My musical life and recollections : Rivie虁re, Jules, 1819-1900 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en">  <head data-release=db3d371b data-node="www08.us.archive.org"> <title>My musical life and recollections : Rivie虁re, Jules, 1819-1900 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="Q2YSouphkkgHkFNP7FgAkc4TmBs1Gmag3uGNndb53B8" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bpjKvUvsX0lxfmjg19TLblckWkDpnptZEYsBntApxUk" /> <script nonce="f36d0b036e2c1c4a72debe760240ee04" > /* @licstart The following is the entire license notice for the * JavaScript code in this page. * * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU Affero General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. * * @licend The above is the entire license notice * for the JavaScript code in this page. */ </script> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta property="mediatype" content="texts"> <meta property="primary_collection" content="cornell"> <script src="//archive.org/includes/build/js/ia-sentry.min.js?v=db3d371b" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//archive.org/includes/athena.js?v=db3d371b" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//archive.org/components/npm/lit/polyfill-support.js?v=db3d371b" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//archive.org/components/npm/@webcomponents/webcomponentsjs/webcomponents-bundle.js?v=db3d371b" type="text/javascript"></script> <script nonce="f36d0b036e2c1c4a72debe760240ee04" > window.__realDefine = customElements.define.bind(customElements); customElements.define = function() { try { return window.__realDefine.apply(this, arguments); } catch (e) { console.warn(e); } } </script> <script src="//archive.org/includes/build/js/ia-topnav.min.js?v=db3d371b" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//archive.org/includes/build/js/details-bookreader.min.js?v=db3d371b" type="text/javascript"></script> <link href="/includes/build/BookReader/BookReader.css?v=db3d371b" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link href="/bookreader/BookReader-ia.css?v=db3d371b" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <meta name="description" content="The metadata below describe the original scanning. Follow the All Files: HTTP link in the View the book box to the left to find XML files that contain more..."/> <meta property="og:title" content="My musical life and recollections : Rivie虁re, Jules, 1819-1900 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive"> <meta property="og:description" content="The metadata below describe the original scanning. Follow the All Files: HTTP link in the View the book box to the left to find XML files that contain more..."> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Internet Archive"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://archive.org/services/img/cu31924022429322"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://archive.org/details/cu31924022429322"> <meta property="twitter:card" content="player"/> <meta property="twitter:site" content="@internetarchive"/> <meta property="twitter:account_id" content="18957805"/> <meta property="twitter:description" content="The metadata below describe the original scanning. Follow the All Files: HTTP link in the View the book box to the left to find XML files that contain more..."/> <meta property="twitter:title" content="My musical life and recollections : Rivie虁re, Jules, 1819-1900 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive"/> <meta property="twitter:image" content="https://archive.org/services/img/cu31924022429322/full/pct:200/0/default.jpg"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924022429322"> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/texts","name":"Texts","image":"https:\/\/archive.org\/services\/img\/texts"}}]} </script> <meta name="monetization" content="$ilp.uphold.com/D7BwPKMQzBiD"> <link href="//archive.org/includes/build/css/archive.min.css?v=db3d371b" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <link rel="SHORTCUT ICON" href="https://archive.org/images/glogo.jpg"/> </head> <body class="navia ia-module tiles responsive"> <a href="#maincontent" class="hidden-for-screen-readers">Skip to main content</a>  <div id="wrap" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/TextDigitalDocument" > <div class="ia-banners"> <div class="ia-banner hidden post-appeal-20240905" data-campaign="post-appeal-20240905"> <p><a href="https://change.org/LetReadersRead" rel="nofollow">Ask the publishers</a> to restore access to 500,000+ books.</p> <form class="banner-close" action="" method="get" data-action="ia-banner-close"> <fieldset> <button aria-label="Close Banner" type="submit"></button> </fieldset> </form> </div> <div class="ia-banner public ia-deprecated-browser" data-campaign="ia-deprecated-browser"> <p>Your browser may not be compatible with all the features on this site. Consider upgrading to a modern browser or enabling JavaScript for an improved experience.</p> <form class="banner-close" action="" method="get" data-action="ia-banner-close"> <fieldset> <button aria-label="Close Banner" type="submit"></button> </fieldset> </form> </div> </div> <div id="topnav"> <input class="js_nav_tweaks" type="hidden" value='[]'/> <style scope="icon-hamburger-1">.icon-hamburger-1 svg.icon-hamburger { display: block; height: 4rem; width: 4rem; } .icon-hamburger-1 .fill-color.icon-hamburger { fill: #fff; }</style><style scope="login-button-1">.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button { display: block; text-transform: uppercase; color: #ccc; cursor: pointer; } .login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button svg.login-button { height: 100%; width: 4rem; } .login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button .fill-color.login-button { fill: #999; } .login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:active .fill-color.login-button,.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:focus .fill-color.login-button,.login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button:hover .fill-color.login-button { fill: #fff; } .login-button-1 .active.login-button { border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0; background: #333; } .login-button-1 .active.login-button .fill-color.login-button { fill: #fff; } .login-button-1 span.login-button { display: none; font-size: 1.4rem; text-transform: uppercase; color: #999; } .login-button-1 span.login-button a.login-button { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; outline: 0; } .login-button-1 a.login-button:hover,.login-button-1 a.login-button:active,.login-button-1 a.login-button:focus { color: #fff !important; outline: none !important; outline-offset: inherit !important; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .login-button-1 .logged-out-toolbar.login-button { padding: 1rem 0.5rem; vertical-align: middle; } .login-button-1 .active.login-button { background: transparent; } .login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; } .login-button-1 .dropdown-toggle.login-button svg.login-button { height: 3rem; width: 3rem; display: block; } .login-button-1 span.login-button { display: inline; vertical-align: middle; } }</style><style scope="nav-search-1">.nav-search-1 input.nav-search[type="text"] { color: #222; } .nav-search-1 input.nav-search:focus { outline: none; } .nav-search-1 button.nav-search { background: none; color: inherit; border: none; font: inherit; cursor: pointer; } .nav-search-1 button.nav-search:focus { outline: none; } .nav-search-1 .search.nav-search { padding-top: 0; margin-right: 0.5rem; } .nav-search-1 .search.nav-search svg.nav-search { position: relative; fill:; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 4rem; bottom: 0; left: 4rem; z-index: 3; padding: 0.5rem 0.2rem; border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0; background: #333; } .nav-search-1 .search-inactive.nav-search { display: none; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search,.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search { background: #fff; border-radius: 0.5rem; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; width: 100%; margin: 0 0.5rem; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search { height: 100%; padding: 0; margin-right: 0; -ms-flex-item-align: center; -ms-grid-row-align: center; align-self: center; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search svg.nav-search { height: 3rem; width: 3rem; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search { width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 1rem; border-radius: 0.5rem; border: none; font-size: 1.6rem; text-align: center; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search:focus { outline: none; } @keyframes fade-in-nav-search-1 { 0% { opacity: 0; } 100% { opacity: 1; } } .nav-search-1 .fade-in.nav-search { animation: fade-in-nav-search-1 0.2s forwards; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .nav-search-1 .search.nav-search svg.nav-search { display: inline; width: 2.8rem; height: 2.8rem; vertical-align: -14px; } .nav-search-1 .search.nav-search path.nav-search { fill: #333; } .nav-search-1 .search-inactive.nav-search,.nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search { display: block; position: static; padding: 1.1rem 0.2rem; background: transparent; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .highlight.nav-search { width: 13rem; height: 2.8rem; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-direction: reverse; -ms-flex-direction: row-reverse; flex-direction: row-reverse; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search-field.nav-search { width: calc(100% - 28px); height: 100%; padding-left: 0; font-size: 1.4rem; text-align: left; } .nav-search-1 .search-activated.nav-search .search.nav-search svg.nav-search { width: 2.8rem; height: 2.8rem; } }</style><style scope="media-button-1">.media-button-1 a.media-button { display: inline-block; text-decoration: none; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button { display: inline-block; width: 100%; padding: 0; font-size: 1.6rem; text-align: left; background: transparent; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus { outline: none; } .media-button-1 .label.media-button { display: inline-block; padding: 0; font-weight: 400; color: #fff; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button > .icon.media-button { display: inline-flex; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-box-align: center; -ms-flex-align: center; align-items: center; -webkit-box-pack: center; -ms-flex-pack: center; justify-content: center; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button > .icon.media-button > svg.media-button { height: 4rem; width: 4rem; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .icon.media-button { background-color: #333; border-radius: 1rem 0 0 1rem; } .media-button-1 .icon.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #999; } .media-button-1 .icon.active.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #fff; } .media-button-1 .donate.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #f00; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button { width: auto; height: 5rem; color: #999; display: inline-flex; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:hover,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:active,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus { color: #fff; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:hover .fill-color.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:active .fill-color.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.media-button:focus .fill-color.media-button { fill: #fff; } .media-button-1 .label.media-button { display: none; } .media-button-1 .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after { padding-right: 1rem; font-size: 1.3rem; text-transform: uppercase; color: inherit; } .media-button-1 .web.media-button:after { display: none; content: "web"; } .media-button-1 .donate.media-button,.media-button-1 .more.media-button { display: none; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button { background: #474747; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.web.media-button:after { color: #fff; } .media-button-1 .menu-item.selected.media-button .icon.media-button { background: transparent; } .media-button-1 .web.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #ffcd27; } .media-button-1 .texts.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #faab3c; } .media-button-1 .video.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #f1644b; } .media-button-1 .audio.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #00adef; } .media-button-1 .software.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #9ecc4f; } .media-button-1 .images.selected.media-button .fill-color.media-button { fill: #aa99c9; } } @media (min-width: 1200px) { .media-button-1 .label.media-button,.media-button-1 .web.media-button:after { display: inline; } .media-button-1 .web.media-button .label.media-button { display: none; } }</style><style scope="media-menu-1">.media-menu-1 { outline: none; } .media-menu-1 .media-menu-inner.media-menu { z-index: -1; top: -40rem; background-color: #222; margin: 0; overflow: hidden; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: top; transition-timing-function: ease; } .media-menu-1 .menu-group.media-menu { position: relative; line-height: normal; } @media (max-width: 889px) { .media-menu-1 .media-menu-inner.media-menu { position: absolute; width: 100%; } .media-menu-1 .open.media-menu .media-menu-inner.media-menu { top: 0; } .media-menu-1 .overflow-clip.media-menu { position: absolute; z-index: -1; top: 4rem; left: 0; height: 0; width: 100%; overflow: hidden; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-property: height; } .media-menu-1 .open.media-menu .overflow-clip.media-menu { height: 40rem; } } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-menu-1 .media-menu-inner.media-menu { display: block; position: static; width: auto; height: 5rem; transition-property: none; } .media-menu-1 .menu-group.media-menu { font-size: 0; } }</style><style scope="primary-nav-1">.primary-nav-1 button.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 input.primary-nav:focus { outline: none; } .primary-nav-1 nav.primary-nav { position: relative; display: flex; height: 4rem; grid-template-areas: 'hamburger empty heart search user'; -ms-grid-columns: 4rem minmax(1rem, 100%) 4rem 4rem 4rem; grid-template-columns: 4rem auto 4rem 4rem 4rem; -ms-grid-rows: 100%; grid-template-rows: 100%; background: #222; border-bottom: 1px solid #333; } .primary-nav-1 nav.hide-search.primary-nav { grid-template-areas: 'hamburger empty heart user'; -ms-grid-columns: 4rem minmax(1rem, 100%) 4rem 4rem; grid-template-columns: 4rem auto 4rem 4rem; } .primary-nav-1 .right-side-section.primary-nav { display: flex; margin-left: auto; user-select: none; } .primary-nav-1 button.primary-nav { background: none; color: inherit; border: none; font: inherit; cursor: pointer; } .primary-nav-1 .branding.primary-nav { position: static; float: left; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 5px 0 10px; -webkit-transform: translate(0, 0); -ms-transform: translate(0, 0); transform: translate(0, 0); } .primary-nav-1 slot.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .branding.primary-nav { display: flex; justify-content: left; align-items: center; } .primary-nav-1 media-menu.primary-nav { grid-column-start: hamburger-start; grid-column-end: user-end; } .primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav { height: 3rem; width: 2.7rem; display: inline-block; } .primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav { height: 3rem; width: 9.5rem; } .primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav { margin-right: 5px; } .primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 1; grid-area: hamburger; padding: 0; } .primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav svg.primary-nav { height: 4rem; width: 4rem; fill: #fff; } .primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav { display: inline-block; } .primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav svg.primary-nav { height: 4rem; width: 4rem; } .primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav .fill-color.primary-nav { fill: rgb(255, 0, 0); } .primary-nav-1 .sr-only.primary-nav { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; margin: -1px; padding: 0; border: 0; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); -webkit-clip-path: inset(50%); clip-path: inset(50%); user-select: none; } .primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav { padding: 0; } .primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav svg.primary-nav { height: 4rem; width: 4rem; } .primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav .fill-color.primary-nav { fill: #999; } .primary-nav-1 .search-activated.primary-nav { position: relative; z-index: 3; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav span.primary-nav { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav svg.primary-nav { height: 3rem; width: 3rem; } .primary-nav-1 .screen-name.primary-nav { display: none; font-size: 1.3rem; vertical-align: middle; text-transform: uppercase; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav { color: #999; padding: 0.5rem; height: 100%; } .primary-nav-1 button.user-menu.primary-nav:hover,.primary-nav-1 button.user-menu.primary-nav:focus { color: #fff; outline: none; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.active.primary-nav { border-radius: 1rem 1rem 0 0; background: #333; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav { display: block; width: 3rem; height: 3rem; } .primary-nav-1 .link-home.primary-nav { text-decoration: none; display: inline-flex; } .primary-nav-1 a.link-home.