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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="إدوارد ويلسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إدوارد ويلسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Эдвард Адрыян Уілсан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эдвард Адрыян Уілсан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Adrian_Wilson" title="Edward Adrian Wilson – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Edward Adrian Wilson" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Adrian_Wilson" title="Edward Adrian Wilson – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edward Adrian Wilson" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Adrian_Wilson" title="Edward Adrian Wilson – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Edward Adrian Wilson" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Adrian_Wilson" title="Edward Adrian Wilson – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Edward Adrian Wilson" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ادوارد آدریان ویلسون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ادوارد آدریان ویلسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Adrian_Wilson" title="Edward Adrian Wilson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Edward Adrian Wilson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Adrian_Wilson" title="Edward Adrian Wilson – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Edward Adrian Wilson" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="אדוארד אדריאן וילסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדוארד אדריאן וילסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93_%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ედუარდ ადრიან უილსონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ედუარდ ადრიან უილსონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvards_Vilsons" title="Edvards Vilsons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Edvards Vilsons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Adrian_Wilson" title="Edward Adrian Wilson – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Edward Adrian Wilson" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Adrian_Wilson" title="Edward Adrian Wilson – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Edward Adrian Wilson" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Adrian_Wilson" title="Edward Adrian Wilson – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Edward Adrian Wilson" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Adrian_Wilson" title="Edward Adrian Wilson – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Edward Adrian Wilson" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Wilson" title="Edward Wilson – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Edward Wilson" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%AD%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Уилсон, Эдвард Адриан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Уилсон, Эдвард Адриан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Adrian_Wilson" title="Edward Adrian Wilson – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Edward Adrian Wilson" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%90%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Едвард 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with similar names, see <a href="/wiki/Edward_Wilson_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Edward Wilson (disambiguation)">Edward Wilson (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Edward Wilson</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_London_Zoological_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the London Zoological Society">FZS</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_A._Wilson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Edward_A._Wilson.jpg/220px-Edward_A._Wilson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Edward_A._Wilson.jpg/330px-Edward_A._Wilson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Edward_A._Wilson.jpg/440px-Edward_A._Wilson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1058" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Edward Adrian Wilson</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1872-07-23</span>)</span>23 July 1872<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Cheltenham" title="Cheltenham">Cheltenham</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 March 1912<span style="display:none">(1912-03-29)</span> (aged 39)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Ross_Ice_Shelf" title="Ross Ice Shelf">Ross Ice Shelf</a>, Antarctica</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_College" title="Cheltenham College">Cheltenham College</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Gonville and Caius College">Gonville and Caius College</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_University_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's University of London">St George's University of London</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Polar_exploration" title="Polar exploration">Polar explorer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ornithologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornithologist">ornithologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_historian" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural historian">natural historian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">artist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employers</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_General_Hospital" title="Cheltenham General Hospital">Cheltenham General Hospital</a></td></tr><tr><th><div align="left">Expeditions </div></th><td><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery expedition"><i>Discovery</i> expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Terra Nova expedition"><i>Terra Nova</i> expedition</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oriana_Fanny_Souper" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriana Fanny Souper">Oriana Fanny Souper</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1901)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society%27s_Patron%27s_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Geographical Society's Patron's Medal">Royal Geographical Society's Patron's Medal</a> (1913)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Edward Adrian Wilson</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_London_Zoological_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the London Zoological Society">FZS</a></span></span> (23 July 1872 – 29 March 1912) was an English <a href="/wiki/Polar_exploration" title="Polar exploration">polar explorer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ornithologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornithologist">ornithologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_historian" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural historian">natural historian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> and artist. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Wilson_(explorer)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham" title="Cheltenham">Cheltenham</a> on 23 July 1872, Wilson was the second son and fifth child of physician Edward Thomas Wilson and his wife, Mary Agnes, née Whishaw.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200817_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200817-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A clever, sensitive, but boisterous boy, he developed a love of the countryside, natural history and drawing from an early age.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200823–25_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200823–25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was sent as a boarder to a preparatory school in <a href="/wiki/Clifton,_Bristol" title="Clifton, Bristol">Clifton, Bristol</a>, but after failing to gain a scholarship to public school, he attended <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_College" title="Cheltenham College">Cheltenham College</a> for boys as a day pupil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200825–26_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200825–26-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His mother was a poultry breeder and he spent much of his youth at The Crippetts farm, <a href="/wiki/Shurdington" title="Shurdington">Shurdington</a> near Cheltenham.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200822,_26_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200822,_26-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the age of nine, he had announced to his parents that he was going to become a naturalist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200824_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200824-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With encouragement and tuition from his father, he started to draw pictures of the wildlife and fauna in the fields around the farm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200826_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200826-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Worst_Journey_in_the_World" title="The Worst Journey in the World">The Worst Journey in the World</a> explains that "as a boy his father sent him away on rambling holidays, the only condition being that he should return with a certain number of drawings." After passing his exams with honours in science in 1891, he went to <a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge</a>, where he read <a href="/wiki/Natural_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural Sciences">Natural Sciences</a>, obtaining a <a href="/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification" title="British undergraduate degree classification">first-class degree</a> in 1894.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200828–30_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200828–30-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was during his time there that he developed the deep Christian faith and <a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">asceticism</a> by which he lived his life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200834–35_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200834–35-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He studied for his <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachelor of Medicine">Bachelor of Medicine</a> degree at <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Hospital_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Hospital Medical School">St George's Hospital Medical School</a>, London and undertook mission work in the slums of <a href="/wiki/Battersea" title="Battersea">Battersea</a> in his spare time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200841–48_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200841–48-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1898, shortly before qualifying as a doctor, Wilson became seriously ill and was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_tuberculosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonary tuberculosis">pulmonary tuberculosis</a>, contracted during his mission work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200850–51_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200850–51-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a long convalescence from this illness he spent months in Norway and Switzerland, time he used to practise and develop his skills as an artist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200852–56_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200852–56-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He qualified in medicine in 1900, and the next year was appointed <a href="/wiki/Pre-registration_house_officer" title="Pre-registration house officer">junior house surgeon</a> at <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_General_Hospital" title="Cheltenham General Hospital">Cheltenham General Hospital</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200831,_58–64_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200831,_58–64-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1897, he met <a href="/wiki/Oriana_Fanny_Souper" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriana Fanny Souper">Oriana Fanny Souper</a> at Caius House, Battersea, while he was conducting mission work.<sup id="cite_ref-jisc_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jisc-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They married on 16 July 1901,<sup id="cite_ref-jisc_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jisc-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> three weeks before setting off for the Antarctic as a member of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Robert Falcon Scott</a>'s expedition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200869–70_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200869–70-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wedding was in <a href="/wiki/Hilton,_Huntingdonshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilton, Huntingdonshire">Hilton, Huntingdonshire</a>, where her father was vicar.