CINXE.COM
Navigation & Positioning – Centre Tecnol貌gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Navigation & Positioning – Centre Tecnol貌gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.cttc.cat/navigation-positioning/" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://www.cttc.cat/navigation-positioning/" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//code.jquery.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.fontawesome.com' /> <link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Centre Tecnol貌gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC) » Feed" href="https://www.cttc.cat/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Centre Tecnol貌gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC) » Comments Feed" href="https://www.cttc.cat/comments/feed/" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.cttc.cat\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-fonts-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,regular,italic,600,600italic,700,700italic,800,800italic|Lora:regular' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> <style id='wppb-edit-profile-style-inline-css'> </style> <style id='wppb-login-style-inline-css'> </style> <style id='wppb-recover-password-style-inline-css'> </style> <style id='wppb-register-style-inline-css'> </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--dark: var(--dark);--wp--preset--color--contrast: var(--contrast);--wp--preset--color--contrast-2: var(--contrast-2);--wp--preset--color--base: var(--base);--wp--preset--color--base-2: var(--base-2);--wp--preset--color--base-3: var(--base-3);--wp--preset--color--accent: var(--accent);--wp--preset--color--accent-2: var(--accent-2);--wp--preset--color--dark-2: var(--dark-2);--wp--preset--color--dark-3: var(--dark-3);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpml-blocks-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/dist/css/blocks/styles.css?ver=4.6.15' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=6.0.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='osm-map-css-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/osm/css/osm_map.css?ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='osm-ol3-css-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/osm/js/OL/7.1.0/ol.css?ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='osm-ol3-ext-css-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/osm/css/osm_map_v3.css?ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-job-manager-job-listings-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/wp-job-manager/assets/dist/css/job-listings.css?ver=598383a28ac5f9f156e4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='yearly-archive-facetwp-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/yearly-archive-facetwp/public/css/yearly-archive-facetwp-public.css?ver=2.1.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cmplz-general-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/complianz-gdpr/assets/css/cookieblocker.min.css?ver=1741891264' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jquery-ui-css' href='//code.jquery.com/ui/1.13.3/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.min.css?ver=1.13.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jm-application-deadline-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/wp-job-manager-application-deadline/assets/dist/css/frontend.css?ver=1.3.0' media='' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-job-manager-applications-frontend-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/wp-job-manager-applications/assets/dist/css/frontend.css?ver=3.2.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-widget-areas-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/components/widget-areas.min.css?ver=3.5.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-style-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/main.min.css?ver=3.5.1' media='all' /> <style id='generate-style-inline-css'> body{background-color:#ffffff;color:var(--dark);}a{color:var(--dark-3);}a:hover, a:focus, a:active{color:var(--accent);}.wp-block-group__inner-container{max-width:1200px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.site-header .header-image{width:230px;}.generate-back-to-top{font-size:20px;border-radius:3px;position:fixed;bottom:30px;right:30px;line-height:40px;width:40px;text-align:center;z-index:10;transition:opacity 300ms ease-in-out;opacity:0.1;transform:translateY(1000px);}.generate-back-to-top__show{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0);}:root{--dark:#333;--contrast:#433b67;--contrast-2:#b2b2be;--base:#fff;--base-2:#f5f5f5;--base-3:#e2e2e2;--accent:#f56600;--accent-2:#f98532;--dark-2:#666;--dark-3:#999;}:root .has-dark-color{color:var(--dark);}:root .has-dark-background-color{background-color:var(--dark);}:root .has-contrast-color{color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast);}:root .has-contrast-2-color{color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-contrast-2-background-color{background-color:var(--contrast-2);}:root .has-base-color{color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-background-color{background-color:var(--base);}:root .has-base-2-color{color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-2-background-color{background-color:var(--base-2);}:root .has-base-3-color{color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-base-3-background-color{background-color:var(--base-3);}:root .has-accent-color{color:var(--accent);}:root .has-accent-background-color{background-color:var(--accent);}:root .has-accent-2-color{color:var(--accent-2);}:root .has-accent-2-background-color{background-color:var(--accent-2);}:root .has-dark-2-color{color:var(--dark-2);}:root .has-dark-2-background-color{background-color:var(--dark-2);}:root .has-dark-3-color{color:var(--dark-3);}:root .has-dark-3-background-color{background-color:var(--dark-3);}body, button, input, select, textarea{font-family:"Open Sans", sans-serif;font-size:20px;}body{line-height:1.6;}p{margin-bottom:1.2em;}.entry-content > [class*="wp-block-"]:not(:last-child):not(.wp-block-heading){margin-bottom:1.2em;}.top-bar{font-weight:600;}.main-title{font-weight:normal;font-size:20px;}.site-description{font-size:16px;}.main-navigation a, .menu-toggle{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:18px;}.main-navigation .menu-bar-items{font-size:18px;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li a{font-size:15px;}.widget-title{font-size:18px;margin-bottom:20px;}.sidebar .widget, .footer-widgets .widget{font-size:17px;}button:not(.menu-toggle),html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],.button,.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link{font-weight:600;font-size:22px;}h1{font-family:"Lora", serif;font-size:60px;line-height:1em;margin-bottom:40px;}h2{font-family:"Lora", serif;font-size:40px;line-height:1em;margin-bottom:30px;}h3{font-size:40px;line-height:1.1em;}h4{font-size:32px;line-height:1.1em;}h5{font-size:24px;line-height:1em;}h6{font-size:18px;}.site-info{font-size:14px;}@media (max-width:768px){.main-title{font-size:20px;}h1{font-size:34px;}h2{font-size:30px;}h3{font-size:24px;}h4{font-size:20px;}h5{font-size:18px;}}.top-bar{background-color:var(--contrast);color:var(--base);}.top-bar a{color:var(--base);}.top-bar a:hover{color:var(--accent);}.site-header{background-color:var(--base-2);}.main-title a,.main-title a:hover{color:var(--contrast);}.site-description{color:var(--dark);}.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle,.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle:hover,.mobile-menu-control-wrapper .menu-toggle:focus,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation.toggled{background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);}.main-navigation,.main-navigation ul ul{background-color:var(--base-2);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a, .main-navigation .menu-toggle, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items{color:var(--contrast);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):hover > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):focus > a, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.sfHover:not([class*="current-menu-"]) > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{color:var(--accent);background-color:var(--base-2);}button.menu-toggle:hover,button.menu-toggle:focus{color:var(--contrast);}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a{color:var(--accent);background-color:var(--base-2);}.navigation-search input[type="search"],.navigation-search input[type="search"]:active, .navigation-search input[type="search"]:focus, .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.search-item.active > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items .search-item.active > a{color:var(--accent);background-color:var(--base-2);}.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .one-container .container, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .inside-page-header{color:var(--dark);background-color:var(--base);}.inside-article a,.paging-navigation a,.comments-area a,.page-header a{color:var(--accent);}.inside-article a:hover,.paging-navigation a:hover,.comments-area a:hover,.page-header a:hover{color:var(--dark-3);}.entry-header h1,.page-header h1{color:var(--contrast);}.entry-title a{color:var(--contrast);}.entry-title a:hover{color:var(--contrast);}.entry-meta{color:var(--dark-2);}.entry-meta a{color:var(--dark-2);}.entry-meta a:hover{color:var(--dark-2);}h1{color:var(--contrast);}h2{color:var(--contrast);}h3{color:#433b67;}h4{color:var(--contrast);}h5{color:var(--contrast);}.sidebar .widget{color:var(--dark);background-color:rgba(245,243,242,0.5);}.sidebar .widget a{color:var(--contrast);}.sidebar .widget a:hover{color:var(--accent);}.sidebar .widget .widget-title{color:var(--contrast);}.site-info{color:var(--dark);background-color:var(--base);}.site-info a{color:var(--contrast);}.site-info a:hover{color:var(--accent);}.footer-bar .widget_nav_menu .current-menu-item a{color:var(--accent);}input[type="text"],input[type="email"],input[type="url"],input[type="password"],input[type="search"],input[type="tel"],input[type="number"],textarea,select{color:var(--dark);background-color:var(--base-2);border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);}input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,input[type="tel"]:focus,input[type="number"]:focus,textarea:focus,select:focus{color:var(--contrast);background-color:var(--base);border-color:var(--contrast);}button,html input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],a.button,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background){color:var(--base);background-color:var(--contrast);}button:hover,html input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="reset"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:hover,a.button:hover,button:focus,html input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:focus,a.button:focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):active,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):focus,a.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background):hover{color:var(--base);background-color:var(--accent);}a.generate-back-to-top{background-color:var(--contrast);color:var(--base);}a.generate-back-to-top:hover,a.generate-back-to-top:focus{background-color:rgba(67,59,103,0.67);color:var(--base);}:root{--gp-search-modal-bg-color:var(--base-3);--gp-search-modal-text-color:var(--contrast);--gp-search-modal-overlay-bg-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);}@media (max-width: 1023px){.main-navigation .menu-bar-item:hover > a, .main-navigation .menu-bar-item.sfHover > a{background:none;color:var(--contrast);}}.inside-top-bar{padding:10px 20px 10px 20px;}.inside-header{padding:20px;}.nav-below-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container, .nav-above-header .main-navigation .inside-navigation.grid-container{padding:0px;}.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .one-container .site-content, .inside-page-header{padding:40px 20px 40px 20px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:40px 20px 40px 20px;}.separate-containers .paging-navigation{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-20px;width:calc(100% + 40px);max-width:calc(100% + 40px);}.one-container.right-sidebar .site-main,.one-container.both-right .site-main{margin-right:20px;}.one-container.left-sidebar .site-main,.one-container.both-left .site-main{margin-left:20px;}.one-container.both-sidebars .site-main{margin:0px 20px 0px 20px;}.sidebar .widget, .page-header, .widget-area .main-navigation, .site-main > *{margin-bottom:0px;}.separate-containers .site-main{margin:0px;}.both-right .inside-left-sidebar,.both-left .inside-left-sidebar{margin-right:0px;}.both-right .inside-right-sidebar,.both-left .inside-right-sidebar{margin-left:0px;}.separate-containers .featured-image{margin-top:0px;}.separate-containers .inside-right-sidebar, .separate-containers .inside-left-sidebar{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a,.menu-toggle,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item > a{line-height:38px;}.