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src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-th.svg" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 1.6875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="สารานุกรมเสรี" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-th.svg" width="100" height="18" style="width: 6.25em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ค้นหา</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search 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<div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87+%28%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87+%28%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87+%28%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87+%28%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ดูเพิ่ม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ดูเพิ่ม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ดูเพิ่ม</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ดูเพิ่ม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">สีทอง (มุทราศาสตร์)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 23 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oru_(her%C3%A1ldica)" title="Oru (heráldica) – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oru (heráldica)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or_(her%C3%A0ldica)" title="Or (heràldica) – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Or (heràldica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry) – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Or (heraldry)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oro_(heraldiko)" title="Oro (heraldiko) – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oro (heraldiko)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oro_(her%C3%A1ldica)" title="Oro (heráldica) – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oro (heráldica)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuld_(heraldika)" title="Kuld (heraldika) – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuld (heraldika)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urre_(heraldika)" title="Urre (heraldika) – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Urre (heraldika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulta_(heraldiikka)" title="Kulta (heraldiikka) – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kulta (heraldiikka)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or_(h%C3%A9raldique)" title="Or (héraldique) – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Or (héraldique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouro_(her%C3%A1ldica)" title="Ouro (heráldica) – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ouro (heráldica)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8_(%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="אור (הרלדיקה) – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אור (הרלדיקה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arany_(heraldika)" title="Arany (heraldika) – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Arany (heraldika)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oro_(araldica)" title="Oro (araldica) – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oro (araldica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A2_(%E7%B4%8B%E7%AB%A0%E5%AD%A6)" title="オーア (紋章学) – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オーア (紋章学)" data-language-autonym="日本語" 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(อิสริยาภรณ์)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Heraldic_Shield_Or.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Heraldic_Shield_Or.svg/150px-Heraldic_Shield_Or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Heraldic_Shield_Or.svg/225px-Heraldic_Shield_Or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Heraldic_Shield_Or.svg/300px-Heraldic_Shield_Or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="54" data-file-height="64" /></a><figcaption>สีทองทางซ้าย หรือ ลายประ</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/225px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="909" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="ตราแผ่นดินของนอร์เวย์">ตราแผ่นดินของนอร์เวย์</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>สีทอง</b> หรือ <b>ออร์</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">Or (heraldry)</span>) เป็นภาษา<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="มุทราศาสตร์">มุทราศาสตร์</a> (Heraldry) ที่บรรยายลักษณะของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="ผิวตรา (มุทราศาสตร์)">ผิวตรา</a> (Tincture) ที่เป็นสีทอง ที่อยู่ในกลุ่ม<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="ผิวตรา (มุทราศาสตร์)">ผิวตรา</a>สีอ่อนที่เรียกว่ากลุ่ม “โลหะ” ถ้าเป็นการแกะพิมพ์ (engraving) “ทอง” ก็จะเป็นลายประที่เป็นจุดห่างจากกันเท่าๆ กัน<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> “ออร์” มักจะปรากฏเป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="สีเหลือง">สีเหลือง</a> แต่บางทีก็ใช้<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7" title="ทองคำเปลว">ทองคำเปลว</a>ถ้าเป็นภาพใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="หนังสือวิจิตร">หนังสือวิจิตร</a> </p><p>หรืออาจจะจารึกด้วยอักษรย่อ “Or (heraldry)” ของคำว่า “Or (heraldry)” </p><p>คำว่า “Or” มาจาก<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="ภาษาฝรั่งเศส">ภาษาฝรั่งเศส</a> ว่า “Or” ที่แปลว่า “ทอง” บางครั้งก็จะใช้คำว่า “Gold” แทนที่จะใช้คำว่า “Or” ในการให้<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="นิยามของตรา">นิยามของตรา</a> บางครั้งเพื่อป้องกันการใช้คำว่า “Or” ซ้ำกันหลายครั้ง หรือเพราะเป็นคำที่นิยมใช้กันเมื่อทำการบันทึก หรือเจ้าหน้าที่ผู้บันทึกนิยามอาจจะนิยมใช้คำว่า “Gold” มากกว่า </p><p>อักษร “O” ของ “Or” มักจะสะกดด้วยอักษรตัวใหญ่ เช่นในคำนิยาม <i>Gules, a fess Or</i> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="พื้นตรา (มุทราศาสตร์)">พื้นตรา</a><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C)" class="mw-redirect" title="สีแดง (อิสริยาภรณ์)">สีแดง</a>, แถบขวางสีทอง) เพื่อไม่ให้สับสนกับคำว่า “or” (ที่แปลว่าหรือ) ที่เป็น<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="คำสันธาน">คำสันธาน</a>ในภาษาอังกฤษ </p><p>รงคตราสีทองเป็นสัญลักษณ์ของ: </p> <ul><li>เพชรพลอย - <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="บุษราคัม">บุษราคัม</a></li> <li>เทพ - <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="พระอาทิตย์">พระอาทิตย์</a></li> <li>โลหะ - <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ทอง">ทอง</a></li> <li>คุณธรรม - <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ความศรัทธา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ความศรัทธา</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> หรือ ความเชื่อฟัง และ ความนุ่มนวล<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">This form of hatching is part of a scheme of indicating heraldic tinctures developed by Silvester Petra Sancta in his <i>Terrerae Gentilitia</i> (1638), according to Woodcock & Robinson (1988), p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">See the table in Woodcock & Robinson (1988), p. 54, compiled from G. Leigh's <i>Accedence of Armory</i> (1562) and Sir John Ferne's <i>The Glory of Generositie</i> (1586).