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value="Speciale:Ricerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ricerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Strumenti personali"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifica la dimensione, la larghezza e il colore del testo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspetto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Bonna" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Bonna" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu 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mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Storia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Storia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Da_Augusto_a_Vespasiano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Da_Augusto_a_Vespasiano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Da Augusto a Vespasiano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Da_Augusto_a_Vespasiano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Da_Domiziano_a_Diocleziano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Da_Domiziano_a_Diocleziano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Da Domiziano a Diocleziano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Da_Domiziano_a_Diocleziano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Il_IV_e_V_secolo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_IV_e_V_secolo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Il IV e V secolo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il_IV_e_V_secolo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Bibliografia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fonti_primarie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonti_primarie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fonti primarie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonti_primarie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonti_secondarie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonti_secondarie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Fonti secondarie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonti_secondarie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Voci correlate</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Personaggi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personaggi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Personaggi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personaggi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Località_geografiche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Località_geografiche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Località geografiche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Località_geografiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bonna</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 3 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionslager_Bonn" title="Legionslager Bonn - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Legionslager Bonn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonna" title="Bonna - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bonna" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonna" title="Bonna - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bonna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3027848#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bonna" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Bonna" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bonna"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bonna"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Bonna" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Bonna" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&oldid=141726368" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Bonna&id=141726368&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBonna"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBonna"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bonna"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bonna&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3027848" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130658281">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote.nota-disambigua{clear:both;margin-top:0;padding:.05em .5em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Bonna_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bonna (disambigua)">Bonna (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background-color:lightsteelblue;">Bonna</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonn_model_Roman_camp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bonn_model_Roman_camp.jpg/260px-Bonn_model_Roman_camp.