/S1321816600004542</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1321-8166">1321-8166</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147375003">147375003</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324004410/https://journal.equinoxpub.com/QRE/issue/view/2032">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Queensland+Review&rft.atitle=On+the+Utmost+Verge%3A+Race+and+Ethnic+Relations+at+Moreton+Bay%2C+1799%E2%80%931842&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=14&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147375003%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1321-8166&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1321816600004542&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.equinoxpub.com%2FQRE%2Fissue%2Fview%2F2032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison2016" class="citation web cs1">Harrison, Jennifer (16 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://blogs.archives.qld.gov.au/2016/03/16/moreton-bay-convict-settlement/">"Moreton Bay convict settlement"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222072349/https://blogs.archives.qld.gov.au/2016/03/16/moreton-bay-convict-settlement/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moreton+Bay+convict+settlement&rft.date=2016-03-16&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.archives.qld.gov.au%2F2016%2F03%2F16%2Fmoreton-bay-convict-settlement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117202537/http://www.redcliffe.qld.gov.au/about_us.htm">"About Redcliffe"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Redcliffe_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Redcliffe City Council">Redcliffe City Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.redcliffe.qld.gov.au/about_us.htm">the original</a> on 17 November 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Redcliffe&rft.pub=Redcliffe+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.redcliffe.qld.gov.au%2Fabout_us.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLybaekKonrad_RaiserStefanie_Schardien2004" class="citation book cs1">Lybaek, Lena; Konrad Raiser; Stefanie Schardien (2004). Gemeinschaft der Kirchen und gesellschaftliche Verantwortung. Münster: LIT. p. 114. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-7061-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8258-7061-4"><bdi>978-3-8258-7061-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gemeinschaft+der+Kirchen+und+gesellschaftliche+Verantwortung&rft.place=M%C3%BCnster&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=LIT&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3-8258-7061-4&rft.aulast=Lybaek&rft.aufirst=Lena&rft.au=Konrad+Raiser&rft.au=Stefanie+Schardien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118093456/http://www.pelicanwaters.com/pelicanwaters-streetsigns.php">"Christopher Eipper (1813–1894)"</a>. Street Signs – And What They Mean. Pelican Waters Shire Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pelicanwaters.com/pelicanwaters-streetsigns.php">the original</a> on 18 November 2007. Retrieved 20 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Street+Signs+%E2%80%93+And+What+They+Mean&rft.atitle=Christopher+Eipper+%281813%E2%80%931894%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pelicanwaters.com%2Fpelicanwaters-streetsigns.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160227232632/http://mcnamarafamily.id.au/content/henry_vogler.html">"Frank Henry Vogler | German Immigrant | Johann Cesar 1863"</a>. mcnamarafamily.id.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://mcnamarafamily.id.au/content/henry_vogler.html">the original</a> on 27 February 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mcnamarafamily.id.au&rft.atitle=Frank+Henry+Vogler+%7C+German+Immigrant+%7C+Johann+Cesar+1863&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmcnamarafamily.id.au%2Fcontent%2Fhenry_vogler.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.germanaustralia.com/e/queensland.htm">"German Settlement in Queensland in the 19th Century"</a>. Germanaustralia.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215105608/http://www.germanaustralia.com/e/queensland.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Germanaustralia.com&rft.atitle=German+Settlement+in+Queensland+in+the+19th+Century&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.germanaustralia.com%2Fe%2Fqueensland.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-qpnl-72"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-qpnl_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQPN49857" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.dnrm.qld.gov.au/qld/environment/land/place-names/search%23/search%3DFortitude_Valley%26types%3D0%26place%3DFortitude_Valley49857">"Fortitude Valley – suburb in City of Brisbane (entry 49857)"</a>. Queensland Place Names. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Government">Queensland Government</a>. Retrieved 25 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Queensland+Place+Names&rft.atitle=Fortitude+Valley+%E2%80%93+suburb+in+City+of+Brisbane+%28entry+49857%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnrm.qld.gov.au%2Fqld%2Fenvironment%2Fland%2Fplace-names%2Fsearch%23%2Fsearch%3DFortitude_Valley%26types%3D0%26place%3DFortitude_Valley49857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Strzelecki1845" class="citation book cs1">de Strzelecki, Paul Edmond (1845). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/physicaldescrip00strzgoog">Physical Description of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land: Accompanied by a Geological Map, Sections, and Diagrams</a>. London, United Kingdom: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physical+Description+of+New+South+Wales+and+Van+Diemen%27s+Land%3A+Accompanied+by+a+Geological+Map%2C+Sections%2C+and+Diagrams&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Brown%2C+Green%2C+and+Longmans&rft.date=1845&rft.aulast=de+Strzelecki&rft.aufirst=Paul+Edmond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphysicaldescrip00strzgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.archives.qld.gov.au/Researchers/CommsDownloads/Documents/proclamation-brochure.pdf">"The Queensland Proclamation"</a> (PDF). Queensland Government Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629091036/http://www.archives.qld.gov.au/Researchers/CommsDownloads/Documents/proclamation-brochure.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Queensland+Proclamation&rft.pub=Queensland+Government+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.qld.gov.au%2FResearchers%2FCommsDownloads%2FDocuments%2Fproclamation-brochure.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2007" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Raymond (2007). A History of Queensland. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/7/story.cfm?c_id%3D7%26objectid%3D10467101">the original</a> on 8 November 2011. 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Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Journal. 6 (3). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doi_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.5130%252Fccs.v6i3.4218">10.5130/ccs.v6i3.4218</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cosmopolitan+Civil+Societies+Journal&rft.atitle=Tribal+alliances+with+broader+agendas+%E2%80%93+Terror+%28psychological+warfare%29&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5130%2Fccs.v6i3.4218&rft.au=Raymond+Constant+Kerkhove&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5130%252Fccs.v6i3.4218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3709940">"Local Intelligence"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Moreton_Bay_Courier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Moreton Bay Courier">The Moreton Bay Courier</a>. Vol. I, no. 35. Queensland, Australia. 13 February 1847. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531093930/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3709940">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2022. 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Vol. IV, no. 182. Queensland, Australia. 8 December 1849. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531093930/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3712868">Archived</a> from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 22 April 2019 – via National Library of Australia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moreton+Bay+Courier&rft.atitle=Domestic+Intelligence&rft.volume=IV&rft.issue=182&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1849-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article3712868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-jol-81"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-jol_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://blogs.slq.qld.gov.au/jol/2008/09/11/the-great-fire-of-brisbane-1864/">"The Great Fire of Brisbane, 1864"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_Library_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State Library of Queensland">State Library of Queensland</a>. 11 September 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329184508/http://blogs.slq.qld.gov.au/jol/2008/09/11/the-great-fire-of-brisbane-1864/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Great+Fire+of+Brisbane%2C+1864&rft.pub=State+Library+of+Queensland&rft.date=2008-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.slq.qld.gov.au%2Fjol%2F2008%2F09%2F11%2Fthe-great-fire-of-brisbane-1864%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/150th-anniversary-brisbanes-bread-or-blood-riot">"150th anniversary – Brisbane's Bread or Blood Riot"</a>. SLQ. 4 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102131105/https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/150th-anniversary-brisbanes-bread-or-blood-riot">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2021. 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Australian National Botanic Gardens. Council of Heads of Australian Botanic Gardens. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.chabg.gov.au/chabg/bg-dir/026.html">the original</a> on 18 February 2011. 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ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102035717/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-31/why-brisbane-not-grafton-is-the-jacaranda-capital/9103110">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2017. 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Retrieved 4 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABE+Journal&rft.atitle=Colony+and+Climate%3A+Positioning+Public+Architecture+in+Queensland+1859%E2%80%931909&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fabe.402&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fabe%2F402%3Flang%3Dfr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-anti-88"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-anti_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans" class="citation web cs1">Evans, Raymond. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/doc/evans_anti-chinese_riot.pdf">"Anti Chinese Riot: Lower Albert Street"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233420/http://www.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au/doc/evans_anti-chinese_riot.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 21 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anti+Chinese+Riot%3A+Lower+Albert+Street&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.multiculturalaustralia.edu.au%2Fdoc%2Fevans_anti-chinese_riot.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3619137">"Terrible disaster"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Brisbane_Courier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Brisbane Courier">The Brisbane Courier</a>. 14 February 1896. p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903033527/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3619137">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022 – via <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trove?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trove">Trove</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brisbane+Courier&rft.atitle=Terrible+disaster&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1896-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F3619137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-qhr-90"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-qhr_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQHR15133" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://environment.ehp.qld.gov.au/heritage-register/detail/?id%3D600358">"St Nicholas Russian Orthodox Cathedral (entry 600358)"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Heritage_Register?