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li a{padding:18px 20px 18px 20px;}.main-navigation ul ul{width:190px;}.navigation-search input[type="search"]{height:38px;}.rtl .menu-item-has-children .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-left:20px;}.menu-item-has-children ul .dropdown-menu-toggle{padding-top:18px;padding-bottom:18px;margin-top:-18px;}.rtl .main-navigation .main-nav ul li.menu-item-has-children > a{padding-right:20px;}.widget-area .widget{padding:30px;}.footer-widgets-container{padding:0px 40px 0px 40px;}.inside-site-info{padding:20px;}@media (max-width:768px){.separate-containers .inside-article, .separate-containers .comments-area, .separate-containers .page-header, .separate-containers .paging-navigation, .one-container .site-content, .inside-page-header{padding:20px;}.site-main .wp-block-group__inner-container{padding:20px;}.inside-header{padding-top:0px;}.widget-area .widget{padding-top:20px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:20px;}.inside-site-info{padding-right:10px;padding-left:10px;}.entry-content .alignwide, body:not(.no-sidebar) .entry-content .alignfull{margin-left:-20px;width:calc(100% + 40px);max-width:calc(100% + 40px);}.one-container .site-main .paging-navigation{margin-bottom:0px;}}/* End cached CSS */.is-right-sidebar{width:25%;}.is-left-sidebar{width:25%;}.site-content .content-area{width:100%;}@media (max-width: 1023px){.main-navigation .menu-toggle,.sidebar-nav-mobile:not(#sticky-placeholder){display:block;}.main-navigation ul,.gen-sidebar-nav,.main-navigation:not(.slideout-navigation):not(.toggled) .main-nav > ul,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation .inside-navigation > *:not(.navigation-search):not(.main-nav){display:none;}.nav-align-right .inside-navigation,.nav-align-center .inside-navigation{justify-content:space-between;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .mobile-menu-control-wrapper{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .inside-header{flex-direction:row;text-align:left;flex-wrap:wrap;}.has-inline-mobile-toggle .header-widget,.has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation{flex-basis:100%;}.nav-float-left .has-inline-mobile-toggle #site-navigation{order:10;}} .dynamic-author-image-rounded{border-radius:100%;}.dynamic-featured-image, .dynamic-author-image{vertical-align:middle;}.one-container.blog .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child), .one-container.archive .dynamic-content-template:not(:last-child){padding-bottom:0px;}.dynamic-entry-excerpt > p:last-child{margin-bottom:0px;} .main-navigation .main-nav ul li a,.menu-toggle,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item > a{transition: line-height 300ms ease}.main-navigation.toggled .main-nav > ul{background-color: var(--base-2)}.sticky-enabled .gen-sidebar-nav.is_stuck .main-navigation {margin-bottom: 0px;}.sticky-enabled .gen-sidebar-nav.is_stuck {z-index: 500;}.sticky-enabled .main-navigation.is_stuck {box-shadow: 0 2px 2px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);}.navigation-stick:not(.gen-sidebar-nav) {left: 0;right: 0;width: 100% !important;}.both-sticky-menu .main-navigation:not(#mobile-header).toggled .main-nav > ul,.mobile-sticky-menu .main-navigation:not(#mobile-header).toggled .main-nav > ul,.mobile-header-sticky #mobile-header.toggled .main-nav > ul {position: absolute;left: 0;right: 0;z-index: 999;}.nav-float-right .navigation-stick {width: 100% !important;left: 0;}.nav-float-right .navigation-stick .navigation-branding {margin-right: auto;}.main-navigation.has-sticky-branding:not(.grid-container) .inside-navigation:not(.grid-container) .navigation-branding{margin-left: 10px;}.main-navigation.navigation-stick.has-sticky-branding .inside-navigation.grid-container{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}@media (max-width:768px){.main-navigation.navigation-stick.has-sticky-branding .inside-navigation.grid-container{padding-left:0;padding-right:0;}} .navigation-branding .main-title{font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-size:20px;}@media (max-width: 1024px){.main-navigation:not(.slideout-navigation) a, .main-navigation .menu-toggle, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items{font-size:24px;}.main-navigation:not(.slideout-navigation) .main-nav ul ul li a{font-size:21px;}.main-title, .navigation-branding .main-title{font-size:20px;}}@media (max-width: 1023px){.main-navigation:not(.slideout-navigation) a, .main-navigation .menu-toggle, .main-navigation .menu-bar-items{font-size:24px;}.main-navigation:not(.slideout-navigation) .main-nav ul ul li a{font-size:21px;}.navigation-branding .main-title{font-size:20px;}} @media (max-width: 1023px){.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a,.main-navigation .menu-toggle,.main-navigation .mobile-bar-items a,.main-navigation .menu-bar-item > a{line-height:50px;}.main-navigation .site-logo.navigation-logo img, .mobile-header-navigation .site-logo.mobile-header-logo img, .navigation-search input[type="search"]{height:50px;}}.post-image:not(:first-child), .page-content:not(:first-child), .entry-content:not(:first-child), .entry-summary:not(:first-child), footer.entry-meta{margin-top:0em;}.post-image-above-header .inside-article div.featured-image, .post-image-above-header .inside-article div.post-image{margin-bottom:0em;}@media (max-width: 1024px),(min-width:1025px){.main-navigation.sticky-navigation-transition .main-nav > ul > li > a,.sticky-navigation-transition .menu-toggle,.main-navigation.sticky-navigation-transition .menu-bar-item > a, .sticky-navigation-transition .navigation-branding .main-title{line-height:68px;}.main-navigation.sticky-navigation-transition .site-logo img, .main-navigation.sticky-navigation-transition .navigation-search input[type="search"], .main-navigation.sticky-navigation-transition .navigation-branding img{height:68px;}}.main-navigation.slideout-navigation .main-nav > ul > li > a{line-height:60px;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-font-icons-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/css/components/font-icons.min.css?ver=3.5.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-child-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/themes/cttc/style.css?ver=1648813729' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='heateor_sss_frontend_css-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/css/sassy-social-share-public.css?ver=3.3.70' media='all' /> <style id='heateor_sss_frontend_css-inline-css'> .heateor_sss_button_instagram span.heateor_sss_svg,a.heateor_sss_instagram span.heateor_sss_svg{background:radial-gradient(circle at 30% 107%,#fdf497 0,#fdf497 5%,#fd5949 45%,#d6249f 60%,#285aeb 90%)}div.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span{background:#433b67!important;}div.heateor_sss_standard_follow_icons_container a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span{background:#433b67}div.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span:hover{background:#f56600!important;}div.heateor_sss_standard_follow_icons_container a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span:hover{background:#f56600}div.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span{background:#433b67!important;}div.heateor_sss_floating_follow_icons_container a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span{background:#433b67}div.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span:hover{background:#f56600!important;}div.heateor_sss_floating_follow_icons_container a.heateor_sss_button_instagram span:hover{background:#f56600}.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing .heateor_sss_svg,.heateor_sss_standard_follow_icons_container .heateor_sss_svg{background-color:#433b67!important;background:#433b67!important;color:#fff;border-width:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent}.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing .heateorSssTCBackground{color:#666}.heateor_sss_horizontal_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg:hover,.heateor_sss_standard_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg:hover{background-color:#f56600!important;background:#f56600!importantborder-color:transparent;}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg,.heateor_sss_floating_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg{background-color:#433b67!important;background:#433b67!important;color:#fff;border-width:0px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent;}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing .heateorSssTCBackground{color:#666;}.heateor_sss_vertical_sharing span.heateor_sss_svg:hover,.heateor_sss_floating_follow_icons_container span.heateor_sss_svg:hover{background-color:#f56600!important;background:#f56600!important;border-color:transparent;}div.heateor_sss_mobile_footer{display:none;}@media screen and (max-width:767px){div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing .heateorSssTCBackground{background-color:white}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing{width:100%!important;left:0!important;}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing a{width:16.666666666667% !important;}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing .heateor_sss_svg{width: 100% !important;}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing div.heateorSssTotalShareCount{font-size:1em!important;line-height:21px!important}div.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing div.heateorSssTotalShareText{font-size:.7em!important;line-height:0px!important}div.heateor_sss_mobile_footer{display:block;height:30px;}.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing{padding:0!important;display:block!important;width:auto!important;bottom:-2px!important;top: auto!important;}.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing .heateor_sss_square_count{line-height:inherit;}.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing .heateorSssSharingArrow{display:none;}.heateor_sss_bottom_sharing .heateorSssTCBackground{margin-right:1.1em!important}} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='searchwp-live-search-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/searchwp-live-ajax-search/assets/styles/style.css?ver=1.8.5' media='all' /> <style id='searchwp-live-search-inline-css'> .searchwp-live-search-result .searchwp-live-search-result--title a { font-size: 16px; } .searchwp-live-search-result .searchwp-live-search-result--price { font-size: 14px; } .searchwp-live-search-result .searchwp-live-search-result--add-to-cart .button { font-size: 14px; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='searchwp-forms-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/searchwp/assets/css/frontend/search-forms.css?ver=4.3.18' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generateblocks-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/uploads/generateblocks/style-12538.css?ver=1741169820' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='animate-css-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/custom_functionalities/css/animate.min.css?ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='custom-css-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/custom_functionalities/css/custom.css?ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='slick-css-css' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/slick-carousel@1.8.1/slick/slick.css?ver=1.8.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-css' href='//use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.3.1/css/all.css?ver=5.3.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-offside-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/menu-plus/functions/css/offside.min.css?ver=2.5.0' media='all' /> <style id='generate-offside-inline-css'> :root{--gp-slideout-width:265px;}.slideout-navigation.main-navigation{background-color:var(--contrast);}.slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a{color:var(--base);font-weight:normal;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:20px;}.slideout-navigation.main-navigation.do-overlay .main-nav ul ul li a{font-size:1em;font-size:19px;}@media (max-width:768px){.slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a{font-size:18px;}.slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul ul li a{font-size:17px;}}.slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):hover > a, .slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul li:not([class*="current-menu-"]):focus > a, .slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul li.sfHover:not([class*="current-menu-"]) > a{color:var(--accent);background-color:var(--contrast);}.slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul li[class*="current-menu-"] > a{color:var(--accent);background-color:var(--contrast);}.slideout-navigation, .slideout-navigation a{color:var(--base);}.slideout-navigation button.slideout-exit{color:var(--base);padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}.slideout-navigation .dropdown-menu-toggle:before{content:"\f107";}.slideout-navigation .sfHover > a .dropdown-menu-toggle:before{content:"\f106";}@media (max-width: 1023px){.menu-bar-item.slideout-toggle{display:none;}} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gp-premium-icons-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/general/icons/icons.min.css?ver=2.5.