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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Rivers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Landmarks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Palaces_and_museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palaces_and_museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Palaces and museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palaces_and_museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Churches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Squares_and_public_monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Squares_and_public_monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Squares and public monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Squares_and_public_monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_walls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_walls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>City walls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_walls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera_houses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera_houses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Opera houses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opera_houses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Other sights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>UNESCO World Heritage Sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Early modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Two_Sicilies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_Sicilies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Two Sicilies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two_Sicilies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_unification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_unification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Italian unification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_unification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_second_world_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_second_world_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>The second world war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_second_world_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italian_Republic_and_today" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian_Republic_and_today"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Italian Republic and today</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian_Republic_and_today-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Patron_saints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patron_saints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Patron saints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patron_saints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_emblems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_emblems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>City emblems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_emblems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Flag</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coat_of_arms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coat_of_arms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Coat of arms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coat_of_arms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy_and_infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy_and_infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy and infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy_and_infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy and infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy_and_infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Buses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Trams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Coaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palermo_Public_Transportation_Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palermo_Public_Transportation_Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Palermo Public Transportation Statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palermo_Public_Transportation_Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Port</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.9</span> <span>National rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Honorary_citizens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_citizens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Honorary citizens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_citizens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Palermo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 145 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-145" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">145 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%93%E1%88%8C%E1%88%AD%E1%88%9E" title="ፓሌርሞ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፓሌርሞ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88" title="باليرمو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باليرمو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C3%A8rmo" title="Palèrmo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Palèrmo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88" title="پالرمو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پالرمو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C3%A9rmo" title="Palérmo – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Palérmo" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B" title="পালের্মো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পালের্মো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Палермо – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Палермо" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Палерма – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Палерма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Палерма – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Палерма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Палермо – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Палермо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palerm" title="Palerm – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Palerm" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Палермо – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Палермо" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo_(kapital_sa_rehiyon)" title="Palermo (kapital sa rehiyon) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Palermo (kapital sa rehiyon)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermu" title="Palermu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Palermu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF" title="Παλέρμο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παλέρμο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C3%A8rum" title="Palèrum – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Palèrum" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermu" title="Palermu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Palermu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88" title="پالرمو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پالرمو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palerme" title="Palerme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Palerme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%94%EB%A0%88%EB%A5%B4%EB%AA%A8" title="팔레르모 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="팔레르모" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%B8" title="Պալերմո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պալերմո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B" title="पलेर्मो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पलेर्मो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Палермо – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Палермо" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%95" title="פלרמו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלרמו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D" title="პალერმო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პალერმო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Палермо – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Палермо" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Палермо – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Палермо" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panormus" title="Panormus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Panormus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermas" title="Palermas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Palermas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo_(Olaszorsz%C3%A1g)" title="Palermo (Olaszország) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Palermo (Olaszország)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Палермо – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Палермо" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B" title="പലേർമോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പലേർമോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B" title="पालेर्मो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पालेर्मो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D" title="პალერმო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პალერმო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88" title="پاليرمو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="پاليرمو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Палэрма – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Палэрма" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Палермо – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Палермо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo_(stad)" title="Palermo (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Palermo (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%AC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A2" title="パレルモ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パレルモ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Палермо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Палермо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal%C3%A8rme" title="Palèrme – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Palèrme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Палермо – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Палермо" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B" title="ਪਾਲੇਰਮੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਲੇਰਮੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88" title="پلرمو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پلرمو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88" title="پالرمو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پالرمو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palerm" title="Palerm – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Palerm" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Палермо – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Палермо" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Палермо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Палермо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B" title="पलेर्मो – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पलेर्मो" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermu" title="Palermu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Palermu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%86" title="پالێرمۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پالێرمۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Палермо – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Палермо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B" title="பலெர்மோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பலெர்மோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermu" title="Palermu – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Palermu" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palerme" title="Palerme – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Palerme" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Палермо – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Палермо" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1" title="ปาแลร์โม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปาแลร์โม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Палермо – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Палермо" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Палермо – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Палермо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88" title="پالیرمو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پالیرمو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C5%82ermo" title="Pałermo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Pałermo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E8%8E%AB" title="巴勒莫 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="巴勒莫" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%90" title="פאלערמא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאלערמא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%91%A9" title="巴勒摩 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="巴勒摩" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E8%8E%AB" title="巴勒莫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="巴勒莫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Palermo" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Palermo&params=38_06_40_N_13_21_06_E_type:city_region:IT-PA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°06′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°21′06″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.11111°N 13.35167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.11111; 13.35167</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Sicily, Italy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Italy. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Palermo_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Palermo (disambiguation)">Palermo (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Comune in Sicily, Italy</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Palermo</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="it"><span title="Sicilian-language text"><i lang="scn">Paliemmu</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicilian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></i></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Comune di Palermo</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="border:1;;height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramica_Cattedrale_di_Palermo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Panoramica_Cattedrale_di_Palermo.jpg/330px-Panoramica_Cattedrale_di_Palermo.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Panoramica_Cattedrale_di_Palermo.jpg/500px-Panoramica_Cattedrale_di_Palermo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Panoramica_Cattedrale_di_Palermo.jpg/960px-Panoramica_Cattedrale_di_Palermo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4621" data-file-height="1837" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Palermo_Cathedral" title="Palermo Cathedral">Palermo Cathedral</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:110px;max-width:110px"><div style="border:1;;height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sicilia_Palermo5_tango7174.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sicilia_Palermo5_tango7174.jpg/108px-Sicilia_Palermo5_tango7174.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sicilia_Palermo5_tango7174.jpg/162px-Sicilia_Palermo5_tango7174.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sicilia_Palermo5_tango7174.jpg/216px-Sicilia_Palermo5_tango7174.jpg 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Interior of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Caterina,_Palermo" title="Santa Caterina, Palermo">Santa Caterina Church</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:158px;max-width:158px"><div style="border:1;;height:117px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palais_des_Normands.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Palais_des_Normands.jpg/250px-Palais_des_Normands.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Palais_des_Normands.jpg/330px-Palais_des_Normands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3376" data-file-height="2532" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Normanni" title="Palazzo dei Normanni">Norman Palace</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div style="border:1;;height:128px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sicilia_Palermo1_tango7174.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sicilia_Palermo1_tango7174.jpg/175px-Sicilia_Palermo1_tango7174.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sicilia_Palermo1_tango7174.jpg/263px-Sicilia_Palermo1_tango7174.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sicilia_Palermo1_tango7174.jpg/350px-Sicilia_Palermo1_tango7174.jpg 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Pretoria" title="Piazza Pretoria">Piazza Pretoria</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:91px;max-width:91px"><div style="border:1;;height:128px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_0601_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Palermo_0601_2013.jpg/120px-Palermo_0601_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Palermo_0601_2013.jpg/250px-Palermo_0601_2013.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3807" data-file-height="5488" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/San_Giuseppe_dei_Teatini,_Palermo" title="San Giuseppe dei Teatini, Palermo">San Giuseppe dei Teatini</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div style="border:1;;height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo-Politeama-bjs-1_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Palermo-Politeama-bjs-1_edit.jpg/250px-Palermo-Politeama-bjs-1_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Palermo-Politeama-bjs-1_edit.jpg/330px-Palermo-Politeama-bjs-1_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1460" data-file-height="988" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Teatro_Politeama,_Palermo" title="Teatro Politeama, Palermo">Teatro Politeama</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:135px;max-width:135px"><div style="border:1;;height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Zisa_(Palermo)-msu-1093.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/La_Zisa_%28Palermo%29-msu-1093.jpg/250px-La_Zisa_%28Palermo%29-msu-1093.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/La_Zisa_%28Palermo%29-msu-1093.jpg/330px-La_Zisa_%28Palermo%29-msu-1093.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Zisa,_Palermo" title="Zisa, Palermo">Zisa</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Palermo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Palermo"><img alt="Flag of Palermo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Palermo.svg/100px-Flag_of_Palermo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Palermo.svg/150px-Flag_of_Palermo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Palermo.svg/200px-Flag_of_Palermo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo-Stemma_(1999).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Palermo"><img alt="Coat of arms of Palermo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Palermo-Stemma_%281999%29.svg/78px-Palermo-Stemma_%281999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Palermo-Stemma_%281999%29.svg/117px-Palermo-Stemma_%281999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Palermo-Stemma_%281999%29.svg/156px-Palermo-Stemma_%281999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="656" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_comune_of_Palermo_(metropolitan_city_of_Palermo,_region_Sicily,_Italy).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The municipality of Palermo within the Metropolitan City of Palermo"><img alt="The municipality of Palermo within the Metropolitan City of Palermo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Map_of_comune_of_Palermo_%28metropolitan_city_of_Palermo%2C_region_Sicily%2C_Italy%29.svg/250px-Map_of_comune_of_Palermo_%28metropolitan_city_of_Palermo%2C_region_Sicily%2C_Italy%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Map_of_comune_of_Palermo_%28metropolitan_city_of_Palermo%2C_region_Sicily%2C_Italy%29.svg/500px-Map_of_comune_of_Palermo_%28metropolitan_city_of_Palermo%2C_region_Sicily%2C_Italy%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="3516" data-file-height="3808" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">The municipality of Palermo within the<br /><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Palermo" title="Metropolitan City of Palermo">Metropolitan City of Palermo</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Palermo</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_d793a5d163e13296bf55c169f9d9ff20bc27ea17"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Palermo&revid=1283711203&groups=_d793a5d163e13296bf55c169f9d9ff20bc27ea17" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Palermo&revid=1283711203&groups=_d793a5d163e13296bf55c169f9d9ff20bc27ea17 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palermo is located in Italy"><img alt="Palermo is located in Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/250px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/375px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/500px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.768%;left:55.872%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Palermo"><img alt="Palermo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Palermo</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Palermo in Sicily</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Italy</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738" /><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_Sicily_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palermo is located in Sicily"><img alt="Palermo is located in Sicily" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Italy_Sicily_location_map.svg/250px-Italy_Sicily_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Italy_Sicily_location_map.svg/500px-Italy_Sicily_location_map.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1289" data-file-height="1409" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.54%;left:38.792%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Palermo"><img alt="Palermo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Palermo</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Palermo (Sicily)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Sicily</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Palermo&params=38_06_40_N_13_21_06_E_type:city_region:IT-PA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°06′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°21′06″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.11111°N 13.35167°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.11111; 13.35167</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">Metropolitan city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Palermo" title="Metropolitan City of Palermo">Palermo</a> (PA)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">736 BC</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Lagalla" title="Roberto Lagalla">Roberto Lagalla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Union_of_the_Centre_(2002)" title="Union of the Centre (2002)">UDC</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">158.9 km<sup>2</sup> (61.4 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">14 m (46 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<small>31 January 2013</small>)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">676,118 <small>(city)</small><br /> 1,300,000 <small>(metro)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Palermitano<br />Panormito<br />Palermitan (English)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">90100</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Italy" title="List of dialling codes in Italy">Dialing code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">091</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Statistics (Italy)">ISTAT</a> code</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ottomilacensus.istat.it/comune/082/082053">082053 </a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Patron saint</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Saint Rosalia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Saint Agata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olivia_of_Palermo" title="Olivia of Palermo">Saint Oliva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Benedict_the_Moor" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Benedict the Moor">Saint Benedict the Moor</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Saint day</th><td class="infobox-data">14 July</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.palermo.it">Official website</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Palermo" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Palermo">Palermo</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Palermo</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɛər/: 'are' in 'bare'">ɛər</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span></span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">pə-<span style="font-size:90%">LAIR</span>-moh, -⁠<span style="font-size:90%">LUR</span>-</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[paˈlɛrmo]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/cc\/It-Palermo.ogg\/It-Palermo.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"It-Palermo.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/It-Palermo.ogg/It-Palermo.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:It-Palermo.ogg" title="File:It-Palermo.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicilian</a>: <i lang="scn">Palermu</i>, locally also <span title="Sicilian-language text"><i lang="scn">Paliemmu</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="scn-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sicilian" title="Help:IPA/Sicilian">[paˈljɛmmʊ]</a></span> or <span title="Sicilian-language text"><i lang="scn">Palèimmu</i></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a city in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">southern Italy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">capital</a> of both the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous area">autonomous region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Palermo" title="Metropolitan City of Palermo">Metropolitan City of Palermo</a>, the city's surrounding metropolitan province. The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is in the northwest of the island of Sicily, by the Gulf of Palermo in the <a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a>. </p><p>The city was founded in Isla Palermo 734 BC by the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicians</a> as <span title="Phoenician-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="phn-Latn">Sis</span></span> ("flower"). Palermo then became a possession of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a>. Two <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_colonization" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek colonization">colonies</a> were established, known collectively as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="grc-Latn">Panormos</span></span>; the Carthaginians used this name on their coins after the 5th century<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC. As <span title="Latin-language text"><span lang="la" style="font-style: normal;">Panormus</span></span>, the town became part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a> for over a thousand years. From 831 to 1072 the city was under <a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy" title="History of Islam in southern Italy">Arab rule</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Sicily">Emirate of Sicily</a> when the city became the capital of Sicily for the first time. During this time the city was known as <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ar-Latn">Balarm</span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-trabia_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trabia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Norman conquest</a>, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a>, that lasted from 1130 to 1816.