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Heritage Register">Queensland Heritage Register</a>. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 1 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Queensland+Heritage+Register&rft.atitle=St+Nicholas+Russian+Orthodox+Cathedral+%28entry+600358%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenvironment.ehp.qld.gov.au%2Fheritage-register%2Fdetail%2F%3Fid%3D600358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Coulthard165-91"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Coulthard165_91-0">^</a> Coulthard-Clark 1998, pg. 165.</li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"William Alfred Jolly (1881–1955)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A090501b.htm">Jolly, William Alfred (1881–1955)</a>. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526031452/http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A090501b.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2008. Retrieved 20 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=William+Alfred+Jolly+%281881%E2%80%931955%29&rft.btitle=Jolly%2C+William+Alfred+%281881%E2%80%931955%29&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adb.online.anu.edu.au%2Fbiogs%2FA090501b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012155556/http://anzacday.org.au/education/tff/memorials/queensland.html">"Brisbane"</a>. ANZAC Day Commemoration Committee (Qld) Incorporated. 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.anzacday.org.au/education/tff/memorials/queensland.html">the original</a> on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 28 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brisbane&rft.pub=ANZAC+Day+Commemoration+Committee+%28Qld%29+Incorporated&rft.date=1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anzacday.org.au%2Feducation%2Ftff%2Fmemorials%2Fqueensland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/46419048?searchTerm%3Dqueensland%2520parliament%2520rebellion%2520pineapple">"Raid on Parliament"</a>. Trove. 23 August 1939. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031031007/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/46419048?searchTerm%3Dqueensland%2520parliament%2520rebellion%2520pineapple">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trove&rft.atitle=Raid+on+Parliament&rft.date=1939-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F46419048%3FsearchTerm%3Dqueensland%2520parliament%2520rebellion%2520pineapple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Dunn2005" class="citation web cs1">Peter Dunn (2 March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://home.st.net.au/~dunn/ausarmy/hiringsno1lofc.htm">"Hirings Section"</a>. Australia @ War. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012165321/http://home.st.net.au/~dunn/ausarmy/hiringsno1lofc.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 7 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hirings+Section&rft.pub=Australia+%40+War&rft.date=2005-03-02&rft.au=Peter+Dunn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.st.net.au%2F~dunn%2Fausarmy%2Fhiringsno1lofc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20040221195229/http%253A//www%252Equartermaster%252Earmy%252Emil/oqmg/Professional_Bulletin/1999/spring1999/QM%252520Supply%252520in%252520the%252520Pacific%252520During%252520WWII%252Ehtm">"QM Supply in the Pacific during WWII"</a>. Quartermaster Professional Bulletin. Spring 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.quartermaster.army.mil/OQMG/professional_bulletin/1999/spring1999/QM%2520Supply%2520in%2520the%2520Pacific%2520During%2520WWII.htm">the original</a> on 21 February 2004. Retrieved 7 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Quartermaster+Professional+Bulletin&rft.atitle=QM+Supply+in+the+Pacific+during+WWII&rft.ssn=spring&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quartermaster.army.mil%2FOQMG%2Fprofessional_bulletin%2F1999%2Fspring1999%2FQM%2520Supply%2520in%2520the%2520Pacific%2520During%2520WWII.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDan_Nancarrow2012" class="citation web cs1">Dan Nancarrow (5 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/theatre/play-explores-brisbanes-boundaries-20120703-21fdv.html">"Theatre play explores Brisbane's boundaries"</a>. Sydney Morning Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821070704/https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/theatre/play-explores-brisbanes-boundaries-20120703-21fdv.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Theatre+play+explores+Brisbane%27s+boundaries&rft.pub=Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.date=2012-07-05&rft.au=Dan+Nancarrow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fentertainment%2Ftheatre%2Fplay-explores-brisbanes-boundaries-20120703-21fdv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE.J._Tait1942" class="citation web cs1">E.J. Tait (14 August 1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/192940438?searchTerm%3Dbrisbane%2520prohibition">"Unspeakable orgy in Brisbane"</a>. Trove. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220821070645/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/192940438?searchTerm%3Dbrisbane%2520prohibition">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unspeakable+orgy+in+Brisbane&rft.pub=Trove&rft.date=1942-08-14&rft.au=E.J.+Tait&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F192940438%3FsearchTerm%3Dbrisbane%2520prohibition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Dunn2005" class="citation web cs1">Peter Dunn (27 August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://home.st.net.au/~dunn/ozatwar/bob.htm">"The Battle of Brisbane – 26 & 27 November 1942"</a>. Australia @ War. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110092844/http://home.st.net.au/~dunn/ozatwar/bob.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2008. Retrieved 7 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Brisbane+%E2%80%93+26+%26+27+November+1942&rft.pub=Australia+%40+War&rft.date=2005-08-27&rft.au=Peter+Dunn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.st.net.au%2F~dunn%2Fozatwar%2Fbob.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-100">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://city-news.whereilive.com.au/lifestyle/story/brisbanes-last-in-but-best-dressed/">Brisbane's last in but best-dressed</a>, Brooke Falvey, City news, 11 July 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215034831/http://city-news.whereilive.com.au/lifestyle/story/brisbanes-last-in-but-best-dressed/">Archived</a> 15 December 2013 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwanwick2010" class="citation web cs1">Swanwick, Tristan (12 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.couriermail.com.au/ipad/filmmakers-to-honour-brisbane-bard/story-fn6ck51p-1225969834655">"Filmmakers on trail of Brisbane Bard"</a>. The Courier-Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208152826/http://www.couriermail.com.au/ipad/filmmakers-to-honour-brisbane-bard/story-fn6ck51p-1225969834655">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Courier-Mail&rft.atitle=Filmmakers+on+trail+of+Brisbane+Bard&rft.date=2010-12-12&rft.aulast=Swanwick&rft.aufirst=Tristan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.couriermail.com.au%2Fipad%2Ffilmmakers-to-honour-brisbane-bard%2Fstory-fn6ck51p-1225969834655&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-102">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/">"She picked me up at a dance one night"</a>, Joan and Bill Bentson, Queensland Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618183642/http://www.slq.qld.gov.au/whats-on/exhibit/online/travelling/bentson">Archived</a> 18 June 2009 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2019" class="citation web cs1">Robinson, Shirleene (3 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://theconversation.com/issues-that-swung-elections-the-dramatic-and-inglorious-fall-of-joh-bjelke-petersen-115141">"Issues that swung elections: the dramatic and inglorious fall of Joh Bjelke-Petersen"</a>. The Conversation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216155248/https://theconversation.com/issues-that-swung-elections-the-dramatic-and-inglorious-fall-of-joh-bjelke-petersen-115141">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Issues+that+swung+elections%3A+the+dramatic+and+inglorious+fall+of+Joh+Bjelke-Petersen&rft.date=2019-05-03&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Shirleene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fissues-that-swung-elections-the-dramatic-and-inglorious-fall-of-joh-bjelke-petersen-115141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-104">^</a> Bryce, Alex. "We Would Live in Peace and Tranquility and No One Would Know Anything", Australian Academic and Research Libraries 31.3 (2000): 65–81.</li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-105">^</a> Fitzgerald, Ross. "A History of Queensland, from 1915 to the 1980s", University of Queensland Press, 1985. Print.</li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-106">^</a> Keim, Stephen. "The State of (Civil Liberties in Queensland): New Broom – Same Dirt." Legal Service Bulletin 13.1(1988):10–11. Web.</li> <li id="cite_note-cliq-107"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cliq_107-0">^</a> Plunkett, Mark and Ralph Summy 'Civil Liberties in Queensland: A nonviolent political campaign.' "Social Alternatives" Vol 1 no. 6/7, 1980 p 73-90</li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-108">^</a> Bjelke-Petersen, in Patience The Bjelke-Petersen premiership 1968–1983 : issues in public policy. Longman Cheshire: Melbourne. 1985.</li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-109">^</a> Summy, Ralph. Bruce Dickson and Mark Plunkett. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3DDgyX_01P1do">Phantom Civil Liberties Marches – Queensland University 1978–79</a>" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005042601/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3DDgyX_01P1do">Archived</a> 5 October 2021 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlunkett2018" class="citation book cs1">Plunkett, Geoff (5 May 2018). The Whiskey Au Go Go massacre: murder, arson and the crime of the century. Newport, NSW: Blue Sky Publishing. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781925675443?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9781925675443"><bdi>9781925675443</bdi></a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1041112112">1041112112</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Whiskey+Au+Go+Go+massacre%3A+murder%2C+arson+and+the+crime+of+the+century&rft.place=Newport%2C+NSW&rft.pub=Blue+Sky+Publishing&rft.date=2018-05-05&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1041112112&rft.isbn=9781925675443&rft.aulast=Plunkett&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917163227/http://www.commonwealthgames.org.au/Templates/Games_PastGames_1982.htm">"ACGA Past Games 1982"</a>. Commonwealth Games Australia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.commonwealthgames.org.au/Templates/Games_PastGames_1982.htm">the original</a> on 17 September 2007. Retrieved 28 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ACGA+Past+Games+1982&rft.pub=Commonwealth+Games+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.commonwealthgames.org.au%2FTemplates%2FGames_PastGames_1982.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRebecca_Bell" class="citation web cs1">Rebecca Bell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/19990128080738/http://www.ozbird.com/oz/OzCulture/expo88/brisbane/default.htm">"Expo 88 / Brisbane"</a>. OZ Culture. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ozbird.com/oz/OzCulture/expo88/brisbane/default.htm">the original</a> on 28 January 1999. Retrieved 28 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Expo+88+%2F+Brisbane&rft.pub=OZ+Culture&rft.au=Rebecca+Bell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ozbird.com%2Foz%2FOzCulture%2Fexpo88%2Fbrisbane%2Fdefault.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/prdc/groups/corpwebcontent/documents/documents/urbanrenewal_20yearmagazine.pdf">"Brisbane City Council. Urban Renewal Brisbane – 20 Years Celebration Magazine. p 14"</a> (PDF). Brisbane.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 12 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brisbane.qld.gov.au&rft.atitle=Brisbane+City+Council.+Urban+Renewal+Brisbane+%E2%80%93+20+Years+Celebration+Magazine.