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='generate-navigation-branding-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/menu-plus/functions/css/navigation-branding-flex.min.css?ver=2.5.0' media='all' /> <style id='generate-navigation-branding-inline-css'> @media (max-width: 1023px){.site-header, #site-navigation, #sticky-navigation{display:none !important;opacity:0.0;}#mobile-header{display:block !important;width:100% !important;}#mobile-header .main-nav > ul{display:none;}#mobile-header.toggled .main-nav > ul, #mobile-header .menu-toggle, #mobile-header .mobile-bar-items{display:block;}#mobile-header .main-nav{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:5;-ms-flex-order:4;order:4;}}.main-navigation.has-branding .inside-navigation.grid-container, .main-navigation.has-branding.grid-container .inside-navigation:not(.grid-container){padding:0px 20px 0px 20px;}.main-navigation.has-branding:not(.grid-container) .inside-navigation:not(.grid-container) .navigation-branding{margin-left:10px;}.main-navigation .sticky-navigation-logo, .main-navigation.navigation-stick .site-logo:not(.mobile-header-logo){display:none;}.main-navigation.navigation-stick .sticky-navigation-logo{display:block;}.navigation-branding img, .site-logo.mobile-header-logo img{height:38px;width:auto;}.navigation-branding .main-title{line-height:38px;}@media (max-width: 1023px){.main-navigation.has-branding.nav-align-center .menu-bar-items, .main-navigation.has-sticky-branding.navigation-stick.nav-align-center .menu-bar-items{margin-left:auto;}.navigation-branding{margin-right:auto;margin-left:10px;}.navigation-branding .main-title, .mobile-header-navigation .site-logo{margin-left:10px;}.main-navigation.has-branding .inside-navigation.grid-container{padding:0px;}.navigation-branding img, .site-logo.mobile-header-logo{height:50px;}.navigation-branding .main-title{line-height:50px;}} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wppb_stylesheet-css' href='https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/profile-builder/assets/css/style-front-end.css?ver=3.13.4' media='all' /> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/slick-carousel@1.8.1/slick/slick.min.js?ver=1.8.1" id="slick-js-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/osm/js/OL/2.13.1/OpenLayers.js?ver=6.7.2" id="osm-ol-library-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/osm/js/OSM/openlayers/OpenStreetMap.js?ver=6.7.2" id="osm-osm-library-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/osm/js/OSeaM/harbours.js?ver=6.7.2" id="osm-harbours-library-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/osm/js/OSeaM/map_utils.js?ver=6.7.2" id="osm-map-utils-library-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/osm/js/OSeaM/utilities.js?ver=6.7.2" id="osm-utilities-library-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/osm/js/osm-plugin-lib.js?ver=6.7.2" id="OsmScript-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/osm/js/polyfill/v2/polyfill.min.js?features=requestAnimationFrame%2CElement.prototype.classList%2CURL&ver=6.7.2" id="osm-polyfill-js"></script> <script type="text/plain" data-service="openstreetmaps" data-category="marketing" data-cmplz-src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/osm/js/OL/7.1.0/ol.js?ver=6.7.2" id="osm-ol3-library-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/osm/js/osm-v3-plugin-lib.js?ver=6.7.2" id="osm-ol3-ext-library-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/osm/js/osm-metabox-events.js?ver=6.7.2" id="osm-ol3-metabox-events-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/osm/js/osm-startup-lib.js?ver=6.7.2" id="osm-map-startup-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/yearly-archive-facetwp/public/js/yearly-archive-facetwp-public.js?ver=2.1.2" id="yearly-archive-facetwp-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/12538" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.cttc.cat/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.cttc.cat/navigation-positioning/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.cttc.cat/?p=12538' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cttc.cat%2Fnavigation-positioning%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cttc.cat%2Fnavigation-positioning%2F&format=xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="WPML ver:4.6.15 stt:8,1,2;" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /** all layers have to be in this global array - in further process each map will have something like vectorM[map_ol3js_n][layer_n] */ var vectorM = [[]]; /** put translations from PHP/mo to JavaScript */ var translations = []; /** global GET-Parameters */ var HTTP_GET_VARS = []; </script><!-- OSM plugin V6.1.6: did not add geo meta tags. --> <style>.cmplz-hidden { display: none !important; }</style> <script> (function($) { $(document).on('facetwp-refresh', function() { if (FWP.soft_refresh == true) { FWP.enable_scroll = true; } else { FWP.enable_scroll = false; } }); $(document).on('facetwp-loaded', function() { if (FWP.enable_scroll == true) { $('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: 0 }, 500); } }); })(jQuery); </script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/ui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.js"></script> <link href="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.12.1/themes/base/jquery-ui.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen" type="text/css" /><!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics --> <script type="text/plain" data-service="google-analytics" data-category="statistics" async data-cmplz-src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-179630759-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-2145531-1'); </script> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/favicon-150x150.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/favicon.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/favicon.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/favicon.png" /> <style id="wp-custom-css"> /* GeneratePress Site CSS */ /* navigation letter spacing */ .is-layout-flex { display: flex; } .wp-block-social-links.is-layout-flex { gap: 4px; } .main-navigation a, .slideout-navigation.main-navigation .main-nav ul li a { letter-spacing: 1px; } /* navigation line effects */ @media (min-width: 1024px) { .main-navigation .main-nav > ul > li > a:before { position: absolute; content: ''; width: 1px; height: 0; background-color: #607b7d; left: 50%; top: -50px; -webkit-transform: translateX(-50%); -moz-transform: translateX(-50%); -ms-transform: translateX(-50%); -o-transform: translateX(-50%); transform: translateX(-50%); -webkit-transition: all .3s ease-out 0s; -moz-transition: all .3s ease-out 0s; -ms-transition: all .3s ease-out 0s; -o-transition: all .3s ease-out 0s; transition: all .3s ease-out 0s; } .main-navigation .main-nav > ul > li:hover > a:before { height: 50px; } .main-navigation .main-nav > ul > li.current-menu-item > a:before { height: 50px; width: 1px; } } /* line above H1 on global header elements */ .headline-rule h1 { position: relative; } .headline-rule h1:before { content: ''; position: absolute; display: block; height: 60px; border-left: 1px solid #607b7d; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%); top: -66px; } /* mobile header spacing */ .mobile-header-navigation { padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; } /* image block styling */ figure.wp-block-image.image-style img { border-radius: 80px 4px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); } /* mailchimp form styling */ .mc4wp-form input[type="email"] { background-color: #f5f3f2; line-height: 34px; margin-bottom: 10px; width: 300px; border: none; border-radius: 2px; font-size: 15px; } @media (max-width: 767px) { .mc4wp-form input[type="email"] { width: 100%; margin-bottom: 10px; } } .mc4wp-form input[type=submit] { color: #ffffff; line-height: 34px; font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: 1px; width: 150px; border: none; border-radius: 2px; -webkit-transition: all 500ms ease-in-out; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out; } @media (max-width: 767px) { .mc4wp-form input[type="submit"] { width: 100%; } } /* End GeneratePress Site CSS */ .ref_bibliografica:before { background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ico-people.svg) no-repeat center center; background-size: 100%; content: ' '; display: inline-block; height: 30px; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: top; width: 30px; } .info_publication .google_scholar:before { background: url(/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/ico-google_scholar-1.svg) no-repeat center center; background-size: 100%; content: ' '; display: inline-block; height: 30px; margin-right: 10px; vertical-align: top; width: 40px; } .publication-item .info_publication a { color: var(--contrast-2); } /*CANVIS TOP BAR LOGO HR*/ .top-bar .inside-top-bar { justify-content: space-between; } .top-bar .inside-top-bar aside:first-child { order: 1 !important; margin-left: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 12px; } .top-bar .inside-top-bar aside:last-child { order: 2 !important; margin-left: auto !important; } .top-bar .inside-top-bar aside:nth-child(2) { order: 3 !important; margin-left: 44px !important; } @media (min-width: 1024px) { .top-bar .inside-top-bar aside:first-child { margin-bottom: 0; } } /* AFEGIT A PRO per align logo HR cap莽alera esquerra */ .top-bar p.gb-headline { text-align: left; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1em; margin-bottom: 0; } .top-bar .inside-top-bar { justify-content: space-between; } </style> </head> <body data-cmplz=1 class="page-template-default page page-id-12538 wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive post-image-aligned-center slideout-enabled slideout-mobile sticky-menu-slide sticky-enabled both-sticky-menu mobile-header mobile-header-logo mobile-header-sticky no-sidebar nav-float-right separate-containers header-aligned-left dropdown-hover generatepress-child" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemscope> <a class="screen-reader-text skip-link" href="#content" title="Skip to content">Skip to content</a> <div class="top-bar top-bar-align-right"> <div class="inside-top-bar"> <aside id="block-6" class="widget inner-padding widget_block"><div class="gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-7ad4b5ec"> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-1ebea424"><div class="gb-container gb-container-1ebea424"> <a href="https://www.cttc.cat/talent/hrs4r"><figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><img decoding="async" src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/hr_excellence_in_research_white_small.png" alt="" class="wp-image-28589" width="32" height="32"/></figure></a> </div></div> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-e72a6cdd"><div class="gb-container gb-container-e72a6cdd"> <a href="https://www.cttc.cat/talent/hrs4r"><p class="gb-headline gb-headline-e1cf5359 gb-headline-text">A stimulating and favorable work environment for researchers</p></a> </div></div> </div></aside><aside id="block-2" class="widget inner-padding widget_block"> <ul class="wp-block-social-links has-small-icon-size has-icon-color has-icon-background-color items-justified-right is-style-default is-horizontal is-content-justification-right is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-social-links-is-layout-1 wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex"><li style="color: #433b67; background-color: #ffffff; " class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-linkedin has-white-background-color wp-block-social-link"><a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/cttc/" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z"></path></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span></a></li> <li style="color: #433b67; background-color: #ffffff; " class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-instagram has-white-background-color wp-block-social-link"><a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/cttc_tech/" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M12,4.622c2.403,0,2.688,0.009,3.637,0.052c0.877,0.04,1.354,0.187,1.671,0.31c0.42,0.163,0.72,0.358,1.035,0.673 