CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Cupid and Psyche - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6d0948b9-20e1-414d-b4e3-4b5945f022f0","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Cupid_and_Psyche","wgTitle":"Cupid and Psyche","wgCurRevisionId":1271189224,"wgRevisionId":1271189224,"wgArticleId":760054,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text","Pages with Ancient Greek (to 1453) IPA","Articles containing Latin-language text","Pages with Latin IPA","Articles containing Greek-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013","Pages using div col with small parameter","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Articles containing video clips","Cupid and Psyche","2nd-century literature","ATU 400-459","Classical Latin literature","Deeds of Aphrodite","Deeds of Eros","Deeds of Pan (god)","Love stories","Mythological duos","Mythological lovers","Prose texts in Latin"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Cupid_and_Psyche","wgRelevantArticleId":760054,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q135662","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gerard_FrancoisPascalSimon-Cupid_Psyche_end.jpg/1200px-Gerard_FrancoisPascalSimon-Cupid_Psyche_end.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1697"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gerard_FrancoisPascalSimon-Cupid_Psyche_end.jpg/800px-Gerard_FrancoisPascalSimon-Cupid_Psyche_end.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1131"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gerard_FrancoisPascalSimon-Cupid_Psyche_end.jpg/640px-Gerard_FrancoisPascalSimon-Cupid_Psyche_end.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="905"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Cupid and Psyche - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Cupid_and_Psyche rootpage-Cupid_and_Psyche skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cupid+and+Psyche" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cupid+and+Psyche" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cupid+and+Psyche" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cupid+and+Psyche" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-In_Apuleius" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Apuleius"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>In Apuleius</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_Apuleius-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In Apuleius subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_Apuleius-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Story" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Story"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Story</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Story-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Violation_of_trust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Violation_of_trust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Violation of trust</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Violation_of_trust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wanderings_and_trials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wanderings_and_trials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Wanderings and trials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wanderings_and_trials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psyche_and_the_underworld" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psyche_and_the_underworld"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Psyche and the underworld</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psyche_and_the_underworld-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reunion_and_immortal_love" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reunion_and_immortal_love"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Reunion and immortal love</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reunion_and_immortal_love-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Wedding_of_Cupid_and_Psyche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Wedding_of_Cupid_and_Psyche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span><i>The Wedding of Cupid and Psyche</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Wedding_of_Cupid_and_Psyche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_allegory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_allegory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>As allegory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_allegory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classical_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classical_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Classical tradition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Classical_tradition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Classical tradition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Classical_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Translations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Translations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folklore_and_children's_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folklore_and_children's_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Folklore and children's literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folklore_and_children's_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2.2</span> <span>Literary legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Performing arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modern_adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Modern adaptations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psychology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psychology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Psychology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psychology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fine_and_decorative_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fine_and_decorative_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Fine and decorative arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fine_and_decorative_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Ancient art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sculpture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sculpture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.3</span> <span>Sculpture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sculpture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paintings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paintings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.4</span> <span>Paintings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paintings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cupid and Psyche</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupido_i_Psique" title="Cupido i Psique – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cupido i Psique" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amor_und_Psyche" title="Amor und Psyche – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amor und Psyche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CF%81%CF%89%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%A8%CF%85%CF%87%CE%AE_(%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CF%8E%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82)" title="Έρως και Ψυχή (Μεταμορφώσεις) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έρως και Ψυχή (Μεταμορφώσεις)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AE%D9%87_%D9%88_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%88" title="پسوخه و کوپیدو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پسوخه و کوپیدو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amore_e_Psiche" title="Amore e Psiche – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amore e Psiche" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupid_lan_Psyche" title="Cupid lan Psyche – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cupid lan Psyche" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erotas_ir_Psich%C4%97" title="Erotas ir Psichė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Erotas ir Psichė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psice_e_Eros" title="Psice e Eros – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Psice e Eros" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="ကျူးပစ်နှင့် ဆိုက်ကီး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကျူးပစ်နှင့် ဆိုက်ကီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupid_og_Psyche" title="Cupid og Psyche – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cupid og Psyche" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%DA%88_%D8%AA%DB%92_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="کیوپڈ تے سائیکی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیوپڈ تے سائیکی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amor_e_Psiqu%C3%AA" title="Amor e Psiquê – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amor e Psiquê" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amor_%C8%99i_Psyche" title="Amor și Psyche – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amor și Psyche" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Амур и Психея – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Амур и Психея" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche" title="Cupid and Psyche – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cupid and Psyche" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupid_in_Psihe" title="Kupid in Psihe – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kupid in Psihe" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Ерос и Психа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ерос и Психа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupidon_i_Psiha" title="Kupidon i Psiha – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kupidon i Psiha" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupido_at_Psique" title="Kupido at Psique – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kupido at Psique" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B5" title="คิวปิดและไซคี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คิวปิดและไซคี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80_%D1%96_%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Амур і Психея – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Амур і Психея" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%DA%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="کیوپڈ اور سائیکی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیوپڈ اور سائیکی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupid_v%C3%A0_Psyche" title="Cupid và Psyche – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cupid và Psyche" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%8E%E6%99%AE%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B" title="丘比特与普塞克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="丘比特与普塞克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q135662#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Cupid_and_Psyche" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Cupid_and_Psyche" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Cupid_and_Psyche" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&oldid=1271189224" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Cupid_and_Psyche&id=1271189224&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCupid_and_Psyche"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCupid_and_Psyche"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cupid_and_Psyche" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche_(Apuleius)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikisource</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q135662" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Classical story of Cupid and Psyche</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cupid and Psyche (disambiguation)">Cupid and Psyche (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerard_FrancoisPascalSimon-Cupid_Psyche_end.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gerard_FrancoisPascalSimon-Cupid_Psyche_end.jpg/200px-Gerard_FrancoisPascalSimon-Cupid_Psyche_end.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gerard_FrancoisPascalSimon-Cupid_Psyche_end.jpg/300px-Gerard_FrancoisPascalSimon-Cupid_Psyche_end.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Gerard_FrancoisPascalSimon-Cupid_Psyche_end.jpg/400px-Gerard_FrancoisPascalSimon-Cupid_Psyche_end.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3951" data-file-height="5586" /></a><figcaption><i>Psyche and Amor</i>, also known as <i>Psyche Receiving Cupid's First Kiss</i> (1798), by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_G%C3%A9rard" title="François Gérard">François Gérard</a>: a symbolic butterfly hovers over Psyche in a moment of innocence poised before sexual awakening.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:20em;border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:darkseagreen"><span style="color:white">Part of a series on the</span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:darkseagreen"><a href="/wiki/Greek_underworld" title="Greek underworld">Greek underworld</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#cef2e0"> Residents</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeacus" title="Aeacus">Aeacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelos_(mythology)" title="Angelos (mythology)">Angelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arae" title="Arae">Arae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascalaphus_(son_of_Acheron)" title="Ascalaphus (son of Acheron)">Ascalaphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus" title="Cerberus">Cerberus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuthonymus" title="Ceuthonymus">Ceuthonymus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charon" title="Charon">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erinyes" title="Erinyes">Erinyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurynomos_(daemon)" title="Eurynomos (daemon)">Eurynomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melino%C3%AB" title="Melinoë">Melinoë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menoetius" title="Menoetius">Menoetius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minos" title="Minos">Minos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moirai" title="Moirai">Moirai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_(mythology)" title="Pluto (mythology)">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhadamanthus" title="Rhadamanthus">Rhadamanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreus" title="Zagreus">Zagreus</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#cef2e0"> Geography</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acheron" title="Acheron">Acheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asphodel_Meadows" title="Asphodel Meadows">Asphodel<br />Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocytus" title="Cocytus">Cocytus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elysium" title="Elysium">Elysium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fields_of_sorrow" title="Fields of sorrow">Fields of sorrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortunate_Isles" title="Fortunate Isles">Fortunate Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_dreams_(mythology)" title="Land of dreams (mythology)">Land of dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethe" title="Lethe">Lethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlegethon" title="Phlegethon">Phlegethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#cef2e0"> Prisoners</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arke" title="Arke">Arke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana%C3%AFdes" title="Danaïdes">Danaïdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ixion" title="Ixion">Ixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocnus" title="Ocnus">Ocnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmoneus" title="Salmoneus">Salmoneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisyphus" title="Sisyphus">Sisyphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantalus" title="Tantalus">Tantalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titans_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titans (mythology)">Titans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tityos" title="Tityos">Tityus</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#cef2e0"> Visitors</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="text-align:left"> <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirithous" title="Pirithous">Pirithous</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Psyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_underworld" title="Template:Greek underworld"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_underworld" title="Template talk:Greek underworld"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_underworld" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek underworld"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cupid and Psyche</b> is a story originally from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Ass" title="The Golden Ass">Metamorphoses</a></i> (also called <i>The Golden Ass</i>), written in the 2nd century AD by Lucius <a href="/wiki/Apuleius" title="Apuleius">Apuleius</a> Madaurensis (or Platonicus).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tale concerns the overcoming of obstacles to the <a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">love</a> between <a href="/wiki/Psyche_(mythology)" title="Psyche (mythology)">Psyche</a> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%A8%CF%85%CF%87%CE%AE" class="extiw" title="wikt:Ψυχή">Ψυχή</a></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Soul' or 'Breath of Life', <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Ancient Greek pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="grc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[psyːkʰɛ̌ː]</a></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Cupid" title="Cupid">Cupid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cupido" class="extiw" title="wikt:Cupido">Cupido</a></i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Desire', <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Latin pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="la-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">[kʊˈpiːd̪oː]</a></span>) or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Amor" class="extiw" title="wikt:Amor">Amor</a> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Love</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, Greek <a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%9C%CF%81%CF%89%CF%82" class="extiw" title="wikt:Ἔρως">Ἔρως</a>), and their ultimate union in a <a href="/wiki/Hieros_gamos" title="Hieros gamos">sacred marriage</a>. Although the only extended narrative from <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">antiquity</a> is that of Apuleius from the 2nd century AD, Eros and Psyche appear in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Greek art</a> as early as the 4th century BC. The story's <a href="/wiki/Neoplatonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoplatonic">Neoplatonic</a> elements and allusions to <a href="/wiki/Mystery_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystery religions">mystery religions</a> accommodate multiple interpretations,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it has been analyzed as an <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegory</a> and in light of <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folktale</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale#Terminology" title="Fairy tale">Märchen</a></i> or <a href="/wiki/Fairy_tale" title="Fairy tale">fairy tale</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">myth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The story of Cupid and Psyche was known to <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio" title="Giovanni Boccaccio">Boccaccio</a> in c. 1370. The <i><a href="/wiki/Editio_princeps" title="Editio princeps">first printed version</a></i> dates to 1469. Ever since, the <a href="/wiki/Reception_theory" title="Reception theory">reception</a> of <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Classical_tradition" title="Classical tradition">classical tradition</a> has been extensive. The story has been retold in poetry, drama, and opera, and depicted widely in painting, sculpture, and even wallpaper.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Psyche is usually referred to in Roman mythology by her Greek name, her Roman name through direct translation is Anima. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Apuleius">In Apuleius</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In Apuleius"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luca_Giordano_-_Psyche_Honoured_by_the_People_-_WGA09015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Luca_Giordano_-_Psyche_Honoured_by_the_People_-_WGA09015.jpg/250px-Luca_Giordano_-_Psyche_Honoured_by_the_People_-_WGA09015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Luca_Giordano_-_Psyche_Honoured_by_the_People_-_WGA09015.jpg/330px-Luca_Giordano_-_Psyche_Honoured_by_the_People_-_WGA09015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Luca_Giordano_-_Psyche_Honoured_by_the_People_-_WGA09015.jpg/500px-Luca_Giordano_-_Psyche_Honoured_by_the_People_-_WGA09015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="950" /></a><figcaption><i>Psyche Honoured by the People</i> (1692–1702) from a series of 12 scenes from the story by <a href="/wiki/Luca_Giordano" title="Luca Giordano">Luca Giordano</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The tale of Cupid and Psyche (or "Eros and Psyche") is placed at the midpoint of Apuleius's novel, and occupies about a fifth of its total length.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated338_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated338-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The novel itself is a <a href="/wiki/First-person_narrative" title="First-person narrative">first-person narrative</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Protagonist" title="Protagonist">protagonist</a> Lucius. Transformed into a donkey by <a href="/wiki/Magic_in_the_Greco-Roman_world" title="Magic in the Greco-Roman world">magic</a> gone wrong, Lucius undergoes various trials and adventures, and finally regains human form by eating roses sacred to <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a>. Psyche's story has some similarities, including the theme of dangerous curiosity, punishments and tests, and redemption through divine favor.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a structural mirror of the overarching plot, the tale is an example of <i><a href="/wiki/Mise_en_abyme" title="Mise en abyme">mise en abyme</a></i>. It occurs within a complex narrative frame, with Lucius recounting the tale as it in turn was told by an old woman to Charite, a bride kidnapped by pirates on her wedding day and held captive in a cave.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated338_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated338-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The happy ending for Psyche is supposed to assuage Charite's fear of rape, in one of several instances of Apuleius's <a href="/wiki/Irony" title="Irony">irony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the tale resists explication as a strict <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegory</a> of a particular Platonic argument, Apuleius drew generally on imagery such as the laborious ascent of the winged soul (<i><a href="/wiki/Phaedrus_(dialogue)" title="Phaedrus (dialogue)">Phaedrus</a></i> 248) and the union with the divine achieved by Soul through the agency of the <i><a href="/wiki/Daimon" title="Daimon">daemon</a></i> Love (<i><a href="/wiki/Symposium_(Plato)" title="Symposium (Plato)">Symposium</a></i> 212b).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Story">Story</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Story"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Burne-Jones001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Edward_Burne-Jones001.jpg/250px-Edward_Burne-Jones001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Edward_Burne-Jones001.jpg/330px-Edward_Burne-Jones001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Edward_Burne-Jones001.jpg/500px-Edward_Burne-Jones001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1123" /></a><figcaption><i>Psyche's Wedding</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelite</a>, 1895) by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones" title="Edward Burne-Jones">Edward Burne-Jones</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There were once a king and queen,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rulers of an unnamed city, who had three daughters of conspicuous beauty. The youngest and most beautiful was Psyche, whose admirers, neglecting the proper worship of Aphrodite (love goddess <a href="/wiki/Venus_(mythology)" title="Venus (mythology)">Venus</a>), instead prayed and made offerings to her. It was rumored that she was the second coming of Venus, or the daughter of Venus from an unseemly union between the goddess and a mortal. Venus is offended, and commissions Cupid to work her revenge. Cupid is sent to shoot Psyche with an arrow so that she may fall in love with something hideous. He instead scratches himself with his own dart, which makes any living thing fall in love with the first thing it sees. Consequently, he falls deeply in love with Psyche and disobeys his mother's order. </p><p>Although her two humanly beautiful sisters have married, the idolized Psyche has yet to find love. Her father suspects that they have incurred the wrath of the gods, and consults the <a href="/wiki/Oracle" title="Oracle">oracle</a> of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>. The response is unsettling: the king is to expect not a human son-in-law, but rather a dragon-like creature who harasses the world with fire and iron and is feared by even <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (mythology)">Jupiter</a> and the inhabitants of the underworld. </p><p>Psyche is arrayed in funeral attire, conveyed by a procession to the peak of a rocky crag, and exposed. Marriage and death are merged into a single rite of passage, a "transition to the unknown".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zephyrus" title="Zephyrus">Zephyrus</a> the West Wind bears her up to meet her fated match, and deposits her in a lovely meadow <i>(<a href="/wiki/Locus_amoenus" title="Locus amoenus">locus amoenus</a>)</i>, where she promptly falls asleep. </p><p>The transported girl awakes to find herself at the edge of a cultivated grove <i>(<a href="/wiki/Lucus" title="Lucus">lucus</a>)</i>. Exploring, she finds a marvelous house with golden columns, a carved ceiling of <a href="/wiki/Citrus_wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus wood">citrus wood</a> and ivory, silver walls embossed with wild and domesticated animals, and jeweled mosaic floors. A disembodied voice tells her to make herself comfortable, and she is entertained at a feast that serves itself and by singing to an invisible lyre. </p><p>Although fearful and without the proper experience, she allows herself to be guided to a bedroom where, in the darkness, a being she cannot see has sex with her. She gradually learns to look forward to his visits, though he always departs before sunrise and forbids her to look upon him. Soon, she becomes pregnant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Violation_of_trust">Violation of trust</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Violation of trust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Psyche's family longs for news of her, and after much cajoling, Cupid, still unknown to his bride, permits Zephyr to carry her sisters up for a visit. When they see the splendor in which Psyche lives, they become envious, and undermine her happiness by prodding her to uncover her husband's true identity, since surely as foretold by the oracle she was lying with the vile winged serpent, who would devour her and her child. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tapete_KGM_W-1982-59.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tapete_KGM_W-1982-59.jpg/220px-Tapete_KGM_W-1982-59.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tapete_KGM_W-1982-59.jpg/330px-Tapete_KGM_W-1982-59.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tapete_KGM_W-1982-59.jpg/440px-Tapete_KGM_W-1982-59.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1937" data-file-height="1709" /></a><figcaption><i>Psyche Showing Her Jewelry to Her Sisters</i> (<a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassical</a>, 1815–16), <a href="/wiki/Grisaille" title="Grisaille">grisaille</a> <a href="/wiki/Wallpaper" title="Wallpaper">wallpaper</a> by <a href="/wiki/Merry-Joseph_Blondel" title="Merry-Joseph Blondel">Merry-Joseph Blondel</a></figcaption></figure> <p>One night after Cupid falls asleep, Psyche carries out the plan her sisters devised: she brings out a dagger and a lamp she had hidden in the room, in order to see and kill the monster. But when the light instead reveals the most beautiful creature she has ever seen, she is so startled that she wounds herself on one of the arrows in Cupid's cast-aside quiver. Struck with a feverish passion, she spills hot oil from the lamp and wakes him. He flees, and though she tries to pursue, he flies away and leaves her on the bank of a river. </p><p>There she is discovered by the wilderness god <a href="/wiki/Pan_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan (mythology)">Pan</a>, who recognizes the signs of passion upon her. She acknowledges his divinity <i>(<a href="/wiki/Numen" title="Numen">numen</a>)</i>, then begins to wander the earth looking for her lost love. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giuseppe_Maria_Crespi_-_Amore_e_Psiche_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Giuseppe_Maria_Crespi_-_Amore_e_Psiche_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/250px-Giuseppe_Maria_Crespi_-_Amore_e_Psiche_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Giuseppe_Maria_Crespi_-_Amore_e_Psiche_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Giuseppe_Maria_Crespi_-_Amore_e_Psiche_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Giuseppe_Maria_Crespi_-_Amore_e_Psiche_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/500px-Giuseppe_Maria_Crespi_-_Amore_e_Psiche_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3535" data-file-height="2197" /></a><figcaption><i>Amore e Psiche</i> (1707–09) by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Crespi" title="Giuseppe Crespi">Giuseppe Crespi</a>: Psyche's use of the lamp to see the god is sometimes thought to reflect the magical practice of <a href="/wiki/Lampadomancy" title="Lampadomancy">lychnomancy</a>, a form of divination or spirit conjuring.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Psyche visits first one sister, then the other; both are seized with renewed envy upon learning the identity of Psyche's secret husband. Each sister attempts to offer herself as a replacement by climbing the rocky crag and casting herself upon Zephyr for conveyance, but instead is allowed to fall to a brutal death. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wanderings_and_trials">Wanderings and trials</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Wanderings and trials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the course of her wanderings, Psyche comes upon a temple of <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(mythology)" title="Ceres (mythology)">Ceres</a>, and inside finds a disorder of grain offerings, garlands, and agricultural implements. Recognizing that the proper cultivation of the gods should not be neglected, she puts everything in good order, prompting a <a href="/wiki/Theophany" title="Theophany">theophany</a> of Ceres herself. Although Psyche prays for her aid, and Ceres acknowledges that she deserves it, the goddess is prohibited from helping her against a fellow goddess. A similar incident occurs at a temple of <a href="/wiki/Juno_(mythology)" title="Juno (mythology)">Juno</a>. Psyche realizes that she must serve Venus herself. </p><p>Venus revels in having the girl under her power, and turns Psyche over to her two handmaids, Worry and Sadness, to be whipped and tortured. Venus tears her clothes and bashes her head into the ground, and mocks her for conceiving a child in a sham marriage. The goddess then throws before her a great mass of mixed wheat, barley, poppyseed, chickpeas, lentils, and beans, demanding that she sort them into separate heaps by dawn. But when Venus withdraws to attend a wedding feast, a kind ant takes pity on Psyche, and assembles a fleet of insects to accomplish the task. Venus is furious when she returns drunk from the feast, and only tosses Psyche a crust of bread. At this point in the story, it is revealed that Cupid is also in the house of Venus, languishing from his injury. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giulio_Romano_-_Psyche%27s_Second_Task_(River_Deity)_-_WGA09570.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Giulio_Romano_-_Psyche%27s_Second_Task_%28River_Deity%29_-_WGA09570.jpg/250px-Giulio_Romano_-_Psyche%27s_Second_Task_%28River_Deity%29_-_WGA09570.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Giulio_Romano_-_Psyche%27s_Second_Task_%28River_Deity%29_-_WGA09570.jpg/330px-Giulio_Romano_-_Psyche%27s_Second_Task_%28River_Deity%29_-_WGA09570.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Giulio_Romano_-_Psyche%27s_Second_Task_%28River_Deity%29_-_WGA09570.jpg/500px-Giulio_Romano_-_Psyche%27s_Second_Task_%28River_Deity%29_-_WGA09570.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="942" /></a><figcaption><i>Psyche's Second Task</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerist</a>, 1526–28) by <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Romano_(painter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giulio Romano (painter)">Giulio Romano</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_del_T%C3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Palazzo del Tè">Palazzo del Tè</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At dawn, Venus sets a second task for Psyche. She is to cross a river and fetch golden wool from violent sheep who graze on the other side. These sheep are elsewhere identified as belonging to <a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Psyche's only intention is to drown herself on the way, but instead she is saved by instructions from a divinely inspired reed, of the type used to make musical instruments, and gathers the wool caught on <a href="/wiki/Thicket" title="Thicket">briers</a>. </p><p>For Psyche's third task, she is given a crystal vessel in which to collect the black water spewed by the source of the rivers <a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cocytus" title="Cocytus">Cocytus</a>. Climbing the cliff from which it issues, she is daunted by the foreboding air of the place and dragons slithering through the rocks, and falls into despair. Jupiter himself takes pity on her, and sends his eagle to battle the dragons and retrieve the water for her. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Psyche_and_the_underworld">Psyche and the underworld</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Psyche and the underworld"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The last trial Venus imposes on Psyche is a <a href="/wiki/Descent_to_the_underworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Descent to the underworld">quest to the underworld</a> itself. She is to take a box <i>(<a href="/wiki/Pyxis_(vessel)" title="Pyxis (vessel)">pyxis</a>)</i> and obtain in it a dose of the beauty of <a href="/wiki/Proserpina" title="Proserpina">Proserpina</a>, queen of the underworld. Venus claims her own beauty has faded through tending her ailing son, and she needs this remedy in order to attend the theatre of the gods <i>(theatrum deorum)</i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Psyche_aux_enfers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Psyche_aux_enfers.jpg/220px-Psyche_aux_enfers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Psyche_aux_enfers.jpg/330px-Psyche_aux_enfers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Psyche_aux_enfers.jpg/440px-Psyche_aux_enfers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><i>Psyché aux enfers</i> (1865) by <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ernest_Hillemacher" title="Eugène Ernest Hillemacher">Eugène Ernest Hillemacher</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charon_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charon (mythology)">Charon</a> rows Psyche past a dead man in the water and the old weavers on shore</figcaption></figure> <p>Once again despairing of her task, Psyche climbs a tower, planning to throw herself off. The tower, however, suddenly breaks into speech, and advises her to travel to <a href="/wiki/Lacedaemon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lacedaemon">Lacedaemon</a>, Greece, and to seek out the place called <a href="/wiki/Taenarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Taenarus">Taenarus</a>, where she will find the entrance to the underworld. The tower offers <a href="/wiki/Totenpass" title="Totenpass">instructions for navigating the underworld</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>The airway of <a href="/wiki/Dis_Pater" title="Dis Pater">Dis</a> is there, and through the yawning gates the pathless route is revealed. Once you cross the threshold, you are committed to the unswerving course that takes you to the very <a href="/wiki/Regia" title="Regia">Regia</a> of <a href="/wiki/Orcus_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orcus (mythology)">Orcus</a>. But you shouldn't go emptyhanded through the shadows past this point, but rather carry cakes of honeyed barley in both hands,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and transport <a href="/wiki/Charon%27s_obol#The_catabasis_of_Psyche" title="Charon's obol">two coins in your mouth</a>.</p></blockquote> <p>The speaking tower warns her to maintain silence as she passes by several ominous figures: a lame man driving a mule loaded with sticks, a dead man swimming in the river that separates the world of the living from the world of the dead, and old women weaving. These, the tower warns, will seek to divert her by pleading for her help: she must ignore them. The cakes are treats for distracting <a href="/wiki/Cerberus" title="Cerberus">Cerberus</a>, the three-headed watchdog of <a href="/wiki/Orcus" title="Orcus">Orcus</a>, and the two <a href="/wiki/Charon%27s_obol" title="Charon's obol">coins for Charon the ferryman</a>, so she can make a return trip. </p><p>Everything comes to pass according to plan, and Proserpina grants Psyche's humble entreaty. As soon as she reenters the light of day, however, Psyche is overcome by a bold curiosity, and can't resist opening the box in the hope of enhancing her own beauty. She finds nothing inside but an "infernal and Stygian sleep", which sends her into a deep and unmoving torpor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reunion_and_immortal_love">Reunion and immortal love</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Reunion and immortal love"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Psycheabduct.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Psycheabduct.jpg/250px-Psycheabduct.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="395" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Psycheabduct.jpg/330px-Psycheabduct.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Psycheabduct.jpg/500px-Psycheabduct.jpg 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="1757" /></a><figcaption><i>The Abduction of Psyche</i> by <a href="/wiki/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau" title="William-Adolphe Bouguereau">William-Adolphe Bouguereau</a>, 1895.</figcaption></figure> <p>Meanwhile, Cupid's wound has healed into a scar, and he escapes his mother's house by flying out of a window. When he finds Psyche, he draws the sleep from her face and replaces it in the box, then pricks her with an arrow that does no harm. He lifts her into the air, and takes her to present the box to Venus. </p><p>He then takes his case to <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>, who gives his consent in return for Cupid's future help whenever a choice maiden catches his eye. Zeus has <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a> convene an assembly of the gods in the theater of heaven, where he makes a public statement of approval, warns Venus to back off, and gives Psyche <a href="/wiki/Ambrosia" title="Ambrosia">ambrosia</a>, the drink of immortality,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so the couple can be united in marriage as equals. Their union, he says, will redeem Cupid from his history of provoking adultery and sordid liaisons.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zeus's word is solemnized with a wedding banquet. </p><p>With its happy marriage and resolution of conflicts, the tale ends in the manner of classic <a href="/wiki/Comedy" title="Comedy">comedy</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_novel" title="Ancient Greek novel">Greek romances</a> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Daphnis_and_Chloe" title="Daphnis and Chloe">Daphnis and Chloe</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The child born to the couple will be <a href="/wiki/Voluptas" title="Voluptas">Voluptas</a> (Greek <a href="/wiki/Hedone" title="Hedone">Hedone</a> <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">‘Ηδονή</span></span>), "Pleasure". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Wedding_of_Cupid_and_Psyche"><i>The Wedding of Cupid and Psyche</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The Wedding of Cupid and Psyche"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raffaello,_banchetto_nuziale_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Raffaello%2C_banchetto_nuziale_02.jpg/400px-Raffaello%2C_banchetto_nuziale_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Raffaello%2C_banchetto_nuziale_02.jpg/600px-Raffaello%2C_banchetto_nuziale_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Raffaello%2C_banchetto_nuziale_02.jpg/800px-Raffaello%2C_banchetto_nuziale_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1353" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><i>The Wedding Banquet of Cupid and Psyche</i> (1517) by <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> and his workshop, from the <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loggia_di_Psiche" class="extiw" title="it:Loggia di Psiche">Loggia di Psiche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villa_Farnesina" title="Villa Farnesina">Villa Farnesina</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marriage_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Marriage_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg/330px-Marriage_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg" decoding="async" width="301" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Marriage_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg/500px-Marriage_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Marriage_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg/602px-Marriage_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Godefroy Engelmann after Raphael, <i>Marriage of Cupid and Psyche</i>, 1825, lithograph</figcaption></figure> <p>The assembly of the gods has been a popular subject for both visual and performing arts, with the wedding banquet of Cupid and Psyche a particularly rich occasion. With the wedding of <a href="/wiki/Peleus" title="Peleus">Peleus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a>, this is the most common setting for a "<a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Gods_(art)" title="Feast of the Gods (art)">Feast of the Gods</a>" scene in art. Apuleius describes the scene in terms of a festive Roman dinner party <i>(<a href="/wiki/Cena" title="Cena">cena</a>)</i>. Cupid, now a husband, reclines in the place of honor (the <a href="/wiki/Triclinium" title="Triclinium">"top" couch</a>) and embraces Psyche in his lap. Zeus and <a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a> situate themselves likewise, and all the other gods are arranged in order. The cupbearer of Jove (Zeus's other Roman name) serves him with nectar, the "wine of the gods"; Apuleius refers to the cupbearer only as <i>ille rusticus puer</i>, "that country boy", and not as <a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(mythology)" title="Ganymede (mythology)">Ganymede</a>. <a href="/wiki/Liber" title="Liber">Liber</a>, the Roman god of wine, serves the rest of the company. <a href="/wiki/Volcanus" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanus">Vulcan</a>, the god of fire, cooks the food; the <a href="/wiki/Horae" title="Horae">Horae</a> ("Seasons" or "Hours") adorn, or more literally "empurple", everything with roses and other flowers; the <a href="/wiki/Gratiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gratiae">Graces</a> suffuse the setting with the scent of <a href="/wiki/Balsam" title="Balsam">balsam</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a> with melodic singing. Apollo sings to his <a href="/wiki/Cithara" class="mw-redirect" title="Cithara">lyre</a>, and Venus takes the starring role in dancing at the wedding, with the Muses as her chorus girls, a <a href="/wiki/Satyr" title="Satyr">satyr</a> blowing the <a href="/wiki/Aulos" title="Aulos">aulos</a> <i>(tibia</i> in Latin), and a young <a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)#All_of_the_Pans" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a> expressing himself through the <a href="/wiki/Pan_flute" title="Pan flute">pan pipes</a> <i>(fistula)</i>. </p><p>The wedding provides <a href="/wiki/Poetic_closure" title="Poetic closure">closure</a> for the narrative structure as well as for the love story: the mysteriously provided pleasures Psyche enjoyed in the <i><a href="/wiki/Domus" title="Domus">domus</a></i> of Cupid at the beginning of her odyssey, when she entered into a false marriage preceded by funeral rites, are reimagined in the hall of the gods following correct ritual procedure for a real marriage.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The arranging of the gods in their proper order <i>(in ordinem)</i> would evoke for the Roman audience the religious ceremony of the <i><a href="/wiki/Lectisternium" title="Lectisternium">lectisternium</a></i>, a public banquet held for the major deities in the form of statues arranged on luxurious couches, as if they were present and participating in the meal.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated182_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated182-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WLA_brooklynmuseum_Wedgewood-Marriage_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/WLA_brooklynmuseum_Wedgewood-Marriage_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg/220px-WLA_brooklynmuseum_Wedgewood-Marriage_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/WLA_brooklynmuseum_Wedgewood-Marriage_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg/330px-WLA_brooklynmuseum_Wedgewood-Marriage_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/WLA_brooklynmuseum_Wedgewood-Marriage_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg/440px-WLA_brooklynmuseum_Wedgewood-Marriage_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><i>Marriage of Cupid and Psyche</i> (c. 1773), <a href="/wiki/Jasperware" title="Jasperware">jasperware</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wedgwood" title="Wedgwood">Wedgwood</a> based on the 1st-century <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_gem" title="Marlborough gem">Marlborough gem</a>, which most likely was intended to depict an <a href="/wiki/Mystery_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystery religions">initiation rite</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a>)</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The wedding banquet was a favored theme for Renaissance art. As early as 1497, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Sabadino_degli_Arienti" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti">Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti</a> made the banquet central to his description of a now-lost Cupid and Psyche cycle at the <a href="/wiki/Villa_Belriguardo" class="mw-redirect" title="Villa Belriguardo">Villa Belriguardo</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a>. At the <a href="/wiki/Villa_Farnesina" title="Villa Farnesina">Villa Farnesina</a> in Rome, it is one of two main scenes for the Loggia di Psiche (ca. 1518) by <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> and his workshop, as well as for the Stanza di Psiche (1545–46) by <a href="/wiki/Perino_del_Vaga" title="Perino del Vaga">Perino del Vaga</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Castel_Sant%27_Angelo" class="mw-redirect" title="Castel Sant' Angelo">Castel Sant' Angelo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated182_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated182-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hendrick_Goltzius" title="Hendrick Goltzius">Hendrick Goltzius</a> introduced the subject to northern Europe with his "enormous" <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engraving</a> called <i>The Wedding of Cupid and Psyche</i> (1587, 43 by 85.4 cm),<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which influenced how other northern artists depicted assemblies of the gods in general.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engraving in turn had been taken from <a href="/wiki/Bartholomaeus_Spranger" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartholomaeus Spranger">Bartholomaeus Spranger</a>'s 1585 drawing of the same title, considered a "<i><a href="/wiki/Locus_classicus" title="Locus classicus">locus classicus</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mannerism" title="Northern Mannerism">Dutch Mannerism</a>" and discussed by <a href="/wiki/Karel_Van_Mander" class="mw-redirect" title="Karel Van Mander">Karel Van Mander</a> for its exemplary composition involving numerous figures.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 18th century, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Boucher" title="François Boucher">François Boucher</a>'s <i>Marriage of Cupid and Psyche</i> (1744) affirmed <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> ideals with the authority figure Jupiter presiding over a marriage of lovely equals. The painting reflects the <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> taste for pastels, fluid delicacy, and amorous scenarios infused with youth and beauty.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="As_allegory">As allegory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: As allegory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apuleius_Metamorphoses_c._24.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Apuleius_Metamorphoses_c._24.jpg/170px-Apuleius_Metamorphoses_c._24.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Apuleius_Metamorphoses_c._24.jpg/255px-Apuleius_Metamorphoses_c._24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Apuleius_Metamorphoses_c._24.jpg/340px-Apuleius_Metamorphoses_c._24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2888" /></a><figcaption>Psyche in the grove of Cupid, 1345 illustration of the <i>Metamorphoses</i>, <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana">Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The story of Cupid and Psyche was readily allegorized. In <a href="/wiki/Late_antiquity" title="Late antiquity">late antiquity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martianus_Capella" title="Martianus Capella">Martianus Capella</a> (5th century) refashions it as an allegory about the fall of the human soul.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Apuleius, immortality is granted to the soul of Psyche as a reward for commitment to sexual love. In the version of Martianus, sexual love draws Psyche into the material world that is subject to death:<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Cupid takes Psyche from Virtue and shackles her in <a href="/wiki/Adamant" title="Adamant">adamantine chains</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tale thus lent itself to adaptation in a Christian or <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mystical</a> context, often as symbolic of the soul.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Gnostic" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnostic">Gnostic</a> text <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_the_World" title="On the Origin of the World">On the Origin of the World</a></i>, the first rose is created from the blood of Psyche when she loses her virginity to Cupid.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the Christian mythographer <a href="/wiki/Fabius_Planciades_Fulgentius" title="Fabius Planciades Fulgentius">Fulgentius</a> (6th century), Psyche was an <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> figure, driven by sinful curiosity and lust from the paradise of Love's domain.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated56_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated56-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Psyche's sisters are Flesh and Free Will, and her parents are God and Matter.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To <a href="/wiki/Boccaccio" class="mw-redirect" title="Boccaccio">Boccaccio</a> (14th century), the marriage of Cupid and Psyche symbolized the union of soul and God.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated56_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated56-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The allure to interpret the story as a religious or philosophical allegory can still be found in modern scholarship. Psyche by her very name represents the aspirations of the human soul—towards a divine love personified in Cupid. This simplistic interpretation overlooks the original characterisation of Cupid as a corrupter who delights in disrupting marriages (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Ass" title="The Golden Ass">The Golden Ass</a></i> IV. 30) and was "notorious for his adulteries" (VI. 23), as well as the descriptions of his sensual unions with Psyche (V. 13), the aid Jupiter offers to Cupid in return for a new girl that Jupiter may seduce (VI. 22), and the name given to Cupid and Psyche's child (<i><a href="/wiki/Voluptas" title="Voluptas">Voluptas</a>/</i>Pleasure). However, when he admits that "I [Cupid], the famed archer, wounded myself with my own weapon, and made you [Psyche] my wife" (V. 24), having cut himself on <a href="/wiki/Cupid%27s_arrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupid's arrow">his own magic arrow</a> (which induces passionate love for the first person the victim lays eyes on), the temptation for an allegorical interpretation of the story becomes somewhat complexified but not inherently contradictory or unsubstantiated. The arrows of desire make it so that the victim cannot be satisfied with anyone except the sole target of their newfound affections; thus, Cupid's former predilections no longer occupy the same prominence they once held in his character, so that he changes from a wanton homewrecker to a devoted husband by the end of the narrative. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classical_tradition">Classical tradition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Classical tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apuleius's novel was among the ancient texts that made the crucial transition from <a href="/wiki/Scroll" title="Scroll">roll</a> to <a href="/wiki/Codex" title="Codex">codex</a> form when it was edited at the end of the 4th century. It was known to Latin writers such as <a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macrobius" title="Macrobius">Macrobius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidonius_Apollinaris" title="Sidonius Apollinaris">Sidonius Apollinaris</a>, Martianus Capella, and Fulgentius, but toward the end of the 6th century lapsed into obscurity and survived what was formerly known as the "<a href="/wiki/Dark_Ages_(historiography)" title="Dark Ages (historiography)">Dark Ages</a>" through perhaps a single <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscript</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Metamorphoses</i> remained unknown in the 13th century,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but copies began to circulate in the mid-1300s among the <a href="/wiki/Italian_humanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian humanism">early humanists</a> of <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Florence" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance Florence">Florence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boccaccio's text and interpretation of <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Genealogia_deorum_gentilium" class="mw-redirect" title="Genealogia deorum gentilium">Genealogia deorum gentilium</a></i> (written in the 1370s and published 1472) was a major impetus to the reception of the tale in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Italian Renaissance</a> and to its dissemination throughout Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most popular images from the tale was Psyche's discovery of a naked Cupid sleeping, found in ceramics, <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a>, and frescos. <a href="/wiki/Mannerist" class="mw-redirect" title="Mannerist">Mannerist</a> painters were intensely drawn to the scene.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated168_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated168-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In England, the Cupid and Psyche theme had its "most lustrous period" from 1566 to 1635, beginning with the first English translation by <a href="/wiki/William_Adlington" title="William Adlington">William Adlington</a>. A fresco cycle for <a href="/wiki/Hill_Hall_(Essex)" title="Hill Hall (Essex)">Hill Hall, Essex</a>, was modeled indirectly after that of the Villa Farnesina around 1570,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Heywood" title="Thomas Heywood">Thomas Heywood</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Masque" title="Masque">masque</a> <i>Love's Mistress</i> dramatized the tale to celebrate the wedding of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrietta Maria">Henrietta Maria</a>, who later had her <a href="/wiki/Withdrawing_chamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Withdrawing chamber">withdrawing chamber</a> decorated with a 22-painting <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> cycle by <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Jordaens" title="Jacob Jordaens">Jacob Jordaens</a>. The cycle took the divinization of Psyche as the centerpiece of the ceiling, and was a vehicle for the Neoplatonism the queen brought with her from France.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> produced by <a href="/wiki/Orazio_Gentileschi" title="Orazio Gentileschi">Orazio Gentileschi</a> for the royal couple shows a fully robed Psyche whose compelling interest is psychological, while Cupid is mostly nude.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hermitageoraziogentileschicupidandpsyche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hermitageoraziogentileschicupidandpsyche.jpg/250px-Hermitageoraziogentileschicupidandpsyche.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hermitageoraziogentileschicupidandpsyche.jpg/330px-Hermitageoraziogentileschicupidandpsyche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Hermitageoraziogentileschicupidandpsyche.jpg/500px-Hermitageoraziogentileschicupidandpsyche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1914" data-file-height="1765" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orazio_Gentileschi" title="Orazio Gentileschi">Orazio Gentileschi</a> exposed the erotic vulnerability of the male figure in his <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> (1628–30)</figcaption></figure> <p>Another peak of interest in <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> occurred in the Paris of the late 1790s and early 1800s, reflected in a proliferation of opera, ballet, <a href="/wiki/Salon_(Paris)" title="Salon (Paris)">Salon art</a>, deluxe book editions, interior decoration such as clocks and wall paneling, and even hairstyles. In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, the myth became a vehicle for the refashioning of the self.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In English intellectual and artistic circles around the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, the fashion for <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> accompanied a fascination for the ancient <a href="/wiki/Mystery_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystery religions">mystery religions</a>. In writing about the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Vase" title="Portland Vase">Portland Vase</a>, which was obtained by the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> around 1810, <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Darwin" title="Erasmus Darwin">Erasmus Darwin</a> speculated that the myth of Cupid and Psyche was part of the <a href="/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysteries" title="Eleusinian Mysteries">Eleusinian cycle</a>. With his interest in <a href="/wiki/Natural_philosophy" title="Natural philosophy">natural philosophy</a>, Darwin saw the butterfly as an apt emblem of the soul because it began as an earthbound caterpillar, "died" into the <a href="/wiki/Pupa" title="Pupa">pupal stage</a>, and was then resurrected as a beautiful winged creature.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1491, the poet Niccolò da Correggio retold the story with Cupid as the narrator.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated57_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated57-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a> alludes to the story at the conclusion of <i><a href="/wiki/Comus_(John_Milton)" class="mw-redirect" title="Comus (John Milton)">Comus</a></i> (1634), attributing not one but two children to the couple: Youth and Joy. <a href="/wiki/Shackerley_Marmion" title="Shackerley Marmion">Shackerley Marmion</a> wrote a verse version called <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> (1637), and <a href="/wiki/La_Fontaine" class="mw-redirect" title="La Fontaine">La Fontaine</a> adapted the story into a mixed prose and verse romance named <i>Les Amours de Psiché et de Cupidon</i> (<i>The Loves of Cupid and Psyche</i>; 1669).<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated57_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated57-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Blake%27s_mythology" title="William Blake's mythology">William Blake's mythology</a> draws on elements of the tale particularly in the figures of <a href="/wiki/Luvah" title="Luvah">Luvah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vala_(Blake)" title="Vala (Blake)">Vala</a>. Luvah takes on the various guises of Apuleius's Cupid: beautiful and winged; disembodied voice; and serpent. <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">Blake</a>, who mentions his admiration for Apuleius in his notes, combines the myth with the spiritual quest expressed through the eroticism of the <a href="/wiki/Song_of_Solomon" class="mw-redirect" title="Song of Solomon">Song of Solomon</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Shulamite" title="Shulamite">Shulamite</a> as a parallel couple.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cupid_and_psyche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cupid_and_psyche.jpg/330px-Cupid_and_psyche.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cupid_and_psyche.jpg/500px-Cupid_and_psyche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Cupid_and_psyche.jpg/960px-Cupid_and_psyche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="988" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Love_and_Psyche_(David)" title="Love and Psyche (David)">Cupid and Psyche</a></i> (1817) by <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a>: the choice of narrative moment—a <a href="/wiki/Libertine" title="Libertine">libertine</a> adolescent Cupid departs Psyche's bed with "malign joy"<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—was a new twist on the well-worn subject<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mary_Tighe" title="Mary Tighe">Mary Tighe</a> published her poem <i>Psyche</i> in 1805. She added some details to the story, such as placing two springs in Venus' garden, one with sweet water and one with bitter. When Cupid starts to obey his mother's command, he brings some of both to a sleeping Psyche, but places only the bitter water on Psyche's lips. Tighe's Venus only asks one task of Psyche, to bring her the forbidden water, but in performing this task Psyche wanders into a country bordering on <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Spenser" title="Edmund Spenser">Spenser</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Faerie_Queene" title="The Faerie Queene">Fairie Queene</a></i> as Psyche is aided by a mysterious visored knight and his squire Constance, and must escape various traps set by Vanity, Flattery, Ambition, Credulity, Disfida (who lives in a "Gothic castle"), Varia and Geloso. Spenser's <a href="/wiki/Blatant_Beast" class="mw-redirect" title="Blatant Beast">Blatant Beast</a> also makes an appearance. Tighe's work influenced English lyric poetry on the theme, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Ode_to_Psyche" title="Ode to Psyche">Ode to Psyche</a></i> (1820) by <a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">John Keats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon" title="Letitia Elizabeth Landon">Letitia Elizabeth Landon</a>'s poem <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> (1826) illustrates an engraving of a painting by W. E. West. </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a> retold the Cupid and Psyche story in verse in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Earthly_Paradise" title="The Earthly Paradise">The Earthly Paradise</a></i> (1868–70), and a chapter in <a href="/wiki/Walter_Pater" title="Walter Pater">Walter Pater</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Marius_the_Epicurean" title="Marius the Epicurean">Marius the Epicurean</a></i> (1885) was a prose translation.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated57_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated57-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About the same time, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bridges" title="Robert Bridges">Robert Bridges</a> wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Eros_and_Psyche_(Robert_Bridges)" title="Eros and Psyche (Robert Bridges)">Eros and Psyche: A Narrative Poem in Twelve Measures</a></i> (1885; 1894). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Townsend_Warner" title="Sylvia Townsend Warner">Sylvia Townsend Warner</a> transferred the story to <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> England in her novel <i>The True Heart</i> (1929), though few readers made the connection till she pointed it out herself.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other literary adaptations include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Robber_Bridegroom_(novel)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Robber Bridegroom (novel)">The Robber Bridegroom</a></i> (1942), a novella by <a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Till_We_Have_Faces" title="Till We Have Faces">Till We Have Faces</a></i> (1956), a version by <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a> narrated by a sister of Psyche; and the poem "Psyche: 'Love drove her to Hell'" by <a href="/wiki/H.D." title="H.D.">H.D. (Hilda Doolittle)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Johnson_(psychotherapist)" title="Robert A. Johnson (psychotherapist)">Robert A. Johnson</a> made use of the story in his book <i>She: Understanding Feminine Psychology</i>, published in 1976 by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harpercollins.com/search-results?contributor=robert-a-johnson">HarperCollinsPublishers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Translations">Translations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Adlington" title="William Adlington">William Adlington</a> made the first translation into English of Apuleius's <i>Metamorphoses</i> in 1566, under the title <i>The XI Bookes of the Golden Asse, Conteininge the Metamorphosie of Lucius Apuleius</i>. Adlington seems not to have been interested in a Neoplatonic reading, but his translation consistently suppresses the sensuality of the original.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated168_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated168-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Taylor_(neoplatonist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Taylor (neoplatonist)">Thomas Taylor</a> published an influential translation of <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> in 1795, several years before his complete <i>Metamorphoses</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A translation by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Robert Graves</a> appeared in 1951 as <i>The Transformations of Lucius Otherwise Known as THE GOLDEN ASS, A New Translation by Robert Graves from Apuleius</i>, published by <a href="/wiki/Farrar,_Straus_%26_Giroux" class="mw-redirect" title="Farrar, Straus & Giroux">Farrar, Straus & Giroux</a>, New York. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Folklore_and_children's_literature"><span id="Folklore_and_children.27s_literature"></span>Folklore and children's literature</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Folklore and children's literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Burne-Jones_Pan_and_Psyche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Edward_Burne-Jones_Pan_and_Psyche.jpg/250px-Edward_Burne-Jones_Pan_and_Psyche.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Edward_Burne-Jones_Pan_and_Psyche.jpg/330px-Edward_Burne-Jones_Pan_and_Psyche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Edward_Burne-Jones_Pan_and_Psyche.jpg/500px-Edward_Burne-Jones_Pan_and_Psyche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1708" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a> and Psyche</i> (1872–74) by Edward Burne-Jones</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Origins">Origins</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Folklore scholarship has also occupied itself with the possible origin of the narrative.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Swedish folklorist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan-%C3%96jvind_Swahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan-Öjvind Swahn (page does not exist)">Jan-Öjvind Swahn</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan-%C3%96jvind_Swahn" class="extiw" title="sv:Jan-Öjvind Swahn">sv</a>]</span>, who authored a long study on the story, German philologist <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Friedl%C3%A4nder" title="Ludwig Friedländer">Ludwig Friedländer</a> and Russian folklorist <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Propp" title="Vladimir Propp">Vladimir Propp</a> defended the idea that it originated from a legitimate folklore source.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some scholars tend to look for a single source: <a href="/wiki/Stith_Thompson" title="Stith Thompson">Stith Thompson</a> suggested an Italian origin,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Lesky, Gédeon Huet<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georgios_A._Megas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georgios A. Megas (page does not exist)">Georgios A. Megas</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%82" class="extiw" title="el:Γεώργιος Μέγας">el</a>]</span> indicated a Greek origin.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> French <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89mile_Dermenghem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Émile Dermenghem (page does not exist)">Émile Dermenghem</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Dermenghem" class="extiw" title="fr:Émile Dermenghem">fr</a>]</span> favoured a North African source,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by French researchers Nedjima and Emmanuel Plantade, who all argue that the tale is a reworking of <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berber</a> folklore, since Apuleius was born and lived in <a href="/wiki/Madauros" title="Madauros">Madauros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Numidia_(Roman_province)" title="Numidia (Roman province)">Numidia</a>, located in what is modern day Algeria.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another line of scholars argue for some myth that underlines the Apuleian narrative. German classicist <a href="/wiki/Richard_August_Reitzenstein" title="Richard August Reitzenstein">Richard August Reitzenstein</a> supposed on an "Iranian sacral myth", brought to Greece via Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Graham Anderson argues for a reworking of mythic material from Asia Minor (namely, <a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Telipinu_(mythology)" title="Telipinu (mythology)">Myth of Telipinu</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a study published posthumously, Romanian folklorist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petru_Caraman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petru Caraman (page does not exist)">Petru Caraman</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petru_Caraman" class="extiw" title="ro:Petru Caraman">ro</a>]</span> also argued for a folkloric origin, but was of the notion that Apuleius superimposed Graeco-Roman mythology on a pre-Christian myth about a serpentine or draconic husband, or a "King of Snakes" that becomes human at night.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other extreme, German classicist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Detlev_Fehling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detlev Fehling (page does not exist)">Detlev Fehling</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detlev_Fehling" class="extiw" title="de:Detlev Fehling">de</a>]</span> took a hard and skeptical approach and considered the tale to be a literary invention of Apuleius himself.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Literary_legacy">Literary legacy</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Literary legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Friedländer also listed several European tales of marriage between a human maiden and prince cursed to be an animal, as related to the "Cupid and Psyche" cycle of stories (which later became known as "<a href="/wiki/The_Search_for_the_Lost_Husband" class="mw-redirect" title="The Search for the Lost Husband">The Search for the Lost Husband</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Animal_as_Bridegroom" title="Animal as Bridegroom">Animal as Bridegroom</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Bettelheim" title="Bruno Bettelheim">Bruno Bettelheim</a> notes in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Uses_of_Enchantment" title="The Uses of Enchantment">The Uses of Enchantment</a></i> that the 18th-century fairy tale <i><a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast" title="Beauty and the Beast">Beauty and the Beast</a></i> is a version of <i>Cupid and Psyche</i>. Motifs from Apuleius occur in several fairy tales, including <i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella" title="Cinderella">Cinderella</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Rumpelstiltskin" title="Rumpelstiltskin">Rumpelstiltskin</a></i>, in versions collected by folklorists trained in the classical tradition, such as <a href="/wiki/Charles_Perrault" title="Charles Perrault">Charles Perrault</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grimm_brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Grimm brothers">Grimm brothers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Grimm version, Cinderella is given the task of sorting lentils and peas from ash, and is aided by birds just as ants help Psyche in the sorting of grain and legumes imposed on her by Venus. Like Cinderella, Psyche has two envious sisters who compete with her for the most desirable male. Cinderella's sisters mutilate their own feet to emulate her, while Psyche's are dashed to death on a rocky cliff.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Hans Christian Andersen</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Mermaid" title="The Little Mermaid">The Little Mermaid</a></i>, the Little Mermaid is given a dagger by her sisters, who, in an attempt to end all the suffering she endured and to let her become a mermaid again, attempt to persuade her to use it to slay the Prince while he is asleep with his new bride. She cannot bring herself to kill the Prince, however. Unlike Psyche, who becomes immortal, she doesn't receive his love in return, but she, nevertheless, ultimately earns the eternal soul she yearns for. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bulfinch" title="Thomas Bulfinch">Thomas Bulfinch</a> wrote a shorter adaptation of the Cupid and Psyche tale for his <i>Age of Fable</i>, borrowing Tighe's invention of Cupid's self-wounding, which did not appear in the original. <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Preston_Peabody" title="Josephine Preston Peabody">Josephine Preston Peabody</a> wrote a version for children in her <i>Old Greek Folk Stories Told Anew</i> (1897). </p><p><a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Till_We_Have_Faces" title="Till We Have Faces">Till We Have Faces</a></i> is a retelling of Apuleius' <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> from the perspective of one of Psyche's sisters. <i><a href="/wiki/Till_We_Have_Faces" title="Till We Have Faces">Till We Have Faces</a></i> is C. S. Lewis' last work of fiction and elaborates on Apuleius' story in a modern way. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performing_arts">Performing arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Performing arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1634, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Heywood" title="Thomas Heywood">Thomas Heywood</a> turned the tale of Cupid and Psyche into a <a href="/wiki/Masque" title="Masque">masque</a> for the court of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully">Lully</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Psych%C3%A9_(opera)" title="Psyché (opera)">Psyché</a></i> (1678) is a Baroque <a href="/wiki/French_opera" title="French opera">French opera</a> (a "<a href="/wiki/Trag%C3%A9die_lyrique" class="mw-redirect" title="Tragédie lyrique">tragédie lyrique</a>") based on <a href="/wiki/Psych%C3%A9_(play)" title="Psyché (play)">the 1671 play</a> by <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>, which had musical <i><a href="/wiki/Interm%C3%A8de" title="Intermède">intermèdes</a></i> by Lully. <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Locke_(composer)" title="Matthew Locke (composer)">Matthew Locke</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Semi-opera" title="Semi-opera">semi-opera</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(Locke)" title="Psyche (Locke)">Psyche</a></i> (1675) is a loose reworking from the 1671 production. In 1800, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Abeille" title="Ludwig Abeille">Ludwig Abeille</a> premièred his four-act German opera <i>(<a href="/wiki/Singspiel" title="Singspiel">singspiel</a>)</i> <i><a href="/wiki/Amor_und_Psyche" title="Amor und Psyche">Amor und Psyche</a></i>, with a <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Carl_Hiemer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Carl Hiemer (page does not exist)">Franz Carl Hiemer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Carl_Hiemer" class="extiw" title="fr:Franz Carl Hiemer">fr</a>]</span> based on Apuleius. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Psyche_et_LAmour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Psyche_et_LAmour.jpg/250px-Psyche_et_LAmour.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Psyche_et_LAmour.jpg/330px-Psyche_et_LAmour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Psyche_et_LAmour.jpg/500px-Psyche_et_LAmour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><i>Psyche et L'Amour</i> (1889) by <a href="/wiki/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau" title="William-Adolphe Bouguereau">Bouguereau</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 19th century, <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> was a source for "transformations", visual interludes involving <i><a href="/wiki/Tableaux_vivants" class="mw-redirect" title="Tableaux vivants">tableaux vivants</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Scrim_(material)" title="Scrim (material)">transparencies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stage_machinery" title="Stage machinery">stage machinery</a> that were presented between the scenes of a <a href="/wiki/Pantomime" title="Pantomime">pantomime</a> but extraneous to the plot.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1890s, when <i>tableaux vivants</i> or "living pictures" were in vogue as a part of <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a>, the 1889 <i>Psyché et l'Amour</i> of <a href="/wiki/Bouguereau" class="mw-redirect" title="Bouguereau">Bouguereau</a> was among the artworks staged. To create these <i>tableaux</i>, costumed performers "froze" in poses before a background copied meticulously from the original and enlarged within a giant picture frame. Nudity was feigned by flesh-colored <a href="/wiki/Bodystocking" title="Bodystocking">bodystockings</a> that negotiated standards of realism, good taste, and morality.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Claims of educational and artistic value allowed female nudes—a popular attraction—to evade censorship.<sup id="cite_ref-Callaway,_p._76_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Callaway,_p._76-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Psyché et l'Amour</i> was reproduced by the <a href="/wiki/Scenic_painter" class="mw-redirect" title="Scenic painter">scenic painter</a> Edouard von Kilanyi, who made a tour of Europe and the United States beginning in 1892,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by George Gordon in an Australian production that began its run in December 1894.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The illusion of flight was so difficult to sustain that this <i>tableau</i> was necessarily brief.<sup id="cite_ref-Callaway,_p._76_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Callaway,_p._76-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The performer billed as "The Modern Milo" during this period specialized in recreating female sculptures, a <i>Psyche</i> in addition to her namesake <i><a href="/wiki/Venus_de_Milo" title="Venus de Milo">Venus de Milo</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Ashton" title="Frederick Ashton">Frederick Ashton</a> choreographed a <a href="/wiki/Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a> <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> with music by <a href="/wiki/Lord_Berners" title="Lord Berners">Lord Berners</a> and decor by Sir Francis Rose, first performed on 27 April 1939 by the <a href="/wiki/Sadler%27s_Wells_Ballet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadler's Wells Ballet">Sadler's Wells Ballet</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ballet" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Ballet">Royal Ballet</a>). Frank Staff danced as Cupid, <a href="/wiki/Julia_Farron" title="Julia Farron">Julia Farron</a> as Psyche, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Somes" title="Michael Somes">Michael Somes</a> as Pan, and <a href="/wiki/June_Brae" title="June Brae">June Brae</a> as Venus.