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population of Palermo <a href="/wiki/Larger_Urban_Zones" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger Urban Zones">urban area</a> is estimated by <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a> to be 855,285, while its <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_Europe_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population">metropolitan area</a> is the fifth most populated in Italy, with around 1.2 million people. The municipality itself, has a population of around 676,000 people. The inhabitants are known as Palermitani or, poetically, <i>panormiti</i>. The languages spoken by its inhabitants are the <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian language</a> and the Palermitano dialect of the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicilian language</a>. </p><p>Palermo is Sicily's <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">cultural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">economic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> capital. It is a city rich in <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a>. Numerous tourists are attracted to the city for its appealing <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> climate, its renowned <a href="/wiki/Gastronomy" title="Gastronomy">gastronomy</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and <a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">restaurants</a>, its <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">churches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">palaces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">buildings</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/Nightlife" title="Nightlife">nightlife</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palermo is the main Sicilian <a href="/wiki/Industrial_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial sector">industrial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commercial</a> center: the main industrial sectors include <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">services</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerce</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palermo has an <a href="/wiki/Falcone%E2%80%93Borsellino_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Falcone–Borsellino Airport">international airport</a> and a significant <a href="/wiki/Underground_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground economy">underground economy</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> For cultural, artistic and economic reasons, Palermo is one of the largest cities in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> and is now among the top tourist destinations in both Italy and Europe. It is the main seat of the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Arab-Norman_Palermo_and_the_Cathedral_Churches_of_Cefal%C3%B9_and_Monreale" title="Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale">Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale</a></i>. The city is also going through careful redevelopment, preparing to become one of the major cities of the Euro-Mediterranean area.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a> is highly important in Palermitan culture. The Patron Saint of Palermo is <a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Santa Rosalia</a> whose Feast Day is celebrated on 15 July. The area attracts significant numbers of <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourists</a> each year and is widely known for its colourful fruit, vegetable and fish <a href="/wiki/Market_(place)" class="mw-redirect" title="Market (place)">markets</a> at the heart of Palermo, known as <i>Vucciria</i>, <i>Ballarò</i> and <i>Capo</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Palermo lies in a basin, formed by the Papireto, Kemonia and Oreto rivers. The basin was named the <i>Conca d'Oro</i> (the Golden Basin) by the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> in the 9th century. The city is surrounded by a mountain range which is named after the city itself. These mountains face the <a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a>. Palermo is home to a <a href="/wiki/Natural_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural port">natural port</a> and offers views to the sea, especially from <a href="/wiki/Monte_Pellegrino" class="mw-redirect" title="Monte Pellegrino">Monte Pellegrino</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Il_golfo_di_Mondello.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Il_golfo_di_Mondello.jpg/250px-Il_golfo_di_Mondello.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Il_golfo_di_Mondello.jpg/330px-Il_golfo_di_Mondello.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Il_golfo_di_Mondello.jpg/500px-Il_golfo_di_Mondello.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2738" data-file-height="1740" /></a><figcaption>Gulf of Mondello seen from Monte Pellegrino</figcaption></figure> <p>Palermo experiences a hot-summer subtropical <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: <i>Csa</i>) with moderate seasonality. Summers are very long, hot and dry due to the domination of subtropical high pressure system, while winters are mild and changeable, with rainy weather due to the polar front.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Temperatures in autumn and spring are typically warm. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature of 18 °C (64 °F); it is one of the warmest cities in Italy. It receives approximately 2,530 hours of sunshine per year. Snow is a rare occurrence having snowed about a dozen times since 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1940s to nowadays there have been at least five times when considerable snowfall has occurred. In 1949 and in 1956, when the minimum temperature went down to 0 °C (32 °F), the city was blanketed by some centimetres of snow.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Snowfalls also occurred in 1981, 1986, 1999 and 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lowest temperature ever recorded in Palermo was −2.5 °C (27 °F) in February 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average annual temperature of the sea is above 19 °C (66 °F); from 14 °C (57 °F) in February to 26 °C (79 °F) in August. In the period from November to May, the average sea temperature exceeds 18 °C (64 °F) and in the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds 21 °C (70 °F).<sup id="cite_ref-weather2travel_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weather2travel-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Palermo-Boccadifalco_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo-Boccadifalco Airport">Palermo-Boccadifalco Airport</a> on the outskirts of the city <small>(altitude: 117 m, <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Palermo-Boccadifalco_Airport&params=38_07_06_N_13_18_47_E_type:airport">satellite view</a>)</small>, 1971–2000 normals, Extremes 1943–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.1<br />(102.4) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.0<br />(111.2) </td> <td style="background: #E20000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.6<br />(110.5) </td> <td style="background: #CB0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.2<br />(113.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.2<br />(106.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4<br />(99.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #CB0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">45.2<br />(113.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5<br />(81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5<br />(74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5<br />(47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2<br />(66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.3<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(52) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #6DFF6D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.5<br />(3.84) </td> <td style="background: #4BFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">109.9<br />(4.33) </td> <td style="background: #8AFF8A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.2<br />(3.08) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.1<br />(2.56) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2<br />(1.43) </td> <td style="background: #E3FFE3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(0.70) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(0.26) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(1.25) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.3<br />(2.57) </td> <td style="background: #61FF61; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.6<br />(4.16) </td> <td style="background: #4AFF4A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.5<br />(4.63) </td> <td style="background: #46FF46; color:#000000;" class="notheme">123.7<br />(4.87) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">855.4<br />(33.68) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">82.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Servizio_Meteorologico" title="Servizio Meteorologico">Servizio Meteorologico</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Tu Tiempo<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extreme temperatures. </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Palermo-Valverde, elevation: 21 m or 69 ft, 1961–1990 normals, Extremes 1960–1990 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4<br />(59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4<br />(86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(76.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89<br />(3.5) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69<br />(2.7) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58<br />(2.3) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46<br />(1.8) </td> <td style="background: #D9FFD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #EFFFEF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(0.5) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80<br />(3.1) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84<br />(3.3) </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93<br />(3.7) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">613<br />(24.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">80 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Servizio_Meteorologico" title="Servizio Meteorologico">Servizio Meteorologico</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Cinisi, at 30 km (19 mi) from Palermo. (<a href="/wiki/Falcone_Borsellino_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Falcone Borsellino Airport">Palermo Punta Raisi Airport</a>), elevation: 21 m or 69 ft, 1961–1990 normals, Extremes 1960–1990 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7<br />(94.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td> <td style="background: #D90000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.2<br />(111.6) </td> <td style="background: #E80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.1<br />(109.6) </td> <td style="background: #F20000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.4<br />(108.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.6<br />(105.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(88) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #D90000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.2<br />(111.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.3<br />(68.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9<br />(48) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(61) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13<br />(55) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8<br />(46) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.6<br />(2.82) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.4<br />(2.57) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.5<br />(2.34) </td> <td style="background: #BBFFBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.1<br />(1.74) </td> <td style="background: #D9FFD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(1.00) </td> <td style="background: #ECFFEC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(0.48) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(0.20) </td> <td style="background: #EBFFEB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(0.52) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.5<br />(1.63) </td> <td style="background: #6CFF6C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.0<br />(3.86) </td> <td style="background: #6DFF6D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.3<br />(3.71) </td> <td style="background: #87FF87; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.0<br />(3.15) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">610.5<br />(24.02) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">72 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-noaa_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-noaa-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Altervista<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extreme temperatures. </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sommer,_Giorgio_(1834-1914)_-_n._9000_-_PALERMO_-_Monte_Pellegrino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sommer%2C_Giorgio_%281834-1914%29_-_n._9000_-_PALERMO_-_Monte_Pellegrino.jpg/220px-Sommer%2C_Giorgio_%281834-1914%29_-_n._9000_-_PALERMO_-_Monte_Pellegrino.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sommer%2C_Giorgio_%281834-1914%29_-_n._9000_-_PALERMO_-_Monte_Pellegrino.jpg/330px-Sommer%2C_Giorgio_%281834-1914%29_-_n._9000_-_PALERMO_-_Monte_Pellegrino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sommer%2C_Giorgio_%281834-1914%29_-_n._9000_-_PALERMO_-_Monte_Pellegrino.jpg/440px-Sommer%2C_Giorgio_%281834-1914%29_-_n._9000_-_PALERMO_-_Monte_Pellegrino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="633" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pellegrino" title="Mount Pellegrino">Mount Pellegrino</a>, pictured at the end of the 19th century; the mountain is visible from everywhere in the city.</figcaption></figure> <p>Palermo is surrounded by mountains, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, about 1,333 m (4,373 ft) high. However, historically, the most important mount is <a href="/wiki/Monte_Pellegrino" class="mw-redirect" title="Monte Pellegrino">Monte Pellegrino</a>, which is geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain with the mount lying right in front of the <a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a>. Monte Pellegrino's cliff was described in the 19th century by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a>, as "the most beautiful promontory in the world", in his essay <i><a href="/wiki/Italian_Journey" title="Italian Journey">Italian Journey</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivers">Rivers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rivers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today both the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papireto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papireto (page does not exist)">Papireto</a> river and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cemonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cemonia (page does not exist)">Kemonia</a> are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from the western uptown and the industrial districts. In the basins there were, though, many seasonal torrents that helped formed swampy plains, reclaimed during history; a good example of which can be found in the borough of <a href="/wiki/Mondello" title="Mondello">Mondello</a>. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1010px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize thumbimage" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_panorama_monte_pellegrino.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Palermo from Monte Pellegrino"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Palermo_panorama_monte_pellegrino.JPG/1000px-Palermo_panorama_monte_pellegrino.JPG" decoding="async" width="1000" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Palermo_panorama_monte_pellegrino.JPG/1500px-Palermo_panorama_monte_pellegrino.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Palermo_panorama_monte_pellegrino.JPG/2000px-Palermo_panorama_monte_pellegrino.JPG 2x" data-file-width="9356" data-file-height="1513" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_panorama_monte_pellegrino.JPG" title="File:Palermo panorama monte pellegrino.JPG"> </a></div>View of Palermo from Monte Pellegrino</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Districts">Districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Palermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor of Palermo">Mayor of Palermo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Districts_of_Palermo_with_Roman_numbers.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Districts_of_Palermo_with_Roman_numbers.svg/330px-Districts_of_Palermo_with_Roman_numbers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Districts_of_Palermo_with_Roman_numbers.svg/500px-Districts_of_Palermo_with_Roman_numbers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Districts_of_Palermo_with_Roman_numbers.svg/600px-Districts_of_Palermo_with_Roman_numbers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="772" /></a><figcaption>Quarters of Palermo</figcaption></figure> <table style="width:60%;" class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:10%;">Municipality </th> <th style="width:50%;">Quarters </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>I</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsa" title="Kalsa">Kalsa</a>, Albergheria, Seralcadio & La Loggia </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">II</td> <td style="text-align:center;">Settecannoli, <a href="/wiki/Brancaccio" title="Brancaccio">Brancaccio</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ciaculli" title="Ciaculli">Ciaculli-Oreto</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>III</td> <td style="text-align:center;">Villagrazia-Falsomiele & Stazione-Oreto </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">IV</td> <td style="text-align:center;">Montegrappa, S. Rosalia, <a href="/wiki/Cuba,_Palermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuba, Palermo">Cuba</a>, Calafatimi, Mezzomonreale, Villa Tasca-Altarello & Boccadifalco </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">V</td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Zisa,_Palermo" title="Zisa, Palermo">Zisa</a>, Noce, Uditore-Passo di Rigano & Borgo Nuovo </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>VI</td> <td style="text-align:center;">Cruillas, S. Giovanni Apostolo, Resuttana & San Lorenzo </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;">VII</td> <td style="text-align:center;">Pallavicino, Tommaso Natale, Sferracavallo, Partanna Mondello, Arenella, Vergine Maria & San Filippo Neri (formerly known as <a href="/wiki/Zona_Espansione_Nord_(Palermo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zona Espansione Nord (Palermo)">ZEN</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>VIII</td> <td style="text-align:center;">Politeama, Malaspina-Palagonia, Libertà & Monte Pellegrino </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Shown above are the thirty five quarters of Palermo: these thirty five neighbourhoods or "<a href="/wiki/Quartiere" class="mw-redirect" title="Quartiere">quartiere</a>" as they are known, are further divided into eight governmental community boards.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:560px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize thumbimage" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramica_Cattedrale_di_Palermo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palermo Cathedral"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Panoramica_Cattedrale_di_Palermo.jpg/960px-Panoramica_Cattedrale_di_Palermo.jpg" decoding="async" width="550" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Panoramica_Cattedrale_di_Palermo.jpg/1100px-Panoramica_Cattedrale_di_Palermo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4621" data-file-height="1837" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramica_Cattedrale_di_Palermo.jpg" title="File:Panoramica Cattedrale di Palermo.jpg"> </a></div>Palermo Cathedral</div></div></div> <p>Palermo has a large architectural heritage and is notable for its many <a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman buildings</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palaces_and_museums">Palaces and museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Palaces and museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo-Castle-bjs-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Palermo-Castle-bjs-1.jpg/220px-Palermo-Castle-bjs-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Palermo-Castle-bjs-1.jpg/330px-Palermo-Castle-bjs-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Palermo-Castle-bjs-1.jpg/440px-Palermo-Castle-bjs-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1028" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Normanni" title="Palazzo dei Normanni">Palazzo dei Normanni</a>, seat of the Sicilian Regional Assembly</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Normanni" title="Palazzo dei Normanni">Palazzo dei Normanni</a> (the Norman Palace), a notable example of <a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman architecture</a>, this palace houses the <a href="/wiki/Cappella_Palatina" title="Cappella Palatina">Cappella Palatina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zisa,_Palermo" title="Zisa, Palermo">Zisa</a> (1160) and <a href="/wiki/Cuba,_Palermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuba, Palermo">Cuba</a>, magnificent castles/houses historically used by the kings of Palermo for hunting. The Zisa today houses the Islamic museum. The Cuba was once encircled by water.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Natoli" title="Palazzo Natoli">Palazzo Natoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Chiaramonte" title="Palazzo Chiaramonte">Palazzo Chiaramonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Abatellis" title="Palazzo Abatellis">Palazzo Abatellis</a>: built at the end of the 15th century for the prefect of the city, Francesco Abatellis. It is a massive though elegant construction, in typical <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Catalan Gothic</a> style, with <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> influences. The Gallery houses an Eleonora of Aragon bust by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Laurana" title="Francesco Laurana">Francesco Laurana</a> (1471) and the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malvagna_Triptych&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malvagna Triptych (page does not exist)">Malvagna Triptych</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1510), by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Mabuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Mabuse">Jan Gossaert</a> and an <i>Annunziata</i> by <a href="/wiki/Antonello_da_Messina" title="Antonello da Messina">Antonello da Messina</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonino_Salinas_Regional_Archeological_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonino Salinas Regional Archeological Museum">Antonino Salinas Regional Archeological Museum</a>: museum includes numerous remains from <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthaginian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> civilisations. It houses all the decorative remains from the Sicilian temples of <a href="/wiki/Segesta" title="Segesta">Segesta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinunte</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzina_Cinese" title="Palazzina Cinese">Palazzina Cinese</a>: royal residence of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies" title="House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies">House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a> and location of the Ethnographic Museum of Sicily.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches">Churches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Churches_in_Palermo" title="Churches in Palermo">Churches in Palermo</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo-San-Cataldo-bjs-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Palermo-San-Cataldo-bjs-1.jpg/250px-Palermo-San-Cataldo-bjs-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Palermo-San-Cataldo-bjs-1.jpg/330px-Palermo-San-Cataldo-bjs-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Palermo-San-Cataldo-bjs-1.jpg/500px-Palermo-San-Cataldo-bjs-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1028" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Cataldo,_Palermo" class="mw-redirect" title="San Cataldo, Palermo">San Cataldo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo-Martorana-bjs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Palermo-Martorana-bjs.jpg/250px-Palermo-Martorana-bjs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Palermo-Martorana-bjs.jpg/330px-Palermo-Martorana-bjs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Palermo-Martorana-bjs.jpg/500px-Palermo-Martorana-bjs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1028" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Martorana" class="mw-redirect" title="Martorana">Chiesa della Martorana</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sicilia_Palermo5_tango7174.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sicilia_Palermo5_tango7174.jpg/220px-Sicilia_Palermo5_tango7174.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sicilia_Palermo5_tango7174.jpg/330px-Sicilia_Palermo5_tango7174.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Sicilia_Palermo5_tango7174.jpg/440px-Sicilia_Palermo5_tango7174.jpg 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Santa_Caterina,_Palermo" title="Santa Caterina, Palermo">Santa Caterina</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_San_Francesco_d%27Assisi,_Palermo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Basilica_San_Francesco_d%27Assisi%2C_Palermo.jpg/220px-Basilica_San_Francesco_d%27Assisi%2C_Palermo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Basilica_San_Francesco_d%27Assisi%2C_Palermo.jpg/330px-Basilica_San_Francesco_d%27Assisi%2C_Palermo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Basilica_San_Francesco_d%27Assisi%2C_Palermo.jpg/440px-Basilica_San_Francesco_d%27Assisi%2C_Palermo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Francesco_d%27Assisi,_Palermo" title="San Francesco d'Assisi, Palermo">San Francesco d'Assisi</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palermo_Cathedral" title="Palermo Cathedral">Palermo Cathedral</a>: the long history of the cathedral led to an accumulation of different architectural styles, the latest being the 18th century.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappella_Palatina" title="Cappella Palatina">Cappella Palatina</a>, 12th century chapel of the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Normanni" title="Palazzo dei Normanni">Palazzo dei Normanni</a>, has outstanding mosaics in both Western and the Eastern traditions and a roof by Saracen craftsmen.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_dei_Lebbrosi,_Palermo" title="San Giovanni dei Lebbrosi, Palermo">San Giovanni dei Lebbrosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_degli_Eremiti" title="San Giovanni degli Eremiti">San Giovanni degli Eremiti</a>: 12th-century church, near Palazzo dei Normanni, notable for bright red domes, a remnant of Arab influence in Sicily. In his <i>Diary of an Idle Woman in Sicily</i>, F. Elliot described it as "... totally oriental... it would fit well in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> or <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>". The bell tower is an example of Norman architecture.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martorana" class="mw-redirect" title="Martorana">Chiesa della Martorana</a>: also known as <i>Santa Maria dell'Ammiraglio</i> (<i>St Mary of the Admiral</i>), church annexed to the next-door church of <a href="/wiki/San_Cataldo,_Palermo" class="mw-redirect" title="San Cataldo, Palermo">San Cataldo</a> and overlooks Piazza Bellini in central Palermo. Original layout was a compact <a href="/wiki/Cross-in-square" title="Cross-in-square">cross-in-square</a> ("Greek cross plan"), a common south Italian and Sicilian variant of the middle Byzantine period church style. Three eastern <a href="/wiki/Apse" title="Apse">apses</a> adjoin directly to the <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">naos</a>, instead of being separated by an additional bay, as was usual in eastern Byzantine architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bell tower, lavishly decorated, still serves as the main entrance to the church. The interior decoration is elaborate, and includes Byzantine mosaics.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Cataldo,_Palermo" class="mw-redirect" title="San Cataldo, Palermo">San Cataldo</a>: church on central Piazza Bellini, another example of <a href="/wiki/Norman_architecture" title="Norman architecture">Norman architecture</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Gancia,_Palermo" title="Santa Maria della Gancia, Palermo">Santa Maria della Gancia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Caterina,_Palermo" title="Santa Caterina, Palermo">Santa Caterina</a>: church located on Piazza Bellini, behind Piazza Pretoria, built between 1566 and 1596.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Catena,_Palermo" title="Santa Maria della Catena, Palermo">Santa Maria della Catena</a>: built between 1490 and 1520. Designed by <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Carnilivari" class="mw-redirect" title="Matteo Carnilivari">Matteo Carnilivari</a>: The name derives from chains that were once attached to one of the walls.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Dominic,_Palermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Saint Dominic, Palermo">San Domenico</a>: located near <a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_Roma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via Roma (page does not exist)">Via Roma</a>, now "Pantheon of illustrious <a href="/wiki/Sicilians" title="Sicilians">Sicilians</a>".