+p+14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbane.qld.gov.au%2Fprdc%2Fgroups%2Fcorpwebcontent%2Fdocuments%2Fdocuments%2Furbanrenewal_20yearmagazine.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988">[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍]</li> <li id="cite_note-Berry-114"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Berry_114-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerry2011" class="citation news cs1">Berry, Petrina (13 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/breaking-news/brisbane-braces-for-flood-peak-as-queenslands-flood/story-fn7ik8u2-1225986784487">"Brisbane braces for flood peak as Queensland's flood crisis continues"</a>. The Courier-Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816145500/http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/breaking-news/brisbane-braces-for-flood-peak-as-queenslands-flood/story-fn7ik8u2-1225986784487">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Courier-Mail&rft.atitle=Brisbane+braces+for+flood+peak+as+Queensland%27s+flood+crisis+continues&rft.date=2011-01-13&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=Petrina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.couriermail.com.au%2Fnews%2Fbreaking-news%2Fbrisbane-braces-for-flood-peak-as-queenslands-flood%2Fstory-fn7ik8u2-1225986784487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.abc.net.au/news/infographics/qld-floods/beforeafter2.htm/">"Before and after photos of the floods in Brisbane"</a>. Abc.net.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712045536/http://www.abc.net.au/news/infographics/qld-floods/beforeafter2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Before+and+after+photos+of+the+floods+in+Brisbane&rft.pub=Abc.net.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Finfographics%2Fqld-floods%2Fbeforeafter2.htm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-World_Architecture_News-116"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-World_Architecture_News_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091017061217/http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/index.php?fuseaction%3Dwanappln.projectview%26upload_id%3D12507">"Cox Rayner + Arup complete worlds largest tensegrity bridge in Brisbane"</a>. World Architecture News. 13 October 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/index.php?fuseaction%3Dwanappln.projectview%26upload_id%3D12507">the original</a> on 17 October 2009. Retrieved 15 December 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cox+Rayner+%2B+Arup+complete+worlds+largest+tensegrity+bridge+in+Brisbane&rft.date=2009-10-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldarchitecturenews.com%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dwanappln.projectview%26upload_id%3D12507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-117">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto2_117-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto2_117-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/australian-bid-put-on-ioc-fast-track-to-host-2032-olympics-ioc-bid-thomas-bach-queensland-status-b1806921.html">"Australian bid put on IOC fast track to host 2032 Olympics"</a>. The Independent. 24 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419170647/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/australian-bid-put-on-ioc-fast-track-to-host-2032-olympics-ioc-bid-thomas-bach-queensland-status-b1806921.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Australian+bid+put+on+IOC+fast+track+to+host+2032+Olympics&rft.date=2021-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Faustralian-bid-put-on-ioc-fast-track-to-host-2032-olympics-ioc-bid-thomas-bach-queensland-status-b1806921.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-auto3-118">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto3_118-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto3_118-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.olympic.org/news/brisbane-and-aoc-invited-to-targeted-dialogue-for-the-olympic-games-2032">"Brisbane and AOC invited to targeted dialogue for the Olympic Games 2032 – Olympic News"</a>. International Olympic Committee. 25 February 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227145858/https://www.olympic.org/news/brisbane-and-aoc-invited-to-targeted-dialogue-for-the-olympic-games-2032">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Olympic+Committee&rft.atitle=Brisbane+and+AOC+invited+to+targeted+dialogue+for+the+Olympic+Games+2032+%E2%80%93+Olympic+News&rft.date=2021-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fnews%2Fbrisbane-and-aoc-invited-to-targeted-dialogue-for-the-olympic-games-2032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/10/12/3036241.htm?site%3DBrisbane">"Flood-proof road destroyed in deluge"</a>. ABC News. 12 October 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706084641/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/10/12/3036241.htm?site%3DBrisbane">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Flood-proof+road+destroyed+in+deluge&rft.date=2010-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2010%2F10%2F12%2F3036241.htm%3Fsite%3DBrisbane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/community-and-safety/community-safety/disasters-and-emergencies/be-prepared/flooding-in-brisbane/flood-strategy/brisbanes-floodsmart-future-strategy">"Brisbane's FloodSmart Future Strategy"</a>. 9 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028205358/https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/community-and-safety/community-safety/disasters-and-emergencies/be-prepared/flooding-in-brisbane/flood-strategy/brisbanes-floodsmart-future-strategy">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brisbane%27s+FloodSmart+Future+Strategy&rft.date=2019-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbane.qld.gov.au%2Fcommunity-and-safety%2Fcommunity-safety%2Fdisasters-and-emergencies%2Fbe-prepared%2Fflooding-in-brisbane%2Fflood-strategy%2Fbrisbanes-floodsmart-future-strategy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-thenandnow-121"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-thenandnow_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory2007" class="citation book cs1">Gregory, Helen (2007). Brisbane Then and Now. Wingfield, South Australia: Salamander Books. p. 60. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74173-011-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74173-011-1"><bdi>978-1-74173-011-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brisbane+Then+and+Now&rft.place=Wingfield%2C+South+Australia&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Salamander+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-74173-011-1&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-wdhs-122"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-wdhs_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://windsorhistorical.org.au/brisbane-tuff/">"Brisbane Tuff"</a>. Windsor and Districts Historical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222072347/https://windsorhistorical.org.au/brisbane-tuff/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brisbane+Tuff&rft.pub=Windsor+and+Districts+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwindsorhistorical.org.au%2Fbrisbane-tuff%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.visitbrisbane.com.au/information/articles/nature/hunt-jacarandas-with-lee?sc_lang%3Den-au">"Get out and explore Brisbane's top jacaranda trees hotspots"</a>. Visit Brisbane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727042403/https://www.visitbrisbane.com.au/information/articles/nature/hunt-jacarandas-with-lee?sc_lang%3Den-au">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Get+out+and+explore+Brisbane%27s+top+jacaranda+trees+hotspots&rft.pub=Visit+Brisbane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitbrisbane.com.au%2Finformation%2Farticles%2Fnature%2Fhunt-jacarandas-with-lee%3Fsc_lang%3Den-au&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-:1-124">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_124-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_124-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrisbane_City_Council" class="citation web cs1">Brisbane City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/about-council/council-information-and-rates/council-history/symbols-used-by-council">"Symbols used by Council"</a>. Brisbane City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326023556/https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/about-council/council-information-and-rates/council-history/symbols-used-by-council">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brisbane+City+Council&rft.atitle=Symbols+used+by+Council&rft.au=Brisbane+City+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbane.qld.gov.au%2Fabout-council%2Fcouncil-information-and-rates%2Fcouncil-history%2Fsymbols-used-by-council&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrisbane_City_Council" class="citation web cs1">Brisbane City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/about-council/council-information-and-rates/council-history/symbols-used-by-council">"Symbols used by Council"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326023556/https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/about-council/council-information-and-rates/council-history/symbols-used-by-council">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Symbols+used+by+Council&rft.au=Brisbane+City+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbane.qld.gov.au%2Fabout-council%2Fcouncil-information-and-rates%2Fcouncil-history%2Fsymbols-used-by-council&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrisbane_City_Council" class="citation web cs1">Brisbane City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/clean-and-green/natural-environment-and-water/biodiversity-in-brisbane/wildlife-in-brisbane/significant-species/koalas">"Koala facts"</a>. Brisbane City Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626091840/https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/clean-and-green/natural-environment-and-water/biodiversity-in-brisbane/wildlife-in-brisbane/significant-species/koalas">Archived</a> from the original on 26 June 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brisbane+City+Council&rft.atitle=Koala+facts&rft.au=Brisbane+City+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbane.qld.gov.au%2Fclean-and-green%2Fnatural-environment-and-water%2Fbiodiversity-in-brisbane%2Fwildlife-in-brisbane%2Fsignificant-species%2Fkoalas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://en.climate-data.org/location/6171/">"Climate: Brisbane – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table"</a>. Climate-Data.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215043242/http://en.climate-data.org/location/6171/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate%3A+Brisbane+%E2%80%93+Climate+graph%2C+Temperature+graph%2C+Climate+table&rft.pub=Climate-Data.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.climate-data.org%2Flocation%2F6171%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTapperTapper2006" class="citation book cs1">Tapper, Andrew; Tapper, Nigel (2006). "Sub-Synoptic-Scale Processes and Phenomena". In Gray, Kathleen (ed.). The weather and climate of Australia and New Zealand (Second ed.). Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press. p. 346. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-558466-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-558466-0"><bdi>978-0-19-558466-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sub-Synoptic-Scale+Processes+and+Phenomena&rft.btitle=The+weather+and+climate+of+Australia+and+New+Zealand&rft.place=Melbourne%2C+Australia&rft.pages=346&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-558466-0&rft.aulast=Tapper&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Tapper%2C+Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinacreGeerts,_Bart1997" class="citation book cs1">Linacre, Edward; Geerts, Bart (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DmkZa1KLHCAQC%26pg%3DPA379">"Southern Climates"</a>. Climates and Weather Explained. London: Routledge. p. 379. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-12519-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-12519-7"><bdi>0-415-12519-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117222848/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DmkZa1KLHCAQC%26pg%3DPA379">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Southern+Climates&rft.btitle=Climates+and+Weather+Explained&rft.place=London&rft.pages=379&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-415-12519-7&rft.aulast=Linacre&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Geerts%2C+Bart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmkZa1KLHCAQC%26pg%3DPA379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-130"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto1_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040913_All.shtml">"Climate statistics for Australian stations – Brisbane"</a>. Bureau of Meteorology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813072724/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040913_All.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+statistics+for+Australian+stations+%E2%80%93+Brisbane&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fclimate%2Faverages%2Ftables%2Fcw_040913_All.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-131">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ReferenceB_131-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ReferenceB_131-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ReferenceB_131-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040214_All.shtml">"Brisbane Regional Office"</a>. Climate statistics for Australian locations. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a>. Retrieved 15 January 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate+statistics+for+Australian+locations&rft.atitle=Brisbane+Regional+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fclimate%2Faverages%2Ftables%2Fcw_040214_All.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode%3D122%26p_display_type%3DdailyDataFile%26p_startYear%3D%26p_c%3D%26p_stn_num%3D040913">"Daily Maximum Temperature – 040913 – Bureau of Meteorology"</a>. Bom.gov.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824040723/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode%3D122%26p_display_type%3DdailyDataFile%26p_startYear%3D%26p_c%3D%26p_stn_num%3D040913">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bom.gov.au&rft.atitle=Daily+Maximum+Temperature+%E2%80%93+040913+%E2%80%93+Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fjsp%2Fncc%2Fcdio%2FweatherData%2Fav%3Fp_nccObsCode%3D122%26p_display_type%3DdailyDataFile%26p_startYear%3D%26p_c%3D%26p_stn_num%3D040913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_Sankey_and_Tony_Moore2007" class="citation news cs1">Daniel Sankey and Tony Moore (19 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/articles/2007/07/19/1184559902397.html">"Coldest day on record for Brisbane"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Times">Brisbane Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012140228/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/articles/2007/07/19/1184559902397.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brisbane+Times&rft.atitle=Coldest+day+on+record+for+Brisbane&rft.date=2007-07-19&rft.au=Daniel+Sankey+and+Tony+Moore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbanetimes.com.au%2Farticles%2F2007%2F07%2F19%2F1184559902397.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-134">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ReferenceA_134-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ReferenceA_134-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ReferenceA_134-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040913_All.shtml">"Brisbane"</a>. Climate statistics for Australian locations. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a>. Retrieved 16 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate+statistics+for+Australian+locations&rft.atitle=Brisbane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fclimate%2Faverages%2Ftables%2Fcw_040913_All.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040004_All.shtml">"Amberley AMO"</a>. Climate statistics for Australian locations. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a>. February 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate+statistics+for+Australian+locations&rft.atitle=Amberley+AMO&rft.date=2014-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fclimate%2Faverages%2Ftables%2Fcw_040004_All.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnknown2009" class="citation web cs1">Unknown (24 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/hot-august-day-as-records-fall-20090824-evxp.html">"Hot August day as Records Fall"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Times">Brisbane Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827141847/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/hot-august-day-as-records-fall-20090824-evxp.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 31 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brisbane+Times&rft.atitle=Hot+August+day+as+Records+Fall&rft.date=2009-08-24&rft.au=Unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbanetimes.com.au%2Fqueensland%2Fhot-august-day-as-records-fall-20090824-evxp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040223_All.shtml">"Brisbane Aero"</a>. Climate statistics for Australian locations. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a>. Retrieved 20 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Climate+statistics+for+Australian+locations&rft.atitle=Brisbane+Aero&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fclimate%2Faverages%2Ftables%2Fcw_040223_All.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ga.gov.au/webtemp/image_cache/GA4205.pdf">"Tropical Cyclone Risks"</a> (PDF). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geoscience_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geoscience Australia">Geoscience Australia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180713154744/http://www.ga.gov.au/webtemp/image_cache/GA4205.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geoscience+Australia&rft.atitle=Tropical+Cyclone+Risks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ga.gov.au%2Fwebtemp%2Fimage_cache%2FGA4205.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-weather2travel-139"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-weather2travel_139-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/australia/queensland/brisbane.php">"Brisbane Climate Guide"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005121104/http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/australia/queensland/brisbane.php">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 9 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brisbane+Climate+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather2travel.com%2Fclimate-guides%2Faustralia%2Fqueensland%2Fbrisbane.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau_of_Meteorology" class="citation web cs1">Bureau of Meteorology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040913_All.shtml">"Brisbane"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411040241/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040913_All.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brisbane&rft.au=Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fclimate%2Faverages%2Ftables%2Fcw_040913_All.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/north-v-south-brisbane-s-watery-divide-20181121-p50hdc.html">"North v South: Brisbane's Watery Divide"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Times">Brisbane Times</a>. 21 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727035855/https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/north-v-south-brisbane-s-watery-divide-20181121-p50hdc.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brisbane+Times&rft.atitle=North+v+South%3A+Brisbane%27s+Watery+Divide&rft.date=2018-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbanetimes.com.au%2Fnational%2Fqueensland%2Fnorth-v-south-brisbane-s-watery-divide-20181121-p50hdc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://apps.des.qld.gov.au/heritage-register/detail/?id%3D600067">"Brisbane Botanic Gardens | Environment, land and water"</a>. apps.des.qld.gov.au. 9 June 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apps.des.qld.gov.au&rft.atitle=Brisbane+Botanic+Gardens+%7C+Environment%2C+land+and+water&rft.date=2015-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.des.qld.gov.au%2Fheritage-register%2Fdetail%2F%3Fid%3D600067&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219042223/http://www.slq.qld.gov.au/oh/treasures/timewalks/bris/1870/windmill">"TimeWalks Brisbane – Windmill"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Government">Queensland Government</a>. 24 March 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/">the original</a> on 19 December 2007. Retrieved 10 April 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TimeWalks+Brisbane+%E2%80%93+Windmill&rft.pub=Queensland+Government&rft.date=2008-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slq.qld.gov.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStatham-Drew1990" class="citation book cs1">Statham-Drew, Pamela (1990). The Origin of Australia's Capital Cities. Cambridge University Press. p. 257. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-40832-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-40832-5"><bdi>978-0-521-40832-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+Australia%27s+Capital+Cities&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-521-40832-5&rft.aulast=Statham-Drew&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPike2002" class="citation book cs1">Pike, Jeffrey (2002). Australia. Insight. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-234-799-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-234-799-2"><bdi>978-981-234-799-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australia&rft.pub=Insight&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-981-234-799-2&rft.aulast=Pike&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523150756/http://www.queenslandhistory.org.au/comm.html">"The Commissariat Stores"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.queenslandhistory.org.au/comm.html">the original</a> on 23 May 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Commissariat+Stores&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.queenslandhistory.org.au%2Fcomm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-147">^</a> The Architectural Provenance of the Margaret Street Synagogue, Brisbane,</li> <li id="cite_note-LinOsb-148"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LinOsb_148-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborne" class="citation web cs1">Osborne, Lindy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/features/comment/sublime-design-the-queenslander">"Sublime design: the Queenslander"</a>. Architecture & Design. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224113502/http://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/features/comment/sublime-design-the-queenslander">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2018. Retrieved 24 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Architecture+%26+Design&rft.atitle=Sublime+design%3A+the+Queenslander&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=Lindy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.architectureanddesign.com.au%2Ffeatures%2Fcomment%2Fsublime-design-the-queenslander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCTBUH" class="citation web cs1">CTBUH. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://buildingdb.ctbuh.org/?do%3Dcreate%253E">"CTBUH Tall Building Database – The Skyscraper Center"</a>. Skyscrapercenter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222072343/https://www.ctbuh.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Skyscrapercenter&rft.atitle=CTBUH+Tall+Building+Database+%E2%80%93+The+Skyscraper+Center&rft.au=CTBUH&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbuildingdb.ctbuh.org%2F%3Fdo%3Dcreate%253E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/49f609c83cf34d69ca2569de0025c182!OpenDocument">"Feature Article – Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a>. January 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420205113/http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs%2540.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/49f609c83cf34d69ca2569de0025c182%2521OpenDocument">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Feature+Article+%E2%80%93+Ethnic+and+Cultural+Diversity+in+Australia&rft.pub=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=1995-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2FAusstats%2Fabs%40.nsf%2F94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2%2F49f609c83cf34d69ca2569de0025c182%21OpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-154">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto4_154-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto4_154-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto4_154-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-auto4_154-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/3GBRI">"2021 Greater Brisbane, Census All persons QuickStats | Australian Bureau of Statistics"</a>. Abs.gov.