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id="toc-Cortina_d'Ampezzo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cortina_d'Ampezzo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Cortina d'Ampezzo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cortina_d'Ampezzo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Votes_results_of_the_1988_Winter_Olympics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Votes_results_of_the_1988_Winter_Olympics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Votes results of the 1988 Winter Olympics</span> </div> </a> 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title">Bids for the <br /><span class="summary">1988<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1988</span>)</span> Winter Olympics </span></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#BFD7FF"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Overview</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics" title="1988 Winter Olympics">XV Olympic Winter Games</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Winner: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calgary_bid_for_the_1988_Winter_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calgary bid for the 1988 Winter Olympics (page does not exist)">Calgary</a></b> <br />Runner-up: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Falun_bid_for_the_1988_Winter_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Falun bid for the 1988 Winter Olympics (page does not exist)">Falun</a> <br /> Shortlist: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cortina_d%27Ampezzo_bid_for_the_1988_Winter_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cortina d'Ampezzo bid for the 1988 Winter Olympics (page does not exist)">Cortina d'Ampezzo</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#BFD7FF">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Committee</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">IOC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Election venue</th><td class="infobox-data">84th IOC Session<br /><a href="/wiki/Baden-Baden" title="Baden-Baden">Baden-Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#BFD7FF">Map of the bidding cities</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Map_placeholder.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Missing location of the bidding cities"><img alt="Missing location of the bidding cities" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/World_Map_placeholder.svg/200px-World_Map_placeholder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/World_Map_placeholder.svg/300px-World_Map_placeholder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/World_Map_placeholder.svg/400px-World_Map_placeholder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>Missing location of the bidding cities</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#BFD7FF">Important dates</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decision</th><td class="infobox-data">30 September 1981</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#BFD7FF">Decision</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Winner</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a></span> (48 votes)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Runner-up</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Falun" title="Falun">Falun</a></span> (31 votes)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The selection process for the <a href="/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics" title="1988 Winter Olympics">1988 Winter Olympics</a> consisted of three bids, and saw <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, Canada, be selected ahead of <a href="/wiki/Falun" title="Falun">Falun</a>, Sweden, and <a href="/wiki/Cortina_d%27Ampezzo" title="Cortina d'Ampezzo">Cortina d'Ampezzo</a>, Italy. The selection was made at the 84th <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> (IOC) Session in <a href="/wiki/Baden-Baden" title="Baden-Baden">Baden-Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, on 30 September 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-votes_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-votes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ncgms_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncgms-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-calkor_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calkor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mgcawupc_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mgcawupc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bids_for_the_1988_Winter_Olympics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calgary was one of three cities and towns that bid officially for the 1988 Winter Olympics. The other two were Falun, Sweden, and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCO88p51-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Italian town (<a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">comune</a>) had before hosted the <a href="/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics" title="1956 Winter Olympics">1956 Winter Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CODABestShot_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CODABestShot-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IOC required formal bids to be submitted by November 30, 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The vote was held on September 30, 1981, in <a href="/wiki/Baden-Baden" title="Baden-Baden">Baden-Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, during the 84th <a href="/wiki/List_of_IOC_meetings#IOC_Sessions" title="List of IOC meetings">IOC Session</a> and 11th <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Congress" title="Olympic Congress">Olympic Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCO88p51-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Cortina d'Ampezzo was eliminated in the first round of balloting, Calgary won in the second and final round of balloting over Falun, by a margin of 17 votes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Candidate_cities_overview">Candidate cities overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bids_for_the_1988_Winter_Olympics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Candidate cities overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Calgary">Calgary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bids_for_the_1988_Winter_Olympics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Calgary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Calgary's bid for the 1988 Winter Olympic Games was Canada's seventh and Calgary's fourth attempt at hosting the Winter Games. The first Canadian bid for Winter Games was organized by the City of <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> in <a href="/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics" title="1956 Winter Olympics">1956</a>. At the 43rd Olympic Congress, <a href="/wiki/Cortina_d%27Ampezzo" title="Cortina d'Ampezzo">Cortina d'Ampezzo</a>, Italy was chosen as the host for the 1956 Winter Games on the first ballot with 31 votes, and Montreal came second with 7 votes. The Canadian Olympic Committee previously submitted two bids for the City of Vancouver, first for <a href="/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics" title="1976 Winter Olympics">1976</a> which was awarded to <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, and Vancouver was eliminated on the first ballot; and secondly for the <a href="/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics" title="1980 Winter Olympics">1980</a> Games which was withdrawn prior to the Olympic Congress when the new provincial government under Premier <a href="/wiki/Dave_Barrett" title="Dave Barrett">Dave Barrett</a> withdrew support for the bid.