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modern_adaptations">Modern adaptations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Modern adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Cupid_and_Psyche_%281897%29.webm/220px--Cupid_and_Psyche_%281897%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="29" data-mwtitle="Cupid_and_Psyche_(1897).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Cupid_and_Psyche_(1897).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Cupid_and_Psyche_%281897%29.webm/Cupid_and_Psyche_%281897%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Cupid_and_Psyche_%281897%29.webm/Cupid_and_Psyche_%281897%29.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="960" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Cupid_and_Psyche_%281897%29.webm/Cupid_and_Psyche_%281897%29.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1440" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Cupid_and_Psyche_%281897%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="1440" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Cupid_and_Psyche_%281897%29.webm/Cupid_and_Psyche_%281897%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Cupid_and_Psyche_%281897%29.webm/Cupid_and_Psyche_%281897%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Cupid_and_Psyche_%281897%29.webm/Cupid_and_Psyche_%281897%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/Cupid_and_Psyche_%281897%29.webm/Cupid_and_Psyche_%281897%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>An American <a href="/wiki/Vaudeville" title="Vaudeville">vaudeville</a> performance from 1897 as Cupid and Psyche</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Cupid and Psyche</i> continues to be a source of inspiration for modern playwrights and composers. Notable adaptations include: </p> <ul><li><i>Psyche</i> (<a href="/wiki/Symphonic_poem" title="Symphonic poem">symphonic poem</a>) by <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Franck" title="César Franck">César Franck</a> (1888)<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Till_We_Have_Faces" title="Till We Have Faces"><i>Till We Have Faces: A Myth Retold</i></a> by C. S. Lewis <sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Psyché:poème dramatique en trois actes," (play) by <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Mourey" title="Gabriel Mourey">Gabriel Mourey</a>, Paris, Mercure de France, 1913. "Syrinx" was composed by <a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a> as incidental music for the play.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Eros and Psyche</i> (opera) with libretto by <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_%C5%BBu%C5%82awski" title="Jerzy Żuławski">Jerzy Żuławski</a>, composed by <a href="/wiki/Ludomir_R%C3%B3%C5%BCycki" title="Ludomir Różycki">Ludomir Różycki</a> (Wroclaw, Poland, 1917) <sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>' 'Psyche: An Opera in Three Acts<i> (opera) based on the novel </i>Psyche<i> by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Couperus" title="Louis Couperus">Louis Couperus</a>, composed by Meta Overman (1955) <sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses_(play)" title="Metamorphoses (play)">Metamorphoses</a></i> (play) by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Zimmerman" title="Mary Zimmerman">Mary Zimmerman</a>, adapted from the <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classic</a> <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a> poem <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i>, including the myth of <i>Eros and Psyche</i> (<a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>, 1996; <a href="/wiki/Circle_in_the_Square_Theatre" title="Circle in the Square Theatre">Circle in the Square Theatre</a>, Broadway, NYC 2002)</li> <li><i>The Golden Ass</i> (play) by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Oswald" title="Peter Oswald">Peter Oswald</a>, adapted from <a href="/wiki/Apuleius" title="Apuleius">Apuleius</a>, commissioned for <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_Globe" title="Shakespeare's Globe">Shakespeare's Globe</a> (London, England 2002) <sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Cupid and Psyche</i> (musical) by with book and lyrics by Sean Hartley and music by Jihwan Kim (New York City, NY 2003)<i>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Cupid and Psyche</i> (<a href="/wiki/Verse_drama_and_dramatic_verse" title="Verse drama and dramatic verse">verse drama</a>) by Joseph Fisher (<a href="/wiki/Stark_Raving_Theatre" title="Stark Raving Theatre">Stark Raving Theatre</a>, Portland, OR 2002; Staged Reading: <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Shakespeare_Festival" title="Oregon Shakespeare Festival">Oregon Shakespeare Festival</a>, 2002) <sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Amor & Psyche</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pastiche" title="Pastiche">pastiche</a> opera) arranged by Alan Dornak (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.operaferoce.com/">Opera Feroce</a>, part of Vertical Player Repertory, New York City, 2010)<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Cupid and Psyche: An Internet Love Story</i> (play) by Maria Hernandez, Emma Rosecan and Alexis Stickovitch (YouthPLAYS, 2012) <sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Psyche: A Modern Rock Opera</i> (<a href="/wiki/Rock_opera" title="Rock opera">rock opera</a>) by Cindy Shapiro (Greenway Court Theater, Los Angeles, CA, 2014) <sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Cupid and Psyche</i> (<a href="/wiki/Verse_drama_and_dramatic_verse" title="Verse drama and dramatic verse">verse drama</a>) by <a href="/wiki/Emily_C._A._Snyder" title="Emily C. A. Snyder">Emily C. A. Snyder</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turntoflesh.org">Turn to Flesh Productions</a> [TTF], New York City, NY, 2014).<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Emily_C._A._Snyder#Love_and_Death_Trilogy" title="Emily C. A. Snyder">Love and Death Trilogy</a></i> (Staged Reading, TTF, New York City, NY 2018) <sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Amor and Psyche (In Times of Plagues)</i> (<a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">Short film</a>) by <a href="/wiki/VestAndPage" title="VestAndPage">VestAndPage</a> (2020) <sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Amore e Psiche" (opera) by <a href="/wiki/Fabio_Mengozzi" title="Fabio Mengozzi">Fabio Mengozzi</a> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychology">Psychology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Psychology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fragonard_psyche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Fragonard_psyche.jpg/250px-Fragonard_psyche.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Fragonard_psyche.jpg/375px-Fragonard_psyche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Fragonard_psyche.jpg/500px-Fragonard_psyche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="654" /></a><figcaption>Psyche showing her Sisters her Gifts from Cupid, Painting by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard" title="Jean-Honoré Fragonard">Jean-Honoré Fragonard</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Viewed in terms of psychology rather than allegory, the tale of Cupid and Psyche shows how "a mutable person … matures within the <a href="/wiki/Social_constructionism" title="Social constructionism">social constructs</a> of family and marriage".<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Archetypal_psychology#Psyche_or_Soul" title="Archetypal psychology">Jungian allegory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Erich_Neumann_(psychologist)" title="Erich Neumann (psychologist)">Erich Neumann</a> (1956), the story of Psyche was interpreted as "the psychic development of the feminine".<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Cupid and Psyche</i> has been analyzed from a <a href="/wiki/Feminist_criticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist criticism">feminist perspective</a> as a paradigm of how the gender unity of women is disintegrated through rivalry and envy, replacing the bonds of sisterhood with an ideal of heterosexual love.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This theme was explored in <i>Psyche's Sisters: Reimagining the Meaning of Sisterhood</i> (1988) by <a href="/wiki/Christine_Downing" title="Christine Downing">Christine Downing</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who uses <a href="/wiki/Polytheistic_myth_as_psychology" title="Polytheistic myth as psychology">myth as a medium for psychology</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/James_Hillman" title="James Hillman">James Hillman</a> made the story the basis for his critique of scientific psychology, <i>The Myth of Analysis: Three Essays in Archetypal Psychology</i> (1983). <a href="/wiki/Carol_Gilligan" title="Carol Gilligan">Carol Gilligan</a> uses the story as the basis for much of her analysis of love and relationships in <i>The Birth of Pleasure</i> (Knopf, 2002). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fine_and_decorative_arts">Fine and decorative arts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Fine and decorative arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The story of Cupid and Psyche is depicted in a wide range of visual media. Psyche is often represented with butterfly wings, and the butterfly is her frequent attribute and a symbol of the soul, though the literary <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> never says that she has or acquires wings. In <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">antiquity</a>, an iconographical tradition existed independently of Apuleius's tale and influenced later depictions.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ancient_art">Ancient art</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ancient art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cupid_and_Psyche,_Roman_sarcophagus_panel_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00753.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cupid_and_Psyche%2C_Roman_sarcophagus_panel_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00753.JPG/290px-Cupid_and_Psyche%2C_Roman_sarcophagus_panel_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00753.JPG" decoding="async" width="290" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cupid_and_Psyche%2C_Roman_sarcophagus_panel_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00753.JPG/435px-Cupid_and_Psyche%2C_Roman_sarcophagus_panel_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00753.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Cupid_and_Psyche%2C_Roman_sarcophagus_panel_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00753.JPG/580px-Cupid_and_Psyche%2C_Roman_sarcophagus_panel_-_Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC00753.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4281" data-file-height="1678" /></a><figcaption>On this fragment from a sarcophagus used in the early 4th century, Cupid and a butterfly-winged Psyche frame a portrait of the deceased, carried on an eagle with a <a href="/wiki/Cornucopia" title="Cornucopia">cornucopia</a> and spilling basket of fruit<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Museum_of_Art" title="Indianapolis Museum of Art">Indianapolis Museum of Art</a>)</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BegramMedallion5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/BegramMedallion5.jpg/250px-BegramMedallion5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/BegramMedallion5.jpg/330px-BegramMedallion5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/BegramMedallion5.jpg/500px-BegramMedallion5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1101" data-file-height="943" /></a><figcaption>Eros and Psyche plaster medallion (1st century A.D.)<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> excavated in Begram, collections of <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Afghanistan" title="National Museum of Afghanistan">National Museum of Afghanistan</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on exhibit at British Museum, London.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Some extant examples suggest that in antiquity Cupid and Psyche could have a religious or mystical meaning. <a href="/wiki/Ring_(jewellery)" title="Ring (jewellery)">Rings</a> bearing their likeness, several of which come from <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a>, may have served an <a href="/wiki/Amulet" title="Amulet">amuletic</a> purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Engraved_gem" title="Engraved gem">Engraved gems</a> from Britain represent spiritual torment with the image of Cupid torching a butterfly.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two are also depicted in high relief in mass-produced Roman domestic plaster wares from the 1st to 2nd centuries AD found in excavations at Greco-Bactrian merchant settlements on the ancient Silk Road at Begram in Afghanistan<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see gallery below). The allegorical pairing depicts perfection of human love in integrated embrace of body and soul ('psyche' Greek for butterfly symbol for transcendent immortal life after death). On <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Roman_sarcophagi" title="Ancient Roman sarcophagi">sarcophagi</a>, the couple often seem to represent an allegory of love overcoming death.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated338_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated338-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A relief of Cupid and Psyche was displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Mithraeum" title="Mithraeum">mithraeum</a> of <a href="/wiki/Capua" title="Capua">Capua</a>, but it is unclear whether it expresses a <a href="/wiki/Mithraic_mysteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Mithraic mysteries">Mithraic</a> quest for salvation, or was simply a subject that appealed to an individual for other reasons. Psyche is invoked with "Providence" <i>(Pronoia)</i> at the beginning of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Mithras_Liturgy" title="Mithras Liturgy">Mithras Liturgy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Late_antiquity" title="Late antiquity">late antiquity</a>, the couple are often shown in a "chin-chuck" embrace, a gesture of "erotic communion" with a long history.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rediscovery of freestanding sculptures of the couple influenced several significant works of the modern era. </p><p>Other depictions surviving from antiquity include a 2nd-century <a href="/wiki/File:Epoca_romana,_papiro_con_amore_e_psiche,_II_sec_dc.JPG" title="File:Epoca romana, papiro con amore e psiche, II sec dc.JPG">papyrus illustration</a> possibly of the tale,<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a ceiling <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a> at <a href="/wiki/History_of_Trier#Roman_Empire" title="History of Trier">Trier</a> executed during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I">Constantine I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated338_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated338-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alphonse_Legros_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Alphonse_Legros_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/250px-Alphonse_Legros_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Alphonse_Legros_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Alphonse_Legros_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Alphonse_Legros_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/500px-Alphonse_Legros_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2769" data-file-height="2262" /></a><figcaption><i>Cupid and Psyche</i> (1867) by <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Legros" title="Alphonse Legros">Alphonse Legros</a>, criticized for rendering female nudity as "commonplace"</figcaption></figure> <p>Works of art proliferated after the rediscovery of Apuleius's text, in conjunction with the influence of classical sculpture. In the mid-15th century, Cupid and Psyche became a popular subject for Italian wedding chests <i>(<a href="/wiki/Cassone" title="Cassone">cassoni</a>)</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> particularly those of the <a href="/wiki/Medici_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Medici family">Medici</a>. The choice was most likely prompted by Boccaccio's Christianized allegory. The earliest of these <i>cassoni</i>, dated variously to the years 1444–1470,<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pictures the narrative in two parts: from Psyche's conception to her abandonment by Cupid; and her wanderings and the happy ending.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the wedding of <a href="/wiki/Peleus" title="Peleus">Peleus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a>, the subject was the most common choice for specifying paintings of the <a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Gods_(art)" title="Feast of the Gods (art)">Feast of the Gods</a>, which were popular from the Renaissance to <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mannerism" title="Northern Mannerism">Northern Mannerism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Cupid and Psyche</i> is a rich source for scenarios, and several artists have produced cycles of works based on it, including the frescoes at the <a href="/wiki/Villa_Farnesina" title="Villa Farnesina">Villa Farnesina</a> (ca. 1518) by <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> and his workshop; frescoes at <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_del_T%C3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Palazzo del Tè">Palazzo del Tè</a> (1527–28) by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giulio_Romano_(painter)Giulio_Romano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giulio Romano (painter)Giulio Romano (page does not exist)">Giulio Romano (painter)Giulio Romano</a>; <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engravings</a> by the "<a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Die" title="Master of the Die">Master of the Die</a>" (mid-16th century); and paintings by the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelite</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones" title="Edward Burne-Jones">Edward Burne-Jones</a> (in the 1870s–90s).<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burne-Jones also executed a series of 47 drawings intended as illustrations for Morris's poem.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> was the subject of the only cycle of <a href="/wiki/Printmaking" title="Printmaking">prints</a> created by the German <a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolist</a> <a href="/wiki/Max_Klinger" title="Max Klinger">Max Klinger</a> (1857–1920) to illustrate a specific story.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The special interest in the wedding as a subject in Northern Mannerism seems to spring from a large <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engraving</a> of 1587 by <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Goltzius" class="mw-redirect" title="Hendrik Goltzius">Hendrik Goltzius</a> in <a href="/wiki/Haarlem" title="Haarlem">Haarlem</a> of a drawing by <a href="/wiki/Bartholomeus_Spranger" title="Bartholomeus Spranger">Bartholomeus Spranger</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Rijksmuseum" title="Rijksmuseum">Rijksmuseum</a>) that <a href="/wiki/Karel_van_Mander" title="Karel van Mander">Karel van Mander</a> had brought back from <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, where Spranger was court painter to <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor">Rudolf II</a>. <i>The Feast of the Gods at the Marriage of Cupid and Psyche</i> was so large, at 16 7/8 x 33 5/8 in. (43 x 85.4 cm), that it was printed from three different plates. Over 80 figures are shown, placed up in the clouds over a <a href="/wiki/World_landscape" title="World landscape">world landscape</a> that can be glimpsed below. The composition borrows from both Raphael and Giulio Romano's versions.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most popular subjects for single paintings or sculpture are the couple alone, or explorations of the figure of Psyche, who is sometimes depicted in compositions that recall the sleeping <a href="/wiki/Ariadne" title="Ariadne">Ariadne</a> as she was found by Dionysus.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of <a href="/wiki/Nude_(art)" title="Nude (art)">nudity</a> or sexuality in portraying Cupid and Psyche sometimes has offended contemporary sensibilities. In the 1840s, the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_the_Fine_Arts" title="American Academy of the Fine Arts">National Academy of Art</a> banned <a href="/wiki/William_Page_(painter)" title="William Page (painter)">William Page</a>'s <i>Cupid and Psyche</i>, called perhaps "the most erotic painting in nineteenth-century America".<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Classical subject matter might be presented in terms of realistic nudity: in 1867, the female figure in the <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> of <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Legros" title="Alphonse Legros">Alphonse Legros</a> was criticized as a "commonplace naked young woman".<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But during the same period, Cupid and Psyche were also portrayed chastely, as in the <a href="/wiki/Pastoral" title="Pastoral">pastoral</a> sculptures <i>Psyche</i> (1845) by Townsend and <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> (1846) by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Uwins" title="Thomas Uwins">Thomas Uwins</a>, which were purchased by <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> and her <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">consort Albert</a>, otherwise keen collectors of nudes in the 1840s and 50s.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Portrayals of Psyche alone are often not confined to illustrating a scene from Apuleius, but may draw on the broader Platonic tradition in which Love was a force that shaped the self. The <i>Psyche Abandoned</i> of <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a>, probably based on La Fontaine's version of the tale, depicts the moment when Psyche, having violated the taboo of looking upon her lover, is abandoned alone on a rock, her nakedness expressing dispossession and the color palette a psychological "divestment". The work has been seen as an "emotional proxy" for the artist's own isolation and desperation during his imprisonment, which resulted from his participation in the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and association with <a href="/wiki/Robespierre" class="mw-redirect" title="Robespierre">Robespierre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sculpture">Sculpture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sculpture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Source:</b><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Statua_di_Amore_e_Psiche.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cupid and Psyche (from an original of 2nd century BC)"><img alt="Cupid and Psyche (from an original of 2nd century BC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Statua_di_Amore_e_Psiche.jpg/150px-Statua_di_Amore_e_Psiche.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Statua_di_Amore_e_Psiche.jpg/225px-Statua_di_Amore_e_Psiche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Statua_di_Amore_e_Psiche.jpg/300px-Statua_di_Amore_e_Psiche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche_(Roman_sculpture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupid and Psyche (Roman sculpture)">Cupid and Psyche</a></i> (from an original of 2nd century BC)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Altes_Museum_-_Statuengruppe,_Amor_und_Psyche.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cupid and Psyche (c. 150 AD)"><img alt="Cupid and Psyche (c. 150 AD)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Altes_Museum_-_Statuengruppe%2C_Amor_und_Psyche.jpg/250px-Altes_Museum_-_Statuengruppe%2C_Amor_und_Psyche.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Altes_Museum_-_Statuengruppe%2C_Amor_und_Psyche.jpg/330px-Altes_Museum_-_Statuengruppe%2C_Amor_und_Psyche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2017" data-file-height="3032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Cupid and Psyche</i> (c. 150 AD)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:0_Psych%C3%A9_ranim%C3%A9e_par_le_baiser_de_l%27Amour_-_Canova_-_Louvre_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss (1793) by Antonio Canova, Louvre"><img alt="Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss (1793) by Antonio Canova, Louvre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/0_Psych%C3%A9_ranim%C3%A9e_par_le_baiser_de_l%27Amour_-_Canova_-_Louvre_1.JPG/200px-0_Psych%C3%A9_ranim%C3%A9e_par_le_baiser_de_l%27Amour_-_Canova_-_Louvre_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/0_Psych%C3%A9_ranim%C3%A9e_par_le_baiser_de_l%27Amour_-_Canova_-_Louvre_1.JPG/300px-0_Psych%C3%A9_ranim%C3%A9e_par_le_baiser_de_l%27Amour_-_Canova_-_Louvre_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/0_Psych%C3%A9_ranim%C3%A9e_par_le_baiser_de_l%27Amour_-_Canova_-_Louvre_1.JPG/400px-0_Psych%C3%A9_ranim%C3%A9e_par_le_baiser_de_l%27Amour_-_Canova_-_Louvre_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Psyche_Revived_by_Cupid%27s_Kiss" title="Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss">Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss</a></i> (1793) by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Canova" title="Antonio Canova">Antonio Canova</a>, Louvre</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BLW_Cupid_and_Psyche_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cupid and Psyche by Clodion (d. 1814)"><img alt="Cupid and Psyche by Clodion (d. 1814)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/BLW_Cupid_and_Psyche_%282%29.jpg/161px-BLW_Cupid_and_Psyche_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/BLW_Cupid_and_Psyche_%282%29.jpg/242px-BLW_Cupid_and_Psyche_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/BLW_Cupid_and_Psyche_%282%29.jpg/322px-BLW_Cupid_and_Psyche_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="782" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Cupid and Psyche</i> by <a href="/wiki/Clodion" class="mw-redirect" title="Clodion">Clodion</a> (d. 1814)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thorvaldsen_Psyche_ANG_Berlin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Psyche by Bertel Thorvaldsen (d. 1844)"><img alt="Psyche by Bertel Thorvaldsen (d. 1844)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Thorvaldsen_Psyche_ANG_Berlin.jpg/75px-Thorvaldsen_Psyche_ANG_Berlin.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Thorvaldsen_Psyche_ANG_Berlin.jpg/113px-Thorvaldsen_Psyche_ANG_Berlin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Thorvaldsen_Psyche_ANG_Berlin.jpg/151px-Thorvaldsen_Psyche_ANG_Berlin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="1837" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Psyche</i> by <a href="/wiki/Bertel_Thorvaldsen" title="Bertel Thorvaldsen">Bertel Thorvaldsen</a> (d. 1844)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cupid_and_Psyche_by_A.Rodin_1885.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cupid and Psyche 'Kiss' (1885) by Auguste Rodin, private collection"><img alt="Cupid and Psyche 'Kiss' (1885) by Auguste Rodin, private collection" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Cupid_and_Psyche_by_A.Rodin_1885.jpg/144px-Cupid_and_Psyche_by_A.Rodin_1885.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Cupid_and_Psyche_by_A.Rodin_1885.jpg/216px-Cupid_and_Psyche_by_A.Rodin_1885.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Cupid_and_Psyche_by_A.Rodin_1885.jpg/288px-Cupid_and_Psyche_by_A.Rodin_1885.