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629062746/https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/3GBRI">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Abs.gov.au&rft.atitle=2021+Greater+Brisbane%2C+Census+All+persons+QuickStats+%26%23124%3B+Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus%2Ffind-census-data%2Fquickstats%2F2021%2F3GBRI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC32718?opendocument">"2016 Census QuickStats: Sunnybank"</a>. Censusdata.abs.gov.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714081423/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC32718?opendocument">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Census+QuickStats%3A+Sunnybank&rft.pub=Censusdata.abs.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fquickstat%2FSSC32718%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC32719?opendocument">"2016 Census QuickStats: Sunnybank Hills"</a>. Censusdata.abs.gov.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714081440/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC32719?opendocument">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Census+QuickStats%3A+Sunnybank+Hills&rft.pub=Censusdata.abs.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fquickstat%2FSSC32719%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC32705?opendocument">"2016 Census QuickStats: Stretton"</a>. Censusdata.abs.gov.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714081446/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC32705?opendocument">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Census+QuickStats%3A+Stretton&rft.pub=Censusdata.abs.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fquickstat%2FSSC32705%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC32467?opendocument">"2016 Census QuickStats: Robertson (Qld)"</a>. Censusdata.abs.gov.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714081600/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC32467?opendocument">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Census+QuickStats%3A+Robertson+%28Qld%29&rft.pub=Censusdata.abs.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fquickstat%2FSSC32467%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC30483?opendocument">"2016 Census QuickStats: Calamvale"</a>. Censusdata.abs.gov.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714081609/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC30483?opendocument">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Census+QuickStats%3A+Calamvale&rft.pub=Censusdata.abs.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fquickstat%2FSSC30483%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC31736?opendocument">"2016 Census QuickStats: Macgregor (Qld)"</a>. Censusdata.abs.gov.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714081615/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC31736?opendocument">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Census+QuickStats%3A+Macgregor+%28Qld%29&rft.pub=Censusdata.abs.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fquickstat%2FSSC31736%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC30959?opendocument">"2016 Census QuickStats: Eight Mile Plains"</a>. Censusdata.abs.gov.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714081625/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC30959?opendocument">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Census+QuickStats%3A+Eight+Mile+Plains&rft.pub=Censusdata.abs.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fquickstat%2FSSC30959%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC32514?opendocument">"2016 Census QuickStats: Runcorn"</a>. Censusdata.abs.gov.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714081637/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC32514?opendocument">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Census+QuickStats%3A+Runcorn&rft.pub=Censusdata.abs.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fquickstat%2FSSC32514%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC32470?opendocument">"2016 Census QuickStats: Rochedale"</a>. Censusdata.abs.gov.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714081655/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC32470?opendocument">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Census+QuickStats%3A+Rochedale&rft.pub=Censusdata.abs.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fquickstat%2FSSC32470%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC31403?opendocument">"2016 Census QuickStats: Inala"</a>. Censusdata.abs.gov.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714081724/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC31403?opendocument">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Census+QuickStats%3A+Inala&rft.pub=Censusdata.abs.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fquickstat%2FSSC31403%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustralian_Bureau_of_Statistics2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a> (27 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2016/SSC30818">"Darra (SSC)"</a>. 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 1 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2016+Census+QuickStats&rft.atitle=Darra+%28SSC%29&rft.date=2017-06-27&rft.au=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus%2Ffind-census-data%2Fquickstats%2F2016%2FSSC30818&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34932%23P4093" title="Edit this at Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" data-alt="Edit this at Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC30913?opendocument">"2016 Census QuickStats: Durack (Qld)"</a>. Censusdata.abs.gov.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714081907/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC30913?opendocument">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 19 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Census+QuickStats%3A+Durack+%28Qld%29&rft.pub=Censusdata.abs.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fquickstat%2FSSC30913%3Fopendocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC33107">"2016 Census QuickStats: Willawong"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518062529/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC33107">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Census+QuickStats%3A+Willawong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fquickstat%2FSSC33107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC32447">"2016 Census QuickStats: Richlands (QLD)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518062539/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC32447">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Census+QuickStats%3A+Richlands+%28QLD%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fquickstat%2FSSC32447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC30869">"2016 Census QuickStats: Doolandella"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518064042/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC30869">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Census+QuickStats%3A+Doolandella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fquickstat%2FSSC30869&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC30597">"2016 Census QuickStats: Chermside"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729113058/http://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC30597">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016+Census+QuickStats%3A+Chermside&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2016%2Fquickstat%2FSSC30597&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Archived_copy-172"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Archived_copy_172-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub2016.NSF/All%2520docs%2520by%2520catNo/2016~Community%2520Profile~3GBRI/%2524File/GCP_3GBRI.zip?OpenElement">"GCP_3GBRI.zip"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714081035/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub2016.NSF/All%2520docs%2520by%2520catNo/2016~Community%2520Profile~3GBRI/%2524File/GCP_3GBRI.zip?OpenElement">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GCP_3GBRI.zip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2FCensusOutput%2Fcopsub2016.NSF%2FAll%2520docs%2520by%2520catNo%2F2016~Community%2520Profile~3GBRI%2F%24File%2FGCP_3GBRI.zip%3FOpenElement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.etravelblackboard.com/index.asp?id%3D73027%26nav%3D13">"Brisbane business visitor numbers skyrocket"</a>. Brisbane Marketing Convention Bureau. e-Travel Blackboard. 3 January 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120134851/http://www.etravelblackboard.com/index.asp?id%3D73027%26nav%3D13">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2011. 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Retrieved 19 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brisbane+Top+Companies&rft.pub=Business+News+Australia&rft.date=2019-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessnewsaus.com.au%2Farticles%2Fbrisbane-top-companies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Port_Technology-175">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Port_Technology_175-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Port_Technology_175-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123214155/http://www.port-technology.com/projects/brisbane/index.html">"Brisbane Container Terminal, Australia"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brisbane+Container+Terminal%2C+Australia&rft.pub=Port+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.port-technology.com%2Fprojects%2Fbrisbane%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-TradeCoast-176"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-TradeCoast_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080108210134/http://www.australiatradecoast.com.au/AboutAustraliaTradeCoast/index.aspx">"About Us"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australia_TradeCoast?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australia TradeCoast">Australia TradeCoast</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.australiatradecoast.com.au/AboutAustraliaTradeCoast/index.aspx">the original</a> on 8 January 2008. Retrieved 13 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Us&rft.pub=Australia+TradeCoast&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.australiatradecoast.com.au%2FAboutAustraliaTradeCoast%2Findex.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Tourism,_Regional_Development_and_Industry2007" class="citation web cs1">Department of Tourism, Regional Development and Industry (14 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509135019/http://www.brisbanemarketing.com.au/news-and-events/news-Article.aspx?id%3D171">"Brisbane's business visitors drive $412 million domestic tourism increase"</a>. Brisbane Marketing. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.brisbanemarketing.com.au/%255Cnews-and-events%255Cnews-article.aspx?id%3D171">the original</a> on 9 May 2008. 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Choosebrisbane.com.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224091916/https://www.choosebrisbane.com.au/study/news-and-events/news/brisbane-doubles-international-student-enrolments-in-a-decade?sc_lang%3Den-au">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Choosebrisbane.com.au&rft.atitle=Brisbane+doubles+international+student+enrolments+in+a+decade&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.choosebrisbane.com.au%2Fstudy%2Fnews-and-events%2Fnews%2Fbrisbane-doubles-international-student-enrolments-in-a-decade%3Fsc_lang%3Den-au&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.qagoma.qld.gov.au/cinema/">"Australian Cinémathèque"</a>. Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art. Retrieved 15 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Queensland+Art+Gallery+%7C+Gallery+of+Modern+Art&rft.atitle=Australian+Cin%C3%A9math%C3%A8que&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.qagoma.qld.gov.au%2Fcinema%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.abc.net.au/triplej/musicnews/s1838651.htm">"Billboard Loves Brisbane"</a>. Music News. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Triple_J?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Triple J">Triple J</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012165031/http://abc.net.au/triplej/musicnews/s1838651.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 15 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Music+News&rft.atitle=Billboard+Loves+Brisbane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Ftriplej%2Fmusicnews%2Fs1838651.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.reuters.com/article/musicNews/idUSN0126189720070102?pageNumber%3D2%26virtualBrandChannel%3D0%26sp%3Dtrue">"Beijing, Berlin among music hot spots in 2007"</a>. Music News. Reuters. 1 January 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521042906/http://www.reuters.com/article/musicNews/idUSN0126189720070102?pageNumber%3D2%26virtualBrandChannel%3D0%26sp%3Dtrue">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2008. Retrieved 29 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Music+News&rft.atitle=Beijing%2C+Berlin+among+music+hot+spots+in+2007&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FmusicNews%2FidUSN0126189720070102%3FpageNumber%3D2%26virtualBrandChannel%3D0%26sp%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.zomato.com/brisbane/restaurants">"Brisbane restaurants"</a>. Zomato. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912072734/https://www.zomato.com/brisbane/restaurants">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brisbane+restaurants&rft.pub=Zomato&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zomato.com%2Fbrisbane%2Frestaurants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.zomato.com/brisbane/restaurants/japanese">"Japanese restaurants in Brisbane"</a>. Zomato. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222072355/https://www.zomato.com/brisbane/restaurants/japanese">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japanese+restaurants+in+Brisbane&rft.pub=Zomato&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zomato.com%2Fbrisbane%2Frestaurants%2Fjapanese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.zomato.com/brisbane/restaurants/chinese">"Chinese restaurants in Brisbane"</a>. Zomato. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222072712/https://www.zomato.com/brisbane/restaurants/chinese">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chinese+restaurants+in+Brisbane&rft.pub=Zomato&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zomato.com%2Fbrisbane%2Frestaurants%2Fchinese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.zomato.com/brisbane/restaurants/modern-australian">"Modern Australian restaurants in Brisbane"</a>. Zomato. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202080603/https://www.zomato.com/brisbane/restaurants/modern-australian">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Modern+Australian+restaurants+in+Brisbane&rft.pub=Zomato&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zomato.com%2Fbrisbane%2Frestaurants%2Fmodern-australian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.zomato.com/brisbane/restaurants/italian">"Italian restaurants in Brisbane"</a>. Zomato. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001014527/https://www.zomato.com/brisbane/restaurants/italian">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italian+restaurants+in+Brisbane&rft.pub=Zomato&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zomato.com%2Fbrisbane%2Frestaurants%2Fitalian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.zomato.com/brisbane/restaurants/american">"American restaurants in Brisbane"</a>. Zomato. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222072428/https://www.zomato.com/brisbane/restaurants/american">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+restaurants+in+Brisbane&rft.pub=Zomato&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zomato.com%2Fbrisbane%2Frestaurants%2Famerican&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.zomato.com/brisbane/restaurants/indian">"Indian restaurants in Brisbane"</a>. Zomato. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222072357/https://www.zomato.com/brisbane/restaurants/indian">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+restaurants+in+Brisbane&rft.pub=Zomato&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zomato.com%2Fbrisbane%2Frestaurants%2Findian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.zomato.com/brisbane/restaurants/vietnamese">"Vietnamese restaurants in Brisbane"</a>. Zomato. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222072359/https://www.zomato.com/brisbane/restaurants/vietnamese">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vietnamese+restaurants+in+Brisbane&rft.pub=Zomato&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zomato.com%2Fbrisbane%2Frestaurants%2Fvietnamese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://brisbaneportraitprize.org/finalists-exhibition-slq/?cid%3D">"Brisbane Portrait Prize"</a>. Finalists Exhibition. A new home at State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 4 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Finalists+Exhibition.+A+new+home+at+State+Library+of+Queensland.&rft.atitle=Brisbane+Portrait+Prize&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrisbaneportraitprize.org%2Ffinalists-exhibition-slq%2F%3Fcid%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQueensland_Portrait_Prize." class="citation web cs1">Queensland Portrait Prize. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://brisbaneportraitprize.org/">"Brisbane Portrait Prize"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022121147/https://brisbaneportraitprize.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brisbane+Portrait+Prize&rft.au=Queensland+Portrait+Prize.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrisbaneportraitprize.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017042029/http://2015.buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au/festival">"2015 Buddha Birth Day Festival"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://2015.buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au/festival">the original</a> on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2015+Buddha+Birth+Day+Festival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F2015.buddhabirthdayfestival.com.au%2Ffestival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312213047/https://www.visitbrisbane.com.au/south-bank/whats-on/family-friendly/buddha-birth-day-festival?sc_lang%3Den-au">"Buddha Birth Day Festival"</a>. Visit Brisbane. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.visitbrisbane.com.au/south-bank/whats-on/family-friendly/buddha-birth-day-festival?sc_lang%3Den-au">the original</a> on 12 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visit+Brisbane&rft.atitle=Buddha+Birth+Day+Festival&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitbrisbane.com.au%2Fsouth-bank%2Fwhats-on%2Ffamily-friendly%2Fbuddha-birth-day-festival%3Fsc_lang%3Den-au&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/31604358/brisbane-set-named-host-2032-olympics-next-month">"Brisbane set to be named 2032 Olympics host"</a>. ESPN.com. 10 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610232224/https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/31604358/brisbane-set-named-host-2032-olympics-next-month">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=Brisbane+set+to+be+named+2032+Olympics+host&rft.date=2021-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Folympics%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F31604358%2Fbrisbane-set-named-host-2032-olympics-next-month&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080307161815/http://www.tourismaustralia.com/content/Research/Factsheets/TopTen_Regions_Dec2006.pdf">"International Market Tourism Facts"</a> (PDF). Tourism Australia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tourismaustralia.com/content/Research/Factsheets/TopTen_Regions_Dec2006.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Market+Tourism+Facts&rft.pub=Tourism+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourismaustralia.com%2Fcontent%2FResearch%2FFactsheets%2FTopTen_Regions_Dec2006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/brisbane-voted-one-of-most-beautiful-cities-by-rough-guides-20150217-13hiqh.html">"Brisbane voted one of most beautiful cities"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane Times">Brisbane Times</a>. 17 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218164907/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/brisbane-voted-one-of-most-beautiful-cities-by-rough-guides-20150217-13hiqh.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brisbane+Times&rft.atitle=Brisbane+voted+one+of+most+beautiful+cities&rft.date=2015-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbanetimes.com.au%2Fqueensland%2Fbrisbane-voted-one-of-most-beautiful-cities-by-rough-guides-20150217-13hiqh.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020">"World University Rankings 2020"</a>. Top Universities. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814221008/https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Top+Universities&rft.atitle=World+University+Rankings+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.topuniversities.com%2Funiversity-rankings%2Fworld-university-rankings%2F2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/rankings">"2021 Best Global Universities Rankings"</a>. usnews.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028092904/http://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/rankings">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=usnews.com&rft.atitle=2021+Best+Global+Universities+Rankings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Feducation%2Fbest-global-universities%2Frankings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStudies_(CWTS)" class="citation web cs1">Studies (CWTS), Centre for Science and Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.leidenranking.com/">"CWTS Leiden Ranking"</a>. CWTS Leiden Ranking. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202100254/http://www.leidenranking.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CWTS+Leiden+Ranking&rft.atitle=CWTS+Leiden+Ranking&rft.aulast=Studies+%28CWTS%29&rft.aufirst=Centre+for+Science+and+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leidenranking.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://internationaleducation.gov.au/_layouts/download.aspx?SourceUrl%3D%252Fresearch%252FInternational-Student-Data%252FDocuments%252FINTERNATIONAL%2520STUDENT%2520DATA%252F2019%252FPivot_Basic_Latest.xlsm">"AEI Pivot"</a>. International Education. 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919020834/https://internationaleducation.gov.au/_layouts/download.aspx?SourceUrl%3D%252Fresearch%252FInternational-Student-Data%252FDocuments%252FINTERNATIONAL%2520STUDENT%2520DATA%252F2019%252FPivot_Basic_Latest.xlsm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Education&rft.atitle=AEI+Pivot&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finternationaleducation.gov.au%2F_layouts%2Fdownload.aspx%3FSourceUrl%3D%252Fresearch%252FInternational-Student-Data%252FDocuments%252FINTERNATIONAL%2520STUDENT%2520DATA%252F2019%252FPivot_Basic_Latest.xlsm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Beattie2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Beattie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Beattie">Peter Beattie</a> (4 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,23739,22867846-27197,00.html">"Brain power drives Smart State"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Courier-Mail?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Courier-Mail">The Courier-Mail</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20120702220724/http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/opinion/brain-power-drives-smart-state/story-e6frerdf-1111115028459">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Courier-Mail&rft.atitle=Brain+power+drives+Smart+State&rft.date=2007-12-04&rft.au=Peter+Beattie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fcouriermail%2Fstory%2F0%2C23739%2C22867846-27197%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829074836/http://www.tafe.qld.gov.au/dds/search/browseLocations.do?call_centre_mode%3Dfalse%26externalCallMode%3Dfalse%26breadCrumbsBase%3D%253Ca%2Bhref%253D%2522%252F%2522%2Btitle%253D%2522Home%2522%253EHome%253C%252Fa%253E%26ins_spec%3Dfalse">"TAFE Queensland"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Government">Queensland Government</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tafe.qld.gov.au/dds/search/browseLocations.do?call_centre_mode%3Dfalse%26externalCallMode%3Dfalse%26breadCrumbsBase%3D%253Ca%2Bhref%253D%2522%252F%2522%2Btitle%253D%2522Home%2522%253EHome%253C%252Fa%253E%26ins_spec%3Dfalse">the original</a> on 29 August 2007. Retrieved 2 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TAFE+Queensland&rft.pub=Queensland+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tafe.qld.gov.au%2Fdds%2Fsearch%2FbrowseLocations.do%3Fcall_centre_mode%3Dfalse%26externalCallMode%3Dfalse%26breadCrumbsBase%3D%253Ca%2Bhref%253D%2522%252F%2522%2Btitle%253D%2522Home%2522%253EHome%253C%252Fa%253E%26ins_spec%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117200737/http://education.qld.gov.au/eq/">"Education Queensland"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Government?