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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Nakamichi_products_and_advances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Nakamichi_products_and_advances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notable Nakamichi products and advances</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_Nakamichi_products_and_advances-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable Nakamichi products and advances subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_Nakamichi_products_and_advances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Three-head_cassette_decks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Three-head_cassette_decks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Three-head cassette decks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Three-head_cassette_decks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flip-Auto_Reverse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flip-Auto_Reverse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Flip-Auto Reverse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flip-Auto_Reverse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tape_pressure_pad_lifter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tape_pressure_pad_lifter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Tape pressure pad lifter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tape_pressure_pad_lifter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Dragon_and_special_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Dragon_and_special_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>The Dragon and special products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Dragon_and_special_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stasis_Series_amplifiers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stasis_Series_amplifiers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Stasis Series amplifiers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stasis_Series_amplifiers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Car_stereo_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Car_stereo_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Car stereo products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Car_stereo_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nakamichi_Harmonic_Time_Alignment_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nakamichi_Harmonic_Time_Alignment_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Nakamichi Harmonic Time Alignment technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nakamichi_Harmonic_Time_Alignment_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_of_Nakamichi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_of_Nakamichi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Decline of Nakamichi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_of_Nakamichi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nakamichi_under_Grande_Holdings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nakamichi_under_Grande_Holdings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nakamichi under Grande Holdings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nakamichi_under_Grande_Holdings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niro_Nakamichi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niro_Nakamichi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Niro Nakamichi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niro_Nakamichi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nakamichi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Nakamichi" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nakamichi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%86%DB%8C" title="ناکامیچی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناکامیچی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%B9%B4%EB%AF%B8%EC%B9%98" title="나카미치 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나카미치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nakamichi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nakamichi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nakamichi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nakamichi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%AB%E3%83%9F%E3%83%81" title="ナカミチ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナカミチ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nakamichi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Nakamichi" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Nakamichi" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nakamichi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nakamichi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Nakamichi" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakamichi" title="Nakamichi – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Nakamichi" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Malaysia consumer electronics brand</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Nakamichi_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nakamichi (disambiguation)">Nakamichi (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid 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message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Nakamichi Corporation Limited</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Nakamichi_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Nakamichi_Logo.svg/220px-Nakamichi_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Nakamichi_Logo.svg/330px-Nakamichi_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Nakamichi_Logo.svg/440px-Nakamichi_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="211" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a> of <a href="/wiki/Grande_Holdings" title="Grande Holdings">Nimble Holdings</a><sup id="cite_ref-Nimble_Holdings_Annual_Report_2017/18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nimble_Holdings_Annual_Report_2017/18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">Electronics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (1948)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Takeshi Nakamichi (<a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">President</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hi-fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hi-fi">Hi-fi</a> equipment</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Holdings" title="Grande Holdings">Grande Holdings</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nakamichi.com/">www<wbr />.nakamichi<wbr />.com</a></span>, <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nakamichi-me.com">www<wbr />.nakamichi-me<wbr />.com</a></span>, <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nakamichi-usa.com/">www<wbr />.nakamichi-usa<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nakamichi Corp., Ltd.</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">株式会社ナカミチ</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Kabushiki-Gaisha Nakamichi</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span> is a Japanese <a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">consumer electronics</a> brand founded in Japan which gained a name from the 1970s onwards for audio <a href="/wiki/Cassette_deck" title="Cassette deck">cassette decks</a>. <b>Nakamichi</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">subsidiary</a> of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a> <a href="/wiki/Grande_Holdings" title="Grande Holdings">Nimble Holdings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nimble_Holdings_Annual_Report_2017/18_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nimble_Holdings_Annual_Report_2017/18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nakamichi manufactured electronic devices from its founding in 1948 but only began selling them under its name from 1972. It is credited with offering the world's first three-head cassette deck.