c0.315,0.315,0.51,0.615,0.673,1.035c0.123,0.317,0.27,0.794,0.31,1.671c0.043,0.949,0.052,1.234,0.052,3.637 s-0.009,2.688-0.052,3.637c-0.04,0.877-0.187,1.354-0.31,1.671c-0.163,0.42-0.358,0.72-0.673,1.035 c-0.315,0.315-0.615,0.51-1.035,0.673c-0.317,0.123-0.794,0.27-1.671,0.31c-0.949,0.043-1.233,0.052-3.637,0.052 s-2.688-0.009-3.637-0.052c-0.877-0.04-1.354-0.187-1.671-0.31c-0.42-0.163-0.72-0.358-1.035-0.673 c-0.315-0.315-0.51-0.615-0.673-1.035c-0.123-0.317-0.27-0.794-0.31-1.671C4.631,14.688,4.622,14.403,4.622,12 s0.009-2.688,0.052-3.637c0.04-0.877,0.187-1.354,0.31-1.671c0.163-0.42,0.358-0.72,0.673-1.035 c0.315-0.315,0.615-0.51,1.035-0.673c0.317-0.123,0.794-0.27,1.671-0.31C9.312,4.631,9.597,4.622,12,4.622 M12,3 C9.556,3,9.249,3.01,8.289,3.054C7.331,3.098,6.677,3.25,6.105,3.472C5.513,3.702,5.011,4.01,4.511,4.511 c-0.5,0.5-0.808,1.002-1.038,1.594C3.25,6.677,3.098,7.331,3.054,8.289C3.01,9.249,3,9.556,3,12c0,2.444,0.01,2.751,0.054,3.711 c0.044,0.958,0.196,1.612,0.418,2.185c0.23,0.592,0.538,1.094,1.038,1.594c0.5,0.5,1.002,0.808,1.594,1.038 c0.572,0.222,1.227,0.375,2.185,0.418C9.249,20.99,9.556,21,12,21s2.751-0.01,3.711-0.054c0.958-0.044,1.612-0.196,2.185-0.418 c0.592-0.23,1.094-0.538,1.594-1.038c0.5-0.5,0.808-1.002,1.038-1.594c0.222-0.572,0.375-1.227,0.418-2.185 C20.99,14.751,21,14.444,21,12s-0.01-2.751-0.054-3.711c-0.044-0.958-0.196-1.612-0.418-2.185c-0.23-0.592-0.538-1.094-1.038-1.594 c-0.5-0.5-1.002-0.808-1.594-1.038c-0.572-0.222-1.227-0.375-2.185-0.418C14.751,3.01,14.444,3,12,3L12,3z M12,7.378 c-2.552,0-4.622,2.069-4.622,4.622S9.448,16.622,12,16.622s4.622-2.069,4.622-4.622S14.552,7.378,12,7.378z M12,15 c-1.657,0-3-1.343-3-3s1.343-3,3-3s3,1.343,3,3S13.657,15,12,15z M16.804,6.116c-0.596,0-1.08,0.484-1.08,1.08 s0.484,1.08,1.08,1.08c0.596,0,1.08-0.484,1.08-1.08S17.401,6.116,16.804,6.116z"></path></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">Instagram</span></a></li> <li style="color: #433b67; background-color: #ffffff; " class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-x has-white-background-color wp-block-social-link"><a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://x.com/CttcTech" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M13.982 10.622 20.54 3h-1.554l-5.693 6.618L8.745 3H3.5l6.876 10.007L3.5 21h1.554l6.012-6.989L15.868 21h5.245l-7.131-10.378Zm-2.128 2.474-.697-.997-5.543-7.93H8l4.474 6.4.697.996 5.815 8.318h-2.387l-4.745-6.787Z" /></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">X</span></a></li> <li style="color: #433b67; background-color: #ffffff; " class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-youtube has-white-background-color wp-block-social-link"><a rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/CttcTech" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M21.8,8.001c0,0-0.195-1.378-0.795-1.985c-0.76-0.797-1.613-0.801-2.004-0.847c-2.799-0.202-6.997-0.202-6.997-0.202 h-0.009c0,0-4.198,0-6.997,0.202C4.608,5.216,3.756,5.22,2.995,6.016C2.395,6.623,2.2,8.001,2.2,8.001S2,9.62,2,11.238v1.517 c0,1.618,0.2,3.237,0.2,3.237s0.195,1.378,0.795,1.985c0.761,0.797,1.76,0.771,2.205,0.855c1.6,0.153,6.8,0.201,6.8,0.201 s4.203-0.006,7.001-0.209c0.391-0.047,1.243-0.051,2.004-0.847c0.6-0.607,0.795-1.985,0.795-1.985s0.2-1.618,0.2-3.237v-1.517 C22,9.62,21.8,8.001,21.8,8.001z M9.935,14.594l-0.001-5.62l5.404,2.82L9.935,14.594z"></path></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">YouTube</span></a></li></ul> </aside><aside id="nav_menu-2" class="widget inner-padding widget_nav_menu"><div class="menu-top_menu-container"><ul id="menu-top_menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-4771" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4771"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/transparency/">Transparency</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4770" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4770"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/press/">Press</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5813" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5813"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-28236" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28236"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/newsletter/">Newsletter</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5157" class="intranet menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5157"><a target="_blank" href="https://intranet.cttc.es/egroupware/login.php">Intranet</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div> </div> <header class="site-header has-inline-mobile-toggle" id="masthead" aria-label="Site" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader" itemscope> <div class="inside-header"> <div class="site-logo"> <a href="https://www.cttc.cat/" rel="home"> <img class="header-image is-logo-image" alt="Centre Tecnol貌gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)" src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/logo-cttc-claim.png" srcset="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/logo-cttc-claim.png 1x, https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/logo-cttc-claim.png 2x" width="780" height="298" /> </a> </div> <nav class="main-navigation mobile-menu-control-wrapper" id="mobile-menu-control-wrapper" aria-label="Mobile Toggle"> <button data-nav="site-navigation" class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="generate-slideout-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span> </button> </nav> <nav class="has-sticky-branding main-navigation sub-menu-left" id="site-navigation" aria-label="Primary" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope> <div class="inside-navigation grid-container"> <div class="navigation-branding"><div class="sticky-navigation-logo"> <a href="https://www.cttc.cat/" title="Centre Tecnol貌gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)" rel="home"> <img src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/logo-cttc.png" class="is-logo-image" alt="Centre Tecnol貌gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)" width="600" height="182" /> </a> </div></div> <button class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="generate-slideout-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span> </button> <div id="primary-menu" class="main-nav"><ul id="menu-main-menu" class=" menu sf-menu"><li id="menu-item-10902" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10902"><a href="#">About<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-5982" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5982"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/about-cttc/">About CTTC</a></li> <li id="menu-item-25352" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-25352"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/organization/">Organization</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-10903" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-10903"><a href="#">Research<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-14431" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-14431"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/research-units/">Research units<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-10557" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10557"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/adapt/">Adaptive Processing Technologies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12577" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12577"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/geomatics-gm/">Geomatics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12578" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12578"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/information-and-signal-processing-for-intelligent-communications-ispic/">Information and Signal Processing for Intelligent Communications</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12579" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-12538 current_page_item menu-item-12579"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/navigation-positioning/" aria-current="page">Navigation & Positioning</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12580" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12580"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/open-simulations-opensim/">Open Simulations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12581" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12581"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/packet-optical-networks-and-services-pons/">Packet Optical Networks and Services</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12582" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12582"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/services-as-networks-sas/">Services as NetworkS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12583" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12583"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/space-and-resilient-communications-and-networks-srcom/">Space and Resilient Communications and Systems</a></li> <li id="menu-item-12584" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12584"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/sustainable-artificial-intelligence-sai/">Sustainable Artificial Intelligence</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-6130" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6130"><a href="/projects">Projects</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6131" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6131"><a href="/publication">Publications</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-10904" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10904"><a href="#">Industry<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-6003" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6003"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/success-projects/">Success projects</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6133" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6133"><a href="/patent/">Patents</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6008" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6008"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/testbeds/">Testbeds</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6013" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6013"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/spin-offs-start-ups/">Spin-offs & Start-ups</a></li> <li id="menu-item-30255" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-30255"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/products/">Products</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-10906" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10906"><a href="#">Talent<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-4760" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4760"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/talent/careers/">Careers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4759" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4759"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/talent/training/">Training</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14731" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14731"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/talent/hrs4r/">HRS4R</a></li> <li id="menu-item-15900" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-15900"><a target="_blank" href="https://euraxess.ec.europa.eu/">Support to the Mobility of Researchers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-24136" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-24136"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/talent/equality-diversity-and-inclusion/">Equality, diversity and inclusion</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-5274" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5274"><a href="#">News & Events<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-5826" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5826"><a href="/news">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5825" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5825"><a href="/events">Events</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <nav id="mobile-header" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope class="main-navigation mobile-header-navigation has-branding has-sticky-branding"> <div class="inside-navigation grid-container grid-parent"> <div class="site-logo mobile-header-logo"> <a href="https://www.cttc.cat/" title="Centre Tecnol貌gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)" rel="home"> <img src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/logo-cttc.png" alt="Centre