<sup id="cite_ref-VanSun19791029_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VanSun19791029-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Canadian Olympic Committee had previously submitted three bids for Calgary, first under the direction of the <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Olympic_Development_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Calgary Olympic Development Association">Calgary Olympic Development Association</a> (CODA) for the <a href="/wiki/1964_Winter_Olympics" title="1964 Winter Olympics">1964 Games</a> where Calgary finished second to <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a>, Austria;<sup id="cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCO88p51-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the second attempt for the <a href="/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics" title="1968 Winter Olympics">1968 Games</a> saw <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a>, France awarded the Games on the third ballot with 27 votes to Calgary's 24 votes;<sup id="cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCO88p51-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the third attempt was for the <a href="/wiki/1972_Winter_Olympics" title="1972 Winter Olympics">1972 Games</a> for the nearby Town of <a href="/wiki/Banff,_Alberta" title="Banff, Alberta">Banff</a> which finished second to <a href="/wiki/Sapporo,_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sapporo, Japan">Sapporo</a>, Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kingp.9_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kingp.9-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCO88p51-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the unsuccessful bid for the 1972 Games, the third consecutive failed bid, CODA was laid dormant.<sup id="cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCO88p51-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1978, CODA was revived by Frank King and Bob Niven of Calgary's Booster Club, who took over the organization's leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-Kingp.6_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kingp.6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCO88p51-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CODABestShot_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CODABestShot-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King and Niven brought some members from previous bids back including former Olympic Sprinter and CODA founder <a href="/wiki/Ernie_McCullough" title="Ernie McCullough">Ernie McCullough</a>, and politician <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ryan_Smith" title="Arthur Ryan Smith">Arthur Ryan Smith</a> to consult on the project.<sup id="cite_ref-Kingp.9_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kingp.9-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1979, CODA was able to secure the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Committee" title="Canadian Olympic Committee">Canadian Olympic Association's</a> (COA) support as Canada's official bid for the 1988 Winter Olympics over a competing bid by Vancouver by a vote of 27–9.<sup id="cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCO88p51-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kingp.34_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kingp.34-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Calgary's bid was bold, estimated at <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>217 million, CODA proposed constructing all new venues to overcome the city's lack of winter sports facilities with the argument that Canada's inventory of elite sport training facilities would grow significantly if Calgary was awarded the Games.<sup id="cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCO88p51-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The defeated Vancouver organizing group lamented that they lost to Calgary's "Big-ticket Games" idea, which was estimated to cost nearly three times what the Vancouver group was expected to pay to host the Winter Olympics.<sup id="cite_ref-BigTicketGames_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BigTicketGames-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vancouver's low-cost bid which was estimated at <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>30 million, leveraged already developed infrastructure, including the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coliseum" title="Pacific Coliseum">Pacific Coliseum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whistler_Blackcomb" title="Whistler Blackcomb">Whistler Blackcomb</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Kingp.26_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kingp.26-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the low estimated cost was met with skepticism from COA delegates.<sup id="cite_ref-VanSun19791029_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VanSun19791029-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Delegates noted that the previous loss of provincial support in the 1980 Vancouver bid, the possible financial security of Alberta's newly created <a href="/wiki/Alberta_Heritage_Savings_Trust_Fund" title="Alberta Heritage Savings Trust Fund">Heritage Savings Trust Fund</a>, and Calgary's commitment to amateur sport development weighed heavily on results.<sup id="cite_ref-VanSun19791029_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VanSun19791029-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Next, CODA spent two years building local support for the <a href="/wiki/Megaproject" title="Megaproject">megaproject</a>, selling largely symbolic <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>5 memberships to approximately 80,000 of Calgary's 600,000 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCO88p51-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kingp.38_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kingp.38-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Calgary had further secured significant funding commitments from the Government of Canada totalling <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>200 million, and <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Alberta" title="Politics of Alberta">Alberta</a>'s government totalling <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>70 million (with an additional <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>53 million loan), while some civic leaders, including then-<a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Calgary" title="List of mayors of Calgary">mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Klein" title="Ralph Klein">Ralph Klein</a>, crisscrossed the world to favour <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">IOC</a> delegates.