CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/" dir="ltr"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.gizmag.com/criegee-biradicals-potentially-offset-global-warming/21125/","20120212184220","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1329072140"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <title>Newly discovered molecule has potential to offset climate change and cool the planet</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <meta name="description" content="Researchers claim a newly discovered molecule found in the Earth's atmosphere, known as a Criegee biradical or Criegee intermediate, holds the pot..."/> <meta name="keywords" content="Climate Change,Global Warming,University of Bristol,University of Manchester,Sandia Labs,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,Research Watch"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/criegee-biradicals-potentially-offset-global-warming/21125/"/> <link rel="image_src" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/hero/criegee.jpg"/> <meta name="title" content="Newly discovered molecule has potential to offset climate change and cool the planet"/> <link rel="alternate" media="handheld" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://m.gizmag.com/article/21125"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220cs_/http://files.gizmag.com/static_styles.css?x=1329006917"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20120212184220cs_/http://www.gizmag.com/css/dynamic_styles.php?x=1329006917"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://gizmag.com/xml/" title="Gizmag Emerging Technology Magazine"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/web/20120212184220im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/favicon.ico"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/web/20120212184220im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/apple-touch-icon.png"/>   <script type="text/javascript"> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; (function() { var gads = document.createElement("script"); gads.async = true; gads.type = "text/javascript"; var useSSL = "https:" == document.location.protocol; gads.src = (useSSL ? "https:" : "http:") + "//web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js"; var node =document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(gads, node); })(); </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { gpt_leaderboard = googletag.defineSlot('/1007667/ca-pub-1607124478120364/ResearchWatch_Leaderboard_Top_728x90', [728,90], 'leaderboard') .addService(googletag.pubads()); gpt_islandtr = googletag.defineSlot('/1007667/ca-pub-1607124478120364/ResearchWatch_IslandTop_Right_300x250', [300,250], 'island_top_right') .addService(googletag.pubads()); gpt_islandbr = googletag.defineSlot('/1007667/ca-pub-1607124478120364/ResearchWatch_IslandBottom_Right_300x250', [300,250], 'island_bottom_right') .addService(googletag.pubads()); gpt_billboard = googletag.defineSlot('/1007667/ca-pub-1607124478120364/Billboard', [970,250], 'billboard') .addService(googletag.pubads()); gpt_skyscraper = googletag.defineSlot('/1007667/ca-pub-1607124478120364/ResearchWatch_Skyscraper_Right_160x600', [160,600], 'skyscraper_right') .addService(googletag.pubads()); gpt_bottom_inc = googletag.defineSlot('/1007667/ca-pub-1607124478120364/bottom_include', [1,1], 'bottom_include') .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="/web/20120212184220js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/global_public.js?1329072140"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="/web/20120212184220js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/articles_public.js"></script>    <link href="https://plus.google.com/105149739082983197804" rel="publisher"/> </head> <body> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20120212184220js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/jquery/jquery-1.7.1.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20120212184220js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/login_comments.js"></script>  <div id="fb-root"></div> <script> window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: '38456013908', status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true, oauth: true, channelUrl: window.location.protocol + '//web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/fb_channel.php' //channel file to avoid cross domain communication issues }); FB.Event.subscribe('auth.logout', function(response) { if(response.status!=='connected'){ //user is logging out of facebook logoutUser(); } }); }; (function() { var e = document.createElement('script'); e.async = true; e.src = document.location.protocol + '//web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js'; document.getElementById('fb-root').appendChild(e); }()); var $jqr = jQuery.noConflict(); $jqr(document).ready(function() { var fbuser = checkFBUser(); }); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220js_/https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js"></script>  <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ var mobile = (/iphone|ipod|android|blackberry|mini|windows\sce|palm/i.test(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase())); if (mobile) { var mob_link = "<div id='mob_redirect'><a href='https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://m.gizmag.com/article/21125/'>Read this article on our mobile site</a></div> "; $jqr('body').prepend(mob_link); } // ]]></script>  <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-2235360-4']); _gaq.push(['_setCustomVar', 1, 'Section','Research Watch',3 ]); _gaq.push(['_setCustomVar', 2, 'Writer', 'Darren Quick', 3 ]); _gaq.push(['_setCustomVar', 4, 'PPV_test3', '1', 3 ]); _gaq.push(['_setCustomVar', 5, 'MonthPublished', '1325404800', 3 ]); _gaq.push(['_setCustomVar', 3, 'View', 'Article', 3 ]); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageLoadTime']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/https://ssl' : 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(ga); })(); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20120212184220js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/ga_social_tracking_min.js"></script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220js_/http://edge.quantserve.com/quant.