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 a.link-home.primary-nav:focus-visible { outline-offset: 1px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 890px) and (max-device-width: 905px) { .primary-nav-1 .branding.second-logo.primary-nav { padding-right: 0; } } @media (min-width: 906px) { .primary-nav-1 .branding.second-logo.primary-nav { padding-right: 20px; } } @media (max-width: 889px) { .primary-nav-1 slot.primary-nav[name='opt-sec-logo'] { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .right-side-section.primary-nav { display: initial; } .primary-nav-1 .right-side-section.primary-nav .user-info.primary-nav { float: right; } } @media (min-width: 890px) { .primary-nav-1 { ; } .primary-nav-1 nav.primary-nav { display: flex; z-index: 4; height: 5rem; padding-right: 1.5rem; } .primary-nav-1 slot.primary-nav[name='opt-sec-logo-mobile'] { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .ia-logo.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .ia-wordmark.primary-nav { margin-right: 10px; } .primary-nav-1 .hamburger.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .search-trigger.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .mobile-donate-link.primary-nav { display: none; } .primary-nav-1 .user-info.primary-nav { display: block; float: right; vertical-align: middle; height: 100%; } .primary-nav-1 .user-info.primary-nav .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav { height: 3rem; width: 3rem; margin-right: 0.5rem; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav { padding: 1rem 0.5rem; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.active.primary-nav { background: transparent; } .primary-nav-1 .user-menu.primary-nav img.primary-nav { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 0.5rem; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav { display: block; padding: 1rem 0.5rem; float: right; font-size: 1.4rem; text-transform: uppercase; text-decoration: none; color: #999; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover { color: #fff; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus-visible { outline: none; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav svg.primary-nav { vertical-align: middle; fill: #999; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:hover svg.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:focus svg.primary-nav,.primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav:active svg.primary-nav { fill: #fff; } .primary-nav-1 nav-search.primary-nav { float: right; margin-left: 1rem; } } @media (min-width: 990px) { .primary-nav-1 .screen-name.primary-nav { display: inline-block; text-overflow: ellipsis; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 165px; } .primary-nav-1 .upload.primary-nav span.primary-nav { display: inline; } }</style><style scope="search-menu-1">.search-menu-1 .menu-wrapper.search-menu { position: relative; } .search-menu-1 button.search-menu:focus,.search-menu-1 input.search-menu:focus { outline-color: #428bca; outline-width: 0.16rem; outline-style: auto; outline-offset: 2px !important; } .search-menu-1 .search-menu-inner.search-menu { position: absolute; right: 0; left: 0; z-index: 4; padding: 0 4.5rem; font-size: 1.6rem; background-color: #333; } .search-menu-1 .tx-slide.search-menu { overflow: hidden; transition-property: top; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; } .search-menu-1 .initial.search-menu,.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu { top: -1500px; } .search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu { transition-duration: 0.2s; } .search-menu-1 label.search-menu,.search-menu-1 a.search-menu { padding: 1rem; display: block; } .search-menu-1 .advanced-search.search-menu { text-decoration: none; color: #428bca; line-height: normal; padding: 0.5rem; margin-top: 5px; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .search-menu-1 .search-menu-inner.search-menu { overflow: visible; right: 2rem; left: auto; z-index: 5; padding: 1rem 2rem; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in-out; font-size: 1.4rem; color: #333; border-radius: 2px; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); } .search-menu-1 .search-menu-inner.search-menu:after { position: absolute; right: 7px; top: -7px; width: 12px; height: 7px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #fff; content: ''; border-bottom: 7px solid currentColor; border-left: 6px solid transparent; border-right: 6px solid transparent; } .search-menu-1 .initial.search-menu,.search-menu-1 .closed.search-menu { opacity: 0; transition-duration: 0.2s; } .search-menu-1 .open.search-menu { opacity: 1; } .search-menu-1 label.search-menu { padding: 0; font-weight: normal; margin: 0; } .search-menu-1 label.search-menu + label.search-menu { padding-top: 7px; } .search-menu-1 a.search-menu { padding: 1rem 0 0 0; } }</style><style scope="wayback-search-1">.wayback-search-1 { font: normal 1.2rem/1.5 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; } .wayback-search-1 form.wayback-search { max-width: 600px; } .wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search { margin-top: 0; font-weight: 200; } .wayback-search-1 a.wayback-search { font-weight: 500; text-decoration: none; color: #fff; } .wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search { padding: 0.7rem 2rem; margin: 1.5rem 0; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; border: none; border-radius: 7px; background-color: #fcf5e6; box-shadow: 3px 3px 0 0 #c3ad97; } .wayback-search-1 label.wayback-search { display: none; } .wayback-search-1 img.wayback-search { width: 100%; max-width: 215px; max-height: 60px; margin-bottom: 1.3rem; vertical-align: middle; } .wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search { display: block; width: 100%; height: 3rem; padding: 0.5rem 1rem 0.5rem 2.5rem; font: normal 1.2rem/1.5 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color: #858585; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #ccc; border-radius: 2rem; background: #eee; } .wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search:focus { border-color: #66afe9; box-shadow: inset 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075), 0 0 8px rgba(102, 175, 233, 0.6); outline: none; } .wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search { position: relative; overflow: hidden; } .wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search { position: absolute; top: 2px; left: 3px; width: 2.4rem; height: 2.4rem; } .wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search .fill-color.wayback-search { fill: #999; } .wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search:focus + svg.wayback-search { display: none; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .wayback-search-1 form.wayback-search { margin: 0 auto; } .wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search { margin-bottom: 3rem; font-size: 1.6rem; text-align: center; } .wayback-search-1 img.wayback-search { margin: 0; } .wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search { margin: 0 auto; font-size: 0; } .wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search,.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search { display: inline-block; width: 50%; vertical-align: middle; } .wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search { text-align: center; } .wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search { width: 2.8rem; height: 2.8rem; } .wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search .fill-color.wayback-search { fill: #333; } } .wayback-search-1 p.wayback-search { margin-bottom: 1rem; font-size: 1.6rem; text-align: center; } .wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search { padding: .5rem; border-radius: 5px; box-shadow: none; } .wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search { padding-left: 3rem; margin-top: .3rem; font-size: 1.4rem; border-color: #bca38e; background: #fff; } .wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search::placeholder,.wayback-search-1 input.wayback-search::-webkit-input-placeholder { color: #8e8e8e; } .wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search svg.wayback-search { top: 50%; transform: translateY(-50%); } @media (min-width: 890px) { .wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search,.wayback-search-1 .search-field.wayback-search { display: block; width: auto; } .wayback-search-1 fieldset.wayback-search a.wayback-search { margin: 0 1.5rem; } }</style><style scope="save-page-form-1">.save-page-form-1 div.save-page-form { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; grid-column-gap: .8rem; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: none; } .save-page-form-1 input.save-page-form[type="text"] { width: 100%; height: 3rem; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #999; border-radius: .5rem; color: #222; font-size: inherit; } .save-page-form-1 input.save-page-form[type="submit"] { -webkit-appearance: none; -moz-appearance: none; appearance: none; padding: .4rem .8rem; font: normal 1.3rem 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-transform: uppercase; color: #fff; border: none; border-radius: 16px; background: #222; cursor: pointer; } .save-page-form-1 .error.save-page-form { display: none; margin-top: .5rem; font-weight: bold; color: #ffcd27; } .save-page-form-1 .visible.save-page-form { display: block; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .save-page-form-1 h3.save-page-form { margin-top: 0; font: normal 100 1.6rem 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; } }</style><style scope="wayback-slider-1">.wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider { font-size: 1.6rem; } .wayback-slider-1 a.wayback-slider { text-decoration: none; color: #fff; } .wayback-slider-1 ul.wayback-slider { padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; } .wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider + li.wayback-slider { padding-top: 1.5rem; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider { margin: 0 0 1rem 0; font-weight: 100; } .wayback-slider-1 ul.wayback-slider { font-size: 1.3rem; } .wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider { padding-bottom: .5rem; } .wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider + li.wayback-slider { padding-top: 0; } .wayback-slider-1 li.wayback-slider a.wayback-slider { display: block; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; } } @media (min-width: 890px) { .wayback-slider-1 { display: block; grid-column: 1 / 4; padding: 0 1.5rem; } .wayback-slider-1 h4.wayback-slider { margin-top: 0; font: normal 100 1.6rem 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; } .wayback-slider-1 .grid.wayback-slider { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(auto, 260px) 1fr minmax(auto, 260px); grid-column-gap: 2.5rem; } .wayback-slider-1 .link-lists.wayback-slider { display: grid; grid-template-columns: calc(50% - 1.25rem) calc(50% - 1.25rem); grid-column-gap: 2.5rem; } }</style><style scope="more-slider-1">.more-slider-1 ul.more-slider { padding: 0; margin: -1rem 0 0 0; list-style: none; } .more-slider-1 a.more-slider { display: block; padding: 1rem 0; text-decoration: none; color: #fff; }</style><style scope="media-subnav-1">.media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav { font-size: 1.6rem; } .media-subnav-1 a.media-subnav { text-decoration: none; color: #fff; } .media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav { padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; } .media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav + li.media-subnav { padding-top: 1.5rem; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-subnav-1 h4.media-subnav { margin: 0 0 1rem 0; font-weight: 100; } .media-subnav-1 ul.media-subnav { font-size: 1.3rem; } .media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav { padding-bottom: .5rem; } .media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav + li.media-subnav { padding-top: 0; } .media-subnav-1 li.media-subnav a.media-subnav { display: block; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-overflow: ellipsis; } } .media-subnav-1 img.media-subnav { display: block; width: 90px; height: 90px; margin: 0 auto 1rem auto; border-radius: 45px; } .media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav { margin-top: 0; font-size: 1.8rem; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav { display: -webkit-box; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-pack: space-evenly; -ms-flex-pack: space-evenly; justify-content: space-evenly; text-align: center; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav { display: inline-block; width: 12rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; overflow: hidden; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav + a.media-subnav { margin-left: 2rem; } .media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav { display: none; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-subnav-1 { display: -ms-grid; display: grid; -ms-grid-columns: 40% 20% 40%; grid-template-columns: 40% 20% 40%; } .media-subnav-1 .wayback-search.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 1; -ms-grid-column-span: 3; grid-column: 1 / 4; } .media-subnav-1 h3.media-subnav { display: none; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .icon-links.media-subnav a.media-subnav { padding-top: 3.5rem; max-width: 16rem; } .media-subnav-1 .links.media-subnav { padding: 0 1.5rem; } .media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 2; } .media-subnav-1 .featured.media-subnav h4.media-subnav { display: block; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav { -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav { display: -ms-grid; display: grid; -ms-grid-columns: 50% 3rem 50%; grid-template-columns: 50% 50%; -ms-grid-rows: (auto)[7]; grid-template-rows: repeat(7, auto); grid-column-gap: 3rem; grid-auto-flow: column; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(1) { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(2) { -ms-grid-row: 2; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(3) { -ms-grid-row: 3; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(4) { -ms-grid-row: 4; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(5) { -ms-grid-row: 5; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(6) { -ms-grid-row: 6; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(7) { -ms-grid-row: 7; -ms-grid-column: 1; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(8) { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(9) { -ms-grid-row: 2; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(10) { -ms-grid-row: 3; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(11) { -ms-grid-row: 4; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(12) { -ms-grid-row: 5; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(13) { -ms-grid-row: 6; -ms-grid-column: 3; } .media-subnav-1 .top.media-subnav ul.media-subnav > *.media-subnav:nth-child(14) { -ms-grid-row: 7; -ms-grid-column: 3; } }</style><style scope="media-slider-1">.media-slider-1 .media-slider-container.media-slider { position: relative; } .media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider { display: none; position: absolute; top: 3rem; right: 0; left: 0; height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition: height 0.2s ease; } .media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider { position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; left: 0; padding: 0; height: 31.9rem; overflow-x: hidden; font-size: 1.4rem; background: #333; } .media-slider-1 .open.media-slider { display: block; } .media-slider-1 .hidden.media-slider { display: none; } .media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider { padding: 1rem; } @media (max-width: 889px) { .media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.open.media-slider { display: block; height: 35.8rem; left: 4rem; top: 0; } } @media (min-width: 890px) { .media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.media-slider { display: block; } .media-slider-1 .information-menu.media-slider { left: 0; z-index: 3; height: auto; min-height: 21rem; background: #474747; transform: translate(0, -100%); transition: transform 0.2s ease; } .media-slider-1 .overflow-clip.open.media-slider { height: 22rem; } .media-slider-1 .information-menu.open.media-slider { transform: translate(0, 0); } .media-slider-1 .info-box.media-slider { max-width: 100rem; padding: 1.5rem 0; margin: 0 auto; } }</style><style scope="desktop-subnav-1">.desktop-subnav-1 ul.desktop-subnav { position: relative; z-index: 3; padding: .8rem 0; margin: 0; font-size: 1.2rem; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; background: #333; } .desktop-subnav-1 li.desktop-subnav { display: inline-block; padding: 0 15px; } .desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav { text-decoration: none; color: #aaa; } .desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:hover,.