Tecnol貌gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC)" class="is-logo-image" width="600" height="182" /> </a> </div> <button class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="mobile-menu" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span> </button> <div id="mobile-menu" class="main-nav"><ul id="menu-main-menu-1" class=" menu sf-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10902"><a href="#">About<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5982"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/about-cttc/">About CTTC</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-25352"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/organization/">Organization</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-10903"><a href="#">Research<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-14431"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/research-units/">Research units<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10557"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/adapt/">Adaptive Processing Technologies</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12577"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/geomatics-gm/">Geomatics</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12578"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/information-and-signal-processing-for-intelligent-communications-ispic/">Information and Signal Processing for Intelligent Communications</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-12538 current_page_item menu-item-12579"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/navigation-positioning/" aria-current="page">Navigation & Positioning</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12580"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/open-simulations-opensim/">Open Simulations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12581"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/packet-optical-networks-and-services-pons/">Packet Optical Networks and Services</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12582"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/services-as-networks-sas/">Services as NetworkS</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12583"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/space-and-resilient-communications-and-networks-srcom/">Space and Resilient Communications and Systems</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12584"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/sustainable-artificial-intelligence-sai/">Sustainable Artificial Intelligence</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6130"><a href="/projects">Projects</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6131"><a href="/publication">Publications</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10904"><a href="#">Industry<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6003"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/success-projects/">Success projects</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6133"><a href="/patent/">Patents</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6008"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/testbeds/">Testbeds</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6013"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/spin-offs-start-ups/">Spin-offs & Start-ups</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-30255"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/products/">Products</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10906"><a href="#">Talent<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4760"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/talent/careers/">Careers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4759"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/talent/training/">Training</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14731"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/talent/hrs4r/">HRS4R</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-15900"><a target="_blank" href="https://euraxess.ec.europa.eu/">Support to the Mobility of Researchers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-24136"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/talent/equality-diversity-and-inclusion/">Equality, diversity and inclusion</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5274"><a href="#">News & Events<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5826"><a href="/news">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5825"><a href="/events">Events</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> </div><!-- .inside-navigation --> </nav><!-- #site-navigation --> <div class="gb-container gb-container-1ad061fa headline-rule"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <h1 class="gb-headline gb-headline-f5f7e02e gb-headline-text">Navigation & Positioning</h1> <svg width="595px" height="842px" viewBox="0 0 595 842" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <title>Ico_CTTC</title> <g id="Ico_CTTC" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <path d="M324.294644,732.470494 C477.001377,732.470494 600.794644,608.677228 600.794644,455.970494 C600.794644,303.263761 477.001377,179.470494 324.294644,179.470494 C232.671574,179.470494 151.457132,224.035127 101.144703,292.671005 C67.6021958,338.429469 47.794644,394.886831 47.794644,455.970494" id="OvalBig" stroke-opacity="0.265734266" stroke="#FFFFFF" stroke-width="68" transform="translate(324.294644, 455.970494) scale(-1, 1) rotate(46.000000) translate(-324.294644, -455.970494) "></path> <path d="M321.030548,611.300061 C404.701688,611.300061 472.530548,543.471201 472.530548,459.800061 C472.530548,376.128922 404.701688,308.300061 321.030548,308.300061 C270.828396,308.300061 226.329343,332.717934 198.762135,370.324934 C180.38351,395.396932 169.530548,426.331074 169.530548,459.800061" id="OvalSmall" stroke-opacity="0.265734266" stroke="#FFFFFF" stroke-width="34" transform="translate(321.030548, 459.800061) scale(-1, 1) rotate(46.000000) translate(-321.030548, -459.800061) "></path> <path d="M288,16 C582.605903,26.7025337 728.254189,175.035867 724.944858,461" id="OvalLight" stroke="#F56600" transform="translate(506.500000, 238.500000) scale(-1, 1) rotate(16.000000) translate(-506.500000, -238.500000) "></path> </g> </svg> </div></div> <div class="site grid-container container hfeed" id="page"> <div class="site-content" id="content"> <div class="content-area" id="primary"> <main class="site-main" id="main"> <article id="post-12538" class="post-12538 page type-page status-publish" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class="gb-container gb-container-38a01dcf"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <p>The improvement and democratization of navigation, positioning and related device technologies have the power to <strong>change people鈥檚 lives for the better</strong>. The Research Unit aims to become a World-<strong>leading reference in bringing Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Device Technology</strong> to the people, either for scientific, business, or social endeavors.</p> <p>Scientific and technical challenges of navigation and positioning systems use to boil down to getting the proper radiofrequency (RF) signals and tracking their evolution in time. Ranging of RF signals means achieving <em>extremely good</em> signal synchronization, understood as the proper tracking of signals wavefront鈥檚 group and phase velocity. This is particularly challenging in GNSS, but the lessons learned can be readily exported to communication systems. On the other way around, techniques developed in the framework of communications and coding theory such as the turbo concept or belief propagation algorithms can also contribute to synchronization and detection functionalities, adding statistical inference to the estimation and detection concepts.</p> </div></div> <div style="height:15px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class="gb-container gb-container-beb33f45 alignfull"><div class="gb-inside-container"></div></div> <div style="height:20px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class="gb-container gb-container-05565404"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <p>In order to tackle the challenges arisen by modern Navigation and Positioning systems and services, <strong>our research approach is based on the systematic application of Statistical Inference principles to the design of navigation devices</strong>, including digital Phase and Delay Lock Loops, antenna array synchronization, open loop synchronization schemes, vector tracking loops, Kalman filters, nonlinear Gaussian filters, and particle filters, but also detection theory (high-sensitivity receivers), communication theory (waveform design), and coding theory (such as the turbo concept and belief propagation algorithms), delivering innovative solutions in industry-grade form factors.</p> <p>Complementarily, we develop microwave and optical sensors for gas, liquid, and solid detection, including microwave components for advanced communication systems, such as 6G. Sensors and microwave devices are designed and made using micro/nano fabrication, 3D printing, inkjet printing, laser machining, MEMS, superconductivity and LTCC.</p> <h2 class="titol_seccio"> Research lines </h2> <div id="accordion-block_620f75dc2f9ec" class="accordion lazy"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="accordion__item"> <button class="accordion__toggle"> SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR NAVIGATION </button> <div class="accordion__body"> <p> <p>In the field of navigation, robustness is a concept that encompasses the integrity and reliability of the obtained positioning and timing solution. This includes signal authentication, hybridization of GNSS with other technologies, and the ability to mitigate unintentional or maliciously crafted interferences. This later case is especially relevant when GNSS is applied to critical key infrastructures, unmanned vehicles, or in Security, and can range from simple jamming sources that aim to overpower GNSS signals (denial of service), to sophisticated spoofing or meaconing signals that aim to covertly mislead GNSS receivers. </p> <p> We take advantage of our solid background on antenna arrays for GNSS, Bayesian estimation, Data Fusion, and on coding schemes, to perform cutting-edge research on robust navigation solutions, with a stable collaboration with relevant customers and actors at national and international levels. </p> <div align="center"><img decoding="async" src="/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/TIMON5GB-e1645187319834.png"></div> </p> </div> </div> <div class="accordion__item"> <button class="accordion__toggle"> SOFTWARE-DEFINED RADIO </button> <div class="accordion__body"> <p> <p>Software-defined radio (SDR) is a radio communication system where components that have been traditionally implemented in hardware are instead implemented by means of software on a personal computer or embedded system. In practice, SDR is a combination of Digital Signal Processing, professional programming best practices distilled from the IT industry, and the electronics associated to the RF front-end. </p> <p> We offer our World-leading, open-source project <a href="https://gnss-sdr.org/" target="_blank">GNSS-SDR</a> as a practical showcase of the SDR approach capabilities and potential. The software can run on regular personal computers, but also on embedded systems based on FPGA and ARM processors, hence allowing smaller size, lighter weight, and lower power consumption for the overall receiver. </p> <div align="center"><img decoding="async" src="/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/SpaceRx4-e1645187476666.png"></div> </p> </div> </div> <div class="accordion__item"> <button class="accordion__toggle"> INTERDISCIPLINARY DRIVEN SENSORS AND MICROWAVE DEVICES </button> <div class="accordion__body"> <p> <p>Sensor and device engineering implementation: from design to fabrication and testing. Large range of operating frequencies, from a few MHz to visible light wavelengths. Diverse technologies: micro/nano fabrication, 3D printing, inkjet printing, laser machining, MEMS, superconductivity and LTCC. Reconfigurable and fixed device topologies. Wireless sensor development for the detection of gas, liquids, and solids. Microwave devices for 6G and future communications systems. </p> </p> </div> </div> <div class="accordion__item"> <button class="accordion__toggle"> DEPLOYMENT OF RESEARCH PRODUCTS </button> <div class="accordion__body"> <p> <p>Our aim is to contribute with a streamlined approach from concepts to products, thus helping to raise the Technology Readiness Level of our research products by design. In other words, to contribute in bringing new concepts and ideas from their abstract conceptualization to their actual deployment in the shortest possible time and effort. In that sense, we try to learn from industrial best practices and apply them in a scientific, accountable fashion. Concepts such as maintainability, reproducibility, scalability, continuous integration, and roll-out delivering come into play.