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bonn_model_Roman_camp.jpg/390px-Bonn_model_Roman_camp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bonn_model_Roman_camp.jpg/520px-Bonn_model_Roman_camp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1594" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Modellino ricostruttivo dell'antico <i><a href="/wiki/Castrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Castrum">castrum</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Legione_romana" title="Legione romana">legionario</a> di Bonna.</td></tr><tr><th>Periodo di attività</th><td>forte <a href="/wiki/Truppe_ausiliarie_dell%27esercito_romano" title="Truppe ausiliarie dell'esercito romano">ausiliario</a> dall'<a href="/wiki/11_a.C." title="11 a.C.">11 a.C.</a> al <a href="/wiki/18" title="18">18</a> circa<br />fortezza <a href="/wiki/Legione_romana" title="Legione romana">legionaria</a> dal <a href="/wiki/18" title="18">18</a> al <a href="/wiki/V_secolo" title="V secolo">V secolo</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Località moderna</th><td><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Unità presenti</th><td><a href="/wiki/Legio_I_Germanica" title="Legio I Germanica">Legio I Germanica</a> dal <a href="/wiki/18" title="18">18</a> al <a href="/wiki/70" title="70">70</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Legio_XXI_Rapax" title="Legio XXI Rapax">Legio XXI Rapax</a> dal <a href="/wiki/70" title="70">70</a> all'<a href="/wiki/83" title="83">83</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Legio_I_Minervia" title="Legio I Minervia">Legio I Minervia</a> dall'<a href="/wiki/83" title="83">83</a> al <a href="/wiki/V_secolo" title="V secolo">V secolo</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Dimensioni <a href="/wiki/Castrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Castrum">castrum</a></th><td>520x516 metri, pari a 26,83 <a href="/wiki/Ettaro" title="Ettaro">ha</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Provincia_romana" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia romana">Provincia romana</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Germania_inferiore" title="Germania inferiore">Germania inferiore</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Battaglie nei pressi</th><td>sconosciute </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bonna</b> era il nome dell'antica fortezza <a href="/wiki/Legione_romana" title="Legione romana">legionaria</a> della <a href="/wiki/Provincia_romana" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia romana">provincia romana</a> della <a href="/wiki/Germania_inferiore" title="Germania inferiore">Germania inferiore</a>, che corrisponde all'odierna città <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">tedesca</a> di <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>. Era posizionata di fronte alle tribù <a href="/wiki/Germani" title="Germani">germaniche</a> di <a href="/wiki/Tencteri" title="Tencteri">Tencteri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Usipeti" title="Usipeti">Usipeti</a> e <a href="/wiki/Sigambri" title="Sigambri">Sigambri</a> (poco più a nord), e comunque nelle vicinanze della temibile tribù dei <a href="/wiki/Catti" title="Catti">Catti</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Limes_romano" class="mw-redirect" title="Limes romano">Limes romano</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Da_Augusto_a_Vespasiano">Da Augusto a Vespasiano</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Da Augusto a Vespasiano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Da Augusto a Vespasiano"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Occupazione_romana_della_Germania_sotto_Augusto" title="Occupazione romana della Germania sotto Augusto">Occupazione romana della Germania sotto Augusto</a></b> e <b><a href="/wiki/Spedizione_germanica_di_Germanico" title="Spedizione germanica di Germanico">Spedizione germanica di Germanico</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Con la fine dell'<a href="/wiki/11_a.C." title="11 a.C.">11 a.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Druso_maggiore" title="Druso maggiore">Druso maggiore</a>, fratello del futuro imperatore <a href="/wiki/Tiberio" title="Tiberio">Tiberio</a>, decise di posizionare presso la località di <i>Bonna</i> un primo accampamento di <a href="/wiki/Truppe_ausiliarie_dell%27esercito_romano" title="Truppe ausiliarie dell'esercito romano">truppe ausiliarie</a>. Egli infatti, l'anno successivo (<a href="/wiki/10_a.C." title="10 a.C.">10 a.C.