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:active,.desktop-subnav-1 a.desktop-subnav:focus { color: #fff; } .desktop-subnav-1 .donate.desktop-subnav svg.desktop-subnav { width: 1.6rem; height: 1.6rem; vertical-align: top; fill: #f00; }</style><style scope="signed-out-dropdown-1">.signed-out-dropdown-1 .nav-container.signed-out-dropdown { position: relative; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown { position: absolute; right: 0; z-index: 4; overflow: hidden; font-size: 1.6rem; background-color: #333; transition-property: top; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown { top: -1500px; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown { transition-duration: 0.5s; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown { max-width: 100vw; overflow: auto; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown { padding: 0.6rem 2rem; margin: 0; font-size: inherit; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown { padding: 0.4rem 0 0.7rem 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; max-height: calc(100vh - 7.2rem + 1px); overflow: auto; box-sizing: border-box; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown { margin: 0.5rem 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #666; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown { display: block; color: #fff; text-decoration: none; padding: 1rem 2rem; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown { font-size: 0.8em; color: #999; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .callout.signed-out-dropdown { position: absolute; margin-left: 10px; padding: 0 5px; border-radius: 2px; background: #fee257; color: #2c2c2c; font-size: 1.4rem; font-weight: bold; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.mobile-upload.signed-out-dropdown { display: flex; justify-content: left; align-items: center; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.mobile-upload.signed-out-dropdown svg.signed-out-dropdown { fill: #fff; margin-right: 1rem; height: 1.4rem; width: 1.4rem; } @media (min-width: 890px) { .signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown { display: flex; overflow: visible; top: 0; left: auto; z-index: 5; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in-out; font-size: 1.4rem; border-radius: 2px; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); } .signed-out-dropdown-1 nav.signed-out-dropdown:after { position: absolute; right: 7px; top: -7px; width: 12px; height: 7px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #fff; content: ''; border-bottom: 7px solid currentColor; border-left: 6px solid transparent; border-right: 6px solid transparent; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 h3.signed-out-dropdown { display: none; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 ul.signed-out-dropdown { max-height: calc(100vh - 8.5rem + 1px); } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .divider.signed-out-dropdown { border-bottom-color: #666; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown { padding: 0.5rem 2rem; color: #333; transition: background 0.1s ease-out, color 0.1s ease-out; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .info-item.signed-out-dropdown { padding: 0.5rem 2rem; font-size: 0.8em; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:hover,.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:active,.signed-out-dropdown-1 a.signed-out-dropdown:focus { color: #fff; background: #428bca; outline: none; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown { opacity: 0; transition-duration: 0.2s; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown { opacity: 1; overflow: visible; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 a.mobile-upload.signed-out-dropdown { display: none; } } @media (min-width: 890px) { .signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown { right: 33.5rem; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.open.signed-out-dropdown { right: 18.5rem; } } @media (min-width: 990px) { .signed-out-dropdown-1 .initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .open.signed-out-dropdown { right: 40rem; } .signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.initial.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.closed.signed-out-dropdown,.signed-out-dropdown-1 .search-hidden.open.signed-out-dropdown { right: 26rem; } }</style><style scope="ia-topnav-1">.ia-topnav-1 { ; color: #fff; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; } .ia-topnav-1 primary-nav.ia-topnav:focus { outline: none !important; } .ia-topnav-1 #close-layer.ia-topnav { display: none; position: fixed; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0; z-index: 3; } .ia-topnav-1 #close-layer.visible.ia-topnav { display: block; } .ia-topnav-1 .topnav.ia-topnav { position: relative; z-index: 4; } @media (max-width: 889px) { .ia-topnav-1 desktop-subnav.ia-topnav { display: none; } }</style><style>body {transition: opacity ease-in 0.2s; } body[unresolved] {opacity: 0; display: block; overflow: hidden; position: relative; } </style> <ia-topnav locallinks="true" waybackpagesarchived="916 billion" class="x-scope ia-topnav-1"> <div class="topnav style-scope ia-topnav"> <primary-nav class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope primary-nav-1"> <nav class="style-scope primary-nav"> <button class="hamburger style-scope primary-nav" title="Open main menu" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavHamburger"> <icon-hamburger class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope icon-hamburger-1"> <svg viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="hamburgerTitleID hamburgerDescID" class="style-scope icon-hamburger"> <title id="hamburgerTitleID" class="style-scope icon-hamburger">Hamburger icon</title> <desc id="hamburgerDescID" class="style-scope icon-hamburger">An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon.</desc> <path d="m30.5 26.5c.8284271 0 1.5.6715729 1.5 1.5s-.6715729 1.5-1.5 1.5h-21c-.82842712 0-1.5-.6715729-1.5-1.5s.67157288-1.5 1.5-1.5zm0-8c.8284271 0 1.5.6715729 1.5 1.5s-.6715729 1.5-1.5 1.5h-21c-.82842712 0-1.5-.6715729-1.5-1.5s.67157288-1.5 1.5-1.5zm0-8c.8284271 0 1.5.6715729 1.5 1.5s-.6715729 1.5-1.5 1.5h-21c-.82842712 0-1.5-.6715729-1.5-1.5s.67157288-1.5 1.5-1.5z" fill="#999" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope icon-hamburger"></path> </svg> </icon-hamburger> </button> <div class="branding style-scope primary-nav"> <a title="Go home" class="link-home style-scope primary-nav" href="/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavHome"> <svg class="ia-logo style-scope primary-nav" viewBox="0 0 27 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="logoTitleID logoDescID"> <title id="logoTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Internet Archive logo</title> <desc id="logoDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">A line drawing of the Internet Archive headquarters building fa莽ade.</desc> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope primary-nav"> <mask id="mask-2" fill="white" class="style-scope primary-nav"> <path d="M26.6666667,28.6046512 L26.6666667,30 L0,30 L0.000283687943,28.6046512 L26.6666667,28.6046512 Z M25.6140351,26.5116279 L25.6140351,28.255814 L1.05263158,28.255814 L1.05263158,26.5116279 L25.6140351,26.5116279 Z M3.62469203,7.6744186 L3.91746909,7.82153285 L4.0639977,10.1739544 L4.21052632,13.9963932 L4.21052632,17.6725617 L4.0639977,22.255044 L4.03962296,25.3421929 L3.62469203,25.4651163 L2.16024641,25.4651163 L1.72094074,25.3421929 L1.55031755,22.255044 L1.40350877,17.6970339 L1.40350877,14.0211467 L1.55031755,10.1739544 L1.68423854,7.80887484 L1.98962322,7.6744186 L3.62469203,7.6744186 Z M24.6774869,7.6744186 L24.9706026,7.82153285 L25.1168803,10.1739544 L25.2631579,13.9963932 L25.2631579,17.6725617 L25.1168803,22.255044 L25.0927809,25.3421929 L24.6774869,25.4651163 L23.2130291,25.4651163 L22.7736357,25.3421929 L22.602418,22.255044 L22.4561404,17.6970339 L22.4561404,14.0211467 L22.602418,10.1739544 L22.7369262,7.80887484 L23.0420916,7.6744186 L24.6774869,7.6744186 Z M9.94042303,7.6744186 L10.2332293,7.82153285 L10.3797725,10.1739544 L10.5263158,13.9963932 L10.5263158,17.6725617 L10.3797725,22.255044 L10.3556756,25.3421929 L9.94042303,25.4651163 L8.47583122,25.4651163 L8.0362015,25.3421929 L7.86556129,22.255044 L7.71929825,17.6970339 L7.71929825,14.0211467 L7.86556129,10.1739544 L8.00005604,7.80887484 L8.30491081,7.6744186 L9.94042303,7.6744186 Z M18.0105985,7.6744186 L18.3034047,7.82153285 L18.449948,10.1739544 L18.5964912,13.9963932 L18.5964912,17.6725617 L18.449948,22.255044 L18.425851,25.3421929 L18.0105985,25.4651163 L16.5460067,25.4651163 L16.1066571,25.3421929 L15.9357367,22.255044 L15.7894737,17.6970339 L15.7894737,14.0211467 L15.9357367,10.1739544 L16.0702315,7.80887484 L16.3753664,7.6744186 L18.0105985,7.6744186 Z M25.6140351,4.53488372 L25.6140351,6.97674419 L1.05263158,6.97674419 L1.05263158,4.53488372 L25.6140351,4.53488372 Z M13.0806755,0 L25.9649123,2.93331338 L25.4484139,3.8372093 L0.771925248,3.8372093 L0,3.1041615 L13.0806755,0 Z" id="path-1" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path> </mask> <use fill="#FFFFFF" xlink:href="#path-1" class="style-scope primary-nav"></use> <g mask="url(#mask-2)" fill="#FFFFFF" class="style-scope primary-nav"> <path d="M0,0 L26.6666667,0 L26.6666667,30 L0,30 L0,0 Z" id="swatch" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path> </g> </g> </svg>  <svg class="ia-wordmark stacked style-scope primary-nav" viewBox="0 0 95 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope primary-nav"> <g transform="translate(0 17)" class="style-scope primary-nav"> <path d="m3.07645967 2.60391777c.09263226-.31901841.26275495-.97477846.26275495-1.10630359 0-.74950669-.57227138-.76816274-1.19041353-.88009902v-.41183224h2.90678232l3.77209227 12.60682378h-1.60725868l-1.16012991-3.8963154h-3.94266032l-1.15968456 3.8963154h-.95794221zm-.69607795 5.4317081h3.41670507l-1.76223957-5.469953z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m13.2661876 2.75363255c0-1.85487748-.0316196-1.85487748-1.469201-2.13611739v-.41183224h3.8032666c1.1601299 0 4.3599508 0 4.3599508 3.35342446 0 2.13518459-1.143652 2.84737918-2.3652399 3.0903742l2.8448791 6.16302512h-1.7773814l-2.7366596-5.82581707h-.9588329v5.82581707h-1.7007817zm1.7007817 3.35295806h.8817878c1.0042583 0 2.411556-.33674165 2.411556-2.43508055 0-2.0237147-.9588329-2.58572812-2.2579112-2.58572812-1.0354326 0-1.0354326.33720805-1.0354326 1.68650665z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m30.9386422 12.2878054c-.5250645.2817063-1.3761234.7121946-2.9682403.7121946-3.3552471 0-4.5612478-2.4537366-4.5612478-6.66860403 0-3.4089262.86531-6.18214759 4.3136347-6.18214759 1.3761234 0 2.3812724.28077351 3.0920468.56201342l.0930776 3.12908549h-.4484648c-.0619033-.95612241-.9125167-2.79187744-2.5821241-2.79187744-2.2726076 0-2.6440273 2.94065941-2.6440273 5.28292612 0 2.95931547.8510588 5.61966783 2.9994146 5.61966783 1.4692009 0 2.2267368-.5620135 2.7059306-.9551897z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m35.4546446 2.67900836c0-1.48129014-.0926322-1.64966096-1.5466914-1.83622143v-.41276504l3.2470277-.43002189v5.80669465h4.2049699v-5.60101173h1.7007816v12.60682378h-1.7007816v-6.12571303h-4.2049699v6.12571303h-1.7003363z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m46.0300434 12.3447063c1.0973359 0 1.3137748-.2807735 1.3137748-1.7420083v-8.05568117c0-1.46123489-.2164389-1.741542-1.3137748-1.741542v-.46919958h4.3287765v.46919958c-1.0826395 0-1.3137748.28030711-1.3137748 1.741542v8.05568117c0 1.4612348.2311353 1.7420083 1.3137748 1.7420083v.4678004h-4.3287765z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m55.1990352 2.60391777c-.494781-1.7051627-.6341747-1.7051627-1.8709043-1.98640261v-.41183224h2.9994145l3.0301436 10.26548988h.0307289l2.9535438-10.26548988h1.0042584l-3.771647 12.60682378h-1.344949z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m67.7842867 2.75363255c0-1.85487748-.0463161-1.85487748-1.4687557-2.13611739v-.41183224h7.4061269l.0463161 2.77228859h-.433323c0-1.49854698-.6488711-1.89218957-1.6696073-1.89218957h-1.2060007c-.7726777 0-.9735293.07462419-.9735293.97431206v3.7279446h1.8709043c1.0657162 0 1.174381-.82366447 1.2674586-1.44164603h.4324323v3.93316112h-.4324323c0-1.01162415-.3402454-1.61141607-1.2674586-1.61141607h-1.8709043v4.17755538c0 1.0489362.2008516 1.0867147.9735293 1.0867147h1.7168141c.8804518 0 1.2977423-.3749865 1.3908199-1.835755h.433323l-.0472068 2.715854h-6.1685065z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path> </g> <path d="m1.55575146 9.89647882v-7.6678574c0-1.39053729-.25677019-1.65867172-1.55575146-1.65867172v-.44528687h5.12561364v.44528687c-1.28118091 0-1.55575146.26813443-1.55575146 1.65867172v7.6678574c0 1.39097468.27457055 1.65735948 1.55575146 1.65735948v.4461617h-5.12561364v-.4461617c1.29898127 0 1.55575146-.2663848 1.55575146-1.65735948z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m9.92299051 2.28198586c0-1.65823431-.25588017-1.58649851-1.83032201-1.88962601v-.39235985h3.8626781l5.7664266 9.70008019h.0364907v-9.70008019h1.1534634v12h-1.7577856l-6.0405521-10.14492965h-.0369358v10.14492965h-1.15346329z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m25.631543.83808413h-1.2633805c-1.4458343 0-1.8668128.44572428-1.977175 1.74834147h-.5122054l.0729815-2.5864256h9.3727795l.0734265 2.63935263h-.5126504c0-1.37304075-.5860768-1.8012685-1.9954203-1.8012685h-1.2442452v11.16191587h-2.0141107z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m36.1050097 2.42502005c0-1.7654006-.0556262-1.7654006-1.7399852-2.0326602v-.39235985h8.7684573l.0551811 2.63935263h-.5126504c0-1.42684261-.7685305-1.8012685-1.9762849-1.8012685h-1.4284789c-.9153835 0-1.1534633.0717358-1.1534633.92775388v3.54829773h2.2152547c1.2629356 0 1.3906532-.7851571 1.5010154-1.37391558h.5130954v3.74513378h-.5130954c0-.96274696-.4022881-1.53313407-1.5010154-1.53313407h-2.2152547v3.97608803c0 .9986149.2380798 1.033608 1.1534633 1.033608h2.0319111c1.0439911 0 1.5375061-.356492 1.6469783-1.74702926h.5135404l-.0551812 2.58511336h-7.3034876z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m48.1689385 2.42502005c0-1.7654006-.0364908-1.7654006-1.7382052-2.0326602v-.39235985h4.5026011c1.3732977 0 5.1621043 0 5.1621043 3.19180579 0 2.03309761-1.3537173 2.71065102-2.8004416 2.94248013l3.3682731 5.86571408h-2.1053376l-3.2396655-5.54552745h-1.1352179v5.54552745h-2.0141107zm2.0141107 3.19136837h1.0439911c1.189064 0 2.8556227-.32018663 2.8556227-2.31697893 0-1.92680615-1.1352179-2.46132536-2.673169-2.46132536-1.2264448 0-1.2264448.32062404-1.2264448 1.6057447z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m61.4610921 2.28198586c0-1.65823431-.2567702-1.58649851-1.830767-1.88962601v-.39235985h3.8622331l5.7659816 9.70008019h.0369357v-9.70008019h1.1534633v12h-1.7568955l-6.0414421-10.14492965h-.0364908v10.14492965h-1.1530183z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m75.1550889 2.42502005c0-1.7654006-.0547361-1.7654006-1.7390952-2.0326602v-.39235985h8.7684573l.0551811 2.63935263h-.5126504c0-1.42684261-.7694205-1.8012685-1.9771749-1.8012685h-1.4280339c-.9149385 0-1.1530183.0717358-1.1530183.92775388v3.54829773h2.2148098c1.2633805 0 1.3906531-.7851571 1.5010153-1.37391558h.5130954v3.74513378h-.5130954c0-.96274696-.4022881-1.53313407-1.5010153-1.53313407h-2.2148098v3.97608803c0 .9986149.2380798 1.033608 1.1530183 1.033608h2.0319111c1.0439911 0 1.5379511-.356492 1.6478683-1.74702926h.5126504l-.0551811 2.58511336h-7.3039327z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path><path d="m89.2335734.83808413h-1.2624905c-1.4462793 0-1.8672578.44572428-1.97762 1.74834147h-.5122054l.0734265-2.5864256h9.3718895l.0734265 2.63935263h-.5122054c0-1.37304075-.5856318-1.8012685-1.9958653-1.8012685h-1.2446902v11.16191587h-2.0136657z" class="style-scope primary-nav"></path> </g> </svg> </a>  </div> <media-menu class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope media-menu-1"> <div class="media-menu-container closed style-scope media-menu"> <div class="overflow-clip style-scope media-menu"> <nav class="media-menu-inner style-scope media-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="menu-group style-scope media-menu">  <media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="web"> <a class="menu-item web style-scope media-button" href="https://web.archive.org" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuWeb" title="Expand web menu">  <span class="icon style-scope media-button">  <svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="webTitleID webDescID" class="style-scope media-button"> <title id="webTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Web icon</title> <desc id="webDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of a computer application window</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m8 28.7585405v-8.1608108-9.3577297h24v9.3577297 8.1608108zm14.2702703-15.8863783h-12.43243246v2.6114594h12.43243246zm7.7837838 14.0365946v-7.0727027-1.8497838h-20.21621626v1.8497838 7.0727027zm-3.7837838-14.0365946h-2.7027027v2.6114594h2.7027027zm4 0h-2.7027027v2.6114594h2.7027027z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="label style-scope media-button">Wayback Machine</span> </a> </media-button>  <media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="texts"> <a class="menu-item texts style-scope media-button" href="/details/texts" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuTexts" title="Expand texts menu">  <span class="icon style-scope media-button">  <svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="textsTitleID textsDescID" class="style-scope media-button"> <title id="textsTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Texts icon</title> <desc id="textsDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of an open book.