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giuseppe_dei_Teatini" class="mw-redirect" title="San Giuseppe dei Teatini">San Giuseppe dei Teatini</a>: located near the <a href="/wiki/Quattro_Canti" title="Quattro Canti">Quattro Canti</a>, it is an example of <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Baroque" title="Sicilian Baroque">Sicilian Baroque</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratorio_di_San_Lorenzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Oratorio di San Lorenzo">Oratorio di San Lorenzo</a>: working in stucco, Rococo sculptor <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Serpotta" title="Giacomo Serpotta">Giacomo Serpotta</a> and his family decorated the church (1690/98–1706) with such a profusion of statuary, and an abundance of putti, the walls appear alive. In October 1969, two thieves removed Caravaggio's <i><a href="/wiki/Nativity_with_St._Francis_and_St._Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Nativity with St. Francis and St. Lawrence">Nativity with St. Francis and St. Lawrence</a></i> from its frame. It has never been recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oratorio_del_Rosario,_Palermo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oratorio del Rosario, Palermo (page does not exist)">Oratorio del Rosario</a>: completed by Giacomo Serpotta in (1710–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Teresa_alla_Kalsa" title="Santa Teresa alla Kalsa">Santa Teresa alla Kalsa</a>, derives its name from <a href="/wiki/Al-Khalisa" title="Al-Khalisa">Al-Khalisa</a>, an Arabic term meaning <i>elected</i>, was constructed between 1686 and 1706 over the former <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emir</a>'s residence, is one of the best examples of <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Baroque" title="Sicilian Baroque">Sicilian Baroque</a>. It has a single, airy nave, with <a href="/wiki/Stucco" title="Stucco">stucco</a> decorations from the early 18th century.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_dello_Spasimo" title="Santa Maria dello Spasimo">Santa Maria dello Spasimo</a> was built in 1506 and later turned into a hospital. This church inspired <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> to paint his famous <i><a href="/wiki/Christ_Falling_on_the_Way_to_Calvary_(Raphael)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ Falling on the Way to Calvary (Raphael)">Sicilia's Spasimo</a></i>, now in the <a href="/wiki/Museo_del_Prado" title="Museo del Prado">Museo del Prado</a>. The church today is a fascinating open-air auditorium, which occasionally houses exhibitions and musical shows.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Ges%C3%B9,_Palermo" title="Church of the Gesù, Palermo">Church of the Gesù</a> ("Church of Jesus"): located in the city centre, the church was built in 1564 in the late-Renaissance style by the Jesuits. It was built over a pre-existing convent of <a href="/wiki/Basilian_monk" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilian monk">Basilian monks</a>. Alterations in 1591 were completed in a Sicilian Baroque. The church was heavily damaged after the 1943 bombings, which destroyed most of the <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">frescos</a>. The interior has a <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">Latin cross</a> plan with a nave and two aisles, and has a particularly rich decoration of marbles, intarsia and stuccoes, especially in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne" title="Saint Anne">St Anne's</a> Chapel. At the right is the Casa Professa, with a 1685 portal and a precious 18th century cloister. The building has been home to the Municipal Library since 1775.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Francis_of_Assisi,_Palermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Saint Francis of Assisi, Palermo">San Francesco di Assisi</a>: church built between 1255 and 1277 in what was once the market district of the city, at the site of two pre-existing churches and was largely renovated in the 15th, 16th, 18th and 19th centuries, the last after an <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a>. After the 1943 bombings, the church was restored to its Medieval appearance, which now includes part of the original building such as part of the right side, the apses and the Gothic portal in the façade. The interior has a typical Gothic flavour, with a nave and two aisles separated by two rows of cylindrical pilasters. Some of the chapels are in <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_architecture" title="Renaissance architecture">Renaissance style</a>, as well as the late 16th century side portals. The church includes precious sculptures by <a href="/wiki/Antonello_Gagini" title="Antonello Gagini">Antonio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Gagini" title="Giacomo Gagini">Giacomo Gagini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Laurana" title="Francesco Laurana">Francesco Laurana</a>. Of note are also statues built by Giacomo Serpotta in 1723.</li> <li>Church of the Magione: officially known as the church of the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Holy Trinity</a>. This church was built in the Norman style in 1191 by Matteo d'Ajello, who donated it to the <a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercian monks</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Squares_and_public_monuments">Squares and public monuments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Squares and public monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sicilia_Palermo1_tango7174.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sicilia_Palermo1_tango7174.jpg/220px-Sicilia_Palermo1_tango7174.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sicilia_Palermo1_tango7174.jpg/330px-Sicilia_Palermo1_tango7174.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Sicilia_Palermo1_tango7174.jpg/440px-Sicilia_Palermo1_tango7174.jpg 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Piazza Pretoria</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quattro_Canti" title="Quattro Canti">Quattro Canti</a> is a small square at the crossing of the ancient main roads (now: Corso <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Vittorio Emanuele</a> and Via Maqueda) dividing the town into its quarters (<i><a href="/wiki/Mandamento_(administrative_district)" title="Mandamento (administrative district)">mandamenti</a></i>). The buildings at the corner have diagonal baroque façades so the square has an almost octagonal form.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_Pretoria" title="Piazza Pretoria">Piazza Pretoria</a> was planned in the 16th century near the Quattro Canti as the site of a fountain by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Camilliani" title="Francesco Camilliani">Francesco Camilliani</a>, the Fontana Pretoria.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_Monument_(Palermo)" title="Charles V Monument (Palermo)">monument to Charles V</a> on Piazza Bologni, erected in 1631.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_walls">City walls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: City walls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MuraPunichePalermo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/MuraPunichePalermo.JPG/250px-MuraPunichePalermo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/MuraPunichePalermo.JPG/330px-MuraPunichePalermo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/MuraPunichePalermo.JPG/500px-MuraPunichePalermo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> wall in via degli Schioppettieri</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_palazzo_normanni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Palermo_palazzo_normanni.jpg/220px-Palermo_palazzo_normanni.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Palermo_palazzo_normanni.jpg/330px-Palermo_palazzo_normanni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Palermo_palazzo_normanni.jpg/440px-Palermo_palazzo_normanni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Normanni" title="Palazzo dei Normanni">Palazzo dei Normanni</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Palermo had two rings of <a href="/wiki/City_wall" class="mw-redirect" title="City wall">city walls</a>, many parts of which still survive.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first ring surrounded the ancient core of the Phoenician city, the <i>Palaeopolis</i> or <i>Paleapolis</i> (in the area east of Porta Nuova) and the <i>Neapolis</i>. Via Vittorio Emanuele was the main road east–west through this early walled city. The eastern edge of the walled city was on Via Roma and the ancient port in the vicinity of Piazza Marina. The wall circuit was approximately Porto Nuovo, Corso Alberti, Piazza Peranni, Via Isodoro, Via Candela, Via Venezia, Via Roma, Piazza Paninni, Via Biscottari, Via Del Bastione, <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Normanni" title="Palazzo dei Normanni">Palazzo dei Normanni</a> and back to Porto Nuovo. </p><p>The walls followed the course of the two rivers that surround the city, the Kemonia and the Papireto, creating a natural moat and improving the military security of the city. During the Roman era, they were certainly implemented, as deducible from the subsequent account of Procopius of Caesarea about the capture of Palermo. </p><p>In the medieval period the city was expanded with a second wall. Via Vittorio Emanuele continued to be the main road east–west through the walled city. The west gate was still Porta Nuova, the walls continued to Corso Alberti, to Piazza Vittorio Emanuele Orlando where it turned east along Via Volturno to Piazza Verdi and along the line of Via Cavour. At this northeast corner the <a href="/wiki/Castello_a_Mare" title="Castello a Mare">Castello a Mare</a> protected the port at La Cala. A huge chain was used to block La Cala with the other end at <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Catena,_Palermo" title="Santa Maria della Catena, Palermo">Santa Maria della Catena</a> (St Mary of the Chain). The sea-side wall was along the western side of Foro Italico Umberto. The wall turns west along the northern side of Via Abramo Lincoln, continues along Corso Tukory. The wall turns north approximately on Via Benedetto, to <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Normanni" title="Palazzo dei Normanni">Palazzo dei Normanni</a> and back to Porta Nuova.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several gates in the city wall survive.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opera_houses">Opera houses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Opera houses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo-Teatro-Massimo-bjs2007-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Palermo-Teatro-Massimo-bjs2007-02.jpg/250px-Palermo-Teatro-Massimo-bjs2007-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Palermo-Teatro-Massimo-bjs2007-02.jpg/330px-Palermo-Teatro-Massimo-bjs2007-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Palermo-Teatro-Massimo-bjs2007-02.jpg/500px-Palermo-Teatro-Massimo-bjs2007-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Teatro_Massimo" title="Teatro Massimo">Teatro Massimo</a> opera house</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_Teatro_Politeama_BW_2012-10-09_16-44-27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Palermo_Teatro_Politeama_BW_2012-10-09_16-44-27.jpg/250px-Palermo_Teatro_Politeama_BW_2012-10-09_16-44-27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Palermo_Teatro_Politeama_BW_2012-10-09_16-44-27.jpg/330px-Palermo_Teatro_Politeama_BW_2012-10-09_16-44-27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Palermo_Teatro_Politeama_BW_2012-10-09_16-44-27.jpg/500px-Palermo_Teatro_Politeama_BW_2012-10-09_16-44-27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3682" data-file-height="2455" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Teatro_Politeama,_Palermo" title="Teatro Politeama, Palermo">Teatro Politeama</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Up until the beginning of the 20th century there were hundreds of small opera theatres known as <i>magazzeni</i> in the city of Palermo. </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Massimo" title="Teatro Massimo">Teatro Massimo</a> ("Greatest Theatre") was opened in 1897. It is the biggest in Italy (8,000 m<sup>2</sup>; 86,000 sq ft), and one of the largest of Europe (the third after the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Opera" title="Paris Opera">Paris Opera</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_State_Opera" title="Vienna State Opera">Vienna State Opera</a>), renowned for its perfect acoustics. <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Caruso" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a> sang in a performance of <i><a href="/wiki/La_Gioconda_(opera)" title="La Gioconda (opera)">La Gioconda</a></i> during the opening season, returning for <i><a href="/wiki/Rigoletto" title="Rigoletto">Rigoletto</a></i> at the very end of his career. Closed for renovation from 1974 until 1997, it is now restored and has an active schedule.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Politeama,_Palermo" title="Teatro Politeama, Palermo">Teatro Politeama</a> was built between 1867 and 1874.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sights">Other sights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orto_botanico_Palermo_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Orto_botanico_Palermo_04.jpg/220px-Orto_botanico_Palermo_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Orto_botanico_Palermo_04.jpg/330px-Orto_botanico_Palermo_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Orto_botanico_Palermo_04.jpg/440px-Orto_botanico_Palermo_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orto_botanico_di_Palermo" title="Orto botanico di Palermo">Palermo Botanical Garden</a>: the Winter Garden greenhouses</figcaption></figure> <p>The "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wall_of_Legality&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wall of Legality (page does not exist)">Wall of Legality</a>" ( <a href="/w/index.php?title=Il_Muro_Della_Legalit%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Il Muro Della Legalità (page does not exist)">Il Muro Della Legalità</a> ) depicts 38 important persons who helped in fighting the mafia. The street art project was inaugurated in July 2022 and is a joint effort by 19 artists. It can be found at Piazza degli Aragonesi. </p><p>The cathedral has a <a href="/wiki/Heliometer" title="Heliometer">heliometer</a> (solar observatory) dating to 1690, one of a number<sup id="cite_ref-ref1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> built in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The device itself is quite simple: a tiny hole in one of the minor domes acts as <a href="/wiki/Pinhole_camera" title="Pinhole camera">pinhole camera</a>, projecting an image of the sun onto the floor at <a href="/wiki/Noon" title="Noon">solar noon</a> (12:00 in winter, 13:00 in summer). There is a bronze line, <i><a href="/wiki/Meridian_(astronomy)" title="Meridian (astronomy)">la Meridiana</a></i>, on the floor, running precisely north–south. The ends of the line mark the positions as at the summer and winter <a href="/wiki/Solstice" title="Solstice">solstices</a>; <a href="/wiki/Zodiac" title="Zodiac">signs of the zodiac</a> show the various other dates throughout the year. </p><p>The purpose of the instrument was to standardise the measurement of <a href="/wiki/Time_in_physics" title="Time in physics">time</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">calendar</a>. The convention in Sicily had been that the (24‑hour) day was measured from the moment of dawn, which of course meant that no two locations had the same time and, more importantly, did not have the same time as in <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>. It was also important to know when the <a href="/wiki/Equinox" title="Equinox">vernal equinox</a> occurred, to provide the correct date for <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Orto_botanico_di_Palermo" title="Orto botanico di Palermo">Orto botanico di Palermo</a> (Palermo Botanical Garden), founded in 1785, is the largest in Italy with a surface of 10 ha (25 acres). </p><p>One site of interest is the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin" title="Order of Friars Minor Capuchin">Capuchin</a> <a href="/wiki/Capuchin_catacombs_of_Palermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Capuchin catacombs of Palermo">Catacombs</a>, with many <a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">mummified</a> <a href="/wiki/Cadaver" title="Cadaver">corpses</a> in varying degrees of preservation. </p><p>Close to the city is the 600 m-high (2,000 ft) <a href="/wiki/Monte_Pellegrino" class="mw-redirect" title="Monte Pellegrino">Monte Pellegrino</a>, offering a panorama of the city, its surrounding mountains and the sea. </p><p>Another good panoramic viewpoint is the promontory of Monte Gallo (586 m; 1,923 ft), near Mondello Beach.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moreton Bay fig of >30 m girth and of 32m height can be found on the Piazza Marina. This <a href="/wiki/Ficus_macrophylla" title="Ficus macrophylla">Ficus macrophylla</a> is most probably the thickest tree in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the boulevard <a href="/wiki/Via_Roma,_Palermo" title="Via Roma, Palermo">Via Roma</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_delle_Poste,_Palermo" title="Palazzo delle Poste, Palermo">Palazzo delle Poste</a>, an official Italian government building created during the <a href="/wiki/Mussolini_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Mussolini era">Mussolini era</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Stripped_Classicism" title="Stripped Classicism">stripped classicism</a> architectural style. It was designed by the <a href="/wiki/Rationalism_(architecture)" title="Rationalism (architecture)">rationalist</a> and later fascist government architect, <a href="/wiki/Angiolo_Mazzoni" title="Angiolo Mazzoni">Angiolo Mazzoni</a>. Perhaps its most famous feature is the five mural cycle in the <a href="/wiki/Futurist" title="Futurist">Futurist</a> style painted by the artist <a href="/wiki/Benedetta_Cappa" title="Benedetta Cappa">Benedetta Cappa</a> titled "Sintesi delle Comunicazioni" (Synthesis of Communication).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 450.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 448.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_0454_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Palermo_0454_2013.jpg/673px-Palermo_0454_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="449" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Palermo_0454_2013.jpg/1010px-Palermo_0454_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Palermo_0454_2013.jpg/1345px-Palermo_0454_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6407" data-file-height="1859" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_fontaine_de_la_honte_(Palerme)_(6877773882).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/La_fontaine_de_la_honte_%28Palerme%29_%286877773882%29.jpg/293px-La_fontaine_de_la_honte_%28Palerme%29_%286877773882%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/La_fontaine_de_la_honte_%28Palerme%29_%286877773882%29.jpg/440px-La_fontaine_de_la_honte_%28Palerme%29_%286877773882%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/La_fontaine_de_la_honte_%28Palerme%29_%286877773882%29.jpg/585px-La_fontaine_de_la_honte_%28Palerme%29_%286877773882%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 213.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 211.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_0579_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Palermo_0579_2013.jpg/330px-Palermo_0579_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Palermo_0579_2013.jpg/500px-Palermo_0579_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Palermo_0579_2013.jpg/960px-Palermo_0579_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7321" data-file-height="4855" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_0586_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Palermo_0586_2013.jpg/330px-Palermo_0586_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Palermo_0586_2013.jpg/500px-Palermo_0586_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Palermo_0586_2013.jpg/960px-Palermo_0586_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 99.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 97.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_0601_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Palermo_0601_2013.jpg/250px-Palermo_0601_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Palermo_0601_2013.jpg/330px-Palermo_0601_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3807" data-file-height="5488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_0461_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Palermo_0461_2013.jpg/210px-Palermo_0461_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Palermo_0461_2013.jpg/315px-Palermo_0461_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Palermo_0461_2013.jpg/420px-Palermo_0461_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4092" data-file-height="4092" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UNESCO_World_Heritage_Sites">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: UNESCO World Heritage Sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a> include the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Normanni" title="Palazzo dei Normanni">Palazzo Reale</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Cappella_Palatina" title="Cappella Palatina">Cappella Palatina</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_degli_Eremiti" title="San Giovanni degli Eremiti">Chiesa di San Giovanni degli Eremiti</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Martorana" class="mw-redirect" title="Martorana">Chiesa di Santa Maria dell’Ammiraglio</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_di_San_Cataldo" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiesa di San Cataldo">Chiesa di San Cataldo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Palermo_Cathedral" title="Palermo Cathedral">Cattedrale di Palermo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Zisa,_Palermo" title="Zisa, Palermo">Palazzo della Zisa</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ponte_dell%E2%80%99Ammiraglio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ponte dell’Ammiraglio (page does not exist)">Ponte dell’Ammiraglio</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_dell%27Ammiraglio" class="extiw" title="it:Ponte dell'Ammiraglio">it</a>]</sup>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adding to the list that makes Italy the country with most UNESCO world heritage sites.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">199,911</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1871 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">223,689</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">244,898</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">309,566</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">339,465</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+9.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">397,486</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">379,905</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">411,879</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1951 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">490,692</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1961 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">587,985</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+19.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1971 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">642,814</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1981 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">701,782</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1991 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">698,556</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2001 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">686,722</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">657,561</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−4.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">635,439</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.4%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Nazionale_di_Statistica" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Nazionale di Statistica">ISTAT</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2010, there were 1.2 million people living in the greater Palermo area, 655,875 of which resided in the City boundaries, of whom 47.4% were male and 52.6% were female. People under age 15 totalled 15.6% compared to pensioners who composed 17.2% of the population. This compares with the Italian average of 14.1% people under 15 years and 20.2% pensioners. The average age of a Palermo resident is 40.4 compared to the Italian average of 42.8. In the ten years between 2001 and 2010, the population of Palermo declined by 4.5%, while the population of Italy, as a whole, grew by 6.0%. The reason for Palermo's decline is a population flight to the suburbs, and to <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">Northern Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a> of Palermo is 10.2 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.3 births. </p><p>As of 2006<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 97.79% of the population was of <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italian</a> descent. The largest immigrant group came from <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> (mostly from <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> (Mostly <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamils" title="Sri Lankan Tamils">Tamils</a>)): 0.80%, other European countries (mostly from <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>): 0.3%, and North Africa (mostly from <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>): 0.28%.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>2019 largest resident foreign-born groups<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country of birth</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></td> <td>5,296 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></td> <td>3,394 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>3,171 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></td> <td>2,544 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td> <td>1,738 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></td> <td>1,048 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/40px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/60px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></td> <td>1,014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>973 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Mauritius.svg/60px-Flag_of_Mauritius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></td> <td>856 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/40px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/60px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></td> <td>588 </td></tr> <tr> <td>other countries</td> <td>each <588 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Palermo" title="History of Palermo">History of Palermo</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Palermo" title="Timeline of Palermo">Timeline of Palermo</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo-Museo-Archeologico-bjs-11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Palermo-Museo-Archeologico-bjs-11.jpg/150px-Palermo-Museo-Archeologico-bjs-11.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Palermo-Museo-Archeologico-bjs-11.jpg/225px-Palermo-Museo-Archeologico-bjs-11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Palermo-Museo-Archeologico-bjs-11.jpg/300px-Palermo-Museo-Archeologico-bjs-11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">cave art</a> at <a href="/wiki/Addaura" title="Addaura">Addaura</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Evidence of <a href="/wiki/Colonisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonisation">human settlement</a> in the area now known as Palermo goes back to at least the <a href="/wiki/Mesolithic" title="Mesolithic">Mesolithic</a> period, perhaps around <a href="/wiki/8th_millennium_BC" title="8th millennium BC">8000 BC</a>, where a group of cave drawings at nearby <a href="/wiki/Addaura" title="Addaura">Addaura</a> from that period have been found.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original inhabitants were <a href="/wiki/Sicani" title="Sicani">Sicani</a> people who, according to <a href="/wiki/Thucydides" title="Thucydides">Thucydides</a>, arrived from the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> (perhaps <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 8th c. BC the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicians</a> built a small settlement on the natural harbour of Palermo, which became known as <span title="Phoenician-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="phn-Latn">Ziz</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-it_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-it-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Punic_language" title="Punic language">Punic</a>: <span lang="xpu" dir="rtl">𐤑‬𐤉𐤑</span>, <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">ṢYṢ</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911877_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911877-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became one of the three main Phoenician colonies of Sicily, along with <a href="/wiki/Motya" title="Motya">Motya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soluntum" title="Soluntum">Soluntum</a>. </p><p>The first settlement was later known as <i>Paleapolis</i> meaning "Old City". The site chosen by the Phoenicians was connected to the mountains with two roads that today have become Via Cappuccini and Corso Pisani.