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1999, its product range has included <a href="/wiki/Home_cinema" title="Home cinema">home cinema</a> audio systems, sound bars, speakers, headphones, mini hi-fi systems, automotive stereo products and video <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> products. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakamichi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Etsuro_Nakamichi" title="Etsuro Nakamichi">Etsuro Nakamichi</a> founded Nakamichi in 1948 as Nakamichi Research Corporation Ltd (中道研究所株式会社 <i>Nakamichi Kenkyujo Kabushiki Kaisha</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, Japan. It specialises in manufacturing portable radios, <a href="/wiki/Tonearm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonearm">tonearms</a>, speakers, and communications equipment. It was later headed by the founder's younger brother Niro Nakamichi. The company was originally established as a research and development firm in electronics and optics but later became known as a manufacturer of quality audio products. While its cassette decks were particularly well known, the company is also credited with audio innovations, such as self-centring <a href="/wiki/Record_player" class="mw-redirect" title="Record player">record players</a>, high-end <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital audio tape">DAT</a> recorders, and ultra-compact slot-loading CD changers. </p><p>In the 1950s, Nakamichi developed one of the first <a href="/wiki/Open_reel" class="mw-redirect" title="Open reel">open reel</a> <a href="/wiki/Tape_recorder" title="Tape recorder">tape recorders</a> in Japan under the <b>Magic Tone</b> brand. In 1957, it developed and made its own magnetic tape heads, as well as launching the Fidela 3-head Open Reel Stereo Tape Deck. </p><p>Because of its experience in manufacturing magnetic tape heads and equipment, in 1967 the company started making tape decks for a number of foreign manufacturers including <a href="/wiki/Harman_Kardon" title="Harman Kardon">Harman Kardon</a>, <a href="/wiki/KLH_(company)" title="KLH (company)">KLH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kloss#Advent_Corporation" title="Henry Kloss">Advent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisher_Electronics" title="Fisher Electronics">Fisher</a>, ELAC, <a href="/wiki/Sylvania_Electric_Products" title="Sylvania Electric Products">Sylvania</a>, Concord, <a href="/wiki/Ampex" title="Ampex">Ampex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a>. </p><p>From 1973, Nakamichi started to sell high-quality stereo <a href="/wiki/Cassette_deck" title="Cassette deck">cassette decks</a> that benefited from the mass market's move away from <a href="/wiki/Reel-to-reel" class="mw-redirect" title="Reel-to-reel">reel-to-reel</a> <a href="/wiki/Tape_recorder" title="Tape recorder">tape recorders</a> to the cassette format. The Nakamichi 1000 and 700, made in the mid-1970s, had three heads, a dual capstan drive that reduced <a href="/wiki/Wow_(recording)" title="Wow (recording)">wow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flutter_(electronics_and_communication)" title="Flutter (electronics and communication)">flutter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dolby_noise_reduction_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby noise reduction system">Dolby-B noise reduction</a> to improve the <a href="/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio" title="Signal-to-noise ratio">signal-to-noise ratio</a>. The dual capstan drive ensured superior head-to-tape contact, essentially eliminating reliance on the problematic spring pressure pads built into cassette housings. (Later models were fitted with pressure pad lifters that further improved tape travel stability and reduced head wear.) High-end features of these models included adjustable <a href="/wiki/Record_head" class="mw-redirect" title="Record head">record head</a> <a href="/wiki/Azimuth" title="Azimuth">azimuth</a> and Dolby calibration. The relatively high retail price of the 1000 and 700 prompted Nakamichi to offer lower-priced two-head models, such as the Nakamichi 500 and the wedge-shaped 600. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nakamichi_550_portable_cassette_deck_(1974),_front_top_view,_low_resolution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Nakamichi_550_portable_cassette_deck_%281974%29%2C_front_top_view%2C_low_resolution.jpg/200px-Nakamichi_550_portable_cassette_deck_%281974%29%2C_front_top_view%2C_low_resolution.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Nakamichi_550_portable_cassette_deck_%281974%29%2C_front_top_view%2C_low_resolution.jpg/300px-Nakamichi_550_portable_cassette_deck_%281974%29%2C_front_top_view%2C_low_resolution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Nakamichi_550_portable_cassette_deck_%281974%29%2C_front_top_view%2C_low_resolution.jpg/400px-Nakamichi_550_portable_cassette_deck_%281974%29%2C_front_top_view%2C_low_resolution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>A Nakamichi 550. Portable, though the size and weight of an early VCR.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Nakamichi 550 was a portable cassette recorder that had three <a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">microphone</a> inputs: one for left channel, one for right channel, and one for a center blend channel. This recorder could run from batteries or AC and was used to make high quality recordings in the field. </p><p>In the late 1970s, Nakamichi updated and broadened its model range, with revised products including the Nakamichi 1000-II, the 700-II, and the lower-end 600-II. Nakamichi branched out into other audio components such as pre-amplifiers, power-amplifiers, tuners, receivers and later speakers. </p><p>In the early 1980s, Nakamichi's top-of-the-line cassette deck was the 1000ZXL, retailing at US$3,800, its price only exceeded by the 1000ZXL Limited at US$6,000. The updated 700ZXL sold for US$3,000, but Nakamichi also offered lower-end cassette decks under US$300. This time marked a peak in the market for cassette recorders, before it lost ground to <a href="/wiki/Digital_recording" title="Digital recording">digital recording</a> media such as CD. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Nakamichi_products_and_advances">Notable Nakamichi products and advances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakamichi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notable Nakamichi products and advances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Three-head_cassette_decks">Three-head cassette decks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakamichi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Three-head cassette decks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nakamichi was the first to use a three-head recording technique in a <a href="/wiki/Cassette_deck" title="Cassette deck">cassette deck</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Separate tape heads were used for playback, recording, and erase. Previously the playback and recording functions were combined in a single tape head. The three-head mechanism allowed higher quality reproduction as well as the ability to hear a recording in progress - as the tape traveled past the recording head onto the playback head. </p><p>The first Nakamichi three-head decks were the 1000 and 700 introduced around 1973. The 1000 and 700 series decks had tape bias settings for normal bias (IEC TYPE I) and <a href="/wiki/Tape_bias" title="Tape bias">high bias</a> (IEC TYPE II). Competitor cassette decks offered Ferri Chrome (IEC TYPE III) whereas Nakamichi chose not to do so. The settings for the normal and high bias were labeled as EX and SX respectively. Nakamichi also sold its own brand of blank cassette tapes. </p><p>Around 1978, when metal bias (IEC TYPE IV) cassettes came into the market, Nakamichi produced some early metal tape capable decks such as the 580M.