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Government">Queensland Government</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://education.qld.gov.au/eq/">the original</a> on 17 November 2007. Retrieved 2 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Education+Queensland&rft.pub=Queensland+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feducation.qld.gov.au%2Feq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/d81efef6e2252cf4ca256f7200833049!OpenDocument">"Year Book Australia, 2005"</a>. ABS. 21 January 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214105015/http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/d81efef6e2252cf4ca256f7200833049!OpenDocument">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Year+Book+Australia%2C+2005&rft.pub=ABS&rft.date=2005-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2FAusstats%2Fabs%40.nsf%2F94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2%2Fd81efef6e2252cf4ca256f7200833049%21OpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706104158/http://www.gatewayupgradeproject.com.au/asp/index.asp?sid%3D5%26page%3DupgradeIntro">"The upgrade"</a>. Gateway Upgrade Project. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gatewayupgradeproject.com.au/asp/index.asp?sid%3D5%26page%3DupgradeIntro">the original</a> on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+upgrade&rft.pub=Gateway+Upgrade+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatewayupgradeproject.com.au%2Fasp%2Findex.asp%3Fsid%3D5%26page%3DupgradeIntro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.queenslandrail.com.au/about%2520us/Documents/Queensland%2520Rail%2520Annual%2520and%2520Financial%2520Report%25202018-19.pdf">"Queensland Rail Annual and Financial Report 2018-19"</a> (PDF). Queensland Rail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330221508/https://www.queenslandrail.com.au/about%2520us/Documents/Queensland%2520Rail%2520Annual%2520and%2520Financial%2520Report%25202018-19.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 30 March 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Queensland+Rail+Annual+and+Financial+Report+2018-19&rft.pub=Queensland+Rail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.queenslandrail.com.au%2Fabout%2520us%2FDocuments%2FQueensland%2520Rail%2520Annual%2520and%2520Financial%2520Report%25202018-19.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115070653/http://www.corporate.qr.com.au/history/beginnings/beginnings.asp">"QR Corporate – QR History – Beginnings"</a>. corporate.qr.com.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.corporate.qr.com.au/history/beginnings/beginnings.asp">the original</a> on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QR+Corporate+%E2%80%93+QR+History+%E2%80%93+Beginnings&rft.pub=corporate.qr.com.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corporate.qr.com.au%2Fhistory%2Fbeginnings%2Fbeginnings.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-todo-208"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-todo_208-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/queensland-government/cross-river-rail-to-dominate-queensland-election/news-story/450b75bf750eb5d5dae361b763d2c4a4">"Cross River Rail to dominate Queensland election"</a>. The Courier Mail. News Corp. 17 June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222072401/https://www.couriermail.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode%3DCMWEB_WRE170_a%26dest%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.couriermail.com.au%252Fnews%252Fqueensland%252Fqueensland-government%252Fcross-river-rail-to-dominate-queensland-election%252Fnews-story%252F450b75bf750eb5d5dae361b763d2c4a4%26memtype%3Danonymous%26mode%3Dpremium%26nk%3De057a0ed9b14c881542035a7357043d4-1608621839">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Courier+Mail&rft.atitle=Cross+River+Rail+to+dominate+Queensland+election&rft.date=2017-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.couriermail.com.au%2Fnews%2Fqueensland%2Fqueensland-government%2Fcross-river-rail-to-dominate-queensland-election%2Fnews-story%2F450b75bf750eb5d5dae361b763d2c4a4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/citycats-sale-floated/news-story/3017fb794116a90d1310f6c67b40ea31?sv%3Dd593979802ce90d51e7120c1fa5ba168">"Brisbane city council to sell iconic CityCats"</a>. The Courier Mail. News Corp. 20 April 2009. Retrieved 25 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Courier+Mail&rft.atitle=Brisbane+city+council+to+sell+iconic+CityCats&rft.date=2009-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.couriermail.com.au%2Fnews%2Fqueensland%2Fcitycats-sale-floated%2Fnews-story%2F3017fb794116a90d1310f6c67b40ea31%3Fsv%3Dd593979802ce90d51e7120c1fa5ba168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988">[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍]</li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://parks.desi.qld.gov.au/parks/gheebulum-kunungai-moreton-island/about%23tourism_information_links">"Gheebulum Kunungai (Moreton Island) National Park and Moreton Island Recreation Area"</a>. Queensland Government - Parks & Forests.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Queensland+Government+-+Parks+%26+Forests&rft.atitle=Gheebulum+Kunungai+%28Moreton+Island%29+National+Park+and+Moreton+Island+Recreation+Area&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparks.desi.qld.gov.au%2Fparks%2Fgheebulum-kunungai-moreton-island%2Fabout%23tourism_information_links&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522142648/http://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/BCC%253ASTANDARD%253A%253Apc%253DPC_1217">"About RiverWalk"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane_City_Council?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brisbane City Council">Brisbane City Council</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/BCC:STANDARD::pc%3DPC_1217">the original</a> on 22 May 2008. Retrieved 5 January 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+RiverWalk&rft.pub=Brisbane+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbane.qld.gov.au%2FBCC%3ASTANDARD%3A%3Apc%3DPC_1217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-AirportTraffic-212"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AirportTraffic_212-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://bitre.gov.au/publications/ongoing/airport_traffic_data.aspx">Airport traffic data</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828120441/https://bitre.gov.au/publications/ongoing/airport_traffic_data.aspx">Archived</a> 28 August 2017 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Bureau of Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics, 2017</li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.portbris.com.au/cruise/">"Brisbane International Cruise Terminal"</a>. Port of Brisbane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104224710/https://www.portbris.com.au/cruise/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Port+of+Brisbane&rft.atitle=Brisbane+International+Cruise+Terminal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.portbris.com.au%2Fcruise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.health.qld.gov.au/maps">"Hospital and Health Service maps"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queensland_Health?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queensland Health">Queensland Health</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109080716/https://www.health.qld.gov.au/maps">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 8 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Queensland+Health&rft.atitle=Hospital+and+Health+Service+maps&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.health.qld.gov.au%2Fmaps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://rbwhfoundation.com.au/2020/05/06/urgent-funding-release-for-covid-19-grants/">"Urgent funding release for COVID-19 Grants"</a>. 5 May 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711093635/https://rbwhfoundation.com.au/2020/05/06/urgent-funding-release-for-covid-19-grants/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Urgent+funding+release+for+COVID-19+Grants&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frbwhfoundation.com.au%2F2020%2F05%2F06%2Furgent-funding-release-for-covid-19-grants%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQueensland_Government2020" class="citation web cs1">Queensland Government (10 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/mining-energy-water/energy/electricity/queensland">"Electricity in Queensland"</a>. Business Queensland. Queensland Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627060130/https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/mining-energy-water/energy/electricity/queensland">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Queensland&rft.atitle=Electricity+in+Queensland&rft.date=2020-09-10&rft.au=Queensland+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business.qld.gov.au%2Findustries%2Fmining-energy-water%2Fenergy%2Felectricity%2Fqueensland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQueensland_Government2018" class="citation web cs1">Queensland Government (9 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/mining-energy-water/energy/gas/overview/retail-competition">"Gas retail and competition"</a>. Business Queensland. Queensland Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627060131/https://www.business.qld.gov.au/industries/mining-energy-water/energy/gas/overview/retail-competition">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Queensland&rft.atitle=Gas+retail+and+competition&rft.date=2018-05-09&rft.au=Queensland+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business.qld.gov.au%2Findustries%2Fmining-energy-water%2Fenergy%2Fgas%2Foverview%2Fretail-competition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.radioheritage.net/AusG-Full.asp?band%3DAM%26ste%3DQLD">"The Australian Radio Guide – AM (Mediumwave) Stations – Queensland"</a>. Radioheritage.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130071820/http://www.radioheritage.net/AusG-Full.asp?band%3DAM%26ste%3DQLD">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radioheritage.net&rft.atitle=The+Australian+Radio+Guide+%E2%80%93+AM+%28Mediumwave%29+Stations+%E2%80%93+Queensland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radioheritage.net%2FAusG-Full.asp%3Fband%3DAM%26ste%3DQLD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brisbane?