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Neapolis</i> or "New City", the nucleus of the subsequent expansion of the colony, soon developed in the area between the Paleapolis and the port. The new district expanded rapidly, exceeding the size of the old quarter, and soon became the site of markets, artisan and commercial activities. The walls were extended to embrace the new urban perimeter and two new gates were made, while the old gate at the port was moved to make room for the new buildings. In total there were 4 gates, one on each side of the city. The walls followed the course of the two rivers that surround the city, the Kemonia and the Papireto, creating a natural moat and improving the military security of the city. During the Roman era they were reinforced.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cassaro district was probably named after the walls themselves; the word Cassaro deriving from the Arab <i>al-qaṣr</i> (castle, stronghold, see also <a href="/wiki/Alc%C3%A1zar" title="Alcázar">alcázar</a>). The colony developed around a central street (<a href="/wiki/Decumanus_maximus" class="mw-redirect" title="Decumanus maximus">decumanus</a>) now the Corso Vittorio Emanuele.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a> was Palermo's major trading partner under the Phoenicians and the city enjoyed a prolonged peace during this period.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Palermo came into contact with the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greeks</a> between the 6th and the 5th centuries BC which preceded the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Wars" title="Sicilian Wars">Sicilian Wars</a>, a conflict fought between the Greeks of <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a> and the Carthaginians for control over the island of Sicily. During this war the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">Greeks</a> named the settlement <i>Pánormos</i> or 'wide haven'<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to its large anchorage, from which the present name of the city developed. The Carthaginians began using the Greek name on the city's coinage from the 5th century<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham1982[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid0qAoqP4g1fECpgPA186_186–7]_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham1982[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid0qAoqP4g1fECpgPA186_186–7]-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was from Palermo that <a href="/wiki/Hamilcar_I_of_Carthage" title="Hamilcar I of Carthage">Hamilcar I</a>'s fleet (which was defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Himera_(480_BC)" title="Battle of Himera (480 BC)">Battle of Himera</a>) was launched.<sup id="cite_ref-bos_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bos-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 409 BC the city was looted by <a href="/wiki/Hermocrates" title="Hermocrates">Hermocrates</a> of <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a>. The Sicilian Wars ended in 265 BC when Syracuse allied with the Romans of Italy and pushed the Carthaginians off of the island during the <a href="/wiki/First_Punic_War" title="First Punic War">First Punic War</a>. In 276 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-bio_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhic_War" title="Pyrrhic War">Pyrrhic War</a>, Panormos briefly became a Greek colony after being conquered by <a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_of_Epirus" title="Pyrrhus of Epirus">Pyrrhus of Epirus</a>, but returned to Phoenician Carthage in 275 BC. In 254 BC Panormos was besieged and conquered by the Romans.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carthage attempted to reconquer Panormus in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Panormus" title="Battle of Panormus">Battle of Panormus</a> 250 BC but failed. </p><p>In Roman times luxurious residences were built and have been found in several locations (piazza Sett'Angeli, Palazzo Sclafani, piazza della Vittoria). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Panormus" title="Siege of Panormus">Siege of Panormus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Sicily">Emirate of Sicily</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo-San-Giovanni-bjs-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Palermo-San-Giovanni-bjs-2.jpg/250px-Palermo-San-Giovanni-bjs-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Palermo-San-Giovanni-bjs-2.jpg/330px-Palermo-San-Giovanni-bjs-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Palermo-San-Giovanni-bjs-2.jpg/500px-Palermo-San-Giovanni-bjs-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1028" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_degli_Eremiti" title="San Giovanni degli Eremiti">San Giovanni degli Eremiti</a>, a church showing elements of Byzantine, Arabic, and Norman architecture</figcaption></figure> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic tribes</a>. The first were the <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a> in 440 AD under the rule of their king <a href="/wiki/Geiseric" class="mw-redirect" title="Geiseric">Geiseric</a>. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force.<sup id="cite_ref-jpriv_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpriv-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They acquired <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogothic</a> conquest under <a href="/wiki/Theodoric_the_Great" title="Theodoric the Great">Theodoric the Great</a> began in 488; Theodoric supported <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_ancient_Rome" title="Culture of ancient Rome">Roman culture</a> and government unlike the Germanic Goths.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Gothic_War_(535%E2%80%93554)" title="Gothic War (535–554)">Gothic War</a> took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of <a href="/wiki/Belisarius" title="Belisarius">General Belisarius</a> who was commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_emperors" title="List of Byzantine emperors">Eastern Emperor</a>. In late 535 his Byzantine army of 7,500–9,000 and a fleet laid siege to the city in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Panormus" title="Siege of Panormus">Siege of Panormus</a>, which had refused to surrender unlike all the other Ostrogothic-held cities in Sicily, and eventually prevailed. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a> solidified his rule in the following years.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-byz_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byz-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chapelle_Palatine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Chapelle_Palatine.jpg/250px-Chapelle_Palatine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Chapelle_Palatine.jpg/330px-Chapelle_Palatine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Chapelle_Palatine.jpg/500px-Chapelle_Palatine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cappella_Palatina" title="Cappella Palatina">Cappella Palatina</a>, decorated with Byzantine, Arabic and Norman elements</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arabs</a> took control of Palermo and most of Sicily in 831, and the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Sicily">Emirate of Sicily</a> was established, though other cities persisted as Byzantine holdouts until as late as 965.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> rule in Palermo lasted for about 240 years.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (November 2015)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Palermo (<i>Bal'harm</i> during Arab rule) displaced <a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a> as the capital of Sicily. It was said to have then begun to compete with <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> in terms of importance and splendor.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For more than a hundred years Palermo was the capital of a flourishing <a href="/wiki/Emirate" title="Emirate">emirate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Arabs also <a href="/wiki/Arab_Agricultural_Revolution" title="Arab Agricultural Revolution">introduced many agricultural crops</a> which remain a mainstay of <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian cuisine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jpriv_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpriv-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muqarnas_%C3%A0_lint%C3%A9rieur_de_la_Cuba_(Palerme)_(7034575397).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Muqarnas_%C3%A0_lint%C3%A9rieur_de_la_Cuba_%28Palerme%29_%287034575397%29.jpg/250px-Muqarnas_%C3%A0_lint%C3%A9rieur_de_la_Cuba_%28Palerme%29_%287034575397%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Muqarnas_%C3%A0_lint%C3%A9rieur_de_la_Cuba_%28Palerme%29_%287034575397%29.jpg/330px-Muqarnas_%C3%A0_lint%C3%A9rieur_de_la_Cuba_%28Palerme%29_%287034575397%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Muqarnas_%C3%A0_lint%C3%A9rieur_de_la_Cuba_%28Palerme%29_%287034575397%29.jpg/500px-Muqarnas_%C3%A0_lint%C3%A9rieur_de_la_Cuba_%28Palerme%29_%287034575397%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arabesque" title="Arabesque">Arabesque</a> on a wall of the <a href="/wiki/Cuba_Palace" title="Cuba Palace">Cuba Palace</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After dynastic quarrels however, there was a <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Norman conquest</a> in 1072. Normans conquered Palermo after a long siege. Indeed, the feat proved difficult because the Normans had never besieged such a populous city with such powerful walls. After 5 months siege, Normans built numerous stairs and war machines and finally conquered the city.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family who returned the city to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> were called the <a href="/wiki/Hauteville_family" title="Hauteville family">Hautevilles</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Robert_Guiscard" title="Robert Guiscard">Robert Guiscard</a> and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives.<sup id="cite_ref-stan_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stan-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was under his nephew <a href="/wiki/Roger_II_of_Sicily" title="Roger II of Sicily">Roger II of Sicily</a> that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian Peninsula</a> were promoted from the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Sicily" title="County of Sicily">County of Sicily</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a>. The kingdom's capital was Palermo, with the King's Court held at the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Normanni" title="Palazzo dei Normanni">Palazzo dei Normanni</a>. Much construction was undertaken during this period, such as the building of <a href="/wiki/Palermo_Cathedral" title="Palermo Cathedral">Palermo Cathedral</a>. The Kingdom of Sicily became one of the wealthiest states in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thanks to the marriage between <a href="/wiki/Constance_I_of_Sicily" title="Constance I of Sicily">Constance, Queen of Sicily</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, Palermo and the whole Sicily was inherited by their son <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a>, who became King of Sicily in 1198 and Holy Roman Emperor in 1220. Palermo was the capital of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II</a>'s vast empire and also his favorite city. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Frederick's rule. After an interval of <a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Angevin</a> rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragon</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_of_Barcelona" title="County of Barcelona">Barcelona</a> dynasties. By 1330, Palermo's population had declined to 51,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Long_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Long-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern_era">Early modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Early modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piazza_Bologni_-_Carlo_V,_Albergaria,_Palermo,_Sicily,_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Piazza_Bologni_-_Carlo_V%2C_Albergaria%2C_Palermo%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Piazza_Bologni_-_Carlo_V%2C_Albergaria%2C_Palermo%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Piazza_Bologni_-_Carlo_V%2C_Albergaria%2C_Palermo%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Piazza_Bologni_-_Carlo_V%2C_Albergaria%2C_Palermo%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Piazza_Bologni_-_Carlo_V%2C_Albergaria%2C_Palermo%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Piazza_Bologni_-_Carlo_V%2C_Albergaria%2C_Palermo%2C_Sicily%2C_Italy_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_V_Monument_(Palermo)" title="Charles V Monument (Palermo)">Charles V Monument</a> (1631) commemorating the monarch's visit in Palermo in 1535</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1479 until 1713 Palermo was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Spain">Kingdom of Spain</a>, and again between 1717 and 1718. Palermo was also under <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a> control between 1713 and 1717 and 1718–1720 as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a>. It was ruled by <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> between 1720 and 1734. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Two_Sicilies">Two Sicilies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Two Sicilies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Utrecht">Treaty of Utrecht</a> (1713), Sicily was handed over to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a>, but by 1734 it was in <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a> possession. <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III</a> chose Palermo for his coronation as <a href="/wiki/King_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Sicily">King of Sicily</a>. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, Palermo had become just another provincial city as the Royal Court resided in Naples. Charles' son <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I_of_Two_Sicilies" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand I of Two Sicilies">Ferdinand</a>, though disliked by the population, took refuge in Palermo after the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> in 1798. His son <a href="/wiki/Prince_Alberto_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Prince Alberto of Naples and Sicily">Alberto</a> died on the way to Palermo and is buried in the city. </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a> was founded, the original capital city was Palermo (1816) but a year later moved to <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanesi_-_La_rivoluzione_di_Palermo-12_gennaio_1848_-_ca._1850.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Sanesi_-_La_rivoluzione_di_Palermo-12_gennaio_1848_-_ca._1850.jpg/250px-Sanesi_-_La_rivoluzione_di_Palermo-12_gennaio_1848_-_ca._1850.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Sanesi_-_La_rivoluzione_di_Palermo-12_gennaio_1848_-_ca._1850.jpg/330px-Sanesi_-_La_rivoluzione_di_Palermo-12_gennaio_1848_-_ca._1850.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Sanesi_-_La_rivoluzione_di_Palermo-12_gennaio_1848_-_ca._1850.jpg/500px-Sanesi_-_La_rivoluzione_di_Palermo-12_gennaio_1848_-_ca._1850.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption>The revolution in Palermo (12 January 1848)</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by upheavals, which culminated on 12 January 1848, with a <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_revolution_of_1848" title="Sicilian revolution of 1848">popular insurrection</a>, the first one in Europe that year, led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_La_Masa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe La Masa (page does not exist)">Giuseppe La Masa</a>. A parliament and constitution were proclaimed. The first president was <a href="/wiki/Ruggero_Settimo" title="Ruggero Settimo">Ruggero Settimo</a>. The Bourbons reconquered Palermo in 1849, and it remained under their rule until the <a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_the_Thousand" title="Expedition of the Thousand">Expedition of the Thousand</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>, conquered the city after the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Palermo" title="Siege of Palermo">Siege of Palermo</a> in May 1860. After the <a href="/wiki/Plebiscite" class="mw-redirect" title="Plebiscite">plebiscite</a> later that year Palermo, along with the rest of Sicily, became part of the new <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> (1861). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_unification">Italian unification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Italian unification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giuseppe_Garibaldi_entering_Palermo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Giuseppe_Garibaldi_entering_Palermo.jpg/250px-Giuseppe_Garibaldi_entering_Palermo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Giuseppe_Garibaldi_entering_Palermo.jpg/330px-Giuseppe_Garibaldi_entering_Palermo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Giuseppe_Garibaldi_entering_Palermo.jpg/500px-Giuseppe_Garibaldi_entering_Palermo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> entering Palermo on 27 May 1860</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_-_panoramio_(22).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Palermo_-_panoramio_%2822%29.jpg/250px-Palermo_-_panoramio_%2822%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Palermo_-_panoramio_%2822%29.jpg/330px-Palermo_-_panoramio_%2822%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Palermo_-_panoramio_%2822%29.jpg/500px-Palermo_-_panoramio_%2822%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>The historic <a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel_et_des_Palmes" title="Grand Hotel et des Palmes">Grand Hotel et des Palmes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of <a href="/wiki/Sicilians" title="Sicilians">Sicilians</a> preferred independence to annexation to the Savoy kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a> was declared.<sup id="cite_ref-Riall1998_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riall1998-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Italian government blamed <a href="/wiki/Anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist">anarchists</a> and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo, for the rebellion and began enacting anti-Sicilian and anti-clerical policies.<sup id="cite_ref-Riall1998_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riall1998-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new cultural, economic and industrial growth was spurred by several families, like the <a href="/wiki/Florio" class="mw-redirect" title="Florio">Florio</a>, the Ducrot, the <a href="/wiki/Rutelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutelli">Rutelli</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandron (page does not exist)">Sandron</a>, the Whitaker, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Utveggio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utveggio (page does not exist)">Utveggio</a>, and others. In the early twentieth century, Palermo expanded outside the old city walls, mostly to the north along the new boulevards <i>Via Roma</i>, <i>Via Dante</i>, <i>Via Notarbartolo</i>, and <i>Viale della Libertà</i>. These roads would soon boast a huge number of villas in the <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> style. Many of these were designed by the architect <a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Basile" title="Ernesto Basile">Ernesto Basile</a>. The Grand Hotel <a href="/wiki/Villa_Igiea" title="Villa Igiea">Villa Igiea</a>, designed by Ernesto Basile for the <a href="/wiki/Florio" class="mw-redirect" title="Florio">Florio</a> family, is a good example of Palermitan Art Nouveau. The huge <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Massimo" title="Teatro Massimo">Teatro Massimo</a> was designed in the same period by <a href="/wiki/Giovan_Battista_Filippo_Basile" title="Giovan Battista Filippo Basile">Giovan Battista Filippo Basile</a>, Ernesto's father, and built by the Rutelli & Machì building firm of the industrial and old <a href="/wiki/Rutelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutelli">Rutelli</a> Italian family in Palermo, and was opened in 1897. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_second_world_war">The second world war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: The second world war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, Palermo was heavily bombed by the Allied air forces in 1942 and 1943, until its capture during the <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a> on 22 July 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The harbour (main objective of the air attacks) and the surrounding quarters were effectively destroyed, as was a considerable part of the city, with heavy civilian casualties.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When American troops entered Palermo in 1943 they were greeted with "a thunderous welcome by what seemed the entire population demonstrating their feelings about Fascist rule." The two captured Italian generals claimed that they were happy because in their view "the Sicilians were not human beings but animals".<sup id="cite_ref-D'Este1988_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D'Este1988-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anti-Sicilian prejudice was part of the fascist regime's world view, being promoted by pro-fascist newspapers, particularly in the north of Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_Republic_and_today">Italian Republic and today</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Italian Republic and today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1946, the city was declared the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Regional_Assembly" title="Sicilian Regional Assembly">Regional Parliament</a>, as capital of a Special Status Region (1947) whose seat is in the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_dei_Normanni" title="Palazzo dei Normanni">Palazzo dei Normanni</a>. </p><p>In 1948, the element <a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Technetium</a> was discovered in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Palermo" title="University of Palermo">University of Palermo</a>. </p><p>A theme in the city's modern age has been the struggle against the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia" title="Sicilian Mafia">Sicilian Mafia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_Brigades" title="Red Brigades">Red Brigades</a> and outlaws such as <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Giuliano" title="Salvatore Giuliano">Salvatore Giuliano</a>, who controlled the neighbouring area of <a href="/wiki/Montelepre" title="Montelepre">Montelepre</a>. The Italian state effectively has had to share control of the territory, economically and administratively, with the Mafia. </p><p>The "<a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Palermo" title="Sack of Palermo">Sack of Palermo</a>" was one of the dramatic consequences of this problem. This popular term refers to the <a href="/wiki/Speculation" title="Speculation">speculative</a> building practices that resulted in the destruction of a great number of historical buildings and green areas in favour of poor buildings, mainly between the 1950s and the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities, especially Palermo, which swelled in size, leading to rapid expansion towards the north. The regulatory plans for expansion was largely ignored in the boom. New parts of town appeared almost out of nowhere, but without parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city. </p><p>The Cosa Nostra has traditionally been the most powerful group in Palermo.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> article in July 2019 indicated that <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia" title="Sicilian Mafia">Sicilian Mafia</a> activity in Palermo was particularly notorious in one area: the town of Passo Rigano. "According to Italian police, the Mafia not only engages in extortion there, but also has a large role in the town's legal economy – with its involvement in business such as wholesale food supplies, online betting and gambling." The police investigation at the time also confirmed strong links between the Palermo area mafia and American organized crime, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Gambino_crime_family" title="Gambino crime family">Gambino crime family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/La_Repubblica" title="La Repubblica">La Repubblica</a>, "Off they go, through the streets of Passo di Rigano, Boccadifalco, Torretta and at the same time, Brooklyn, Staten Island, New Jersey. Because from Sicily to the US, the old mafia has returned".<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Patron_saints">Patron saints</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Patron saints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GenioPalermoMarabitti.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/GenioPalermoMarabitti.JPG/220px-GenioPalermoMarabitti.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/GenioPalermoMarabitti.JPG/330px-GenioPalermoMarabitti.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/GenioPalermoMarabitti.JPG/440px-GenioPalermoMarabitti.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Genius_of_Palermo" title="Genius of Palermo">Genius of Palermo</a>, the ancient patron of the city</figcaption></figure> <p>The patron saint of Palermo is <a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Saint Rosalia</a>, who is widely revered.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 July, people in Palermo celebrate the annual <i>Festino</i>, the most important religious event of the year. The Festino is a procession that goes through the main street of Palermo to commemorate the miracle attributed to Saint Rosalia who, it is believed, freed the city from the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> in 1624. Her remains were discovered in a cave on Monte Pellegrino, and her remains were carried around the city three times, banishing the plague. There is a <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary" title="Sanctuary">sanctuary</a> marking the spot where her remains were found which can be reached via a scenic bus ride from the city. </p><p>Before 1624 Palermo had four <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saints</a>, one for each of the four major parts of the city. They were <a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Saint Agatha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Christina_of_Bolsena" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Christina of Bolsena">Saint Christina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tryphon,_Respicius,_and_Nympha" title="Tryphon, Respicius, and Nympha">Saint Nympha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Olivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Olivia">Saint Olivia</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Saint Lucy</a> is also honoured with a celebration on 13 December, during which the inhabitants of Palermo do not eat anything made with flour, but boil wheat in its natural state and use it to prepare a special dish called <a href="/wiki/Cucc%C3%ACa" title="Cuccìa">cuccìa</a>. This commemorates the saving of the city from famine due to a miracle attributed to Saint Lucy; A ship full of grain mysteriously arrived in the city's harbour and the hungry population wasted no time in making flour but ate the grain as it arrived. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Saint_Benedict_the_Moor" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Benedict the Moor">Saint Benedict the Moor</a> is the heavenly protector of the city of Palermo. </p><p>The ancient patron of the city was the <a href="/wiki/Genius_of_Palermo" title="Genius of Palermo">Genius of Palermo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genius_loci" title="Genius loci">genius loci</a> and <a href="/wiki/Numen" title="Numen">numen</a> protector of the place, that became the secular patron of the modern Palermo.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadio_R_Barbera.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Stadio_R_Barbera.JPG/250px-Stadio_R_Barbera.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Stadio_R_Barbera.JPG/330px-Stadio_R_Barbera.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Stadio_R_Barbera.JPG/500px-Stadio_R_Barbera.