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tape settings on these decks were EX (normal bias), SX (high bias), and ZX (metal bias). </p><p>Around 1980, Nakamichi introduced the third generation of 1000 and 700 three-head decks. The 1000ZXL and 700ZXL had full metal capability as well as normal and high bias abilities and had built-in computers for calibrating the decks to a specific tape. These built-in computers were known as A.B.L.E. for Azimuth, Bias, Level, and Equalization. The user would use this function (activated by an "Auto Cal" button) to optimize the deck to a specific brand of tape to get best recording results from every cassette.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence the 1000ZXL and 700ZXL were known as computing cassette decks. Also offered was a third less costly deck the 700ZXE auto tuning cassette deck. </p><p>A more expensive 1000ZXL Limited was also offered, with the same specifications as the 1000ZXL but with a gold plated face. Other high performance Nakamichi cassette decks are the CR-1 (2 head), CR-2 (2 head), CR-3 (3 head), CR-4 (3 head), CR-5 (3 head), LX-3 (2 head), LX-5 (3 head), Cassette Deck 1 and the Cassette Deck 1 Limited. Like the 1000ZXL Limited, the Cassette Deck 1 Limited is more expensive than the regular Cassette Deck 1. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flip-Auto_Reverse">Flip-Auto Reverse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakamichi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Flip-Auto Reverse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nakamichi_RX-505_autoreverse_cassette_deck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nakamichi_RX-505_autoreverse_cassette_deck.jpg/200px-Nakamichi_RX-505_autoreverse_cassette_deck.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nakamichi_RX-505_autoreverse_cassette_deck.jpg/300px-Nakamichi_RX-505_autoreverse_cassette_deck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Nakamichi_RX-505_autoreverse_cassette_deck.jpg/400px-Nakamichi_RX-505_autoreverse_cassette_deck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Nakamichi RX-505 audio cassette deck with UDAR.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nakamichi_RX_505_Top_Open1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nakamichi_RX_505_Top_Open1.jpg/200px-Nakamichi_RX_505_Top_Open1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nakamichi_RX_505_Top_Open1.jpg/300px-Nakamichi_RX_505_Top_Open1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Nakamichi_RX_505_Top_Open1.jpg/400px-Nakamichi_RX_505_Top_Open1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Top view of UDAR mechanism.</figcaption></figure> <p>Called "UDAR" for UniDirectional Auto Reverse. Used on the Nakamichi RX series of decks. With the advent of auto-reverse (playing the tape in both directions), Nakamichi had long recognized that the angle of the tape passing over the playback head was not the same if the tape head was rotated in the opposite direction and its first approach was to track the azimuth on the tape itself by moving the head slightly—a very complex affair which led to the design of the Dragon with its NAAC. Nakamichi subsequently abandoned this approach and set its engineers in search of a more elegant solution. Nakamichi soon developed its UDAR mechanism, which mimicked the way people had manually turned over their tapes in the past: a mechanical system that would eject the tape, spin it around and reload it into the deck. It was available on all Nakamichi RX series of tape decks, i.e., the RX-202, RX-303 and RX-505. The 'top of the range' RX-505 was made after the Dragon. Its operation was elegantly simple, easy to set up, easy to calibrate, and easy to use, with only one rewind and forward operation in a unique unidirectional auto-reverse deck. It also had an updated and simpler drive system that was more direct loading, had updated and quieter electronics, and its revised capstan is essentially what Nakamichi used for its 1988 Nakamichi 1000 DAT recorder. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tape_pressure_pad_lifter">Tape pressure pad lifter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakamichi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tape pressure pad lifter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Compact_audio_cassette" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact audio cassette">cassette tape</a> contains a "pressure pad" of some type, usually made of felt (<a href="/wiki/File:Cassetteinternals.jpg" title="File:Cassetteinternals.jpg">reference image</a>). This pad is within the cassette tape shell (located just behind the tape opening) and opposes the magnetic head of the <a href="/wiki/Cassette_deck" title="Cassette deck">cassette deck</a>, providing pressure against the head(s) when the tape is being played. Nakamichi found that this pad provided uneven and fairly inaccurate pressure and was therefore inadequate for reliable tape/head contact. Furthermore, Nakamichi found that the pressure pad was a source of audible noise, particularly scrape flutter (the tape bouncing across the head, a result of uneven pressure), and also contributed to premature head wear. Nakamichi's dual-capstan tape decks provide such accurate and precise tape tension that, unlike other decks, the cassette's pressure pad is not needed at all. To remedy this problem, the vast majority of Nakamichi dual-capstan decks contain a "cage" around the record/playback heads that lifts the pressure pad out of the way so that the deck itself—specifically, the dual capstan mechanism—is able to maintain much more consistent tape tension and tape/head contact during playback. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Dragon_and_special_products">The Dragon and special products</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakamichi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Dragon and special products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nakamichi_Dragon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Nakamichi_Dragon.jpg/220px-Nakamichi_Dragon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Nakamichi_Dragon.jpg/330px-Nakamichi_Dragon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Nakamichi_Dragon.jpg/440px-Nakamichi_Dragon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1601" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption>Nakamichi Dragon</figcaption></figure> <p>In the CD era (post 1983), the top line Nakamichi products were termed the "Dragon." The Dragon-CT turntable ("Computing Turntable") automatically adjusted for off-center holes in records by moving the platter in two dimensions. The Dragon CD playing system has special mechanical damping to prevent vibrations of the CD, and holds multiple CDs. The <a href="/wiki/Nakamichi_Dragon" title="Nakamichi Dragon">Dragon cassette deck</a> used a special circuit for azimuth adjustment called "Nakamichi Automatic Azimuth Correction" (NAAC) to find the best sound for each recorded cassette tape, however because it was both expensive to manufacture and more complex as well as difficult to both service and maintain, Nakamichi sought to produce