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="7737" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Cupid and Psyche 'Kiss'</i> (1885) by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a>, private collection</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Paintings">Paintings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Paintings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacopo_Zucchi_-_Amor_and_Psyche.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amor and Psyche (1589) by Jacopo Zucchi"><img alt="Amor and Psyche (1589) by Jacopo Zucchi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Jacopo_Zucchi_-_Amor_and_Psyche.jpg/149px-Jacopo_Zucchi_-_Amor_and_Psyche.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Jacopo_Zucchi_-_Amor_and_Psyche.jpg/224px-Jacopo_Zucchi_-_Amor_and_Psyche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Jacopo_Zucchi_-_Amor_and_Psyche.jpg/298px-Jacopo_Zucchi_-_Amor_and_Psyche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="1313" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Amor and Psyche</i> (1589) by <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_Zucchi" title="Jacopo Zucchi">Jacopo Zucchi</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthonis_van_Dyck_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cupid and Psyche (1639–40) by Anthony van Dyck: Cupid finds the sleeping Psyche."><img alt="Cupid and Psyche (1639–40) by Anthony van Dyck: Cupid finds the sleeping Psyche." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Anthonis_van_Dyck_001.jpg/250px-Anthonis_van_Dyck_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Anthonis_van_Dyck_001.jpg/330px-Anthonis_van_Dyck_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Anthonis_van_Dyck_001.jpg/500px-Anthonis_van_Dyck_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1496" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche_(van_Dyck)" title="Cupid and Psyche (van Dyck)"><i>Cupid and Psyche</i></a> (1639–40) by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_van_Dyck" title="Anthony van Dyck">Anthony van Dyck</a>: Cupid finds the sleeping Psyche.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_enchanted_castle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Landscape with Psyche Outside the Palace of Cupid (The Enchanted Castle) (1664) by Claude Lorrain"><img alt="Landscape with Psyche Outside the Palace of Cupid (The Enchanted Castle) (1664) by Claude Lorrain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/The_enchanted_castle.jpg/250px-The_enchanted_castle.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/The_enchanted_castle.jpg/330px-The_enchanted_castle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/The_enchanted_castle.jpg/500px-The_enchanted_castle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Landscape_with_Psyche_Outside_the_Palace_of_Cupid" title="Landscape with Psyche Outside the Palace of Cupid">Landscape with Psyche Outside the Palace of Cupid (The Enchanted Castle)</a></i> (1664) by <a href="/wiki/Claude_Lorrain" title="Claude Lorrain">Claude Lorrain</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Jean_Francois_Lagren%C3%A9e_-_Amor_and_Psyche.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amor and Psyche (1767) by Louis-Jean-François Lagrenée"><img alt="Amor and Psyche (1767) by Louis-Jean-François Lagrenée" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Louis_Jean_Francois_Lagren%C3%A9e_-_Amor_and_Psyche.jpg/250px-Louis_Jean_Francois_Lagren%C3%A9e_-_Amor_and_Psyche.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Louis_Jean_Francois_Lagren%C3%A9e_-_Amor_and_Psyche.jpg/330px-Louis_Jean_Francois_Lagren%C3%A9e_-_Amor_and_Psyche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Louis_Jean_Francois_Lagren%C3%A9e_-_Amor_and_Psyche.jpg/500px-Louis_Jean_Francois_Lagren%C3%A9e_-_Amor_and_Psyche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4079" data-file-height="3167" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Amor and Psyche</i> (1767) by <a href="/wiki/Louis-Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lagren%C3%A9e" title="Louis-Jean-François Lagrenée">Louis-Jean-François Lagrenée</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hugh_Douglas_Hamilton_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_in_the_nuptial_bower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cupid and Psyche in the nuptial bower (1792–93) by Hugh Douglas Hamilton"><img alt="Cupid and Psyche in the nuptial bower (1792–93) by Hugh Douglas Hamilton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Hugh_Douglas_Hamilton_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_in_the_nuptial_bower.jpg/250px-Hugh_Douglas_Hamilton_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_in_the_nuptial_bower.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Hugh_Douglas_Hamilton_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_in_the_nuptial_bower.jpg/330px-Hugh_Douglas_Hamilton_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_in_the_nuptial_bower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Cupid and Psyche in the nuptial bower</i> (1792–93) by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Douglas_Hamilton" title="Hugh Douglas Hamilton">Hugh Douglas Hamilton</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alegor%C3%ADa_del_Amor_o_Cupido_y_Psique_por_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Allegory of Love, Cupid and Psyche (between 1798 and 1805) by Goya"><img alt="Allegory of Love, Cupid and Psyche (between 1798 and 1805) by Goya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Alegor%C3%ADa_del_Amor_o_Cupido_y_Psique_por_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg/138px-Alegor%C3%ADa_del_Amor_o_Cupido_y_Psique_por_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Alegor%C3%ADa_del_Amor_o_Cupido_y_Psique_por_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg/207px-Alegor%C3%ADa_del_Amor_o_Cupido_y_Psique_por_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Alegor%C3%ADa_del_Amor_o_Cupido_y_Psique_por_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg/277px-Alegor%C3%ADa_del_Amor_o_Cupido_y_Psique_por_Francisco_de_Goya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2075" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Allegory of Love, Cupid and Psyche</i> (between 1798 and 1805) by <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Goya</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre-Paul_Prud%27hon_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Psyche Lifted Up by Zephyrs (Romantic, c. 1800) by Pierre-Paul Prud'hon"><img alt="Psyche Lifted Up by Zephyrs (Romantic, c. 1800) by Pierre-Paul Prud'hon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Pierre-Paul_Prud%27hon_003.jpg/250px-Pierre-Paul_Prud%27hon_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Pierre-Paul_Prud%27hon_003.jpg/330px-Pierre-Paul_Prud%27hon_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2537" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Psyche Lifted Up by Zephyrs</i> (<a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic</a>, c. 1800) by <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Paul_Prud%27hon" title="Pierre-Paul Prud'hon">Pierre-Paul Prud'hon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_West_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_2010.44_-_Crystal_Bridges_Museum_of_American_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cupid and Psyche (1808) by Benjamin West PRA"><img alt="Cupid and Psyche (1808) by Benjamin West PRA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Benjamin_West_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_2010.44_-_Crystal_Bridges_Museum_of_American_Art.jpg/250px-Benjamin_West_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_2010.44_-_Crystal_Bridges_Museum_of_American_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Benjamin_West_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_2010.44_-_Crystal_Bridges_Museum_of_American_Art.jpg/330px-Benjamin_West_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_2010.44_-_Crystal_Bridges_Museum_of_American_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Benjamin_West_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_2010.44_-_Crystal_Bridges_Museum_of_American_Art.jpg/500px-Benjamin_West_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_2010.44_-_Crystal_Bridges_Museum_of_American_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1031" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Cupid and Psyche</i> (1808) by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_West" title="Benjamin West">Benjamin West</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Royal_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Royal Academy">PRA</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois-%C3%89douard_Picot_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_WGA17441.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Psyche Abandoned (c. 1817) by François-Édouard Picot"><img alt="Psyche Abandoned (c. 1817) by François-Édouard Picot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Fran%C3%A7ois-%C3%89douard_Picot_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_WGA17441.jpg/250px-Fran%C3%A7ois-%C3%89douard_Picot_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_WGA17441.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Fran%C3%A7ois-%C3%89douard_Picot_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_WGA17441.jpg/330px-Fran%C3%A7ois-%C3%89douard_Picot_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_WGA17441.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Fran%C3%A7ois-%C3%89douard_Picot_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_WGA17441.jpg/500px-Fran%C3%A7ois-%C3%89douard_Picot_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_-_WGA17441.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1003" data-file-height="822" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Psyche Abandoned</i> (c. 1817) by François-Édouard Picot</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint-Ours_Jean-Pierre-The_Reunion_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cupid and Psyche (1843) by Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours"><img alt="Cupid and Psyche (1843) by Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Saint-Ours_Jean-Pierre-The_Reunion_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg/200px-Saint-Ours_Jean-Pierre-The_Reunion_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Saint-Ours_Jean-Pierre-The_Reunion_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg/300px-Saint-Ours_Jean-Pierre-The_Reunion_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Saint-Ours_Jean-Pierre-The_Reunion_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg/400px-Saint-Ours_Jean-Pierre-The_Reunion_of_Cupid_and_Psyche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="559" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Cupid and Psyche</i> (1843) by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Saint-Ours" title="Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours">Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cupid_and_Psyche_by_William_Page.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cupid and Psyche (1843) by William Page"><img alt="Cupid and Psyche (1843) by William Page" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cupid_and_Psyche_by_William_Page.jpg/200px-Cupid_and_Psyche_by_William_Page.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cupid_and_Psyche_by_William_Page.jpg/300px-Cupid_and_Psyche_by_William_Page.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Cupid_and_Psyche_by_William_Page.jpg/400px-Cupid_and_Psyche_by_William_Page.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Cupid and Psyche </i> (1843) by <a href="/wiki/William_Page_(painter)" title="William Page (painter)">William Page</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brocky,_Karoly_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_(1850-5).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cupid and Psyche (1850–55) by Károly Brocky"><img alt="Cupid and Psyche (1850–55) by Károly Brocky" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Brocky%2C_Karoly_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_%281850-5%29.jpg/250px-Brocky%2C_Karoly_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_%281850-5%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Brocky%2C_Karoly_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_%281850-5%29.jpg/330px-Brocky%2C_Karoly_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_%281850-5%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Brocky%2C_Karoly_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_%281850-5%29.jpg/500px-Brocky%2C_Karoly_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_%281850-5%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="693" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Cupid and Psyche</i> (1850–55) by <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1roly_Brocky" title="Károly Brocky">Károly Brocky</a> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Burne-Jones_(1833-1898)_-_Cupid_Flying_away_from_Psyche_(Palace_Green_Murals)_-_1922P193_-_Birmingham_Museums_Trust.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cupid Flying Away from Psyche (between 1872 and 1881) by Edward Burne-Jones"><img alt="Cupid Flying Away from Psyche (between 1872 and 1881) by Edward Burne-Jones" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Edward_Burne-Jones_%281833-1898%29_-_Cupid_Flying_away_from_Psyche_%28Palace_Green_Murals%29_-_1922P193_-_Birmingham_Museums_Trust.jpg/120px-Edward_Burne-Jones_%281833-1898%29_-_Cupid_Flying_away_from_Psyche_%28Palace_Green_Murals%29_-_1922P193_-_Birmingham_Museums_Trust.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Edward_Burne-Jones_%281833-1898%29_-_Cupid_Flying_away_from_Psyche_%28Palace_Green_Murals%29_-_1922P193_-_Birmingham_Museums_Trust.jpg/250px-Edward_Burne-Jones_%281833-1898%29_-_Cupid_Flying_away_from_Psyche_%28Palace_Green_Murals%29_-_1922P193_-_Birmingham_Museums_Trust.jpg 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="685" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Cupid Flying Away from Psyche</i> (between 1872 and 1881) by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones" title="Edward Burne-Jones">Edward Burne-Jones</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Burne-Jones_(1833-1898)_-_Psyche_Receiving_the_Casket_Back_(Palace_Green_Murals)_-_1922P197_-_Birmingham_Museums_Trust.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Psyche Receiving the Casket Back (between 1872 and 1881) by Edward Burne-Jones"><img alt="Psyche Receiving the Casket Back (between 1872 and 1881) by Edward Burne-Jones" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Edward_Burne-Jones_%281833-1898%29_-_Psyche_Receiving_the_Casket_Back_%28Palace_Green_Murals%29_-_1922P197_-_Birmingham_Museums_Trust.jpg/200px-Edward_Burne-Jones_%281833-1898%29_-_Psyche_Receiving_the_Casket_Back_%28Palace_Green_Murals%29_-_1922P197_-_Birmingham_Museums_Trust.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Edward_Burne-Jones_%281833-1898%29_-_Psyche_Receiving_the_Casket_Back_%28Palace_Green_Murals%29_-_1922P197_-_Birmingham_Museums_Trust.jpg/300px-Edward_Burne-Jones_%281833-1898%29_-_Psyche_Receiving_the_Casket_Back_%28Palace_Green_Murals%29_-_1922P197_-_Birmingham_Museums_Trust.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Edward_Burne-Jones_%281833-1898%29_-_Psyche_Receiving_the_Casket_Back_%28Palace_Green_Murals%29_-_1922P197_-_Birmingham_Museums_Trust.jpg/400px-Edward_Burne-Jones_%281833-1898%29_-_Psyche_Receiving_the_Casket_Back_%28Palace_Green_Murals%29_-_1922P197_-_Birmingham_Museums_Trust.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Psyche Receiving the Casket Back</i> (between 1872 and 1881) by Edward Burne-Jones</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Reinhard_Weguelin_%E2%80%93_Psyche_(1890).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Psyche (1890) by John Reinhard Weguelin"><img alt="Psyche (1890) by John Reinhard Weguelin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/John_Reinhard_Weguelin_%E2%80%93_Psyche_%281890%29.jpg/250px-John_Reinhard_Weguelin_%E2%80%93_Psyche_%281890%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/John_Reinhard_Weguelin_%E2%80%93_Psyche_%281890%29.jpg/332px-John_Reinhard_Weguelin_%E2%80%93_Psyche_%281890%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="570" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Psyche</i> (1890) by <a href="/wiki/John_Reinhard_Weguelin" title="John Reinhard Weguelin">John Reinhard Weguelin</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Annie_Swynnerton_Cupid_And_Psyche_1891.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cupid and Psyche (1891) by Annie Swynnerton"><img alt="Cupid and Psyche (1891) by Annie Swynnerton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Annie_Swynnerton_Cupid_And_Psyche_1891.jpg/120px-Annie_Swynnerton_Cupid_And_Psyche_1891.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Annie_Swynnerton_Cupid_And_Psyche_1891.jpg/250px-Annie_Swynnerton_Cupid_And_Psyche_1891.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="767" data-file-height="1295" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> (1891) by <a href="/wiki/Annie_Swynnerton" title="Annie Swynnerton">Annie Swynnerton</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Psyche-Waterhouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Psyche Opening the Golden Box (1903) by John William Waterhouse"><img alt="Psyche Opening the Golden Box (1903) by John William Waterhouse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Psyche-Waterhouse.jpg/128px-Psyche-Waterhouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Psyche-Waterhouse.jpg/192px-Psyche-Waterhouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Psyche-Waterhouse.jpg/256px-Psyche-Waterhouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2303" data-file-height="3600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Psyche Opening the Golden Box</i> (1903) by <a href="/wiki/John_William_Waterhouse" title="John William Waterhouse">John William Waterhouse</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edvard_Munch_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_(1907).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cupid and Psyche (1907) by Edvard Munch"><img alt="Cupid and Psyche (1907) by Edvard Munch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Edvard_Munch_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_%281907%29.jpg/162px-Edvard_Munch_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_%281907%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Edvard_Munch_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_%281907%29.jpg/244px-Edvard_Munch_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_%281907%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Edvard_Munch_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_%281907%29.jpg/325px-Edvard_Munch_-_Cupid_and_Psyche_%281907%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="695" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Cupid and Psyche</i> (1907) by <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Munch" title="Edvard Munch">Edvard Munch</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WPVA-khamsa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/WPVA-khamsa.svg/40px-WPVA-khamsa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/WPVA-khamsa.svg/60px-WPVA-khamsa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="124" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Visual_arts" title="Portal:Visual arts">Visual arts portal</a></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col div-col-small" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast" title="Beauty and the Beast">Beauty and the Beast</a> – French fairy tale</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_of_the_Sun_and_West_of_the_Moon" title="East of the Sun and West of the Moon">East of the Sun and West of the Moon</a> – Norwegian fairy tale</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graciosa_and_Percinet" title="Graciosa and Percinet">Graciosa and Percinet</a> – French literary fairy tale written by Madame d'Aulnoy</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice" title="Pride and Prejudice">Pride and Prejudice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow-White_and_Rose-Red" title="Snow-White and Rose-Red">Snow-White and Rose-Red</a> – German fairy tale</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulisa,_the_Wood-Cutter%27s_Daughter" title="Tulisa, the Wood-Cutter's Daughter">Tulisa, the Wood-Cutter's Daughter</a> (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> tale)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dorothy Johnson, <i>David to Delacroix: The Rise of Romantic Mythology</i> (University of North Carolina Press, 2011), pp. 81–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLewis1956" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, C. S. (1956). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tillwehavefacesm00lewi_0"><i>Till We Have Faces: A Myth Retold</i></a></span>. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tillwehavefacesm00lewi_0/page/311">311</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0156904365" title="Special:BookSources/0156904365"><bdi>0156904365</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Till+We+Have+Faces%3A+A+Myth+Retold&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich&rft.date=1956&rft.isbn=0156904365&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=C.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftillwehavefacesm00lewi_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Harrison, entry on "Cupid," <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome</i> (Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 338.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWagenvoort1980" class="citation book cs1">Wagenvoort, H. (1980). "Cupid and Psyche". <i>Pietas</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">84–</span>92. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004296688_007">10.1163/9789004296688_007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004296688" title="Special:BookSources/9789004296688"><bdi>9789004296688</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cupid+and+Psyche&rft.btitle=Pietas&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E84-%3C%2Fspan%3E92&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004296688_007&rft.isbn=9789004296688&rft.aulast=Wagenvoort&rft.aufirst=H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrison, "Cupid and Psyche," in <i>Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome</i>, p. 339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated338-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated338_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated338_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated338_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated338_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrison, "Cupid and Psyche," <i>Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome,</i> p. 338.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Entry on "Apuleius", in <i>The Classical Tradition</i> (Harvard University Press, 2010), pp. 56–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.J. Kenney, <i>Apuleius: Cupid and Psyche</i> (Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 22–23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPapaioannou1998" class="citation journal cs1">Papaioannou, Sophia (1 January 1998). "Charite's Rape, Psyche on the Rock and the Parallel Function of Marriage in Apuleius' Metamorphoses". <i>Mnemosyne</i>. <b>51</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">302–</span>324. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1568525982611506">10.1163/1568525982611506</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4432843">4432843</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1299144271">1299144271</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mnemosyne&rft.atitle=Charite%27s+Rape%2C+Psyche+on+the+Rock+and+the+Parallel+Function+of+Marriage+in+Apuleius%27+Metamorphoses&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E302-%3C%2Fspan%3E324&rft.date=1998-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1568525982611506&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4432843%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Papaioannou&rft.aufirst=Sophia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jane Kingsley-Smith, <i>Cupid in Early Modern Literature and Culture</i> (Cambridge University Press, 2010), p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The following summary is condensed from the translation of Kenney (Cambridge University Press, 1990), and the revised translation of W. Adlington by S. Gaseless for the <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> (Harvard University Press, 1915), with reference to the accompanying Latin text.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Papaioannou, "Charite's Rape, Psyche on the Rock," p. 319.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Max Nelson, "Narcissus: Myth and Magic," <i>Classical Journal</i> 95.4 (2000), p. 364, citing S. Lancel, "<i>Curiositas</i> et préoccupations spirituelles chez Apulée," <i>Revue de l'histoire des religions</i> 160 (1961), pp. 41–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">By the 6th-century mythographer <a href="/wiki/Fabius_Planciades_Fulgentius" title="Fabius Planciades Fulgentius">Fulgentius</a>; Joel C. Relihan, <i>Apuleius: The Tale of Cupid and Psyche</i> (Hackett, 2009), p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cakes were often offerings to the gods, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Eleusinian_Mysteries" title="Eleusinian Mysteries">Eleusinian religion</a>; cakes of barley meal moistened with honey, called <i>prokonia</i> (προκώνια), were offered to Demeter and Kore at the time of first harvest. See Allaire Brumfield, "Cakes in the <i>liknon</i>: Votives from the Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore on Acrocorinth", <i>Hesperia</i> 66 (1997) 147–172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Apuleius describes it as served in a cup, though ambrosia is usually regarded as a food and nectar as a drink.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Hardie, <i>Rumour and Renown: Representations of </i>Fama<i> in Western Literature</i> (Cambridge University Press, 2012), p. 116; Papaioannou, "Charite's Rape, Psyche on the Rock," p. 321.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Relihan, <i>The Tale of Cupid and Psyche,</i> p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Harrison, "Divine Authority in 'Cupid and Psyche': Apuleius <i>Metamorphoses</i> 6,23–24," in <i>Ancient Narrative: Authors, Authority, and Interpreters in the Ancient Novel. Essays in Honor of Gareth L. Schmeling</i> (Barkhuis, 2006), p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrison, "Divine Authority in 'Cupid and Psyche'," p. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated182-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated182_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated182_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrison, "Divine Authority in 'Cupid and Psyche'," p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ariane van Suchtelen and Anne T. Woollett, <i>Rubens and Brueghel: A Working Friendship</i> (Getty Publications, 2006), p. 60; Susan Maxwell, <i>The Court Art of Friedrich Sustris: Patronage in Late Renaissance Bavaria</i> (Ashgate, 2011), pp. 172, 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Van Suchtelen and Woollett, <i>Rubens and Brueghel,</i> p. 60; Maxwell, <i>The Court Art of Friedrich Sustris,</i> p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martha Hollander, <i>An Entrance for the Eyes: Space and Meaning in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Art</i> (University of California Press, 2002), pp. 11–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Facos" title="Michelle Facos">Michelle Facos</a>, <i>An Introduction to 19th Century Art</i> (Routledge, 2011), p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Manuscript Vat. Lat. 2194, <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana">Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Danuta Shanzer, <i>A Philosophical and Literary Commentary on Martianus Capella's </i>De Nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii<i> Book 1</i> (University of California Press, 1986), p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Relihan, <i>The Tale of Cupid and Psyche</i>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Martianus_Capella" title="Martianus Capella">Martianus Capella</a>, <i>De Nuptiis</i> 7; Chance, <i>Medieval Mythography,</i> p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mattei, Marina. "Literary and Figurative Themes. Cupid and Psyche in Apuleius' fabula, crucible of all the fairy-tales in the world". In: <i>The Tale of Cupid and Psyche: Myth in Art from Antiquity to Canova</i>. Edited by Maria Grazia Bernardini. L'Erma de Bretschneider, 2012. p. 42. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-8265-722-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-8265-722-2">978-88-8265-722-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patricia Cox Miller, "'The Little Blue Flower Is Red': Relics and the Poeticizing of the Body," <i>Journal of Early Christian Studies</i> 8.2 (2000), p. 229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated56-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated56_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated56_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Entry on "Apuleius," <i>Classical Tradition, </i>p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Relihan, <i>The Tale of Cupid and Psyche</i>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert H.F. Carver, "The Rediscovery of the Latin Novels," in <i>Latin Fiction: The Latin Novel in Context</i> (Routledge, 1999), p. 257; Regine May, "The Prologue to Apuleius' <i>Metamorphoses</i> and Coluccio Salutati: MS Harley 4838," in <i>Ancient Narrative. </i>Lectiones Scrupulosae<i>: Essays on the Text and Interpretation of Apuleius' </i>Metamorphoses<i> in Honour of Maaike Zimmerman</i> (Barkhuis, 2006), p. 282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carver, "The Rediscovery of the Latin Novels," p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">May, "The Prologue to Apuleius' <i>Metamorphoses</i>," pp. 282–284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jane Kingsley-Smith, <i>Cupid in Early Modern Literature and Culture</i> (Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 11, 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated168-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated168_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated168_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kingsley-Smith, <i>Cupid in Early Modern Literature and Culture</i>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kingsley-Smith, <i>Cupid in Early Modern Literature and Culture</i>, pp. 163, 168. The fresco cycle, commissioned by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Smith_(diplomat)" title="Thomas Smith (diplomat)">Sir Thomas Smith</a>, was based on engravings by the <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Die" title="Master of the Die">Master of the Die</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Veneziano" title="Agostino Veneziano">Agostino Veneziano</a> (1536), which had been taken from the work of <a href="/wiki/Michiel_Coxie" title="Michiel Coxie">Michiel Coxie</a> that was modeled on the Loggia di Psiche.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kingsley-Smith, <i>Cupid in Early Modern Literature and Culture</i>, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kingsley-Smith, <i>Cupid in Early Modern Literature and Culture</i>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ewa Lajer-Burchart, <i>Necklines: The Art of Jacques-Louis David After the Terror</i> (Yale University Press, 1999), pp. 278–279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kathleen Raine, <i>Blake and Tradition</i> (Routledge, 1969, 2002), vol. 1, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated57-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated57_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated57_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated57_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Entry on "Apuleius," <i>Classical Tradition, </i>p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raine, <i>Blake and Tradition</i>, vol. 1, pp. 182–203, quoting Blake's notes on <i><a href="/wiki/A_Vision_of_the_Last_Judgment" class="mw-redirect" title="A Vision of the Last Judgment">A Vision of the Last Judgment</a></i>, and especially pp. 183, 191 and 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As described by a contemporary reviewer of the new work, quoted by Philippe Bordes, <i>Jacques-Louis David: Empire to Exile</i> (Yale University Press, 2005), p. 234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bordes, <i>Jacques-Louis David,</i> p. 232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeats2021" class="citation web cs1">Keats, John (15 August 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44480/ode-to-psyche">"Ode To Psyche"</a>. <i>Poetry Foundation</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poetry+Foundation&rft.atitle=Ode+To+Psyche&rft.date=2021-08-15&rft.aulast=Keats&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poetryfoundation.org%2Fpoems%2F44480%2Fode-to-psyche&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Lawrence Mitchell, "Ray Garnett as Illustrator". <i>Powys Review</i> <b>10</b> (spring 1982), pp. 9–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Entry on "Apuleius," <i>Classical Tradition,</i> p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raine, <i>Blake and Tradition</i>, vol. 1, p. 182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walsh, Patrick G. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9xA8AAAAIAAJ&dq=%22tulisa%22+cupid+and+psyche&pg=PA194">The Roman novel: The 'Satyricon' of Petronius and the 'Metamorphoses' of Apuleius</a></i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970. pp. 193-195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCupane2018" class="citation book cs1">Cupane, Carolina (2018). "Intercultural Encounters in the Late Byzantine Vernacular Romance". <i>Reading the Late Byzantine Romance</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">40–</span>68. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781108163767.003">10.1017/9781108163767.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108163767" title="Special:BookSources/9781108163767"><bdi>9781108163767</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192357521">192357521</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Intercultural+Encounters+in+the+Late+Byzantine+Vernacular+Romance&rft.btitle=Reading+the+Late+Byzantine+Romance&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E40-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A192357521%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781108163767.003&rft.isbn=9781108163767&rft.aulast=Cupane&rft.aufirst=Carolina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSilva2010" class="citation journal cs1">Silva, Francisco Vaz da (1 October 2010). "The Invention of Fairy Tales". <i>Journal of American Folklore</i>. <b>123</b> (490): <span class="nowrap">398–</span>425. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5406%2Fjamerfolk.123.490.0398">10.5406/jamerfolk.123.490.0398</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+Folklore&rft.atitle=The+Invention+of+Fairy+Tales&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=490&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E398-%3C%2Fspan%3E425&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5406%2Fjamerfolk.123.490.0398&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=Francisco+Vaz+da&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Friedländer, Ludwig. <i>Roman life and manners under the early Empire</i>. Vol. IV. London: Routledge. 1913. p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Some scholars date the tale to this era [2nd century DC]. At the same time, Apuleius’s tale represents the first, most ancient written record of the folktale, but the tale itself is undoubtedly much more ancient. Apuleius’s text is a literary reworking, made by a thinker and philosopher." <i>The Russian Folktale by Vladimir Yakovlevich Propp</i>. Edited and Translated by Sibelan Forrester. Foreword by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Zipes" title="Jack Zipes">Jack Zipes</a>. Wayne State University Press, 2012. p. 190. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814334669" title="Special:BookSources/9780814334669">9780814334669</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThompson1977" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Stith (1977). <i>The Folktale</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">281–</span>282. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-03537-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-03537-2"><bdi>0-520-03537-2</bdi></a>. <q>The tale [of Cupid and Psyche] has most of the elements of the present-day folk story (...) we have here what certainly appears to be a real tale of the Italian countryside during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Folktale&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E281-%3C%2Fspan%3E282&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-520-03537-2&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Stith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHuet1923" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Huet, Gedeon Busken (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ContesPopulaires/page/n42/mode/1up?q=psyche"><i>Contes populaires</i></a> (in French). Paris: E. Flammarion. p. 43. <q>Nous possêdons encore, dans l'histoire de Psyche, inserée par Apulee dans son roman des <i>Metamorphoses</i>, un vrai conte populaire de l'antiquité ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contes+populaires&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=E.+Flammarion&rft.date=1923&rft.aulast=Huet&rft.aufirst=Gedeon+Busken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FContesPopulaires%2Fpage%2Fn42%2Fmode%2F1up%3Fq%3Dpsyche&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Megas, G. 1967. <i>Das Märchen von Amor und Psyche in der griechischen Volksüberlieferung (AaTh 425, 428 & 432)</i>. Athens</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerrmann1955" class="citation journal cs1">Herrmann, Léon (1955). "Review of The Tale of Cupid and Psyche, Aarne-Thompson 425 and 428". <i>Latomus</i>. <b>14</b> (3): 494. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41518077">41518077</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Latomus&rft.atitle=Review+of+The+Tale+of+Cupid+and+Psyche%2C+Aarne-Thompson+425+and+428&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=494&rft.date=1955&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41518077%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Herrmann&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A9on&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plantade, Emmanuel and Nedjima. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/3623771/Libyca_Psyche_Apuleius_and_the_Berber_Folktales">Libyca Psyche: Apuleius and the Berber Folktales</a>". In: <i>Apuleius and Africa</i>. Editors: Benjamin Todd Lee, Luca Graverini, Ellen Finkelpearl. Routledge, 2014. pp. 174-202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reitzenstein, Richard. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dasmrchenvonam00reituoft/page/21/mode/1up?q=deutung">Das märchen von Amor und Psyche bei Apuleius</a></i>. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. 1912.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Wagenvoort" title="Hendrik Wagenvoort">Wagenvoort, H.</a> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yel5DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22iranian%22+cupid+and+psyche&pg=PA86">Pietas: Selected Studies in Roman Religion</a></i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1980. p. 86. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-06195-9" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-06195-9">90-04-06195-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anderson, Graham (2000). <i>Fairytale in the ancient world</i>. Routledge. pp. 61-69. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-23702-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-23702-4">978-0-415-23702-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Repciuc, Ioana. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/?volum=5097-anuarul-muzeului-etnografic-al-moldovei--xv-2015">Identificarea sursei folclorice a basmului Cupidon şi Psyché de către Petru Caraman – în contextul cercetărilor internaţionale</a>" [Petru Caraman's Work on Identifying the Folkloric Source of Cupidon şi Psyche Fairytale – In the Context of International Research]. In: <i>Anuarul Muzeului Etnografic al Moldovei</i> 15 (2015): 193, 197-205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDowden1979" class="citation journal cs1">Dowden, Ken (October 1979). "Detlev Fehling: Amor und Psyche: Die Schöpfung des Apuleius und ihre Einwirkung auf das Märchen, eine Kritik der romantischen Märchentheorie. (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse: Jahrgang 1977: Nr. 9.) Pp. 110. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1977. Paper, DM. 28". <i>The Classical Review</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 314. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0009840X00233465">10.1017/S0009840X00233465</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+Review&rft.atitle=Detlev+Fehling%3A+Amor+und+Psyche%3A+Die+Sch%C3%B6pfung+des+Apuleius+und+ihre+Einwirkung+auf+das+M%C3%A4rchen%2C+eine+Kritik+der+romantischen+M%C3%A4rchentheorie.+%28Akademie+der+Wissenschaften+und+der+Literatur%3A+Abhandlungen+der+Geistes-+und+Sozialwissenschaftlichen+Klasse%3A+Jahrgang+1977%3A+Nr.+9.%29+Pp.+110.+Wiesbaden%3A+Franz+Steiner%2C+1977.+Paper%2C+DM.+28.&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=314&rft.date=1979-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0009840X00233465&rft.aulast=Dowden&rft.aufirst=Ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Friedländer, Ludwig. <i>Roman life and manners under the early Empire</i>. Vol. IV. London: Routledge. 1913. pp. 88-123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHurbánková2018" class="citation journal cs1">Hurbánková, Šárka (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5817%2FGLB2018-2-6">"G.B. Basile and Apuleius: first literary tales : morphological analysis of three fairytales"</a>. <i>Graeco-Latina Brunensia</i> (2): <span class="nowrap">75–</span>93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5817%2FGLB2018-2-6">10.5817/GLB2018-2-6</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Graeco-Latina+Brunensia&rft.atitle=G.B.+Basile+and+Apuleius%3A+first+literary+tales+%3A+morphological+analysis+of+three+fairytales&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E93&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5817%2FGLB2018-2-6&rft.aulast=Hurb%C3%A1nkov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=%C5%A0%C3%A1rka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5817%252FGLB2018-2-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrison, "Cupid and Psyche," <i>Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome,</i> p. 339.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amy K. Levin, <i>The Suppressed Sister: A Relationship in Novels by Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century British Women</i> (Associated University Presses, 1992), pp. 23–24 <i>et passim.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Entry on "Apuleius", <i>Classical Tradition</i>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anita Callaway, <i>Visual Ephemera: Theatrical Art in Nineteenth-Century Australia</i> (University of New South Wales Press, 2000), p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles Musser, "Comparison and Judgment across Theater, Film, and the Visual Arts during the Late Nineteenth Century," in <i>Moving Pictures: American Art and Early Film, 1880-1910</i> (Hudson Hills Press for Williams College Museum of Art, 2005), pp. 6–7; pp. 73–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Callaway,_p._76-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Callaway,_p._76_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Callaway,_p._76_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Callaway, <i>Visual Ephemera,</i> p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Musser, "Comparison and Judgment across Theater, Film, and the Visual Arts," p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Callaway, <i>Visual Ephemera,</i> p. 217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Callaway, <i>Visual Ephemera,</i> p. 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnold Haskell (ed) 'Gala Performance' (Collins 1955) p213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTommasini1997" class="citation news cs1">Tommasini, Anthony (5 October 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/05/arts/classical-music-spelling-out-the-musical-tale-of-psyche.html">"CLASSICAL MUSIC; Spelling Out The Musical Tale of 'Psyche'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=CLASSICAL+MUSIC%3B+Spelling+Out+The+Musical+Tale+of+%27Psyche%27&rft.date=1997-10-05&rft.aulast=Tommasini&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F10%2F05%2Farts%2Fclassical-music-spelling-out-the-musical-tale-of-psyche.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Till-We-Have-Faces">"Till We Have Faces | Fantasy Novel, Mythology & Christian Allegory | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Till+We+Have+Faces+%7C+Fantasy+Novel%2C+Mythology+%26+Christian+Allegory+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FTill-We-Have-Faces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA265977519&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=87568667&p=AONE&sw=w">"Debussy's Syrinx: mystery, myth, and a manuscript - Document - Gale Academic OneFile"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Debussy%27s+Syrinx%3A+mystery%2C+myth%2C+and+a+manuscript+-+Document+-+Gale+Academic+OneFile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.com%2Fps%2Fanonymous%3Fid%3DGALE%257CA265977519%26sid%3DgoogleScholar%26v%3D2.1%26it%3Dr%26linkaccess%3Dabs%26issn%3D87568667%26p%3DAONE%26sw%3Dw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNine2018" class="citation web cs1">Nine, Keris (2018-05-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://operajournal.blogspot.com/2018/05/rozycki-eros-and-psyche-warsaw-2017.html">"OperaJournal: Różycki - Eros and Psyche (Warsaw, 2017)"</a>. <i>OperaJournal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OperaJournal&rft.atitle=OperaJournal%3A+R%C3%B3%C5%BCycki+-+Eros+and+Psyche+%28Warsaw%2C+2017%29&rft.date=2018-05-15&rft.aulast=Nine&rft.aufirst=Keris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foperajournal.blogspot.com%2F2018%2F05%2Frozycki-eros-and-psyche-warsaw-2017.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/events/sydney-conservatorium-of-music-the-university-of-sydney/psyche-an-opera-in-3-acts-by-meta-overman/346868532554202/">"Psyche - An opera in 3 acts by Meta Overman"</a>. <i>www.facebook.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.facebook.com&rft.atitle=Psyche+-+An+opera+in+3+acts+by+Meta+Overman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fevents%2Fsydney-conservatorium-of-music-the-university-of-sydney%2Fpsyche-an-opera-in-3-acts-by-meta-overman%2F346868532554202%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.limelightmagazine.com.au/news/meta-overmans-opera-psyche-revived/">"Meta Overman's opera Psyche revived"</a>. <i>Limelight</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Limelight&rft.atitle=Meta+Overman%27s+opera+Psyche+revived&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.limelightmagazine.com.au%2Fnews%2Fmeta-overmans-opera-psyche-revived%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuardian_Staff2002" class="citation news cs1">Guardian Staff (2002-07-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2002/jul/31/artsfeatures.features1">"Something old, something new"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Something+old%2C+something+new&rft.date=2002-07-31&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.au=Guardian+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2002%2Fjul%2F31%2Fartsfeatures.features1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city-theater/reviews/cupid-and-psyche_3922.html">"Cupid and Psyche | TheaterMania"</a>. <i>www.theatermania.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theatermania.com&rft.atitle=Cupid+and+Psyche+%7C+TheaterMania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatermania.com%2Fnew-york-city-theater%2Freviews%2Fcupid-and-psyche_3922.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.playscripts.com/play/413#productions">"Cupid & Psyche by Joseph Fisher | Playscripts Inc"</a>. <i>www.playscripts.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.playscripts.com&rft.atitle=Cupid+%26+Psyche+by+Joseph+Fisher+%7C+Playscripts+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.playscripts.com%2Fplay%2F413%23productions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchweitzer2010" class="citation news cs1">Schweitzer, Vivien (25 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/26/arts/music/26opera.html">"Variety Show, With Arias Thrown In"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Variety+Show%2C+With+Arias+Thrown+In&rft.date=2010-10-25&rft.aulast=Schweitzer&rft.aufirst=Vivien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F10%2F26%2Farts%2Fmusic%2F26opera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.operaferoce.com/repertoire">"Repertoire"</a>. <i>Opera Feroce</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opera+Feroce&rft.atitle=Repertoire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.operaferoce.com%2Frepertoire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youthplays.com/play/cupid-and-psyche-an-internet-love-story-by-maria-hernandez-emma-rosecan-alexis-stickovitch-245">"Cupid and Psyche: An Internet Love Story by Maria Hernandez, Emma Rosecan, and Alexis Stickovitch"</a>. <i>YouthPLAYS</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouthPLAYS&rft.atitle=Cupid+and+Psyche%3A+An+Internet+Love+Story+by+Maria+Hernandez%2C+Emma+Rosecan%2C+and+Alexis+Stickovitch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthplays.com%2Fplay%2Fcupid-and-psyche-an-internet-love-story-by-maria-hernandez-emma-rosecan-alexis-stickovitch-245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFresh2014" class="citation web cs1">Fresh, Opera (2014-09-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://operafresh.blogspot.com/2014/09/rock-opera-offers-new-telling-of-psyche.html">"Opera Fresh: Rock Opera Offers New Telling Of The Psyche And Eros Story"</a>. <i>Opera Fresh</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Opera+Fresh&rft.atitle=Opera+Fresh%3A+Rock+Opera+Offers+New+Telling+Of+The+Psyche+And+Eros+Story&rft.date=2014-09-03&rft.aulast=Fresh&rft.aufirst=Opera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foperafresh.blogspot.com%2F2014%2F09%2Frock-opera-offers-new-telling-of-psyche.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psycherockopera.com/">"Psyche Rock Opera"</a>. <i>psycherockopera</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=psycherockopera&rft.atitle=Psyche+Rock+Opera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psycherockopera.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stagebuddy.com/theater/theater-review/review-cupid-psyche">"Review: Cupid and Psyche"</a>. <i>StageBuddy.com</i>. 2014-03-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=StageBuddy.com&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Cupid+and+Psyche&rft.date=2014-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstagebuddy.com%2Ftheater%2Ftheater-review%2Freview-cupid-psyche&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBWW_News_Desk" class="citation web cs1">BWW News Desk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.broadwayworld.com/off-off-broadway/article/Turn-to-Flesh-Productions-Celebrates-Five-Years-20180918">"Turn to Flesh Productions Celebrates Five Years"</a>. <i>BroadwayWorld.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BroadwayWorld.com&rft.atitle=Turn+to+Flesh+Productions+Celebrates+Five+Years&rft.au=BWW+News+Desk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.broadwayworld.com%2Foff-off-broadway%2Farticle%2FTurn-to-Flesh-Productions-Celebrates-Five-Years-20180918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pixelsgarage.com/amor-and-psyche">"Review: Amor and Psyche"</a>. <i>pixelsgarage.com</i>. 2020-11-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pixelsgarage.com&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Amor+and+Psyche&rft.date=2020-11-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpixelsgarage.com%2Famor-and-psyche&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilsaxofonoitaliano.it/opere/amore-e-psiche/">"Opere - Amore e Psiche"</a>. <i>il Saxofono italiano</i> (in Italian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=il+Saxofono+italiano&rft.atitle=Opere+-+Amore+e+Psiche&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilsaxofonoitaliano.it%2Fopere%2Famore-e-psiche%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Relihan, <i>The Tale of Cupid and Psyche,</i> p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">, entry on "Apuleius," <i>Classical Tradition,</i> p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neumann, Erich. Amor and Psyche: The psychic development of the feminine. Vol. 24. Routledge, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amy K. Levin, <i>The Suppressed Sister: A Relationship in Novels by Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century British Women</i> (Associated University Presses, 1992), p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Levin, <i>The Suppressed Sister,</i> p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Relihan, <i>The Tale of Cupid and Psyche</i>, p. xvii; Jean Sorabella, "A Roman Sarcophagus and Its Patron," <i>Metropolitan Museum Journal</i> 36 (2001), p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Sarcophagus panel: Cupid and Psyche", Indianapolis Museum of Art <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imamuseum.org/art/collections/artwork/sarcophagus-panel-cupid-and-psyche-">description.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622170258/http://www.imamuseum.org/art/collections/artwork/sarcophagus-panel-cupid-and-psyche-">Archived</a> 2012-06-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The sarcophagus was made for retail, and the portrait added later.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKābul2018" class="citation book cs1">Kābul, Mūzah-ʼi (20 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1D6wUrxqcRIC&pg=PA141"><i>Afghanistan: Hidden Treasures from the National Museum, Kabul</i></a>. National Geographic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781426202957" title="Special:BookSources/9781426202957"><bdi>9781426202957</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Afghanistan%3A+Hidden+Treasures+from+the+National+Museum%2C+Kabul&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Books&rft.date=2018-03-20&rft.isbn=9781426202957&rft.aulast=K%C4%81bul&rft.aufirst=M%C5%ABzah-%CA%BCi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1D6wUrxqcRIC%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080422063344/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/mission/afghanistan-treasures/">"Lost Treasures From the National Museum, Afghanistan, Exhibitions, Photos, Information -- National Geographic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/mission/afghanistan-treasures/">the original</a> on 2008-04-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+Society&rft.atitle=Lost+Treasures+From+the+National+Museum%2C+Afghanistan%2C+Exhibitions%2C+Photos%2C+Information+--+National+Geographic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fmission%2Fafghanistan-treasures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/looted-afghan-treasures-identified-2229207.html?action=gallery&ino=13">"Looted Afghan treasures identified"</a>. <i>independent.co.uk</i>. 