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antarctica">Antarctica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Wilson_(explorer)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Antarctica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discovery_Expedition"><i>Discovery</i> Expedition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Wilson_(explorer)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Discovery Expedition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ATLNZ_11714.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/ATLNZ_11714.jpeg/220px-ATLNZ_11714.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/ATLNZ_11714.jpeg/330px-ATLNZ_11714.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/ATLNZ_11714.jpeg/440px-ATLNZ_11714.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="5793" data-file-height="3988" /></a><figcaption>Shackleton, Scott and Wilson, on 2 November 1902</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1901 to 1904, Wilson acted as junior surgeon, zoologist and expedition artist, setting off on the <a href="/wiki/Discovery_Expedition" title="Discovery Expedition"><i>Discovery</i> Expedition</a> on 6 August 1901. They reached Antarctica in January 1902. On 2 November, Wilson, Scott and <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Ernest Shackleton</a> set off on a journey that, at the time, was the southernmost trek achieved by any explorer. The party had dogs but they were not experienced in using them and the food brought for the dogs had gone bad. With many of the dogs dead, they turned back on 31 December, having reached latitude 82° 17'S. They had travelled 300 miles (480 km) farther south than anyone before them and were only 480 miles (770 km) from the Pole.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shackleton was deteriorating rapidly, coughing blood and suffering fainting spells and unable to help pull the sledge. Scott and Wilson, themselves suffering, struggled to get the party home. It was a close call. However, 93 days after setting off, having covered 960 miles (1,540 km), they reached the <i>Discovery</i> and safety in February 1903. The following month, Shackleton, having suffered particularly badly from scurvy and exhaustion, was sent home early by Scott on the relief ship <i><a href="/wiki/SY_Morning" title="SY Morning">Morning</a></i>. </p><p>Cherry-Garrard writes: </p> <blockquote><p> Wilson was not a particularly strong man. On leaving with the Discovery he was but lately cured of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">consumption</a>, yet he went with Scott to his farthest South, and helped to get Shackleton back alive. Shackleton owed his life to those two. Wilson was of a slimmer, more athletic build, a great walker, 5 feet 10½ inches in height, 11 <a href="/wiki/Stone_(unit)" title="Stone (unit)">stones</a> in weight, with a chest measurement of 36 inches. He was an ideal example of my contention, which I believe can be proved many times over to be a fact, that it is not strength of body but rather strength of will which carries a man farthest where mind and body are taxed at the same time to their utmost limit.</p></blockquote> <p>On his return, Shackleton asked Wilson to join his <a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Expedition" title="Nimrod Expedition"><i>Nimrod</i> Expedition</a> to Antarctica in 1907, but partly out of loyalty to Scott, Wilson declined.<sup id="cite_ref-bionotes_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bionotes-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terra_Nova_Expedition"><i>Terra Nova</i> Expedition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Wilson_(explorer)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Terra Nova Expedition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_Crozier_-_Watercolor_by_Wilson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cape_Crozier_-_Watercolor_by_Wilson.jpg/220px-Cape_Crozier_-_Watercolor_by_Wilson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cape_Crozier_-_Watercolor_by_Wilson.jpg/330px-Cape_Crozier_-_Watercolor_by_Wilson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Cape_Crozier_-_Watercolor_by_Wilson.jpg/440px-Cape_Crozier_-_Watercolor_by_Wilson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1824" data-file-height="1144" /></a><figcaption><i>The great ice barrier – looking east from Cape Crozier</i>, 1911 watercolour by Wilson</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scott1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Scott1.jpg/260px-Scott1.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Scott1.jpg/390px-Scott1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Scott1.jpg/520px-Scott1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2935" data-file-height="2082" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_Robertson_Bowers" title="Henry Robertson Bowers">Bowers</a>, Wilson and Cherry-Garrard</figcaption></figure> <p>On 15 June 1910, Wilson set sail from <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_(ship)" title="Terra Nova (ship)"><i>Terra Nova</i></a>, as chief of the scientific staff of Scott's final journey, the <a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_Expedition" title="Terra Nova Expedition"><i>Terra Nova</i> Expedition</a>. After making stops in <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Trinidad" class="mw-redirect" title="South Trinidad">South Trinidad</a>, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, the <i>Terra Nova</i> was trapped for three weeks by pack ice, and finally arrived at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Evans" title="Cape Evans">Cape Evans</a> in <a href="/wiki/McMurdo_Sound" title="McMurdo Sound">McMurdo Sound</a> in early January 1911. A base camp hut was built and three weeks later work began to establish the supply depots in preparation for the journey to the <a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a> the following austral spring. Deteriorating weather conditions and weak, unacclimatised ponies meant that the main supply point, One Ton Depot, was laid 35 miles (56 km) further north of its planned location at 80°S, something that was to prove critical during the return journey from the Pole the following year. </p> <blockquote> <p>In addition to the drawings of land, pack, icebergs and <a href="/wiki/Ross_Ice_Shelf" title="Ross Ice Shelf">Barrier</a>, the primary object of which was scientific and geographical, Wilson has left a number of paintings of atmospheric phenomena which are not only scientifically accurate but are also exceedingly beautiful. Of such are the records of <a href="/wiki/Aurora" title="Aurora">auroral</a> displays, <a href="/wiki/Sun_dog" title="Sun dog">parhelions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moon_dog" title="Moon dog">paraselene</a>, <a href="/wiki/22%C2%B0_halo" title="22° halo">lunar halos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fog_bow" title="Fog bow">fog bows</a>, irridescent (<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>) clouds, <a href="/wiki/Looming_and_similar_refraction_phenomena" title="Looming and similar refraction phenomena">refracted images</a> of mountains and <a href="/wiki/Mirage" title="Mirage">mirage</a> generally. If you look at a picture of a parhelion by Wilson not only can you be sure that the mock suns, circles and shafts appeared in the sky as they are shown on paper, but you can also rest assured that the number of degrees between, say, the sun and the outer ring of light were in fact such as he has represented them. You can also be certain in looking at his pictures that if <a href="/wiki/Cirrus_cloud" title="Cirrus cloud">cirrus</a> cloud is shown, then cirrus and not <a href="/wiki/Stratus_cloud" title="Stratus cloud">stratus</a> cloud was in the sky: if it is not shown, then the sky was clear. It is accuracy such as this which gives an exceptional value to work viewed from a scientific standpoint. Mention should also be made of the paintings and drawings made constantly by Wilson for the various specialists on the expedition whenever they wished for colour records of their specimens; in this connection the paintings of fish and various parasites are especially valuable. </p><p>I am not specially qualified to judge Wilson from the artistic point of view. But if you want accuracy of drawing, truth of colour, and a reproduction of the soft and delicate atmospheric effects which obtain in this part of the world, then you have them here. Whatever may be said of the painting as such, it is undeniable that an artist of this type is of inestimable value to an expedition which is doing scientific and geographical work in a little-known part of the earth. </p><p>Wilson himself set a low value on his artistic capacity. We used to discuss what <a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" title="J. M. W. Turner">Turner</a> would have produced in a land which offered colour effects of such beauty. If we urged him to try and paint some peculiar effect and he felt that to do so was beyond his powers he made no scruple of saying so. His colour is clear, his brush-work clean: and he handled sledging subjects with the vigour of a professional who knew all there was to be known about a sledging life. </p><p>—Excerpt from <a href="/wiki/The_Worst_Journey_in_the_World" title="The Worst Journey in the World">The Worst Journey in the World</a> by <a href="/wiki/Apsley_Cherry-Garrard" title="Apsley Cherry-Garrard">Apsley Cherry-Garrard</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cherry_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cherry-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Return_of_Wilson_Bowers_Cherry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Return_of_Wilson_Bowers_Cherry.jpg/220px-Return_of_Wilson_Bowers_Cherry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Return_of_Wilson_Bowers_Cherry.jpg/330px-Return_of_Wilson_Bowers_Cherry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Return_of_Wilson_Bowers_Cherry.jpg/440px-Return_of_Wilson_Bowers_Cherry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="489" /></a><figcaption>Wilson, Bowers and Cherry-Garrard after their return</figcaption></figure> <p>In the austral winter of 1911, Wilson led the "winter journey", a journey with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Robertson_Bowers" title="Henry Robertson Bowers">Henry Robertson Bowers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apsley_Cherry-Garrard" title="Apsley Cherry-Garrard">Apsley Cherry-Garrard</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_penguin" title="Emperor penguin">emperor penguin</a> breeding grounds at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Crozier" title="Cape Crozier">Cape Crozier</a> to collect eggs for scientific study. The 60-mile (97 km) journey was made in almost total darkness, with temperatures reaching as low as −70 °F (−57 °C).<sup id="cite_ref-bionotes_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bionotes-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, while making a blubber stove, he was hit in the eye with boiling oil. Wilson only mentioned to Scott later, "I was incapacitated for a short time."<sup id="cite_ref-Cherry_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cherry-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frozen and exhausted, they reached their goal only to be stopped by a blizzard, during which their tent was ripped away and carried off by the wind, leaving the men trapped in their sleeping bags for a day and a half under a thickening drift of snow. Bowers sang to pass the time, and the other two joined in when they could hear him over the wind, occasionally kicking each other through their bags to indicate they were alive. When the winds subsided, by great fortune they found their tent lodged about half a mile away in rocks. Having successfully collected three eggs, and desperately exhausted, they returned to Cape Evans on 1 August 1911, five weeks after setting off.