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stadio_Renzo_Barbera" title="Stadio Renzo Barbera">Stadio Renzo Barbera</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Palermo hosts a professional football team, <a href="/wiki/Palermo_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo F.C.">Palermo Football Club</a>, commonly referred to as simply Palermo, who currently compete in <a href="/wiki/Serie_B" title="Serie B">Serie B</a> as of 2022, having been excluded from <a href="/wiki/Serie_B" title="Serie B">Serie B</a> after the 2018–2019 season. After the bankruptcy occurred in the summer of 2019, a new club was formed by the company Hera Hora Srl. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Targa_Florio" title="Targa Florio">Targa Florio</a> was an open road endurance car race held near Palermo. Founded in 1906, it used to be one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Sports_car_racing" title="Sports car racing">sports car racing</a> events until it was discontinued in 1977 due to safety concerns but has since run as a rallying event. Palermo was home to the grand depart of the 2008 <a href="/wiki/Giro_d%27Italia" title="Giro d'Italia">Giro d'Italia</a>. The initial stage was a 28.5 km-long (17.7 mi) TTT (<a href="/wiki/Team_time_trial" title="Team time trial">Team Time Trial</a>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Internazionali_Femminili_di_Palermo" class="mw-redirect" title="Internazionali Femminili di Palermo">Internazionali Femminili di Palermo</a> is an annual ladies professional tennis event held in the city, which is part of the <a href="/wiki/WTA_Tour" title="WTA Tour">WTA Tour</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> team is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eagles_United_Palermo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eagles United Palermo (page does not exist)">Eagles United Palermo</a> and it plays in stadium of <a href="/wiki/Carini" title="Carini">Carini</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_emblems">City emblems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: City emblems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Flag">Flag</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Flag"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The flag of Palermo is similar to that of the autonomous region of Sicily, but with a different arrangement of colours. The flag displayed on the Palazzo Pretorio, the town hall, has no coat of arms. However, versions with coats of arms of variable appearance in the center have been observed; for example, around the 1950s or 1960s the flag bore the civic coat of arms form <i>Il Blasone in Sicilia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Palermo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag"><img alt="Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Palermo.svg/120px-Flag_of_Palermo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Palermo.svg/180px-Flag_of_Palermo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Palermo.svg/240px-Flag_of_Palermo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Flag</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Palermo_(Variant).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Another flag in use"><img alt="Another flag in use" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Palermo_%28Variant%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Palermo_%28Variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Palermo_%28Variant%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Palermo_%28Variant%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Another flag in use</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Coat_of_arms">Coat of arms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Coat of arms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The coat of arms consists of a shield with a red background, stamped by the crown of the city, in the center of which there is a gold-colored eagle with open wings holding in its claws the legend bearing the initials "S.P.Q.P.".<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo-Stemma-3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms from Il Blasone in Sicilia (1871–1875)"><img alt="Coat of arms from Il Blasone in Sicilia (1871–1875)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Palermo-Stemma-3.svg/120px-Palermo-Stemma-3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Palermo-Stemma-3.svg/250px-Palermo-Stemma-3.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="714" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coat of arms from <i>Il Blasone in Sicilia</i> (1871–1875)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo-Stemma-2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Another coat of arms from Il Blasone in Sicilia (1871–1875)"><img alt="Another coat of arms from Il Blasone in Sicilia (1871–1875)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Palermo-Stemma-2.svg/103px-Palermo-Stemma-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Palermo-Stemma-2.svg/154px-Palermo-Stemma-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Palermo-Stemma-2.svg/205px-Palermo-Stemma-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="598" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Another coat of arms from <i>Il Blasone in Sicilia</i> (1871–1875)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo-Stemma_(Damiani_Almeyda_-_1891).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms used between 1891 and 1999"><img alt="Coat of arms used between 1891 and 1999" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Palermo-Stemma_%28Damiani_Almeyda_-_1891%29.svg/120px-Palermo-Stemma_%28Damiani_Almeyda_-_1891%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Palermo-Stemma_%28Damiani_Almeyda_-_1891%29.svg/250px-Palermo-Stemma_%28Damiani_Almeyda_-_1891%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="701" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coat of arms used between 1891 and 1999</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo-Stemma_(DCG_18_Maggio_1942).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms with the chief of the lictor, according to the official decree of recognition of 1942"><img alt="Stemma con capo del Littorio, come da decreto di riconoscimento" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Palermo-Stemma_%28DCG_18_Maggio_1942%29.svg/94px-Palermo-Stemma_%28DCG_18_Maggio_1942%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Palermo-Stemma_%28DCG_18_Maggio_1942%29.svg/141px-Palermo-Stemma_%28DCG_18_Maggio_1942%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Palermo-Stemma_%28DCG_18_Maggio_1942%29.svg/189px-Palermo-Stemma_%28DCG_18_Maggio_1942%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coat of arms with the chief of the lictor, according to the official decree of recognition of 1942</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo-Stemma_(1999).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms in use since 1999"><img alt="Coat of arms in use since 1999" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Palermo-Stemma_%281999%29.svg/94px-Palermo-Stemma_%281999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Palermo-Stemma_%281999%29.svg/140px-Palermo-Stemma_%281999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Palermo-Stemma_%281999%29.svg/187px-Palermo-Stemma_%281999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="656" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coat of arms in use since 1999</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy_and_infrastructure">Economy and infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Economy and infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mondello_palermo2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Mondello_palermo2.jpg/250px-Mondello_palermo2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Mondello_palermo2.jpg/330px-Mondello_palermo2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Mondello_palermo2.jpg/500px-Mondello_palermo2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The Mondello Beach, one of the main tourist destinations</figcaption></figure> <p>As Sicily's administrative capital, Palermo is a centre for much of the region's finance, tourism and commerce. The city currently hosts an <a href="/wiki/Palermo_Airport" title="Palermo Airport">international airport</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Palermo's <a href="/wiki/Economic_growth" title="Economic growth">economic growth</a> over the years has brought the opening of many new businesses. The economy mainly relies on tourism and <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">services</a>, but also has commerce, shipbuilding and agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-bcglocations.com_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcglocations.com-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city, however, still has high unemployment levels, high corruption and a significant <a href="/wiki/Black_market" title="Black market">black market</a> empire (Palermo being the home of the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia" title="Sicilian Mafia">Sicilian Mafia</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Palermo has a local railway called the <a href="/wiki/Palermo_metropolitan_railway_service" title="Palermo metropolitan railway service">Palermo metropolitan railway service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Punta_Raisi_staz_ferr_treni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Punta_Raisi_staz_ferr_treni.jpg/250px-Punta_Raisi_staz_ferr_treni.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Punta_Raisi_staz_ferr_treni.jpg/330px-Punta_Raisi_staz_ferr_treni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Punta_Raisi_staz_ferr_treni.jpg/500px-Punta_Raisi_staz_ferr_treni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>Trains at <a href="/wiki/Punta_Raisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Punta Raisi">Punta Raisi</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buses">Buses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Buses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Palermo's public bus system is operated by AMAT<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which covers a net area of 340 km (211 mi). About 90 different routes reach every part of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trams">Trams</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Trams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Palermo" title="Trams in Palermo">Trams in Palermo</a></div> <p>Palermo has a public <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">tram</a> system finalized in 2015 and operated by AMAT. There are 4 lines: </p> <ol><li>Roccella — Central Station</li> <li>Borgo Nuovo — Notarbartolo Station</li> <li>CEP — Notarbartolo Station</li> <li>Corso Calatafimi — Notarbartolo Station</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coaches">Coaches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Coaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The local coach company, AST,<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with its coaches totalling 35 lines, links Palermo to all of the main cities in Sicily. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palermo_Public_Transportation_Statistics">Palermo Public Transportation Statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Palermo Public Transportation Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Palermo, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 63 min. 14.% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 23 min, while 48% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 4.4 km, while 3% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autostrada_A20_Torregrotta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Autostrada_A20_Torregrotta.jpg/220px-Autostrada_A20_Torregrotta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Autostrada_A20_Torregrotta.jpg/330px-Autostrada_A20_Torregrotta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Autostrada_A20_Torregrotta.jpg/440px-Autostrada_A20_Torregrotta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A20_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A20 (Italy)">A20</a> that connects Palermo to <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Palermo is a key intersection on the Sicilian road network, being the junction between the eastern <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A19_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A19 (Italy)">A19</a> <a href="/wiki/Motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorway">motorway</a> to <a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a>, the southeastern <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A29_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A29 (Italy)">A29</a> to <a href="/wiki/Palermo_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo International Airport">airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mazara_del_Vallo" title="Mazara del Vallo">Mazara del Vallo</a> and the southwestern <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A19_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A19 (Italy)">A19</a> to <a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A20_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A20 (Italy)">A20</a> to <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a>. Palermo is one of the main cities on <a href="/wiki/European_route_E90" title="European route E90">European route E90</a>. The three main national roads starting from Palermo are the SS113, SS121, SS186 and the SS624. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Palermo_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo International Airport">Palermo International Airport</a>, known as Falcone-Borsellino Airport (formerly Punta Raisi Airport), is located fews kilometres west of Palermo in <a href="/wiki/Cinisi" title="Cinisi">Cinisi</a>. It is dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Falcone" title="Giovanni Falcone">Giovanni Falcone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Borsellino" title="Paolo Borsellino">Paolo Borsellino</a>, two anti-mafia judges killed by the Mafia in the early 1990s. </p><p>The airport's rail facility, known as <a href="/wiki/Punta_Raisi_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Punta Raisi railway station">Punta Raisi railway station</a>, can be reached from <a href="/wiki/Palermo_Centrale_railway_station" title="Palermo Centrale railway station">Palermo Centrale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palermo_Notarbartolo_railway_station" title="Palermo Notarbartolo railway station">Palermo Notarbartolo</a> and Palermo Francia railway stations. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Palermo-Boccadifalco_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo-Boccadifalco Airport">Palermo-Boccadifalco Airport</a> is the second airport of the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Port">Port</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Port"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Porto_e_bacini_palermo_dall%27alto.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Porto_e_bacini_palermo_dall%27alto.JPG/250px-Porto_e_bacini_palermo_dall%27alto.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Porto_e_bacini_palermo_dall%27alto.JPG/330px-Porto_e_bacini_palermo_dall%27alto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Porto_e_bacini_palermo_dall%27alto.JPG/500px-Porto_e_bacini_palermo_dall%27alto.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Palermo" title="Port of Palermo">port of Palermo</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_0538.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Palermo_0538.jpg/220px-Palermo_0538.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Palermo_0538.jpg/330px-Palermo_0538.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Palermo_0538.jpg/440px-Palermo_0538.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="3861" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Palermo" title="Port of Palermo">port of Palermo</a>, founded by the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenicians">Phoenicians</a> over 2,700 years ago, is, together with the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Messina" title="Port of Messina">port of Messina</a>, the main port of Sicily. From here <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferries</a> link Palermo to <a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a> and other cities and carry a total of almost 2 million passengers annually. It is also an important port for cruise ships. Traffic includes also almost 5<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> t (5.5<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> short tons) of cargo and 80,000 <a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">TEUs</a> yearly.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The port also has links to minor Sicilian islands such as <a href="/wiki/Ustica" title="Ustica">Ustica</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Islands" title="Aeolian Islands">Aeolian Islands</a> (via <a href="/wiki/Cefal%C3%B9" title="Cefalù">Cefalù</a> in summer). Inside the Port of Palermo there is a section known as "tourist marina" for sailing yachts and catamarans. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 428px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 426px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_0421_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Palermo_0421_2013.jpg/639px-Palermo_0421_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="426" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Palermo_0421_2013.jpg/959px-Palermo_0421_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Palermo_0421_2013.jpg/1277px-Palermo_0421_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7223" data-file-height="1868" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 336.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 334.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palermo_0436_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Palermo_0436_2013.jpg/502px-Palermo_0436_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="335" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Palermo_0436_2013.jpg/754px-Palermo_0436_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Palermo_0436_2013.jpg/1003px-Palermo_0436_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7135" data-file-height="2348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_rail">National rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: National rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main railway station of Palermo is <a href="/wiki/Palermo_Centrale_railway_station" title="Palermo Centrale railway station">Palermo Centrale</a> which links to the other cities of Sicily, including <a href="/wiki/Agrigento" title="Agrigento">Agrigento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a>, and through <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Messina" title="Strait of Messina">strait</a> to the rest of Italy. The railways also connect to the <a href="/wiki/Palermo_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo International Airport">Palermo airport</a> with departures every thirty minutes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Facolt%C3%A0_di_Ingegneria_Palermo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Facolt%C3%A0_di_Ingegneria_Palermo.JPG/250px-Facolt%C3%A0_di_Ingegneria_Palermo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Facolt%C3%A0_di_Ingegneria_Palermo.JPG/330px-Facolt%C3%A0_di_Ingegneria_Palermo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Facolt%C3%A0_di_Ingegneria_Palermo.JPG/500px-Facolt%C3%A0_di_Ingegneria_Palermo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Palermo" title="University of Palermo">University of Palermo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The local university is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Palermo" title="University of Palermo">University of Palermo</a>, the island's second oldest university. It was officially founded in 1806, although historical records indicate that medicine and law have been taught there since the late 15th century. The <a href="/wiki/Orto_botanico_di_Palermo" title="Orto botanico di Palermo">Orto botanico di Palermo</a> (Palermo botanical gardens) is home to the university's Department of Botany and is also open to visitors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Italy" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy">List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Palermo is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 16em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia"><img alt="Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Bizerte</a>, Tunisia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo"><img alt="Democratic Republic of the Congo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/31px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bukavu" title="Bukavu">Bukavu</a>, DR of the Congo</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast"><img alt="Ivory Coast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/40px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/60px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Grand-Bassam" title="Grand-Bassam">Grand-Bassam</a>, Ivory Coast</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Vietnam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/40px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/60px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, Vietnam</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine"><img alt="Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/40px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/60px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis" title="Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a>, Palestine</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Monterey,_California" title="Monterey, California">Monterey</a>, United States</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><img alt="Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, Canada</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Palermo,_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo, Argentina">Palermo</a>, Argentina</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia"><img alt="Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Palermo,_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo, Colombia">Palermo</a>, Colombia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pistoia" title="Pistoia">Pistoia</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a>, Russia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/60px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a>, Cuba</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sestu" title="Sestu">Sestu</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, Georgia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a>, Romania</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta"><img alt="Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/23px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/35px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/45px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, Malta</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a>, Russia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sekondi-Takoradi" title="Sekondi-Takoradi">Sekondi-Takoradi</a>, Ghana</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleonora_Abbagnato" title="Eleonora Abbagnato">Eleonora Abbagnato</a> (born 1978), ballet dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simonetta_Agnello_Hornby" title="Simonetta Agnello Hornby">Simonetta Agnello Hornby</a> (born 1945), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerico_Amari" title="Emerico Amari">Emerico Amari</a> (1810–1870), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_And%C3%B2" title="Roberto Andò">Roberto Andò</a> (born 1959), film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vito_Artale" title="Vito Artale">Vito Artale</a> (1882–1944), general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucio_Maria_Attinelli" title="Lucio Maria Attinelli">Lucio Maria Attinelli</a> (born 1933), journalist and writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldo,_Giovanni_%26_Giacomo" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldo, Giovanni & Giacomo">Aldo Baglio</a> (born 1958), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Ballo" title="Pietro Ballo">Pietro Ballo</a> (born 1952), tenor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Balotelli" title="Mario Balotelli">Mario Balotelli</a> (born 1990), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Bardi" title="Mario Bardi">Mario Bardi</a> (1922–1998), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Basile" title="Ernesto Basile">Ernesto Basile</a> (1857–1932), architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letizia_Battaglia" title="Letizia Battaglia">Letizia Battaglia</a> (1935–2022), photographer, photojournalist and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Beneventano_del_Bosco" title="Ferdinando Beneventano del Bosco">Ferdinando Beneventano del Bosco</a> (1813–1881), general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Benigno" title="Francesco Benigno">Francesco Benigno</a> (born 1967), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Bordonali" title="Alfredo Bordonali">Alfredo Bordonali</a> (born 1919), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Borsellino" title="Paolo Borsellino">Paolo Borsellino</a> (1940–1992), judge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Briguglia" title="Paolo Briguglia">Paolo Briguglia</a> (born 1974), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Bruni" title="Gabriele Bruni">Gabriele Bruni</a> (born 1974), sailor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Maria_Burruano" title="Luigi Maria Burruano">Luigi Maria Burruano</a> (1948–2017), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Buscetta" title="Tommaso Buscetta">Tommaso Buscetta</a> (1928–2000), <a href="/wiki/Pentito" title="Pentito">pentito</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia" title="Sicilian Mafia">Sicilian Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lando_Buzzanca" title="Lando Buzzanca">Lando Buzzanca</a> (1935–2022), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Cagliostro" title="Alessandro Cagliostro">Alessandro Cagliostro</a> (1743–1795), <a href="/wiki/Magician_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magician (paranormal)">magician (paranormal)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adventure" title="Adventure">adventurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Caliva" title="Phil Caliva">Phil Caliva</a> (born 1945), American racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislao_Cannizzaro" title="Stanislao Cannizzaro">Stanislao Cannizzaro</a> (1826–1910), chemist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selene_Caramazza" title="Selene Caramazza">Selene Caramazza</a> (born 1993), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Caruso" title="Bruno Caruso">Bruno Caruso</a> (1927–2018), painter, illustrator, graphic designer and political activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pino_Caruso" title="Pino Caruso">Pino Caruso</a> (1934–2019), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Cecchinato" title="Marco Cecchinato">Marco Cecchinato</a> (born 1992), tennis player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Celesia" title="Michelangelo Celesia">Michelangelo Celesia</a> (1814-1904), Italian cardinal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Cin%C3%A0" title="Federico Cinà">Federico Cinà</a> (born 2007), tennis player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniele_Cipr%C3%AC" title="Daniele Ciprì">Daniele Ciprì</a> (born 1962), film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Crivello" title="Max Crivello">Max Crivello</a> (born 1958), illustrator and painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Dalmazio" title="Miriam Dalmazio">Miriam Dalmazio</a> (born 1987), actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_D%27Avenia" title="Alessandro D'Avenia">Alessandro D'Avenia</a> (born 1977), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Di_Vittorio" title="Salvatore Di Vittorio">Salvatore Di Vittorio</a> (born 1967), composer and conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Duro" title="Angelo Duro">Angelo Duro</a> (born 1982), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepi_Fabbiano" title="Pepi Fabbiano">Pepi Fabbiano</a>, astrophysicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Falcone" title="Giovanni Falcone">Giovanni Falcone</a> (1939–1992), judge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Ferrera" title="Vincenzo Ferrera">Vincenzo Ferrera</a> (born 1973), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ficarra_e_Picone" title="Ficarra e Picone">Salvatore Ficarra</a> (born 1971), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Flores" title="Luca Flores">Luca Flores</a> (1956–1995), pianist and composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Florio_Jr." title="Ignazio Florio Jr.">Ignazio Florio Jr.</a> (1869–1957), entrepreneur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Florio_Sr." title="Ignazio Florio Sr.">Ignazio Florio Sr.