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m10.3323235 11.0007023h6.9060825c.8851083 0 1.5847122.3064258 2.0988114.9192774v14.4324451h-.6460032c-.1435563-.120323-.3528315-.2434552-.6278257-.3693964-.2749942-.1259413-.5201585-.2191097-.7354929-.2795053l-.3048241-.1081503h-5.7042647c-.3108832 0-.5621067-.0601615-.7536705-.1804846-.0717781-.0599274-.1256117-.1439663-.1615008-.2521166-.0358891-.1081502-.0598928-.2043619-.0720112-.2886348v-13.8741368zm19.1752505 0v13.603761c-.0717781.3361555-.2211606.5943584-.4481473.7746089-.0717781.0599274-.1733862.1079162-.304824.1439663-.1314379.0360501-.2451643.0601615-.3411793.0723343h-5.5965975c-.9568865.2640552-1.5068748.5164059-1.649965.757052h-.6634817v-14.4324451c.5140992-.6128516 1.2076439-.9192774 2.0806339-.9192774h6.92426zm1.3814961.6489017-.1796783 15.2976474c-.0955489 0-1.0342578.0119386-2.8161268.035816-1.7818691.0238773-3.3006293.0898911-4.5562806.1980414-1.2556514.1081503-1.9613144.2884008-2.1169891.5407514-.0955488.1924233-.5439291.273419-1.345141.2429871-.8012118-.0304319-1.3155441-.1776755-1.5429969-.4417308-.334654-.3843783-3.4558378-.5765674-9.36355164-.5765674v-15.3875385l-.96830576.3960828v16.2702977c6.4096947-.2041278 9.7760429-.0840388 10.0990445.3602669.2391051.276228.9864833.414342 2.2421347.414342.1915638 0 .4187835-.0210682.6816593-.0632047s.4810068-.0870821.6543929-.1348367c.1733862-.0477547.2719646-.0838048.2957353-.1081503.0838965-.1563732.9599161-.2675666 2.6280587-.3335805 1.6681426-.0660138 3.3213703-.0931684 4.9596831-.0814638l2.4392915.0182591v-16.2344816z"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="label style-scope media-button">Texts</span> </a> </media-button>  <media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="video"> <a class="menu-item video style-scope media-button" href="/details/movies" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuVideo" title="Expand video menu">  <span class="icon style-scope media-button">  <svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="videoTitleID videoDescID" class="style-scope media-button"> <title id="videoTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Video icon</title> <desc id="videoDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of two cells of a film strip.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m31.0117647 12.0677966c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711864-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711864-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711865-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.3898305c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711864-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711865-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.2711865-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.2823529-.6779661.7058823-.6779661h1.2705883c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm-4.0941176-10.440678c0 .5423729-.4235295.9491525-.9882353.9491525h-11.5764706c-.5647059 0-.9882353-.4067796-.9882353-.9491525v-6.9152542c0-.5423729.4235294-.9491526.9882353-.9491526h11.5764706c.5647058 0 .9882353.4067797.9882353.9491526zm-.1411765 11.2542373c0 .5423729-.4235294.9491525-.9882353.9491525h-11.5764706c-.5647059 0-.9882353-.4067796-.9882353-.9491525v-6.9152542c0-.5423729.4235294-.9491526.9882353-.9491526h11.5764706c.5647059 0 .9882353.4067797.9882353.9491526zm-14.9647059-17.220339c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711864-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711864-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711865-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.3898305c0 .4067797-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711864-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711865-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm0 3.2542373c0 .4067796-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.2711865-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661zm20.0470588-20.4745763h-.8470588v.27118644.6779661c0 .40677966-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.2705883c-.4235294 0-.7058823-.27118644-.7058823-.6779661v-.6779661-.27118644h-16.5176471v.27118644.6779661c0 .40677966-.2823529.6779661-.7058823.6779661h-1.27058828c-.42352941 0-.70588236-.27118644-.70588236-.6779661v-.6779661-.27118644h-1.12941176v24h1.12941176v-.2711864-.6779661c0-.4067797.28235295-.6779661.70588236-.6779661h1.27058828c.4235294 0 .7058823.2711864.7058823.6779661v.6779661.2711864h16.6588235v-.2711864-.6779661c0-.4067797.282353-.6779661.7058824-.6779661h1.2705882c.4235294 0 .7058824.2711864.7058824.6779661v.6779661.2711864h.8470588v-24z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="label style-scope media-button">Video</span> </a> </media-button>  <media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="audio"> <a class="menu-item audio style-scope media-button" href="/details/audio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuAudio" title="Expand audio menu">  <span class="icon style-scope media-button">  <svg width="40px" height="40px" viewBox="0 0 40 40" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="audioTitleID audioDescID" class="style-scope media-button"> <title id="audioTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Audio icon</title> <desc id="audioDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of an audio speaker.</desc> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" class="style-scope media-button"> <g transform="translate(10, 8)" class="fill-color style-scope media-button"> <path d="M19.4264564,11.8585048 L19.4264564,20.7200433 C19.4264564,22.3657576 18.8838179,23.2519114 16.8489237,23.2519114 C12.2364969,23.125318 7.75972977,23.125318 3.14730298,23.2519114 C1.24806842,23.2519114 0.569770368,22.492351 0.569770368,20.7200433 L0.569770368,2.74377955 C0.569770368,1.09806526 1.11240881,0.211911416 3.14730298,0.211911416 C7.75972977,0.338504822 12.2364969,0.338504822 16.8489237,0.211911416 C18.7481583,0.211911416 19.4264564,0.971471855 19.4264564,2.74377955 C19.2907967,5.78202131 19.4264564,8.82026306 19.4264564,11.8585048 L19.4264564,11.8585048 Z M10.0659432,2.74377955 C8.16670861,2.74377955 6.67445288,4.13630702 6.67445288,5.90861471 C6.67445288,7.6809224 8.16670861,9.07344988 10.0659432,9.07344988 C11.9651777,9.07344988 13.4574335,7.6809224 13.4574335,5.90861471 C13.4574335,4.13630702 11.8295181,2.74377955 10.0659432,2.74377955 L10.0659432,2.74377955 Z M10.0659432,11.4787246 C7.21709133,11.4787246 5.04653754,13.6308125 5.04653754,16.1626806 C5.04653754,18.8211422 7.35275094,20.8466367 10.0659432,20.8466367 C12.914795,20.8466367 15.0853488,18.6945488 15.0853488,16.1626806 C15.0853488,13.6308125 12.7791354,11.4787246 10.0659432,11.4787246 L10.0659432,11.4787246 Z" class="style-scope media-button"></path> <ellipse cx="10.2016028" cy="16.5690777" rx="1.35659611" ry="1.34075134" class="style-scope media-button"></ellipse> </g> </g> </svg> </span> <span class="label style-scope media-button">Audio</span> </a> </media-button>  <media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="software"> <a class="menu-item software style-scope media-button" href="/details/software" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuSoftware" title="Expand software menu">  <span class="icon style-scope media-button">  <svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="softwareTitleID softwareDescID" class="style-scope media-button"> <title id="softwareTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Software icon</title> <desc id="softwareDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of a 3.5" floppy disk.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m32 30.6900373v-21.44521088c0-.82988428-.4156786-1.24482642-1.2470357-1.24482642h-21.50592858c-.83135715 0-1.24703572.4221795-1.24703572 1.26653851v21.44521089c0 .8588337.41567857 1.2882506 1.24703572 1.2882506h21.48327168c.8458575 0 1.2687863-.4366542 1.2687863-1.3099627zm-5.9950155-20.4410268v6.114667c0 .6694561-.3428744 1.0041841-1.0286232 1.0041841h-10.1294464c-.2622159 0-.4773054-.0802141-.6452685-.2406423s-.2519447-.3642806-.2519447-.6115572v-6.1363791l.0217506-.1311772h12.0326259zm-4.9437353.8295827v5.0010178h3.0405558v-5.0010178zm-9.7134658 18.8035735v-7.753025c0-.5241057.1604108-.9025595.4812325-1.1353613.1897138-.1453504.4011782-.2180256.6343932-.2180256h14.7451099c.3208217 0 .5905898.1091636.8093044.3274907s.3280719.5023936.3280719.8521995v7.8181612l-.0217506.1094652h-16.9772676z"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="label style-scope media-button">Software</span> </a> </media-button>  <media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="images"> <a class="menu-item images style-scope media-button" href="/details/image" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuImages" title="Expand images menu">  <span class="icon style-scope media-button">  <svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="imagesTitleID imagesDescID" class="style-scope media-button"> <title id="imagesTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Images icon</title> <desc id="imagesDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of two photographs.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m20.8219178 15.3769871c0 1.1136708-.8767123 1.8932404-1.8630137 1.8932404s-1.9726027-.8909367-1.9726027-1.8932404c0-1.0023038.8767123-1.8932404 1.9726027-1.8932404.9863014 0 1.8630137.8909366 1.8630137 1.8932404zm-5.9178082-3.7864808h15.4520548v6.0138225l-1.9726028-3.3410125-2.6301369 6.3479237-2.1917809-2.67281-6.1369863 5.1228859h-2.5205479zm-1.7534247-1.6705063v14.9231892h18.8493151v-14.9231892zm-2.9589041 7.2388604c.2191781 0 1.9726028-.3341012 1.9726028-.3341012v-2.0046075l-4.1643836.5568354c.43835616 4.7887846.87671233 9.9116704 1.31506849 14.700455 6.02739731-.5568354 13.26027401-1.5591391 19.39726031-2.1159746-.1095891-.5568354-.1095891-2.0046075-.2191781-2.67281-.4383562.1113671-1.4246575 0-1.8630137.1113671v.8909367c-5.1506849.4454683-10.3013699 1.1136708-15.4520548 1.6705062.109589-.111367-.5479452-7.0161262-.9863014-10.8026071z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="label style-scope media-button">Images</span> </a> </media-button>  <media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="donate"> <a class="menu-item donate style-scope media-button" href="/donate/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuDonate" title="Expand donate menu">  <span class="icon style-scope media-button">  <svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="donateTitleID donateDescID" class="style-scope media-button"> <title id="donateTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Donate icon</title> <desc id="donateDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of a heart shape</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m30.0120362 11.0857287c-1.2990268-1.12627221-2.8599641-1.65258786-4.682812-1.57894699-.8253588.02475323-1.7674318.3849128-2.8262192 1.08047869-1.0587873.6955659-1.89622 1.5724492-2.512298 2.63065-.591311-1.0588196-1.4194561-1.9357029-2.4844351-2.63065-1.0649791-.69494706-2.0039563-1.05510663-2.8169316-1.08047869-1.2067699-.04950647-2.318187.17203498-3.3342513.66462439-1.0160643.4925893-1.82594378 1.2002224-2.42963831 2.1228992-.60369453.9226769-.91173353 1.9629315-.92411701 3.1207641-.03715043 1.9202322.70183359 3.7665141 2.21695202 5.5388457 1.2067699 1.4035084 2.912594 3.1606786 5.1174721 5.2715107 2.2048782 2.1108321 3.7565279 3.5356901 4.6549492 4.2745742.8253588-.6646243 2.355647-2.0647292 4.5908647-4.2003145s3.9747867-3.9171994 5.218707-5.3448422c1.502735-1.7723316 2.2355273-3.6186135 2.1983769-5.5388457-.0256957-1.7608832-.6875926-3.2039968-1.9866194-4.3302689z"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="label style-scope media-button">Donate</span> </a> </media-button>  <media-button class="style-scope media-menu x-scope media-button-1" data-mediatype="more"> <a class="menu-item more style-scope media-button" href="/about/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMenuMore" title="Expand more menu">  <span class="icon style-scope media-button">  <svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="ellipsesTitleID ellipsesDescID" class="style-scope media-button"> <title id="ellipsesTitleID" class="style-scope media-button">Ellipses icon</title> <desc id="ellipsesDescID" class="style-scope media-button">An illustration of text ellipses.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope media-button" d="m10.5 17.5c1.3807119 0 2.5 1.1192881 2.5 2.5s-1.1192881 2.5-2.5 2.5c-1.38071187 0-2.5-1.1192881-2.5-2.5s1.11928813-2.5 2.5-2.5zm9.5 0c1.3807119 0 2.5 1.1192881 2.5 2.5s-1.1192881 2.5-2.5 2.5-2.5-1.1192881-2.5-2.5 1.1192881-2.5 2.5-2.5zm9.5 0c1.3807119 0 2.5 1.1192881 2.5 2.5s-1.1192881 2.5-2.5 2.5-2.5-1.1192881-2.5-2.5 1.1192881-2.5 2.5-2.5z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </span> <span class="label style-scope media-button">More</span> </a> </media-button>  </div> </nav> </div> </div> </media-menu> <div class="right-side-section style-scope primary-nav">  <a class="mobile-donate-link style-scope primary-nav" href="/donate/?origin=iawww-mbhrt">  <svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="donateTitleID donateDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav"> <title id="donateTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Donate icon</title> <desc id="donateDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">An illustration of a heart shape</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope primary-nav" d="m32.6,8.12c-1.57,-1.51 -3.46,-2.21 -5.65,-2.11c-1,0.03 -2.14,0.51 -3.42,1.44c-1.28,0.92 -2.28,2.09 -3.03,3.51c-0.71,-1.41 -1.72,-2.59 -3,-3.51c-1.29,-0.93 -2.43,-1.41 -3.41,-1.44c-1.46,-0.07 -2.8,0.23 -4.02,0.88c-1.23,0.65 -2.21,1.6 -2.94,2.83c-0.74,1.24 -1.11,2.63 -1.12,4.17c-0.05,2.56 0.85,5.01 2.68,7.37c1.46,1.88 3.52,4.21 6.19,7.04c2.66,2.81 4.53,4.71 5.62,5.69c1,-0.88 2.85,-2.75 5.55,-5.6s4.81,-5.23 6.31,-7.13c1.81,-2.36 2.71,-4.81 2.66,-7.37c-0.04,-2.35 -0.83,-4.28 -2.4,-5.77z"></path> </svg> <span class="sr-only style-scope primary-nav">"Donate to the archive"</span> </a> <div class="user-info style-scope primary-nav">  <login-button class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope login-button-1"> <div class="logged-out-toolbar style-scope login-button"> <a class="dropdown-toggle style-scope login-button" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavLoginIcon">  <svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="userTitleID userDescID" class="style-scope login-button"> <title id="userTitleID" class="style-scope login-button">User icon</title> <desc id="userDescID" class="style-scope login-button">An illustration of a person's head and chest.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope login-button" d="m20.7130435 18.0434783c-3.5658385 0-6.4565218-2.9198821-6.4565218-6.5217392 0-3.60185703 2.8906833-6.5217391 6.4565218-6.5217391s6.4565217 2.91988207 6.4565217 6.5217391c0 3.6018571-2.8906832 6.5217392-6.4565217 6.5217392zm-12.9130435 16.9565217c0-7.9240855 5.7813665-14.3478261 12.9130435-14.3478261s12.9130435 6.4237406 12.9130435 14.3478261z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </a> <span class="style-scope login-button"> <a class="style-scope login-button" href="/account/signup">Sign up</a> | <a class="style-scope login-button" href="/account/login">Log in</a> </span> </div> </login-button> </div>  <a class="upload style-scope primary-nav" href="/create">  <svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="uploadTitleID uploadDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav"> <title id="uploadTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Upload icon</title> <desc id="uploadDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">An illustration of a horizontal line over an up pointing arrow.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope primary-nav" d="m20 12.8 8 10.4h-4.8v8.8h-6.4v-8.8h-4.8zm12-4.8v3.2h-24v-3.2z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> <span class="style-scope primary-nav">Upload</span> </a>  <button class="search-trigger style-scope primary-nav" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavSearchOpen">  <svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="searchTitleID searchDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav"> <title id="searchTitleID" class="style-scope primary-nav">Search icon</title> <desc id="searchDescID" class="style-scope primary-nav">An illustration of a magnifying glass.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope primary-nav" d="m32.4526364 29.8875889-8.1719472-7.9751279c1.1046135-1.4876138 1.7652549-3.3102407 1.7652549-5.2846451 0-.101185-.0142895-.1981539-.030573-.2944743.0166158-.0976175.0309053-.196208.0309053-.2990145 0-4.9814145-4.152935-9.0343271-9.2572866-9.0343271-.0907218 0-.1781206.01394537-.2655193.02594487-.0880633-.0119995-.1747974-.02594487-.2655193-.02594487-5.1046839 0-9.25761889 4.0529126-9.25761889 9.0343271 0 .1011849.01395722.1981539.03057294.2947985-.01694804.0976176-.03090525.1958838-.03090525.2986903 0 4.9814145 4.1526027 9.0346514 9.2572866 9.0346514.0907218 0 .1777882-.0139454.2658516-.0262692.0873987.0123238.1741328.0262692.265187.0262692 1.7306942 0 3.3467399-.4747911 4.7338208-1.2852439l8.2882574 8.0886366c.3652137.3564177.843082.53414 1.3212826.53414.4782007 0 .9567336-.1780467 1.3212827-.53414.7294304-.7118622.7294304-1.8660845-.0003323-2.5782711zm-15.9526364-7.8875889c-.0832667-.0118703-.1652765-.0253024-.2513711-.0253024-2.8781993 0-5.2197212-2.3278242-5.2197212-5.1891862 0-.0974612-.013197-.1908615-.0289077-.2836371.0160249-.0940251.0292219-.1889874.0292219-.2880105 0-2.861362 2.3418361-5.1891861 5.2200354-5.1891861.0854662 0 .1677902-.0131198.2510569-.0246777.0826383.0115579.1649623.0246777.2510569.0246777 2.8781993 0 5.2197212 2.3278241 5.2197212 5.1891861 0 .0974612.0135112.1908616.0289077.2839496-.0157107.0940251-.0295361.1886749-.0295361.287698 0 2.861362-2.3415219 5.1891862-5.2197212 5.1891862-.0860946 0-.1684187.0134321-.2507427.0253024z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </button> <nav-search class="style-scope primary-nav x-scope nav-search-1"> <div class="search-activated fade-in search-inactive style-scope nav-search"> <form id="nav-search" class="highlight style-scope nav-search" method="get" action="/search" data-event-submit-tracking="TopNav|NavSearchSubmit"> <input type="text" name="query" class="search-field style-scope nav-search" placeholder="Search" autocomplete="off" value="">  <button type="submit" class="search style-scope nav-search" tabindex="-1" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavSearchClose">  <svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="searchTitleID searchDescID" class="style-scope nav-search"> <title id="searchTitleID" class="style-scope nav-search">Search icon</title> <desc id="searchDescID" class="style-scope nav-search">An illustration of a magnifying glass.