</p> <p> The ability to quickly generate fully customized, lightweight, low-consumption, and low-cost navigation devices, possibly hybridized with other communication systems, can be a key factor for meeting the Position, Navigation, and Time (PNT) requirements of the forthcoming generation of commercial satellite-based services established on Low Earth Orbits. </p> <div align="center"><img decoding="async" src="/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/RF_dongle-e1645187592112.png"></div> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p><strong>For more information <a href="/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Extended_Description_NP.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">clic here</a></strong></p> </div></div> <div style="height:70px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class="gb-container gb-container-4dcb9208"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div class="gb-button-wrapper gb-button-wrapper-b10e9358"> <a class="gb-button gb-button-d0fe1e66 gb-button-text" href="/projects/?_project_ru=navigation-positioning-np">N&P <strong>Projects</strong></a> <a class="gb-button gb-button-1938270d gb-button-text" href="/people/?_people_ru=navigation-positioning-np">N&P <strong>People</strong></a> <a class="gb-button gb-button-e9cc9336 gb-button-text" href="/publication/?_publication_ru=navigation-positioning-np">N&P <strong>Publications</strong></a> </div> <div style="height:30px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </div></div> <div style="height:100px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> <div class='heateor_sss_sharing_container heateor_sss_vertical_sharing heateor_sss_bottom_sharing' style='width:34px;left: -10px;top: 180px;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;' data-heateor-sss-href='https://www.cttc.cat/navigation-positioning/'><div class="heateor_sss_sharing_ul"><a aria-label="Facebook" class="heateor_sss_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cttc.cat%2Fnavigation-positioning%2F" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="heateor_sss_svg" style="background-color:#0765FE;width:30px;height:30px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#fff" d="M28 16c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12S4 9.373 4 16c0 5.628 3.875 10.35 9.101 11.647v-7.98h-2.474V16H13.1v-1.58c0-4.085 1.849-5.978 5.859-5.978.76 0 2.072.15 2.608.298v3.325c-.283-.03-.775-.045-1.386-.045-1.967 0-2.728.745-2.728 2.683V16h3.92l-.673 3.667h-3.247v8.245C23.395 27.195 28 22.135 28 16Z"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Linkedin" class="heateor_sss_button_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cttc.cat%2Fnavigation-positioning%2F" title="Linkedin" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="heateor_sss_svg heateor_sss_s__default heateor_sss_s_linkedin" style="background-color:#0077b5;width:30px;height:30px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M6.227 12.61h4.19v13.48h-4.19V12.61zm2.095-6.7a2.43 2.43 0 0 1 0 4.86c-1.344 0-2.428-1.09-2.428-2.43s1.084-2.43 2.428-2.43m4.72 6.7h4.02v1.84h.058c.56-1.058 1.927-2.176 3.965-2.176 4.238 0 5.02 2.792 5.02 6.42v7.395h-4.183v-6.56c0-1.564-.03-3.574-2.178-3.574-2.18 0-2.514 1.7-2.514 3.46v6.668h-4.187V12.61z" fill="#fff"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Whatsapp" class="heateor_sss_whatsapp" href="https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=Navigation%20%26%20Positioning%20https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cttc.cat%2Fnavigation-positioning%2F" title="Whatsapp" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="heateor_sss_svg" style="background-color:#55eb4c;width:30px;height:30px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-6 -5 40 40"><path class="heateor_sss_svg_stroke heateor_sss_no_fill" stroke="#fff" stroke-width="2" fill="none" d="M 11.579798566743314 24.396926207859085 A 10 10 0 1 0 6.808479557110079 20.73576436351046"></path><path d="M 7 19 l -1 6 l 6 -1" class="heateor_sss_no_fill heateor_sss_svg_stroke" stroke="#fff" stroke-width="2" fill="none"></path><path d="M 10 10 q -1 8 8 11 c 5 -1 0 -6 -1 -3 q -4 -3 -5 -5 c 4 -2 -1 -5 -1 -4" fill="#fff"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="X" class="heateor_sss_button_x" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Navigation%20%26%20Positioning&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cttc.cat%2Fnavigation-positioning%2F" title="X" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="heateor_sss_svg heateor_sss_s__default heateor_sss_s_x" style="background-color:#2a2a2a;width:30px;height:30px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg width="100%" height="100%" style="display:block;" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill="#fff" d="M21.751 7h3.067l-6.7 7.658L26 25.078h-6.172l-4.833-6.32-5.531 6.32h-3.07l7.167-8.19L6 7h6.328l4.37 5.777L21.75 7Zm-1.076 16.242h1.7L11.404 8.74H9.58l11.094 14.503Z"></path></svg></span></a><a aria-label="Instagram" class="heateor_sss_button_instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/" title="Instagram" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank" style="font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle"><span class="heateor_sss_svg" style="background-color:#53beee;width:30px;height:30px;margin:0;display:inline-block;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box"><svg style="display:block;" version="1.1" viewBox="-10 -10 148 148" width="100%" height="100%" xml:space="preserve" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g><g><path d="M86,112H42c-14.336,0-26-11.663-26-26V42c0-14.337,11.664-26,26-26h44c14.337,0,26,11.663,26,26v44 C112,100.337,100.337,112,86,112z M42,24c-9.925,0-18,8.074-18,18v44c0,9.925,8.075,18,18,18h44c9.926,0,18-8.075,18-18V42 c0-9.926-8.074-18-18-18H42z" fill="#fff"></path></g><g><path d="M64,88c-13.234,0-24-10.767-24-24c0-13.234,10.766-24,24-24s24,10.766,24,24C88,77.233,77.234,88,64,88z M64,48c-8.822,0-16,7.178-16,16s7.178,16,16,16c8.822,0,16-7.178,16-16S72.822,48,64,48z" fill="#fff"></path></g><g><circle cx="89.5" cy="38.5" fill="#fff" r="5.5"></circle></g></g></svg></span></a><a class="heateor_sss_more" aria-label="More" title="More" rel="nofollow noopener" style="font-size: 32px!important;border:0;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block!important;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align: middle;display:inline;" href="https://www.cttc.cat/navigation-positioning/" onclick="event.preventDefault()"><span class="heateor_sss_svg" style="background-color:#ee8e2d;width:30px;height:30px;margin:0;display:inline-block!important;opacity:1;float:left;font-size:32px!important;box-shadow:none;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;padding:0 4px;vertical-align:middle;display:inline;background-repeat:repeat;overflow:hidden;padding:0;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:content-box;" onclick="heateorSssMoreSharingPopup(this, 'https://www.cttc.cat/navigation-positioning/', 'Navigation%20%26%20Positioning', '' )"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="-.3 0 32 32" version="1.1" width="100%" height="100%" style="display:block;" xml:space="preserve"><g><path fill="#fff" d="M18 14V8h-4v6H8v4h6v6h4v-6h6v-4h-6z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></g></svg></span></a></div><div class="heateorSssClear"></div></div> </div> </div> </article> </main> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-footer"> <footer class="gb-container gb-container-c39a11cc"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div class="wp-block-group alignfull"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><div class="gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-217da832"> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-e53f27d7"><div class="gb-container gb-container-e53f27d7"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <h2 class="gb-headline gb-headline-892e2ad3 gb-headline-text">Subscribe to our Newsletter</h2> <p class="has-white-color has-text-color" style="font-size:17px">Join our mailing list to receive regular updates about CTTC events, news, and the latest on our research activity.</p> <p class="newsletter__form"><script>(function() { window.mc4wp = window.mc4wp || { listeners: [], forms: { on: function(evt, cb) { window.mc4wp.listeners.push( { event : evt, callback: cb } ); } } } })(); </script><!-- Mailchimp for WordPress v4.10.2 - https://wordpress.org/plugins/mailchimp-for-wp/ --><form id="mc4wp-form-1" class="mc4wp-form mc4wp-form-512" method="post" data-id="512" data-name="MailChimp CTTC" ><div class="mc4wp-form-fields"><input type="email" name="EMAIL" placeholder="Email Address" required="" /> <input type="submit" value="SIGN ME UP" /><br /> <input name="LEGALTERMS" type="checkbox" value="I have read and agree to the terms & conditions" required=""> <a href="/privacy-policy" target="_blank" style="color:white"><small>I have read and agree to the Privacy Policy</small></a> </div><label style="display: none !important;">Leave this field empty if you're human: <input type="text" name="_mc4wp_honeypot" value="" tabindex="-1" autocomplete="off" /></label><input type="hidden" name="_mc4wp_timestamp" value="1742138464" /><input type="hidden" name="_mc4wp_form_id" value="512" /><input type="hidden" name="_mc4wp_form_element_id" value="mc4wp-form-1" /><div class="mc4wp-response"></div></form><!-- / Mailchimp for WordPress Plugin --></p> </div></div></div> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-3bc87d3f"><div class="gb-container gb-container-3bc87d3f"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <p><font color="white">CERCA center</font></p> <figure class="wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 footer__logos wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex"> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large is-style-default" id="https://cerca.cat/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="161" src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/logos_footer_cttc_www-1-1024x161.png" alt="" class="wp-image-32300" srcset="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/logos_footer_cttc_www-1-1024x161.png 1024w, https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/logos_footer_cttc_www-1-300x47.png 300w, https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/logos_footer_cttc_www-1-768x120.png 768w, https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/logos_footer_cttc_www-1-1536x241.png 1536w, https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/logos_footer_cttc_www-1-2048x321.png 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure> </figure> </div></div></div> </div></div></div> <div class="gb-container gb-container-cb060c8f"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div class="gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-b3f77d72"> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-a10672cc"><div class="gb-container gb-container-a10672cc"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div class="gb-container gb-container-b54650a4"> <div class="gb-button-wrapper gb-button-wrapper-7f79a9ef"> <a class="gb-button gb-button-309cd9c9" href="https://intranet.cttc.es/egroupware/login.php" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="gb-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 496 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="currentColor" d="M248 8C111 8 0 119 0 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S385 8 248 8zm0 96c48.6 0 88 39.4 88 88s-39.4 88-88 88-88-39.4-88-88 39.4-88 88-88zm0 344c-58.7 0-111.3-26.6-146.5-68.2 18.8-35.4 55.6-59.8 98.5-59.8 2.4 0 4.8.4 7.1 1.1 13 4.2 26.6 6.9 40.9 6.9 14.3 0 28-2.7 40.9-6.9 2.3-.7 4.7-1.1 7.1-1.1 42.9 0 79.7 24.4 98.5 59.8C359.3 421.4 306.7 448 248 448z"></path></svg></span><span class="gb-button-text">CTTC Intranet</span></a> <a class="gb-button gb-button-185ec880" href="https://cttc.bustiaetica.seu-e.cat/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="gb-icon"><svg fill="#ffffff" height="200px" width="200px" version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 299.997 299.997" xml:space="preserve"><g id="SVGRepo_bgCarrier" stroke-width="0"></g><g id="SVGRepo_tracerCarrier" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></g><g id="SVGRepo_iconCarrier"> <g> <g> <path d="M149.996,0C67.157,0,0.001,67.158,0.001,149.997c0,82.837,67.156,150,149.995,150s150-67.163,150-150 C299.996,67.158,232.835,0,149.996,0z M149.999,52.686l88.763,55.35H61.236L149.999,52.686z M239.868,196.423h-0.009 c0,8.878-7.195,16.072-16.072,16.072H76.211c-8.878,0-16.072-7.195-16.072-16.072v-84.865c0-0.939,0.096-1.852,0.252-2.749 l84.808,52.883c0.104,0.065,0.215,0.109,0.322,0.169c0.112,0.062,0.226,0.122,0.34,0.179c0.599,0.309,1.216,0.558,1.847,0.721 c0.065,0.018,0.13,0.026,0.195,0.041c0.692,0.163,1.393,0.265,2.093,0.265h0.005c0.005,0,0.01,0,0.01,0 c0.7,0,1.401-0.099,2.093-0.265c0.065-0.016,0.13-0.023,0.195-0.041c0.63-0.163,1.245-0.412,1.847-0.721 c0.114-0.057,0.228-0.117,0.34-0.179c0.106-0.06,0.218-0.104,0.322-0.169l84.808-52.883c0.156,0.897,0.252,1.808,0.252,2.749 V196.423z"></path> </g> </g> </g></svg></span><span class="gb-button-text">B煤stia 脠tica i de Bon Govern</span></a> </div> </div> </div></div></div> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-e61cd4ca"><div class="gb-container gb-container-e61cd4ca"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div class="gb-button-wrapper gb-button-wrapper-5ceafd90"> <a class="gb-button gb-button-8173d687" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/cttc/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="gb-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="currentColor" d="M100.28 448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79 108.1C24.09 108.1 0 83.5 0 53.8a53.79 53.79 0 0 1 107.58 0c0 29.7-24.1 54.3-53.79 54.3zM447.9 448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29 0-55.69 37.7-55.69 76.