<sup id="cite_ref-CODABestShot_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CODABestShot-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Driven by the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>'s (NHL) newly relocated <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Flames" title="Calgary Flames">Calgary Flames</a> from <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Flames" title="Atlanta Flames">Atlanta</a> in 1980, the city had already begun constructing a new NHL <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_rink" title="Ice hockey rink">arena</a> that would be later named the <a href="/wiki/Scotiabank_Saddledome" title="Scotiabank Saddledome">Olympic Saddledome</a>. That course of action demonstrated to the IOC Calgary's determination in wanting to host the Winter Olympics.<sup id="cite_ref-OCO88p153_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OCO88p153-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Calgary's bid grew in size and scope between 1979 and 1981. The bid book presented at the 84th IOC session had an estimated total cost of <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>331 million, with <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>92 million in operating costs and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>239 million in capital costs.<sup id="cite_ref-CODAtechBp74_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CODAtechBp74-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An additional <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>30 million was allocated for an endowment fund to cover additional operating costs and another <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>54 million for a <a href="/wiki/Contingency_fund" title="Contingency fund">contingency fund</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest included cost was the construction of the new 18,000-seat arena, budgeted for <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>69 million, which would host <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics" title="Ice hockey at the 1988 Winter Olympics">ice hockey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics" title="Figure skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics">figure skating</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CODAtechBp74_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CODAtechBp74-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CODAbidAp36_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CODAbidAp36-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CODAbidAp41_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CODAbidAp41-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Preliminary ice hockey and figure skating events were to be scheduled at the already-constructed <a href="/wiki/Stampede_Corral" title="Stampede Corral">Stampede Corral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Max_Bell_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Bell Arena">Max Bell Arena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CODAbidAp41_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CODAbidAp41-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other Calgary-based facilities included the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>15 million <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Oval" title="Olympic Oval">Olympic Oval</a> for <a href="/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics" title="Speed skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics">speed skating</a>, which the bid considered, but did not commit to being an indoor facility.<sup id="cite_ref-CODAtechBp74_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CODAtechBp74-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CODAbidAp44_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CODAbidAp44-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nearby <a href="/wiki/Bragg_Creek" title="Bragg Creek">Bragg Creek</a> area was designated as the host location for <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>8 million <a href="/wiki/Ski_jumping_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics" title="Ski jumping at the 1988 Winter Olympics">ski jumping</a> facility, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>15 million <a href="/wiki/Bobsleigh_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics" title="Bobsleigh at the 1988 Winter Olympics">bobsleigh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luge_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics" title="Luge at the 1988 Winter Olympics">luge</a> facility, and a <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>6 million <a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics" title="Cross-country skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics">cross-country</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biathlon_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics" title="Biathlon at the 1988 Winter Olympics">biathlon</a> facility.<sup id="cite_ref-CODAtechBp74_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CODAtechBp74-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CODAbidAp48_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CODAbidAp48-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new Alpine Centre was set to be built in the <a href="/wiki/Spray_Valley_Provincial_Park" title="Spray Valley Provincial Park">Spray Lake</a> area on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sparrowhawk" title="Mount Sparrowhawk">Mount Sparrowhawk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Shark" title="Mount Shark">Mount Shark</a> at a cost of <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>13 million<sup id="cite_ref-CODAtechBp74_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CODAtechBp74-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to host <a href="/wiki/Alpine_skiing_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics" title="Alpine skiing at the 1988 Winter Olympics">alpine skiing</a> events.<sup id="cite_ref-CODAbidAp48_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CODAbidAp48-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the lead-up to the Games, OCO'88 relocated each proposed venue, except the Olympic Oval. </p><p>In the days leading up to the selection, OCO'88 made a number of changes to entice the IOC delegates to choose Calgary. OCO'88 committed <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>30 million to subsidize travel for athletes participating in the Games, this came after concerns from European delegations that travel to North America would be more expensive than the two European bids.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Calgary's Olympic bid itself emphasized the cultural and natural beauty of <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Metropolitan_Region" title="Calgary Metropolitan Region">Calgary and surrounding areas</a>, as an asset for hosting the Winter Olympics. The city was marketed as a capitalist, oil-driven, and modern economy that also had mountain playgrounds, extensive <a href="/wiki/Wilderness" title="Wilderness">wilderness</a>, and western <a href="/wiki/Rodeo" title="Rodeo">rodeo</a> culture.