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodcock & Robinson (1988), p. 54, attributed to De Bado Aureo.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Woodcock, Thomas and John Martin Robinson (1988). <i>The Oxford Guide to Heraldry</i>. Oxford: University Press. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD/0192116584" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0192116584</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ดูเพิ่ม"><span id=".E0.B8.94.E0.B8.B9.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.B4.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.A1"></span>ดูเพิ่ม</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ดูเพิ่ม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="นิยามของตรา">นิยามของตรา</a></li> <li><a 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title="แก้ไขแม่แบบนี้" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ก</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ผิวตรา" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C)" class="mw-redirect" title="ผิวตรา (อิสริยาภรณ์)">ผิวตรา</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:Lavender"><div><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C)" class="mw-redirect" title="ผิวตรา (อิสริยาภรณ์)">ลักษณะผิวตรา</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="กฎของผิวตรา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กฎของผิวตรา</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>โลหะ:</b> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C)" class="mw-redirect" title="สีเงิน (อิสริยาภรณ์)">เงิน</a> <small>(<i>Argent</i>)</small> <b>·</b>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">ทอง</a> <small>(<i>Or</i>)</small>    <b>สี:</b> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="สีน้ำเงิน (มุทราศาสตร์)">น้ำเงิน</a> <small>(<i>Azure</i>)</small>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B3_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="สีดำ (มุทราศาสตร์)">ดำ</a> <small>(<i>Sable</i>)</small>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="สีเขียว (มุทราศาสตร์)">สีเขียว</a> <small>(<i>Vert</i>)</small> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="สีแดง (มุทราศาสตร์)">แดง</a> <small>(<i>Gules</i>)</small>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="สีม่วง (มุทราศาสตร์) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ม่วง</a> <small>(<i>Purpure</i>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>ขนสัตว์:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ขนเออร์มิน (มุทราศาสตร์) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เออร์มิน</a> <small>(<i>Ermine</i>)</small>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ขนกระรอก (มุทราศาสตร์) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">กระรอก</a> <small>(<i>Vair</i>)</small>    <b>สีเพี้ยน <small>(<i>Stain</i>)</small> :</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="สีม่วงแดง (มุทราศาสตร์) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ม่วงแดง</a> <small>(<i>Murrey</i>)</small>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="สีแดงเลือด (มุทราศาสตร์) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แดงเลือด</a> <small>(<i>Sanguine</i>)</small>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="สีน้ำตาลอมส้ม (มุทราศาสตร์) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">น้ำตาลอมส้ม</a> <small>(<i>Tenné</i>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>อื่นๆ:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="สีท้องฟ้า (มุทราศาสตร์) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ท้องฟ้า</a> <small>(<i>Bleu celeste</i>)</small>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="สีชมพูผิวหนัง (มุทราศาสตร์) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ชมพูผิวหนัง</a> <small>(<i>Carnation</i>)</small>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="สีเหล็ก (มุทราศาสตร์) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เหล็ก</a> <small>(<i>Cendrée</i>)</small>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="สีส้ม (มุทราศาสตร์) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ส้ม</a> <small>(<i>Orange</i>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:Lavender"><div><b>หมวดหมู่ที่เกี่ยวข้อง:</b> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1" title="หมวดหมู่:ตราอาร์ม">ตราอาร์ม</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="หมวดหมู่:ตราแผ่นดิน">ตราแผ่นดิน</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10791470"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="องค์ประกอบในการให้คำนิยามของตรา" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552732"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ดู"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="แม่แบบ:นิยามของตรา"><abbr title="ดูแม่แบบนี้" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ด</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-คุย"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="คุยเรื่องแม่แบบ:นิยามของตรา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)"><abbr title="อภิปรายแม่แบบนี้" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ค</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-แก้"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:EditPage/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="พิเศษ:EditPage/แม่แบบ:นิยามของตรา"><abbr title="แก้ไขแม่แบบนี้" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">ก</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="องค์ประกอบในการให้คำนิยามของตรา" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1" title="ตราอาร์ม">องค์ประกอบ</a>ในการให้คำ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="นิยามของตรา">นิยามของตรา</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="โล่ (มุทราศาสตร์)">โล่</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C)" class="mw-redirect" title="เครื่องหมาย (อิสริยาภรณ์)">เครื่องหมาย</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C)" class="mw-redirect" title="ผิวตรา (อิสริยาภรณ์)">ผิวตรา</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88_(%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="การแบ่งโล่ (มุทราศาสตร์)">การแบ่งโล่</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="พื้นตรา">พื้นตรา</a> • <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C)" class="mw-redirect" title="เส้นแบ่ง (อิสริยาภรณ์)">เส้นแบ่ง</a>  • <a 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href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="วิกิพีเดีย:โครงการจัดหมวดหมู่โครงที่ยังไม่สมบูรณ์">วิกิพีเดีย:โครงการจัดหมวดหมู่โครงที่ยังไม่สมบูรณ์</a>)</p></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552732"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ดู"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87" title="แม่แบบ:โครง"><abbr title="ดูแม่แบบนี้">ด</abbr></a></li><li 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