1 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=independent.co.uk&rft.atitle=Looted+Afghan+treasures+identified&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fart%2Fnews%2Flooted-afghan-treasures-identified-2229207.html%3Faction%3Dgallery%26ino%3D13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Bagnall Smith, "Votive Objects and Objects of Votive Significance from Great Walsingham," <i>Britannia</i> 30 (1999), p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dominic Perring, "'Gnosticism' in Fourth-Century Britain: The Frampton Mosaics Reconsidered," <i>Britannia</i> 34 (2003), p. 119, citing also M. Henig, "Death and the Maiden: Funerary Symbolism in Daily Life," in <i>Roman Life and Art in Britain</i>, British Archaeological Reports 41 (Oxford, 1977).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080422063344/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/mission/afghanistan-treasures/">"Audio slide show, online at "Hidden Treasures of Afghanistan," website hosted by National Geographic for US venue of travelling exhibit"</a>. Nationalgeographic.com. 2002-10-17. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/mission/afghanistan-treasures/">the original</a> on April 22, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Audio+slide+show%2C+online+at+%22Hidden+Treasures+of+Afghanistan%2C%22+website+hosted+by+National+Geographic+for+US+venue+of+travelling+exhibit&rft.pub=Nationalgeographic.com&rft.date=2002-10-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fmission%2Fafghanistan-treasures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R.L. Gordon, "Franz Cumont and the Doctrines of Mithraism," in <i>Mithraic Studies</i> (Manchester University Press, 1975), p. 239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Steinberg" title="Leo Steinberg">Leo Steinberg</a>, <i>The Sexuality of Christ in Renaissance Art and in Modern Oblivion</i> (University of Chicago Press, 1983, 2nd ed. 1996), p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gaisser, <i>The Fortunes of Apuleius and The Golden Ass,</i> p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_113-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_113-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Entry on "Apuleius," <i>Classical Tradition,</i> p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Maria Grazia Pernis and Laurie Schneider Adams, <i>Lucrezia Tornabuoni De' Medici and the Medici Family in the Fifteenth Century</i> (Peter Lang, 2006), p. 24, the Medici family commissioned a pair illustrating the tale for the wedding of <a href="/wiki/Lucrezia_Tornabuoni" title="Lucrezia Tornabuoni">Lucrezia Tornabuoni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piero_di_Cosimo_de%27_Medici" title="Piero di Cosimo de' Medici">Piero di Cosimo de' Medici</a> in 1444, owing perhaps to the appeal of Boccaccio's allegory to the intellectual but devout Piero. Other scholars hold the same view, but 1470 is perhaps the more widely accepted date. See Julia Haig Gaisser, <i>The Fortunes of Apuleius and The Golden Ass: A Study in Transmission and Reception</i> (Princeton University Press, 2008), p. 119, especially note 193 for further sources. In that case, the chests were created for the wedding of <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_de%27_Medici" title="Lorenzo de' Medici">Lorenzo de' Medici</a>, Piero's son, and <a href="/wiki/Clarice_Orsini" title="Clarice Orsini">Clarice Orsini</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gaisser, <i>The Fortunes of Apuleius,</i> p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bull, pp. 342-343</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vera Schuster, "The Pre-Raphaelites in Oxford," <i>Oxford Art Journal</i> 1 (1978), p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Kirk T. Varnedoe with Elizabeth Streicher, <i>Graphic Works of Max Klinger</i> (Dover, 1977), p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/2000.113">The engraving at the Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1477730&partId=1&searchText=1852,1211.63&page=1">at the British Museum, in sections</a>; Bull, 342–343</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marion Lawrence, "Ships, Monsters and Jonah," <i>American Journal of Archaeology</i> 66.3 (1962), p. 290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John D'Emilio and Estelle B. Freedman, <i>Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America</i> (University of Chicago Press, 1988, 1997), 2nd ed., pp. 108, 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alison Smith, <i>The Victorian Nude: Sexuality, Morality, and Art</i> (Manchester University Press, 1996), p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, <i>The Victorian Nude,</i> pp. 71–72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ewa Lajer-Burchart, <i>Necklines: The Art of Jacques-Louis David After the Terror</i> (Yale University Press, 1999), p. 54ff., especially p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://museumofclassicalantiquities.tumblr.com/post/52711974153/eros-and-psyche-1st-century-bce-from-pella">"Eros and Psyche 1st century BCE from Pella,..."</a> <i>museumofclassicalantiquities</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=museumofclassicalantiquities&rft.atitle=Eros+and+Psyche+1st+century+BCE+from+Pella%2C...&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseumofclassicalantiquities.tumblr.com%2Fpost%2F52711974153%2Feros-and-psyche-1st-century-bce-from-pella&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Malcolm Bull, <i>The Mirror of the Gods, How Renaissance Artists Rediscovered the Pagan Gods</i>, pp. 342–343, Oxford UP, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195219234" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195219234">978-0195219234</a></li> <li>Anita Callaway, <i>Visual Ephemera: Theatrical Art in Nineteenth-Century Australia</i> (University of New South Wales Press, 2000)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarrison2006" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, Stephen (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ancientnarrative.com/article/view/24411">"Divine Authority in 'Cupid and Psyche': Apuleius Metamorphoses 6,23–24"</a>. In Schmeling, Gareth L. (ed.). <i>Authors, Authority and Interpreters in the Ancient Novel: Essays in Honor of Gareth L. Schmeling</i>. Barkhuis. pp. <span class="nowrap">172–</span>185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-77922-13-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-77922-13-2"><bdi>978-90-77922-13-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Divine+Authority+in+%27Cupid+and+Psyche%27%3A+Apuleius+Metamorphoses+6%2C23%E2%80%9324&rft.btitle=Authors%2C+Authority+and+Interpreters+in+the+Ancient+Novel%3A+Essays+in+Honor+of+Gareth+L.+Schmeling&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E172-%3C%2Fspan%3E185&rft.pub=Barkhuis&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-77922-13-2&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fancientnarrative.com%2Farticle%2Fview%2F24411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBelmont1991" class="citation journal cs1">Belmont, Nicole (1991). "La tâche de Psyché". <i>Ethnologie française</i>. <b>21</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">386–</span>391. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40989292">40989292</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnologie+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.atitle=La+t%C3%A2che+de+Psych%C3%A9&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E386-%3C%2Fspan%3E391&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40989292%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Belmont&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBenson2018" class="citation book cs1">Benson, Geoffrey C. (2018). "Cupid and Psyche and the Illumination of the Unseen". In Cueva, Edmund; Harrison, Stephen; Mason, Hugh; Owens, William; Schwartz, Saundra (eds.). <i>Re-Wiring The Ancient Novel, 2 Volume set: Volume 1: Greek Novels, Volume 2: Roman Novels and Other Important Texts</i>. Vol. 24. Barkhuis. pp. <span class="nowrap">85–</span>116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-92444-56-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-92444-56-1"><bdi>978-94-92444-56-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvggx289.30">j.ctvggx289.30</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cupid+and+Psyche+and+the+Illumination+of+the+Unseen&rft.btitle=Re-Wiring+The+Ancient+Novel%2C+2+Volume+set%3A+Volume+1%3A+Greek+Novels%2C+Volume+2%3A+Roman+Novels+and+Other+Important+Texts&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E85-%3C%2Fspan%3E116&rft.pub=Barkhuis&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctvggx289.30%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-94-92444-56-1&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Bonilla y San Martin, Adolfo. <i>El mito de Psyquis: un cuento de niños, una tradición simbólica y un estudio sobre el problema fundamental de la filosofía</i>. Barcelona: Imprenta de Henrich y Cia. 1908.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEdwards1979" class="citation journal cs1">Edwards, Lee R. (1979). "The Labors of Psyche: Toward a Theory of Female Heroism". <i>Critical Inquiry</i>. <b>6</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">33–</span>49. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F448026">10.1086/448026</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1343084">1343084</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162110603">162110603</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Inquiry&rft.atitle=The+Labors+of+Psyche%3A+Toward+a+Theory+of+Female+Heroism&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E33-%3C%2Fspan%3E49&rft.date=1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162110603%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1343084%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F448026&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Lee+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEdwards1992" class="citation journal cs1">Edwards, M. J. (1992). "The Tale of Cupid and Psyche". <i>Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik</i>. <b>94</b>: <span class="nowrap">77–</span>94. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20188784">20188784</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Papyrologie+und+Epigraphik&rft.atitle=The+Tale+of+Cupid+and+Psyche&rft.volume=94&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E77-%3C%2Fspan%3E94&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20188784%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=M.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFelton2013" class="citation journal cs1">Felton, D. (1 October 2013). "Apuleius' Cupid Considered as a Lamia ( Metamorphoses 5.17-18)". <i>Illinois Classical Studies</i>. <b>38</b>: <span class="nowrap">229–</span>244. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5406%2Filliclasstud.38.0229">10.5406/illiclasstud.38.0229</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Illinois+Classical+Studies&rft.atitle=Apuleius%27+Cupid+Considered+as+a+Lamia+%28+Metamorphoses+5.17-18%29&rft.volume=38&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E229-%3C%2Fspan%3E244&rft.date=2013-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5406%2Filliclasstud.38.0229&rft.aulast=Felton&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGaisser2017" class="citation book cs1">Gaisser, Julia Haig (2017). "Cupid and Psyche". <i>A Handbook to the Reception of Classical Mythology</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">337–</span>351. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781119072034.ch23">10.1002/9781119072034.ch23</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781119072034" title="Special:BookSources/9781119072034"><bdi>9781119072034</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cupid+and+Psyche&rft.btitle=A+Handbook+to+the+Reception+of+Classical+Mythology&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E337-%3C%2Fspan%3E351&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781119072034.ch23&rft.isbn=9781119072034&rft.aulast=Gaisser&rft.aufirst=Julia+Haig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGollnick1992" class="citation book cs1">Gollnick, James (1992). "Origins and Nature of the Eros and Psyche Story". <i>Love and the Soul: Psychological Interpretations of the Eros and Psyche Myth</i>. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">5–</span>27. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.51644%2F9780889208049-004">10.51644/9780889208049-004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88920-804-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88920-804-9"><bdi>978-0-88920-804-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Origins+and+Nature+of+the+Eros+and+Psyche+Story&rft.btitle=Love+and+the+Soul%3A+Psychological+Interpretations+of+the+Eros+and+Psyche+Myth&rft.place=Waterloo%2C+ON&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E5-%3C%2Fspan%3E27&rft.pub=Wilfrid+Laurier+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.51644%2F9780889208049-004&rft.isbn=978-0-88920-804-9&rft.aulast=Gollnick&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>E. J. Kenney (Ed.), <i>Apuleius. Cupid and Psyche</i> -Cambridge Greek and Latin Classics. Cambridge University Press. 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-26038-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-26038-8">0-521-26038-8</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMorwood2010" class="citation journal cs1">Morwood, James (2010). "Cupid Grows Up". <i>Greece & Rome</i>. <b>57</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">107–</span>116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0017383509990301">10.1017/S0017383509990301</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40929430">40929430</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162521335">162521335</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Greece+%26+Rome&rft.atitle=Cupid+Grows+Up&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E107-%3C%2Fspan%3E116&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162521335%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40929430%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0017383509990301&rft.aulast=Morwood&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Purser, Louis Claude. <i>The Story of Cupid and Psyche as related by Apuleius</i>. London: George Bell and Sons. 1910. pp. xlvii-li.</li> <li>Tommasi Moreschini, Chiara O.. "Gnostic Variations on the Tale of Cupid and Psyche". In: <i>Intende, Lector - Echoes of Myth, Religion and Ritual in the Ancient Novel</i>. Edited by Marília P. Futre Pinheiro, Anton Bierl and Roger Beck. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2013. pp. 123–144. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110311907.123">https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110311907.123</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVertova1979" class="citation journal cs1">Vertova, Luisa (1 January 1979). "Cupid and Psyche in Renaissance Painting before Raphael". <i>Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes</i>. <b>42</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">104–</span>121. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F751087">10.2307/751087</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/751087">751087</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:195046803">195046803</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Warburg+and+Courtauld+Institutes&rft.atitle=Cupid+and+Psyche+in+Renaissance+Painting+before+Raphael&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E104-%3C%2Fspan%3E121&rft.date=1979-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A195046803%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F751087%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F751087&rft.aulast=Vertova&rft.aufirst=Luisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Zimmermann, Martin et al. (Ed.). <i>Aspects of Apuleius' Golden Ass</i>. Volume II. Cupid and Psyche. Groningen, Egbert Forsten. 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-6980-121-3" title="Special:BookSources/90-6980-121-3">90-6980-121-3</a>.</li></ul> <p><b>Folkloristic analysis:</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBottigheimer1989" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_B._Bottigheimer" title="Ruth B. Bottigheimer">Bottigheimer, Ruth B.</a> (1989). "CUPID AND PSYCHE vs. BEAUTY AND THE BEAST: THE MILESIAN AND THE MODERN". <i>Merveilles & Contes</i>. <b>3</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">4–</span>14. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41389987">41389987</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Merveilles+%26+Contes&rft.atitle=CUPID+AND+PSYCHE+vs.+BEAUTY+AND+THE+BEAST%3A+THE+MILESIAN+AND+THE+MODERN&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E14&rft.date=1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41389987%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bottigheimer&rft.aufirst=Ruth+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Caraman, Petru. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/?volum=5091-anuarul-muzeului-etnografic-al-moldovei--ix-2009">Identificarea episodului despre Cupidon şi Psyche, din romanul „Metamorphoses" al lui Apuleius, cu un basm autentic popular</a>" [Identification of the Episode on Cupidon and Psyche, in the Novel Metamorphoses by Appuleius, with An Authentic Folk Fairy Tale]. In: <i>Anuarul Muzeului Etnografic al Moldovei</i> 9 (2009): 11–85.</li> <li>Herrmann, Léon. "Légendes locales et thèmes littéraires dans le conte de Psyché". In: <i>L'antiquité classique</i>, Bruxelles, tome 21, fasc. 1, 1952, pp. 13–27.</li> <li>Hood, Gwenyth. "Husbands and Gods as Shadowbrutes: Beauty and the Beast from Apuleius to C. S. Lewis". In: <i>Mythlore</i> 56 Winter (1988): pp. 33–60.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHurbánková2018" class="citation journal cs1">Hurbánková, Šárka (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5817%2FGLB2018-2-6">"G.B. Basile and Apuleius: first literary tales : morphological analysis of three fairytales"</a>. <i>Graeco-Latina Brunensia</i> (2): <span class="nowrap">75–</span>93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5817%2FGLB2018-2-6">10.5817/GLB2018-2-6</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Graeco-Latina+Brunensia&rft.atitle=G.B.+Basile+and+Apuleius%3A+first+literary+tales+%3A+morphological+analysis+of+three+fairytales&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E93&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5817%2FGLB2018-2-6&rft.aulast=Hurb%C3%A1nkov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=%C5%A0%C3%A1rka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5817%252FGLB2018-2-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Jacobs, Joseph. <i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Europa%27s_Fairy_Book/Notes#note17">European Folk and Fairy Tales</a></i>. New York, London: G. P. Putnam's sons. 1916. pp. 246–249.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerencin2020" class="citation journal cs1">Perencin, Nicola (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=945973">"Le nozze funebri di Psiche - Apuleio, Met. IV 33-34 alla luce del folklore romeno"</a>. <i>Lingua. Language and Culture</i>. <b>XIX</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">89–</span>112.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lingua.+Language+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Le+nozze+funebri+di+Psiche+-+Apuleio%2C+Met.+IV+33-34+alla+luce+del+folklore+romeno&rft.volume=XIX&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E112&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Perencin&rft.aufirst=Nicola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Farticle-detail%3Fid%3D945973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Plantade, Emmanuel et Nedjima. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/8467595/_Du_conte_berb%C3%A8re_au_mythe_grec_le_cas_d%C3%89ros_et_Psych%C3%A9_#:~:text=Quant%20%C3%A0%20lui%2C%20le%20r%C3%A9cit,%C3%A9crite%20ni%20sous%20forme%20figur%C3%A9e.">«Du conte berbère au mythe grec: le cas d'Éros et Psyché»</a>. In: <i>Revue des Études Berbères</i> no 9, 2013, pp. 533–563.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPlantade2023" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Plantade, Emmanuel (2023). <i>Le conte de Psyché et Cupidon, témoin du folklore d'Afrique du nord: essai sur la poétique transculturelle d'Apulée</i> (in French). Hildesheim Zürich New York: Georg Olms Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783487164137" title="Special:BookSources/9783487164137"><bdi>9783487164137</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+conte+de+Psych%C3%A9+et+Cupidon%2C+t%C3%A9moin+du+folklore+d%27Afrique+du+nord%3A+essai+sur+la+po%C3%A9tique+transculturelle+d%27Apul%C3%A9e&rft.place=Hildesheim+Z%C3%BCrich+New+York&rft.pub=Georg+Olms+Verlag&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9783487164137&rft.aulast=Plantade&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReider2015" class="citation journal cs1">Reider (2015). "A Demon in the Sky: The Tale of Amewakahiko, a Japanese Medieval Story". <i>Marvels & Tales</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 265. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.13110%2Fmarvelstales.29.2.0265">10.13110/marvelstales.29.2.0265</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161774066">161774066</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marvels+%26+Tales&rft.atitle=A+Demon+in+the+Sky%3A+The+Tale+of+Amewakahiko%2C+a+Japanese+Medieval+Story&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=265&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.13110%2Fmarvelstales.29.2.0265&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161774066%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Reider&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Repciuc, Ioana. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/?volum=5097-anuarul-muzeului-etnografic-al-moldovei--xv-2015">Identificarea sursei folclorice a basmului Cupidon şi Psyché de către Petru Caraman – în contextul cercetărilor internaţionale</a>" [Petru Caraman's Work on Identifying the Folkloric Source of Cupidon şi Psyche Fairytale – In the Context of International Research]. In: <i>Anuarul Muzeului Etnografic al Moldovei</i> 15 (2015): 187–205.</li> <li>Swahn, Jan-Ojvind. <i>The Tale of Cupid and Psyche</i>. Lund, C. W. Κ. Gleerup, s. d. (1955).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWright1971" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, James R. G. (1971). "Folk-Tale and Literary Technique in Cupid and Psyche". <i>The Classical Quarterly</i>. <b>21</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">273–</span>284. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0009838800029013">10.1017/S0009838800029013</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/637841">637841</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170565870">170565870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Folk-Tale+and+Literary+Technique+in+Cupid+and+Psyche&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E273-%3C%2Fspan%3E284&rft.date=1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170565870%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F637841%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0009838800029013&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=James+R.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACupid+and+Psyche" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Cupid and Psyche">Cupid and Psyche</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cupid_and_Psyche" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cupid and Psyche">Cupid and Psyche</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170728093929/http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/beautybeast/other.html">Tales Similar to Beauty and the Beast</a> (Texts of <i>Cupid and Psyche</i> and similar <i>monster or beast as bridegroom</i> tales, mostly of AT-425C form, with hyperlinked commentary).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Bridges%2C%20Robert%20Seymour%2C%201844-1930%22%20eros">Robert Bridges' <i>Eros and Psyche</i> at archive.org</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924013439025">PDF</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924013439025#page/n81/mode/2up">read online</a></li> <li><b>Mary Tighe</b>, <i>Psyche or, the Legend of Love</i> (1820) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.nmsu.edu/~hlinkin">HTML</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.nmsu.edu/~hlinkin/Psyche">PDF</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Poems_of_Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon_in_The_Literary_Souvenir,_1827/Cupid_and_Psyche" class="extiw" title="s:Poems of Letitia Elizabeth Landon in The Literary Souvenir, 1827/Cupid and Psyche">"Cupid and Psyche"</a>. A poem by <a href="/wiki/Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon" title="Letitia Elizabeth Landon">Letitia Elizabeth Landon</a> from <i>The Literary Souvenir</i>, 1827.</li> <li><b>Walter Pater</b>, <i>Marius the Epicurean</i>, chapter 5 (1885) <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4057">Gutenberg Project: Walter Pater, <i>Marius the Epicurean</i>, Vol. 1</a> (plain text)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060213105907/http://www.blackmask.com/books57c/7mrs1dex.htm">Blackmask: Walter Pater, <i>Marius the Epicurean</i>: chapter 5</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928061838/http://www.victorianprose.org/texts/Pater/Works/mar_85_1.pdf">Victorian Prose: Walter Pater, <i>Marius the Epicurean</i>, Vol. 1</a> (PDF)</li> <li>The Baldwin Project: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=peabody&book=greek&story=cupid">The Enchanted Palace</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mainlesson.com/display.php?author=peabody&book=greek&story=psyche">The Trial of Psyche</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Thomas Bulfinch</b>, <i>The Age of Fable</i> (1913) <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/cupid.html">Folktexts: Cupid and Psyche</a> by <a href="/wiki/D._L._Ashliman" title="D. L. Ashliman">D. L. Ashliman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plotinus.com/myth_cupid_psyche_copy.htm">Hermetic Philosophy: Cupid and Psyche</a> (Illustrated with painting and sculpture.)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131112010158/http://www.cupidandpsyche.net/"><i>Cupid and Psyche: A New Play in Blank Verse</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turntoflesh.com">Turn to Flesh Productions</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artrenewal.org/articles/2001/Cupid_and_Psyche/cupidpsyche.php">Art Renewal Center: "Cupid & Psyche" by Sharrell E. Gibson</a> (Examples and discussion of Cupid and Psyche in painting.)