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">_qacct="p-23Y-rtuj52xr6";quantserve();</script> <noscript><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-23Y-rtuj52xr6.gif" style="display: none" height="1" width="1" alt="Quantcast"/></noscript>   <script type="text/javascript">var _sf_startpt=(new Date()).getTime()</script>  <div class="index" id="top_index"> <div class="index_center"> <ul class="header_links float_left"> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/xml/" title="Subscribe to Gizmag's RSS feed"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/rss_icon_glass.png" alt="RSS logo"/>Subscribe to Gizmag's RSS feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.twitter.com/gizmag/" title="Follow Gizmag on Twitter"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/twitter-icon.png" alt="Twitter bird"/>Follow Gizmag on Twitter</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.stumbleupon.com/to/stumble/stumblethru:gizmag.com?utm_source=GizMag&utm_medium=StumbleThru&utm_campaign=StumbleThruButton " title="Explore Gizmag" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/StumbleUpon-logo.png" alt="Stumble Thru"/>Explore Gizmag</a></li> </ul>  <div id="search_form_top"> <form action="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/search/" id="cse-search-box-top"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-1607124478120364:cf1bgg5f284"/> <input type="hidden" name="cof" value="FORID:11"/> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="ISO-8859-1"/> <input type="text" name="q" size="38"/> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search"/> </div> </form> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220js_/http://www.google.com/cse/brand?form=cse-search-box-top&lang=en"></script> </div> </div> </div> <a name="top"></a>  <div id="top_strip" class="snap_noshots"><center><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/https://plus.google.com/105149739082983197804/posts" target="_blank">Get the very best of Gizmag on Google+</a></center></div> <div class="center"> <div id="header"> <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/" id="logo"></a> <div align="right" class="snap_noshots" id="leaderboard"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("leaderboard"); }); </script> </div> </div>  <div id="top_stories"> <ul id="img"> <li id="top_story0"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/camelbak-all-clear-uv/21413/" title="Camelbak All Clear Bottle zaps bacteria with UV rays "></a></li> <li id="top_story1"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/furry-sock-shoes/21397/" title="Furry sock shoes designed for walking, running and sports"></a></li> <li id="top_story2"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/tesla-model-x-unveiled/21411/" title="Tesla unveils Model X crossover electric car"></a></li> <li id="top_story3"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/rek-bookcase/21399/" title="Beautiful REK bookcase grows with your library"></a></li> <li id="top_story4"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/vw-transporter-doubleback-sliding-pod/21404/" title="DoubleBack adds a sliding pod to VW's Transporter van"></a></li> </ul> <ul id="titles"> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/camelbak-all-clear-uv/21413/">Camelbak All Clear Bottle zaps bacteria with UV rays </a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/furry-sock-shoes/21397/">Furry sock shoes designed for walking, running and sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/tesla-model-x-unveiled/21411/">Tesla unveils Model X crossover electric car</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/rek-bookcase/21399/">Beautiful REK bookcase grows with your library</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/vw-transporter-doubleback-sliding-pod/21404/">DoubleBack adds a sliding pod to VW's Transporter van</a></li> </ul> <div class="clear_both"></div> <a id="more" class="orange" href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/top_stories/">MORE TOP STORIES » </a> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="billboard"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("billboard"); }); </script> </div> <div id="content" class="narrow_content" data-article="21125"> <div id="article_top" class="summary_details">  <div class="sd_top"> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ var mobile = (/iphone|ipad|ipod|android|blackberry|mini|windows\sce|palm/i.test(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase())); if (mobile) { var mob_link = "<img src='https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/cellphone.png'/><a id='article_mobile_link' class='small' href='https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://m.gizmag.com/article/21125'>View on mobile site</a>"; $jqr('.sd_top').append(mob_link); } // ]]></script> <a class="small" href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/researchwatch/" style="float: left; ">RESEARCH WATCH</a> </div> <h2>Newly discovered molecule has potential to offset climate change and cool the planet</h2> <div class="summary_details_left"> <p>By <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/author/darren-quick/" rel="author">Darren Quick</a></p> <p><em>17:23 January 16, 2012</em></p> </div> <div class="summary_details_right"> <p><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comments.png" alt=""/> <a href="#comments">22 Comments</a> </p> <p><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/image_modernist.png" alt=""/> <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/criegee-biradicals-potentially-offset-global-warming/21125/pictures">2 Pictures</a></p> </div> </div> <div id="hero_box" style="width: 530px;"> <a id="hero_link" href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/criegee-biradicals-potentially-offset-global-warming/21125/pictures"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/hero/criegee.jpg" title="A newly discovered molecule, known as a Criegee biradical or Criegee intermediate, holds t..." width="530" height="297" alt="A newly discovered molecule, known as a Criegee biradical or Criegee intermediate, holds t..." border="0"/></a><div class="pic_caption"> <p>A newly discovered molecule, known as a Criegee biradical or Criegee intermediate, holds the potential to help offset global warming by actually cooling the planet (Photo: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.shutterstock.com/cat.mhtml?lang=en&search_source=search_form&version=llv1&anyorall=all&safesearch=1&searchterm=atmosphere&search_group=&orient=&search_cat=&searchtermx=&photographer_name=&people_gender=&people_age=&people_ethnicity=&people_number=&commercial_ok=&color=&show_color_wheel=1#id=92405731&src=00d4dd60c20e327735953c22b87b3114-1-0" target="_blank">Shutterstock</a>)</p> <strong><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/criegee-biradicals-potentially-offset-global-warming/21125/pictures" class="orange">Image Gallery</a> (2 images)</strong> </div> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div class="article_body"> <div id="top_unit"></div> <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220js_/http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"></script> <p>Researchers claim a newly discovered molecule found in the Earth's atmosphere holds the potential to help offset global warming by actually cooling the planet. The molecule is a Criegee biradical or Criegee intermediate, which are chemical intermediaries that are powerful oxidizers of pollutants produced by combustion, such as nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. They have the ability to naturally clean up the atmosphere by helping break down nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide to form sulfate and nitrate, which ultimately leads to cloud formation that could help cool the planet.