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cherry-Garrard later described this expedition in his memoir, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Worst_Journey_in_the_World" title="The Worst Journey in the World">The Worst Journey in the World</a></i>. </p><p>On 1 November, 14 men set off from Cape Evans on the long trip to the South Pole. Seventy-nine days later, Wilson was one of the five-man Polar party that reached the Pole on 18 January 1912,<sup id="cite_ref-bionotes_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bionotes-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only to find the pole had been claimed by Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Roald Amundsen</a> and his team just five weeks earlier. </p><p>Their return journey soon became a desperate affair due to the combination of exhaustion, lack of nutrients in their diet and exceptionally adverse weather. On 17 February, near the base of the <a href="/wiki/Beardmore_Glacier" title="Beardmore Glacier">Beardmore Glacier</a>, petty officer <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Evans" title="Edgar Evans">Edgar Evans</a> died, suspected to be from a brain injury sustained after a fall into a crevasse two weeks earlier. Then, in a vain attempt to save his companions, Captain <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Oates" title="Lawrence Oates">Lawrence Oates</a> deliberately walked out of their tent to his death on 16 March after his frostbitten feet developed gangrene. Wilson, Scott and Bowers continued on for three more days, progressing an extra 20 miles (32 km), but were stopped by a blizzard on 20 March, 11 miles (18 km) short of the 'One Ton' food depot that could have saved them.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scottgroup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Scottgroup.jpg/220px-Scottgroup.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Scottgroup.jpg/330px-Scottgroup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Scottgroup.jpg/440px-Scottgroup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>At the South Pole: Wilson, Bowers, Evans, Scott and Oates</figcaption></figure> <p>The blizzard continued for days, longer than they had fuel and food for. Too weak, cold and hungry to continue, they died in their tent on or soon after 29 March—Scott's last diary entry—still 148 miles (238 km) from their base camp. Their bodies were found by a search party the following spring on 12 November 1912. Their tent was collapsed over them by the search party who then buried them where they lay, under a snow cairn, topped by a cross made from a pair of skis.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When news of the tragedy reached Britain in February 1913, it was mourned nationally. </p><p>Affectionately nicknamed "Uncle Bill" by the men of the expedition, Wilson was the confidant of many, respected for his judgement, skills at mediation and dedication to others. By all accounts, Wilson was probably Scott's closest comrade of the expedition. Scott wrote, "Words must always fail me when I talk of Bill Wilson. I believe he really is the finest character I ever met."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Scott's final camp was discovered by a search team in November 1912, Bowers and Wilson were found frozen in their sleeping bags. Scott's bag was open and his body partially out of his bag – his left arm was extended across Wilson. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Wilson_(explorer)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr_Edward_Adrian_Wilson,_The_Promenade,_Cheltenham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1092095.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dr_Edward_Adrian_Wilson%2C_The_Promenade%2C_Cheltenham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1092095.jpg/170px-Dr_Edward_Adrian_Wilson%2C_The_Promenade%2C_Cheltenham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1092095.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dr_Edward_Adrian_Wilson%2C_The_Promenade%2C_Cheltenham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1092095.jpg/255px-Dr_Edward_Adrian_Wilson%2C_The_Promenade%2C_Cheltenham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1092095.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dr_Edward_Adrian_Wilson%2C_The_Promenade%2C_Cheltenham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1092095.jpg/340px-Dr_Edward_Adrian_Wilson%2C_The_Promenade%2C_Cheltenham_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1092095.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>The statue of Wilson in Cheltenham, 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1913 Wilson was posthumously awarded the <a href="/wiki/Patron%27s_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Patron's Medal">Patron's Medal</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geographical Society</a> for his work in the Antarctic.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, the college flag, which Wilson took to the <a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a>, is preserved. </p><p>Wilson's artwork and objects relating to him appear in several museum collections. The largest collection of his artwork is held at the <a href="/wiki/Scott_Polar_Research_Institute" title="Scott Polar Research Institute">Scott Polar Research Institute</a>, part of the University of Cambridge, which cares for over 200 watercolours of British birds by Wilson, as well as a further 150 paintings made in Antarctica. His watercolours were done quickly by necessity, as the paper would freeze as he worked, and were remembered by members of the Terra Nova expedition as faithful depictions of their journey. His admiration of <a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">John Ruskin</a> influenced his work.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The institute's Polar Museum displays a range of objects associated with Wilson, including: </p> <ul><li>A sledging flag his wife sewed for him, was, after his death, first displayed in <a href="/wiki/Gloucester_Cathedral" title="Gloucester Cathedral">Gloucester Cathedral</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is now in the collection of the Scott Polar Research Institute.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A black flag from the <a href="/wiki/Amundsen%27s_South_Pole_expedition" title="Amundsen's South Pole expedition">Amundsen's South Pole expedition</a> found near the South Pole and brought back by Wilson on the British Antarctic Expedition of 1910–1913.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A Royal Geographical Society Patron's Medal (George V issue), in a dark blue case, awarded posthumously to Wilson and presented to Mrs Wilson in 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A candlestick made by Wilson out of a <a href="/wiki/Huntley_%26_Palmers" title="Huntley & Palmers">Huntley & Palmers</a> biscuit tin during the British Antarctic Expedition.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The journal kept by Wilson during the South Polar journey on the <i>Terra Nova</i> expedition is held in the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>, along with Captain Scott's diary from the expedition.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Wilson_(Cheltenham)" title="The Wilson (Cheltenham)">The Wilson</a> art gallery and museum in Cheltenham, holds a collection of watercolours and drawings made by Wilson, as well as the family papers of his father, Edward Thomas Wilson, who was instrumental in founding the Camera Club, museum, library, a fever hospital, district nursing organisation, and clean water provision for the town.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/RRS_Discovery" title="RRS Discovery">RRS <i>Discovery</i></a> in Dundee, the ship Wilson first travelled to Antarctica on, is preserved as a heritage site, and accessible to visitors. The Dundee Heritage Trust collection also includes a small collection of material including a scrapbook and photographs from the <i>Terra Nova</i> expedition.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The statue of Wilson on the Promenade in Cheltenham, modelled by Scott's widow <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Scott" title="Kathleen Scott">Kathleen Scott</a>, was unveiled on 9 July 1914 by Arctic explorer Sir <a href="/wiki/Clements_Markham" title="Clements Markham">Clements Markham</a>. In September 2013 the <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_Art_Gallery_%26_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheltenham Art Gallery & Museum">Cheltenham Art Gallery & Museum</a> was renamed 'The Wilson' in his honour.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a large block of flats named after him in <a href="/wiki/Hesters_Way" title="Hesters Way">Hesters Way</a>, Cheltenham. One of the houses at <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_College" title="Cheltenham College">Cheltenham College</a> is named Westal, after Wilson's family home on Montpellier Parade, Cheltenham.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">blue plaque</a> on the former Caius House in Battersea. The Edward Wilson Primary School in <a href="/wiki/Paddington" title="Paddington">Paddington</a>, London is named after him. The students' café at <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Hospital_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Hospital Medical School">St George's Hospital Medical School</a> is named Eddie Wilson's. </p><p>In the 1948 film <i><a href="/wiki/Scott_of_the_Antarctic_(film)" title="Scott of the Antarctic (film)">Scott of the Antarctic</a></i>, Wilson was played by <a href="/wiki/Harold_Warrender" title="Harold Warrender">Harold Warrender</a>. In the 1985 Central TV serial <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Place_on_Earth" title="The Last Place on Earth">The Last Place on Earth</a></i>, Wilson was played by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Moore_(actor)" title="Stephen Moore (actor)">Stephen Moore</a>. In the 2007 BBC Four production <i><a href="/wiki/The_Worst_Journey_in_the_World_(TV_programme)" title="The Worst Journey in the World (TV programme)">The Worst Journey in the World</a></i>, Wilson was played by John Arthur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Wilson_(explorer)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200817-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200817_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2008">Williams 2008</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200823–25-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200823–25_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2008">Williams 2008</a>, pp. 23–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200825–26-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200825–26_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2008">Williams 2008</a>, pp. 25–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200822,_26-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200822,_26_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2008">Williams 2008</a>, pp. 22, 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200824-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200824_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2008">Williams 2008</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200826-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200826_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2008">Williams 2008</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200828–30-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200828–30_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2008">Williams 2008</a>, pp. 28–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFACADWL891EA" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=&suro=w&fir=&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=WL891EA&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50">"Wilson, Edward Adrian (WL891EA)"</a>. <i>A Cambridge Alumni Database</i>. University of Cambridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wilson%2C+Edward+Adrian+%28WL891EA%29&rft.btitle=A+Cambridge+Alumni+Database&rft.pub=University+of+Cambridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvenn.lib.cam.ac.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsearch-2018.pl%3Fsur%3D%26suro%3Dw%26fir%3D%26firo%3Dc%26cit%3D%26cito%3Dc%26c%3Dall%26z%3Dall%26tex%3DWL891EA%26sye%3D%26eye%3D%26col%3Dall%26maxcount%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200834–35-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200834–35_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2008">Williams 2008</a>, pp. 34–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200841–48-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200841–48_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2008">Williams 2008</a>, pp. 41–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200850–51-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200850–51_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2008">Williams 2008</a>, pp. 50–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200852–56-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200852–56_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2008">Williams 2008</a>, pp. 52–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200831,_58–64-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200831,_58–64_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2008">Williams 2008</a>, pp. 31, 58–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jisc-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jisc_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jisc_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/664d2a28-3888-34ed-af90-f1d969448470">"Oriana Wilson collection"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Archives_Hub" title="Archives Hub">Archives Hub</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416034257/https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/664d2a28-3888-34ed-af90-f1d969448470">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archives+Hub&rft.atitle=Oriana+Wilson+collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchiveshub.jisc.ac.uk%2Fsearch%2Farchives%2F664d2a28-3888-34ed-af90-f1d969448470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200869–70-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200869–70_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2008">Williams 2008</a>, pp. 69–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaver" class="citation book cs1">Seaver, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.175884/2015.175884.Edward-Wilson-Of-The-Antarctic_djvu.txt"><i>Edward Wilson Of The Antarctic</i></a>. John Murray. p. 76<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edward+Wilson+Of+The+Antarctic&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.aulast=Seaver&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.175884%2F2015.175884.Edward-Wilson-Of-The-Antarctic_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Fashionable Weddings". <i>Cheltenham Chronicle</i>. 