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope nav-search" d="m32.4526364 29.8875889-8.1719472-7.9751279c1.1046135-1.4876138 1.7652549-3.3102407 1.7652549-5.2846451 0-.101185-.0142895-.1981539-.030573-.2944743.0166158-.0976175.0309053-.196208.0309053-.2990145 0-4.9814145-4.152935-9.0343271-9.2572866-9.0343271-.0907218 0-.1781206.01394537-.2655193.02594487-.0880633-.0119995-.1747974-.02594487-.2655193-.02594487-5.1046839 0-9.25761889 4.0529126-9.25761889 9.0343271 0 .1011849.01395722.1981539.03057294.2947985-.01694804.0976176-.03090525.1958838-.03090525.2986903 0 4.9814145 4.1526027 9.0346514 9.2572866 9.0346514.0907218 0 .1777882-.0139454.2658516-.0262692.0873987.0123238.1741328.0262692.265187.0262692 1.7306942 0 3.3467399-.4747911 4.7338208-1.2852439l8.2882574 8.0886366c.3652137.3564177.843082.53414 1.3212826.53414.4782007 0 .9567336-.1780467 1.3212827-.53414.7294304-.7118622.7294304-1.8660845-.0003323-2.5782711zm-15.9526364-7.8875889c-.0832667-.0118703-.1652765-.0253024-.2513711-.0253024-2.8781993 0-5.2197212-2.3278242-5.2197212-5.1891862 0-.0974612-.013197-.1908615-.0289077-.2836371.0160249-.0940251.0292219-.1889874.0292219-.2880105 0-2.861362 2.3418361-5.1891861 5.2200354-5.1891861.0854662 0 .1677902-.0131198.2510569-.0246777.0826383.0115579.1649623.0246777.2510569.0246777 2.8781993 0 5.2197212 2.3278241 5.2197212 5.1891861 0 .0974612.0135112.1908616.0289077.2839496-.0157107.0940251-.0295361.1886749-.0295361.287698 0 2.861362-2.3415219 5.1891862-5.2197212 5.1891862-.0860946 0-.1684187.0134321-.2507427.0253024z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </button> </form> </div> </nav-search> </div> </nav> </primary-nav> <media-slider class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope media-slider-1" tabindex="-1"> <div class="media-slider-container style-scope media-slider"> <div class="overflow-clip closed style-scope media-slider"> <div class="information-menu closed style-scope media-slider"> <div class="info-box style-scope media-slider"> <media-subnav menu="audio" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"> <h3 class="style-scope media-subnav">Internet Archive Audio</h3> <div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">  <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/etree" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|LiveMusicArchiveAudio"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/etree">Live Music Archive</a>  <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/librivoxaudio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|LibrivoxFreeAudioAudio"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/librivoxaudio">Librivox Free Audio</a>  </div> <div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav">  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/audio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllAudioAudio">All Audio</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/GratefulDead" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|GratefulDeadAudio">Grateful Dead</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/netlabels" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NetlabelsAudio">Netlabels</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/oldtimeradio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OldTimeRadioAudio">Old Time Radio</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/78rpm" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|78RPMsAndCylinderRecordingsAudio">78 RPMs and Cylinder Recordings</a></li>  </ul> </div> <div class="links top style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav">  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/audio_bookspoetry" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AudioBooks&PoetryAudio">Audio Books & Poetry</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/audio_tech" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Computers,TechnologyAndScienceAudio">Computers, Technology and Science</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/audio_music" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Music,Arts&CultureAudio">Music, Arts & Culture</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/audio_news" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|News&PublicAffairsAudio">News & Public Affairs</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/audio_religion" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Spirituality&ReligionAudio">Spirituality & Religion</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/podcasts" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|PodcastsAudio">Podcasts</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/radio" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|RadioNewsArchiveAudio">Radio News Archive</a></li>  </ul> </div> </media-subnav> <media-subnav menu="images" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"> <h3 class="style-scope media-subnav">Images</h3> <div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">  <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/metropolitanmuseumofart-gallery" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MetropolitanMuseumImages"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/metropolitanmuseumofart-gallery">Metropolitan Museum</a>  <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/clevelandart" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ClevelandMuseumOfArtImages"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/clevelandart">Cleveland Museum of Art</a>  </div> <div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav">  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/image" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllImagesImages">All Images</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/flickrcommons" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|FlickrCommonsImages">Flickr Commons</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/flickr-ows" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OccupyWallStreetFlickrImages">Occupy Wall Street Flickr</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/coverartarchive" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CoverArtImages">Cover Art</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/maps_usgs" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|USGSMapsImages">USGS Maps</a></li>  </ul> </div> <div class="links top style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav">  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/nasa" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NASAImagesImages">NASA Images</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/solarsystemcollection" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SolarSystemCollectionImages">Solar System Collection</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/amesresearchcenterimagelibrary" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AmesResearchCenterImages">Ames Research Center</a></li>  </ul> </div> </media-subnav> <media-subnav menu="software" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"> <h3 class="style-scope media-subnav">Software</h3> <div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">  <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/internetarcade" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|InternetArcadeSoftware"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/internetarcade">Internet Arcade</a>  <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/consolelivingroom" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ConsoleLivingRoomSoftware"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/consolelivingroom">Console Living Room</a>  </div> <div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav">  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/software" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllSoftwareSoftware">All Software</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/tosec" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OldSchoolEmulationSoftware">Old School Emulation</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/softwarelibrary_msdos_games" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MS-DOSGamesSoftware">MS-DOS Games</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/historicalsoftware" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|HistoricalSoftwareSoftware">Historical Software</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/classicpcgames" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ClassicPCGamesSoftware">Classic PC Games</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/softwarelibrary" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SoftwareLibrarySoftware">Software Library</a></li>  </ul> </div> <div class="links top style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav">  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/kodi_archive" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|KodiArchiveAndSupportFileSoftware">Kodi Archive and Support File</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/vintagesoftware" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|VintageSoftwareSoftware">Vintage Software</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/apkarchive" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|APKSoftware">APK</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/softwarelibrary_msdos" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MS-DOSSoftware">MS-DOS</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/cd-roms" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CD-ROMSoftwareSoftware">CD-ROM Software</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/cdromsoftware" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CD-ROMSoftwareLibrarySoftware">CD-ROM Software Library</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/softwaresites" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SoftwareSitesSoftware">Software Sites</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/tucows" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TucowsSoftwareLibrarySoftware">Tucows Software Library</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/cdbbsarchive" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SharewareCD-ROMsSoftware">Shareware CD-ROMs</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/softwarecapsules" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SoftwareCapsulesCompilationSoftware">Software Capsules Compilation</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/cdromimages" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CD-ROMImagesSoftware">CD-ROM Images</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/softwarelibrary_zx_spectrum" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ZXSpectrumSoftware">ZX Spectrum</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/doom-cds" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|DOOMLevelCDSoftware">DOOM Level CD</a></li>  </ul> </div> </media-subnav> <media-subnav menu="texts" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"> <h3 class="style-scope media-subnav">Texts</h3> <div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">  <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="https://openlibrary.org/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OpenLibraryTexts"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/images/widgetOL.png">Open Library</a>  <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/americana" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AmericanLibrariesTexts"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/americana">American Libraries</a>  </div> <div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav">  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/texts" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllTextsTexts">All Texts</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/smithsonian" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SmithsonianLibrariesTexts">Smithsonian Libraries</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/fedlink" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|FEDLINK(US)Texts">FEDLINK (US)</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/genealogy" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|GenealogyTexts">Genealogy</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/lincolncollection" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|LincolnCollectionTexts">Lincoln Collection</a></li>  </ul> </div> <div class="links top style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav">  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/americana" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AmericanLibrariesTexts">American Libraries</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/toronto" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|CanadianLibrariesTexts">Canadian Libraries</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/universallibrary" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|UniversalLibraryTexts">Universal Library</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/gutenberg" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ProjectGutenbergTexts">Project Gutenberg</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/iacl" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Children'sLibraryTexts">Children's Library</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/biodiversity" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|BiodiversityHeritageLibraryTexts">Biodiversity Heritage Library</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/booksbylanguage" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|BooksByLanguageTexts">Books by Language</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/additional_collections" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AdditionalCollectionsTexts">Additional Collections</a></li>  </ul> </div> </media-subnav> <media-subnav menu="video" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"> <h3 class="style-scope media-subnav">Video</h3> <div class="icon-links style-scope media-subnav">  <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/tv" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TVNewsVideo"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/tv">TV News</a>  <a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/911" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Understanding9/11Video"><img loading="lazy" class="style-scope media-subnav" src="/services/img/911">Understanding 9/11</a>  </div> <div class="links featured style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Featured</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav">  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/movies" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|AllVideoVideo">All Video</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/prelinger" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|PrelingerArchivesVideo">Prelinger Archives</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/democracy_now_vid" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|DemocracyNow!Video">Democracy Now!