</a>) operò ancora più a sud, dalla fortezza legionaria di <i><a href="/wiki/Mogontiacum" title="Mogontiacum">Mogontiacum</a></i> (l'odierna <a href="/wiki/Magonza" title="Magonza">Magonza</a>) prima contro i <a href="/wiki/Mattiaci" title="Mattiaci">Mattiaci</a> e poi contro i <a href="/wiki/Catti" title="Catti">Catti</a>, devastando le loro terre, costruendovi alcune fortezze, tra cui quella di <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6dgen_(accampamento_romano)" title="Rödgen (accampamento romano)">Rödgen</a>, ed infine un ponte proprio a <i>Bonna</i> e ponendovi a sua difesa anche una flotta per quel tratto di fiume <a href="/wiki/Reno" title="Reno">Reno</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Marina_militare_romana#Classis_Germanica" title="Marina militare romana">Classis Germanica</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In seguito alla sconfitta subita da <a href="/wiki/Publio_Quintilio_Varo" title="Publio Quintilio Varo">Publio Quintilio Varo</a> nel <a href="/wiki/9" title="9">9</a> nella <a href="/wiki/Battaglia_della_foresta_di_Teutoburgo" title="Battaglia della foresta di Teutoburgo">foresta di Teutoburgo</a>, Augusto decise il ritiro definitivo della truppe dall'appena costituita provincia di <a href="/wiki/Germania_(provincia_romana)" title="Germania (provincia romana)">Germania</a>. Ma fu solo con la fine delle <a href="/wiki/Spedizione_germanica_di_Germanico" title="Spedizione germanica di Germanico">campagne militari</a> di <a href="/wiki/Germanico_Giulio_Cesare" title="Germanico Giulio Cesare">Germanico</a> del <a href="/wiki/14" title="14">14</a>-<a href="/wiki/16" title="16">16</a> che a <i>Bonna</i> venne costruita una nuova fortezza (che misurava 520x516 metri, pari a 26,83 <a href="/wiki/Ettaro" title="Ettaro">ha</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), dove fu insediata una Legione (la <a href="/wiki/Legio_I_Germanica" title="Legio I Germanica">Legio I Germanica</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Al termine di queste operazioni Tiberio creava due nuove "aree militarizzate" ad ovest del fiume <a href="/wiki/Reno" title="Reno">Reno</a>, divenute settant'anni più tardi le nuove <a href="/wiki/Provincia_romana" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia romana">province</a> della <a href="/wiki/Germania_inferiore" title="Germania inferiore">Germania inferiore</a> e della <a href="/wiki/Germania_superiore" title="Germania superiore">superiore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Con la morte dell'imperatore <a href="/wiki/Nerone" title="Nerone">Nerone</a> fu coinvolta nella <a href="/wiki/Rivolta_batava" title="Rivolta batava">Rivolta batava</a> degli anni <a href="/wiki/69" title="69">69</a> e <a href="/wiki/70" title="70">70</a>, al termine della quale la <a href="/wiki/Legio_I_Germanica" title="Legio I Germanica">legio I Germanica</a> fu sciolta. Ciò che restava di questa legione fu fuso nella <a href="/wiki/Legio_VII_Gemina" title="Legio VII Gemina">legio VII Gemina</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Da_Domiziano_a_Diocleziano">Da Domiziano a Diocleziano</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Da Domiziano a Diocleziano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Da Domiziano a Diocleziano"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bonn_map_Roman_settlement_area.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bonn_map_Roman_settlement_area.jpg/220px-Bonn_map_Roman_settlement_area.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bonn_map_Roman_settlement_area.jpg/330px-Bonn_map_Roman_settlement_area.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Bonn_map_Roman_settlement_area.jpg/440px-Bonn_map_Roman_settlement_area.jpg 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Mappa ricostruttiva dell'antico <i>castrum romano</i> di Bonna.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Campagne_germaniche_di_Domiziano" title="Campagne germaniche di Domiziano">Campagne germaniche di Domiziano</a></b> e <b><a href="/wiki/Invasioni_barbariche_del_III_secolo" title="Invasioni barbariche del III secolo">Invasioni barbariche del III secolo</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Con il nuovo imperatore <a href="/wiki/Tito_Flavio_Vespasiano" class="mw-redirect" title="Tito Flavio Vespasiano">Vespasiano</a> la <a href="/wiki/Legio_I_Germanica" title="Legio I Germanica">Legio I Germanica</a> fu sostituita (attorno al <a href="/wiki/70" title="70">70</a>) dalla <a href="/wiki/Legio_XXI_Rapax" title="Legio XXI Rapax">legio XXI Rapax</a>, che partendo un decennio più tardi per le <a href="/wiki/Campagne_germaniche_di_Domiziano" title="Campagne germaniche di Domiziano">campagne in Germania</a> contro le popolazioni dei <a href="/wiki/Catti" title="Catti">Catti</a> (<a href="/wiki/83" title="83">83</a> circa),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lasciò libera la sua posizione alla <a href="/wiki/Legio_I_Minervia" title="Legio I Minervia">legio I Minervia</a> (legione appena formata), che qui rimase almeno fino alla metà del <a href="/wiki/IV_secolo" title="IV secolo">IV secolo</a>, quando nel <a href="/wiki/353" title="353">353</a> fu distrutta dai Franchi. </p><p>A partire dall'<a href="/wiki/84" title="84">84</a>/<a href="/wiki/87" title="87">87</a> <i>Bonna</i> entrò a far parte della nuova <a href="/wiki/Provincia_romana" class="mw-redirect" title="Provincia romana">provincia</a> della <a href="/wiki/Germania_inferiore" title="Germania inferiore">Germania inferiore</a>, che comprendeva tra i suoi insediamenti principali anche <i><a href="/wiki/Castra_Vetera" title="Castra Vetera">Castra