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5 42.69-48.3 87.88-48.3 94 0 111.28 61.9 111.28 142.3V448z"></path></svg></span></a> <a class="gb-button gb-button-560e66a8" href="https://www.instagram.com/cttc_tech/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="gb-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 448 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="currentColor" d="M224.1 141c-63.6 0-114.9 51.3-114.9 114.9s51.3 114.9 114.9 114.9S339 319.5 339 255.9 287.7 141 224.1 141zm0 189.6c-41.1 0-74.7-33.5-74.7-74.7s33.5-74.7 74.7-74.7 74.7 33.5 74.7 74.7-33.6 74.7-74.7 74.7zm146.4-194.3c0 14.9-12 26.8-26.8 26.8-14.9 0-26.8-12-26.8-26.8s12-26.8 26.8-26.8 26.8 12 26.8 26.8zm76.1 27.2c-1.7-35.9-9.9-67.7-36.2-93.9-26.2-26.2-58-34.4-93.9-36.2-37-2.1-147.9-2.1-184.9 0-35.8 1.7-67.6 9.9-93.9 36.1s-34.4 58-36.2 93.9c-2.1 37-2.1 147.9 0 184.9 1.7 35.9 9.9 67.7 36.2 93.9s58 34.4 93.9 36.2c37 2.1 147.9 2.1 184.9 0 35.9-1.7 67.7-9.9 93.9-36.2 26.2-26.2 34.4-58 36.2-93.9 2.1-37 2.1-147.8 0-184.8zM398.8 388c-7.8 19.6-22.9 34.7-42.6 42.6-29.5 11.7-99.5 9-132.1 9s-102.7 2.6-132.1-9c-19.6-7.8-34.7-22.9-42.6-42.6-11.7-29.5-9-99.5-9-132.1s-2.6-102.7 9-132.1c7.8-19.6 22.9-34.7 42.6-42.6 29.5-11.7 99.5-9 132.1-9s102.7-2.6 132.1 9c19.6 7.8 34.7 22.9 42.6 42.6 11.7 29.5 9 99.5 9 132.1s2.7 102.7-9 132.1z"></path></svg></span></a> <a class="gb-button gb-button-9ed890f6" href="https://x.com/CttcTech" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="gb-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 512 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="currentColor" d="M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z"></path></svg></span></a> <a class="gb-button gb-button-db744a8f" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/CttcTech" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="gb-icon"><svg aria-hidden="true" role="img" height="1em" width="1em" viewBox="0 0 576 512" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill="currentColor" d="M549.655 124.083c-6.281-23.65-24.787-42.276-48.284-48.597C458.781 64 288 64 288 64S117.22 64 74.629 75.486c-23.497 6.322-42.003 24.947-48.284 48.597-11.412 42.867-11.412 132.305-11.412 132.305s0 89.438 11.412 132.305c6.281 23.65 24.787 41.5 48.284 47.821C117.22 448 288 448 288 448s170.78 0 213.371-11.486c23.497-6.321 42.003-24.171 48.284-47.821 11.412-42.867 11.412-132.305 11.412-132.305s0-89.438-11.412-132.305zm-317.51 213.508V175.185l142.739 81.205-142.739 81.201z"></path></svg></span></a> </div> </div></div></div> </div> </div></div> <div class="gb-container gb-container-c8fbbe69"><div class="gb-inside-container"> <div class="gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-f03bf6c1"> <div class="gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-6933c8ab"><div class="gb-container gb-container-6933c8ab"><div class="gb-inside-container"></div></div></div> </div> <div class="gb-button-wrapper gb-button-wrapper-a3182e21"> <a class="gb-button gb-button-db268cad gb-button-text" href="/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a> <a class="gb-button gb-button-b4d55de6 gb-button-text" href="/legal-notice">Legal Notice</a> <a class="gb-button gb-button-27e86ec9 gb-button-text" href="/cookies">Cookies</a> </div> <p class="gb-headline gb-headline-dcf68bc4 gb-headline-text">漏 2022 <strong>CTTC</strong> - Centre Tecnol貌gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya</p> </div></div> </div></footer></div> <a title="Scroll back to top" aria-label="Scroll back to top" rel="nofollow" href="#" class="generate-back-to-top" data-scroll-speed="400" data-start-scroll="300" role="button"> </a> <nav id="generate-slideout-menu" class="main-navigation slideout-navigation do-overlay" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope> <div class="inside-navigation grid-container grid-parent"> <button class="slideout-exit "> <span class="screen-reader-text">Close</span></button><div class="main-nav"><ul id="menu-main-menu-2" class=" slideout-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10902"><a href="#">About<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5982"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/about-cttc/">About CTTC</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-25352"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/organization/">Organization</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-10903"><a href="#">Research<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-14431"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/research-units/">Research units<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10557"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/adapt/">Adaptive Processing Technologies</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12577"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/geomatics-gm/">Geomatics</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12578"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/information-and-signal-processing-for-intelligent-communications-ispic/">Information and Signal Processing for Intelligent Communications</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-12538 current_page_item menu-item-12579"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/navigation-positioning/" aria-current="page">Navigation & Positioning</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12580"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/open-simulations-opensim/">Open Simulations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12581"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/packet-optical-networks-and-services-pons/">Packet Optical Networks and Services</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12582"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/services-as-networks-sas/">Services as NetworkS</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12583"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/space-and-resilient-communications-and-networks-srcom/">Space and Resilient Communications and Systems</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12584"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/sustainable-artificial-intelligence-sai/">Sustainable Artificial Intelligence</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6130"><a href="/projects">Projects</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6131"><a href="/publication">Publications</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10904"><a href="#">Industry<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6003"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/success-projects/">Success projects</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6133"><a href="/patent/">Patents</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6008"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/testbeds/">Testbeds</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6013"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/spin-offs-start-ups/">Spin-offs & Start-ups</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-30255"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/products/">Products</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10906"><a href="#">Talent<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4760"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/talent/careers/">Careers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4759"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/talent/training/">Training</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14731"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/talent/hrs4r/">HRS4R</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-15900"><a target="_blank" href="https://euraxess.ec.europa.eu/">Support to the Mobility of Researchers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-24136"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/talent/equality-diversity-and-inclusion/">Equality, diversity and inclusion</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-5274"><a href="#">News & Events<span role="presentation" class="dropdown-menu-toggle"></span></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5826"><a href="/news">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5825"><a href="/events">Events</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><aside id="nav_menu-3" class="slideout-widget widget_nav_menu"><div class="menu-top_menu-container"><ul id="menu-top_menu-1" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4771"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/transparency/">Transparency</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4770"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/press/">Press</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5813"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/contact/">Contact</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28236"><a href="https://www.cttc.cat/newsletter/">Newsletter</a></li> <li class="intranet menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5157"><a target="_blank" href="https://intranet.cttc.es/egroupware/login.php">Intranet</a></li> </ul></div></aside> </div><!-- .inside-navigation --> </nav><!-- #site-navigation --> <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = _paq || []; _paq.push(['trackPageView']); (function () { var u = "https://stats1.wpmudev.com/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u + 'track/']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '218643']); var d = document, g = d.createElement('script'), s = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type = 'text/javascript'; g.async = true; g.defer = true; g.src = 'https://stats.wpmucdn.com/analytics.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g, s); })(); </script> <script>(function() {function maybePrefixUrlField () { const value = this.value.trim() if (value !== '' && value.indexOf('http') !== 0) { this.value = 'http://' + value } } const urlFields = document.querySelectorAll('.mc4wp-form input[type="url"]') for (let j = 0; j < urlFields.length; j++) { urlFields[j].addEventListener('blur', maybePrefixUrlField) } })();</script> <!-- Consent Management powered by Complianz | GDPR/CCPA Cookie Consent https://wordpress.org/plugins/complianz-gdpr --> <div id="cmplz-cookiebanner-container"><div class="cmplz-cookiebanner cmplz-hidden banner-1 bottom-right-view-preferences optin cmplz-bottom cmplz-categories-type-view-preferences" aria-modal="true" data-nosnippet="true" role="dialog" aria-live="polite" aria-labelledby="cmplz-header-1-optin" aria-describedby="cmplz-message-1-optin"> <div class="cmplz-header"> <div class="cmplz-logo"></div> <div class="cmplz-title" id="cmplz-header-1-optin">Manage Cookie Consent</div> <div class="cmplz-close" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="times" class="svg-inline--fa fa-times fa-w-11" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 352 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M242.72 256l100.07-100.07c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48l-22.24-22.24c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L176 189.28 75.93 89.21c-12.28-12.28-32.19-12.28-44.48 0L9.21 111.45c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48L109.28 256 9.21 356.07c-12.28 12.28-12.28 32.19 0 44.48l22.24 22.24c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0L176 322.72l100.07 100.07c12.28 12.28 32.2 12.28 44.48 0l22.24-22.24c12.28-12.28 12.28-32.19 0-44.48L242.72 256z"></path></svg> </div> </div> <div class="cmplz-divider cmplz-divider-header"></div> <div class="cmplz-body"> <div class="cmplz-message" id="cmplz-message-1-optin">To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions.</div> <!-- categories start --> <div class="cmplz-categories"> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-functional" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Functional</span> <span class='cmplz-always-active'> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-functional-optin" data-category="cmplz_functional" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-functional" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-functional-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Functional</span></label> </span> Always active </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-functional">The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-preferences" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Preferences</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-preferences-optin" data-category="cmplz_preferences" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-preferences" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-preferences-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Preferences</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-preferences">The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-statistics" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Statistics</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-statistics-optin" data-category="cmplz_statistics" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-statistics" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-statistics-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Statistics</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-statistics">The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes.</span> <span class="cmplz-description-statistics-anonymous">The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you.</span> </div> </details> <details class="cmplz-category cmplz-marketing" > <summary> <span class="cmplz-category-header"> <span class="cmplz-category-title">Marketing</span> <span class="cmplz-banner-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" id="cmplz-marketing-optin" data-category="cmplz_marketing" class="cmplz-consent-checkbox cmplz-marketing" size="40" value="1"/> <label class="cmplz-label" for="cmplz-marketing-optin" tabindex="0"><span class="screen-reader-text">Marketing</span></label> </span> <span class="cmplz-icon cmplz-open"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="18" ><path d="M224 416c-8.188 0-16.38-3.125-22.62-9.375l-192-192c-12.5-12.5-12.5-32.75 0-45.25s32.75-12.5 45.25 0L224 338.8l169.4-169.4c12.5-12.5 32.75-12.5 45.25 0s12.5 32.75 0 45.25l-192 192C240.4 412.9 232.2 416 224 416z"/></svg> </span> </span> </summary> <div class="cmplz-description"> <span class="cmplz-description-marketing">The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes.</span> </div> </details> </div><!-- categories end --> </div> <div class="cmplz-links cmplz-information"> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-options cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-manage-consent-container">Manage options</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-third-parties cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-cookies-overview">Manage services</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-manage-vendors tcf cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-tcf-wrapper">Manage {vendor_count} vendors</a> <a class="cmplz-link cmplz-external cmplz-read-more-purposes tcf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://cookiedatabase.org/tcf/purposes/">Read more about these purposes</a> </div> <div class="cmplz-divider cmplz-footer"></div> <div class="cmplz-buttons"> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-accept">Accept</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-deny">Deny</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-view-preferences">View preferences</button> <button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-save-preferences">Save preferences</button> <a class="cmplz-btn cmplz-manage-options tcf cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="#cmplz-manage-consent-container">View preferences</a> </div> <div class="cmplz-links cmplz-documents"> <a class="cmplz-link cookie-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> <a class="cmplz-link privacy-statement" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> <a class="cmplz-link impressum" href="#" data-relative_url="">{title}</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cmplz-manage-consent" data-nosnippet="true"><button class="cmplz-btn cmplz-hidden cmplz-manage-consent manage-consent-1">Manage consent</button> </div><style type="text/css"> /* Hide reCAPTCHA V3 badge */ .grecaptcha-badge { visibility: hidden !important; } </style><script id="generate-a11y">!function(){"use strict";if("querySelector"in document&&"addEventListener"in window){var e=document.body;e.addEventListener("mousedown",function(){e.classList.add("using-mouse")}),e.addEventListener("keydown",function(){e.classList.remove("using-mouse")})}}();</script> <style> .searchwp-live-search-results { opacity: 0; transition: opacity .25s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: opacity .25s ease-in-out; -webkit-transition: opacity .25s ease-in-out; height: 0; overflow: hidden; z-index: 9999995; /* Exceed SearchWP Modal Search Form overlay. */ position: absolute; display: none; } .searchwp-live-search-results-showing { display: block; opacity: 1; height: auto; overflow: auto; } .searchwp-live-search-no-results { padding: 3em 2em 0; text-align: center; } .searchwp-live-search-no-min-chars:after { content: "Continue typing"; display: block; text-align: center; padding: 2em 2em 0; } </style> <script> var _SEARCHWP_LIVE_AJAX_SEARCH_BLOCKS = true; var _SEARCHWP_LIVE_AJAX_SEARCH_ENGINE = 'default'; var _SEARCHWP_LIVE_AJAX_SEARCH_CONFIG = 'default'; </script> <style id='core-block-supports-inline-css'> .wp-container-core-social-links-is-layout-1{flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-end;}.wp-block-gallery.wp-block-gallery-1{--wp--style--unstable-gallery-gap:var( --wp--style--gallery-gap-default, var( --gallery-block--gutter-size, var( --wp--style--block-gap, 0.5em ) ) );gap:var( --wp--style--gallery-gap-default, var( --gallery-block--gutter-size, var( --wp--style--block-gap, 0.5em ) ) );} </style> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/menu-plus/functions/js/sticky.min.js?ver=2.5.0" id="generate-sticky-js"></script> <script id="generate-offside-js-extra"> var offSide = {"side":"right"}; </script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/menu-plus/functions/js/offside.min.js?ver=2.5.0" id="generate-offside-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=4d63a3d491d11ffd8ac6" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=6.0.5" id="swv-js"></script> <script id="contact-form-7-js-before"> var wpcf7 = { "api": { "root": "https:\/\/www.cttc.cat\/wp-json\/", "namespace": "contact-form-7\/v1" } }; </script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=6.0.5" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/custom_functionalities/js/custom.js?ver=1" id="custom-js-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/custom_functionalities/js/slick-init.js?ver=1.6.0" id="slickjs-init-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/custom_functionalities/js/jquery.tabslet.min.js?ver=1" id="tabs-js"></script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/custom_functionalities/js/tabs-init.js?ver=1" id="tabs-init-js"></script> <script id="generate-smooth-scroll-js-extra"> var gpSmoothScroll = {"elements":[".smooth-scroll","li.smooth-scroll a"],"duration":"800","offset":""}; </script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/gp-premium/general/js/smooth-scroll.min.js?ver=2.5.0" id="generate-smooth-scroll-js"></script> <!--[if lte IE 11]> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/classList.min.js?ver=3.5.1" id="generate-classlist-js"></script> <![endif]--> <script id="generate-menu-js-extra"> var generatepressMenu = {"toggleOpenedSubMenus":"1","openSubMenuLabel":"Open Sub-Menu","closeSubMenuLabel":"Close Sub-Menu"}; </script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/menu.min.js?ver=3.5.1" id="generate-menu-js"></script> <script id="generate-back-to-top-js-extra"> var generatepressBackToTop = {"smooth":"1"}; </script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/themes/generatepress/assets/js/back-to-top.min.js?ver=3.5.1" id="generate-back-to-top-js"></script> <script id="heateor_sss_sharing_js-js-before"> function heateorSssLoadEvent(e) {var t=window.onload;if (typeof window.onload!="function") {window.onload=e}else{window.onload=function() {t();e()}}}; var heateorSssSharingAjaxUrl = 'https://www.cttc.cat/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php', heateorSssCloseIconPath = 'https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/../images/close.png', heateorSssPluginIconPath = 'https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/../images/logo.png', heateorSssHorizontalSharingCountEnable = 0, heateorSssVerticalSharingCountEnable = 0, heateorSssSharingOffset = -10; var heateorSssMobileStickySharingEnabled = 1;var heateorSssCopyLinkMessage = "Link copied.";var heateorSssUrlCountFetched = [], heateorSssSharesText = 'Shares', heateorSssShareText = 'Share';function heateorSssPopup(e) {window.open(e,"popUpWindow","height=400,width=600,left=400,top=100,resizable,scrollbars,toolbar=0,personalbar=0,menubar=no,location=no,directories=no,status")} </script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/sassy-social-share/public/js/sassy-social-share-public.js?ver=3.3.70" id="heateor_sss_sharing_js-js"></script> <script id="swp-live-search-client-js-extra"> var searchwp_live_search_params = []; searchwp_live_search_params = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.cttc.cat\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","origin_id":12538,"config":{"default":{"engine":"default","input":{"delay":300,"min_chars":3},"results":{"position":"bottom","width":"auto","offset":{"x":0,"y":5}},"spinner":{"lines":12,"length":8,"width":3,"radius":8,"scale":1,"corners":1,"color":"#424242","fadeColor":"transparent","speed":1,"rotate":0,"animation":"searchwp-spinner-line-fade-quick","direction":1,"zIndex":2000000000,"className":"spinner","top":"50%","left":"50%","shadow":"0 0 1px transparent","position":"absolute"}}},"msg_no_config_found":"No valid SearchWP Live Search configuration found!","aria_instructions":"When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to go to the desired page. Touch device users, explore by touch or with swipe gestures."};; </script> <script src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/searchwp-live-ajax-search/assets/javascript/dist/script.min.js?ver=1.8.5" id="swp-live-search-client-js"></script> <script id="cmplz-cookiebanner-js-extra"> var complianz = {"prefix":"cmplz_","user_banner_id":"1","set_cookies":[],"block_ajax_content":"","banner_version":"24","version":"7.3.1","store_consent":"","do_not_track_enabled":"","consenttype":"optin","region":"eu","geoip":"","dismiss_timeout":"","disable_cookiebanner":"","soft_cookiewall":"","dismiss_on_scroll":"","cookie_expiry":"365","url":"https:\/\/www.cttc.cat\/wp-json\/complianz\/v1\/","locale":"lang=en&locale=en_US","set_cookies_on_root":"","cookie_domain":"","current_policy_id":"15","cookie_path":"\/","categories":{"statistics":"statistics","marketing":"marketing"},"tcf_active":"","placeholdertext":"Click to accept {category} cookies and enable this content","css_file":"https:\/\/www.cttc.cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/complianz\/css\/banner-{banner_id}-{type}.css?v=24","page_links":{"eu":{"privacy-statement":{"title":"Privacy Policy","url":"https:\/\/www.cttc.cat\/privacy-policy\/"}}},"tm_categories":"","forceEnableStats":"","preview":"","clean_cookies":"","aria_label":"Click to accept {category} cookies and enable this content"}; </script> <script defer src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/complianz-gdpr/cookiebanner/js/complianz.min.js?ver=1741891264" id="cmplz-cookiebanner-js"></script> <script defer src="https://www.cttc.cat/wp-content/plugins/mailchimp-for-wp/assets/js/forms.js?ver=4.10.2" id="mc4wp-forms-api-js"></script> <script async data-category="functional" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-2145531-1"></script><!-- Statistics script Complianz GDPR/CCPA --> <script data-category="functional">window['gtag_enable_tcf_support'] = false; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-2145531-1', { cookie_flags:'secure;samesite=none', 'anonymize_ip': true }); </script><script>var FWP_HTTP = FWP_HTTP || {}; FWP_HTTP.lang = 'en';</script> </body> </html>