a new deck with the same excellent accuracy of azimuth but without the associated costs and difficulties of servicing. The solution (thought by some to be a gimmick) was to automate the manual turnover of tape; in other words eject the tape and flip it around to maintain proper tape head alignment. Nakamichi did this with its RX series. The RX-505 is not a compromise as many assumed but the very best method of maintaining azimuth without using the costly, complex and somewhat fragile NAAC system even though the <a href="/wiki/Akai" title="Akai">Akai</a> GXC-65D was the first cassette deck to actually use this method where the cassette would flip over instead of the head being rotated but was done in a top-loading fashion as this were cassette decks from the early-mid 1970s. </p><p>Other products from Nakamichi did not acquire the "Dragon" name but were still notable. These include the Nakamichi 1000 series products with the 1000ZXL cassette deck being more advanced and expensive than the Dragon cassette deck. The Nakamichi 1000 digital audio tape transport and Nakamichi 1000p digital to audio converter system were Nakamichi's reference <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital audio tape">digital audio tape</a> components. These components were intended to establish Nakamichi's dominance in the field of digital audio tape (DAT), but DAT was not widely adopted by <a href="/wiki/Audiophiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Audiophiles">audiophiles</a>, as the format itself did not gain acceptance as an <a href="/wiki/Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">industry standard</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stasis_Series_amplifiers">Stasis Series amplifiers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakamichi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Stasis Series amplifiers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nakamichi licensed "Stasis" technology from powerhouse amplifier manufacturer Threshold (a <a href="/wiki/Class-A_amplifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Class-A amplifier">class-A amplifier</a> circuit by Nelson Pass, then a designer at Threshold, now at <a href="/wiki/Pass_Labs" title="Pass Labs">Pass Labs</a>). This circuit was used in a line of expensive Nakamichi PA series of power-amplifiers, such as the PA-5 and PA-7, as well as its SR and TA series of receivers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Car_stereo_products">Car stereo products</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakamichi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Car stereo products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 1980s, Nakamichi introduced a line of <a href="/wiki/Car_stereo" class="mw-redirect" title="Car stereo">car stereo</a> products. In 1982, the flagship head unit was the TD-1200 cassette receiver which incorporated a drawer-mounted, top-loading cassette mechanism with NAAC (like the Dragon), Dolby B and Dolby C. </p><p>The TD-800 was introduced in 1984, a nearly identical cassette receiver, however, implementing a much simpler transport without manual tape reverse and known for extreme reliability, a highly sought after vintage car audio piece. </p><p>Other early products included the TD-500 and TD-700 cassette receivers with manual azimuth adjustment (similar to the Cassette Deck 1, Cassette Deck 1 Limited, DR-1 and the CR-7). Several generations of power amplifier and speakers were introduced over time. </p><p>In the early 1990s, Nakamichi was one of the first companies to produce automotive CD changers that loaded multiple discs via a single slot rather than a CD cartridge. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> would choose Nakamichi along with <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation" title="Pioneer Corporation">Pioneer</a> to manufacture the audio systems for its range of <a href="/wiki/Lexus" title="Lexus">Lexus</a> automobiles. The Nakamichi unit was the flagship audio system offered to Lexus buyers, and this partnership lasted from 1989 to 2001. </p><p>Another follow-on flagship head unit was the TP-1200, which consisted of a headunit and a separate 'black box' pre-amp section. The casing for both units was made from machined aluminium, and the internal circuitry for both units was suspended using a mechanical suspension system. The headunit contained a diversity tuner and display unit only. The pre-amp section performed input switching, volume and tone adjustment. The tone controls (bass-mid-treble) were motor driven analog controls while the volume, balance and fader were digital. </p><p>Other products of note were the 100pa amplifier and the limited edition version the 1000pa. Both were identical in specifications (4x50wrms) and internal layout, the only difference being the case color. The 100pa was silver and the 1000pa black. The mobile TD-560 was a versatile pull-out-of-dash and remote controlled cassette and FM tuner head unit, that performed at the level of excellence matched only by very best Nakamichi mobile decks of the late 1980s era. Revolutionary was Nakamichi's mobile PA-350 four channel power amplifier, with extraordinary discrete amplifiers and exemplary performance specifications. </p><p>In 1989 Nakamichi, along with Pioneer, teamed with Toyota Corp. to produce a premium sound system in its Lexus line of automobiles. In 1990, Nakamichi introduced the music bank in its CD players which was based on a single loading tray concept with a total capacity of 7 CDs. This differed from the rest of the industry which typically offered a self-loading magazine or a carousel. Nakamichi further enhanced the music bank system in its 1992 offering (MB line) touting the quickest changer in the market. However, the quick changer concept experienced frequent jamming in its machines and as a result, required the company to redesign the mechanism in 1994 with a slight delay during the loading process. While this was corrected, Nakamichi's footing in the digital age was not concrete. In fact, its presence in the rapidly growing audio/video arena was modest at best<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> with its Sansui sourced <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AV-1 and AV-2 receivers (introduced in 1991). Further impacting its audio reputation was the ending of the licensing agreement with Nelson Pass for the use of the Stasis technology. Without it, its line of preamplifiers and power amplifiers were compromised; its technological advantage, more important in the high end audio market, was lost. Nakamichi attempted to counter the loss with its receivers touting Harmonic Time Alignment (HTA).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nakamichi_Harmonic_Time_Alignment_technology">Nakamichi Harmonic Time Alignment technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakamichi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nakamichi Harmonic Time Alignment technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Split plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/50px-Split-arrows.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/75px-Split-arrows.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Split-arrows.svg/100px-Split-arrows.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that this article should be <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">split</a></b> into a new article titled <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonic_Time_Alignment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harmonic Time Alignment (page does not exist)">Harmonic Time Alignment</a></i>. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Nakamichi" title="Talk:Nakamichi">discuss</a>) <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2019</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The time alignment of an amplified music signal and its distortion components has a profound effect on perceived sound quality. Nakamichi researchers discovered that the human ear is much more tolerant of harmonic distortion if the distortion components are time-aligned with respect to the primary signal. Nakamichi Harmonic Time Alignment (HTA) amplifiers adopt a wideband, low open-loop gain design. A minimal amount of negative feedback is used, but, more important, it is kept constant over the entire audio spectrum. This assures the proper timing between the primary signal and any amplifier distortion components. The sonic benefits of this design include powerful, high-resolution bass, a natural, richly detailed midrange, and smooth, clear highs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In layman's term, HTA masked distortion through the primary signal. While effective, total harmonic distortion for this technology was higher than Nakamichi's receivers utilizing Stasis technology. Whether sound quality improved or dissipated with this technology is left to the listener's ears.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decline_of_Nakamichi">Decline of Nakamichi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakamichi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Decline of Nakamichi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nakamichi's reputation for being the pioneer of audio cassettes no longer carried weight in the era of CDs. The lack of innovative digital technology meant Nakamichi was unable to successfully brand itself in the digital age. Further adding to its demise was a shrinking distribution channel as high-end audio boutiques were forced to close as they could not compete in a rapidly changing environment where shoppers gravitated towards electronic superstores. Ultimately, electronic consumers, who once were able to apply a significant portion of their outlay on audio-only components, needed to allocate more of their budget towards acquiring new video gear such as <a href="/wiki/LaserDisc" title="LaserDisc">laser disc players</a>, flat panel displays, DVD players, etc. In addition, a recession in the early 1990s caused many consumers to settle for mainstream electronics brands.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Toyota also stopped using Nakamichi systems in Lexus vehicles at this time, instead choosing <a href="/wiki/Mark_Levinson_Audio_Systems" title="Mark Levinson Audio Systems">Mark Levinson</a> when Toyota made a deal with <a href="/wiki/Harman_International" title="Harman International">Harman International</a> to provide premium audio systems in its vehicles in 2000. Bob Carter, General Manager for Lexus, also cited a lack of "resonance" with intended consumers as reasons for the switch.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>By the end of 1990s, Nakamichi failed to transition properly. In 1998, it was acquired by Grande Holdings, a Chinese company based in Hong Kong. Grande Holdings included electronics companies <a href="/wiki/Akai" title="Akai">Akai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sansui_Electric" title="Sansui Electric">Sansui</a>. Niro Nakamichi left in 1998 to set up Mechanical Research Corporation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nakamichi_under_Grande_Holdings">Nakamichi under Grande Holdings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakamichi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nakamichi under Grande Holdings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The company went into <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a> protection on February 19, 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Nakamichi's defense, many high end audio manufacturers were also forced to merge or sell to larger holding companies during this time period partially influenced by the collapse of the Japanese "<a href="/wiki/Japanese_asset_price_bubble" title="Japanese asset price bubble">bubble economy</a>"; such well known companies include McIntosh and Mark Levinson.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The company emerged from bankruptcy and repositioned itself as a manufacturer of high-end "lifestyle systems" in the same manner as <a href="/wiki/Bang_%26_Olufsen" title="Bang & Olufsen">Bang & Olufsen</a>. They also manufacture <a href="/wiki/CD_changer" class="mw-redirect" title="CD changer">CD changers</a> for hi-fi, computer, and car audio units. </p><p>In June 2006, Nakamichi released its first portable <a href="/wiki/DVD_player" title="DVD player">DVD player</a> with built-in <a href="/wiki/LCD" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD">LCD</a> screen, the Lumos.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nakamichi_kimono_LED_hi-res_image.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Nakamichi_kimono_LED_hi-res_image.pdf/page1-220px-Nakamichi_kimono_LED_hi-res_image.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Nakamichi_kimono_LED_hi-res_image.pdf/page1-330px-Nakamichi_kimono_LED_hi-res_image.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Nakamichi_kimono_LED_hi-res_image.pdf/page1-440px-Nakamichi_kimono_LED_hi-res_image.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="1275" /></a><figcaption>Nakamichi Kimono 3D LED TV with slim full brushed aluminium body</figcaption></figure><p> From 2011, Nakamichi offered a complete line of mass market audio products, including earbuds, headphones, speakers, wireless speakers and sound bars. Also to target a younger demographic, they manufactured iPod docking systems and 3D LED TVs. </p><p>In 2014, Nakamichi moved back to its high-end roots and presented a 7.1 Pre-/main Amplifier combination AV1/AVP1.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, its focus shifted to soundbars by introducing its Shockwafe soundbar series. The first model, the Shockwafe Pro 7.1 soundbar, was the first soundbar to have 7 discrete surround channels. </p><p>In 2018, Nakamichi added 4 more models into its Shockwafe lineup, incorporating dual subwoofers, quad modular surround speaker technology and DTS:X compatibility. The flagship Shockwafe Ultra 9.2 DTS:X, Shockwafe Elite 7.2 DTS:X and Shockwafe Plus 5.2 were the industry's first soundbars designed with two subwoofers, while the Shockwafe Pro 7.1 DTS:X featured a single down-firing subwoofer. The Shockwafe Ultra 9.2 DTS:X pioneered Nakamichi's quad modular surround speaker technology, of which its four surround speakers could be attached as pairs to become two sets of dipole surround speakers, enabling the sound to reverberate off walls to create the same true surround sound environment as when the four surround speakers were placed individually. During the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Show" title="Consumer Electronics Show">Consumer Electronics Show</a> held in Las Vegas, a series of blind listening battles were conducted for the public, including 2 exclusive sessions for members of the San Francisco Audiophile Society and private sessions to the media.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Out of 204 people who participated, 81% voted Nakamichi Shockwafe Ultra 9.2 DTS:X Soundbar for best overall performance and 99% voted it for best overall value.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 2019, Nakamichi released 3 new Shockwafe soundbar models, the Shockwafe Ultra 9.2.4 SSE, Shockwafe Elite 7.2.4 SSE and Shockwafe Pro 7.1.4 SSE. Besides retaining the features of the 2018 models, all of the 2019 versions are integrated with Dolby Atmos, Dolby Vision and proprietary Spatial Surround Elevation (SSE) processing technology. SSE consists of 3 processing engines - Spatial, Surround and Elevation engines - that combine to enhance the overall surround sound performance. The Spatial engine amplifies high frequencies from the input audio signal and engages the high-frequency tweeters on the soundbar and rear/surround speakers to enlarge the spaciousness of the sound. The Surround engine utilizes upmixing, volume and phase improvements to the input audio signal to optimize the clarity and balance of the surround sound. The Elevation engine stables the processing of 3D object-based content including Dolby Atmos and DTS:X and interlaces a height effects sound layer into each of the 12-16 speaker drivers (12 for 7.1.4/7.2.4 SSE and 16 for 9.2.4 SSE) located around the user. </p><p>Nakamichi's Shockwafe Ultra 9.2 SSE Soundbar System was named a <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Show" title="Consumer Electronics Show">CES</a> 2019 Innovation Awards Honoree.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In addition, it won a blind listening contest against the market's flagship Dolby Atmos soundbars that was voted by the public and hosted by Brian Tong, an ex-CNET tech editor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Niro_Nakamichi">Niro Nakamichi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakamichi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Niro Nakamichi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2001, Niro Nakamichi, designer of many of the historic tape decks, started a new company, Mechanical Research Corporation, which introduced ultra high end audio amplifiers, preamplifiers, and an integrated amplifier, called "engines." The products featured innovative designs and addressed issues of mechanical isolation, as well as presenting a unique appearance. Soon thereafter, however, the "engine" products were no longer promoted and a line of home theater products was introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakamichi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakamichi_High_Com_II_Noise_Reduction_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Nakamichi High Com II Noise Reduction System">Nakamichi High Com II Noise Reduction System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_phonograph_manufacturers" title="List of phonograph manufacturers">List of phonograph manufacturers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakamichi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Nimble_Holdings_Annual_Report_2017/18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nimble_Holdings_Annual_Report_2017/18_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nimble_Holdings_Annual_Report_2017/18_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quote.morningstar.com/stock-filing/Annual-Report/2018/3/31/t.aspx?t=XHKG:00186&ft=&d=6392b2e3fae4a5b55d0f42144d994e6c">"Nimble Holdings Annual Report 2017/18"</a>. Nimble Holdings<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nimble+Holdings+Annual+Report+2017%2F18&rft.pub=Nimble+Holdings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquote.morningstar.com%2Fstock-filing%2FAnnual-Report%2F2018%2F3%2F31%2Ft.aspx%3Ft%3DXHKG%3A00186%26ft%3D%26d%3D6392b2e3fae4a5b55d0f42144d994e6c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakamichi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuttenberg" class="citation web cs1">Guttenberg, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hometheater.com/content/nakamichi-dragon-cassette-deck">"Nakamichi Dragon Cassette Deck"</a>. <i>Home Theater magazine</i>. Source Interlink Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Home+Theater+magazine&rft.atitle=Nakamichi+Dragon+Cassette+Deck&rft.aulast=Guttenberg&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hometheater.com%2Fcontent%2Fnakamichi-dragon-cassette-deck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakamichi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vintagecassette.com/Nakamichi/580M">"Nakamichi 580M"</a>. <i>VintageCassette.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VintageCassette.com&rft.atitle=Nakamichi+580M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vintagecassette.com%2FNakamichi%2F580M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakamichi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hifiengine.com/manuals/nakamichi/1000zxl.shtml">"Nakamichi 1000ZXL Computing Cassette Deck Owner's Manual"</a>. p. 9<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nakamichi+1000ZXL+Computing+Cassette+Deck+Owner%27s+Manual&rft.pages=9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hifiengine.com%2Fmanuals%2Fnakamichi%2F1000zxl.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakamichi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">employed at Nakamichi in 1990-1991</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://av.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/20020220/nakami.htm">"Nakamichi, apply for Civil Rehabilitation Law - debt 20 billion yen, shipping and maintenance carried out as before"</a>. <i>AV Watch</i> (in Japanese). Impress Corp. 2002-02-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AV+Watch&rft.atitle=Nakamichi%2C+apply+for+Civil+Rehabilitation+Law+-+debt+20+billion+yen%2C+shipping+and+maintenance+carried+out+as+before&rft.date=2002-02-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fav.watch.impress.co.jp%2Fdocs%2F20020220%2Fnakami.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakamichi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nakamichi.com/pfv/DVD/lumos.htm">"Nakamichi Lumos Portable DVD Player"</a>. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nakamichi+Lumos+Portable+DVD+Player&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nakamichi.com%2Fpfv%2FDVD%2Flumos.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakamichi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhat_Hi-Fi?2014" class="citation web cs1">What Hi-Fi? (2014-05-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whathifi.com/nakamichi/av1avp1/review">"Home review"</a>. <i>whathifi</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whathifi&rft.atitle=Home+review&rft.date=2014-05-15&rft.au=What+Hi-Fi%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whathifi.com%2Fnakamichi%2Fav1avp1%2Freview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANakamichi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.niro1.com/en/">http://www.niro1.com/en/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakamichi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nakamichi.com/">Nakamichi</a> Nakamichi web site.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nakamichi-usa.com">Nakamichi-USA</a> Nakamichi-USA web site.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naks.com/">Naks.com</a> The Unofficial Nakamichi cassette deck resource.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angelfire.com/wi/blueswapper/bluesnak99.html">BleusNak CyberSpot</a> Nakamichi cassette deck reference information, photographs, adverts, etc.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070223194234/http://www.enfoundation.com/charter.asp">The Nakamichi foundation</a> established by the will of its founder, Etsuro Nakamichi, dedicated to the promotion and encouragement of baroque and other forms of classical music.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niro1.com/">Niro Corporation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070510073717/http://www.niro1.com/">Archived</a> 2007-05-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Niro Nakamichi's current web site, HT products.