Vetera</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Xanten" title="Xanten">Xanten</a>), <i>Trajectum ad Rhenum</i> (<a href="/wiki/Utrecht" title="Utrecht">Utrecht</a>), e <i><a href="/wiki/Colonia_Agrippina" title="Colonia Agrippina">Colonia Agrippinensis</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Colonia_(Germania)" title="Colonia (Germania)">Colonia</a>, la capitale della provincia), arrivando a contare fino a ventisette tra forti e fortini ausiliari, le tre fortezze legionarie, al tempo di Vespasiano, lungo il <i><a href="/wiki/Limes_romano" class="mw-redirect" title="Limes romano">limes</a></i> che dalla foce del <a href="/wiki/Reno" title="Reno">Reno</a> conduceva al forte di <a href="/wiki/Remagen" title="Remagen">Remagen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Bonna</i> tornò a risultare determinante per la difesa del settore del <a href="/wiki/Limes_romano" class="mw-redirect" title="Limes romano"><i>limes</i> renano</a> a partire dal <a href="/wiki/III_secolo" title="III secolo">III secolo</a>, quando a lei toccò il compito, insieme alla legione posizionata a <a href="/wiki/Castra_Vetera" title="Castra Vetera">Castra Vetera</a>, di difendere i confini imperiali dalle <a href="/wiki/Invasioni_barbariche_del_III_secolo" title="Invasioni barbariche del III secolo">invasioni</a> prima degli <a href="/wiki/Alemanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a>, poi di <a href="/wiki/Franchi" title="Franchi">Franchi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Burgundi" title="Burgundi">Burgundi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Il_IV_e_V_secolo">Il IV e V secolo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Il IV e V secolo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Il IV e V secolo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988"> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Invasioni_barbariche_del_IV_secolo" title="Invasioni barbariche del IV secolo">Invasioni barbariche del IV secolo</a></b> e <b><a href="/wiki/Invasioni_barbariche_del_V_e_VI_secolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasioni barbariche del V e VI secolo">Invasioni barbariche del V e VI secolo</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>Nel <a href="/wiki/342" title="342">342</a> la federazione dei <a href="/wiki/Franchi" title="Franchi">Franchi</a> fu protagonista di un'incursione in territorio <a href="/wiki/Gallia" title="Gallia">gallico</a>, condotta a partire dalla loro area d'insediamento presso il <a href="/wiki/Reno" title="Reno">Reno</a>. Furono respinti da <a href="/wiki/Costanzo_Cloro" title="Costanzo Cloro">Costanzo Cloro</a>. Un decennio più tardi, nel <a href="/wiki/355" title="355">355</a>-<a href="/wiki/358" title="358">358</a> <a href="/wiki/Flavio_Claudio_Giuliano" title="Flavio Claudio Giuliano">Giuliano</a> trovò ancora le rotte del Reno sotto il controllo dei Franchi ed ancora una volta li pacificò. Roma garantì ai Franchi una fetta considerevole della <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Gallia Belgica</a>, anche se non sembra i territori circostanti al <i>castra</i> di <i>Bonna</i>, che al contrario fu ricostruito nel <a href="/wiki/359" title="359">359</a> dal <i><a href="/wiki/Cesare_(titolo)" title="Cesare (titolo)">cesare</a></i> Giuliano.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Da questo momento in poi i Franchi erano diventati <i><a href="/wiki/Socii_e_foederati" title="Socii e foederati">foederati</a></i> dell'Impero Romano. I Franchi divennero, quindi, il primo popolo germanico a stabilirsi permanentemente all'interno del territorio romano, incaricati di difendere la frontiera del Reno contro <a href="/wiki/Alani" title="Alani">Alani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Vandali" title="Vandali">Vandali</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ubiens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ubiens.jpg/220px-Ubiens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ubiens.jpg/330px-Ubiens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ubiens.jpg/440px-Ubiens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption>Il territorio ed il <a href="/wiki/Limes_romano" class="mw-redirect" title="Limes romano">limes romano</a> attorno alla città di <i>Bonna</i>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Cassio Dione, <i>Storia romana</i>, LIV, 36.3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribus.bonn.de/">Misure del castra di Bonna</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080430125241/http://tribus.bonn.de/">Archiviato</a> il 30 aprile 2008 in <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Ann%C3%A9e_%C3%A9pigraphique" title="L'Année épigraphique">AE</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_einzel_it.php?p_belegstelle=AE+1938,+00075&r_sortierung=Belegstelle">1938, 75</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum" title="Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum">CIL</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_einzel_it.php?p_belegstelle=CIL+13%2C+07999&r_sortierung=Belegstelle">XIII, 