<sup id="cite_ref-FindlingPellep.311_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FindlingPellep.311-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two seemingly contradictory images were brought together, as part of an extensive and diverse lobbying program.<sup id="cite_ref-FindlingPellep.311_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FindlingPellep.311-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>CODA spent around $2.5 million on the bid process which included technical studies, and tours for 32 of the 82 IOC delegates in what was described as "VIP style".<sup id="cite_ref-GlobeMail19811002_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobeMail19811002-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Falun">Falun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bids_for_the_1988_Winter_Olympics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Falun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Falun for the 1988 Winter Games was unsuccessful. A key issue identified by IOC officials was the lack of acceptable locations where alpine events could be hosted near the city. The Falun bid planned to host alpine events approximately 400 kilometres away from the city.<sup id="cite_ref-GlobeMail19811001_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobeMail19811001-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Falun organizers had many of the necessary facilities already built and had a budget of <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>100 million.<sup id="cite_ref-GlobeMail19811001_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobeMail19811001-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Falun organizers called for reform in the bidding process, noting they were not sure what the IOC used to choose successful bids, and Lennart Hallberg stated "It would be far better if the rules were simpler, clear and the whole competition was like a tendering process."<sup id="cite_ref-GlobeMail19811002_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobeMail19811002-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cortina_d'Ampezzo"><span id="Cortina_d.27Ampezzo"></span>Cortina d'Ampezzo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bids_for_the_1988_Winter_Olympics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cortina d'Ampezzo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cortina d'Ampezzo previously hosted the <a href="/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics" title="1956 Winter Olympics">1956 Winter Olympics</a>. The Cortina d'Ampezzo bid operating budget was not released during the bidding process, and was kept secret from IOC members.<sup id="cite_ref-GlobeMail19811002_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobeMail19811002-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Games were awarded to Calgary, Cortina d'Ampezzo officials claimed they expected to spend between $5–$50 million on the Games if they had won.<sup id="cite_ref-GlobeMail19811002_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobeMail19811002-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bids_for_the_1988_Winter_Olympics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The announcement of CODA's victory sent the delegates in Baden-Baden and Calgary residents into singing and dancing.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also made then <a href="/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_Alberta" title="List of premiers of Alberta">Alberta premier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lougheed" title="Peter Lougheed">Peter Lougheed</a>, burst openly into tears in front of the cameras. Later, Ralph Klein sang a rendition of <a href="/wiki/Mac_Davis" title="Mac Davis">Mac Davis</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_Hard_to_Be_Humble" title="It's Hard to Be Humble">It's Hard to Be Humble</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Macleans19880202_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macleans19880202-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the first Winter Olympics awarded to Canada and the second Olympic Games overall, following the <a href="/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics" title="1976 Summer Olympics">1976 Summer Olympics</a> in Montreal. Cortina d'Ampezzo, along with <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, would get to host the <a href="/wiki/2026_Winter_Olympics" title="2026 Winter Olympics">2026 Winter Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town would be the fourth one to host the Winter Olympics twice, along with <a href="/wiki/St._Moritz" title="St. Moritz">St. Moritz</a> (<a href="/wiki/1928_Winter_Olympics" title="1928 Winter Olympics">1928</a> and <a href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics" title="1948 Winter Olympics">1948</a>), <a href="/wiki/Lake_Placid,_New_York" title="Lake Placid, New York">Lake Placid</a> (<a href="/wiki/1932_Winter_Olympics" title="1932 Winter Olympics">1932</a> and <a href="/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics" title="1980 Winter Olympics">1980</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a> (<a href="/wiki/1964_Winter_Olympics" title="1964 Winter Olympics">1964</a> and <a href="/wiki/1976_Winter_Olympics" title="1976 Winter Olympics">1976</a>). </p><p>Olympic historians, John E. Findling and Kimberly D. Pelle, noted that once the Games were awarded to Calgary, the cultural and community aspects of the bid were pushed aside by the newly formed Calgary Olympic organizing committee called the <i>Olympiques Calgary Olympics '88</i> (OCO'88). It then proceeded to take on a "vigorous, resilient, and impersonal corporate business strategy" towards the planning and operation of the Games.<sup id="cite_ref-FindlingPellep.311_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FindlingPellep.311-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Votes_results_of_the_1988_Winter_Olympics">Votes results of the 1988 Winter Olympics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bids_for_the_1988_Winter_Olympics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Votes results of the 1988 Winter Olympics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>IOC voting – September 1981 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>City</th> <th>Country</th> <th>Round 1</th> <th>Round 2 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td align="center"><b>35</b></td> <td align="center"><b>48</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Falun" title="Falun">Falun</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td align="center">25</td> <td align="center">31 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cortina_d%27Ampezzo" title="Cortina d'Ampezzo">Cortina d'Ampezzo</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td align="center">18</td> <td align="center">— </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><span style="font-size:85%;">Source:</span><sup id="cite_ref-votes_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-votes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ncgms_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncgms-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-calkor_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calkor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mgcawupc_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mgcawupc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bids_for_the_1988_Winter_Olympics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-votes-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-votes_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-votes_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110124022022/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/past.html">"Past Olympic host city election results"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GamesBids" title="GamesBids">GamesBids</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamesbids.com/english/archives/past.shtml">the original</a> on 24 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Past+Olympic+host+city+election+results&rft.pub=GamesBids&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesbids.com%2Fenglish%2Farchives%2Fpast.