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vintagecassette.com/nakamichi">Vintage Cassette Decks</a> Collection of Nakamichi Vintage Cassette decks and other brands.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://naks.es/">NAKS.ES : Luis Peromarta's Nakamichi Site</a> Pictures and restoration projects of Nakamichi Cassette Decks, much 1000ZXL information.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180114205327/http://www.hifi-studio.de/hifi-klassiker/nakamichi_hifi.htm">Nakamichi history and classics</a> (German)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atommarkt.com/category/1/hifi-components">Nakamichie Audio HIFI Auction</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atomakustik.com/">Nakamichie Dragon Sale</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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title="Template talk:Electronics industry in Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electronics industry in Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electronics_industry_in_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry_in_Japan" title="Electronics industry in Japan">Electronics industry in Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiwa" title="Aiwa">Aiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaxala_Networks" title="Alaxala Networks">Alaxala Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alinco" title="Alinco">Alinco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alps_Electric" title="Alps Electric">Alps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Electronics" title="Alpine Electronics">Alpine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anritsu" title="Anritsu">Anritsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AOR_(company)" title="AOR (company)">AOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio-Technica" title="Audio-Technica">Audio-Technica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandai_Namco_Holdings" title="Bandai Namco Holdings">Bandai Namco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Industries" title="Brother Industries">Brother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_Inc." title="Canon Inc.">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio" title="Casio">Casio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CatEye" title="CatEye">CatEye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Watch" title="Citizen Watch">Citizen Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosina" title="Cosina">Cosina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%2BM_Group" title="D+M Group">D+M Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denon" title="Denon">Denon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marantz" title="Marantz">Marantz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daikin" title="Daikin">Daikin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denso" title="Denso">Denso</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denso_Ten" title="Denso Ten">Denso Ten</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Nippon_Printing" title="Dai Nippon Printing">DNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiki" title="Eiki">Eiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eizo" title="Eizo">Eizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elecom" title="Elecom">Elecom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESP_Guitars" title="ESP Guitars">ESP Guitars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FANUC" title="FANUC">FANUC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fostex" title="Fostex">Fostex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Electric" title="Fuji Electric">Fuji Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujifilm" title="Fujifilm">Fujifilm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujifilm_Business_Innovation" title="Fujifilm Business Innovation">Business Innovation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funai" title="Funai">Funai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furuno" title="Furuno">Furuno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futaba_Corporation" title="Futaba Corporation">Futaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamamatsu_Photonics" title="Hamamatsu Photonics">Hamamatsu Photonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirose_Electric_Group" title="Hirose Electric Group">Hirose Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarion_(company)" title="Clarion (company)">Clarion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxell" title="Maxell">Maxell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoya_Corporation" title="Hoya Corporation">Hoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibanez" title="Ibanez">Ibanez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibiden" title="Ibiden">Ibiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icom_Incorporated" title="Icom Incorporated">Icom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikegami_Tsushinki" title="Ikegami Tsushinki">Ikegami Tsushinki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwatsu_Electric" title="Iwatsu Electric">Iwatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Display" title="Japan Display">Japan Display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEOL" title="JEOL">JEOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Radio_Company" title="Japan Radio Company">JRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Remote_Control" title="Japan Remote Control">JR Propo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JVCKenwood" title="JVCKenwood">JVCKenwood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JVC" title="JVC">JVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenwood_Corporation" title="Kenwood Corporation">Kenwood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawai_Musical_Instruments" title="Kawai Musical Instruments">Kawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyence" title="Keyence">Keyence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kioxia" title="Kioxia">Kioxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiramek" title="Kiramek">Kiramek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konica_Minolta" title="Konica Minolta">Konica Minolta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KO_PROPO" title="KO PROPO">KO PROPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korg" title="Korg">Korg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyocera" title="Kyocera">Kyocera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxman" title="Luxman">Luxman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabuchi_Motor" title="Mabuchi Motor">Mabuchi Motor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamiya" title="Mamiya">Mamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maspro_Denkoh" title="Maspro Denkoh">Maspro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melco" title="Melco">Melco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Memory_Japan" title="Micron Memory Japan">Micron Memory Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MinebeaMitsumi" title="MinebeaMitsumi">MinebeaMitsumi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitsumi_Electric" title="Mitsumi Electric">Mitsumi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Mitsubishi Electric">Mitsubishi Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murata_Manufacturing" title="Murata Manufacturing">Murata Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutoh_Europe_nv" title="Mutoh Europe nv">Mutoh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nakamichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEC_Mobile_Communications" title="NEC Mobile Communications">Mobile