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/about-council/governance-and-strategy/business-in-brisbane/growing-brisbanes-economy/international-business/brisbane-sister-cities">"Brisbane Sister Cities – Brisbane City Council"</a>. Retrieved 7 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brisbane+Sister+Cities+%E2%80%93+Brisbane+City+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brisbane.qld.gov.au%2Fabout-council%2Fgovernance-and-strategy%2Fbusiness-in-brisbane%2Fgrowing-brisbanes-economy%2Finternational-business%2Fbrisbane-sister-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrisbane" class="Z3988"></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=edit&section=46&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/">City of Brisbane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.visitbrisbane.com.au/">Official tourism website of Brisbane</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.australia.com/en-us/places/brisbane.html">Official Tourism Board Brisbane Page – Tourism Australia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nfsa.gov.au/blog/2013/05/02/southern-queensland-time-capsule/">Historical footage of Brisbane and Southern Queensland</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105003005/http://www.nfsa.gov.au/blog/2013/05/02/southern-queensland-time-capsule/">Archived</a> 5 January 2016 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/61SLQ_INST/tqqf2h/alma99184014785302061">Peter Fischmann photographs of Brisbane and South-East Queensland</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/State_Library_of_Queensland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="State Library of Queensland">State Library of Queensland</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style> <div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"> <div class="sister-bar-header"> Brisbane at Wikipedia's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>: </div> <ul class="sister-bar-content"> <li class="sister-bar-item"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 14px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="14" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" class="extiw" title="c:Brisbane">Media</a> from Commons</li> <li class="sister-bar-item"> <noscript> <img alt="" 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</div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brisbane&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 28 November 2024, at 10:28 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2589%25A5%25E1%2588%25AD%25E1%258B%259D%25E1%2589%25A0%25E1%258A%2595" title="ብርዝበን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ብርዝበን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Брисбен – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Брисбен" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="بريزبان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بريزبان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisben" title="Brisben – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Brisben" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D9%2586" title="بریزبین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بریزبین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25A8" title="ব্রিসবেন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রিসবেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Брысбен – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брысбен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D0%25B1%25D1%258D%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BD" title="Брысбэйн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Брысбэйн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="ब्रिस्बेन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ब्रिस्बेन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B1%25D1%258A%25D0%25BD" title="Бризбън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бризбън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane_(kapital_sa_estado)" title="Brisbane (kapital sa estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Brisbane (kapital sa estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="بريزبان – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بريزبان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259C%25CF%2580%25CF%2581%25CE%25AF%25CF%2583%25CE%25BC%25CF%2580%25CE%25B5%25CF%258A%25CE%25BD" title="Μπρίσμπεϊν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπρίσμπεϊν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbano" title="Brisbano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brisbano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586" title="بریزبن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بریزبن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25B8%258C%25EB%25A6%25AC%25EC%25A6%2588%25EB%25B2%2588" title="브리즈번 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브리즈번" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipeni" title="Pilipeni – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Pilipeni" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B2%25D6%2580%25D5%25AB%25D5%25BD%25D5%25A2%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B6" title="Բրիսբեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրիսբեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="ब्रिस्बेन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्रिस्बेन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Брисбен – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Брисбен" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2591%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%2591%25D7%259F" title="בריזבן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בריזבן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25AC%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AC%25E0%25B3%2587%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B3%258D%25E2%2580%258C" title="ಬ್ರಿಸ್ಬೇನ್‌ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬ್ರಿಸ್ಬೇನ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598" title="ბრიზბენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრიზბენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Брисбен – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Брисбен" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Брисбен – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Брисбен" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbena" title="Brisbena – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Brisbena" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbanas" title="Brisbanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Brisbanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="ब्रिसबेन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ब्रिसबेन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2598%25D0%25BD" title="Бризбејн – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бризбејн" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25AC%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AC%25E0%25B5%2586%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B5%25BB" title="ബ്രിസ്ബെയ്ൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബ്രിസ്ബെയ്ൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piripane" title="Piripane – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Piripane" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="ब्रिस्बेन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ब्रिस्बेन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598" title="ბრიზბენი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბრიზბენი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="بريزبان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بريزبان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B1%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD" title="Брисбэн – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Брисбэн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BC%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%25B7" title="ဘရစ်စဘိန်းမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘရစ်စဘိန်းမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birisibeni" title="Birisibeni – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Birisibeni" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="ब्रिसबेन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ब्रिसबेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2596%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2582%25B9%25E3%2583%2599%25E3%2583%25B3" title="ブリスベン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブリスベン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Брисбен – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Брисбен" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane_(Steed_uun_Austraalien)" title="Brisbane (Steed uun Austraalien) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Brisbane (Steed uun Austraalien)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbin" title="Brisbin – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Brisbin" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaanjin" title="Meaanjin – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Meaanjin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Брисбен – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Брисбен" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisben" title="Brisben – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Brisben" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AC%25E0%25A9%258D%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%259C%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A8%25AC%25E0%25A8%25A8" title="ਬ੍ਰਿਜ਼ਬਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬ੍ਰਿਜ਼ਬਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D9%2586" title="برسبین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برسبین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586" title="بریزبن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بریزبن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbin" title="Brisbin – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Brisbin" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Брисбен – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Брисбен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Брисбен – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Брисбен" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perisipeni" title="Perisipeni – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Perisipeni" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25A8" title="ब्रिस्बेन – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ब्रिस्बेन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25B5%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%25B5%25E1%25B1%25AE%25E1%25B1%25B1" title="ᱵᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25B6%25E0%25B7%258A%25E2%2580%258D%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25B6%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B7%258A" title="බ්‍රිස්බන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බ්‍රිස්බන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D9%2586" title="برسبين – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="برسبين" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25DB%258E%25D9%2586" title="بریزبێن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بریزبێن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2598%25D0%25BD" title="Бризбејн – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бризбејн" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B0%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B8%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AF%2587%25E0%25AE%25A9%25E0%25AF%258D" title="பிரிஸ்பேன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரிஸ்பேன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Брисбен – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Брисбен" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%2599" title="บริสเบน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บริสเบน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Брисбен – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Брисбен" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilisipeini" title="Pilisipeini – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Pilisipeini" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2591%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD" title="Брисбен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Брисбен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8%25DB%258C%25D9%2586" title="برسبین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="برسبین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D9%2589%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="برىسبان – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="برىسبان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisben" title="Brisben – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Brisben" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25B8%2583%25E9%2587%258C%25E5%258F%25B8%25E7%258F%25AD" title="布里司班 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="布里司班" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2591%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%2591%25D7%259F" title="בריזבן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בריזבן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25B8%2583%25E9%2587%258C%25E6%2596%25AF%25E6%259C%25AC" title="布里斯本 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="布里斯本" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Brisbane" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%25C4%2597sbens" title="Brėsbens – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Brėsbens" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25B8%2583%25E9%2587%258C%25E6%2596%25AF%25E7%258F%25AD" title="布里斯班 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="布里斯班" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">This page was last edited on 28 November 2024, at 10:28 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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