</p> <p>Criegee biradicals are carbonyl oxides that were first hypothesized in the 1950s by Rudolf Criegee but had not been able to be directly detected until now. Using a unique apparatus designed by Sandia Lab researchers, researchers from the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.manchester.ac.uk/" target="_blank">University of Manchester</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.bris.ac.uk/" target="_blank">Bristol University</a> and <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.sandia.gov/" target="_blank">Sandia Labs</a> were able to detect the Criegee biradical - in this case formaldehyde oxide (CH<sub>2</sub>OO) - and measure how fast it reacts.</p> <p>The apparatus used the intense, tunable light from a third-generation synchrotron facility at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source to discern the formation and removal of different isomeric species, which are molecules that contain the same toms but arranged in different combinations.</p> <p><div style="width: 530px; height: 357px; " class="article_img"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/criegee-biradicals-potentially-offset-global-warming/21125/pictures#1" target="_blank"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/inline/criegee-1.jpg" width="530"/></a></div></p> <p>The researchers found that Criegee biradicals react much faster than initially thought and will accelerate the formation of sulfate and nitrate from sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere. They say that these compounds will lead to aerosol formation and ultimately cloud formation, which has the potential to cool the planet.</p> <p>"Our results will have a significant impact on our understanding of the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere and have wide ranging implications for pollution and climate change," said Dr Carl Percival, Reader in Atmospheric Chemistry at The University of Manchester and one of the authors of the paper. "The main source of these Criegee biradicals does not depend on sunlight and so these processes take place throughout the day and night."</p> <p>"A significant ingredient required for the production of these Criegee biradicals comes from chemicals released quite naturally by plants, so natural ecosystems could be playing a significant role in off-setting warming," added Professor Dudley Shallcross, Professor in Atmospheric Chemistry at The University of Bristol.</p> <p>The researcher team's paper, which is published in <em><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.sciencemag.org/content/335/6065/204.abstract?sid=67b75873-62c4-4f6c-80ff-1bb51a89eb4d" target="_blank">Science</a></em>, describes a new means of producing gas-phage Criegee intermediaries, which they used to prepare enough CH2OO to allow measurements of its reactions with water, sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide. It is this ability to reliably produce Criegee intermediaries that the team says will facilitate future research that could allow these molecules to play a major role in off-setting climate change.</p> <p>Below is a video from Sandia Labs with Sandia combustion researchers Craig Taatjes and David Osborn discussing the research.</p>  <div class="article_video"><iframe width="530" height="298" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220if_/http://www.youtube.com/embed/-XR--gQz-Bg" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> </div> <div id="bottom_unit"> <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220js_/http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"></script> </div> </div>  <span class="title">Share</span> <div id="article_share" class="dotsontop"> <div class="pw_widget pw_copypaste_false pw_size_24 pw_counter_false"> <a class="pw_googleplus"></a> <a class="pw_facebook"></a> <a class="pw_twitter"></a> <a class="pw_stumble_upon"></a> <a class="pw_title" style="display:none">Newly discovered molecule has potential to offset climate change and cool the planet</a> <a class="pw_url" style="display:none">http://www.gizmag.com/criegee-biradicals-potentially-offset-global-warming/21125/</a> </div> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220js_/http://i.po.st/share/script/post-widget.js#publisherKey=gizmagcom1096" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script> <fb:like href="http://www.gizmag.com/criegee-biradicals-potentially-offset-global-warming/21125/" send="false" width="450" show_faces="false" font="" id="facebook_like"></fb:like><script type="text/javascript">_ga.trackFacebook();</script> </div>   <div id="tags"> <span class="title">Tags</span> <div class="dotsontop"> <ul> <li>» <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/tag/climate+change/" rel="tag">Climate Change</a></li> <li>» <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/tag/global+warming/" rel="tag">Global Warming</a></li> <li>» <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/tag/lawrence-berkeley-national-laboratory/" rel="tag">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a></li> <li>» <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/tag/sandia-labs/" rel="tag">Sandia Labs</a></li> <li>» <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/tag/university+of+bristol/" rel="tag">University of Bristol</a></li> <li>» <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/tag/university-of-manchester/" rel="tag">University of Manchester</a></li> <li class="clear_both"></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="bing_unit"></div>  <span class="title" id="comments">User Comments (22)</span> <div class="dotsontop" id="comment_dots">  <div id="comment-103270" class="a_comment"> <p>Hopeful that something useful (in a non explosive way) can come from these projects. </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">Gordon Meredith</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 05:12 am PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103279" class="a_comment"> <p>won't these clouds full of pollutants cause acid rain all over again </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">Michael Kruger</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 07:09 am PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103300" class="a_comment"> <p>I wonder if these chemicals or a derivative can be used to clear the air of smog or heat inversion problems? Imagine a crop duster plane flying around LA and a path of clear air behind. </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">notarichman</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 08:09 am PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103318" class="a_comment"> <p>OK sci-fi fans. Imagine 20 years into the future. An "eco-bomb" has been theorized and built by a European organization, a clandestine division of Green Peace. </p> <p>This bomb, called the Criegee intermediary broadcast device is capable of being detonated over a major city and, in theory, cause a mass restructuring of the pollutants and render a clean and cooler enviornment. </p> <p>The only problem is that no one is willing to chance the possibility that, as a result of the release of such a great quantity of the Criegee biradicals, a power struggle would be created between the corporations that now no longer need to clean and scrub their waste and the enviornmentalists who, by now have the upper hand. </p> <p>It gets better, but you get the idea, huh? </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">capn_jack@bellsouth.net</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 09:30 am PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103321" class="a_comment"> <p>That's a great idea! If a little bit can cool and clean the climate, just imagine what a bunch can do. Dang the global warming, soon we'll be back to talking about the coming Ice Age. Sometimes I wonder if those 50's sience fiction movies didn't have it right in the first place. </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">lnjvand</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 09:36 am PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103327" class="a_comment"> <p>First we have to think what if the planet is not warming? Should we help the Planet? Or just leave her alone!!!! Who Should be the one making the Choices a handful of science majors and a politician? Or The Worlds Population? We must think! </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">bdenny05</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 09:53 am PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103342" class="a_comment"> <p>This is the most unbelievable audacity - to think that man needs to control planetary climate. You'd be doing better to develop something that would allow mankind to more easily adapt to the naturally repetitive and cyclic climate changes of the Planet rather than changing the Planet to unnaturally suit mankind. I also think you need to check historical climate patterns before you talk about global warming. Based on historical EVIDENCE that tracks the cycles of climate change, the Planet is entering a cold-phase as a result of the shift of the magnetic pole. I suggest your research includes The 1844 edition of The New York Dissector, Vol 2. ppg 379-383 that discusses historic changes of temperatures in Greenland relative to the shifting magnetic poles. This scientific and historically accurate document exposes the current Gore-inspired 'Global warming' scam for what it is - a scam. PLEASE stop trying to double-guess Nature. </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">rsb1</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 10:50 am PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103357" class="a_comment"> <p>The discovery is very interesting, I wonder if they could test the output of the HH2 Hydrogen Clean Air Combustion System as the HH2 cleans up toxic exhaust emission inside the engine during combustion. California smog tests show reductions of Carbon Monoxide, reductions Nox up to 98%+ and several other gases are lowered or eliminated. </p> <p></p> <p>The HH2 system has been installed here in many locations in the USA and results are reported by clients of significant reductions in toxic exhaust emissions across the board. </p> <p></p> <p>The HH2 system disassociates the Hydrogen and Oxygen molecules from water in a sealed system the creates each gas completely separate from the other using only 12-14 volts from a vehicle battery connection. Amps vary from 5 to 15 amps during operation and the power draw is consistent as it works only when the engine ignition circuit is running. </p> <p></p> <p>To date every installation has reduced toxic exhaust emissions on ALL vehicle the HH2 system has been properly installed. Client results and names available by request to valid entities upon signing a NDA prior to release of any info. </p> <p></p> <p>I am curious if some of the discovered Criegee intermediaries are being created via our system. Website: www.HH2.US </p> <p></p> <p>Comments??? </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">Dr. Derek Zupancic</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 12:16 pm PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103366" class="a_comment"> <p>These are some of the most dangerously stupid men I have ever heard of, absolutely frightening with no understanding of the climate changes involved. They would start an ice age and do what many want, that is kill most of the population. There is no global warming, there is solar system warming as we have moved into a new area of space and all the planets in the solar system are heating up not just earth, futher it is a temporary condition. This is not the first civilization on this planet and we have to stop "GUERILLA ENGINEERING". I have seen this kind of work before, to be kind, I am underwhelmed, this is a political population reduction agenda, not a scientific agenda. Shame. Even when the science outs this garbage agenda, even when the Britts get caught falsifying data, and who is involve again, the Britts, we still see this prpaganda, why is that? I cannot prove it, but I believe someone is patting idiots on the head for provding a hard to prove path to mass murder. </p> <p></p> <p>Sandia: providing idiots to the absolutely corrupt, all they need is a new logo. How about a jackass, no the dems got that, hmmm... </p> <p></p> <p>R. Dunn </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">RICHDUNN</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 12:45 pm PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103375" class="a_comment"> <p>Criegee biradicals seem to increase air pollution, enlarge the ozon hole and make non watery clouds,a disaster not an improvement. </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">jochair</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 01:14 pm PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103384" class="a_comment"> <p>The real problem is Geo-engineering. This is not meant to control the weather; it's meant to cull the population with Chemicals. They are 'spraying' in the upper atmosphere with jets, leaving Chemtrails composed of Aluminum, Barium, & Strontium which are all highly toxic to ALL life; vegetable, animal, human. Aluminum alone causes brain damage; Alzheimers is gone up radically as well as Autism. </p> <p>This is why this type of discovery will never be implemented. </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">Steve Alvarez</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 01:51 pm PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103387" class="a_comment"> <p>I hate to think that a highly-rated, credible blog like Gizmag is still pushing political climate change nonsense. It's not 2007 anymore, and Al already got rich and doesn't need any more bucks. </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">Todd Dunning</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 02:11 pm PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103396" class="a_comment"> <p>In that water vapor also leads to cloud formation and there was some uncertainty as the impact, positive or negative, I'm hesitant to cheer, but really interesting discovery non the less. Here is an interesting article on cloud forcing wikipedia - </p> <p><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_forcing">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_forcing</a>. </p> <p></p> <p>I wonder how this would impact vegetation. </p> <p></p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">Bacchus Bacchus P</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 02:43 pm PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103402" class="a_comment"> <p>I smell a geoengineering skunk in the works. Could we not do this experiment on another planet first-perhaps one that is not inhabitated with 7+ billion people? I prefer a low carbon diet, which will come soon enough anyways given our rate of carbon fuel use. </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">ADVENTUREMUFFIN</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 03:50 pm PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103411" class="a_comment"> <p></p> <p>So we'll just have an extremely polluted planet with an acidified oceans dead of most life but jellyfish, but it'll be cooler!! </p> <p></p> <p>For under 10% of the cost of a house it could produce it's own energy for 25-50 yrs with little pollution. PV panels are under $1.50/wt if well shopped and doing some of the legwork, a system grid tied for $3/wt which is cheaper than retail coal today. </p> <p></p> <p>A 2kw windgen costing under $700 in parts, labor to make and $2/wt--$2k/kw to put in can supply an eff home for 50+ yrs. Yet the only ones that work cost effectively are from small shops called Axialflux wind generators. Why can't business supply them at that price? </p> <p></p> <p>Facts are a home with a good RE resource is by far the cheapest, cleanest power we can have. And yes all the reasons you have against then have been solved for decades. </p> <p></p> <p>And you all who use fossil fuels will pay through the a--. Think of me every time you pay another electric, NG, gasoline bill knowing others laugh all the way to ther bank. Yes I drive my EV's at 250-600mg equivalent. </p> <p></p> <p>So keep working your but-t off to pay your FF masters. I think I'll go fishing ;^P </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">jerryd</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 04:16 pm PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103420" class="a_comment"> <p>They will think of some way to kill people with it long before it's used for anything good. </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">Terry Penrose</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 04:56 pm PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103426" class="a_comment"> <p>Hmmm.. and it occurs NATURALLY in the atmosphere...I wonder WHY? </p> <p>I love the use of the words "sulphates" and "Nitrates" so loosely thrown around as if it's a wonderful thing. It's a good thing most of the world is ignorant and gullible otherwise there's be an uprising over stuff like this! MORE CLOUDS they say? I say that's INTERFERENCE in a natural process. DANGER Will Robinson... DANGER!!! </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">paulgo</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 05:16 pm PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103456" class="a_comment"> <p>There's a short cut to this- turning atmospheric nitrogen into more oxygen- the BLACKGOLD SAVER NITROUS-OXYHYDROGEN Fuel Booster, Saver and Emission Cleanser! </p> <p><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.wix.com/zyberjune/blackgold-saver-nno-hho">http://www.wix.com/zyberjune/blackgold-saver-nno-hho</a> </p> <p></p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">June Yasol</span> <span class="date">- January 17, 2012 @ 11:10 pm PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103540" class="a_comment"> <p>This is artificial, dangerous and any chain reaction can cause sudden global cooling, but this does prove, plant more trees, protect the environment, protect what's there, stop deforestation. </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">Dawar Saify</span> <span class="date">- January 18, 2012 @ 07:03 am PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103582" class="a_comment"> <p>Lots has been said about the danger of this kind of tinkering. I have to add...They appear to have developed a system to detect the effects of the compound on a limited number of molecules. They now just have to monitor the effects on the hundreds and thousands of other compounds that exist in order to properly assess the danger. </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">Paul Anthony</span> <span class="date">- January 18, 2012 @ 09:11 am PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-103813" class="a_comment"> <p>HOAX!!! </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">Marvin Keith</span> <span class="date">- January 19, 2012 @ 08:54 am PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="comment-104485" class="a_comment"> <p>Two words: cane toads. The argument for this is a really dangerous one, it would be too easy for this to get out of hand. It could end up like the cane toads. Disastrous. </p> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/icons/comment.png" alt="comment"> <span class="name">Ethan Brush</span> <span class="date">- January 23, 2012 @ 03:30 pm PST</span> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> </div> <span class="title">Post a Comment</span> <div class="dotsontop" id="comment_form_div"> <div id="comment_form" data-article="21125"> <div id="comments_login"> <form action="" style="clear: both; padding-top: 0px;" name="login_form" id="login_form" onsubmit="return false;"> <p><strong>Login with your gizmag account:</strong></p> <p id="login_status"></p> <label for="email">Email</label><input type="text" class="text" name="email" id="email" value=""/><br/><br/> <label for="password">Password</label><input type="password" class="text" name="password" id="password" value=""/><br/> <div> <input type="submit" style="float: right" id="submit" value="Log In"/> <div id="options"> <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/register/">Register here</a>       <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/new_password/">Forgotten your password?</a> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" id="expired_comment" value=""/> </form> </div> <div id="facebook_login"> <p>Or <strong>Login with Facebook:</strong></p><br/> <fb:login-button scope="email" max-rows="1" onlogin="loginFUser(21125);" autologoutlink="true"></fb:login-button> </div> </div> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <br/> <span class="title">Related Articles</span> <div class="dotsontop"> <div id="related_articles"> <div class="pair"> <div> <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/air-purifying-roads/15638/" class="image" style="clear: both" title="Nitrogen oxides emitted from car exhausts can lead to acid rain, smog and damage to respir..."> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/related/car-exhaust.jpg" alt="Nitrogen oxides emitted from car exhausts can lead to acid rain, smog and damage to respir..."/></a> <a style="clear: both" class="blue" href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/air-purifying-roads/15638/">On the road to cleaner air with air-purifying concrete</a> </div> <div> <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/pressure-cooking-algae-biofuel/14943/" class="image" style="clear: both" title="Peigao Duan, a University of Michigan graduate student, holds a vial of bio-oil"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/related/algae.jpg" alt="Peigao Duan, a University of Michigan graduate student, holds a vial of bio-oil"/></a> <a style="clear: both" class="blue" href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/pressure-cooking-algae-biofuel/14943/">Putting the pressure on algae to create biofuel</a> </div> <div class="clear_both" style="height: 10px;"></div> </div> <div class="pair"> <div> <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/edible-nontoxic-carbon-filter/19955/" class="image" style="clear: both" title="The Northwestern filter changes color when full of carbon dioxide, then changes back after..."> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/related/co2sponge.jpg" alt="The Northwestern filter changes color when full of carbon dioxide, then changes back after..."/></a> <a style="clear: both" class="blue" href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/edible-nontoxic-carbon-filter/19955/">Edible sponge captures and stores carbon dioxide</a> </div> <div> <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/engineers-creating-carbon-negative-mars-rocket/15801/" class="image" style="clear: both" title="Sathyakumar Sharma with aluminum powder, which is mixed with carbon dioxide to fuel the ro..."> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/related/rocket.jpg" alt="Sathyakumar Sharma with aluminum powder, which is mixed with carbon dioxide to fuel the ro..."/></a> <a style="clear: both" class="blue" href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/engineers-creating-carbon-negative-mars-rocket/15801/">Engineers creating carbon-negative Mars rocket</a> </div> <div class="clear_both" style="height: 10px;"></div> </div> <div class="pair"> <div> <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/eggshells-to-fight-global-warming/16771/" class="image" style="clear: both" title="Indian researchers have found that eggshells could be used for carbon capture and sequestr..."> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/related/eggs.jpg" alt="Indian researchers have found that eggshells could be used for carbon capture and sequestr..."/></a> <a style="clear: both" class="blue" href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/eggshells-to-fight-global-warming/16771/">Eggshells could be used to fight global warming</a> </div> <div> <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/bacteria-sunlight-co2-renewable-petroleum/18223/" class="image" style="clear: both" title="Shewanella bacteria, which produces ketones that are processed into fuel(Image from 'Culti..."> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/related/bacteriafuel.png" alt="Shewanella bacteria, which produces ketones that are processed into fuel(Image from 'Culti..."/></a> <a style="clear: both" class="blue" href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/bacteria-sunlight-co2-renewable-petroleum/18223/">Scientists use bacteria to create fuel from sunlight and CO2</a> </div> <div class="clear_both" style="height: 10px;"></div> </div> </div> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div>  <span class="title">Email this article to a friend</span> <div id="email_friend_div" class="dotsontop padding10"> <p><em>Just enter your friends and your email address into the form below</em></p> <p><span id="emailfriendnote">For multiple addresses, separate each with a comma</span></p> <form id="emailafriend" name="emailafriend" action="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/email/friend" class="padding10" onsubmit="email_friend_valid('email_friend', 21125, document.emailafriend.friendsemail.value, document.emailafriend.youremail.value); return false; "> <div id="emailresult"></div> <div class="emailbox"> <label for="youremail">Your Email</label><br/> <input id="youremail" type="text" name="youremail"/> </div> <div class="emailbox"> <label for="friendsemail">Friends Email</label><br/> <input id="friendsemail" type="text" name="friendsemail"/> </div> <div class="emailbutton"> <input type="submit" value="Email"/> </div> </form> <br class="clear_both"/> <p id="privacy">Privacy is safe with us because we have a strict <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/privacy/">privacy policy</a>.</p> </div>  <div id="search_form_bottom"> <form action="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/search/" id="cse-search-box-bottom"> <span class="title">Looking for something? Search our 16,971 articles</span> <div class="dotsontop"> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-1607124478120364:bqw4wo-1udf"/> <input type="hidden" name="cof" value="FORID:11"/> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="ISO-8859-1"/> <input type="text" name="q" size="66" id="search_input"/> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search"/> </div> </form> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220js_/http://www.google.com/cse/brand?form=cse-search-box-bottom&lang=en"></script> </div> </div> <div id="right_cols"> <div class="island" id="island_top_right"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("island_top_right"); }); </script> </div> <div id="right_col_a"> <div id="right_col_b"> <div class="ad" id="skyscraper_right"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("skyscraper_right"); }); </script> </div> <div class="ad"> <span class="title">Sections</span> <ul class="dots" id="sections_list"> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/aerogizmo/">Aero Gizmo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/aroundthehome/">Around The Home</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/automotive/">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/babygizmo/">Baby Gizmo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/childsplay/">Childsplay</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/digital-cameras/">Digital Cameras</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/ecogizmo/">ecoGizmo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/electronics/">Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/games/">Games</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/goodthinking/">Good Thinking</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/health/">Health and Wellbeing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/destinations/">Holiday Destinations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/homeentertainment/">Home Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/remarkablepeople/">Inventors and Remarkable People</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/laptops/">Laptops</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/military/">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/mobiletechnology/">Mobile Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/motorcycles/">Motorcycles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/music/">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/onthewater/">On the Water</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/outdoors/">Outdoors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/personalcomputing/">Personal Computing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/petgizmos/">Pet Gizmos</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/podcasts/">Podcasts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/researchwatch/">Research Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/robotics/">Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/scienceandeducation/">Science and Education</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/sports/">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/spygear/">Spy Gear</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/telecommunications/">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/urbantransport/">Urban Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/wearableelectronics/">Wearable Electronics</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <span class="title">Recent popular articles in Research Watch</span> <ul id="vertical_sprite"> <li class="img sect_37" id="story0"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/new-super-earth-discovered/21339/" title="New " super-earth" discovered only 22 light years away"></a></li> <li class="ar_title"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/new-super-earth-discovered/21339/">New "Super-Earth" discovered only 22 light years away</a></li> <li class="img sect_37" id="story1"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/mit-diy-solar-cells-grass-clippings/21341/" title="MIT envisions DIY solar cells made from grass clippings"></a></li> <li class="ar_title"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/mit-diy-solar-cells-grass-clippings/21341/">MIT envisions DIY solar cells made from grass clippings</a></li> <li class="img sect_37" id="story2"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/esa-marsis-radar-mars-ocean/21393/" title="Further evidence that Mars once had oceans emerges"></a></li> <li class="ar_title"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/esa-marsis-radar-mars-ocean/21393/">Further evidence that Mars once had oceans emerges</a></li> <li class="img sect_37" id="story3"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/heat-magnetic-data-storage/21390/" title="Recording data using heat could lead to faster, more efficient magnetic recording devices"></a></li> <li class="ar_title"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/heat-magnetic-data-storage/21390/">Recording data using heat could lead to faster, more efficient magnetic recording devices</a></li> <li class="img sect_37" id="story4"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/cold-plasma-kills-bacteria-on-raw-chicken/21356/" title="Cold plasma used to kill bacteria on raw chicken"></a></li> <li class="ar_title"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/cold-plasma-kills-bacteria-on-raw-chicken/21356/">Cold plasma used to kill bacteria on raw chicken</a></li> <li class="img sect_37" id="story5"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/arapaima-piranha-proof-scales/21419/" title="Fish's piranha-proof scales could lead to tough, flexible body armor"></a></li> <li class="ar_title"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/arapaima-piranha-proof-scales/21419/">Fish's piranha-proof scales could lead to tough, flexible body armor</a></li> <li class="img sect_37" id="story6"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/graphene-superpermeable-to-water/21240/" title="Graphene reveals yet another extraordinary property"></a></li> <li class="ar_title"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/graphene-superpermeable-to-water/21240/">Graphene reveals yet another extraordinary property</a></li> <li class="img sect_37" id="story7"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/computer-reconstructed-heard-words-brain/21298/" title="Scientists use brain activity analysis to reconstruct words heard by test subjects"></a></li> <li class="ar_title"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/computer-reconstructed-heard-words-brain/21298/">Scientists use brain activity analysis to reconstruct words heard by test subjects</a></li> <li class="img sect_37" id="story8"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/synthetic-cell-membrane-created/21263/" title="Synthetic cell membrane marks another step towards creation of fully artificial life forms"></a></li> <li class="ar_title"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/synthetic-cell-membrane-created/21263/">Synthetic cell membrane marks another step towards creation of fully artificial life forms</a></li> <li class="img sect_37" id="story9"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/brain-capable-of-redefining-peoples-selves/17951/" title="Scientists claim that 'self' can relocate to other bodies, or be made to include a third arm"></a></li> <li class="ar_title"><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/brain-capable-of-redefining-peoples-selves/17951/">Scientists claim that 'self' can relocate to other bodies, or be made to include a third arm</a></li> </ul> <div class="clear_both"></div> <div class="island" id="island_bottom_right"> <script type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("island_bottom_right"); }); </script> </div>  </div>  </div> <div class="clear_left"></div>  </div>  <div id="footer_outer"> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer_items_top"></div> <div id="footer_items_mid">  <div class="footer_item" id="footer_popular"> <span class="title">Most Popular Articles</span> <div class="dotsontop"> <div class="tabs"> <a onclick="swap_tab('popular_today', 'popular_week', 'popular_all'); sndReqArg('popular_articles', '86400');" id="popular_today" style="font-weight: bold">Today</a> <a onclick="swap_tab('popular_week', 'popular_all', 'popular_today'); sndReqArg('popular_articles', '604800');" id="popular_week">Last Week</a> <a onclick="swap_tab('popular_all', 'popular_week', 'popular_today'); sndReqArg('popular_articles', '');" id="popular_all">All Time</a> </div> <ul id="popular_articles">  <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/vw-transporter-doubleback-sliding-pod/21404/">DoubleBack adds a sliding pod to VW's Transporter van</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/sss-ultra-realistic-skin/21401/">Programmer nails real-time rendering of ultra-realistic human skin</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/furry-sock-shoes/21397/">Furry sock shoes designed for walking, running and sports</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/camelbak-all-clear-uv/21413/">Camelbak All Clear Bottle zaps bacteria with UV rays</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/rek-bookcase/21399/">Beautiful REK bookcase grows with your library</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/vw-transporter-doubleback-sliding-pod/21404/pictures">DoubleBack adds a sliding pod to VW's Transporter van - Images</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/smartphone-apps-drugs-depression/21418/">Smartphone tech battles drug abuse and depression</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/arapaima-piranha-proof-scales/21419/">Fish's piranha-proof scales could lead to tough, flexible body armor</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/azerbaijan-tower-kilometer-high/21409/">World's tallest building proposed for Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/tesla-model-x-unveiled/21411/">Tesla unveils Model X crossover electric car</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="footer_item" id="footer_commented"> <span class="title">Most Commented Articles</span> <div class="dotsontop"> <div class="tabs"> <a onclick="swap_tab('commented_today', 'commented_week', 'commented_all'); sndReqArg('commented_articles', '86400');" id="commented_today">Today</a> <a onclick="swap_tab('commented_week', 'commented_all', 'commented_today'); sndReqArg('commented_articles', '604800');" id="commented_week" style="font-weight: bold">Last Week</a> <a onclick="swap_tab('commented_all', 'commented_week', 'commented_today'); sndReqArg('commented_articles', '');" id="commented_all">All Time</a> </div> <ul id="commented_articles">  <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/stanford-wireless-ev-charging/21321/">Stanford system could allow EVs to recharge from the road, while moving</a> (45)</li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/safety-sphere-motorcycle-airbag/21354/">Dramatic "Safety Sphere" concept provides all-round protection for motorcyclists</a> (31)</li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/first-industry-railgun-prototype-launcher/21377/">U.S. Navy set to test first industry railgun prototype</a> (25)</li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/new-super-earth-discovered/21339/">New "Super-Earth" discovered only 22 light years away</a> (18)</li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/small-house-tower-home/21369/">Small House has the footprint of an average sized bedroom</a> (16)</li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/ten-year-old-creates-molecule/21357/">Child creates molecule that could be used for energy storage or explosives</a> (16)</li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/sss-ultra-realistic-skin/21401/">Programmer nails real-time rendering of ultra-realistic human skin</a> (15)</li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/hanczar-wheeled-sled/21373/">Snowless sled: Summer downhilling for brave souls</a> (13)</li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/imodela-3d-printer-carves/21330/">While 3D printers build, iModela carves</a> (12)</li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/pureflame-wall-mounted-fireplaces/21360/">Pureflame lets you hang a fireplace on your wall</a> (11)</li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="footer_item nomargin" style="margin: 0px;" id="footer_subscribe"> <span class="title">Subscribe to Gizmag</span> <div class="dotsontop"> <form id="footer_email" action="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/newsletter/" method="post"> <p>Subscribe to Gizmag's email newsletter:</p> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe"/> <input type="hidden" name="location" value="footer"/> <input type="text" name="email" class="email" value="Enter Your Email Address ..." onclick="this.value=''"/> <input type="image" value="Go" class="submit" src="/web/20120212184220im_/http://www.gizmag.com/images/gobutton.png"/> </form> <div class="subscribe_options"> <a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://twitter.com/gizmag/" class="twitter_footer greytitle"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/twitter-bird-med.png" alt="Follow Gizmag on Twitter" align="left"/> <span class="small">Follow Gizmag on</span><br/> <span class="large">Twitter</span></a> </div> <div class="subscribe_options"> <a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/xml/" class="rss_footer greytitle"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://images.gizmag.com/layout/rss_icon_footer.png" alt="" align="left"/> <span class="small">Subscribe to Gizmag's </span><br/> <span class="large">RSS feed</span></a> </div> <div class="subscribe_options googleplus_footer"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/https://plus.google.com/105149739082983197804?prsrc=3" style="cursor:pointer;display:inline;text-decoration:none;color:#333;font:13px/16px arial,sans-serif;"> <span style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;vertical-align:top;margin-right:5px;margin-top:8px;">Gizmag</span><span style="display:inline;vertical-align:top;margin-right:15px;margin-top:8px;">on</span><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/https://ssl.gstatic.com/images/icons/gplus-32.png" alt="" style="border:0;width:32px;height:32px;"/> </a> </div>  <div class="stumbleupon_footer"> <su:follow ref="21057162" layout="2"></su:follow> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var li = document.createElement('script'); li.type = 'text/javascript'; li.async = true; li.src = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/http://cdn.stumble-upon.com/js/widgets-follow.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(li, s); })(); </script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clear_both"></div> </div> <div id="footer_items_bottom"></div> <div id="copyright"><em>All content copyright © Gizmag 2003 - 2012</em></div> <div class="clear_left"></div> </div> </div> <div class="index" id="footer_index"> <div class="index_center bottom_strip"> <ul> <li><a href="#top">Top</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/newsletter/">Email News</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/about/">About</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/privacy/">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/termsofuse/">Terms & Conditions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20120212184220/http://www.gizmag.com/advertise/" class="brighter">Advertise</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/web/20120212184220cs_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/jqmodal/jqModal.css"/> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="/web/20120212184220js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/jqmodal/jqModal.js"></script> <div id="subscribe_overlay_container" class="jqmWindow"></div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20120212184220js_/http://www.gizmag.com/inc/subscribe_overlay.js?x=1329072140"></script>  <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220js_/http://static.getclicky.com/js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript">clicky.init(110681);</script> <noscript><p><img alt="Clicky" width="1" height="1" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220im_/http://in.getclicky.com/110681ns.gif"/></p></noscript>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220js_/http://static.fmpub.net/site/gizmag"></script>  <script type="text/javascript"> var _sf_async_config={uid:4159,domain:"gizmag.com"}; (function(){ function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt=(new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement('script'); e.setAttribute('language', 'javascript'); e.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript'); e.setAttribute('src', (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220/https://s3.amazonaws.com/" : "http://") + "static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js"); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != 'function') ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; })(); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120212184220js_/http://s3.amazonaws.com/new.cetrk.com/pages/scripts/0008/8786.js"> </script>   <div id="bottom_include"> <script type="text/javascript">googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("bottom_include"); });</script> </div>    </body> </html>