</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/occupywallstreet" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|OccupyWallStreetVideo">Occupy Wall Street</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/nsa" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TVNSAClipLibraryVideo">TV NSA Clip Library</a></li>  </ul> </div> <div class="links top style-scope media-subnav"> <h4 class="style-scope media-subnav">Top</h4> <ul class="style-scope media-subnav">  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/animationandcartoons" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Animation&CartoonsVideo">Animation & Cartoons</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/artsandmusicvideos" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Arts&MusicVideo">Arts & Music</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/computersandtechvideos" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Computers&TechnologyVideo">Computers & Technology</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/culturalandacademicfilms" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Cultural&AcademicFilmsVideo">Cultural & Academic Films</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/ephemera" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|EphemeralFilmsVideo">Ephemeral Films</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/moviesandfilms" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|MoviesVideo">Movies</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/newsandpublicaffairs" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|News&PublicAffairsVideo">News & Public Affairs</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/spiritualityandreligion" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|Spirituality&ReligionVideo">Spirituality & Religion</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/sports" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|SportsVideosVideo">Sports Videos</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/television" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|TelevisionVideo">Television</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/gamevideos" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|VideogameVideosVideo">Videogame Videos</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/vlogs" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|VlogsVideo">Vlogs</a></li>  <li class="style-scope media-subnav"><a class="style-scope media-subnav" href="/details/youth_media" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|YouthMediaVideo">Youth Media</a></li>  </ul> </div> </media-subnav> <media-subnav menu="web" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"> <wayback-slider class="style-scope media-subnav x-scope wayback-slider-1"> <div class="grid style-scope wayback-slider"> <wayback-search class="style-scope wayback-slider x-scope wayback-search-1" waybackpagesarchived="916 billion"> <form action="" method="post" class="style-scope wayback-search"> <p class="style-scope wayback-search"> Search the history of over 916 billion <a data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackMachineStatsLink" href="https://blog.archive.org/2016/10/23/defining-web-pages-web-sites-and-web-captures/" class="style-scope wayback-search">web pages</a> on the Internet. </p> <fieldset class="style-scope wayback-search"> <a data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackMachineLogoLink" href="https://web.archive.org" class="style-scope wayback-search"> <svg height="55" viewBox="0 0 205 55" width="205" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="style-scope wayback-search"><g fill="none" class="style-scope wayback-search"><path d="m41.5442526 5.47625158v36.05869762s-.0825635.8039669.6808836.8039669c.7634442 0 .5779563-.8039669.5779563-.8039669v-36.05869762h5.4674088l.0001982 44.76728562c.0070059.1547261.1602174 4.7191467-6.1484876 4.7191467-6.1999371 0-6.1018528-4.697561-6.0880787-5.0160398l.0008628-1.7899844h5.5092566l.0006247 1.8215446c.0064131.111431.0698016.5292973.6598981.5292973.6808836 0 .5564693-.5981684.5564693-.5981684v-4.3726361s-.9489378 1.6294184-3.4044061 1.2370455c-2.4554712-.39237-2.8060919-1.8148639-2.9712219-2.4967105-.1651328-.6795829-.2680542-1.174855-.2680542-2.0625 0-.8599178-.0383122-34.61864321-.0406109-36.64339281l-.0001077-.09488771zm30.6351382 1.09344342c6.9117365 0 6.7805382 5.4445918 6.7805382 5.4445918v39.5210721h-5.7365952v-1.1522413s-2.086754 2.4978424-5.1507198.8955592c-3.0650979-1.6011513-2.5436924-5.1879097-2.5436924-5.1879097l.0000351-8.8028589c.0025794-.2398669.0684122-2.0251881 1.4352444-3.3674745 1.4669498-1.4405832 3.4553051-1.2178245 3.4553051-1.2178245h2.5425603v-20.4327721s-.0656021-.8966882-.7170766-.8966882c-.6526037 0-.6854033.9566179-.6854033.9566179v16.080489h-6.030665l-.0005626-16.2852138c-.0087587-.3366877-.0366527-5.555347 6.6510318-5.555347zm28.5031432-6.569695v31.41468l.711418.0192211c.593792 0 .593792-.4941403.593792-.4941403v-24.86759869h5.897202v21.90049339s.079171 1.404399-.791723 2.512539c-.870895 1.1081429-1.820962 1.1477197-1.820962 1.1477197s.989654.3946337 1.860548 1.4439758c.870894 1.0482132.791724 2.4921889.791724 2.4921889v14.4024477h-5.936789l-.000309-13.3243353c-.002165-.043998-.019484-.2297601-.158037-.3860879-.158343-.1775284-.277102-.1775284-.277102-.1775284h-.890123v13.8879516h-5.8180296v-49.9715266zm-14.2340414 8.02384579c5.9675612 0 6.2060902 4.59291681 6.2148001 5.06804611l.0002664 15.2041578h-5.556805v-15.4269123s-.0531603-.5009227-.6062332-.5009227c-.5519582 0-.5790885.42064-.5790885.42064v32.2254321s.079173.4477782.6582614.4477782c.4900102 0 .5467595-.3205986.552623-.4192443l.00045-8.2163433h5.4775891l.000339 7.8754281c.0126595.1654646.3391417 5.1294029-6.0570166 5.1294029-6.504565 0-6.1358477-5.1867779-6.1358477-5.1867779l-.0006428-31.5032204c-.0096883-.3249184-.0495263-5.11746431 6.0313048-5.11746431zm-73.7580006-5.70016816v42.49270187h.5575988s.2081099.2374581.5010473-.0554082.1956685-.3901121.1956685-.3901121v-42.04605262l5.7004019.00115789.0007682 41.01721663c.015678.1470376.248026 2.5994908-1.4903372 4.3374305-1.792686 1.7922473-4.4053704 1.6101973-4.4053704 1.6101973h-7.83579091s-2.61381542.18205-4.40650134-1.6101973c-1.79268592-1.7922503-1.48843833-4.344369-1.48843833-4.344369v-41.01027813l5.69927118-.00115789v42.04605262s-.09726862.0972458.19566849.3901121c.29293741.2928663.50217829.0554082.50217829.0554082h.55646783v-42.49270187zm44.8442957-.59701342s2.8128759.11081342 4.2515488 1.54913579 1.3572386 4.52302632 1.3572386 4.52302632v20.17269738s.1085791 1.6825658-.8324397 2.4967105c-.9410187.8141447-1.5743967.9950658-1.5743967.9950658s1.0495978.5789474 1.6105898 1.3026316c.5609919.7236842.7419571 1.3930921.7419571 2.3881579l.0007115 7.6426204c.0126941.1435677.1783816 2.2493941-.8874408 3.6468533-1.1038873 1.4473684-2.4430294 2.1348684-5.2298927 2.1348684h-6.4604558v-46.85176739zm14.5337626 35.74095399s-.1673942-.0203558-.3777654.1843136c-.2092421.2069274-.1459043.3301795-.1459043.3301795v8.4524058s.1673942.4523026.7329089.4523026c.5643854 0 .648084-.4523026.648084-.4523026v-8.9465489zm-44.3104484-34.72101373c5.9643432 0 6.16707 4.5349604 6.1720848 5.00409423l-.0000412 36.6461958h-5.2231058v-1.0674342s-1.8990049 2.3135258-4.6881295.8299731c-2.7891246-1.4824208-2.3140925-4.8057147-2.3140925-4.8057147l.0000416-8.1558683c.0025667-.229176.064831-1.8776574 1.3051717-3.1166422 1.3357486-1.3354261 3.1454001-1.1273669 3.1454001-1.1273669h2.3140896v-18.92660288s-.0588122-.831105-.6526037-.831105-.6232005.88538132-.6232005.88538132v14.89545606h-5.4888988l-.0005553-15.08585244c-.0080458-.3266358-.0237133-5.14451389 6.0538395-5.14451389zm28.932117 33.13115253-.4776089-.0000064v8.3947599h.705764c.5067025 0 .560992-.7236842.560992-.7236842v-6.712171c0-.9769737-.7962466-.9589047-.7962466-.9589047zm-29.0339092-4.5105709s-.1526883-.0203529-.3438338.1707431c-.1900134.191099-.1323304.305305-.1323304.305305v7.8282282s.1515591.419511.6661776.419511c.5146186 0 .5915302-.419511.5915302-.419511v-8.2861842zm29.0087131-25.54039926c-.6808813 0-.5443092.01385177-.4995274.01731471l.0109215.0007774v25.52796055s1.3391421.1085526 1.3391421-1.3569079v-23.35690792s.1085791-.83223684-.8505362-.83223684z" fill="#ab2e33" class="style-scope wayback-search"></path><path d="m164.347608 2.25946661v7.4442539c.21729-.35229187 1.198489-1.67028746 3.735798-1.67028746 3.534354 0 3.281982 3.91684325 3.281982 3.91684325v39.9180342h-3.988173l-.000094-38.4191634c-.002249-.1296195-.058484-1.7498629-1.464346-1.7498629-1.087582 0-1.450864.5267465-1.565167 1.1683005v39.1020256h-4.190748v-49.71014369zm23.367699 5.4959617c3.58528 0 3.32838 3.94160559 3.32838 3.94160559v40.1712766h-4.045888l-.000761-38.6884533c-.008742-.2394578-.118025-1.7360686-1.484053-1.7360686-1.103423 0-1.471231.5301234-1.587799 1.1750516v39.3496435h-4.250729v-43.92154285h4.250729v1.38890288c.220685-.35566881 1.216596-1.68041542 3.790121-1.68041542zm11.392998-.52112204c6.124855 0 5.736674 5.39691513 5.736674 5.39691513v24.2844279h-7.17056l.000077 9.2728055c.001997 1.1852594.055922 2.3291557 1.511897 2.3291557 1.511974 0 1.588933-1.3483852 1.588933-1.3483852v-6.1679026h4.108134l-.00035 5.6892637c-.01289 1.7887967-.410235 4.8333128-5.736327 4.8333128-5.22451 0-5.490421-3.8596058-5.502952-4.1455025l-.000589-34.6706379s-.65866-5.47345253 5.465063-5.47345253zm-72.839588-6.23430627c4.55044 0 4.748706 4.49835393 4.756437 5.01739476l.000233 44.68489444h-4.246265l-.000015-45.39546442c-.001065-.11122824-.038841-1.27912478-1.155468-1.27912478-.689016 0-1.239407-.0003988-1.575847-.00072723l-.366181-.00042531v46.67574174h-4.288077v-46.69262361h-1.942025c-1.0608 0-1.147931 1.05402663-1.154906 1.2547936l-.00058 45.43783001h-4.296023l.000269-45.03840883c.008379-.46638804.223774-4.66388037 5.263374-4.66388037zm12.746531 4.73059864c5.939252 0 5.529572 4.80151166 5.529572 4.80151166v39.1864407h-3.791254v-1.7040541s-.748065 1.776088-2.920962 1.8481219-4.418224-.1913422-4.418224-3.9371049l.000537-10.0356421c.009666-.3007246.1911-3.4583326 3.548528-3.4583326h3.5253l-.000596-22.2422593c-.009853-.1121552-.157986-1.45801702-1.592862-1.45801702-1.497271 0-1.484813 1.94491522-1.484813 1.94491522v17.4051907h-3.99949l-.000952-17.7112484c-.014831-.304231-.125641-4.63952176 5.605216-4.63952176zm12.457944.74622797c5.704988 0 5.452616 4.56852529 5.452616 4.56852529v16.2188817h-3.836522v-16.7703934s-.202578-1.40578478-1.51537-1.40578478c-1.193447 0-1.427274 1.16180558-1.459925 1.37304298l-.004518.0327418v32.5368129c0 .9038006.353096 1.9584201 1.565167 1.9584201 1.212068 0 1.363719-1.3551363 1.363719-1.3551363v-9.239474h3.786725l.000848 7.3579585c.013087 2.5821014.10472 5.9480539-5.301813 5.9480539-5.604264 0-5.201371-4.7699955-5.201371-4.7699955l-.000475-31.3866454c-.017056-.171763-.453979-5.06700779 5.150919-5.06700779zm26.215101 3.66584829v37.0051649h-3.533221v-37.0051649zm-37.199548 25.1702202h-1.714552s-.530775.0720339-.917823.4558391c-.385924.3838082-.409681.9848389-.409681.9848389v8.5236357s.096195 1.56111 1.568559 1.56111c1.473497 0 1.473497-1.6095052 1.473497-1.6095052zm58.697648-25.2264959c-1.433886 0-1.511974 1.7344408-1.511974 1.7344408v21.9725922h3.100907v-22.1256642s-.155047-1.5813688-1.588933-1.5813688zm-23.264712-5.31700073c1.129455 0 2.045015.68657238 2.045015 1.53184407 0 .84639831-.91556 1.53184695-2.045015 1.53184695s-2.045012-.68544864-2.045012-1.53184695c0-.84527169.915557-1.53184407 2.045012-1.53184407z" fill="#211e1e" class="style-scope wayback-search"></path></g></svg> </a> <label for="url" class="style-scope wayback-search">Search the Wayback Machine</label> <div class="search-field style-scope wayback-search"> <input type="text" name="url" id="url" placeholder="enter URL or keywords" class="style-scope wayback-search">  <svg height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" width="40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="searchTitleID searchDescID" class="style-scope wayback-search"> <title id="searchTitleID" class="style-scope wayback-search">Search icon</title> <desc id="searchDescID" class="style-scope wayback-search">An illustration of a magnifying glass.</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope wayback-search" d="m32.4526364 29.8875889-8.1719472-7.9751279c1.1046135-1.4876138 1.7652549-3.3102407 1.7652549-5.2846451 0-.101185-.0142895-.1981539-.030573-.2944743.0166158-.0976175.0309053-.196208.0309053-.2990145 0-4.9814145-4.152935-9.0343271-9.2572866-9.0343271-.0907218 0-.1781206.01394537-.2655193.02594487-.0880633-.0119995-.1747974-.02594487-.2655193-.02594487-5.1046839 0-9.25761889 4.0529126-9.25761889 9.0343271 0 .1011849.01395722.1981539.03057294.2947985-.01694804.0976176-.03090525.1958838-.03090525.2986903 0 4.9814145 4.1526027 9.0346514 9.2572866 9.0346514.0907218 0 .1777882-.0139454.2658516-.0262692.0873987.0123238.1741328.0262692.265187.0262692 1.7306942 0 3.3467399-.4747911 4.7338208-1.2852439l8.2882574 8.0886366c.3652137.3564177.843082.53414 1.3212826.53414.4782007 0 .9567336-.1780467 1.3212827-.53414.7294304-.7118622.7294304-1.8660845-.0003323-2.5782711zm-15.9526364-7.8875889c-.0832667-.0118703-.1652765-.0253024-.2513711-.0253024-2.8781993 0-5.2197212-2.3278242-5.2197212-5.1891862 0-.0974612-.013197-.1908615-.0289077-.2836371.0160249-.0940251.0292219-.1889874.0292219-.2880105 0-2.861362 2.3418361-5.1891861 5.2200354-5.1891861.0854662 0 .1677902-.0131198.2510569-.0246777.0826383.0115579.1649623.0246777.2510569.0246777 2.8781993 0 5.2197212 2.3278241 5.2197212 5.1891861 0 .0974612.0135112.1908616.0289077.2839496-.0157107.0940251-.0295361.1886749-.0295361.287698 0 2.861362-2.3415219 5.1891862-5.2197212 5.1891862-.0860946 0-.1684187.0134321-.2507427.0253024z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path> </svg> </div> </fieldset> </form> </wayback-search> <div class="link-lists style-scope wayback-slider"> <div class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <h4 class="style-scope wayback-slider">Mobile Apps</h4> <ul class="mobile-apps style-scope wayback-slider"> <li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wayback-machine/id1201888313" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackWaybackMachine(iOS)" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Wayback Machine (iOS)</a> </li><li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.archive.waybackmachine&hl=en_US" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackWaybackMachine(Android)" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Wayback Machine (Android)</a> </li> </ul> <h4 class="style-scope wayback-slider">Browser Extensions</h4> <ul class="browser-extensions style-scope wayback-slider"> <li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/wayback-machine/fpnmgdkabkmnadcjpehmlllkndpkmiak" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackChrome" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Chrome</a> </li><li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/wayback-machine_new/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackFirefox" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Firefox</a> </li><li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wayback-machine/id1472432422?mt=12" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackSafari" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Safari</a> </li><li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://microsoftedge.microsoft.com/addons/detail/wayback-machine/kjmickeoogghaimmomagaghnogelpcpn?hl=en-US" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|WaybackEdge" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Edge</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <h4 class="style-scope wayback-slider">Archive-It Subscription</h4> <ul class="archive-it style-scope wayback-slider"> <li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://www.archive-it.org/explore" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ArchiveItExploreTheCollections" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Explore the Collections</a> </li><li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://www.archive-it.org/blog/learn-more/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ArchiveItLearnMore" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Learn More</a> </li><li class="style-scope wayback-slider"> <a class="style-scope wayback-slider" href="https://www.archive-it.org/contact-us" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|ArchiveItBuildCollections" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Build Collections</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <save-page-form class="style-scope wayback-slider x-scope save-page-form-1"> <form action="//web.archive.org/save" method="post" class="style-scope save-page-form" data-event-submit-tracking="TopNav|SavePageSubmit"> <h3 class="style-scope save-page-form">Save Page Now</h3> <p class="style-scope save-page-form">Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future.