20 July 1901.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cheltenham+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Fashionable+Weddings&rft.date=1901-07-20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stanmoretouristboard.org.uk/edward-adrian-wilson.html">"Edward Adrian Wilson"</a>. Visit Stanmore. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191227150409/http://www.stanmoretouristboard.org.uk/edward-adrian-wilson.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edward+Adrian+Wilson&rft.pub=Visit+Stanmore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stanmoretouristboard.org.uk%2Fedward-adrian-wilson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlley2011" class="citation book cs1">Alley, Richard B. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tMu2qegjwu8C&q=edward+adrian+wilson+1902+trek&pg=PA88"><i>Earth: The Operators' Manual</i></a>. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 88–89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393083231" title="Special:BookSources/9780393083231"><bdi>9780393083231</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Earth%3A+The+Operators%27+Manual&rft.pages=88-89&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780393083231&rft.aulast=Alley&rft.aufirst=Richard+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtMu2qegjwu8C%26q%3Dedward%2Badrian%2Bwilson%2B1902%2Btrek%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bionotes-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bionotes_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bionotes_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bionotes_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/biography/Wilson-Edward-Adrian.php">"Edward Adrian Wilson Chief of scientific staff, biologist (1872–1912) – Biographical notes"</a>. Cool Antarctica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edward+Adrian+Wilson+Chief+of+scientific+staff%2C+biologist+%281872%E2%80%931912%29+%E2%80%93+Biographical+notes&rft.pub=Cool+Antarctica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coolantarctica.com%2FAntarctica%2520fact%2520file%2FHistory%2Fbiography%2FWilson-Edward-Adrian.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cherry-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cherry_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cherry_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>Cherry</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuller-SchwarzeMuller-Schwarze1972" class="citation journal cs1">Muller-Schwarze, Dietland; Muller-Schwarze, Christne (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BIi5Vmry3wcC&q=edward+adrian+wilson+Cape+Evans+1+August+1911&pg=PA15">"Wilson's stone hut at Cape Crozier"</a>. <i>Antarctic Journal of the United States</i>. <b>7–8</b>. National Science Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antarctic+Journal+of+the+United+States&rft.atitle=Wilson%27s+stone+hut+at+Cape+Crozier&rft.volume=7%E2%80%938&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Muller-Schwarze&rft.aufirst=Dietland&rft.au=Muller-Schwarze%2C+Christne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBIi5Vmry3wcC%26q%3Dedward%2Badrian%2Bwilson%2BCape%2BEvans%2B1%2BAugust%2B1911%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://antarctic-logistics.com/2010/08/28/edward-wilson/">"Edward Wilson"</a>. Antarctic Logistics. 28 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edward+Wilson&rft.pub=Antarctic+Logistics&rft.date=2010-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fantarctic-logistics.com%2F2010%2F08%2F28%2Fedward-wilson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2013" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, David K. C. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b3NBAgAAQBAJ&q=edward+adrian+wilson+bodies+snow+cairn+cross+ski&pg=PA260"><i>Doctors of Another Calling: Physicians Who Are Known Best in Fields Other than Medicine</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 260. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781611494679" title="Special:BookSources/9781611494679"><bdi>9781611494679</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doctors+of+Another+Calling%3A+Physicians+Who+Are+Known+Best+in+Fields+Other+than+Medicine&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781611494679&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=David+K.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db3NBAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dedward%2Badrian%2Bwilson%2Bbodies%2Bsnow%2Bcairn%2Bcross%2Bski%26pg%3DPA260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScottHuxley1913" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Robert Falcon; Huxley, Leonard (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/186217"><i>Scott's Last Expedition /</i></a>. Vol. 2. London: Smith, Elder. pp. 432–433. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5962%2Fbhl.title.105207">10.5962/bhl.title.105207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scott%27s+Last+Expedition+%2F&rft.place=London&rft.pages=432-433&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder&rft.date=1913&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5962%2Fbhl.title.105207&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Robert+Falcon&rft.au=Huxley%2C+Leonard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F186217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927221002/http://www.rgs.org/NR/rdonlyres/C5962519-882A-4C67-803D-0037308C756D/0/GoldMedallists18322011.pdf">"List of Past Gold Medal Winners"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geographical Society</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Past+Gold+Medal+Winners&rft.pub=Royal+Geographical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgs.org%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2FC5962519-882A-4C67-803D-0037308C756D%2F0%2FGoldMedallists18322011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/museum/catalogue/">"Scott Polar Research Institute art collections"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181115220142/https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/museum/catalogue/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scott+Polar+Research+Institute+art+collections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spri.cam.ac.uk%2Fmuseum%2Fcatalogue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span> Scott Polar Research Institute website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-wiltshire-18705582">"Explorer Edward Wilson's sledge flag returns to Gloucester Cathedral"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 5 July 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190518012914/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-wiltshire-18705582">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Explorer+Edward+Wilson%27s+sledge+flag+returns+to+Gloucester+Cathedral&rft.date=2012-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-wiltshire-18705582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/museum/catalogue/article/n274/">"Sledging flag"</a>. <i>Spri.cam.ac.uk/museum/</i>. SPRI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416094702/https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/museum/catalogue/article/n274/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spri.cam.ac.uk%2Fmuseum%2F&rft.atitle=Sledging+flag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spri.cam.ac.uk%2Fmuseum%2Fcatalogue%2Farticle%2Fn274%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stretchedwings.com/MainPages/AltGallery/Sledge/N.html">"Edward Wilson's sledge flag"</a>. <i>Stretched wings towards the South The Flags of the British Antarctic Expedition 1910–13</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190418124521/http://stretchedwings.com/MainPages/AltGallery/Sledge/N.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stretched+wings+towards+the+South+The+Flags+of+the+British+Antarctic+Expedition+1910%E2%80%9313&rft.atitle=Edward+Wilson%27s+sledge+flag&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstretchedwings.com%2FMainPages%2FAltGallery%2FSledge%2FN.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/museum/catalogue/article/n1038/">"Museum catalogue – Antarctic Collection – Black Flag"</a>. <i>Scott Polar Research Institute</i>. Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127022646/https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/museum/catalogue/article/n1038/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scott+Polar+Research+Institute&rft.atitle=Museum+catalogue+%E2%80%93+Antarctic+Collection+%E2%80%93+Black+Flag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spri.cam.ac.uk%2Fmuseum%2Fcatalogue%2Farticle%2Fn1038%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/museum/catalogue/article/n1038//">"Museum catalogue – Antarctic Collection – RGS Patron's Medal"</a>. <i>Scott Polar Research Institute</i>. Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127022646/https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/museum/catalogue/article/n1038/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scott+Polar+Research+Institute&rft.atitle=Museum+catalogue+%E2%80%93+Antarctic+Collection+%E2%80%93+RGS+Patron%27s+Medal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spri.cam.ac.uk%2Fmuseum%2Fcatalogue%2Farticle%2Fn1038%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/museum/catalogue/article/n743/">"Museum catalogue – Antarctic Collection – Candlestick Holder"</a>. <i>Scott Polar Research Institute</i>. Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127022431/https://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/museum/catalogue/article/n743/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scott+Polar+Research+Institute&rft.atitle=Museum+catalogue+%E2%80%93+Antarctic+Collection+%E2%80%93+Candlestick+Holder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spri.cam.ac.uk%2Fmuseum%2Fcatalogue%2Farticle%2Fn743%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://searcharchives.bl.uk/IAMS_VU2:IAMS032-002103761">"Manuscript Catalogue – Wilson's Sledging Diary"</a>. <i>British Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=Manuscript+Catalogue+%E2%80%93+Wilson%27s+Sledging+Diary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearcharchives.bl.uk%2FIAMS_VU2%3AIAMS032-002103761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cheltenhammuseum.org.uk/collection/antarctic-and-wilson-family-collections/">"Antarctic and Wilson Family Collection"</a>. <i>The Wilson</i>. The Cheltenham Trust. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127064702/https://www.cheltenhammuseum.org.uk/collection/antarctic-and-wilson-family-collections/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wilson&rft.atitle=Antarctic+and+Wilson+Family+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cheltenhammuseum.org.uk%2Fcollection%2Fantarctic-and-wilson-family-collections%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dhtcollections.com/shop/search.php?search=wilson">"Dundee Heritage Trust Collection"</a>. <i>Dundee Heritage Trust</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127022546/http://www.dhtcollections.com/shop/search.php?search=wilson">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dundee+Heritage+Trust&rft.atitle=Dundee+Heritage+Trust+Collection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhtcollections.com%2Fshop%2Fsearch.php%3Fsearch%3Dwilson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-gloucestershire-24141345">"Cheltenham's Museum and Art Gallery renamed The Wilson"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 18 September 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921051754/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-gloucestershire-24141345">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Cheltenham%27s+Museum+and+Art+Gallery+renamed+The+Wilson&rft.date=2013-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-gloucestershire-24141345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edwardawilson.com/biography-the-british-birds-1905-1910/">"Biography – The British Birds: 1905–1910"</a>. <i>Edward Wilson</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170810080340/http://www.edwardawilson.com/biography-the-british-birds-1905-1910/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Edward+Wilson&rft.atitle=Biography+%E2%80%93+The+British+Birds%3A+1905%E2%80%931910&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edwardawilson.com%2Fbiography-the-british-birds-1905-1910%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Wilson_(explorer)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1972" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Edward A. (1972). King, H. G. R. (ed.). <i>Edward Wilson: Diary of the 'Terra Nova' Expedition to the Antarctic 1910–1912</i>. London: Blandford Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0713705620" title="Special:BookSources/0713705620"><bdi>0713705620</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edward+Wilson%3A+Diary+of+the+%27Terra+Nova%27+Expedition+to+the+Antarctic+1910%E2%80%931912&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Blandford+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0713705620&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Edward+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1967" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Edward A. (1967). Roberts, B. (ed.). <i>Edward Wilson's Birds of the Antarctic</i>. London: Blandford Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0713704594" title="Special:BookSources/0713704594"><bdi>0713704594</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edward+Wilson%27s+Birds+of+the+Antarctic&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Blandford+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=0713704594&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Edward+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1966" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Edward A. (1966). Savours, Ann (ed.). <i>Diary of the Discovery Expedition to the Antarctic Regions 1901-1904</i>. London: Blandford Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0713704314" title="Special:BookSources/0713704314"><bdi>0713704314</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diary+of+the+Discovery+Expedition+to+the+Antarctic+Regions+1901-1904&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Blandford+Press&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=0713704314&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Edward+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaver1933" class="citation book cs1">Seaver, G. (1933). <i>Edward Wilson of the Antarctic: Naturalist and Friend</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)" title="John Murray (publishing house)">John Murray</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edward+Wilson+of+the+Antarctic%3A+Naturalist+and+Friend&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1933&rft.aulast=Seaver&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaver1937" class="citation book cs1">Seaver, G. (1937). <i>Edward Wilson Nature Lover</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)" title="John Murray (publishing house)">John Murray</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edward+Wilson+Nature+Lover&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1937&rft.aulast=Seaver&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaver1948" class="citation book cs1">Seaver, G. (1948). <i>The Faith of Edward Wilson</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)" title="John Murray (publishing house)">John Murray</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Faith+of+Edward+Wilson&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Seaver&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2008" class="citation book cs1">Williams, I. (2008). <i>With Scott in the Antarctic: Edward Wilson – explorer, naturalist, artist</i>. Stroud: <a href="/wiki/History_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="History Press">History Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780750948791" title="Special:BookSources/9780750948791"><bdi>9780750948791</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=With+Scott+in+the+Antarctic%3A+Edward+Wilson+%E2%80%93+explorer%2C+naturalist%2C+artist&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=History+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780750948791&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonElder2000" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, D. M.; Elder, D. B. (2000). <i>Cheltenham in Antarctica: the Life of Edward Wilson</i>. Cheltenham: Reardon Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781873877456" title="Special:BookSources/9781873877456"><bdi>9781873877456</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cheltenham+in+Antarctica%3A+the+Life+of+Edward+Wilson&rft.place=Cheltenham&rft.pub=Reardon+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9781873877456&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=D.+M.&rft.au=Elder%2C+D.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonWilson2004" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, D. M.; Wilson, C. J. (2004). <i>Edward Wilson's Nature Notebooks</i>. Cheltenham: Reardon Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781873877708" title="Special:BookSources/9781873877708"><bdi>9781873877708</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edward+Wilson%27s+Nature+Notebooks&rft.place=Cheltenham&rft.pub=Reardon+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781873877708&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=D.+M.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+C.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonWilson2011" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, D. M.; Wilson, C. J. (2011). <i>Edward Wilson's Antarctic Notebooks</i>. Cheltenham: Reardon Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781874192510" title="Special:BookSources/9781874192510"><bdi>9781874192510</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edward+Wilson%27s+Antarctic+Notebooks&rft.place=Cheltenham&rft.pub=Reardon+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781874192510&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=D.+M.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+C.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Wilson+%28explorer%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Wilson_(explorer)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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href="/wiki/List_of_research_stations_in_the_Arctic" title="List of research stations in the Arctic">Research stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farthest_North" title="Farthest North">Farthest North</a><br /><a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">North Pole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Barentsz" title="Willem Barentsz">Barentsz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Heemskerck" title="Jacob van Heemskerck">Heemskerck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Marmaduke" title="Thomas Marmaduke">Marmaduke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joris_Carolus" title="Joris Carolus">Carolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Parry" title="William Edward Parry">Parry</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_magnetic_pole" title="North magnetic pole">North magnetic pole</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Ross (Royal Navy officer)">J. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Abernethy_(explorer)" title="Thomas Abernethy (explorer)">Abernethy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Kent_Kane" title="Elisha Kent Kane">Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Israel_Hayes" title="Isaac Israel Hayes">Hayes</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Polaris_expedition" title="Polaris expedition"><i>Polaris</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Polaris_(1871)" title="USS Polaris (1871)"><i>Polaris</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Hall" title="Charles Francis Hall">C. F. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Bessels" title="Emil Bessels">Bessels</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Arctic_Expedition" title="British Arctic Expedition">British Arctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Alert_(1856)" title="HMS Alert (1856)">HMS <i>Alert</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nares" title="George Nares">Nares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Discovery_(1874)" title="HMS Discovery (1874)">HMS <i>Discovery</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Frederick_Stephenson" title="Henry Frederick Stephenson">Stephenson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Hastings_Markham" title="Albert Hastings Markham">Markham</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lady_Franklin_Bay_Expedition" title="Lady Franklin Bay Expedition">Lady Franklin Bay Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Greely" title="Adolphus Greely">Greely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Lockwood" title="James B. Lockwood">Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Brainard" title="David L. Brainard">Brainard</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nansen%27s_Fram_expedition" title="Nansen's Fram expedition">Nansen's <i>Fram</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Nansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Johansen" title="Hjalmar Johansen">Johansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Luigi_Amedeo,_Duke_of_the_Abruzzi" title="Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi">Amedeo</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9e%27s_Arctic_balloon_expedition" title="Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition">Andrée's balloon expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salomon_August_Andr%C3%A9e" title="Salomon August Andrée">S. A. Andrée</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cook" title="Frederick Cook">F. Cook</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/SS_Roosevelt_(1905)" title="SS Roosevelt (1905)">SS <i>Roosevelt</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Peary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Henson" title="Matthew Henson">Henson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Sedov" title="Georgy Sedov">Sedov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norge_(airship)" title="Norge (airship)"><i>Norge</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Nobile" title="Umberto Nobile">Nobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wisting" title="Oscar Wisting">Wisting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Riiser-Larsen" title="Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen">Riiser-Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Ellsworth" title="Lincoln Ellsworth">Ellsworth</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Italia_(airship)" title="Italia (airship)"><i>Italia</i></a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_O-12_(SS-73)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS O-12 (SS-73)"><i><b>Nautilus</b></i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Wilkins" title="Hubert Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-25" title="Tupolev ANT-25">ANT-25</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Chkalov" title="Valery Chkalov">Chkalov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Baydukov" title="Georgy Baydukov">Baydukov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vasilyevich_Belyakov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Vasilyevich Belyakov">Belyakov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Drifting_ice_station" title="Drifting ice station">Drifting ice stations</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-1" title="North Pole-1">NP-1</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Papanin" title="Ivan Papanin">Papanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Shirshov" title="Pyotr Shirshov">Shirshov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Fyodorov_(scientist)" title="Yevgeny Fyodorov (scientist)">E. Fyodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Krenkel" title="Ernst Krenkel">Krenkel</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-36" title="North Pole-36">NP-36</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/North_Pole-37" title="North Pole-37">NP-37</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Georgiy_Sedov_(1908_icebreaker)" title="Georgiy Sedov (1908 icebreaker)"><i>Georgiy Sedov</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Badygin" title="Konstantin