Communications</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichia" title="Nichia">Nichia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichicon" title="Nichicon">Nichicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidec" title="Nidec">Nidec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nidec_Copal_Corporation" title="Nidec Copal Corporation">Nidec Copal Corporation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Dempa_Kogyo" title="Nihon Dempa Kogyo">Nihon Dempa Kogyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikon" title="Nikon">Nikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Chemi-Con" title="Nippon Chemi-Con">Nippon Chemi-Con</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitto_Denko" title="Nitto Denko">Nitto Denko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NKK_switches" title="NKK switches">NKK Switches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oki_Electric_Industry" title="Oki Electric Industry">Oki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympus_Corporation" title="Olympus Corporation">Olympus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omron" title="Omron">Omron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onkyo" title="Onkyo">Onkyo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Integra_Home_Theater" title="Integra Home Theater">Integra Home Theater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Electric" title="Orion Electric">Orion Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technics_(brand)" title="Technics (brand)">Technics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Corporation" title="Pioneer Corporation">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixela_Corporation" title="Pixela Corporation">Pixela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plextor" title="Plextor">Plextor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renesas_Electronics" title="Renesas Electronics">Renesas Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricoh" title="Ricoh">Ricoh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentax" title="Pentax">Pentax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riso_Kagaku_Corporation" title="Riso Kagaku Corporation">Riso Kagaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohm" title="Rohm">Rohm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Corporation" title="Roland Corporation">Roland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubycon_Corporation" title="Rubycon Corporation">Rubycon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansui_Electric" title="Sansui Electric">Sansui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanwa_Electronic" title="Sanwa Electronic">Sanwa Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCREEN_Holdings" title="SCREEN Holdings">SCREEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Sammy_Holdings" title="Sega Sammy Holdings">Sega Sammy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiko_Group" title="Seiko Group">Seiko Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar_(watch)" title="Pulsar (watch)">Pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiko" title="Seiko">Seiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epson" title="Epson">Epson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orient_Watch" title="Orient Watch">Orient Watch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiko_Instruments" title="Seiko Instruments">Seiko Instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimadzu" title="Shimadzu">Shimadzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shindengen_Electric_Manufacturing" title="Shindengen Electric Manufacturing">Shindengen Electric Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Corporation" title="Sigma Corporation">Sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNK" title="SNK">SNK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_Enix" title="Square Enix">Square Enix</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taito" title="Taito">Taito</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Electric" title="Stanley Electric">Stanley Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Micronics" title="Star Micronics">Star Micronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stax_Ltd" title="Stax Ltd">Stax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Electric_Industries" title="Sumitomo Electric Industries">Sumitomo Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyo_Yuden" title="Taiyo Yuden">Taiyo Yuden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamron" title="Tamron">Tamron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDK" title="TDK">TDK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TEAC_Corporation" title="TEAC Corporation">TEAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Corporation" title="Tiger Corporation">Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOA_Corporation" title="TOA Corporation">TOA Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Electron" title="Tokyo Electron">Tokyo Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topcon" title="Topcon">Topcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniden" title="Uniden">Uniden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushio,_Inc." title="Ushio, Inc.">Ushio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wacom" title="Wacom">Wacom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaesu_(brand)" title="Yaesu (brand)">Yaesu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamaha_Corporation" title="Yamaha Corporation">Yamaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaskawa_Electric_Corporation" title="Yaskawa Electric Corporation">Yaskawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokogawa_Electric" title="Yokogawa Electric">Yokogawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zojirushi" title="Zojirushi">Zojirushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_Corporation" title="Zoom Corporation">Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuken" title="Zuken">Zuken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiwa" title="Aiwa">Aiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akai" title="Akai">Akai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronica" title="Bronica">Bronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinon_Industries" title="Chinon Industries">Chinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contax" title="Contax">Contax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konica" title="Konica">Konica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minolta" title="Minolta">Minolta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_(brand)" title="National (brand)">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norita" title="Norita">Norita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okaya_Optical" title="Okaya Optical">Okaya Optical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Industries_Association_of_Japan" title="Electronic Industries Association of Japan">Electronic Industries Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_Network_Corporation_of_Japan" title="Innovation Network Corporation of Japan">INCJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Electronic_Industries_Development_Association" title="Japan Electronic Industries Development Association">Japan Electronic Industries Development Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Electronics_and_Information_Technology_Industries_Association" title="Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association">Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagi%E2%80%93Uda_antenna" title="Yagi–Uda antenna">Yagi–Uda antenna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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