</p> <div class="style-scope save-page-form"> <input type="text" name="url_preload" placeholder="https://" class="style-scope save-page-form"> <input type="submit" value="Save" class="style-scope save-page-form"> </div> <p class="error style-scope save-page-form">Please enter a valid web address</p> </form> </save-page-form> </div> </wayback-slider></media-subnav> <media-subnav menu="more" class="hidden style-scope media-slider x-scope media-subnav-1"> <more-slider class="style-scope media-subnav x-scope more-slider-1"> <ul class="style-scope more-slider"> <li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="/about/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreAbout">About</a></li><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="https://blog.archive.org" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreBlog">Blog</a></li><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="/projects/" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreProjects">Projects</a></li><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="/about/faqs.php" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreHelp">Help</a></li><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="/donate?origin=iawww-TopNavDonateButton" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreDonate">Donate</a></li><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="/about/contact" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreContact">Contact</a></li><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="/about/jobs" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreJobs">Jobs</a></li><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="/about/volunteer-positions" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMoreVolunteer">Volunteer</a></li><li class="style-scope more-slider"><a class="style-scope more-slider" href="/about/bios" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavMorePeople">People</a></li> </ul> </more-slider></media-subnav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </media-slider> </div>  <signed-out-dropdown class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope signed-out-dropdown-1" tabindex="-1"> <div class="nav-container style-scope signed-out-dropdown"> <nav class="initial style-scope signed-out-dropdown" aria-hidden="true" aria-expanded="false"> <ul class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown">  <li class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown"><a class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown" href="/account/signup" tabindex="-1" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavAvatarMenu-Signup">  Sign up for free  </a></li>  <li class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown"><a class="style-scope signed-out-dropdown" href="/account/login" tabindex="-1" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavAvatarMenu-Login">  Log in  </a></li>  </ul> </nav> </div> </signed-out-dropdown> <search-menu class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope search-menu-1" tabindex="-1"> <div class="menu-wrapper style-scope search-menu"> <div class="search-menu-inner tx-slide closed style-scope search-menu" aria-hidden="true" aria-expanded="false">  <label class="style-scope search-menu"> <input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="" checked=""> Search metadata </label>  <label class="style-scope search-menu"> <input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="TXT"> Search text contents </label>  <label class="style-scope search-menu"> <input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="TV"> Search TV news captions </label>  <label class="style-scope search-menu"> <input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="RADIO"> Search radio transcripts </label>  <label class="style-scope search-menu"> <input form="nav-search" type="radio" name="sin" class="style-scope search-menu" value="WEB"> Search archived web sites </label>  <a class="advanced-search style-scope search-menu" href="/advancedsearch.php" data-event-click-tracking="TopNav|NavAdvancedSearch">Advanced Search</a> </div> </div> </search-menu> <desktop-subnav class="style-scope ia-topnav x-scope desktop-subnav-1"> <ul class="style-scope desktop-subnav">  <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="about style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/about/">About</a> </li>  <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="blog style-scope desktop-subnav" href="https://blog.archive.org">Blog</a> </li>  <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="projects style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/projects/">Projects</a> </li>  <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="help style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/about/faqs.php">Help</a> </li>  <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="donate style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/donate?origin=iawww-TopNavDonateButton">Donate <svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="donateTitleID donateDescID" class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <title id="donateTitleID" class="style-scope desktop-subnav">Donate icon</title> <desc id="donateDescID" class="style-scope desktop-subnav">An illustration of a heart shape</desc> <path class="fill-color style-scope desktop-subnav" d="m30.0120362 11.0857287c-1.2990268-1.12627221-2.8599641-1.65258786-4.682812-1.57894699-.8253588.02475323-1.7674318.3849128-2.8262192 1.08047869-1.0587873.6955659-1.89622 1.5724492-2.512298 2.63065-.591311-1.0588196-1.4194561-1.9357029-2.4844351-2.63065-1.0649791-.69494706-2.0039563-1.05510663-2.8169316-1.08047869-1.2067699-.04950647-2.318187.17203498-3.3342513.66462439-1.0160643.4925893-1.82594378 1.2002224-2.42963831 2.1228992-.60369453.9226769-.91173353 1.9629315-.92411701 3.1207641-.03715043 1.9202322.70183359 3.7665141 2.21695202 5.5388457 1.2067699 1.4035084 2.912594 3.1606786 5.1174721 5.2715107 2.2048782 2.1108321 3.7565279 3.5356901 4.6549492 4.2745742.8253588-.6646243 2.355647-2.0647292 4.5908647-4.2003145s3.9747867-3.9171994 5.218707-5.3448422c1.502735-1.7723316 2.2355273-3.6186135 2.1983769-5.5388457-.0256957-1.7608832-.6875926-3.2039968-1.9866194-4.3302689z"></path> </svg> </a> </li>  <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="contact style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/about/contact">Contact</a> </li>  <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="jobs style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/about/jobs">Jobs</a> </li>  <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="volunteer style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/about/volunteer-positions">Volunteer</a> </li>  <li class="style-scope desktop-subnav"> <a class="people style-scope desktop-subnav" href="/about/bios">People</a> </li>  </ul> </desktop-subnav> <div id="close-layer" class="style-scope ia-topnav"></div> </ia-topnav> </div> <input class="js-tvsearch" type="hidden" value='{"ands":[],"minday":"06/04/2009","maxday":"12/13/2024"}'/>  <main id="maincontent"> <div class="container container-ia">  </div> <style> body.navia.BRfullscreenActive #theatre-ia-wrap, ia-book-theater[viewportinfullscreen] { position: fixed; z-index: 1; top: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 100%; min-height: 100%; } #BookReader.fullscreenActive { position: fixed; height: 100%; } </style> <div id="theatre-ia-wrap" class="container container-ia width-max js-playset-list "> <link itemprop="url" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924022429322"> <link itemprop="image" href="https://archive.org/services/img/cu31924022429322"> <h1 class="sr-only"> My musical life and recollections </h1> <h2 class="sr-only"> Bookreader Item Preview </h2> <div id="theatre-ia" class="container width-max"> <div class="row"> <div class="xs-col-12"> <div id="theatre-controls"> <a href="/details/cu31924022429322/cu31924022429322" aria-label="Fullscreen view"><div title="fullscreen view" data-toggle="tooltip" data-container="body" data-placement="left" class="iconochive-fullscreen"></div></a> <a href="/details/cu31924022429322/cu31924022429322" aria-label="Search inside"><div title="search inside" data-toggle="tooltip" data-container="body" data-placement="left" class="iconochive-search"></div></a> </div> <noscript> <div class="alert alert-danger alert-dismissable" data-dismiss="alert"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-hidden="true"><span class="iconochive-remove-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">remove-circle</span></button> Internet Archive's in-browser bookreader "theater" requires JavaScript to be enabled. It appears your browser does not have it turned on. Please see your browser settings for this feature. </div> </noscript> <input class="js-ia-metadata" type="hidden" value='{"created":1734091043,"d1":"ia601307.us.archive.org","d2":"ia801307.us.archive.org","dir":"/14/items/cu31924022429322","files":[{"name":"__ia_thumb.jpg","source":"original","mtime":"1712000069","size":"18315","md5":"80aefda975320a078f35d8e8fca45337","crc32":"51efe39d","sha1":"e7618c2c6c8514e2fd0fdef7c462440a2fb38dd5","format":"Item Tile"},{"name":"cu31924022429322.djvu","source":"derivative","format":"DjVu","original":"cu31924022429322_djvu.xml","md5":"03ea383b07084670966989130dbfe42b","mtime":"1257781036","size":"3720463","crc32":"5f72dc9d","sha1":"3bb937108dfe40859d6b99f7ff604078fe1b3f3a"},{"name":"cu31924022429322.gif","source":"derivative","format":"Animated GIF","original":"cu31924022429322_jp2.zip","md5":"d4043cf57baf9331cff554c2ec128c30","mtime":"1257775354","size":"111576","crc32":"fdbf1687","sha1":"38caea1f2135b4acd3e19e7e194da11df7f8dc20"},{"name":"cu31924022429322.pdf","source":"derivative","format":"Text PDF","original":"cu31924022429322_djvu.xml","md5":"18255abfc0999fe545c96eddad8c10d4","mtime":"1257782332","size":"5645258","crc32":"4b4d6942","sha1":"7a62eb93d9803afd3b9603bc1176241958bd79db"},{"name":"cu31924022429322_abbyy.gz","source":"derivative","format":"Abbyy GZ","original":"cu31924022429322_jp2.zip","md5":"c9ab278cd68afcbee16a86168dd4c5e5","mtime":"1257779775","size":"6527867","crc32":"cb4b14cd","sha1":"cd439e1ce79ef6390b98b5eb50800d46f5fbeba9"},{"name":"cu31924022429322_archive.torrent","source":"metadata","btih":"11df7177fa332cffaa28e2db7f7a1dcd8e045762","mtime":"1467078081","size":"12465","md5":"bd039113c122a4f632be08ed83b2565e","crc32":"f0dd2b62","sha1":"ded525f3e0be35caf6ebbdd92769ad13424f0b6d","format":"Archive BitTorrent"},{"name":"cu31924022429322_cubook.zip","source":"original","format":"Raw Cornell Book Zip","md5":"750e4b54516aa7e6f7885409c18282f6","mtime":"1232823581","size":"115158830","crc32":"ccc5a1bf","sha1":"252ae1a2999f591a025b1339b9062faaffe7bc44","filecount":"1168"},{"name":"cu31924022429322_dc.xml","source":"original","md5":"e02bc79cbf972a1225f5446054745a9d","format":"Dublin Core","mtime":"1257775289","size":"769","crc32":"80c59363","sha1":"91183a4c733e1f52ee3e08c537f8ad2a6c2b61c1"},{"name":"cu31924022429322_djvu.txt","source":"derivative","format":"DjVuTXT","original":"cu31924022429322.djvu","md5":"2a758682e9a64a059696f6e4966c0312","mtime":"1257782351","size":"435431","crc32":"9f1742b5","sha1":"d43f6bbe0f35ec947f916afc953ab7865a186bcf"},{"name":"cu31924022429322_djvu.xml","source":"derivative","format":"Djvu XML","original":"cu31924022429322_abbyy.gz","md5":"bad794a5a234ea9d2bc8fc4e0134338a","mtime":"1257780155","size":"4032020","crc32":"77f399d5","sha1":"024862d3126fd5ffc44e39e0627d144c85895951"},{"name":"cu31924022429322_files.xml","source":"original","format":"Metadata","md5":"88651c58899c90ef1b42fa4ad869ec40","summation":"md5"},{"name":"cu31924022429322_jp2.zip","source":"derivative","format":"Single Page Processed JP2 ZIP","original":"cu31924022429322_cubook.zip","md5":"ec532c4fe0da1262d423f90e1700910d","mtime":"1257775323","size":"100063904","crc32":"55646e59","sha1":"324514ec2ee7a12b9e8bb32095c1fa0dc9247fbe","filecount":"288"},{"name":"cu31924022429322_marc.xml","source":"original","md5":"4780163f558baba1f57bc9308c2f8c72","format":"MARC","mtime":"1214553136","size":"4973","crc32":"6479776","sha1":"315ee559df63dfe775ea8ab9eb953e60e97b4162"},{"name":"cu31924022429322_meta.mrc","source":"original","md5":"f3efad2436514dc589ab2ed5b2c53065","format":"MARC Binary","mtime":"1214553134","size":"1113","crc32":"e9cfae00","sha1":"a6206da29fc5b885bb0161a481aa05b3c0d932ae"},{"name":"cu31924022429322_meta.xml","source":"original","format":"Metadata","mtime":"1467078078","size":"1837","md5":"5d0ce3da60627ec935f143417eeb0f06","crc32":"68a04d9a","sha1":"31c8ed78cb1b2097098543c7440b69329d24d6e3"},{"name":"cu31924022429322_scandata.xml","source":"derivative","format":"Scandata","original":"cu31924022429322_djvu.xml","md5":"cf8da9fc17b7080c5d536420b9e967e6","mtime":"1257780165","size":"102067","crc32":"848fc5b0","sha1":"9cdd943645b4214aac4ebcc105f2760ef69ab3b1"}],"files_count":16,"item_last_updated":1712000069,"item_size":235836888,"metadata":{"mediatype":"texts","collection":["cornell","americana"],"title":"My musical life and recollections ","identifier":"cu31924022429322","uploader":"hank@archive.org","addeddate":"2009-10-31 14:45:37","identifier-access":"http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924022429322","identifier-ark":"ark:/13960/t08w4081t","sponsor":"MSN","contributor":"Cornell University Library","description":"The metadata below describe the original scanning. Follow the \u0022All Files: HTTP\u0022 link in the \u0022View the book\u0022 box to the left to find XML files that contain more metadata about the original images and the derived formats (OCR results, PDF etc.). See also the \u003Ca href=\u0022http://www.archive.org/about/faqs.php#140\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003EWhat is the directory structure for the texts?\u003C/a\u003E FAQ for information about file content and naming conventions.","lccn":"06000374","call_number":"ML422 .R62","camera":"EOS-1D MkII","lcamid":"329948","rcamid":"335490","operator":"dmaurice","scanner":"Kirtas APT 2400","ppi":"300","creator":"Rivie\u0300re, Jules, 1819-1900","publisher":"London : Sampson Low, Marston","date":"1893","subject":"Rivie\u0300re, Jules, 1819-1900","language":"eng","imagecount":"288","bookplateleaf":"0003","ocr":"ABBYY FineReader 8.0","scandate":"20080627081407","foldoutcount":"0","repub_state":"4","publicdate":"2009-11-09 15:59:21","filesxml":"Wed Mar 17 10:32:43 UTC 2010","backup_location":"ia903604_11"},"server":"ia601307.us.archive.org","uniq":34339312,"workable_servers":["ia601307.us.archive.org","ia801307.us.archive.org"]}'/> <ia-book-theater class="focus-on-child-only" baseHost="archive.org" signedIn="false" > <div id="IABookReaderMessageWrapper" class="BookReaderMessage focus-on-child-only" style="display:none;" slot="header"></div> <div id="IABookReaderWrapper" slot="main"> <div id="BookReader" class="BookReader "></div> </div> </ia-book-theater> <input class="js-bookreader" type="hidden" value='{"isBeta":false,"br_ui":null,"urlHistoryBasePath":"/details/cu31924022429322/","resumeCookiePath":"/details/cu31924022429322","initialSearchTerm":null,"purchase_url":"","has_multiple_readable_files":false,"multipleBooksList":{"by_subprefix":{"cu31924022429322":{"title":"cu31924022429322_cubook.zip","url_path":"/details/cu31924022429322/cu31924022429322","orig_sort":0,"file_subprefix":"cu31924022429322","file_source":"cu31924022429322_jp2.zip","file_format":"Single Page Processed JP2 ZIP","file_origin":"cu31924022429322_cubook.zip","raw":{"name":"cu31924022429322_jp2.zip","source":"derivative","format":"Single Page Processed JP2 ZIP","original":"cu31924022429322_cubook.zip","md5":"ec532c4fe0da1262d423f90e1700910d","mtime":"1257775323","size":"100063904","crc32":"55646e59","sha1":"324514ec2ee7a12b9e8bb32095c1fa0dc9247fbe","filecount":"288"}}}},"autofit":"auto","url":"//ia601307.us.archive.org/BookReader/BookReaderJSIA.php?id=cu31924022429322\u0026itemPath=/14/items/cu31924022429322\u0026server=ia601307.us.archive.org\u0026format=jsonp\u0026subPrefix=cu31924022429322\u0026requestUri=/details/cu31924022429322/mode/2up"}'/> </div> </div> <div id="cher-modal" class="modal fade" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-lg"> <div class="modal-content" style="padding:10px;"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true"> <span class="iconochive-remove-circle" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">remove-circle</span> </button> <h1 class="modal-title">Share or Embed This Item</h1> </div> <div id="cher-body"> <div style="text-align:center;margin:50px auto;"> <div class="topinblock"> <div id="sharer"> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924022429322&via=internetarchive&text=My+musical+life+and+recollections+%3A+Rivie%CC%80re%2C+Jules%2C+1819-1900+%3A+Free+Download%2C+Borrow%2C+and+Streaming+%3A+Internet+Archive" target="_blank"> <div class="sharee iconochive-twitter" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Share to Twitter"></div> <span class="sr-only">Share to Twitter</span> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://archive.org/details/cu31924022429322" target="_blank"> <div class="sharee iconochive-facebook" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Share to Facebook"></div> <span class="sr-only">Share to Facebook</span> </a> <a href="http://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924022429322&title=My+musical+life+and+recollections+%3A+Rivie%CC%80re%2C+Jules%2C+1819-1900+%3A+Free+Download%2C+Borrow%2C+and+Streaming+%3A+Internet+Archive" target="_blank"> <div class="sharee iconochive-reddit" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Share to Reddit"></div> <span class="sr-only">Share to Reddit</span> </a> <a href="https://www.tumblr.com/widgets/share/tool?posttype=link&title=My+musical+life+and+recollections+%3A+Rivie%CC%80re%2C+Jules%2C+1819-1900+%3A+Free+Download%2C+Borrow%2C+and+Streaming+%3A+Internet+Archive&caption=My+musical+life+and+recollections+%3A+Rivie%CC%80re%2C+Jules%2C+1819-1900+%3A+Free+Download%2C+Borrow%2C+and+Streaming+%3A+Internet+Archive&content=https://archive.org/details/cu31924022429322&canonicalUrl=https://archive.org/details/cu31924022429322" target="_blank"> <div class="sharee iconochive-tumblr" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Share to Tumblr"></div> <span class="sr-only">Share to Tumblr</span> </a> <a href="http://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924022429322&description=My+musical+life+and+recollections+%3A+Rivie%CC%80re%2C+Jules%2C+1819-1900+%3A+Free+Download%2C+Borrow%2C+and+Streaming+%3A+Internet+Archive" target="_blank"> <div class="sharee iconochive-pinterest" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Share to Pinterest"></div> <span class="sr-only">Share to Pinterest</span> </a> <a href="mailto:?body=https://archive.org/details/cu31924022429322&subject=My musical life and recollections : Rivie虁re, Jules, 1819-1900 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive"> <div class="sharee iconochive-email" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Share via email"></div> <span class="sr-only">Share via email</span> </a> </div> <br clear="all" class="clearfix"/> </div> </div> <div> <form class="form" role="form"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="embedcodehere">EMBED</label> <textarea id="embedcodehere" class="form-control textarea-invert-readonly" rows="3" readonly="readonly" ><iframe