Badygin">Badygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Wiese" title="Vladimir Wiese">Wiese</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/USS_Nautilus_(SSN-571)" title="USS Nautilus (SSN-571)">USS <i>Nautilus</i></a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Skate_(SSN-578)" title="USS Skate (SSN-578)">USS <i>Skate</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Plaisted" title="Ralph Plaisted">Plaisted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Herbert" title="Wally Herbert">Herbert</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arktika_(1972_icebreaker)" title="Arktika (1972 icebreaker)">NS <i>Arktika</i></a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barneo" title="Barneo">Barneo</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arktika_2007" title="Arktika 2007">Arktika 2007</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mir_(submersible)" title="Mir (submersible)"><i>Mir</i> submersibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Sagalevich" title="Anatoly Sagalevich">Sagalevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artur_Chilingarov" title="Artur Chilingarov">Chilingarov</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pytheas" title="Pytheas">Pytheas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brendan_the_Navigator" title="Brendan the Navigator">Brendan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Papar" title="Papar">Papar</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Viking_expansion" title="Viking expansion">Vikings</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naddodd" title="Naddodd">Naddodd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gar%C3%B0ar_Svavarsson" title="Garðar Svavarsson">Garðar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ing%C3%B3lfr_Arnarson" title="Ingólfr Arnarson">Ingólfr</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America" title="Norse colonization of North America">Norse colonization of North America</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnbj%C3%B6rn_Ulfsson" title="Gunnbjörn Ulfsson">Gunnbjörn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%A6bj%C3%B6rn_galti" title="Snæbjörn galti">Snæbjörn galti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_the_Red" title="Erik the Red">Erik the Red</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Christian_IV%27s_expeditions_to_Greenland" title="Christian IV's expeditions to Greenland">Christian IV's expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Hall_(explorer)" title="James Hall (explorer)">J. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cunningham_(explorer)" title="John Cunningham (explorer)">Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godske_Lindenov" title="Godske Lindenov">Lindenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Richardson" title="Carsten Richardson">C. Richardson</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Danish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Danish colonization of the Americas">Danish colonization</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Egede" title="Hans Egede">Egede</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Scoresby" title="William Scoresby">Scoresby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Nansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Peary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knud_Rasmussen" title="Knud Rasmussen">Rasmussen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Cabot" title="John Cabot">Cabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Corte-Real" title="Gaspar Corte-Real">G. Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Corte-Real" title="Miguel Corte-Real">M. Corte-Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Frobisher" title="Martin Frobisher">Frobisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Gilbert" title="Humphrey Gilbert">Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(explorer)" title="John Davis (explorer)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_(1602_ship)" title="Discovery (1602 ship)"><i>Discovery</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bylot" title="Robert Bylot">Bylot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baffin" title="William Baffin">Baffin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Munk" title="Jens Munk">Munk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Fyodorov_(navigator)" title="Ivan Fyodorov (navigator)">I. Fyodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Discovery_(1774)" title="HMS Discovery (1774)">HMS <i>Discovery</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Clerke" title="Charles Clerke">Clerke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(explorer)" title="Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Kotzebue" title="Otto von Kotzebue">Kotzebue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Ross (Royal Navy officer)">J. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Griper_(1813)" title="HMS Griper (1813)">HMS <i>Griper</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Parry" title="William Edward Parry">Parry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Hecla_(1815)" title="HMS Hecla (1815)">HMS <i>Hecla</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Francis_Lyon" title="George Francis Lyon">Lyon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Fury_(1814)" title="HMS Fury (1814)">HMS <i>Fury</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Parkyns_Hoppner" title="Henry Parkyns Hoppner">Hoppner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Coppermine_expedition" title="Coppermine expedition">Coppermine expedition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Franklin" title="John Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Back" title="George Back">Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Warren_Dease" title="Peter Warren Dease">Dease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Simpson_(explorer)" title="Thomas Simpson (explorer)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Blossom_(1806)" title="HMS Blossom (1806)">HMS <i>Blossom</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Beechey" title="Frederick William Beechey">Beechey</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Franklin%27s_lost_expedition" title="Franklin's lost expedition">Franklin's lost expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Collinson" title="Richard Collinson">Collinson</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rae%E2%80%93Richardson_Arctic_expedition" title="Rae–Richardson Arctic expedition">Rae–Richardson expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rae_(explorer)" title="John Rae (explorer)">Rae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Richardson_(naturalist)" title="John Richardson (naturalist)">J. Richardson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Thomas_Austin" title="Horatio Thomas Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/McClure_Arctic_expedition" title="McClure Arctic expedition">McClure expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Investigator_(1848)" title="HMS Investigator (1848)">HMS <i>Investigator</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_McClure" title="Robert McClure">McClure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolute_(1850)" title="HMS Resolute (1850)">HMS <i>Resolute</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kellett" title="Henry Kellett">Kellett</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Belcher" title="Edward Belcher">Belcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kennedy_(explorer)" title="William Kennedy (explorer)">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ren%C3%A9_Bellot" title="Joseph René Bellot">Bellot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_(1850_ship)" title="Isabel (1850 ship)"><i>Isabel</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Augustus_Inglefield" title="Edward Augustus Inglefield">Inglefield</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Grinnell_expedition" title="Second Grinnell expedition">2nd Grinnell expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Advance_(1847)" title="USS Advance (1847)">USS <i>Advance</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Kent_Kane" title="Elisha Kent Kane">Kane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_(ship)" title="Fox (ship)"><i>Fox</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_McClintock" title="Leopold McClintock">McClintock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Jeannette_(1878)" title="USS Jeannette (1878)">HMS <i>Pandora</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Young" title="Allen Young">Young</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Sverdrup</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%B8a" title="Gjøa">Gjøa</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knud_Rasmussen" title="Knud Rasmussen">Rasmussen</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Last_voyage_of_the_Karluk" title="Last voyage of the Karluk">Karluk</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilhjalmur_Stefansson" title="Vilhjalmur Stefansson">Stefansson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bartlett_(explorer)" title="Robert Bartlett (explorer)">Bartlett</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/St._Roch_(ship)" title="St. Roch (ship)"><i>St. Roch</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Larsen_(explorer)" title="Henry Larsen (explorer)">H. Larsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Scott_Cowper" title="David Scott Cowper">Cowper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Sea_Route" title="Northern Sea Route">North East Passage</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Far_North_(Russia)" title="Far North (Russia)">Russian Arctic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pomors" title="Pomors">Pomors</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_(boat)" title="Koch (boat)">Koch boats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Willoughby" title="Hugh Willoughby">Willoughby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Chancellor" title="Richard Chancellor">Chancellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Barentsz" title="Willem Barentsz">Barentsz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Heemskerck" title="Jacob van Heemskerck">Heemskerck</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mangazeya" title="Mangazeya">Mangazeya</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Poole" title="Jonas Poole">Poole</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Cossacks" title="Siberian Cossacks">Siberian Cossacks</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Perfilyev" title="Ilya Perfilyev">Perfilyev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Stadukhin" title="Mikhail Stadukhin">Stadukhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semyon_Dezhnev" title="Semyon Dezhnev">Dezhnev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedot_Alekseyevich_Popov" title="Fedot Alekseyevich Popov">Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurbat_Ivanov" title="Kurbat Ivanov">Ivanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkury_Vagin" title="Merkury Vagin">Vagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Permyakov" title="Yakov Permyakov">Permyakov</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Expedition" title="Great Northern Expedition">Great Northern Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitus_Bering" title="Vitus Bering">Bering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Chirikov" title="Aleksei Chirikov">Chirikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Malygin" title="Stepan Malygin">Malygin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Ovtsyn" title="Dmitry Ovtsyn">Ovtsyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Minin" title="Fyodor Minin">Minin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasili_Pronchishchev" title="Vasili Pronchishchev">V. Pronchishchev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pronchishcheva" title="Maria Pronchishcheva">M. Pronchishcheva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semyon_Chelyuskin" title="Semyon Chelyuskin">Chelyuskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khariton_Laptev" title="Khariton Laptev">Kh. Laptev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Laptev" title="Dmitry Laptev">D. Laptev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Chichagov" title="Vasily Chichagov">Chichagov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Lyakhov" title="Ivan Lyakhov">Lyakhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Billings" title="Joseph Billings">Billings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Sannikov" title="Yakov Sannikov">Sannikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matvei_Gedenshtrom" title="Matvei Gedenshtrom">Gedenshtrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Wrangel" title="Ferdinand von Wrangel">Wrangel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Matyushkin" title="Fyodor Matyushkin">Matyushkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Anjou" title="Pyotr Anjou">Anjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Benjamin_von_L%C3%BCtke" title="Friedrich Benjamin von Lütke">Litke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lavrov" title="Mikhail Lavrov">Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Pakhtusov" title="Pyotr Pakhtusov">Pakhtusov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avgust_Tsivolko" title="Avgust Tsivolko">Tsivolko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Middendorff" title="Alexander von Middendorff">Middendorff</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_North_Pole_expedition" title="Austro-Hungarian North Pole expedition">Austro-Hungarian Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Weyprecht" title="Karl Weyprecht">Weyprecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_von_Payer" title="Julius von Payer">Payer</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vega_Expedition" title="Vega Expedition"><i>Vega</i> Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Erik_Nordenski%C3%B6ld" title="Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld">A. E. Nordenskiöld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Palander" title="Louis Palander">Palander</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_expedition" title="Jeannette expedition"><i>Jeannette</i> expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Jeannette_(1878)" title="USS Jeannette (1878)">USS <i>Jeannette</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._De_Long" title="George W. De Long">De Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Melville" title="George W. Melville">Melville</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yermak_(1898_icebreaker)" title="Yermak (1898 icebreaker)"><i>Yermak</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Makarov" title="Stepan Makarov">Makarov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zarya_(polar_ship)" title="Zarya (polar ship)"><i>Zarya</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_von_Toll" title="Eduard von Toll">Toll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Kolomeitsev" title="Nikolai Kolomeitsev">Kolomeitsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Matisen" title="Fyodor Matisen">Matisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kolchak" title="Alexander Kolchak">Kolchak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Sedov" title="Georgy Sedov">Sedov</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rusanov_expedition" title="Rusanov expedition">Rusanov expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Rusanov" title="Vladimir Rusanov">Rusanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kuchin" title="Alexander Kuchin">Kuchin</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brusilov_expedition" title="Brusilov expedition">Brusilov expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Svyataya_Anna" title="Svyataya Anna">Sv. Anna</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Brusilov" title="Georgy Brusilov">Brusilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_Albanov" title="Valerian Albanov">Albanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Konrad" title="Alexander Konrad">Konrad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Wiese" title="Vladimir Wiese">Wiese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Nag%C3%B3rski" title="Jan Nagórski">Nagórski</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taymyr_(1909_icebreaker)" title="Taymyr (1909 icebreaker)"><i>Taymyr</i></a></b> / <b><a href="/wiki/Vaygach_(1909_icebreaker)" title="Vaygach (1909 icebreaker)"><i>Vaygach</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Vilkitsky" title="Boris Vilkitsky">Vilkitsky</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Maud_(ship)" title="Maud (ship)"><i>Maud</i></a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Arctic_and_Antarctic_Research_Institute" title="Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute">AARI</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Samoylovich" title="Rudolf Samoylovich">Samoylovich</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikifor_Begichev" title="Nikifor Begichev">Begichev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Urvantsev" title="Nikolay Urvantsev">Urvantsev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadko_(1913_icebreaker)" title="Sadko (1913 icebreaker)"><i>Sadko</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgy_Ushakov" title="Georgy Ushakov">Ushakov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chief_Directorate_of_the_Northern_Sea_Route" title="Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route">Glavsevmorput</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Schmidt" title="Otto Schmidt">Schmidt</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Aviaarktika" title="Aviaarktika">Aviaarktika</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Shevelev" title="Mark Shevelev">Shevelev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Sibiryakov_(icebreaker)" title="A. Sibiryakov (icebreaker)"><i>A. Sibiryakov</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Voronin_(captain)" title="Vladimir Voronin (captain)">Voronin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Chelyuskin" title="SS Chelyuskin"><i>Chelyuskin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krassin_(1916_icebreaker)" title="Krassin (1916 icebreaker)"><i>Krassin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakov_Gakkel" title="Yakov Gakkel">Gakkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear-powered_icebreaker" title="Nuclear-powered icebreaker">Nuclear-powered icebreakers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenin_(1957_icebreaker)" title="Lenin (1957 icebreaker)"><i>Lenin</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arktika-class_icebreaker" title="Arktika-class icebreaker"><i>Arktika</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">icebreaker</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Antarctic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_exploration" class="mw-redirect" title="Antarctic exploration">Antarctic</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_Continent_*_History_*_Expeditions"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Continent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Antarctica" title="History of Antarctica">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_expeditions" title="List of Antarctic expeditions">Expeditions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_de_la_Roch%C3%A9" title="Anthony de la Roché">Roché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Charles_Bouvet_de_Lozier" title="Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier">Bouvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves-Joseph_de_Kerguelen-Tr%C3%A9marec" title="Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec">Kerguelen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Adventure_(1771)" title="HMS Adventure (1771)">HMS <i>Adventure</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Furneaux" title="Tobias Furneaux">Furneaux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(mariner)" title="William Smith (mariner)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Telmo_(Spanish_ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="San Telmo (Spanish ship)"><i>San Telmo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(sloop-of-war)" title="Vostok (sloop-of-war)"><i>Vostok</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Gottlieb_von_Bellingshausen" title="Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen">Bellingshausen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirny_(sloop-of-war)" title="Mirny (sloop-of-war)"><i>Mirny</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Lazarev" title="Mikhail Lazarev">Lazarev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bransfield" title="Edward Bransfield">Bransfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Palmer" title="Nathaniel Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(sealer)" title="John Davis (sealer)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Weddell" title="James Weddell">Weddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Morrell" title="Benjamin Morrell">Morrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ship_Astrolabe_(1811)" title="French ship Astrolabe (1811)"><i>Astrolabe</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Dumont_d%27Urville" title="Jules Dumont d'Urville">Dumont d'Urville</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Exploring_Expedition" title="United States Exploring Expedition">United States Exploring Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Vincennes_(1826)" title="USS Vincennes (1826)">USS <i>Vincennes</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wilkes" title="Charles Wilkes">Wilkes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Porpoise_(1836)" title="USS Porpoise (1836)">USS <i>Porpoise</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadwalader_Ringgold" title="Cadwalader Ringgold">Ringgold</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ross_expedition" title="Ross expedition">Ross expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Abernethy_(explorer)" title="Thomas Abernethy (explorer)">Abernethy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercator_Cooper" title="Mercator Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Challenger_expedition" title="Challenger expedition">Challenger expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Challenger_(1858)" title="HMS Challenger (1858)">HMS <i>Challenger</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Nares" title="George Nares">Nares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(oceanographer)" title="John Murray (oceanographer)">Murray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_(1881_ship)" title="Jason (1881 ship)"><i>Jason</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Anton_Larsen" title="Carl Anton Larsen">C. A. Larsen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">"</span><a href="/wiki/Heroic_Age_of_Antarctic_Exploration" title="Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration">Heroic Age</a><span class="nobold">"</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Belgian Antarctic Expedition">Belgian Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RV_Belgica_(1884)" title="RV Belgica (1884)"><i>Belgica</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_de_Gerlache" title="Adrien de Gerlache">de Gerlache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Lecointe_(explorer)" title="Georges Lecointe (explorer)">Lecointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cook" title="Frederick Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Arctowski" title="Henryk Arctowski">Arctowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Racovi%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Emil Racoviță">Racoviță</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Boles%C5%82aw_Dobrowolski" title="Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski">Dobrowolski</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Southern Cross</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Southern_Cross_(1886)" title="SS Southern Cross (1886)"><i>Southern Cross</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Borchgrevink" title="Carsten Borchgrevink">Borchgrevink</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Expedition" title="Discovery Expedition">Discovery</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RRS_Discovery" title="RRS Discovery"><i>Discovery</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Hut" title="Discovery Hut">Discovery Hut</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gauss_expedition" title="Gauss expedition">Gauss</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gauss_(ship)" title="Gauss (ship)">Gauss</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_von_Drygalski" title="Erich von Drygalski">Drygalski</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Swedish Antarctic Expedition">Swedish Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_(ship)" title="Antarctic (ship)"><i>Antarctic</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Nordenskj%C3%B6ld" title="Otto Nordenskjöld">O. Nordenskjöld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Anton_Larsen" title="Carl Anton Larsen">C. A. Larsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Scottish National Antarctic Expedition">Scottish Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Speirs_Bruce" title="William Speirs Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotia_(barque)" title="Scotia (barque)"><i>Scotia</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orcadas_Base" title="Orcadas Base">Orcadas Base</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Expedition" title="Nimrod Expedition">Nimrod Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_(1867_ship)" title="Nimrod (1867 ship)">Nimrod</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Antarctic_Expedition" title="French Antarctic Expedition">French Antarctic Expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pourquoi-Pas_(1908)" title="Pourquoi-Pas (1908)"><i>Pourquoi-Pas</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Charcot" title="Jean-Baptiste Charcot">Charcot</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Japanese Antarctic Expedition">Japanese Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobu_Shirase" title="Nobu Shirase">Shirase</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%27s_South_Pole_expedition" title="Amundsen's South Pole expedition">Amundsen's South Pole expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Framheim" title="Framheim">Framheim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polheim" title="Polheim">Polheim</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_Expedition" title="Terra Nova Expedition">Terra Nova</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_(ship)" title="Terra Nova (ship)"><i>Terra Nova</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Evans,_1st_Baron_Mountevans" title="Edward Evans, 1st Baron Mountevans">E. R. Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Crean_(explorer)" title="Tom Crean (explorer)">Crean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lashly" title="William Lashly">Lashly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Filchner" title="Wilhelm Filchner">Filchner</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Australasian_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Australasian Antarctic Expedition">Australasian Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SY_Aurora" title="SY Aurora">SY <i>Aurora</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Mawson" title="Douglas Mawson">Mawson</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Party" title="Far Eastern Party">Far Eastern Party</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition" title="Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition">Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_(1912_ship)" title="Endurance (1912 ship)"><i>Endurance</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wild" title="Frank Wild">Wild</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Voyage_of_the_James_Caird" title="Voyage of the James Caird"><i>James Caird</i></a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea_party" title="Ross Sea party">Ross Sea party</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas_Mackintosh" title="Aeneas Mackintosh">Mackintosh</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shackleton%E2%80%93Rowett_Expedition" title="Shackleton–Rowett Expedition">Shackleton–Rowett Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_(ship)" title="Quest (ship)"><i>Quest</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_Polar_Year" title="International Polar Year">IPY</a> · <a href="/wiki/International_Geophysical_Year" title="International Geophysical Year">IGY</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Research_stations_in_Antarctica" title="Research stations in Antarctica">Modern research</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Christensen" title="Lars Christensen">Christensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Australian_and_New_Zealand_Antarctic_Research_Expedition" title="British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition">BANZARE</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Graham_Land_expedition" title="British Graham Land expedition">BGLE</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rymill" title="John Rymill">Rymill</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Swabia" title="New Swabia">New Swabia</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Ritscher" title="Alfred Ritscher">Ritscher</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tabarin" title="Operation Tabarin">Operation Tabarin</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Marr_(biologist)" title="James Marr (biologist)">Marr</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Highjump" title="Operation Highjump">Operation Highjump</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Arturo_Prat_Base" title="Captain Arturo Prat Base">Captain Arturo Prat Base</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Survey" title="British Antarctic Survey">British Antarctic Survey</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Windmill" title="Operation Windmill">Operation Windmill</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ketchum" title="Gerald Ketchum">Ketchum</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ronne_Antarctic_Research_Expedition" title="Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition">Ronne Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finn_Ronne" title="Finn Ronne">F. Ronne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Ronne" title="Jackie Ronne">E. Ronne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Schlossbach" title="Isaac Schlossbach">Schlossbach</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Operation_Deep_Freeze" title="Operation Deep Freeze">Operation Deep Freeze</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McMurdo_Station" title="McMurdo Station">McMurdo Station</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Trans-Antarctic_Expedition" title="Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition">Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Fuchs" title="Vivian Fuchs">V. Fuchs</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="Soviet Antarctic Expedition">Soviet Antarctic Expeditions</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/1st_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition">1st</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Somov" title="Mikhail Somov">Somov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Klenova" title="Maria Klenova">Klenova</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mirny_Station" title="Mirny Station">Mirny</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2nd_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition">2nd</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexey_Tryoshnikov" title="Alexey Tryoshnikov">Tryoshnikov</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/3rd_Soviet_Antarctic_Expedition" title="3rd Soviet Antarctic Expedition">3rd</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Tolstikov" title="Yevgeny Tolstikov">Tolstikov</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System" title="Antarctic Treaty System">Antarctic Treaty System</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Transglobe_Expedition" title="Transglobe Expedition">Transglobe Expedition</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranulph_Fiennes" title="Ranulph Fiennes">Fiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Burton" title="Charles R. Burton">Burton</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lake_Vostok" title="Lake Vostok">Lake Vostok</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Kapitsa" title="Andrey Kapitsa">Kapitsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Farthest_South" title="Farthest South">Farthest South</a><br /><a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Resolution_(1771)" title="HMS Resolution (1771)">HMS <i>Resolution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">J. Cook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Adventure_(1771)" title="HMS Adventure (1771)">HMS <i>Adventure</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Furneaux" title="Tobias Furneaux">Furneaux</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Weddell" title="James Weddell">Weddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Erebus_(1826)" title="HMS Erebus (1826)">HMS <i>Erebus</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_Ross" title="James Clark Ross">J. C. Ross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Terror_(1813)" title="HMS Terror (1813)">HMS <i>Terror</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crozier" title="Francis Crozier">Crozier</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Southern Cross</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carsten_Borchgrevink" title="Carsten Borchgrevink">Borchgrevink</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Expedition" title="Discovery Expedition">Discovery</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barne" title="Michael Barne">Barne</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nimrod_Expedition" title="Nimrod Expedition">Nimrod</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wild" title="Frank Wild">Wild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Marshall" title="Eric Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jameson_Adams" title="Jameson Adams">Adams</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/South_magnetic_pole" title="South magnetic pole">South magnetic pole</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Mawson" title="Douglas Mawson">Mawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgeworth_David" title="Edgeworth David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alistair_Mackay" title="Alistair Mackay">Mackay</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%27s_South_Pole_expedition" title="Amundsen's South Pole expedition">Amundsen's South Pole expedition</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Amundsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olav_Bjaaland" title="Olav Bjaaland">Bjaaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmer_Hanssen" title="Helmer Hanssen">Helmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverre_Hassel" title="Sverre Hassel">Hassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wisting" title="Oscar Wisting">Wisting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polheim" title="Polheim">Polheim</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Terra_Nova_Expedition" title="Terra Nova Expedition">Terra Nova</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Evans" title="Edgar Evans">E. Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Oates" title="Lawrence Oates">Oates</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Robertson_Bowers" title="Henry Robertson Bowers">Bowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apsley_Cherry-Garrard" title="Apsley Cherry-Garrard">Cherry-Garrard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd" title="Richard E. Byrd">Byrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernt_Balchen" title="Bernt Balchen">Balchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Chadbourne_McKinley" title="Ashley Chadbourne McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Dufek" title="George J. Dufek">Dufek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amundsen%E2%80%93Scott_South_Pole_Station" title="Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station">Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Fuchs" title="Vivian Fuchs">V. Fuchs</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Cold" title="Pole of Cold">Pole of Cold</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_Station" title="Vostok Station">Vostok Station</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_inaccessibility" title="Pole of inaccessibility">Pole of inaccessibility</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Inaccessibility_research_station" title="Pole of Inaccessibility research station">Pole of Inaccessibility research station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Tolstikov" title="Yevgeny Tolstikov">Tolstikov</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_P._Crary" title="Albert P. Crary">Crary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arved_Fuchs" title="Arved Fuchs">A. Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Messner" title="Reinhold Messner">Messner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919058#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919058#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919058#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/123282055">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50015519">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb33223839h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb33223839h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35612198">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20000091374&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech 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0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500012028">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/84835">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/81b35b83-ef8c-4a76-a17d-02a3e6d06a59">KulturNav</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/hi/gnt/dsi2/index.php?table_name=dsi&function=details&where_field=id&where_value=2184">Scientific illustrators</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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