</a> (1838–1891), entrepreneur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Florio" title="Vincenzo Florio">Vincenzo Florio</a> (1883–1959), entrepreneur, heir of the rich <a href="/wiki/Florio_family" title="Florio family">Florio family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrado_Fortuna" title="Corrado Fortuna">Corrado Fortuna</a> (born 1978), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Franchi" title="Franco Franchi">Franco Franchi</a> (1928–1992), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pia_Giancaro" title="Pia Giancaro">Pia Giancaro</a> (born 1950), Italian retired actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Gio%C3%A8" title="Claudio Gioè">Claudio Gioè</a> (born 1975), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippa_Giordano" title="Filippa Giordano">Filippa Giordano</a> (born 1974), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Giordano" title="Laura Giordano">Laura Giordano</a> (born 1979), <a href="/wiki/Lyric_soprano" title="Lyric soprano">lyric soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Glaviano" title="Marco Glaviano">Marco Glaviano</a> (born 1942), photographer and architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libero_Grassi" title="Libero Grassi">Libero Grassi</a> (1924–1991), businessman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Guadagnino" title="Luca Guadagnino">Luca Guadagnino</a> (born 1971), film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciccio_Ingrassia" title="Ciccio Ingrassia">Ciccio Ingrassia</a> (1922–2003), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beniamino_Iraci" title="Beniamino Iraci">Beniamino Iraci</a> (born 1989), professional football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_La_Malfa" title="Ugo La Malfa">Ugo La Malfa</a> (1903–1979), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elio_Lo_Cascio" title="Elio Lo Cascio">Elio Lo Cascio</a> (born 1948), historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Lo_Cascio" title="Luigi Lo Cascio">Luigi Lo Cascio</a> (born 1967), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalia_Lombardo" title="Rosalia Lombardo">Rosalia Lombardo</a> (1918–1920), known as the <i>Sleeping Beauty</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Lo_Verso" title="Enrico Lo Verso">Enrico Lo Verso</a> (born 1964), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise of Orléans">Louise of Orléans</a> (1812–1850), Queen of The Belgians</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Christina_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies">Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies</a> (1806–1878), Queen of <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Mancuso" title="Filippo Mancuso">Filippo Mancuso</a> (1922–2011), magistrate and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(Italy)" title="Minister of Justice (Italy)">Italian Minister of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cipr%C3%AC_%26_Maresco" title="Ciprì & Maresco">Franco Maresco</a> (born 1958), film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Mattarella" title="Laura Mattarella">Laura Mattarella</a> (born 1967), first child and the only daughter of Sergio Mattarella</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella" title="Sergio Mattarella">Sergio Mattarella</a> (born 1941), <a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">president of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Meli" title="Giovanni Meli">Giovanni Meli</a> (1740–1815), poet and playwright</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pino_Mercanti" title="Pino Mercanti">Pino Mercanti</a> (1911–1986), film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Micali" title="Silvio Micali">Silvio Micali</a> (born 1954), computer scientist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Min%C3%AC" title="Gabriele Minì">Gabriele Minì</a> (born 2005), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Emanuele_Orlando" title="Vittorio Emanuele Orlando">Vittorio Emanuele Orlando</a> (1860–1952), <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pernice" title="Giovanni Pernice">Giovanni Pernice</a> (born 1990), dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Petrillo" title="Sophia Petrillo">Sophia Petrillo</a> (born 1905), character on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Girls" title="The Golden Girls">The Golden Girls</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ficarra_e_Picone" title="Ficarra e Picone">Valentino Picone</a> (born 1971), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pif_(television_host)" title="Pif (television host)">Pif (television host)</a> (born 1972), actor and film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Pinto" title="Amelia Pinto">Amelia Pinto</a> (1876–1946), opera singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pitr%C3%A8" title="Giuseppe Pitrè">Giuseppe Pitrè</a> (1841–1916), <a href="/wiki/Folklore_studies" title="Folklore studies">folklorist</a>, medical doctor, professor and senator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">Marco Quattrocchi</a> (19xx), Erotic actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Pope Sergius I</a> (650–701)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Ragonese" title="Isabella Ragonese">Isabella Ragonese</a> (born 1981) actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Riccobono" title="Eva Riccobono">Eva Riccobono</a> (born 1983), model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rinaldi_(architect)" title="Antonio Rinaldi (architect)">Antonio Rinaldi</a> (1709–1794), architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Riotta" title="Gianni Riotta">Gianni Riotta</a> (born 1954), journalist</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Riso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Riso (page does not exist)">Francesco Riso</a> (1826–1860), Italian patriot</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuni_Russo" title="Giuni Russo">Giuni Russo</a> (1951–2004), singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Sabatini" title="Francesco Sabatini">Francesco Sabatini</a> (1721–1797), architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Salafia" title="Alfredo Salafia">Alfredo Salafia</a> (1869–1933), <a href="/wiki/Embalming" title="Embalming">embalmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taxidermy" title="Taxidermy">taxidermist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Scaglione" title="Pietro Scaglione">Pietro Scaglione</a> (1906–1971), magistrate</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Scarlatti" title="Alessandro Scarlatti">Alessandro Scarlatti</a> (1660–1725), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Schifani" title="Renato Schifani">Renato Schifani</a> (born 1950), <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="President of the Senate of the Republic (Italy)">President of the Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Schillaci" title="Salvatore Schillaci">Salvatore Schillaci</a> (born 1964), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Scianna" title="Francesco Scianna">Francesco Scianna</a> (born 1982), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzo_Sellerio" title="Enzo Sellerio">Enzo Sellerio</a> (1924–2012), photographer, publisher and collector</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Serpotta" title="Giacomo Serpotta">Giacomo Serpotta</a> (1656–1732), sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Serpotta" title="Giuseppe Serpotta">Giuseppe Serpotta</a> (1653–1719), scultore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Sorgi" title="Marcello Sorgi">Marcello Sorgi</a> (born 1955), journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Sperandeo" title="Tony Sperandeo">Tony Sperandeo</a> (born 1953), actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Starabba,_Marchese_di_Rudin%C3%AC" title="Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì">Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì</a> (1839–1908), <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Italy" title="Prime Minister of Italy">Prime Minister of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Starrabba" title="Gaetano Starrabba">Gaetano Starrabba</a> (born 1932), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myriam_Sylla" title="Myriam Sylla">Myriam Sylla</a>, (born 1995) <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a> player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tomasi_di_Lampedusa" title="Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa">Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa</a> (1896–1957), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giusto_Traina" title="Giusto Traina">Giusto Traina</a> (born 1959), historian</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nino_Vaccarella" title="Nino Vaccarella">Nino Vaccarella</a> (1933–2021), racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delia_Vaccarello" title="Delia Vaccarello">Delia Vaccarello</a> (1960–2019), journalist and activist for LGBT rights</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulco_di_Verdura" title="Fulco di Verdura">Fulco di Verdura</a> (1898–1978), duke and jeweller</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_citizens">Honorary citizens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Honorary citizens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>People awarded the <a href="/wiki/Honorary_citizenship" title="Honorary citizenship">honorary citizenship</a> of Palermo are: </p> <table class="wikitable" width="75%" style="font-size: 85%; border: gray solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: middle;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE">Date </th> <th width="240" style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE">Name </th> <th style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>17 May 1996 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenzin_Gyatso" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenzin Gyatso">Tenzin Gyatso</a> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 December 2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Abdullah Öcalan</a><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Founder of <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 August 2018</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Albert_II,_Prince_of_Monaco" title="Albert II, Prince of Monaco">Albert II, Prince of Monaco</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Monaco" title="Monarchy of Monaco">Prince of Monaco</a><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/40px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/60px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Palermo" title="List of mayors of Palermo">List of mayors of Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Palermo" title="Outline of Palermo">Outline of Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circolo_Matematico_di_Palermo" title="Circolo Matematico di Palermo">Circolo Matematico di Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Falcandus" title="Hugo Falcandus">Hugo Falcandus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Panormus</i>, from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Πάνορμος</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Pánormos</i></span>; older <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بَلَرْم</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Balarm</i></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224">"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011"</a>. Italian National Institute of Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Superficie+di+Comuni+Province+e+Regioni+italiane+al+9+ottobre+2011&rft.pub=Italian+National+Institute+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istat.it%2Fit%2Farchivio%2F156224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/pop2018/index3.html">"Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018"</a>. Italian National Institute of Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Popolazione+Residente+al+1%C2%B0+Gennaio+2018&rft.pub=Italian+National+Institute+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fpop2018%2Findex3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1">Wells, John C. (2008). <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.italyheritage.com&rft.atitle=The+snowfall+of+1956&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.italyheritage.com%2Fmagazine%2Farticles%2Fhistory%2F1956-snow.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160205024133/http://meteolive.leonardo.it/news/In-primo-piano/2/tutte-le-nevicate-su-palermo-/364/">"Tutte le nevicate su PALERMO!"</a>. <i>meteolive.leonardo.it</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=meteolive.leonardo.it&rft.atitle=Tutte+le+nevicate+su+PALERMO%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmeteolive.leonardo.it%2Fnews%2FIn-primo-piano%2F2%2Ftutte-le-nevicate-su-palermo-%2F364%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.regione.sicilia.it/sites/default/files/2021-11/annale_1967_parte1.pdf">"Palermo -2.5C"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palermo+Climate+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather2travel.com%2Fclimate-guides%2Fitaly%2Fsicily%2Fpalermo.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClimatico/pdf/(410)Palermo%20Boccadifalco.pdf">"Palermo/Boccadifalco (PA) 117 m. – Servizio Meteorologico dell'Aeronautica Militare, 1971–2000"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180903215656/http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClimatico/pdf/(410)Palermo%20Boccadifalco.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palermo%2FBoccadifalco+%28PA%29+117+m.+%E2%80%93+Servizio+Meteorologico+dell%27Aeronautica+Militare%2C+1971%E2%80%932000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclima.meteoam.it%2FAtlanteClimatico%2Fpdf%2F%28410%29Palermo%2520Boccadifalco.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tutiempo.net/clima/ws-164100.html">"Palermo Boccadifalco: dati climatici"</a>. www.tutiempo.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200609132008/https://www.tutiempo.net/clima/ws-164100.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palermo+Boccadifalco%3A+dati+climatici&rft.pub=www.tutiempo.net&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tutiempo.net%2Fclima%2Fws-164100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clisun.casaccia.enea.it/profili/tabelle/659%20%5BPalermo%5D%20Palermo%20Valverde.Txt">"Tabella climatica mensile e annuale di Palermo Valverde"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ENEA_(Italy)" title="ENEA (Italy)">Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306022436/http://clisun.casaccia.enea.it/profili/tabelle/659%20%5BPalermo%5D%20Palermo%20Valverde.Txt">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tabella+climatica+mensile+e+annuale+di+Palermo+Valverde&rft.pub=Agenzia+nazionale+per+le+nuove+tecnologie%2C+l%27energia+e+lo+sviluppo+economico+sostenibile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclisun.casaccia.enea.it%2Fprofili%2Ftabelle%2F659%2520%255BPalermo%255D%2520Palermo%2520Valverde.Txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-noaa-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-noaa_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geodata.lib.ncsu.edu/fedgov/noaa/clino/TABLES/REG_VI/IY/16405.TXT">"Palermo (16405) – WMO Weather Station"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200824141434/http://geodata.lib.ncsu.edu/fedgov/noaa/clino/TABLES/REG_VI/IY/16405.TXT">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palermo+%2816405%29+%E2%80%93+WMO+Weather+Station&rft.pub=NOAA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeodata.lib.ncsu.edu%2Ffedgov%2Fnoaa%2Fclino%2FTABLES%2FREG_VI%2FIY%2F16405.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/italia/stazioni-wmo/palermo-punta-raisi/">"Palermo Punta Raisi: record mensili dal 1960"</a>. climaintoscana.altervista.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806125935/http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/italia/stazioni-wmo/palermo-punta-raisi/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palermo+Punta+Raisi%3A+record+mensili+dal+1960&rft.pub=climaintoscana.altervista.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimaintoscana.altervista.org%2Fitalia%2Fstazioni-wmo%2Fpalermo-punta-raisi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palapa.it/palapadnn/Quartieri/tabid/67/Default.aspx">"Quartieri"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Quartieri&rft.date=2008-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palapa.it%2Fpalapadnn%2FQuartieri%2Ftabid%2F67%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFreemanAshby1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Freeman, Edward Augustus; Ashby, Thomas (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Palermo"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Palermo">"Palermo" </a></span>. 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Fbi.gov. 17 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216043359/https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/violent-crime/art-theft/fbi-top-ten-art-crimes/nativity-with-san-lorenzo-and-san-francesco">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Theft+of+Caravaggio%27s+Nativity+with+San+Lorenzo+and+San+Francesco&rft.pub=Fbi.gov&rft.date=2012-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbi.gov%2Finvestigate%2Fviolent-crime%2Fart-theft%2Ffbi-top-ten-art-crimes%2Fnativity-with-san-lorenzo-and-san-francesco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSooke2013" class="citation web cs1">Sooke, Alastair (23 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20131219-hunting-a-stolen-masterpiece">"Caravaggio's Nativity: Hunting a stolen masterpiece"</a>. <i>BBC website</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224073639/http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20131219-hunting-a-stolen-masterpiece">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+website&rft.atitle=Caravaggio%27s+Nativity%3A+Hunting+a+stolen+masterpiece&rft.date=2013-12-23&rft.aulast=Sooke&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fculture%2Fstory%2F20131219-hunting-a-stolen-masterpiece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLuigi_Mendola2011" class="citation web cs1">Luigi Mendola (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bestofsicily.com/mag/art381.htm">"Charles V and Sicily"</a>. <i>Best of Sicily Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Best+of+Sicily+Magazine&rft.atitle=Charles+V+and+Sicily&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Luigi+Mendola&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bestofsicily.com%2Fmag%2Fart381.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pezzini Elena. Un tratto della cinta muraria della città di Palermo. In: Mélanges de l'École française de Rome. Moyen-Age, tome 110, n°2. 1998. pp. 719-771. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Aapologetico+de+la+literatura+espa%C3%B1ola+contra+los+opiniones&rft.date=2007-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA7kGAAAAQAAJ%26q%3Dsegre%2Bsicano%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-it-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-it_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.italytravelescape.com/history-of-palermo.htm">"History of Palermo"</a>. ItalyTravelEscape.com. 7 October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120221719/http://www.italytravelescape.com/history-of-palermo.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=History+of+Palermo&rft.date=2007-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.italytravelescape.com%2Fhistory-of-palermo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911877-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHead_&_al.1911877_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHead_&_al.1911">Head & al. (1911)</a>, p. 877.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Palermo punica _ Catalogo della mostra Palermo, Museo Archeologico Regionale "Antonio Salinas" 6 dicembre 1995 – 30 settembre 1996_ Sellerio Editore 1998 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-7681-116-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-7681-116-6">978-88-7681-116-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Procopius, Gothic Wars, I, 25-34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Dizionario di toponomastica</i> (in Italian). Turin: UTET. 1990. p. 554. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-02-07228-0" title="Special:BookSources/88-02-07228-0"><bdi>88-02-07228-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dizionario+di+toponomastica&rft.place=Turin&rft.pages=554&rft.pub=UTET&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=88-02-07228-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGraham1982[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid0qAoqP4g1fECpgPA186_186–7]-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGraham1982[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid0qAoqP4g1fECpgPA186_186–7]_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGraham1982">Graham (1982)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0qAoqP4g1fEC&pg=PA186">186–7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bos-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bos_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bestofsicily.com/palermo.htm#Palermo%20history">"Destiny of a King's Capital"</a>. BestofSicily.com. 7 October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511193507/http://www.bestofsicily.com/palermo.htm#Palermo%20history">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Destiny+of+a+King%27s+Capital&rft.date=2007-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bestofsicily.com%2Fpalermo.htm%23Palermo%2520history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bio_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041124101237/http://www.bio.vu.nl/home/vwielink/WWW_MGC/Area_III_map/Panormos_map/InfoPanormos.html">"Panormos Info"</a>. Bio.vu.nl. 7 October 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bio.vu.nl/home/vwielink/WWW_MGC/Area_III_map/Panormos_map/InfoPanormos.html">the original</a> on 24 November 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Panormos+Info&rft.date=2007-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bio.vu.nl%2Fhome%2Fvwielink%2FWWW_MGC%2FArea_III_map%2FPanormos_map%2FInfoPanormos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bagnall, Nigel (1999). The Punic Wars: Rome, Carthage and the Struggle for the Mediterranean. London: Pimlico. ISBN 978-0-7126-6608-4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpriv-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jpriv_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpriv_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPrivitera2002" class="citation book cs1">Privitera, Joseph (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sicilyillustrate00priv"><i>Sicily: An Illustrated History</i></a>. Hippocrene Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-0909-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-0909-2"><bdi>978-0-7818-0909-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sicily%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.pub=Hippocrene+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7818-0909-2&rft.aulast=Privitera&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsicilyillustrate00priv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9026834/Theodoric#949802.hook">"Theodoric"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. 7 October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081118180349/https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9026834/Theodoric#949802.hook">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Theodoric&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2007-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9026834%2FTheodoric%23949802.hook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHearder1991" class="citation book cs1">Hearder, Harry (25 January 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070720230202/http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/paper/FootJohn2.html"><i>Italy: A Short History</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-33719-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-33719-9"><bdi>978-0-521-33719-9</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/italyshorthistor00hear">the original</a> on 20 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italy%3A+A+Short+History&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991-01-25&rft.isbn=978-0-521-33719-9&rft.aulast=Hearder&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fitalyshorthistor00hear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-byz-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-byz_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.helleniccomserve.com/palermo.html">"The Greek and Byzantine Roots of Palermo"</a>. HellenicComserve.com. 7 October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080617123315/http://www.helleniccomserve.com/palermo.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Greek+and+Byzantine+Roots+of+Palermo&rft.date=2007-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.helleniccomserve.com%2Fpalermo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Previt%C3%A9-Orton" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles William Previté-Orton">Previte-Orton</a> (1971), vol. 1, pg. 370</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmariNallino2018" class="citation book cs1">Amari, Michele; Nallino, Carlo Alfonso (13 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storiadeimusulm01amargoog"><i>Storia dei Musulmani di Sicilia</i></a>. Catania, R. Prampolini – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Storia+dei+Musulmani+di+Sicilia&rft.pub=Catania%2C+R.+Prampolini&rft.date=2018-07-13&rft.aulast=Amari&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft.au=Nallino%2C+Carlo+Alfonso&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoriadeimusulm01amargoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOf_Italy2005" class="citation book cs1">Of Italy, Touring Club (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E7BYFRh5b7oC&q=%22Palermo%22+%22Cordoba%22+splendor&pg=PA52"><i>Authentic Sicily</i></a>. Touring Editore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-365-3403-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-365-3403-6"><bdi>978-88-365-3403-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210529132646/https://books.google.com/books?id=E7BYFRh5b7oC&q=%22Palermo%22+%22Cordoba%22+splendor&pg=PA52">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Authentic+Sicily&rft.pub=Touring+Editore&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-88-365-3403-6&rft.aulast=Of+Italy&rft.aufirst=Touring+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE7BYFRh5b7oC%26q%3D%2522Palermo%2522%2B%2522Cordoba%2522%2Bsplendor%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Strayer" title="Joseph Strayer">Joseph Strayer</a>, <i>Dictionary of the Middle Ages</i>, Scribner, 1987, t.9, p.352</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Virruso G., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.touriddu.com/kingdom-of-sicily/">Kingdom-of-Sicily</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806043511/https://www.touriddu.com/kingdom-of-sicily/">Archived</a> 6 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stan-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stan_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609094555/http://archaeology.stanford.edu/MountPolizzo/handbookPDF/MPHandbook5.pdf">"Brief history of Sicily"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archaeology. Stanford.edu. 7 October 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archaeology.stanford.edu/MountPolizzo/handbookPDF/MPHandbook5.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Brief+history+of+Sicily&rft.date=2007-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchaeology.stanford.edu%2FMountPolizzo%2FhandbookPDF%2FMPHandbook5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Appleton, <i>The World in the Middle Ages</i>, 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Julius1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Julius_Norwich" title="John Julius Norwich">John Julius, Norwich</a> (1992). <i>The Normans in Sicily: The Normans in the South 1016–1130 and the Kingdom in the Sun 1130–1194</i>. Penguin Global. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-015212-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-015212-8"><bdi>978-0-14-015212-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Normans+in+Sicily%3A+The+Normans+in+the+South+1016%E2%80%931130+and+the+Kingdom+in+the+Sun+1130%E2%80%931194&rft.pub=Penguin+Global&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-14-015212-8&rft.aulast=John+Julius&rft.aufirst=Norwich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Long-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Long_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJ._Bradford_De_Long_and_Andrei_Shleifer1993" class="citation journal cs1">J. Bradford De Long and Andrei Shleifer (October 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180729053941/http://www.j-bradford-delong.net/pdf_files/Princes.pdf">"Princes and Merchants: European City Growth before the Industrial Revolution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Law_and_Economics" title="The Journal of Law and Economics">The Journal of Law and Economics</a></i>. <b>36</b> (2): 671–702 [678]. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.164.4092">10.1.1.164.4092</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F467294">10.1086/467294</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13961320">13961320</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.j-bradford-delong.net/pdf_files/Princes.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Law+and+Economics&rft.atitle=Princes+and+Merchants%3A+European+City+Growth+before+the+Industrial+Revolution&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=671-702+678&rft.date=1993-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.164.4092%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A13961320%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F467294&rft.au=J.+Bradford+De+Long+and+Andrei+Shleifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.j-bradford-delong.net%2Fpdf_files%2FPrinces.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Riall1998-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Riall1998_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Riall1998_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLucy_Riall1998" class="citation book cs1">Lucy Riall (12 March 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wZg4ecXXmNYC&pg=PA198"><i>Sicily and the Unification of Italy : Liberal Policy and Local Power, 1859–1866: Liberal Policy and Local Power, 1859–1866</i></a>. Clarendon Press. pp. 198–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-154261-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-154261-9"><bdi>978-0-19-154261-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101232343/https://books.google.com/books?id=wZg4ecXXmNYC&pg=PA198">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sicily+and+the+Unification+of+Italy+%3A+Liberal+Policy+and+Local+Power%2C+1859%E2%80%931866%3A+Liberal+Policy+and+Local+Power%2C+1859%E2%80%931866&rft.pages=198-&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1998-03-12&rft.isbn=978-0-19-154261-9&rft.au=Lucy+Riall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwZg4ecXXmNYC%26pg%3DPA198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://palermo.repubblica.it/cronaca/2013/05/09/news/le_bombe_del_9_maggio_1943_che_distrussero_palermo-58431764/">"Le bombe del 9 maggio 1943 che distrussero Palermo – Palermo – Repubblica.it"</a>. <i>La Repubblica</i>. 9 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180905182046/https://palermo.repubblica.it/cronaca/2013/05/09/news/le_bombe_del_9_maggio_1943_che_distrussero_palermo-58431764/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Repubblica&rft.atitle=Le+bombe+del+9+maggio+1943+che+distrussero+Palermo+%E2%80%93+Palermo+%E2%80%93+Repubblica.it&rft.date=2013-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpalermo.repubblica.it%2Fcronaca%2F2013%2F05%2F09%2Fnews%2Fle_bombe_del_9_maggio_1943_che_distrussero_palermo-58431764%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPasta2016" class="citation journal cs1">Pasta, Antinea (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intrasformazione.com/index.php/intrasformazione/article/view/256/pdf">"I bombardamenti di Palermo (1940-1943)"</a>. <i>Intrasformazione: Rivista di Storia delle Idee</i>. <b>5</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">146–</span>157. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4474%2FDPS%2F05%2F02%2FSGG256%2F12">10.4474/DPS/05/02/SGG256/12</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180905175823/http://www.intrasformazione.com/index.php/intrasformazione/article/view/256/pdf">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Intrasformazione%3A+Rivista+di+Storia+delle+Idee&rft.atitle=I+bombardamenti+di+Palermo+%281940-1943%29&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E146-%3C%2Fspan%3E157&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4474%2FDPS%2F05%2F02%2FSGG256%2F12&rft.aulast=Pasta&rft.aufirst=Antinea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intrasformazione.com%2Findex.php%2Fintrasformazione%2Farticle%2Fview%2F256%2Fpdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-D'Este1988-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-D'Este1988_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarlo_D'Este1988" class="citation book cs1">Carlo D'Este (January 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6eJmAAAAMAAJ"><i>Bitter Victory: The Battle for Sicily, July–August 1943</i></a>. Collins. p. 423. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-217409-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-217409-1"><bdi>978-0-00-217409-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191018042618/https://books.google.com/books?id=6eJmAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bitter+Victory%3A+The+Battle+for+Sicily%2C+July%E2%80%93August+1943&rft.pages=423&rft.pub=Collins&rft.date=1988-01&rft.isbn=978-0-00-217409-1&rft.au=Carlo+D%27Este&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6eJmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sideshow War: The Italian Campaign, 1943–1945 by George F. Botjer, published by Texas A & M University Press, 1996 pg. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antimafiaduemila.com/home/opinioni/305-mafia-in-pillole/76988-il-sacco-di-palermo-e-la-prima-guerra-di-mafia.html">"Il Sacco di Palermo e la Prima Guerra di Mafia"</a>. <i>www.antimafiaduemila.com</i> (in Italian). 16 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200722073016/http://www.antimafiaduemila.com/home/opinioni/305-mafia-in-pillole/76988-il-sacco-di-palermo-e-la-prima-guerra-di-mafia.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.antimafiaduemila.com&rft.atitle=Il+Sacco+di+Palermo+e+la+Prima+Guerra+di+Mafia&rft.date=2019-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antimafiaduemila.com%2Fhome%2Fopinioni%2F305-mafia-in-pillole%2F76988-il-sacco-di-palermo-e-la-prima-guerra-di-mafia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/4727672/italy-police-arrest-alleged-new-mafia-boss-in-sicily/">"Italy police arrest alleged new mafia boss in Sicily"</a>. <i>Global News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190717171817/https://globalnews.ca/news/4727672/italy-police-arrest-alleged-new-mafia-boss-in-sicily/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=Italy+police+arrest+alleged+new+mafia+boss+in+Sicily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F4727672%2Fitaly-police-arrest-alleged-new-mafia-boss-in-sicily%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHada_MessiaLauren_Kent2019" class="citation web cs1">Hada Messia; Lauren Kent (17 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/17/europe/mafia-arrests-fbi-italy-intl/index.html">"19 mafia suspects arrested in joint transatlantic raids"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190717171206/https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/17/europe/mafia-arrests-fbi-italy-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=19+mafia+suspects+arrested+in+joint+transatlantic+raids&rft.date=2019-07-17&rft.au=Hada+Messia&rft.au=Lauren+Kent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F07%2F17%2Feurope%2Fmafia-arrests-fbi-italy-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGiuffrida2019" class="citation news cs1">Giuffrida, Angela (17 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/17/fbi-mafia-arrests-us-italy-inzerillo-gambino">"FBI and Italian police arrest 19 people in Sicily and US in mafia investigation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=FBI+and+Italian+police+arrest+19+people+in+Sicily+and+US+in+mafia+investigation&rft.date=2019-07-17&rft.aulast=Giuffrida&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2019%2Fjul%2F17%2Ffbi-mafia-arrests-us-italy-inzerillo-gambino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBommarito2014" class="citation news cs1">Bommarito, Maria Lina (13 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesofsicily.com/festino-santa-rosalia-palermo/">"The "Festino" of Santa Rosalia in Palermo"</a>. <i>Times of Sicily</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Sicily&rft.atitle=The+%22Festino%22+of+Santa+Rosalia+in+Palermo&rft.date=2014-07-13&rft.aulast=Bommarito&rft.aufirst=Maria+Lina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofsicily.com%2Ffestino-santa-rosalia-palermo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> Alberto Samonà. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inventati.org/amprodias/txt/sicilia/pellegrino.htm"><i>Il Genio di Palermo e il Monte Pellegrino</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100328212102/http://www.inventati.org/amprodias/txt/sicilia/pellegrino.htm">Archived</a> 28 March 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2 September 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbvex.it/italiac.html#paler">"Italia città"</a>. <i>www.rbvex.it</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rbvex.it&rft.atitle=Italia+citt%C3%A0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbvex.it%2Fitaliac.html%23paler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100724062018/http://www.comune.palermo.it/comune/normative/statuto.htm">"Città di Palermo - Statuto del Comune"</a>. 24 July 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.palermo.it/comune/normative/statuto.htm">the original</a> on 24 July 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Citt%C3%A0+di+Palermo+-+Statuto+del+Comune&rft.date=2010-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.palermo.it%2Fcomune%2Fnormative%2Fstatuto.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palermo-pmo.airports-guides.com/">"Palermo Falcone Borsellino Airport (PMO) Information: Airport in Punta Raisi Area, Italy"</a>. Palermo-pmo.airports-guides.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100416071250/http://www.palermo-pmo.airports-guides.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palermo+Falcone+Borsellino+Airport+%28PMO%29+Information%3A+Airport+in+Punta+Raisi+Area%2C+Italy&rft.pub=Palermo-pmo.airports-guides.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palermo-pmo.airports-guides.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bcglocations.com-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bcglocations.com_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130109055412/http://bcg.thetimes.co.uk/Europe/Italy/Palermo">"The Sunday Times guide: Palermo"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bcg.thetimes.co.uk/Europe/Italy/Palermo">the original</a> on 9 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Sunday+Times+guide%3A+Palermo&rft.pub=The+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbcg.thetimes.co.uk%2FEurope%2FItaly%2FPalermo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.subways.net/italy/palermo.htm">"Palermo Subway Metro Light Rail"</a>. Subways.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100628185521/http://www.subways.net/italy/palermo.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palermo+Subway+Metro+Light+Rail&rft.pub=Subways.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.subways.net%2Fitaly%2Fpalermo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBella" class="citation web cs1">Bella, Carlo Di. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amat.pa.it/">"Home"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110625072009/http://www.amat.pa.it/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home&rft.aulast=Bella&rft.aufirst=Carlo+Di&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amat.pa.it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amat.pa.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=76&Itemid=88">Transport net by AMAT</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120807221659/http://www.amat.pa.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=76&Itemid=88">Archived</a> 7 August 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aziendasicilianatrasporti.it/">"AST - Azienda Siciliana Trasporti"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120902164342/http://www.aziendasicilianatrasporti.it/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AST+-+Azienda+Siciliana+Trasporti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aziendasicilianatrasporti.it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Italy_Palermo-2804">"Palermo Public Transportation Statistics"</a>. Global Public Transit Index by Moovit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170824180909/https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Italy_Palermo-2804">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palermo+Public+Transportation+Statistics&rft.pub=Global+Public+Transit+Index+by+Moovit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoovitapp.com%2Finsights%2Fen%2FMoovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index_Italy_Palermo-2804&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CC_BY_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/50px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/75px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/100px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span> Material was copied from this source, which is available under a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171016050101/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Archived</a> 16 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.assoporti.it/sites/www.assoporti.it/files/statistiche/Movimenti_portuali_%202011_26giu12.pdf">table from assoporti.it</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune-italia.it/comune-palermo.html">"Comune di Palermo"</a>. <i>comune-italia.it</i> (in Italian). Comune Italia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200201100129/https://www.comune-italia.it/comune-palermo.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=comune-italia.it&rft.atitle=Comune+di+Palermo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune-italia.it%2Fcomune-palermo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.palermo.it/bilancio_sociale.php?anno=2016&id=350&lev=3&cap=374&int=582">"Bilancio Sociale 2016: Palermo Capitale del Mediterraneo"</a>. <i>comune.palermo.it</i> (in Italian). Palermo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200131230203/https://www.comune.palermo.it/bilancio_sociale.php?anno=2016&id=350&lev=3&cap=374&int=582">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=comune.palermo.it&rft.atitle=Bilancio+Sociale+2016%3A+Palermo+Capitale+del+Mediterraneo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.palermo.it%2Fbilancio_sociale.php%3Fanno%3D2016%26id%3D350%26lev%3D3%26cap%3D374%26int%3D582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palermoworld.it/eng/palermo-and-valletta-together-for-2018-cultural-twinning-at-palazzo-asmundo/">"Palermo and Valletta together for 2018. Cultural twinning at Palazzo Asmundo"</a>. <i>palermoworld.it</i>. Palermo World. 30 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200403051727/http://www.palermoworld.it/eng/palermo-and-valletta-together-for-2018-cultural-twinning-at-palazzo-asmundo/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=palermoworld.it&rft.atitle=Palermo+and+Valletta+together+for+2018.+Cultural+twinning+at+Palazzo+Asmundo&rft.date=2017-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palermoworld.it%2Feng%2Fpalermo-and-valletta-together-for-2018-cultural-twinning-at-palazzo-asmundo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palermo.repubblica.it/cronaca/2015/12/14/news/cittadinanza_onoraria_a_ocalan_il_sindaco_orlando_siamo_orgogliosi_-129473160/">"Cittadinanza onoraria a Öcalan, il sindaco Orlando: "Siamo orgogliosi"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Repubblica.it</i> (in Italian). 14 December 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190529173349/https://palermo.repubblica.it/cronaca/2015/12/14/news/cittadinanza_onoraria_a_ocalan_il_sindaco_orlando_siamo_orgogliosi_-129473160/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Repubblica.it&rft.atitle=Cittadinanza+onoraria+a+%C3%96calan%2C+il+sindaco+Orlando%3A+%22Siamo+orgogliosi%22&rft.date=2015-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpalermo.repubblica.it%2Fcronaca%2F2015%2F12%2F14%2Fnews%2Fcittadinanza_onoraria_a_ocalan_il_sindaco_orlando_siamo_orgogliosi_-129473160%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monacoreporter.com/2018/08/22/prince-albert-kicked-off-palermo-monte-carlo-regatta-was-inducted-as-sicilys-capital-honorary-citizen/">"Prince Albert kicked-off Palermo/Monte-Carlo regatta & was inducted as Sicily's capital Honorary Citizen"</a>. 22 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180919132147/https://monacoreporter.com/2018/08/22/prince-albert-kicked-off-palermo-monte-carlo-regatta-was-inducted-as-sicilys-capital-honorary-citizen/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prince+Albert+kicked-off+Palermo%2FMonte-Carlo+regatta+%26+was+inducted+as+Sicily%27s+capital+Honorary+Citizen&rft.date=2018-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonacoreporter.com%2F2018%2F08%2F22%2Fprince-albert-kicked-off-palermo-monte-carlo-regatta-was-inducted-as-sicilys-capital-honorary-citizen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hellomonaco.com/officially-2/from-the-palace-princely-news/prince-albert-becomes-honorary-citizen-of-palermo-and-other-princely-news/">"Prince Albert becomes honorary citizen of Palermo and other princely news"</a>. 27 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210529132630/https://www.hellomonaco.com/news/latest-news/prince-albert-becomes-honorary-citizen-of-palermo-and-other-princely-news/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prince+Albert+becomes+honorary+citizen+of+Palermo+and+other+princely+news&rft.date=2018-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hellomonaco.com%2Fofficially-2%2Ffrom-the-palace-princely-news%2Fprince-albert-becomes-honorary-citizen-of-palermo-and-other-princely-news%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAppleton,_D2005" class="citation book cs1">Appleton, D (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MCNjaNgw9u4C&q=Robert+Guiscard+hero"><i>The World in the Middle Ages</i></a>. University of Michigan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Appleton%2C+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMCNjaNgw9u4C%26q%3DRobert%2BGuiscard%2Bhero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlmsaodi" class="citation book cs1">Almsaodi, Aymn. <i>The Desert Race</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Desert+Race&rft.aulast=Almsaodi&rft.aufirst=Aymn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFabbri2005" class="citation book cs1">Fabbri, Patrizia (2005). <i>Palermo e Monreale</i>. Florence: Bonechi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palermo+e+Monreale&rft.place=Florence&rft.pub=Bonechi&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Fabbri&rft.aufirst=Patrizia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraham1982" class="citation book cs1">Graham, A.J. (1982). "The Western Greeks". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0qAoqP4g1fEC"><i>The Cambridge Ancient History</i></a>. Vol. III (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge, England">Cambridge</a>: Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">163–</span>195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-23447-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-23447-4"><bdi>978-0-521-23447-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Western+Greeks&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E163-%3C%2Fspan%3E195&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-521-23447-4&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=A.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0qAoqP4g1fEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHead_&_al.1911" class="citation book cs1">Head, Barclay; et al. (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snible.org/coins/hn/zeugitana.html">"Zeugitana"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://snible.org/coins/hn/index.html"><i>Historia Numorum</i></a> (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">877–</span>882.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zeugitana&rft.btitle=Historia+Numorum&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E877-%3C%2Fspan%3E882&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Head&rft.aufirst=Barclay&rft.au=G.F.+Hill&rft.au=George+MacDonald&rft.au=W.+Wroth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsnible.org%2Fcoins%2Fhn%2Fzeugitana.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLangdale2015" class="citation book cs1">Langdale, Allan (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Palermo-Travels-Happiness-Architecture-History-ebook/dp/B00WKM378I"><i>Palermo: Travels in the City of Happiness</i></a>. Land of Empires Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palermo%3A+Travels+in+the+City+of+Happiness&rft.pub=Land+of+Empires+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Langdale&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FPalermo-Travels-Happiness-Architecture-History-ebook%2Fdp%2FB00WKM378I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalermo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Nef, Anneliese. <i>A Companion to Medieval Palermo: The History of a Mediterranean City from 600 to 1500</i> (Brill, 2013).</li> <li>Tronzo, William. "The Artistic Culture of Twelfth-Century Sicily, with a Focus on Palermo." in <i>Sicily and the Mediterranean</i> (Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2015) pp. 61–76.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palermo&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141102112151/http://www.pagineverdionline.it/coupon-palermo">Palermo Coupon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tripandtravelblog.com/15-things-to-do-in-palermo-if-you-are-visiting-for-the-first-time/">Things to do in Palermo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palermo2018.it/">Palermo capitale italiana della cultura 2018</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180215191132/http://www.palermo2018.it/">Archived</a> 15 February 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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title="Godrano">Godrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratteri" title="Gratteri">Gratteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isnello" title="Isnello">Isnello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isola_delle_Femmine" title="Isola delle Femmine">Isola delle Femmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lascari" title="Lascari">Lascari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lercara_Friddi" title="Lercara Friddi">Lercara Friddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marineo" title="Marineo">Marineo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzojuso" title="Mezzojuso">Mezzojuso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misilmeri" title="Misilmeri">Misilmeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monreale" title="Monreale">Monreale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montelepre" title="Montelepre">Montelepre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montemaggiore_Belsito" title="Montemaggiore Belsito">Montemaggiore Belsito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Adriano" title="Palazzo Adriano">Palazzo Adriano</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partinico" title="Partinico">Partinico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petralia_Soprana" title="Petralia Soprana">Petralia Soprana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petralia_Sottana" title="Petralia Sottana">Petralia Sottana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piana_degli_Albanesi" title="Piana degli Albanesi">Piana degli Albanesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polizzi_Generosa" title="Polizzi Generosa">Polizzi Generosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollina" title="Pollina">Pollina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prizzi" title="Prizzi">Prizzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roccamena" title="Roccamena">Roccamena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roccapalumba" title="Roccapalumba">Roccapalumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Cipirello" title="San Cipirello">San Cipirello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Giuseppe_Jato" title="San Giuseppe Jato">San Giuseppe Jato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Mauro_Castelverde" title="San Mauro Castelverde">San Mauro Castelverde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cristina_Gela" title="Santa Cristina Gela">Santa Cristina Gela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Flavia" title="Santa Flavia">Santa Flavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciara,_Sicily" title="Sciara, Sicily">Sciara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scillato" title="Scillato">Scillato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sclafani_Bagni" title="Sclafani Bagni">Sclafani Bagni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termini_Imerese" title="Termini Imerese">Termini Imerese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrasini" title="Terrasini">Terrasini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torretta" title="Torretta">Torretta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trabia" title="Trabia">Trabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trappeto" title="Trappeto">Trappeto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustica" title="Ustica">Ustica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valledolmo" title="Valledolmo">Valledolmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventimiglia_di_Sicilia" title="Ventimiglia di Sicilia">Ventimiglia di Sicilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicari" title="Vicari">Vicari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villabate" title="Villabate">Villabate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villafrati" title="Villafrati">Villafrati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regional_capitals_of_Italy51" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regional_capitals_of_Italy" title="Template:Regional capitals of Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regional_capitals_of_Italy" title="Template talk:Regional capitals of Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regional_capitals_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regional capitals of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regional_capitals_of_Italy51" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regional</a> capitals of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: left;width:20%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Potenza" title="Potenza">Potenza</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a></b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;width:20%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Catanzaro" title="Catanzaro">Catanzaro</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a></b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;width:20%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a></b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;width:20%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Campobasso" title="Campobasso">Campobasso</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a></b><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palermo</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;width:20%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Trentino-Alto_Adige/S%C3%BCdtirol" title="Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol">Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a></b> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_Europe929" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_Europe929" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capitals</a> of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sokhumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sokhumi">Sokhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas,_Russia" title="Magas, Russia">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions79" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions53" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Italy_by_population91" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Italy" title="Template:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Italy" title="Template talk:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Italy_by_population91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities in Italy</a> by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andria" title="Andria">Andria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foggia" title="Foggia">Foggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forl%C3%AC" title="Forlì">Forlì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giugliano_in_Campania" title="Giugliano in Campania">Giugliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latina,_Lazio" title="Latina, Lazio">Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monza" title="Monza">Monza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novara" title="Novara">Novara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prato" title="Prato">Prato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Emilia" title="Reggio Emilia">Reggio Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassari" title="Sassari">Sassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terni" title="Terni">Terni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udine" title="Udine">Udine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px&#124;class=noviewer&#124;Phoenician_Hippos_ship_Phoenician_cities_and_colonies228" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Template:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Template talk:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#124;class=noviewer&#124;Phoenician_Hippos_ship_Phoenician_cities_and_colonies228" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Phoenician Hippos ship"><img alt="Phoenician Hippos ship" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/20px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/30px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png/40px-Phoenician_Hippos_ship_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="525" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Phoenician_cities" title="List of Phoenician cities">Phoenician cities and colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Algeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Camarata_(Mauretania)" title="Camarata (Mauretania)">Camarata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartennae" title="Cartennae">Cartennae</a> (<a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9n%C3%A8s" title="Ténès">Tenes</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hippo_Regius" title="Hippo Regius">Hippo Regius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Icosium" title="Icosium">Icosium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Igilgili" title="Igilgili">Igilgili</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jijel" title="Jijel">Jijel</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Iol (Cherchell)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iomnium" title="Iomnium">Iomnium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tigzirt" title="Tigzirt">Tigzirt</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cirta" title="Cirta">Cirta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constantine,_Algeria" title="Constantine, Algeria">Constantine</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Djinet" title="Djinet">Kissi (Djinet)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Macomades" title="Macomades">Macomades</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calama_(Numidia)" title="Calama (Numidia)">Malaca</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rachgoun" title="Rachgoun">Rachgoun</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusazus" title="Rusazus">Rusazus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azeffoun" title="Azeffoun">Azeffoun</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Rusguniae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Tamentfoust</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Skikda" title="Skikda">Rusicade (Skikda)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusippisir" title="Rusippisir">Rusippisir (Taksebt)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusubbicari" title="Rusubbicari">Rusubbicari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zemmouri" title="Zemmouri">Zemmouri</a> El Bahri)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dellys" title="Dellys">Rusuccuru (Dellys)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zara%C3%AF" title="Zaraï">Sarai</a> (<a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFn_Oulmene" title="Aïn Oulmene">Aïn Oulmene</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thagora" title="Thagora">Thagora</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taoura" title="Taoura">Taoura</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Mauretania" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipasa in Mauretania">Tipasa in Mauretania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Numidia" title="Tipasa in Numidia">Tipasa in Numidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timici" title="Timici">Timici</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cyprus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dali,_Cyprus" title="Dali, Cyprus">Dhali</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kition" title="Kition">Kition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larnaca" title="Larnaca">Larnaca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lapathus_(Cyprus)" title="Lapathus (Cyprus)">Lapathus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Cyprus" title="Marion, Cyprus">Marion</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Callista (Santorini)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Paxi">Paxi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Achziv" title="Achziv">Achzib</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Akka (Acre)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Dor" title="Tel Dor">Dora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Michal" title="Tel Michal">Michal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apollonia-Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia-Arsuf">Reshef</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Shikmona" title="Tel Shikmona">Shikmona</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Strato's Tower (Caesarea)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bithia,_Italy" title="Bithia, Italy">Bitan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chia_(Sardinia)" title="Chia (Sardinia)">Chia</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cefal%C3%B9" title="Cefalù">Cape Melqart (Cefalù)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Drepana" title="Drepana">Drepanum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eryx_(Sicily)" title="Eryx (Sicily)">Eryx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erice" title="Erice">Erice</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Soluntum" title="Soluntum">Kapara (Soluntum)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cagliari" title="History of Cagliari">Karaly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marsala" title="Marsala">Lilybaeum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Motya" title="Motya">Motya</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neapolis,_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neapolis, Sardinia">Neapolis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nora,_Italy" title="Nora, Italy">Nora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Olbia" title="Olbia">Olbia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinunte</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sulci" title="Sulci">Sulci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sant%27Antioco" title="Sant'Antioco">Sant'Antioco</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tharros" title="Tharros">Tharros</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ṣiṣ (Palermo)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Amioun" title="Amioun">Amia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Enfeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfeh">Ampi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Athar (Tripoli)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Birut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Batroun" title="Batroun">Botrys (Teros)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Gebal (Byblos)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Burak" title="Tell el-Burak">Ornithon (Tell el-Burak)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jieh" title="Jieh"> Porphyreon (Jieh)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sarepta" title="Sarepta">Sarepta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Sur (Tyre)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ushu" title="Ushu">Ushu (Palaetyrus)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Amad,_Lebanon" title="Umm al-Amad, Lebanon">Umm al-Amad</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Magna" title="Leptis Magna">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khoms,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoms, Libya">Khoms</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oea" title="Oea">Oyat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sabratha" title="Sabratha">Tsabratan</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd>Maleth (<a href="/wiki/Cospicua" title="Cospicua">Cospicua</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Melite_(ancient_city)" title="Melite (ancient city)">Ann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mdina" title="Mdina">Mdina</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gaulos (Gozo)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C4%A7ajn_Qajjet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Għajn Qajjet (page does not exist)">Għajn Qajjet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mtarfa" title="Mtarfa">Mtarfa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ras_il-Wardija" title="Ras il-Wardija">Ras il-Wardija</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tas-Sil%C4%A1" title="Tas-Silġ">Tas-Silġ</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Morocco</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azama (Azemmour)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Arambys (Mogador)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caricus_Murus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caricus Murus (page does not exist)">Caricus Murus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lixus_(ancient_city)" title="Lixus (ancient city)">Likush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larache" title="Larache">Larache</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Shalat (Chellah)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamusida" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamusida">Tamusida</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tingis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingis">Tinga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anfa" title="Anfa">Anfa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Volubilis" title="Volubilis">Volubilis</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mogador_Island" title="Mogador Island">Mogador</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rusadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oualidia" title="Oualidia">Oualidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iulia_Constantia_Zilil" title="Iulia Constantia Zilil">Zilil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Gadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Sala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thymiaterium" title="Thymiaterium">Thymiaterium</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Rusibis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Portim%C3%A3o" title="Portimão">Portus Hannibalis</a></dd> <dd>Portus Magonis (Portimão)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Olissipona (Lisbon)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Faro,_Portugal" title="Faro, Portugal">Ossonoba (Faro)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Balsa_(Roman_town)" title="Balsa (Roman town)">Balsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tavira" title="Tavira">Tavira</a>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Abdera,_Spain" title="Abdera, Spain">Abdera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adra,_Spain" title="Adra, Spain">Adra</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abyla" title="Abyla">Abyla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lucentum" title="Lucentum">Akra Leuka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Gadir (Cadiz)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guardamar_del_Segura" title="Guardamar del Segura">Herna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sa_Caleta_Phoenician_Settlement" title="Sa Caleta Phoenician Settlement">Iboshim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ibiza" title="Ibiza">Ibiza</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%B3n" title="Mahón">Mahón</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="History of Málaga">Malake</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Onoba</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Carthage (Cartagena)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rushadir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saguntum" class="mw-redirect" title="Saguntum">Saguntum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sexi_(Phoenician_colony)" title="Sexi (Phoenician colony)">Sexi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Almunecar" class="mw-redirect" title="Almunecar">Almunecar</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADjola" title="Tíjola">Tagilit (Tíjola)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Los_Toscanos" title="Los Toscanos">Toscanos</a> (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lez-M%C3%A1laga" title="Vélez-Málaga">Velez</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peniscola" title="Peniscola">Tyreche</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Arwad" title="Arwad">Arwad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit">Marat (Amrit)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baniyas" title="Baniyas">Balanaea (Baniyas)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carne,_Phoenicia" title="Carne, Phoenicia">Carne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paltus" title="Paltus">Paltus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Safita" title="Safita">Safita</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Sukas" title="Tell Sukas">Shuksi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Kazel" title="Tell Kazel">Sumur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunisia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kelibia" title="Kelibia">Aspis (Kelibia)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bulla_Regia" title="Bulla Regia">Bulla Regia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hadrumetum" title="Hadrumetum">Hadrumetum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sousse" title="Sousse">Sousse</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kerkouane" title="Kerkouane">Kerkouane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Parva" title="Leptis Parva">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monastir,_Tunisia" title="Monastir, Tunisia">Monastir</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maqom_Hadesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqom Hadesh">Maqom Hadesh (Ounga)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Meninx_(town)" title="Meninx (town)">Meninx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Djerba" title="Djerba">Djerba</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspe" title="Ruspe">Ruspe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspina" title="Ruspina">Ruspina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Kef" title="El Kef">Sicca (El Kef)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tabarka" title="Tabarka">Tabarka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thenae" title="Thenae">Tayinat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thyna" title="Thyna">Thyna</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thapsus" title="Thapsus">Thapsus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thysdrus" title="Thysdrus">Thysdrus</a> (<a href="/wiki/El_Djem" title="El Djem">El Djem</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Utica,_Tunisia" title="Utica, Tunisia">Utica</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Myriandus" title="Myriandus">Myriandus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Finike" title="Finike">Phoenicus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tahpanhes" title="Tahpanhes">Tahpanhes</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Italy_by_population91" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Italy" title="Template:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Italy" title="Template talk:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Italy_by_population91" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities in Italy</a> by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andria" title="Andria">Andria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foggia" title="Foggia">Foggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forl%C3%AC" title="Forlì">Forlì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giugliano_in_Campania" title="Giugliano in Campania">Giugliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latina,_Lazio" title="Latina, Lazio">Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monza" title="Monza">Monza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novara" title="Novara">Novara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prato" title="Prato">Prato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Emilia" title="Reggio Emilia">Reggio Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassari" title="Sassari">Sassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terni" title="Terni">Terni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udine" title="Udine">Udine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy540" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy540" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy">World Heritage Sites in Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Italy" title="Northwest Italy">Northwest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crespi_d%27Adda" title="Crespi d'Adda">Crespi d'Adda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_center_of_Genoa" title="Historic center of Genoa">Historic center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivrea" title="Ivrea">Ivrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantua" title="Mantua">Mantua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sabbioneta" title="Sabbioneta">Sabbioneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_San_Giorgio" title="Monte San Giorgio">Monte San Giorgio</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Venere" title="Porto Venere">Porto Venere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palmaria_(island)" title="Palmaria (island)">Palmaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tino_(island)" title="Tino (island)">Tino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tinetto" title="Tinetto">Tinetto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinque_Terre" title="Cinque Terre">Cinque Terre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residences_of_the_Royal_House_of_Savoy" title="Residences of the Royal House of Savoy">Residences of the Royal House of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhaetian_Railway" title="Rhaetian Railway">Rhaetian Railway</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Albula_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Albula Railway">Albula</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bernina_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernina railway">Bernina</a> Landscapes<sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Drawings_in_Valcamonica" title="Rock Drawings in Valcamonica">Rock Drawings in Valcamonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacri_Monti_of_Piedmont_and_Lombardy" title="Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy"><i>Sacri Monti</i> of Piedmont and Lombardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_(Milan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria delle Grazie (Milan)">Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vineyard_Landscape_of_Piedmont:_Langhe-Roero_and_Monferrato" title="Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato">Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont</a>: <a href="/wiki/Langhe" title="Langhe">Langhe</a>-<a href="/wiki/Roero" title="Roero">Roero</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montferrat" title="Montferrat">Monferrato</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Italy" title="Northeast Italy">Northeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquileia" title="Aquileia">Aquileia</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dolomites" title="Dolomites">Dolomites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a></li> <li>Le Colline del <a href="/wiki/Prosecco" title="Prosecco">Prosecco</a> di <a href="/wiki/Conegliano" title="Conegliano">Conegliano</a> e <a href="/wiki/Valdobbiadene" title="Valdobbiadene">Valdobbiadene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modena_Cathedral" title="Modena Cathedral">Modena Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torre_della_Ghirlandina" title="Torre della Ghirlandina">Torre della Ghirlandina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modena#Main_sights" title="Modena">Piazza Grande, Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orto_botanico_di_Padova" title="Orto botanico di Padova">Orto botanico di Padova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padua%27s_fourteenth-century_fresco_cycles" title="Padua's fourteenth-century fresco cycles">Padua's fourteenth-century fresco cycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porticoes_of_Bologna" title="Porticoes of Bologna">Porticoes of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenna#Main_sights" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Vicenza_and_the_Palladian_Villas_of_the_Veneto" title="City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto">City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Italy" title="Central Italy">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assisi" title="Assisi">Assisi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Francis_of_Assisi" title="Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi">Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li>Etruscan Necropolises of <a href="/wiki/Cerveteri" title="Cerveteri">Cerveteri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tarquinia" title="Tarquinia">Tarquinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spa_Towns_of_Europe" title="Great Spa Towns of Europe">Great Spa Towns of Europe - Montecatini Terme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Florence" title="Historic Centre of Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Villa" title="Hadrian's Villa">Hadrian's Villa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medici_villas" title="Medici villas">Medici villas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piazza_dei_Miracoli" title="Piazza dei Miracoli">Piazza del Duomo, Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pienza" title="Pienza">Pienza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gimignano" title="San Gimignano">San Gimignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbino" title="Urbino">Urbino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_d%27Orcia" title="Val d'Orcia">Val d'Orcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_d%27Este" title="Villa d'Este">Villa d'Este</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Italy" title="South Italy">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alberobello" title="Alberobello">Alberobello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalfi_Coast" title="Amalfi Coast">Amalfi Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appian_Way" title="Appian Way">Appian Way</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Via_Traiana" title="Via Traiana">Via Traiana</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castel_del_Monte,_Apulia" title="Castel del Monte, Apulia">Castel del Monte, Apulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parco_Nazionale_del_Cilento,_Vallo_di_Diano_e_Alburni" title="Parco Nazionale del Cilento, Vallo di Diano e Alburni">Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Paestum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Velia" title="Velia">Velia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Certosa_di_Padula" title="Certosa di Padula">Certosa di Padula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oplontis" title="Oplontis">Oplontis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Villa_Poppaea" title="Villa Poppaea">Villa Poppaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historic_Centre_of_Naples" title="Historic Centre of Naples">Historic Centre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Caserta" title="Royal Palace of Caserta">Royal Palace of Caserta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_of_Vanvitelli" title="Aqueduct of Vanvitelli">Aqueduct of Vanvitelli</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Leucio" title="San Leucio">San Leucio Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassi_di_Matera" title="Sassi di Matera">Sassi di Matera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insular_Italy" title="Insular Italy">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Islands" title="Aeolian Islands">Aeolian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab-Norman_Palermo_and_the_Cathedral_Churches_of_Cefal%C3%B9_and_Monreale" title="Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale">Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valle_dei_Templi" title="Valle dei Templi">Archaeological Area of Agrigento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Nuraxi_(Barumini)" title="Su Nuraxi (Barumini)">Barumini nuraghes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Etna" title="Mount Etna">Mount Etna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Necropolis_of_Pantalica" title="Necropolis of Pantalica">Necropolis of Pantalica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_di_Noto" title="Val di Noto">Val di Noto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Romana_del_Casale" title="Villa Romana del Casale">Villa Romana del Casale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countrywide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longobards_in_Italy,_Places_of_Power_(568%E2%80%93774_A.D.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)">Longobards in Italy, Places of Power (568–774 A.D.)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cividale_del_Friuli" title="Cividale del Friuli">Cividale del Friuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelseprio_(archaeological_park)" title="Castelseprio (archaeological park)">Castelseprio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spoleto" title="Spoleto">Spoleto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Clitumnus" title="Temple of Clitumnus">Temple of Clitumnus</a> located at <a href="/wiki/Campello_sul_Clitunno" title="Campello sul Clitunno">Campello sul Clitunno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Sofia,_Benevento" title="Santa Sofia, Benevento">Santa Sofia</a> located at <a href="/wiki/Benevento" title="Benevento">Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Monte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo">Sanctuary of Monte Sant'Angelo</a> located at <a href="/wiki/Monte_Sant%27Angelo" title="Monte Sant'Angelo">Monte Sant'Angelo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_and_Primeval_Beech_Forests_of_the_Carpathians_and_Other_Regions_of_Europe" title="Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe">Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Works_of_Defence_between_15th_and_17th_centuries:_Stato_da_Terra_%E2%80%93_western_Stato_da_Mar" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar">Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries</a><sup>5</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmanova" title="Palmanova">Palmanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peschiera_del_Garda" title="Peschiera del Garda">Peschiera del Garda</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><sup><small>4</small></sup> with 17 other countries</li> <li><sup><small>5</small></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2656#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2212" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2656#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2212" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2656#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/305114821">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126655748">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204982/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJp9pMgbKw48JbGyqPdWjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4044402-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79043751">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865252x">France</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945598t">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11865252x">BnF data</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945598t">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Palermo (Itálie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge328449&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX452078">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/37376">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007559649705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058617212606706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/817bf729-4a80-422e-b706-feeff29e9eea">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/164376380">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044918">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palermo&oldid=1283711203">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palermo&oldid=1283711203</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Sicily" title="Category:Cities and towns in Sicily">Cities and towns in Sicily</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Municipalities_of_the_Metropolitan_City_of_Palermo" title="Category:Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Palermo">Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Palermo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coastal_towns_in_Sicily" title="Category:Coastal towns in Sicily">Coastal towns in Sicily</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mediterranean_port_cities_and_towns_in_Italy" title="Category:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Italy">Mediterranean port cities and towns in Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palermo" title="Category:Palermo">Palermo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Capitals_of_former_nations" title="Category:Capitals of former nations">Capitals of former nations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Phoenician_colonies_in_Sicily" title="Category:Phoenician colonies in Sicily">Phoenician colonies in 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