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-006841">Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (c. 470 images of Cupid and Psyche)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colecciondeverda.com/search/label/Fabula%20de%20Amor%20y%20Psique">Tale of Cupid and Psyche engravings by Maestro del Dado and Agostino Veneziano from the De Verda collection</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="&quot;Animal_as_Bridegroom&quot;357" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Animal_as_Bridegroom" title="Template:Animal as Bridegroom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Animal_as_Bridegroom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Animal as Bridegroom (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Animal_as_Bridegroom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Animal as Bridegroom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="&quot;Animal_as_Bridegroom&quot;357" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">"<a href="/wiki/Animal_as_Bridegroom" title="Animal as Bridegroom">Animal as Bridegroom</a>"</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary tales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cupid and Psyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pintosmalto" title="Pintosmalto">Pintosmalto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairer-than-a-Fairy_(Mailly)" title="Fairer-than-a-Fairy (Mailly)">Fairer-than-a-Fairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ram_(fairy_tale)" title="The Ram (fairy tale)">The Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graciosa_and_Percinet" title="Graciosa and Percinet">Graciosa and Percinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Serpent" title="The Green Serpent">The Green Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast" title="Beauty and the Beast">Beauty and the Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Princess_Zeineb_and_King_Leopard" title="The Story of Princess Zeineb and King Leopard">The Story of Princess Zeineb and King Leopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Bird_(fairy_tale)" title="The Blue Bird (fairy tale)">The Blue Bird</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main tale types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 425</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pintosmalto" title="Pintosmalto">Pintosmalto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr_Simigd%C3%A1li" title="Mr Simigdáli">Master Semolina/Mr Simigdáli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairer-than-a-Fairy_(Mailly)" title="Fairer-than-a-Fairy (Mailly)">Fairer-than-a-Fairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ram_(fairy_tale)" title="The Ram (fairy tale)">The Ram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 425A</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bull_of_Norroway" title="Black Bull of Norroway">Black Bull of Norroway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brown_Bear_of_Norway" title="The Brown Bear of Norway">The Brown Bear of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daughter_of_the_Skies" title="The Daughter of the Skies">The Daughter of the Skies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_the_Hoodie" title="The Tale of the Hoodie">The Tale of the Hoodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Daughters_of_King_O%27Hara" title="The Three Daughters of King O'Hara">The Three Daughters of King O'Hara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_White_Hound_of_the_Mountain" title="The White Hound of the Mountain">The White Hound of the Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sprig_of_Rosemary" title="The Sprig of Rosemary">The Sprig of Rosemary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Enchanted_Snake" title="The Enchanted Snake">The Enchanted Snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White-Bear-King-Valemon" title="White-Bear-King-Valemon">White-Bear-King-Valemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_of_the_Sun_and_West_of_the_Moon" title="East of the Sun and West of the Moon">East of the Sun and West of the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hat_Under_the_Ground" title="Prince Hat Under the Ground">Prince Hat Under the Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Iron_Stove" title="The Iron Stove">The Iron Stove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Enchanted_Pig" title="The Enchanted Pig">The Enchanted Pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitebear_Whittington" title="Whitebear Whittington">Whitebear Whittington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Serpent_Prince" title="The Serpent Prince">The Serpent Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigurd,_the_King%27s_Son" title="Sigurd, the King's Son">Sigurd, the King's Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_White_Wolf_(fairy_tale)" title="The White Wolf (fairy tale)">The White Wolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trandafiru" title="Trandafiru">Trandafiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Again,_The_Snake_Bridegroom" title="Again, The Snake Bridegroom">Again, The Snake Bridegroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Crawfish_(Belarusian_folktale)" title="Prince Crawfish (Belarusian folktale)">Prince Crawfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Crin_(Italian_fairy_tale)" title="King Crin (Italian fairy tale)">King Crin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_the_Little_Dog" title="The Tale of the Little Dog">The Tale of the Little Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/About_the_astonishing_husband_Horu_(Ukrainian_folktale)" title="About the astonishing husband Horu (Ukrainian folktale)">About the astonishing husband Horu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Whitebear_(Danish_folktale)" title="Prince Whitebear (Danish folktale)">Prince Whitebear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Snake_Prince" title="The Snake Prince">The Snake Prince</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 425B</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cupid and Psyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graciosa_and_Percinet" title="Graciosa and Percinet">Graciosa and Percinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Serpent" title="The Green Serpent">The Green Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King_of_Love" title="The King of Love">The King of Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Wolf" title="Prince Wolf">Prince Wolf</a> (Ulv Kongesøn)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Root_(Italian_fairy_tale)" title="The Golden Root (Italian fairy tale)">The Golden Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Horse-Devil_and_the_Witch" title="The Horse-Devil and the Witch">The Horse-Devil and the Witch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulisa,_the_Wood-Cutter%27s_Daughter" title="Tulisa, the Wood-Cutter's Daughter">Tulisa, the Wood-Cutter's Daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khastakhumar_and_Bibinagar" title="Khastakhumar and Bibinagar">Khastakhumar and Bibinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habrmani" title="Habrmani">Habrmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Son_of_the_Ogress" title="The Son of the Ogress">The Son of the Ogress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasmin_and_the_Serpent_Prince" title="Yasmin and the Serpent Prince">Yasmin and the Serpent Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Crab_(Greek_folktale)" title="The Little Crab (Greek folktale)">The Little Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1jaro_Verde_(Mexican_folktale)" title="Pájaro Verde (Mexican folktale)">Pájaro Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Tres_Claveles_(Spanish_folktale)" title="Los Tres Claveles (Spanish folktale)">Los Tres Claveles (Spanish folktale)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_the_Abandoned_Princess" title="The Story of the Abandoned Princess">The Story of the Abandoned Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnkappe" title="Grünkappe">Grünkappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Snake-Prince_Sleepy-Head" title="The Snake-Prince Sleepy-Head">The Snake-Prince Sleepy-Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Padisah%27s_Youngest_Daughter_and_Her_Donkey-Skull_Husband" title="The Padisah's Youngest Daughter and Her Donkey-Skull Husband">The Padisah's Youngest Daughter and Her Donkey-Skull Husband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Princess_Who_Could_Not_Keep_a_Secret" title="The Princess Who Could Not Keep a Secret">The Princess Who Could Not Keep a Secret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_Aftab_(Azerbaijani_folktale)" title="The Tale of Aftab (Azerbaijani folktale)">The Tale of Aftab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_the_Woodcutter_and_his_Daughters" title="The Tale of the Woodcutter and his Daughters">The Tale of the Woodcutter and his Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea-Horse_(Syrian_folktale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea-Horse (Syrian folktale)">Sea-Horse (Syrian folktale)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 425C</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast" title="Beauty and the Beast">Beauty and the Beast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Singing,_Springing_Lark" title="The Singing, Springing Lark">The Singing, Springing Lark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Small-tooth_Dog" title="The Small-tooth Dog">The Small-tooth Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scarlet_Flower" title="The Scarlet Flower">The Scarlet Flower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 425D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Crab" title="The Golden Crab">The Golden Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Donkey%27s_Head" title="The Donkey's Head">The Donkey's Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Donkey%27s_Head_(Turkish_folktale)" title="The Donkey's Head (Turkish folktale)">The Donkey's Head (Turkish folktale)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 425E</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Padlock_(Italian_fairy_tale)" title="The Padlock (Italian fairy tale)">The Padlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filek-Zelebi" title="Filek-Zelebi">Filek-Zelebi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other tale types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">AaTh 425G<sup>p</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Sleeping_Prince_(fairy_tale)" title="The Sleeping Prince (fairy tale)">The Sleeping Prince</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 425M</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egl%C4%97_the_Queen_of_Serpents" title="Eglė the Queen of Serpents">Eglė the Queen of Serpents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lake_Beetle_as_Groom" title="The Lake Beetle as Groom">The Lake Beetle as Groom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">AaTh 425N<sup>p</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Princess_Zeineb_and_King_Leopard" title="The Story of Princess Zeineb and King Leopard">The Story of Princess Zeineb and King Leopard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa,_manos_blancas_(Spanish_fairy_tale)" class="mw-redirect" title="María, manos blancas (Spanish fairy tale)">María, manos blancas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feather_O%27_My_Wing_(Irish_fairy_tale)" title="Feather O' My Wing (Irish fairy tale)">Feather O' My Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Came_Out_Only_at_Night" title="The Man Who Came Out Only at Night">The Man Who Came Out Only at Night</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related tales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 426</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snow-White_and_Rose-Red" title="Snow-White and Rose-Red">Snow-White and Rose-Red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">AaTh 428<sup>p</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prunella_(fairy_tale)" title="Prunella (fairy tale)">Prunella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Girl_Sold_with_the_Pears" title="The Little Girl Sold with the Pears">The Little Girl Sold with the Pears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Fada_Morgana_(Catalan_folk_tale)" title="La Fada Morgana (Catalan folk tale)">La Fada Morgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_and_the_Girl_at_the_Underground_Mansion" title="The Man and the Girl at the Underground Mansion">The Man and the Girl at the Underground Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Girl_as_Soldier_(Russian_folktale)" title="The Girl as Soldier (Russian folktale)">The Girl as Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_About_Baba-Yaga" title="The Tale About Baba-Yaga">The Tale About Baba-Yaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 430</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Donkey_(fairy_tale)" title="The Donkey (fairy tale)">The Donkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 431</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Hut_in_the_Forest" title="The Hut in the Forest">The Hut in the Forest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 432</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Bird_Lover" title="The Bird Lover">The Prince as Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Bird_(fairy_tale)" title="The Blue Bird (fairy tale)">The Blue Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Canary_Prince" title="The Canary Prince">The Canary Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Sisters_(fairy_tale)" title="The Three Sisters (fairy tale)">The Three Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Knight_(fairy_tale)" title="The Green Knight (fairy tale)">The Green Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Feather_of_Finist_the_Falcon" title="The Feather of Finist the Falcon">The Feather of Finist the Falcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Sobur" title="Prince Sobur">Prince Sobur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fan_of_Patience_(Pakistani_fairy_tale)" title="The Fan of Patience (Pakistani fairy tale)">The Fan of Patience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greenish_Bird" title="The Greenish Bird">The Greenish Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Falcon_Pipiristi_(Komi_folktale)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Falcon Pipiristi (Komi folktale)">The Falcon Pipiristi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 433</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Lindworm" title="King Lindworm">King Lindworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dragon-Prince_and_the_Stepmother" title="The Dragon-Prince and the Stepmother">The Dragon-Prince and the Stepmother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Girl_with_Two_Husbands" title="The Girl with Two Husbands">The Girl with Two Husbands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon-Child_and_Sun-Child_(Armenian_folktale)" title="Dragon-Child and Sun-Child (Armenian folktale)">Dragon-Child and Sun-Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champavati" title="Champavati">Champavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_the_Hamadryad" title="The Story of the Hamadryad">The Story of the Hamadryad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Origin_of_the_Sirenia_(Cambodian_folktale)" title="The Origin of the Sirenia (Cambodian folktale)">The Origin of the Sirenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">AaTh 437<sup>p</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Dead_Prince_and_the_Talking_Doll" title="The Dead Prince and the Talking Doll">The Dead Prince and the Talking Doll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajalrekha_(Bengali_folk_ballad)" title="Kajalrekha (Bengali folk ballad)">Kajalrekha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 440</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Frog_Prince" title="The Frog Prince">The Frog Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Well_of_the_World%27s_End" title="The Well of the World's End">The Well of the World's End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_the_Queen_Who_Sought_a_Drink_From_a_Certain_Well" title="The Tale of the Queen Who Sought a Drink From a Certain Well">The Tale of the Queen Who Sought a Drink From a Certain Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 441</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_My_Hedgehog" title="Hans My Hedgehog">Hans My Hedgehog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pig_King" title="The Pig King">The Pig King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hedgehog,_the_Merchant,_the_King_and_the_Poor_Man" title="The Hedgehog, the Merchant, the King and the Poor Man">The Hedgehog, the Merchant, the King and the Poor Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 442</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Woman_in_the_Wood" title="The Old Woman in the Wood">The Old Woman in the Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ATU 444*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habogi" title="Habogi">Habogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermod_and_Hadvor" title="Hermod and Hadvor">Hermod and Hadvor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Notes:</b> "Literary" indicates tale whose origin is traceable to a literary source with a known author; <sup>p</sup> indicates a previous tale type extant until 2004. "AaTh" refers to the <a href="/wiki/Aarne%E2%80%93Thompson%E2%80%93Uther_Index" title="Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index">Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index</a> pre-2004; "ATU" refers to the system post-2004.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cupid_and_Psyche114" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cupid_and_Psyche" title="Template:Cupid and Psyche"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cupid_and_Psyche" title="Template talk:Cupid and Psyche"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cupid_and_Psyche" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cupid and Psyche"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cupid_and_Psyche114" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cupid and Psyche</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cupid" title="Cupid">Cupid</a>/<a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erotes" title="Erotes">Erotes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(mythology)" title="Psyche (mythology)">Psyche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Opera</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(Locke)" title="Psyche (Locke)">Psyche</a></i> (1675, Locke)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psych%C3%A9_(opera)" title="Psyché (opera)">Psyché</a></i> (1678, Lully)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_f%C3%AAtes_de_Paphos" title="Les fêtes de Paphos">Les fêtes de Paphos</a></i> (1751, Cassanéa de Mondonville)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amor_und_Psyche" title="Amor und Psyche">Amor und Psyche</a></i> (1800, Abeille)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sculpture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_gem" title="Marlborough gem">Marlborough gem</a> (c. 1st century AD)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche_(Capitoline_Museums)" title="Cupid and Psyche (Capitoline Museums)">Cupid and Psyche</a></i> (1st or 2nd century copy)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psyche_Revived_by_Cupid%27s_Kiss" title="Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss">Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss</a></i> (1787, Canova)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche_(Thorvaldsen)" title="Cupid and Psyche (Thorvaldsen)">Cupid and Psyche</a></i> (1807, Thorvaldsen)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Gods_(art)" title="Feast of the Gods (art)">Feast of the Gods</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bacchus,_Venus_and_Cupid" title="Bacchus, Venus and Cupid">Bacchus, Venus and Cupid</a></i> (16th century, Fiorentino)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Feast_of_Venus_(Rubens)" title="The Feast of Venus (Rubens)">The Feast of Venus</a></i> (1636, Rubens)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche_(van_Dyck)" title="Cupid and Psyche (van Dyck)">Cupid and Psyche</a></i> (1640, van Dyck)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Landscape_with_Psyche_Outside_the_Palace_of_Cupid" title="Landscape with Psyche Outside the Palace of Cupid">Landscape with Psyche Outside the Palace of Cupid</a></i> (1664, Lorrain)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psyche_Showing_Her_Sisters_Her_Gifts_from_Cupid" title="Psyche Showing Her Sisters Her Gifts from Cupid">Psyche Showing Her Sisters Her Gifts from Cupid</a></i> (1753, Fragonard)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cupid_Crowned_by_Psyche" title="Cupid Crowned by Psyche">Cupid Crowned by Psyche</a></i> (1790, Greuze)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psyche_Abandoned_(painting)" title="Psyche Abandoned (painting)">Psyche Abandoned</a></i> (1795, David)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche_(G%C3%A9rard)" title="Cupid and Psyche (Gérard)">Cupid and Psyche</a></i> (1798, Gérard)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_and_Psyche_(David)" title="Love and Psyche (David)">Love and Psyche</a></i> (1817, David)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psyche_Looking_at_Love" title="Psyche Looking at Love">Psyche Looking at Love</a></i> (1885, Rodin)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Amour_et_Psych%C3%A9,_enfants" title="L'Amour et Psyché, enfants">L'Amour et Psyché, enfants</a></i> (1890, Bouguereau)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bath_of_Psyche" title="The Bath of Psyche">The Bath of Psyche</a></i> (1890, Leighton)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psych%C3%A9_(play)" title="Psyché (play)">Psyché</a> (1671 play)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ode_to_Psyche" title="Ode to Psyche">Ode to Psyche</a></i> (1819)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eros_and_Psyche_(Robert_Bridges)" title="Eros and Psyche (Robert Bridges)">Eros and Psyche</a></i> (1885)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Ass" title="The Golden Ass">The Golden Ass</a></i> (1650)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Robber_Bridegroom_(novella)" title="The Robber Bridegroom (novella)">The Robber Bridegroom</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Till_We_Have_Faces" title="Till We Have Faces">Till We Have Faces</a></i> (1956)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Sex_%27n%27_Money" title="Sex 'n' Money">Sex 'n' Money</a>" (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Story within a story</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Visitors_(opera)" title="The Visitors (opera)">The Visitors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Old_Woman_Telling_the_Tale_of_Psyche" title="Old Woman Telling the Tale of Psyche">Old Woman Telling the Tale of Psyche</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses_(play)" title="Metamorphoses (play)">Metamorphoses</a></i> (play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Widow_from_Valencia" title="The Widow from Valencia">The Widow from Valencia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Serpent" title="The Green Serpent">The Green Serpent</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apuleius&#039;s_The_Golden_Ass84" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Golden_Ass" title="Template:The Golden Ass"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Golden_Ass" title="Template talk:The Golden Ass"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Golden_Ass" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Golden Ass"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apuleius&#039;s_The_Golden_Ass84" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Apuleius" title="Apuleius">Apuleius</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Ass" title="The Golden Ass">The Golden Ass</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modernisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Ass_(Machiavelli)" title="The Golden Ass (Machiavelli)">The Golden Ass</a></i> (Machiavelli, 1517)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Till_We_Have_Faces" title="Till We Have Faces">Till We Have Faces</a></i> (Lewis, 1956)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cupid and Psyche</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Description</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Character source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silverlock" title="Silverlock">Silverlock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135662#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata632" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135662#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata632" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135662#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjCpDh4QQ73yhr6jWbfd6X">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85034826">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007538332305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&oldid=1271189224">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&oldid=1271189224</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cupid_and_Psyche" title="Category:Cupid and Psyche">Cupid and Psyche</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2nd-century_literature" title="Category:2nd-century literature">2nd-century literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ATU_400-459" title="Category:ATU 400-459">ATU 400-459</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Classical_Latin_literature" title="Category:Classical Latin literature">Classical Latin literature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deeds_of_Aphrodite" title="Category:Deeds of Aphrodite">Deeds of Aphrodite</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deeds_of_Eros" title="Category:Deeds of Eros">Deeds of Eros</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deeds_of_Pan_(god)" title="Category:Deeds of Pan (god)">Deeds of Pan (god)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Love_stories" title="Category:Love stories">Love stories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mythological_duos" title="Category:Mythological duos">Mythological duos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mythological_lovers" title="Category:Mythological lovers">Mythological lovers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prose_texts_in_Latin" title="Category:Prose texts in Latin">Prose texts in Latin</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text">Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Ancient_Greek_(to_1453)_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Ancient Greek (to 1453) IPA">Pages with Ancient Greek (to 1453) IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Latin_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Latin IPA">Pages with Latin IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2013" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_div_col_with_small_parameter" title="Category:Pages using div col with small parameter">Pages using div col with small parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_video_clips" title="Category:Articles containing video clips">Articles containing video clips</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 January 2025, at 23:18<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cupid_and_Psyche&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cupid and Psyche</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>24 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c6f46dcf-njtzt","wgBackendResponseTime":226,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.967","walltime":"1.182","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8382,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":195187,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4068,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":288322,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 919.090 1 -total"," 27.00% 248.169 1 Template:Reflist"," 12.37% 113.668 11 Template:Cite_book"," 8.72% 80.154 2 Template:Langx"," 8.57% 78.752 1 Template:Greek_underworld"," 7.14% 65.642 16 Template:Cite_journal"," 6.53% 60.039 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.34% 58.309 20 Template:Cite_web"," 5.78% 53.098 2 Template:Sister_project"," 5.62% 51.626 2 Template:Side_box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.512","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16777560,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c6f46dcf-xmbhz","timestamp":"20250331025831","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Cupid and Psyche","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cupid_and_Psyche","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q135662","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q135662","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-06-28T04:05:36Z","dateModified":"2025-01-22T23:18:07Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a6\/Gerard_FrancoisPascalSimon-Cupid_Psyche_end.jpg","headline":"story from the Metamorphoses of Apelius"}</script> </body> </html>