7999</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum" title="Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum">CIL</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_einzel_it.php?p_belegstelle=CIL+13%2C+08054&r_sortierung=Belegstelle">XIII, 8054</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum" title="Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum">CIL</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_einzel_it.php?p_belegstelle=CIL+13%2C+08056&r_sortierung=Belegstelle">XIII, 8056</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum" title="Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum">CIL</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_einzel_it.php?p_belegstelle=CIL+13%2C+08057&r_sortierung=Belegstelle">XIII, 8057</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum" title="Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum">CIL</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_einzel_it.php?p_belegstelle=CIL+13%2C+08059&r_sortierung=Belegstelle">XIII, 8059</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Inscriptionum_Latinarum" title="Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum">CIL</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_einzel_it.php?p_belegstelle=CIL+13%2C+08074&r_sortierung=Belegstelle">XIII, 8074</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Ann%C3%A9e_%C3%A9pigraphique" title="L'Année épigraphique">AE</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_einzel_it.php?p_belegstelle=AE+1893,+00032&r_sortierung=Belegstelle">1893, 32</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">C.M.Wells, <i>The German Policy of Augustus</i>, Journal of Roman studies 62, Londra 1972, p.136-137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">M.Carroll, <i>Romans, Celts & Germans: the german provinces of Rome</i>, p.41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Parker, <i>Roman Legions</i>, New York 1993, pp.109 e 150; <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Dessau" title="Hermann Dessau">Dessau</a> 2279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Maureen Carroll, <i>Romans, Celts & Germans: the german provinces of Rome</i>, Gloucestershire & Charleston 2001, p.38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Maureen Carroll, <i>Romans, Celts & Germans: the german provinces of Rome</i>, Gloucestershire & Charleston 2001, p.141.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica 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href="/wiki/Historiae_(Tacito)" title="Historiae (Tacito)">Historiae</a></i>, IV.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonti_secondarie">Fonti secondarie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Fonti secondarie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Fonti secondarie"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Maureen Carroll, <i>Romans, Celts & Germans: the german provinces of Rome</i>, Gloucestershire & Charleston 2001.</li> <li>Parker, <i>Roman Legions</i>, New York 1993.</li> <li>C.M.Wells, <i>The German Policy of Augustus</i>, in Journal of Roman studies 62, Londra 1972.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personaggi">Personaggi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Personaggi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Personaggi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augusto" title="Augusto">Augusto</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Occupazione_romana_della_Germania_sotto_Augusto" title="Occupazione romana della Germania sotto Augusto">occupazione romana della Germania sotto Augusto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberio" title="Tiberio">Tiberio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanico_Giulio_Cesare" title="Germanico Giulio Cesare">Germanico Giulio Cesare</a> e le sue <a href="/wiki/Spedizione_germanica_di_Germanico" title="Spedizione germanica di Germanico">campagne militari</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Località_geografiche"><span id="Localit.C3.A0_geografiche"></span>Località geografiche</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Località geografiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonna&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Località geografiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germania_inferiore" title="Germania inferiore">Germania inferiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lista_di_fortezze_legionarie_romane" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista di fortezze legionarie romane">Lista di fortezze legionarie romane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_romano" class="mw-redirect" title="Limes romano">Limes romano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_germanico-retico" title="Limes germanico-retico">Limes germanico-retico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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