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ncgms-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ncgms_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ncgms_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCottonBlakey1981" class="citation news cs1">Cotton, Crosbie; Blakey, Bob (September 30, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2nNkAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZX4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1656%2C6677978">"They're now the Calgary games!!!"</a>. <i>Calgary Herald</i>. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Calgary+Herald&rft.atitle=They%27re+now+the+Calgary+games%21%21%21&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1981-09-30&rft.aulast=Cotton&rft.aufirst=Crosbie&rft.au=Blakey%2C+Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D2nNkAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DZX4NAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1656%252C6677978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-calkor-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-calkor_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-calkor_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9fhLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=yu4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5326%2C142207">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'88 Games to Calgary and Korea"</a>. <i>Spokesman-Review</i>. (Spokane, Washington). Associated Press. October 1, 1981. p. 29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spokesman-Review&rft.atitle=%2788+Games+to+Calgary+and+Korea&rft.pages=29&rft.date=1981-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D9fhLAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3Dyu4DAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5326%252C142207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mgcawupc-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mgcawupc_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mgcawupc_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6noxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zaQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=913%2C80489">"Calgary awarded 1988 Winter Games in second ballot"</a>. <i>Montreal Gazette</i>. UPC. October 1, 1981. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Montreal+Gazette&rft.atitle=Calgary+awarded+1988+Winter+Games+in+second+ballot&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1981-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D6noxAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DzaQFAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D913%252C80489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OCO88p51-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OCO88p51_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOCO'881988">OCO'88 1988</a>, p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CODABestShot-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CODABestShot_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CODABestShot_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CODABestShot_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotton1981" class="citation cs2">Cotton, Crosbie (September 30, 1981), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2nNkAAAAIBAJ&pg=1545%2C6767767">"Around the world, CODA has given its best shot"</a>, <i>Calgary Herald</i>, p. A19</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Calgary+Herald&rft.atitle=Around+the+world%2C+CODA+has+given+its+best+shot&rft.pages=A19&rft.date=1981-09-30&rft.aulast=Cotton&rft.aufirst=Crosbie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D2nNkAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D1545%252C6767767&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Roundup Olympics". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i>. December 2, 1980. p. 58. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/387291313">387291313</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Roundup+Olympics&rft.pages=58&rft.date=1980-12-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VanSun19791029-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VanSun19791029_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VanSun19791029_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VanSun19791029_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKearney1979" class="citation news cs1">Kearney, Jim (October 29, 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cLdlAAAAIBAJ&pg=5261%2C3276373">"Vancouver loses modest Games bid"</a>. <i>Vancouver Sun</i>. p. A1, A2, F7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vancouver+Sun&rft.atitle=Vancouver+loses+modest+Games+bid&rft.pages=A1%2C+A2%2C+F7&rft.date=1979-10-29&rft.aulast=Kearney&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DcLdlAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5261%252C3276373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCotton1981" class="citation cs2">Cotton, Crosbie (September 30, 1981), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2nNkAAAAIBAJ&pg=3926%2C6767945">"Canada missed six prior bids"</a>, <i>Calgary Herald</i>, p. A19</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Calgary+Herald&rft.atitle=Canada+missed+six+prior+bids&rft.pages=A19&rft.date=1981-09-30&rft.aulast=Cotton&rft.aufirst=Crosbie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D2nNkAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3926%252C6767945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kingp.9-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kingp.9_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kingp.9_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKing1991">King 1991</a>, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kingp.6-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kingp.6_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKing1991">King 1991</a>, p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kingp.34-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kingp.34_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKing1991">King 1991</a>, p. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BigTicketGames-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BigTicketGames_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cLdlAAAAIBAJ&pg=3564,3570816">"Vancouver loses to 'big-ticket' Games"</a>. <i>Vancouver Sun</i>. October 29, 1979. p. F7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vancouver+Sun&rft.atitle=Vancouver+loses+to+%27big-ticket%27+Games&rft.pages=F7&rft.date=1979-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DcLdlAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D3564%2C3570816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kingp.26-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kingp.26_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKing1991">King 1991</a>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kingp.38-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kingp.38_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKing1991">King 1991</a>, p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OCO88p153-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OCO88p153_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOCO'881988">OCO'88 1988</a>, p. 153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CODAtechBp74-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CODAtechBp74_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CODAtechBp74_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CODAtechBp74_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CODAtechBp74_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CODAtechBp74_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCODA1981b">CODA 1981b</a>, p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"No deficit for '88 Games Calgary association says". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i>. The Canadian Press. September 16, 1981. p. S1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/386796016">386796016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=No+deficit+for+%2788+Games+Calgary+association+says&rft.pages=S1&rft.date=1981-09-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CODAbidAp36-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CODAbidAp36_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCODA1981a">CODA 1981a</a>, p. 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CODAbidAp41-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CODAbidAp41_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CODAbidAp41_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCODA1981a">CODA 1981a</a>, p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CODAbidAp44-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CODAbidAp44_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCODA1981a">CODA 1981a</a>, p. 44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CODAbidAp48-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CODAbidAp48_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CODAbidAp48_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCODA1981a">CODA 1981a</a>, p. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan1981" class="citation news cs1">Duncan, Ann (September 30, 1981). 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Vol. 101, no. 4. pp. 20–22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s&rft.atitle=The+Men+Who+Made+it+Work&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=20-22&rft.date=1988-02-02&rft.aulast=Walmsley&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.macleans.ca%2Farticle%2F1988%2F2%2F2%2Fthe-men-who-made-it-work&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/milano-cortina-2026">"Milano Cortina 2026"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a></i>, March 10, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Olympic+Committee&rft.atitle=Milano+Cortina+2026&rft.date=2021-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folympics.com%2Fen%2Folympic-games%2Fmilano-cortina-2026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Official reports</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOCO'881988" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">OCO'88 (1988), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.olympic.org/Default/digital-viewer/c-43821"><i>XV Olympic Winter Games: Official Report</i></a> (in English and French), XV Olympic Winter Games Organizing Committee, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-921060-26-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-921060-26-2"><bdi>0-921060-26-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=XV+Olympic+Winter+Games%3A+Official+Report&rft.pub=XV+Olympic+Winter+Games+Organizing+Committee&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-921060-26-2&rft.au=OCO%2788&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.olympic.org%2FDefault%2Fdigital-viewer%2Fc-43821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Works cited</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindlingPelle1996" class="citation book cs1">Findling, John E.; Pelle, Kimberly D., eds. (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio00find"><i>Historical dictionary of the modern Olympic movement</i></a></span>. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-28477-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-28477-6"><bdi>0-313-28477-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+the+modern+Olympic+movement&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-313-28477-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio00find&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerlach2004" class="citation book cs1">Gerlach, Larry (2004). <i>The Winter Olympics – From Chamonix to Salt Lake City</i>. The University of Utah Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87480-778-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-87480-778-6"><bdi>0-87480-778-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Winter+Olympics+%E2%80%93+From+Chamonix+to+Salt+Lake+City&rft.pub=The+University+of+Utah+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-87480-778-6&rft.aulast=Gerlach&rft.aufirst=Larry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing1991" class="citation book cs1">King, Frank W. (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/itshowyouplaygam0000king"><i>It's how you play the game : the inside story of the Calgary Olympics</i></a></span>. Calgary: Script, the Writers' Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9694287-5-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9694287-5-6"><bdi>978-0-9694287-5-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=It%27s+how+you+play+the+game+%3A+the+inside+story+of+the+Calgary+Olympics&rft.place=Calgary&rft.pub=Script%2C+the+Writers%27+Group&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-9694287-5-6&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Frank+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fitshowyouplaygam0000king&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallechinskyLoucky2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Wallechinsky" title="David Wallechinsky">Wallechinsky, David</a>; Loucky, Jaime (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781845134914"><i>The complete book of the Winter Olympics</i></a></span> (2010 ed.). London: Aurum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84513-491-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84513-491-4"><bdi>978-1-84513-491-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+complete+book+of+the+Winter+Olympics&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2010&rft.pub=Aurum&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84513-491-4&rft.aulast=Wallechinsky&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Loucky%2C+Jaime&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781845134914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bids_for_the_1988_Winter_Olympics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Calgary bid documents</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCODA1981a" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Calgary Olympic Development Association (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.olympics.com/Default/digital-viewer/c-56437"><i>Calgary, Canada (Candidature File)</i></a> (in English and French). Calgary: Calgary Olympic Development Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calgary%2C+Canada+%28Candidature+File%29&rft.place=Calgary&rft.pub=Calgary+Olympic+Development+Association&rft.date=1981&rft.au=Calgary+Olympic+Development+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.olympics.com%2FDefault%2Fdigital-viewer%2Fc-56437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCODA1981b" class="citation book cs1">Calgary Olympic Development Association (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.olympics.com/Default/digital-viewer/c-57429"><i>Calgary, Canada: Technical Data</i></a>. Calgary: Calgary Olympic Development Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calgary%2C+Canada%3A+Technical+Data&rft.place=Calgary&rft.pub=Calgary+Olympic+Development+Association&rft.date=1981&rft.au=Calgary+Olympic+Development+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.olympics.com%2FDefault%2Fdigital-viewer%2Fc-57429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCODA1981c" class="citation book cs1">Calgary Olympic Development Association (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.olympics.com/Default/digital-viewer/c-209645"><i>Calgary, Canada: I.O.C. Television and Radio Questionnaire</i></a>. Calgary: Calgary Olympic Development Association.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calgary%2C+Canada%3A+I.O.C.+Television+and+Radio+Questionnaire&rft.place=Calgary&rft.pub=Calgary+Olympic+Development+Association&rft.date=1981&rft.au=Calgary+Olympic+Development+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.olympics.com%2FDefault%2Fdigital-viewer%2Fc-209645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Cortina d'Ampezzo bid documents</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndustria_Pubblicazioni_Audiovisivi._Milano1981" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Industria Pubblicazioni Audiovisivi. Milano (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.olympics.com/Default/digital-viewer/c-56346"><i>Candidature of Cortina d'Ampezzo for the 1988 Olympic Winter Games</i></a> (in English and French). Cortina d'Ampezzo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Candidature+of+Cortina+d%27Ampezzo+for+the+1988+Olympic+Winter+Games&rft.place=Cortina+d%27Ampezzo&rft.date=1981&rft.au=Industria+Pubblicazioni+Audiovisivi.+Milano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.olympics.com%2FDefault%2Fdigital-viewer%2Fc-56346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndustria_Pubblicazioni_Audiovisivi._Milano1981" class="citation book cs1">Industria Pubblicazioni Audiovisivi. Milano (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.olympics.com/Default/digital-viewer/c-38700"><i>Candidature of Cortina d'Ampezzo for the 1988 Olympic Winter Games: Replies to the Questionnaires of the International Olympic Committee and of the International Sports Federations</i></a>. Cortina d'Ampezzo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Candidature+of+Cortina+d%27Ampezzo+for+the+1988+Olympic+Winter+Games%3A+Replies+to+the+Questionnaires+of+the+International+Olympic+Committee+and+of+the+International+Sports+Federations&rft.place=Cortina+d%27Ampezzo&rft.date=1981&rft.au=Industria+Pubblicazioni+Audiovisivi.+Milano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.olympics.com%2FDefault%2Fdigital-viewer%2Fc-38700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndustria_Pubblicazioni_Audiovisivi._Milano1981" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Industria Pubblicazioni Audiovisivi. Milano (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.olympics.com/Default/digital-viewer/c-38781"><i>Candidature of Cortina d'Ampezzo for the 1988 Olympic Winter Games: I.O.C. Television and Radio Questionnaire</i></a> (in English and French). Cortina d'Ampezzo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Candidature+of+Cortina+d%27Ampezzo+for+the+1988+Olympic+Winter+Games%3A+I.O.C.+Television+and+Radio+Questionnaire&rft.place=Cortina+d%27Ampezzo&rft.date=1981&rft.au=Industria+Pubblicazioni+Audiovisivi.+Milano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.olympics.com%2FDefault%2Fdigital-viewer%2Fc-38781&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABids+for+the+1988+Winter+Olympics" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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for the Summer Olympics">Summer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:gray;">1896<sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><span style="color:gray;">1900<sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><span style="color:gray;">1904<sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1912_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1912 Summer Olympics">1912</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1916_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1916 Summer Olympics">1916</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1920 Summer Olympics">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1924_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1924 Summer Olympics">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1928_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1928 Summer Olympics">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1932_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1932 Summer Olympics">1932</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1936 Summer Olympics">1936</a></li> <li><span style="color:gray;">1940<sup>3</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1944_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1944 Summer Olympics">1944</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1948_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1948 Summer Olympics">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1952 Summer Olympics">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1956_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1956 Summer Olympics">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1960_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1960 Summer Olympics">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1964_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1964 Summer Olympics">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1968_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1968 Summer Olympics">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1972_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1972 Summer Olympics">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1976_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1976 Summer Olympics">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1980_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1980 Summer Olympics">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1984_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1984 Summer Olympics">1984</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1988_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1988 Summer Olympics">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1992_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1992 Summer Olympics">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Bids for the 1996 Summer Olympics">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2000_Summer_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2000 Summer Olympics">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2012_Summer_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2012 Summer Olympics">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2016 Summer Olympics">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2020_Summer_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2020 Summer Olympics">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2024_and_2028_Summer_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2024 and 2028 Summer Olympics">2024 and 2028</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2032_Summer_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2032 Summer Olympics">2032</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2036_Summer_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2036 Summer Olympics">2036</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bids_for_the_2040_Summer_Olympics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bids for the 2040 Summer Olympics (page does not exist)">2040</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_bids_for_the_Winter_Olympics" title="List of bids for the Winter Olympics">Winter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:gray;">1924<sup>1</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1928_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 1928 Winter Olympics">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1932_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 1932 Winter Olympics">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1936_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 1936 Winter Olympics">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1940_Winter_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1940 Winter Olympics">1940</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1944_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 1944 Winter Olympics">1944</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Winter_Olympics#Host_city_selection" title="1948 Winter Olympics">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Winter_Olympics#Host_city_selection" title="1952 Winter Olympics">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Winter_Olympics#Host_city_selection" title="1956 Winter Olympics">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Winter_Olympics#Host_city_selection" title="1960 Winter Olympics">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Winter_Olympics#Host_city_selection" title="1964 Winter Olympics">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Winter_Olympics#Host_city_selection" title="1968 Winter Olympics">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1972_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 1972 Winter Olympics">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1976_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 1976 Winter Olympics">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1980_Winter_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 1980 Winter Olympics">1980</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1984_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 1984 Winter Olympics">1984</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1992_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 1992 Winter Olympics">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1994_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 1994 Winter Olympics">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_1998_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 1998 Winter Olympics">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2002_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2002 Winter Olympics">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2006_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2006 Winter Olympics">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2010_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2010 Winter Olympics">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2014_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2014 Winter Olympics">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2018_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2018 Winter Olympics">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2022_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2022 Winter Olympics">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2026_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2026 Winter Olympics">2026</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2030_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2030 Winter Olympics">2030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2034_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2034 Winter Olympics">2034</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_bids_for_the_Youth_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of bids for the Youth Olympics">Summer Youth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2018_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics">2018</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/2030_Summer_Youth_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2030 Summer Youth Olympics">2030</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#BFD7FF;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_bids_for_the_Youth_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of bids for the Youth Olympics">Winter Youth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2012_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2012 Winter Youth Olympics">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2016_Winter_Youth_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bids for the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics">2016</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2020_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2024_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics">2024</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2028_Winter_Youth_Olympics" title="2028 Winter Youth Olympics">2028</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#BFD7FF"><div><small>1 – Games handed without bids submitted; 2 – Only one bid submitted; 3 – Bids submitted but no Games celebration; 4 – No bids submitted and no Games celebration</small> <hr /> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/32px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/48px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/64px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="495" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Olympic_Games" title="Portal:Olympic Games">Olympic Games portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" 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