src="https://archive.org/embed/cu31924022429322" width="560" height="384" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen="true" mozallowfullscreen="true" allowfullscreen></iframe></textarea> </div> </form> </div> <div> <form class="form" role="form"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="embedcodehereWP">EMBED (for wordpress.com hosted blogs and archive.org item <description> tags)</label> <textarea id="embedcodehereWP" class="form-control textarea-invert-readonly" rows="3" readonly="readonly" >[archiveorg cu31924022429322 width=560 height=384 frameborder=0 webkitallowfullscreen=true mozallowfullscreen=true]</textarea> </div> </form> </div> <div> Want more? <a href="/help/audio.php?identifier=cu31924022429322" >Advanced embedding details, examples, and help</a>! </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="flag-overlay" class="center-area "> </div> </div> <div class="container container-ia item-details-about"> </div> <div class="container container-ia width-max relative-row-wrap info-top"> <div class="container container-ia"> <div class="relative-row row"> <div class="thats-right col-sm-4 col-sm-push-8"> <section class="action-buttons-section"> <div class='topinblock favorite-btn'> <button class='button js-manage-toggle_list_status ' type='button' data-href='/bookmarks.php?add_bookmark=1&mediatype=texts&identifier=cu31924022429322&title=My+musical+life+and+recollections' data-target='#favorite-modal' data-id='cu31924022429322' data-fav-collection='fav-' data-toggle='tooltip' data-container='body' data-placement='bottom' data-original-title='Favorite' aria-haspopup='true'> <div> <span class="iconochive-No_Favorite" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label ">Favorite</span> </div> </button> </div> <div class='topinblock share-button'> <button id='share-button' class='button js-manage-share_button' type='button' data-target='#cher-modal' data-toggle='tooltip' data-container='body' data-placement='bottom' data-original-title='Share this item' aria-haspopup='true'> <span class="iconochive-share" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label ">Share</span> </button> </div> <div id="flag-button-container" class="topinblock flag-button" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" data-container="body" title="Flag this item"> <div id="item-flags-popup" class="dropup"> <button id="flag-button" class=" button" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" ><span class="iconochive-Flag" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label ">Flag</span></button> <div id="flag-popover" class="dropdown-menu flag-popover" aria-labelledby="flag-button"> <h1 class="dropdown-title">Flag this item for</h1> <ul role="menu"> <li class="flag-option "> <a href="/account/login?referer=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924022429322" role="menuitem"> Graphic Violence </a> </li> <li class="flag-option "> <a href="/account/login?referer=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924022429322" role="menuitem"> Explicit Sexual Content </a> </li> <li class="flag-option "> <a href="/account/login?referer=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924022429322" role="menuitem"> Hate Speech </a> </li> <li class="flag-option "> <a href="/account/login?referer=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924022429322" role="menuitem"> Misinformation/Disinformation </a> </li> <li class="flag-option "> <a href="/account/login?referer=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924022429322" role="menuitem"> Marketing/Phishing/Advertising </a> </li> <li class="flag-option "> <a href="/account/login?referer=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924022429322" role="menuitem"> Misleading/Inaccurate/Missing Metadata </a> </li> </ul> </div>  </div>  </div> </section> </div> <div class="thats-left item-details-metadata col-sm-8 col-sm-pull-4"> <div class="left-icon"><span class="iconochive-texts texts" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">texts</span></div> <h1 class="item-title"> <span class="breaker-breaker" itemprop="name">My musical life and recollections</span> </h1> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>by</dt> <dd> <span><a href="/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Rivie%CC%80re%2C+Jules%2C+1819-1900%22" rel="nofollow">Rivie虁re, Jules, 1819-1900</a></span> </dd> </dl> <br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container container-ia width-max relative-row-wrap"> <div class="container container-ia"> <div class="relative-row row"> <div class="col-sm-8 thats-left item-details-metadata"> <div class="actions-ia"> </div> <div class="row metadata-list" role="list"> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Publication date</dt> <dd class=""> <a href="/search.php?query=date:1893"> <span itemprop="datePublished">1893</span> </a> </dd> </dl> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Topics</dt> <dd class="" itemprop="keywords" ><a href="/search.php?query=subject%3A%22Rivie%CC%80re%2C+Jules%2C+1819-1900%22" rel="nofollow">Rivie虁re, Jules, 1819-1900</a></dd> </dl> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Publisher</dt> <dd > <span itemprop="publisher">London : Sampson Low, Marston</span> </dd> </dl><dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Collection</dt> <dd> <a href="/details/cornell" rel="nofollow">cornell</a>; <a href="/details/americana" rel="nofollow">americana</a> </dd> </dl>  <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Contributor</dt> <dd > <a href="/details/cornell">Cornell University Library</a> </dd> </dl> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Language</dt> <dd> <span><a href="/search.php?query=%28language%3Aeng+OR+language%3A%22English%22%29" rel="nofollow">English</a></span> </dd> </dl>  <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Item Size</dt> <dd > 224.9M </dd> </dl> </div>  <div class="clearfix"></div> <div id="descript" itemprop="description">The metadata below describe the original scanning. Follow the "All Files: HTTP" link in the "View the book" box to the left to find XML files that contain more metadata about the original images and the derived formats (OCR results, PDF etc.). See also the <a href="http://www.archive.org/about/faqs.php#140" rel="nofollow">What is the directory structure for the texts?</a> FAQ for information about file content and naming conventions. </div> <div class="metadata-expandable-list row" role="list"> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Addeddate</dt> <dd > 2009-10-31 14:45:37 </dd> </dl> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Bookplateleaf</dt> <dd > 0003 </dd> </dl> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Call number</dt> <dd > ML422 .R62 </dd> </dl> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Camera</dt> <dd > EOS-1D MkII </dd> </dl> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Foldoutcount</dt> <dd > 0 </dd> </dl> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Identifier</dt> <dd > <span itemprop="identifier">cu31924022429322</span> </dd> </dl> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Identifier-ark</dt> <dd > ark:/13960/t08w4081t </dd> </dl> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Lcamid</dt> <dd > 329948 </dd> </dl> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Lccn</dt> <dd > 06000374 </dd> </dl> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Ocr</dt> <dd > ABBYY FineReader 8.0 </dd> </dl> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Pages</dt> <dd > 288 </dd> </dl> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Ppi</dt> <dd > 300 </dd> </dl> <dl class="metadata-definition metadata-hidden" style="display: none"> <dt>Rcamid</dt> <dd > 335490 </dd> </dl> <dl class="metadata-definition metadata-hidden" style="display: none"> <dt>Scandate</dt> <dd > 20080627081407 </dd> </dl> <dl class="metadata-definition metadata-hidden" style="display: none"> <dt>Scanner</dt> <dd > Kirtas APT 2400 </dd> </dl> <button type="button" class="show-more-button" > <div class="show-more-button__text">Show More</div> <div class="show-more-button__text" style="display: none">Show Less</div> </button> </div>  <div class="row metadata-list"> <dl class="metadata-definition"> <dt>Full catalog record</dt> <dd > <a href="/download/cu31924022429322/cu31924022429322_archive_marc.xml">MARCXML</a> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="reviews"> <h2 style="font-size:30px;font-weight:500;border-bottom:1px solid #979797; padding-bottom:5px; margin-top:50px;"> <div class="left-icon" style="margin-top:3px"><span class="iconochive-comment" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">comment</span></div> Reviews </h2> <div class="small-label"> Reviews cannot be added to this item. </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-4 thats-right item-details-archive-info"> <section class="boxy item-stats-summary"> <p itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/InteractionCounter" > <link itemprop="interactionType" href="http://schema.org/ViewAction"/> <span class="item-stats-summary__count" itemprop="userInteractionCount" >1,261</span> Views </p> <p class="favorite-count"> </p> </section> <section class="boxy item-download-options"> <h1 class="download-button"> DOWNLOAD OPTIONS </h1> <div class="format-group"> <div class="summary-rite"> <a class="stealth" href="/download/cu31924022429322/cu31924022429322_abbyy.gz" title="6.2M"> <span class="hover-badge-stealth"> <span class="iconochive-download" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">download</span> 1 file </span> </a> </div> <a class="format-summary download-pill" href="/download/cu31924022429322/cu31924022429322_abbyy.gz" title="6.2M" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="auto left" data-container="body"> ABBYY GZ <span class="iconochive-download" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">download</span> </a> </div> <div class="format-group"> <div class="summary-rite"> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-xs js-ebook-maker" data-maker='{"base":"cu31924022429322","source_ending":"_abbyy.gz","type":"daisy","format":"Daisy","identifier":"cu31924022429322"}'>Generate</button> </div> DAISY <p class="download-format-description">For users with print-disabilities</p> </div> <div class="format-group"> <div class="summary-rite"> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-xs js-ebook-maker" data-maker='{"base":"cu31924022429322","source_ending":"_abbyy.gz","type":"epub","format":"EPUB","identifier":"cu31924022429322"}'>Generate</button> </div> EPUB </div> <div class="format-group"> <div class="summary-rite"> <a class="stealth" href="/stream/cu31924022429322/cu31924022429322_djvu.txt" title="425.2K"> <span class="hover-badge-stealth"> <span class="iconochive-download" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">download</span> 1 file </span> </a> </div> <a class="format-summary download-pill" href="/stream/cu31924022429322/cu31924022429322_djvu.txt" title="425.2K" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="auto left" data-container="body"> FULL TEXT <span class="iconochive-download" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">download</span> </a> </div> <div class="format-group"> <div class="summary-rite"> <a class="stealth" href="/download/cu31924022429322/__ia_thumb.jpg" title="17.9K"> <span class="hover-badge-stealth"> <span class="iconochive-download" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">download</span> 1 file </span> </a> </div> <a class="format-summary download-pill" href="/download/cu31924022429322/__ia_thumb.jpg" title="17.9K" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="auto left" data-container="body"> ITEM TILE <span class="iconochive-download" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">download</span> </a> </div> <div class="format-group"> <div class="summary-rite"> <a class="stealth" href="/download/cu31924022429322/cu31924022429322.pdf" title="5.4M"> <span class="hover-badge-stealth"> <span class="iconochive-download" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">download</span> 1 file </span> </a> </div> <a class="format-summary download-pill" href="/download/cu31924022429322/cu31924022429322.pdf" title="5.4M" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="auto left" data-container="body"> PDF <span class="iconochive-download" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">download</span> </a> </div> <div class="format-group"> <div class="summary-rite"> <a class="stealth" href="/download/cu31924022429322/cu31924022429322_cubook.zip" title="109.8M"> <span class="hover-badge-stealth"> <span class="iconochive-download" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">download</span> 1 file </span> </a> </div> <a class="format-summary download-pill" href="/download/cu31924022429322/cu31924022429322_cubook.zip" title="109.8M" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="auto left" data-container="body"> RAW CORNELL BOOK ZIP <span class="iconochive-download" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">download</span> </a> </div> <div class="format-group"> <div class="summary-rite"> <a class="stealth" href="/download/cu31924022429322/cu31924022429322_jp2.zip" title="95.4M"> <span class="hover-badge-stealth"> <span class="iconochive-download" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">download</span> 1 file </span> </a> </div> <a class="format-summary download-pill" href="/download/cu31924022429322/cu31924022429322_jp2.zip" title="95.4M" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="auto left" data-container="body"> SINGLE PAGE PROCESSED JP2 ZIP <span class="iconochive-download" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">download</span> </a> </div> <div class="format-group"> <div class="summary-rite"> <a class="stealth" href="/download/cu31924022429322/cu31924022429322_archive.torrent" title="12.2K"> <span class="hover-badge-stealth"> <span class="iconochive-download" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">download</span> 1 file </span> </a> </div> <a class="format-summary download-pill" href="/download/cu31924022429322/cu31924022429322_archive.torrent" title="12.2K" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="auto left" data-container="body"> TORRENT <span class="iconochive-download" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">download</span> </a> </div> <div class="show-all"> <div class="pull-right"> <a class="boxy-ttl hover-badge" href="/compress/cu31924022429322"> <span class="iconochive-download" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">download</span> 16 Files </a><br/> <a class="boxy-ttl hover-badge" href="/compress/cu31924022429322/formats=ITEM TILE,ARCHIVE BITTORRENT,RAW CORNELL BOOK ZIP,DUBLIN CORE,METADATA,MARC,MARC BINARY"><span class="iconochive-download" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="icon-label sr-only">download</span> 8 Original</a><br/> </div> <a class="boxy-ttl" href="/download/cu31924022429322">SHOW ALL</a> <br clear="all" class="clearfix"/> </div> </section> <div class="boxy white-bg collection-list"> <section class="collection-list"> <h1 class="collection-title">IN COLLECTIONS</h1> <a class="collection-item" href="/details/cornell" data-event-click-tracking="CollectionList|cornell" > Cornell University Library <img class="item-img" loading="lazy" aria-label=cornell src="/services/img/cornell" > </a> <a class="collection-item" href="/details/americana" data-event-click-tracking="CollectionList|americana" > American Libraries <img class="item-img" loading="lazy" aria-label=americana src="/services/img/americana" > </a> </section> </div> <section class="boxy white-bg item-upload-info"> <p> Uploaded by <a href="/details/@hank_b" class="item-upload-info__uploader-name"> hank_b </a> on <time >November 9, 2009</time> </p> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="also-found" class="container container-ia width-max js-playset" data-identifier="cu31924022429322" data-host-name="www08.us.archive.org" data-mediatype="texts"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 tilebars"> <h1 class='small-label js-playset-items'>SIMILAR ITEMS (based on metadata)</h1> <div id="js-related"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container container-ia"> </div> <div class="terms-of-service"> <a class="stealth" href="/about/terms">Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014)</a> </div> </main> </div>  <script nonce="f36d0b036e2c1c4a72debe760240ee04" > if (typeof archive_analytics !== 'undefined') { archive_analytics.send_pageview_on_load(archive_analytics); archive_analytics.process_url_events(location); var vs = archive_analytics.get_data_packets(); for (var i in vs) { if (!vs[i]) { vs[i] = {}; } vs[i]['cache_bust']=Math.random(); vs[i]['server_ms']=244; vs[i]['server_name']="www08.us.archive.org"; } if (document.querySelectorAll('.more_search').length) { archive_analytics.send_scroll_fetch_base_event(); } } </script> <img src="//athena.archive.org/0.gif?kind=track_js&track_js_case=control&cache_bust=1175698713" alt="" /> <noscript> <img src="//athena.archive.org/0.gif?kind=track_js&track_js_case=disabled&cache_bust=793730708" /> </noscript> <script nonce="f36d0b036e2c1c4a72debe760240ee04" > document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { if (typeof archive_analytics !== 'undefined') archive_analytics.create_tracking_image('in_page_executes'); }); </script> </div> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

My musical life and recollections : Rivie虁re, Jules, 1819-1900 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive