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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Functionality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Functionality</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Functionality-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Functionality subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Functionality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Modular_encoding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modular_encoding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Modular encoding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modular_encoding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AAC_error_protection_toolkit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AAC_error_protection_toolkit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>AAC error protection toolkit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AAC_error_protection_toolkit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Error_Resilient_(ER)_AAC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Error_Resilient_(ER)_AAC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Error Resilient (ER) AAC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Error_Resilient_(ER)_AAC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-AAC_Low_Delay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AAC_Low_Delay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>AAC Low Delay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AAC_Low_Delay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Licensing_and_patents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Licensing_and_patents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Licensing and patents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Licensing_and_patents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extensions_and_improvements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extensions_and_improvements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Extensions and improvements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extensions_and_improvements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Container_formats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Container_formats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Container formats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Container_formats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products_that_support_AAC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products_that_support_AAC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Products that support AAC</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Products_that_support_AAC-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Products that support AAC subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Products_that_support_AAC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-HDTV_Standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HDTV_Standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>HDTV Standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HDTV_Standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Japanese_ISDB-T" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_ISDB-T"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Japanese ISDB-T</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_ISDB-T-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_ISDB-Tb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_ISDB-Tb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>International ISDB-Tb</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_ISDB-Tb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DVB" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DVB"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>DVB</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DVB-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Hardware</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-iTunes_and_iPod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iTunes_and_iPod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>iTunes and iPod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iTunes_and_iPod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_portable_players" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_portable_players"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Other portable players</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_portable_players-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mobile_phones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mobile_phones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span>Mobile phones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mobile_phones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_devices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_devices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.4</span> <span>Other devices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_devices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nero_Digital_Audio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nero_Digital_Audio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>Nero Digital Audio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nero_Digital_Audio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FAAC_and_FAAD2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FAAC_and_FAAD2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2</span> <span>FAAC and FAAD2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FAAC_and_FAAD2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fraunhofer_FDK_AAC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fraunhofer_FDK_AAC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.3</span> <span>Fraunhofer FDK AAC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fraunhofer_FDK_AAC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FFmpeg_and_Libav" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FFmpeg_and_Libav"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.4</span> <span>FFmpeg and Libav</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FFmpeg_and_Libav-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Advanced Audio Coding</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85" title="ترميز الصوت المتقدم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ترميز الصوت المتقدم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAC" title="AAC – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="AAC" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Advanced Audio Coding" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Advanced Audio Coding" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Advanced Audio Coding" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAC" title="AAC – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="AAC" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Advanced Audio Coding" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAC" title="AAC – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="AAC" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Advanced Audio Coding" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Advanced Audio Coding" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EA%B8%89_%EC%98%A4%EB%94%94%EC%98%A4_%EB%B6%80%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94" title="고급 오디오 부호화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고급 오디오 부호화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Advanced Audio Coding" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengodean_Audio_Lanjutan" title="Pengodean Audio Lanjutan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengodean Audio Lanjutan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Advanced Audio Coding" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAC" title="AAC – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="AAC" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengekodan_Audio_Lanjutan" title="Pengekodan Audio Lanjutan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengekodan Audio Lanjutan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Advanced Audio Coding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAC" title="AAC – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="AAC" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Advanced Audio Coding" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Advanced Audio Coding" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Advanced Audio Coding" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Advanced Audio Coding" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAC" title="AAC – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="AAC" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAC" title="AAC – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="AAC" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Advanced Audio Coding" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Advanced Audio Coding" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Advanced Audio Coding" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A3_h%C3%B3a_%C3%A2m_thanh_ti%C3%AAn_ti%E1%BA%BFn" title="Mã hóa âm thanh tiên tiến – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mã hóa âm thanh tiên tiến" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Advanced Audio Coding" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAC" title="AAC – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="AAC" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.15em;">Advanced Audio Coding</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">MPEG/3GPP container <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/.m4a" class="mw-redirect" title=".m4a">.m4a</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/.mp4" class="mw-redirect" title=".mp4">.mp4</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/.3gp" class="mw-redirect" title=".3gp">.3gp</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl> <p>Apple container </p> <dl><dd><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/.m4a" class="mw-redirect" title=".m4a">.m4a</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/.m4b" class="mw-redirect" title=".m4b">.m4b</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/.m4p" class="mw-redirect" title=".m4p">.m4p</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/.m4r" class="mw-redirect" title=".m4r">.m4r</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/.m4v" class="mw-redirect" title=".m4v">.m4v</a></li></ul></div></dd></dl> <p>ADTS stream </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/.aac" class="mw-redirect" title=".aac">.aac</a></dd></dl> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><div class="monospaced"> audio/aac <br /> audio/aacp <br /> audio/3gpp <br /> audio/3gpp2 <br /> audio/mp4 <br /> audio/mp4a-latm <br /> audio/mpeg4-generic</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraunhofer_Society" title="Fraunhofer Society">Fraunhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolby" title="Dolby">Dolby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>, <a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG Electronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/NTT_Docomo" title="NTT Docomo">NTT Docomo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a><sup id="cite_ref-businesswire_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businesswire-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">December 1997<span class="noprint">; 26 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1997-12</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-iso13818-7-1997_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso13818-7-1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">ISO/IEC 14496-3:2019<br />December 2019<span class="noprint">; 4 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2019-12</span>)</span> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Lossy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lossy">Lossy</a> <a href="/wiki/Audio_file_format" title="Audio file format">audio</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Contained by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_14" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 Part 14">MPEG-4 Part 14</a>, <a href="/wiki/3GP_and_3G2" title="3GP and 3G2">3GP and 3G2</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">ISO base media file format</a> and Audio Data Interchange Format (ADIF)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/International_standard" title="International standard">Standard</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_13818-7" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 13818-7">ISO/IEC 13818-7</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14496-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 14496-3">ISO/IEC 14496-3</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Open_file_format" title="Open file format">Open format</a>?</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Open_standard#Comparison_of_definitions" title="Open standard">Free format</a>?</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.35em;">No<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Advanced Audio Coding</b> (<b>AAC</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio coding standard">audio coding standard</a> for <a href="/wiki/Lossy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lossy">lossy</a> <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">digital audio</a> <a href="/wiki/Audio_data_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio data compression">compression</a>. It was designed to be the successor of the <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> format and generally achieves higher sound quality than MP3 at the same <a href="/wiki/Bit_rate" title="Bit rate">bit rate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-brandenburg_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brandenburg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>AAC has been standardized by <a href="/wiki/ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a> and <a href="/wiki/IEC" class="mw-redirect" title="IEC">IEC</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a> and <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a> specifications.<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mpeg4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of AAC, <a href="/wiki/HE-AAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HE-AAC">HE-AAC</a> ("AAC+"), is part of <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Audio" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 Audio">MPEG-4 Audio</a> and is adopted into <a href="/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">digital radio</a> standards <a href="/wiki/DAB%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="DAB+">DAB+</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_Radio_Mondiale" title="Digital Radio Mondiale">Digital Radio Mondiale</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">mobile television</a> standards <a href="/wiki/DVB-H" title="DVB-H">DVB-H</a> and <a href="/wiki/ATSC-M/H" title="ATSC-M/H">ATSC-M/H</a>. </p><p>AAC supports inclusion of 48 full-<a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</a> (up to 96 kHz) <a href="/wiki/Audio_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio channel">audio channels</a> in one stream plus 16 low frequency effects (<a href="/wiki/Low-frequency_effects" title="Low-frequency effects">LFE</a>, limited to 120 Hz) channels, up to 16 "coupling" or dialog channels, and up to 16 data streams. The quality for stereo is satisfactory to modest requirements at 96 kbit/s in <a href="/wiki/Joint_stereo" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint stereo">joint stereo</a> mode; however, <a href="/wiki/Transparency_(data_compression)" title="Transparency (data compression)">hi-fi transparency</a> demands data rates of at least 128 kbit/s (<a href="/wiki/Variable_bitrate" title="Variable bitrate">VBR</a>). Tests<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (December 2021)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> of MPEG-4 audio have shown that AAC meets the requirements referred to as "transparent" for the <a href="/wiki/ITU" class="mw-redirect" title="ITU">ITU</a> at 128 kbit/s for stereo, and 384 kbit/s for <a href="/wiki/5.1" class="mw-redirect" title="5.1">5.1</a> audio.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AAC uses only a <a href="/wiki/Modified_discrete_cosine_transform" title="Modified discrete cosine transform">modified discrete cosine transform</a> (MDCT) algorithm, giving it higher compression efficiency than MP3, which uses a hybrid coding algorithm that is part MDCT and part <a href="/wiki/FFT" class="mw-redirect" title="FFT">FFT</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-brandenburg_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brandenburg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>AAC is the default or standard audio format for <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a>, <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_DSi" title="Nintendo DSi">Nintendo DSi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_3DS" title="Nintendo 3DS">Nintendo 3DS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Music (software)">Apple Music</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a>, <a href="/wiki/DivX#DivX_Plus_Web_Player" title="DivX">DivX Plus Web Player</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a> and various <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> <a href="/wiki/Series_40" title="Series 40">Series 40</a> phones. It is supported on a wide range of devices and software such as <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vita" title="PlayStation Vita">PlayStation Vita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>, digital audio players like <a href="/wiki/Sony_Walkman" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Walkman">Sony Walkman</a> or <a href="/wiki/SanDisk_Clip" class="mw-redirect" title="SanDisk Clip">SanDisk Clip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> and <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry" title="BlackBerry">BlackBerry</a> devices, various in-dash car audio systems,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (December 2014)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (December 2014)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup> and is also one of the audio formats used on the <a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a> web player.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">discrete cosine transform</a> (DCT), a type of <a href="/wiki/Transform_coding" title="Transform coding">transform coding</a> for <a href="/wiki/Lossy_compression" title="Lossy compression">lossy compression</a>, was proposed by <a href="/wiki/N._Ahmed" class="mw-redirect" title="N. Ahmed">Nasir Ahmed</a> in 1972, and developed by Ahmed with T. Natarajan and <a href="/wiki/K._R._Rao" title="K. R. Rao">K. R. Rao</a> in 1973, publishing their results in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-Ahmed_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ahmed-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pubDCT_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubDCT-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pubRaoYip_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubRaoYip-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to the development of the <a href="/wiki/Modified_discrete_cosine_transform" title="Modified discrete cosine transform">modified discrete cosine transform</a> (MDCT), proposed by J. P. Princen, A. W. Johnson and A. B. Bradley in 1987,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following earlier work by Princen and Bradley in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> <a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio coding standard">audio coding standard</a> introduced in 1992 used a hybrid coding algorithm that is part MDCT and part <a href="/wiki/FFT" class="mw-redirect" title="FFT">FFT</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Guckert_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guckert-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AAC uses a purely MDCT algorithm, giving it higher compression efficiency than MP3.<sup id="cite_ref-brandenburg_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brandenburg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Development further advanced when <a href="/wiki/Lars_Liljeryd" title="Lars Liljeryd">Lars Liljeryd</a> introduced a method that radically shrank the amount of information needed to store the digitized form of a song or speech.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>AAC was developed with the cooperation and contributions of companies including <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraunhofer_IIS" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraunhofer IIS">Fraunhofer IIS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a>, <a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG Electronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Corporation">Sony Corporation</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-businesswire_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businesswire-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/ETRI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETRI">ETRI</a>, <a href="/wiki/JVC_Kenwood" class="mw-redirect" title="JVC Kenwood">JVC Kenwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone" title="Nippon Telegraph and Telephone">NTT</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aac-licensors_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aac-licensors-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was officially declared an international standard by the <a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">Moving Picture Experts Group</a> in April 1997. It is specified both as <i>Part 7 of the MPEG-2 standard</i>, and <i>Subpart 4 in Part 3 of the MPEG-4 standard</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg4audio-version4-2009_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg4audio-version4-2009-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Standardization">Standardization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Standardization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1997, AAC was first introduced as <i>MPEG-2 Part 7</i>, formally known as <i><a href="/wiki/ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a>/<a href="/wiki/IEC" class="mw-redirect" title="IEC">IEC</a> 13818-7:1997</i>. This part of MPEG-2 was a new part, since MPEG-2 already included <i>MPEG-2 Part 3</i>, formally known as <i>ISO/IEC 13818-3: MPEG-2 BC</i> (Backwards Compatible).<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg-bc_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg-bc-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iso13818-7-2006-pdf_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso13818-7-2006-pdf-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, MPEG-2 Part 7 is also known as <i>MPEG-2 NBC</i> (Non-Backward Compatible), because it is not compatible with the <a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1</a> audio formats (<a href="/wiki/MP1" class="mw-redirect" title="MP1">MP1</a>, <a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MP2</a> and <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg-bc_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg-bc-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mpeg-audio-faq-bc_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg-audio-faq-bc-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mpeg-audio-florence_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg-audio-florence-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MPEG-2 Part 7 defined three profiles: <i>Low-Complexity</i> profile (AAC-LC / LC-AAC), <i>Main</i> profile (AAC Main) and <i>Scalable Sampling Rate</i> profile (AAC-SSR). AAC-LC profile consists of a base format very much like AT&T's Perceptual Audio Coding (PAC) coding format,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the addition of <a href="/wiki/Temporal_noise_shaping" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporal noise shaping">temporal noise shaping</a> (TNS),<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_window" title="Kaiser window">Kaiser window</a> (described below), a nonuniform <a href="/wiki/Quantizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantizer">quantizer</a>, and a reworking of the bitstream format to handle up to 16 stereo channels, 16 mono channels, 16 low-frequency effect (LFE) channels and 16 commentary channels in one bitstream. The Main profile adds a set of recursive predictors that are calculated on each tap of the filterbank. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scalable_Samping_Rate_Profile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scalable Samping Rate Profile (page does not exist)">SSR</a> uses a 4-band <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudo_Quadrature_Mirror_Filter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudo Quadrature Mirror Filter (page does not exist)">PQMF</a> filterbank, with four shorter filterbanks following, in order to allow for scalable sampling rates. </p><p>In 1999, MPEG-2 Part 7 was updated and included in the MPEG-4 family of standards and became known as <i><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">MPEG-4 Part 3</a></i>, <i>MPEG-4 Audio</i> or <i>ISO/IEC 14496-3:1999</i>. This update included several improvements. One of these improvements was the addition of <i><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3#MPEG-4_Audio_Object_Types" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">Audio Object Types</a></i> which are used to allow interoperability with a diverse range of other audio formats such as <a href="/wiki/TwinVQ" title="TwinVQ">TwinVQ</a>, <a href="/wiki/CELP" class="mw-redirect" title="CELP">CELP</a>, <a href="/wiki/HVXC" class="mw-redirect" title="HVXC">HVXC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speech_synthesis" title="Speech synthesis">speech synthesis</a> and <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Structured_Audio" title="MPEG-4 Structured Audio">MPEG-4 Structured Audio</a>. Another notable addition in this version of the AAC standard is <i>Perceptual Noise Substitution</i> (PNS). In that regard, the AAC profiles (AAC-LC, AAC Main and AAC-SSR profiles) are combined with perceptual noise substitution and are defined in the MPEG-4 audio standard as Audio Object Types.<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg4audio-profiles_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg4audio-profiles-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MPEG-4 Audio Object Types are combined in four MPEG-4 Audio profiles: Main (which includes most of the MPEG-4 Audio Object Types), Scalable (AAC LC, AAC LTP, CELP, HVXC, TwinVQ, Wavetable Synthesis, TTSI), Speech (CELP, HVXC, TTSI) and Low Rate Synthesis (Wavetable Synthesis, TTSI).<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg4audio-profiles_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg4audio-profiles-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mpeg4audio-version1-draft_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg4audio-version1-draft-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reference software for MPEG-4 Part 3 is specified in MPEG-4 Part 5 and the conformance bit-streams are specified in MPEG-4 Part 4. MPEG-4 Audio remains <a href="/wiki/Backward-compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="Backward-compatible">backward-compatible</a> with MPEG-2 Part 7.<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg4audio-mpeg2audio_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg4audio-mpeg2audio-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The MPEG-4 Audio Version 2 (ISO/IEC 14496-3:1999/Amd 1:2000) defined new audio object types: the low delay AAC (<a href="/wiki/AAC-LD" title="AAC-LD">AAC-LD</a>) object type, bit-sliced arithmetic coding (BSAC) object type, parametric audio coding using <a href="/wiki/Harmonic_and_Individual_Lines_and_Noise" title="Harmonic and Individual Lines and Noise">harmonic and individual line plus noise</a> and error resilient (ER) versions of object types.<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg4audio-iso-2-amd_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg4audio-iso-2-amd-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mpeg4audio-version2_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg4audio-version2-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mpeg4audio2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg4audio2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also defined four new audio profiles: High Quality Audio Profile, Low Delay Audio Profile, Natural Audio Profile and Mobile Audio Internetworking Profile.<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg4-profiles_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg4-profiles-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/HE-AAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HE-AAC">HE-AAC</a> Profile (AAC LC with <a href="/wiki/Spectral_band_replication" title="Spectral band replication">SBR</a>) and AAC Profile (AAC LC) were first standardized in ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 1:2003.<sup id="cite_ref-he-aac-amd1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-he-aac-amd1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The HE-AAC v2 Profile (AAC LC with SBR and Parametric Stereo) was first specified in ISO/IEC 14496-3:2005/Amd 2:2006.<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg4audio-n7016_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg4audio-n7016-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ISO_14496-3:2005/Amd.2_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISO_14496-3:2005/Amd.2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-embedded_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-embedded-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Parametric Stereo audio object type used in HE-AAC v2 was first defined in ISO/IEC 14496-3:2001/Amd 2:2004.<sup id="cite_ref-CT-whitepaper_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CT-whitepaper-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-parametric_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-parametric-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3gpp26401_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3gpp26401-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The current version of the AAC standard is defined in ISO/IEC 14496-3:2009.<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg4audio-2009_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg4audio-2009-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>AAC+ v2 is also standardized by <a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a> (<a href="/wiki/European_Telecommunications_Standards_Institute" title="European Telecommunications Standards Institute">European Telecommunications Standards Institute</a>) as TS 102005.<sup id="cite_ref-CT-whitepaper_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CT-whitepaper-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">MPEG-4 Part 3</a> standard also contains other ways of compressing sound. These include lossless compression formats, synthetic audio and low bit-rate compression formats generally used for speech. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AAC's_improvements_over_MP3"><span id="AAC.27s_improvements_over_MP3"></span>AAC's improvements over MP3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: AAC's improvements over MP3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Advanced Audio Coding is designed to be the successor of the <i><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_3" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3">MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3</a></i>, known as MP3 format, which was specified by <a href="/wiki/ISO" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO">ISO</a>/<a href="/wiki/IEC" class="mw-redirect" title="IEC">IEC</a> in 11172-3 (<a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1</a> Audio) and 13818-3 (<a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a> Audio). </p><p>Improvements include: </p> <ul><li>more <a href="/wiki/Sample_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sample rate">sample rates</a> (from 8 to 96 <a href="/wiki/KHz" class="mw-redirect" title="KHz">kHz</a>) than MP3 (16 to 48 kHz);</li> <li>up to 48 channels (MP3 supports up to two channels in MPEG-1 mode and up to <a href="/wiki/5.1" class="mw-redirect" title="5.1">5.1</a> channels in MPEG-2 mode);</li> <li>arbitrary <a href="/wiki/Bit_rate" title="Bit rate">bit rates</a> and variable frame length. Standardized constant bit rate with bit reservoir;</li> <li>higher efficiency and simpler <a href="/wiki/Filter_bank" title="Filter bank">filter bank</a>. AAC uses a pure <a href="/wiki/MDCT" class="mw-redirect" title="MDCT">MDCT</a> (modified discrete cosine transform), rather than MP3's hybrid coding (which was part MDCT and part <a href="/wiki/FFT" class="mw-redirect" title="FFT">FFT</a>);</li> <li>higher coding efficiency for <a href="/wiki/Stationary_process" title="Stationary process">stationary signals</a> (AAC uses a blocksize of 1024 or 960 samples, allowing more efficient coding than MP3's 576 sample blocks);</li> <li>higher coding accuracy for <a href="/wiki/Transient_(acoustics)" title="Transient (acoustics)">transient signals</a> (AAC uses a blocksize of 128 or 120 samples, allowing more accurate coding than MP3's 192 sample blocks);</li> <li>possibility to use <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_window" title="Kaiser window">Kaiser-Bessel derived</a> window function to eliminate <a href="/wiki/Spectral_leakage" title="Spectral leakage">spectral leakage</a> at the expense of widening the main lobe;</li> <li>much better handling of audio frequencies above 16 kHz;</li> <li>more flexible <a href="/wiki/Joint_stereo" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint stereo">joint stereo</a> (different methods can be used in different frequency ranges);</li> <li>additional modules (tools) added to increase compression efficiency: <a href="/wiki/Noise_shaping" title="Noise shaping">TNS</a>, backwards prediction, perceptual noise substitution (PNS), etc. These modules can be combined to constitute different encoding profiles.</li></ul> <p>Overall, the AAC format allows developers more flexibility to design codecs than MP3 does, and corrects many of the design choices made in the original MPEG-1 audio specification. This increased flexibility often leads to more concurrent encoding strategies and, as a result, to more efficient compression. This is especially true at very low bit rates where the superior stereo coding, pure MDCT, and better transform window sizes leave MP3 unable to compete. </p><p>While the MP3 format has near-universal hardware and software support, primarily because MP3 was the format of choice during the crucial first few years of widespread music <a href="/wiki/File-sharing" class="mw-redirect" title="File-sharing">file-sharing</a>/distribution over the internet, AAC is a strong contender due to some unwavering industry support.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Functionality">Functionality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Functionality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>AAC is a <a href="/wiki/Wideband_audio" title="Wideband audio">wideband audio</a> coding algorithm that exploits two primary coding strategies to dramatically reduce the amount of data needed to represent high-quality digital audio: </p> <ul><li>Signal components that are perceptually irrelevant are discarded.</li> <li>Redundancies in the coded audio signal are eliminated.</li></ul> <p>The actual encoding process consists of the following steps: </p> <ul><li>The signal is converted from time-domain to frequency-domain using forward <a href="/wiki/Modified_discrete_cosine_transform" title="Modified discrete cosine transform">modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT)</a>. This is done by using filter banks that take an appropriate number of time samples and convert them to frequency samples.</li> <li>The frequency domain signal is quantized based on a <a href="/wiki/Psychoacoustic" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychoacoustic">psychoacoustic</a> model and encoded.</li> <li>Internal error correction codes are added.</li> <li>The signal is stored or transmitted.</li> <li>In order to prevent corrupt samples, a modern implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Luhn_mod_N_algorithm" title="Luhn mod N algorithm">Luhn mod N algorithm</a> is applied to each frame.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a> audio standard does not define a single or small set of highly efficient compression schemes but rather a complex toolbox to perform a wide range of operations from low bit rate speech coding to high-quality audio coding and music synthesis. </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a> audio coding algorithm family spans the range from low bit rate speech encoding (down to 2 kbit/s) to high-quality audio coding (at 64 kbit/s per channel and higher).</li> <li>AAC offers sampling frequencies between 8 kHz and 96 kHz and any number of channels between 1 and 48.</li> <li>In contrast to MP3's hybrid filter bank, AAC uses the modified discrete cosine transform (<a href="/wiki/MDCT" class="mw-redirect" title="MDCT">MDCT</a>) together with the increased window lengths of 1024 or 960 points.</li></ul> <p>AAC encoders can switch dynamically between a single MDCT block of length 1024 points or 8 blocks of 128 points (or between 960 points and 120 points, respectively). </p> <ul><li>If a signal change or a transient occurs, 8 shorter windows of 128/120 points each are chosen for their better temporal resolution.</li> <li>By default, the longer 1024-point/960-point window is otherwise used because the increased frequency resolution allows for a more sophisticated psychoacoustic model, resulting in improved coding efficiency.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modular_encoding">Modular encoding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modular encoding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>AAC takes a modular approach to encoding. Depending on the complexity of the bitstream to be encoded, the desired performance and the acceptable output, implementers may create profiles to define which of a specific set of tools they want to use for a particular application. </p><p>The MPEG-2 Part 7 standard (Advanced Audio Coding) was first published in 1997 and offers three default profiles:<sup id="cite_ref-iso13818-7-1997_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso13818-7-1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iso13818-7-2004-pdf_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iso13818-7-2004-pdf-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Low Complexity (LC)</b> – the simplest and most widely used and supported</li> <li><b>Main Profile (Main)</b> – like the LC profile, with the addition of backwards prediction</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_AAC-SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 AAC-SSR">Scalable Sample Rate (SSR)</a></b> a.k.a. Sample-Rate Scalable (SRS)</li></ul> <p>The MPEG-4 Part 3 standard (MPEG-4 Audio) defined various new compression tools (a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3#MPEG-4_Audio_Object_Types" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">Audio Object Types</a>) and their usage in brand new profiles. AAC is not used in some of the MPEG-4 Audio profiles. The MPEG-2 Part 7 AAC LC profile, AAC Main profile and AAC SSR profile are combined with Perceptual Noise Substitution and defined in the MPEG-4 Audio standard as Audio Object Types (under the name AAC LC, AAC Main and AAC SSR). These are combined with other Object Types in MPEG-4 Audio profiles.<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg4audio-profiles_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg4audio-profiles-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here is a list of some audio profiles defined in the MPEG-4 standard:<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg4audio-n7016_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg4audio-n7016-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fhg-mpeg4audio_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fhg-mpeg4audio-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3#Audio_Profiles" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">MPEG-4 Part 3: Audio Profiles</a></div> <ul><li><b>Main Audio Profile</b> – defined in 1999, uses most of the MPEG-4 Audio Object Types (AAC Main, AAC-LC, AAC-SSR, AAC-LTP, AAC Scalable, TwinVQ, CELP, HVXC, TTSI, Main synthesis)</li> <li><b>Scalable Audio Profile</b> – defined in 1999, uses AAC-LC, AAC-LTP, AAC Scalable, TwinVQ, CELP, HVXC, TTSI</li> <li><b>Speech Audio Profile</b> – defined in 1999, uses CELP, HVXC, TTSI</li> <li><b>Synthetic Audio Profile</b> – defined in 1999, TTSI, Main synthesis</li> <li><b>High Quality Audio Profile</b> – defined in 2000, uses AAC-LC, AAC-LTP, AAC Scalable, CELP, ER-AAC-LC, ER-AAC-LTP, ER-AAC Scalable, ER-CELP</li> <li><b>Low Delay Audio Profile</b> – defined in 2000, uses CELP, HVXC, TTSI, ER-AAC-LD, ER-CELP, ER-HVXC</li> <li><b>Low Delay AAC v2</b> - defined in 2012, uses AAC-LD, AAC-ELD and AAC-ELDv2<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Mobile Audio Internetworking Profile</b> – defined in 2000, uses ER-AAC-LC, ER-AAC-Scalable, ER-TwinVQ, ER-BSAC, ER-AAC-LD</li> <li><b>AAC Profile</b> – defined in 2003, uses AAC-LC</li> <li><b>High Efficiency AAC Profile</b> – defined in 2003, uses AAC-LC, SBR</li> <li><b>High Efficiency AAC v2 Profile</b> – defined in 2006, uses AAC-LC, SBR, PS</li> <li><b>Extended High Efficiency AAC xHE-AAC</b> – defined in 2012, uses <a href="/wiki/Unified_Speech_and_Audio_Coding" title="Unified Speech and Audio Coding">USAC</a></li></ul> <p>One of many improvements in MPEG-4 Audio is an Object Type called Long Term Prediction (LTP), which is an improvement of the Main profile using a forward predictor with lower computational complexity.<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg4audio-mpeg2audio_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg4audio-mpeg2audio-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AAC_error_protection_toolkit">AAC error protection toolkit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: AAC error protection toolkit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Applying error protection enables error correction up to a certain extent. Error correcting codes are usually applied equally to the whole payload. However, since different parts of an AAC payload show different sensitivity to transmission errors, this would not be a very efficient approach. </p><p>The AAC payload can be subdivided into parts with different error sensitivities. </p> <ul><li>Independent error correcting codes can be applied to any of these parts using the Error Protection (EP) tool defined in MPEG-4 Audio standard.</li> <li>This toolkit provides the error correcting capability to the most sensitive parts of the payload in order to keep the additional overhead low.</li> <li>The toolkit is backwardly compatible with simpler and pre-existing AAC decoders. A great deal of the toolkit's error correction functions are based around spreading information about the audio signal more evenly in the datastream.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Error_Resilient_(ER)_AAC"><span id="Error_Resilient_.28ER.29_AAC"></span>Error Resilient (ER) AAC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Error Resilient (ER) AAC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Error Resilience (ER) techniques can be used to make the coding scheme itself more robust against errors. </p><p>For AAC, three custom-tailored methods were developed and defined in MPEG-4 Audio </p> <ul><li><b>Huffman Codeword Reordering (HCR)</b> to avoid error propagation within spectral data</li> <li><b>Virtual Codebooks (VCB11)</b> to detect serious errors within spectral data</li> <li><b>Reversible Variable Length Code (RVLC)</b> to reduce error propagation within scale factor data</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AAC_Low_Delay">AAC Low Delay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: AAC Low Delay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/AAC-LD" title="AAC-LD">AAC-LD</a></div> <p>The audio coding standards <b>MPEG-4 Low Delay</b> (<a href="/wiki/AAC-LD" title="AAC-LD">AAC-LD</a>), <b>Enhanced Low Delay</b> (AAC-ELD), and <b>Enhanced Low Delay v2</b> (AAC-ELDv2) as defined in ISO/IEC 14496-3:2009 and ISO/IEC 14496-3:2009/Amd 3 are designed to combine the advantages of perceptual audio coding with the low delay necessary for two-way communication. They are closely derived from the MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) format.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AAC-ELD is recommended by <a href="/wiki/GSMA" title="GSMA">GSMA</a> as super-wideband voice codec in the IMS Profile for High Definition Video Conference (HDVC) Service.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Licensing_and_patents">Licensing and patents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Licensing and patents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>No licenses or payments are required for a user to stream or distribute audio in AAC format.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reason alone might have made AAC a more attractive format to distribute audio than its predecessor MP3, particularly for streaming audio (such as Internet radio) depending on the use case. </p><p>However, a patent license is required for all manufacturers or developers of AAC "end-user" <a href="/wiki/Codecs" class="mw-redirect" title="Codecs">codecs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The terms (as disclosed to SEC) uses per-unit pricing. In the case of software, each computer running the software is to be considered a separate "unit".<sup id="cite_ref-license-ag_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-license-ag-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It used to be common for <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open_source_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open source software">free and open source software</a> implementations such as <a href="/wiki/FFmpeg" title="FFmpeg">FFmpeg</a> and <a href="/wiki/FAAC" title="FAAC">FAAC</a> to only distribute in <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> form so as to not "otherwise supply" an AAC codec. However, FFmpeg has since become more lenient on patent matters: the "gyan.dev" builds recommended by the official site now contain its AAC codec, with the FFmpeg legal page stating that patent law conformance is the user's responsibility.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See below under Products that support AAC, Software.) The <a href="/wiki/Fedora_Project" title="Fedora Project">Fedora Project</a>, a community backed by <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat">Red Hat</a>, has imported the "Third-Party Modified Version of the Fraunhofer FDK AAC Codec Library for Android" to its repositories on September 25, 2018,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has enabled FFmpeg's native AAC encoder and decoder for its ffmpeg-free package on January 31, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The AAC patent holders include <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">Bell Labs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolby" title="Dolby">Dolby</a>, <a href="/wiki/ETRI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETRI">ETRI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fraunhofer_Society" title="Fraunhofer Society">Fraunhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/JVC_Kenwood" class="mw-redirect" title="JVC Kenwood">JVC Kenwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG Electronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone" title="Nippon Telegraph and Telephone">NTT</a> (and its subsidiary <a href="/wiki/NTT_Docomo" title="NTT Docomo">NTT Docomo</a>), <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sony_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Corporation">Sony Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aac-licensors_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aac-licensors-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-businesswire_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businesswire-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on the list of patents from the SEC terms, the last baseline AAC patent expires in 2028, and the last patent for all AAC extensions mentioned expires in 2031.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extensions_and_improvements">Extensions and improvements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Extensions and improvements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some extensions have been added to the first AAC standard (defined in MPEG-2 Part 7 in 1997): </p> <ul><li><b>Perceptual Noise Substitution (PNS)</b>, added in <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">MPEG-4</a> in 1999. It allows the coding of noise as <a href="/wiki/Pseudorandom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudorandom">pseudorandom</a> data.</li> <li><b>Long Term Predictor (LTP)</b>, added in MPEG-4 in 1999. It is a forward predictor with lower computational complexity.<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg4audio-mpeg2audio_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg4audio-mpeg2audio-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Error Resilience (ER)</b>, added in MPEG-4 Audio version 2 in 2000, used for transport over error prone channels<sup id="cite_ref-mpeg-audio-faq_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mpeg-audio-faq-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AAC-LD" title="AAC-LD">AAC-LD</a></b> (Low Delay), defined in 2000, used for real-time conversation applications</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">High Efficiency AAC</a> (HE-AAC)</b>, a.k.a. aacPlus v1 or AAC+, the combination of <a href="/wiki/Spectral_band_replication" title="Spectral band replication">SBR (Spectral Band Replication)</a> and AAC LC. Used for low bitrates. Defined in 2003.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/HE-AAC_v2" class="mw-redirect" title="HE-AAC v2">HE-AAC v2</a></b>, a.k.a. aacPlus v2, eAAC+ or Enhanced aacPlus, the combination of <a href="/wiki/Parametric_Stereo" class="mw-redirect" title="Parametric Stereo">Parametric Stereo (PS)</a> and HE-AAC; used for even lower bitrates. Defined in 2004 and 2006.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/XHE-AAC#xHE-AAC" class="mw-redirect" title="XHE-AAC">xHE-AAC</a></b>, extends the operating range of the codec from 12 to 300 kbit/s.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_SLS" title="MPEG-4 SLS">MPEG-4 Scalable To Lossless (SLS)</a></b>, Not yet published,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can supplement an AAC stream to provide a lossless decoding option, such as in Fraunhofer IIS's "HD-AAC" product</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Container_formats">Container formats<span class="anchor" id="LATM"></span><span class="anchor" id="LOAS"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Container formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3#Audio_storage_and_transport" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">MPEG-4 Part 3: Audio storage and transport</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_video_container_formats#Audio_coding_formats_support" title="Comparison of video container formats">Comparison of video container formats § Audio coding formats support</a></div> <p>In addition to the <a href="/wiki/MP4" class="mw-redirect" title="MP4">MP4</a>, <a href="/wiki/3GP" class="mw-redirect" title="3GP">3GP</a> and other container formats based on <a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">ISO base media file format</a> for file storage, AAC audio data was first packaged in a file for the MPEG-2 standard using Audio Data Interchange Format (ADIF),<sup id="cite_ref-aes2003_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aes2003-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consisting of a single header followed by the raw AAC audio data blocks.<sup id="cite_ref-diipp_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diipp-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, if the data is to be streamed within an MPEG-2 transport stream, a self-synchronizing format called an <b>Audio Data Transport Stream</b> (<b>ADTS</b>) is used, consisting of a series of frames, each frame having a header followed by the AAC audio data.<sup id="cite_ref-aes2003_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aes2003-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This file and streaming-based format are defined in <a href="/wiki/MPEG-2_Part_7" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-2 Part 7">MPEG-2 Part 7</a>, but are only considered informative by MPEG-4, so an MPEG-4 decoder does not need to support either format.<sup id="cite_ref-aes2003_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aes2003-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These containers, as well as a raw AAC stream, may bear the .aac file extension. <a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">MPEG-4 Part 3</a> also defines its own self-synchronizing format called a Low Overhead Audio Stream (LOAS) that encapsulates not only AAC, but any MPEG-4 audio compression scheme such as <a href="/wiki/TwinVQ" title="TwinVQ">TwinVQ</a> and <a href="/wiki/Audio_Lossless_Coding" title="Audio Lossless Coding">ALS</a>. This format is what was defined for use in DVB transport streams when encoders use either <a href="/wiki/Spectral_band_replication" title="Spectral band replication">SBR</a> or <a href="/wiki/Parametric_stereo" title="Parametric stereo">parametric stereo</a> AAC extensions. However, it is restricted to only a single non-multiplexed AAC stream. This format is also referred to as a Low Overhead Audio Transport Multiplex (LATM), which is just an interleaved multiple stream version of a LOAS.<sup id="cite_ref-aes2003_63-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aes2003-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products_that_support_AAC">Products that support AAC</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Products that support AAC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Special:EditPage/Advanced Audio Coding">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Advanced+Audio+Coding%22">"Advanced Audio Coding"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Advanced+Audio+Coding%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Advanced+Audio+Coding%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Advanced+Audio+Coding%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Advanced+Audio+Coding%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Advanced+Audio+Coding%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HDTV_Standards">HDTV Standards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: HDTV Standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japanese_ISDB-T">Japanese ISDB-T</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Japanese ISDB-T"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2003, Japan started broadcasting terrestrial DTV <a href="/wiki/ISDB-T" class="mw-redirect" title="ISDB-T">ISDB-T</a> standard that implements MPEG-2 video and MPEG-2 AAC audio. In April 2006 Japan started broadcasting the ISDB-T mobile sub-program, called 1seg, that was the first implementation of video H.264/AVC with audio HE-AAC in Terrestrial HDTV broadcasting service on the planet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_ISDB-Tb">International ISDB-Tb</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: International ISDB-Tb"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 2007, Brazil started broadcasting terrestrial DTV standard called International <a href="/wiki/ISDB-Tb" class="mw-redirect" title="ISDB-Tb">ISDB-Tb</a> that implements video coding H.264/AVC with audio AAC-LC on main program (single or multi) and video H.264/AVC with audio HE-AACv2 in the 1seg mobile sub-program. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="DVB">DVB</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: DVB"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a>, the standards governing body for the <a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB suite</a>, supports AAC, HE-AAC and HE-AAC v2 audio coding in DVB applications since at least 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DVB broadcasts which use the <a href="/wiki/H.264" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264">H.264</a> compression for video normally use HE-AAC for audio.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hardware">Hardware</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Hardware"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="iTunes_and_iPod">iTunes and iPod</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: iTunes and iPod"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2003, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> brought mainstream attention to AAC by announcing that its <a href="/wiki/ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a> and <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a> products would support songs in MPEG-4 AAC format (via a <a href="/wiki/Firmware" title="Firmware">firmware</a> update for older iPods). Customers could download music in a closed-source <a href="/wiki/Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">digital rights management</a> (DRM)-restricted form of 128 kbit/s AAC (see <a href="/wiki/FairPlay" title="FairPlay">FairPlay</a>) via the <a href="/wiki/ITunes_Store" title="ITunes Store">iTunes Store</a> or create files without DRM from their own CDs using iTunes. In later years, Apple began offering music videos and movies, which also use AAC for audio encoding. </p><p>On May 29, 2007, Apple began selling songs and music videos from participating record labels at higher bitrate (256 kbit/s cVBR) and free of DRM, a format dubbed "iTunes Plus" . These files mostly adhere to the AAC standard and are playable on many non-Apple products but they do include custom iTunes information such as <a href="/wiki/Album_artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Album artwork">album artwork</a> and a purchase receipt, so as to identify the customer in case the file is leaked out onto <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> networks. It is possible, however, to remove these custom tags to restore interoperability with players that conform strictly to the AAC specification. As of January 6, 2009, nearly all music on the USA regioned iTunes Store became DRM-free, with the remainder becoming DRM-free by the end of March 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>iTunes offers a "Variable Bit Rate" encoding option which encodes AAC tracks in the <a href="/wiki/Average_bitrate" title="Average bitrate">Constrained Variable Bitrate</a> scheme (a less strict variant of ABR encoding); the underlying QuickTime API does offer a true VBR encoding profile however.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of September 2009, Apple has added support for <a href="/wiki/HE-AAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HE-AAC">HE-AAC</a> (which is fully part of the MP4 standard) only for radio streams, not file playback, and iTunes still lacks support for true VBR encoding. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_portable_players">Other portable players</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Other portable players"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archos" title="Archos">Archos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowon" title="Cowon">Cowon</a> (unofficially supported on some models)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_Zen" title="Creative Zen">Creative Zen</a> Portable</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiio" title="Fiio">Fiio</a> (all current models)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_3DS" title="Nintendo 3DS">Nintendo 3DS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_DSi" title="Nintendo DSi">Nintendo DSi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philips_GoGear" title="Philips GoGear">Philips GoGear</a> Muse</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a> (PSP) with firmware 2.0 or greater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_YEPP" title="Samsung YEPP">Samsung YEPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SanDisk_Sansa" class="mw-redirect" title="SanDisk Sansa">SanDisk Sansa</a> (some models)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman">Walkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zune" title="Zune">Zune</a></li> <li>Any portable player that fully supports the <a href="/wiki/Rockbox" title="Rockbox">Rockbox</a> third party firmware</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mobile_phones">Mobile phones</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Mobile phones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For a number of years, many mobile phones from manufacturers such as <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony_Ericsson" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Ericsson">Sony Ericsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/BenQ-Siemens" class="mw-redirect" title="BenQ-Siemens">BenQ-Siemens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a> have supported AAC playback. The first such phone was the <a href="/wiki/Nokia_5510" title="Nokia 5510">Nokia 5510</a> released in 2002 which also plays MP3s. However, this phone was a commercial failure<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and such phones with integrated music players did not gain mainstream popularity until 2005 when the trend of having AAC as well as MP3 support continued. Most new smartphones and music-themed phones support playback of these formats. </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sony_Ericsson" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Ericsson">Sony Ericsson</a></b> phones support various AAC formats in MP4 container. AAC-LC is supported in all phones beginning with <a href="/wiki/Sony_Ericsson_K700" title="Sony Ericsson K700">K700</a>, phones beginning with <a href="/wiki/W550" class="mw-redirect" title="W550">W550</a> have support of HE-AAC. The latest devices such as the <a href="/wiki/P990" class="mw-redirect" title="P990">P990</a>, <a href="/wiki/K610" class="mw-redirect" title="K610">K610</a>, <a href="/wiki/W890i" class="mw-redirect" title="W890i">W890i</a> and later support HE-AAC v2.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nokia_XpressMusic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nokia XpressMusic">Nokia XpressMusic</a></b> and other new generation Nokia multimedia phones like N- and E-Series also support AAC format in LC, HE, M4A and HEv2 profiles. These also supports playing LTP-encoded AAC audio.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/BlackBerry" title="BlackBerry">BlackBerry</a></b> phones running the <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_10" title="BlackBerry 10">BlackBerry 10</a> operating system support AAC playback natively. Select previous generation <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_OS" title="BlackBerry OS">BlackBerry OS</a> devices also support AAC.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bada_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Bada OS">bada OS</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>'s <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a></b> supports AAC and FairPlay protected AAC files formerly used as the default encoding format in the iTunes Store until the <a href="/wiki/FairPlay#Announcement_of_FairPlay_restrictions_removal" title="FairPlay">removal of DRM restrictions in March 2009</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a></b> 2.3<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later supports AAC-LC, HE-AAC and HE-AAC v2 in MP4 or M4A containers along with several other audio formats. Android 3.1 and later supports raw ADTS files. Android 4.1 can encode AAC.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/WebOS" title="WebOS">WebOS</a></b> by HP/Palm supports AAC, AAC+, eAAC+, and .m4a containers in its native music player as well as several third-party players. However, it does not support Apple's FairPlay DRM files downloaded from iTunes.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a></b>'s <a href="/wiki/Silverlight" class="mw-redirect" title="Silverlight">Silverlight</a> runtime supports AAC-LC, HE-AAC and HE-AAC v2 decoding.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_devices">Other devices</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Other devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>'s <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a></b>: Supports AAC and FairPlay protected AAC files used as the default encoding format in the iTunes Store</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Palm_OS" title="Palm OS">Palm OS</a> <a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">PDAs</a></b>: Many Palm OS based PDAs and smartphones can play AAC and HE-AAC with the 3rd party software <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pocket_Tunes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pocket Tunes (page does not exist)">Pocket Tunes</a>. Version 4.0, released in December 2006, added support for native AAC and HE-AAC files. The AAC codec for <a href="/wiki/TCPMP" class="mw-redirect" title="TCPMP">TCPMP</a>, a popular video player, was withdrawn after version 0.66 due to patent issues, but can still be downloaded from sites other than corecodec.org. CorePlayer, the commercial follow-on to TCPMP, includes AAC support. Other Palm OS programs supporting AAC include Kinoma Player and AeroPlayer.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile" title="Windows Mobile">Windows Mobile</a></b>: Supports AAC either by the native <a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player" title="Windows Media Player">Windows Media Player</a> or by third-party products (TCPMP, CorePlayer)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Epson" title="Epson">Epson</a></b>: Supports AAC playback in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epson_P-2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epson P-2000 (page does not exist)">P-2000</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epson_P-4000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epson P-4000 (page does not exist)">P-4000</a> Multimedia/Photo Storage Viewers</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sony_Reader" title="Sony Reader">Sony Reader</a></b>: plays M4A files containing AAC, and displays metadata created by iTunes. Other Sony products, including the A and E series Network Walkmans, support AAC with firmware updates (released May 2006) while the S series supports it out of the box.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sonos" title="Sonos">Sonos</a> Digital Media Player</b>: supports playback of AAC files</li> <li><b>Barnes & Noble <a href="/wiki/Nook_Color" title="Nook Color">Nook Color</a></b>: supports playback of AAC encoded files</li> <li><b>Roku <a href="/wiki/SoundBridge" title="SoundBridge">SoundBridge</a></b>: a network audio player, supports playback of AAC encoded files</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Squeezebox_(network_music_player)" title="Squeezebox (network music player)">Squeezebox</a></b>: network audio player (made by <a href="/wiki/Slim_Devices" title="Slim Devices">Slim Devices</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Logitech" title="Logitech">Logitech</a> company) that supports playback of AAC files</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a></b>: supports encoding and decoding of AAC files</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a></b>: supports streaming of AAC through the Zune software, and of supported iPods connected through the USB port</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a></b>: supports AAC files through version 1.1 of the <a href="/wiki/Photo_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo Channel">Photo Channel</a> as of December 11, 2007. All AAC profiles and bitrates are supported as long as it is in the .m4a file extension. The 1.1 update removed MP3 compatibility, but according to Nintendo, users who have installed this may freely downgrade to the old version if they wish.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Livescribe" title="Livescribe">Livescribe</a> Pulse and Echo Smartpens</b>: record and store audio in AAC format. The audio files can be replayed using the pen's integrated speaker, attached headphones, or on a computer using the Livescribe Desktop software. The AAC files are stored in the user's "My Documents" folder of the Windows OS and can be distributed and played without specialized hardware or software from Livescribe.</li> <li><b>Google <a href="/wiki/Chromecast" title="Chromecast">Chromecast</a></b>: supports playback of LC-AAC and HE-AAC audio<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Software">Software</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Almost all current computer media players include built-in decoders for AAC, or can utilize a <a href="/wiki/Library_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Library (computer science)">library</a> to decode it. On <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/DirectShow" title="DirectShow">DirectShow</a> can be used this way with the corresponding filters to enable AAC playback in any <a href="/wiki/DirectShow" title="DirectShow">DirectShow</a> based player. <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a> supports AAC via the <a href="/wiki/QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a> libraries. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player" title="Adobe Flash Player">Adobe Flash Player</a>, since version 9 update 3, can also play back AAC streams.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Flash Player is also a browser plugin, it can play AAC files through a browser as well. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Rockbox" title="Rockbox">Rockbox</a> <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a> <a href="/wiki/Firmware" title="Firmware">firmware</a> (available for multiple portable players) also offers support for AAC to varying degrees, depending on the model of player and the AAC profile. </p><p>Optional iPod support (playback of unprotected AAC files) for the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a> is available as a free download from <a href="/wiki/Xbox_Live" class="mw-redirect" title="Xbox Live">Xbox Live</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following is a non-comprehensive list of other software player applications: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3ivx" title="3ivx">3ivx MPEG-4</a>: a suite of DirectShow and QuickTime plugins which support AAC encoding or AAC/ HE-AAC decoding in any DirectShow application</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CorePlayer" class="mw-redirect" title="CorePlayer">CorePlayer</a>: also supports LC and HE AAC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ffdshow" title="Ffdshow">ffdshow</a>: a free <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a> <a href="/wiki/DirectShow" title="DirectShow">DirectShow</a> filter for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> that uses FAAD2 to support AAC decoding</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foobar2000" title="Foobar2000">foobar2000</a>: a <a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">freeware</a> <a href="/wiki/Audio_player_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio player (software)">audio player</a> for <a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> that supports LC and HE AAC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMPlayer" title="KMPlayer">KMPlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MediaMonkey" title="MediaMonkey">MediaMonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIMP" title="AIMP">AIMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Player_Classic#Forks" title="Media Player Classic">Media Player Classic Home Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mp3tag" title="Mp3tag">mp3tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPlayer" title="MPlayer">MPlayer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Xine" title="Xine">xine</a>: often used as AAC decoders on <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> or <a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MusicBee" title="MusicBee">MusicBee</a>: an advanced music manager and player that also supports encoding and ripping through a plugin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealPlayer" title="RealPlayer">RealPlayer</a>: includes <a href="/wiki/RealNetworks" title="RealNetworks">RealNetworks</a>' RealAudio 10 AAC encoder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songbird_(software)" title="Songbird (software)">Songbird</a>: supports AAC on Windows, Linux and <a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X">Mac OS X</a>, including the DRM rights management encoding used for purchased music from the iTunes Store, with a plug-in</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonicstage" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonicstage">Sony SonicStage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLC_media_player" title="VLC media player">VLC media player</a>: supports playback and encoding of MP4 and raw AAC files</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winamp" title="Winamp">Winamp</a> for Windows: includes an AAC encoder that supports LC and HE AAC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player_12" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Media Player 12">Windows Media Player 12</a>: released with <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a>, supports playback of AAC files natively</li> <li>Another Real: <a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_(online_music_service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhapsody (online music service)">Rhapsody</a> supports the RealAudio AAC codec, in addition to offering subscription tracks encoded with AAC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBMC" class="mw-redirect" title="XBMC">XBMC</a>: supports AAC (both LC and HE).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMMS" title="XMMS">XMMS</a>: supports MP4 playback using a plugin provided by the faad2 library</li></ul> <p>Some of these players (e.g., foobar2000, Winamp, and VLC) also support the decoding of ADTS (Audio Data Transport Stream) using the <a href="/wiki/SHOUTcast" class="mw-redirect" title="SHOUTcast">SHOUTcast</a> protocol. Plug-ins for Winamp and foobar2000 enable the creation of such streams. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nero_Digital_Audio">Nero Digital Audio</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Nero Digital Audio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2006, <a href="/wiki/Nero_AG" title="Nero AG">Nero AG</a> released an AAC encoding tool free of charge, <i>Nero Digital Audio</i> (the AAC codec portion has become <a href="/wiki/Nero_AAC_Codec" title="Nero AAC Codec">Nero AAC Codec</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is capable of encoding LC-AAC, HE-AAC and HE-AAC v2 streams. The tool is a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Command-line_interface_tool&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Command-line interface tool (page does not exist)">command-line interface tool</a> only. A separate utility is also included to decode to PCM <a href="/wiki/WAV" title="WAV">WAV</a>. </p><p>Various tools including the <a href="/wiki/Foobar2000" title="Foobar2000">foobar2000</a> audio player and <a href="/wiki/MediaCoder" title="MediaCoder">MediaCoder</a> can provide a <a href="/wiki/GUI" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI">GUI</a> for this encoder. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="FAAC_and_FAAD2">FAAC and FAAD2</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: FAAC and FAAD2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/FAAC" title="FAAC">FAAC</a></div> <p>FAAC and FAAD2 stand for Freeware Advanced Audio Coder and Decoder 2 respectively. FAAC supports audio object types LC, Main and LTP.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FAAD2 supports audio object types LC, Main, LTP, SBR and PS.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although FAAD2 is <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a>, FAAC is not free software. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fraunhofer_FDK_AAC">Fraunhofer FDK AAC</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Fraunhofer FDK AAC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fraunhofer_FDK_AAC" title="Fraunhofer FDK AAC">Fraunhofer FDK AAC</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Fraunhofer_IIS" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraunhofer IIS">Fraunhofer</a>-authored open-source encoder/decoder included in <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> has been ported to other platforms. FFmpeg’s native AAC encoder does not support HE-AAC and HE-AACv2, but GPL 2.0+ of ffmpeg is not compatible with FDK AAC, hence ffmpeg with libfdk-aac is not redistributable. The QAAC encoder that is using Apple's Core Media Audio is still higher quality than FDK. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="FFmpeg_and_Libav">FFmpeg and Libav</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: FFmpeg and Libav"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/FAAC#Alternatives_for_AAC_encoding_in_Unix-like_operating_systems" title="FAAC">FAAC § Alternatives for AAC encoding in Unix-like operating systems</a></div> <p>The native AAC encoder created in <a href="/wiki/FFmpeg" title="FFmpeg">FFmpeg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Libavcodec" title="Libavcodec">libavcodec</a>, and forked with <a href="/wiki/Libav" title="Libav">Libav</a>, was considered experimental and poor. A significant amount of work was done for the 3.0 release of FFmpeg (February 2016) to make its version usable and competitive with the rest of the AAC encoders.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Libav has not merged this work and continues to use the older version of the AAC encoder. These encoders are <a href="/wiki/LGPL" class="mw-redirect" title="LGPL">LGPL</a>-licensed open-source and can be built for any platform that the FFmpeg or Libav frameworks can be built. </p><p>Both FFmpeg and Libav can use the <a href="/wiki/Fraunhofer_FDK_AAC" title="Fraunhofer FDK AAC">Fraunhofer FDK AAC</a> library via libfdk-aac, and while the FFmpeg native encoder has become stable and good enough for common use, FDK is still considered the highest quality encoder available for use with FFmpeg.<sup id="cite_ref-ffmpegdoc_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ffmpegdoc-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Libav also recommends using FDK AAC if it is available.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FFmpeg 4.4 and above can also use the Apple audiotoolbox encoder.<sup id="cite_ref-ffmpegdoc_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ffmpegdoc-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the native AAC encoder only produces AAC-LC, ffmpeg's native decoder is able to deal with a wide range of input formats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_audio_coding_formats" title="Comparison of audio coding formats">Comparison of audio coding formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAC-LD" title="AAC-LD">AAC-LD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_14" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 Part 14">MPEG-4 Part 14</a> (container format)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorbis" title="Vorbis">Vorbis</a> – a <a href="/wiki/Royalty-free" title="Royalty-free">royalty-free</a> competitor to AAC and MP3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_(audio_codec)" class="mw-redirect" title="Opus (audio codec)">Opus</a> – a <a href="/wiki/Royalty-free" title="Royalty-free">royalty-free</a> codec standardized in 2012</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">only used on web player, <a href="/wiki/Google_Home" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Home">Google Home</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Alexa" title="Amazon Alexa">Amazon Alexa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> app.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-businesswire-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-businesswire_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-businesswire_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-businesswire_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kikaku.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/sc29/open/29view/29n6475t.doc">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(DOC)</span> on 12 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Hydrogenaudio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140706172307/http://wiki.hydrogenaud.io/index.php?title=AAC">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-07-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-02-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Macworld&rft.atitle=iTunes+Store+goes+DRM-free&rft.date=2010-05-27&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.macworld.com%2Farticle%2F137946%2F2009%2F01%2Fitunestore.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Audio+Coding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.hydrogenaud.io/index.php?title=Apple_AAC#afconvert">"Apple AAC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenaudio" title="Hydrogenaudio">Hydrogenaudio</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123040120/https://wiki.hydrogenaud.io/index.php?title=Apple_AAC#afconvert">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apple+AAC&rft.pub=Hydrogenaudio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.hydrogenaud.io%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DApple_AAC%23afconvert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Audio+Coding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-2.3-highlights.html">"Gingerbread - Android Developers"</a>. <i>Android Developers</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171229061610/https://developer.android.com/about/versions/android-2.3-highlights.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Android+Developers&rft.atitle=Gingerbread+-+Android+Developers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fabout%2Fversions%2Fandroid-2.3-highlights.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Audio+Coding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.android.com/guide/appendix/media-formats.html">"Supported media formats - Android Developers"</a>. <i>Android Developers</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120311121312/http://developer.android.com/guide/appendix/media-formats.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Android+Developers&rft.atitle=Supported+media+formats+-+Android+Developers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.android.com%2Fguide%2Fappendix%2Fmedia-formats.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Audio+Coding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110524144931/http://www.palm.com/us/products/phones/pre/#techspecs">"Palm Pre Phone / Features, Details"</a>. <i>Palm USA</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palm.com/us/products/phones/pre/#techspecs">the original</a> on 2011-05-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Palm+USA&rft.atitle=Palm+Pre+Phone+%2F+Features%2C+Details&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palm.com%2Fus%2Fproducts%2Fphones%2Fpre%2F%23techspecs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Audio+Coding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nintendo.com/consumer/systems/wii/en_na/channelsPhoto.jsp#photo1.1">"Nintendo - Customer Service - Wii - Photo Channel"</a>. <i>nintendo.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170505150346/https://www.nintendo.com/consumer/systems/wii/en_na/channelsPhoto.jsp#photo1.1">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nintendo.com&rft.atitle=Nintendo+-+Customer+Service+-+Wii+-+Photo+Channel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nintendo.com%2Fconsumer%2Fsystems%2Fwii%2Fen_na%2FchannelsPhoto.jsp%23photo1.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Audio+Coding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developers.google.com/cast/docs/media">"Supported Media for Google Cast"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923004649/https://developers.google.com/cast/docs/media">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-09-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Supported+Media+for+Google+Cast&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevelopers.google.com%2Fcast%2Fdocs%2Fmedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Audio+Coding" class="Z3988"></span> | Supported Media for Google Cast</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/products/player_census/flashplayer/version_penetration.html">"Statistics - Adobe Flash runtimes"</a>. <i>www.adobe.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111002084030/http://www.adobe.com/products/player_census/flashplayer/version_penetration.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.adobe.com&rft.atitle=Statistics+-+Adobe+Flash+runtimes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.com%2Fproducts%2Fplayer_census%2Fflashplayer%2Fversion_penetration.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Audio+Coding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140821183435/http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pressreleases/200712/120407adobemoviestar.html">"Adobe Delivers Flash Player 9 with H.264 Video Support"</a>. <i>Adobe press release</i>. 2007-12-04. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pressreleases/200712/120407adobemoviestar.html">the original</a> on 2014-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adobe+press+release&rft.atitle=Adobe+Delivers+Flash+Player+9+with+H.264+Video+Support&rft.date=2007-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.adobe.com%2Faboutadobe%2Fpressroom%2Fpressreleases%2F200712%2F120407adobemoviestar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Audio+Coding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070408201732/http://www.xbox.com/en-US/support/systemuse/xbox360/digitalmedia/ipod.htm">"Xbox.com | System Use - Use an Apple iPod with Xbox 360"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xbox.com/en-US/support/systemuse/xbox360/digitalmedia/ipod.htm">the original</a> on April 8, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Xbox.com+%26%23124%3B+System+Use+-+Use+an+Apple+iPod+with+Xbox+360&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xbox.com%2Fen-US%2Fsupport%2Fsystemuse%2Fxbox360%2Fdigitalmedia%2Fipod.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Audio+Coding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nero.com/eng/downloads-nerodigital-nero-aac-codec.php">"Nero Platinum 2018 Suite - Award-winning all-rounder"</a>. <i>Nero AG</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121214011559/http://www.nero.com/eng/downloads-nerodigital-nero-aac-codec.php">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nero+AG&rft.atitle=Nero+Platinum+2018+Suite+-+Award-winning+all-rounder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nero.com%2Feng%2Fdownloads-nerodigital-nero-aac-codec.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Audio+Coding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.audiocoding.com/faac.html">"FAAC"</a>. <i>AudioCoding.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091211205237/http://www.audiocoding.com/faac.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-12-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AudioCoding.com&rft.atitle=FAAC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.audiocoding.com%2Ffaac.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Audio+Coding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.audiocoding.com/faad2.html">"FAAD2"</a>. <i>AudioCoding.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091211215311/http://www.audiocoding.com/faad2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-12-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AudioCoding.com&rft.atitle=FAAD2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.audiocoding.com%2Ffaad2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Audio+Coding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ffmpeg.org/index.html#aac_encoder_stable">"December 5th, 2015, The native FFmpeg AAC encoder is now stable!"</a>. <i>ffmpeg.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160716124052/http://ffmpeg.org/index.html#aac_encoder_stable">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ffmpeg.org&rft.atitle=December+5th%2C+2015%2C+The+native+FFmpeg+AAC+encoder+is+now+stable%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fffmpeg.org%2Findex.html%23aac_encoder_stable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Audio+Coding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ffmpegdoc-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ffmpegdoc_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ffmpegdoc_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/AAC#fdk_aac">"FFmpeg AAC Encoding Guide"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417000546/http://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/AAC#fdk_aac">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2016</span>. <q>Which encoder provides the best quality? ... the likely answer is: libfdk_aac</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FFmpeg+AAC+Encoding+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrac.ffmpeg.org%2Fwiki%2FEncode%2FAAC%23fdk_aac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Audio+Coding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160420213129/https://wiki.libav.org/Encoding/aac">"Libav Wiki - Encoding AAC"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.libav.org/Encoding/aac">the original</a> on 2016-04-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Libav+Wiki+-+Encoding+AAC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.libav.org%2FEncoding%2Faac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAdvanced+Audio+Coding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advanced_Audio_Coding&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/en/bf/amm/produkte/audiocodec.html">Fraunhofer audio codecs</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.audiocoding.com/">AudioCoding.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060825230111/http://www.audiocoding.com/">Archived</a> 2006-08-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – home of FAAC and FAAD2</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/">Official MPEG web site</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AAC_profiles.svg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:AAC profiles.svg">AAC improvements and extensions (2004)</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3016">3016</a> - RTP Payload Format for MPEG-4 Audio/Visual Streams</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3640">3640</a> - RTP Payload Format for Transport of MPEG-4 Elementary Streams</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4281">4281</a> - The Codecs Parameter for "Bucket" Media Types</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc4337">4337</a> - MIME Type Registration for MPEG-4</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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id="Multimedia_compression_and_container_formats" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">Multimedia</a> <a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">compression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Container_format_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container format (computing)">container</a> formats</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">Video<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">DV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG" title="Motion JPEG">MJPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">Motion JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">Part 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">MPEG-4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">Part 2 / ASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" class="mw-redirect" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">Part 10 / AVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_IVC" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 IVC">Part 33 / IVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">MPEG-H</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">Part 2 / HEVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MPEG-I (page does not exist)">MPEG-I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">Part 3 / VVC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-5" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-5">MPEG-5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">Part 1 / EVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">Part 2 / LCEVC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_Coding_Experts_Group" title="Video Coding Experts Group">VCEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H.120" title="H.120">H.120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.261" title="H.261">H.261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">H.262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.263" title="H.263">H.263</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264 / AVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">H.265 / HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266 / VVC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirac_(video_compression_format)" title="Dirac (video compression format)">VC-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avid_DNxHD" title="Avid DNxHD">VC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CineForm" title="CineForm">VC-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC-6" title="VC-6">VC-6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies" title="On2 Technologies">TrueMotion</a> and AOMedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/On2_Technologies#TrueMotion_S" title="On2 Technologies">TrueMotion S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP3" title="VP3">VP3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP6" title="VP6">VP6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP7" class="mw-redirect" title="VP7">VP7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP8" title="VP8">VP8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VP9" title="VP9">VP9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Chinese Standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS1 P2/AVS+</a>(GB/T 20090.2/16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2 P2</a>(GB/T 33475.2,GY/T 299.1) <ul><li>HDR Vivid(GY/T 358)</li></ul></li> <li>AVS3 P2(GY/T 368)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Video" title="Apple Video">Apple Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bink_Video" title="Bink Video">Bink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinepak" title="Cinepak">Cinepak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daala" title="Daala">Daala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Interactive" title="Digital Video Interactive">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FFV1" title="FFV1">FFV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huffyuv" title="Huffyuv">Huffyuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indeo" title="Indeo">Indeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagarith" title="Lagarith">Lagarith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Video_1" title="Microsoft Video 1">Microsoft Video 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSU_Lossless_Video_Codec" title="MSU Lossless Video Codec">MSU Lossless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMS_Video" title="OMS Video">OMS Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixlet" title="Pixlet">Pixlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProRes" title="Apple ProRes">ProRes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ProRes_422" class="mw-redirect" title="ProRes 422">422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProRes_4444" class="mw-redirect" title="ProRes 4444">4444</a></li></ul></li> <li>QuickTime <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_Animation" title="QuickTime Animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_Graphics" title="QuickTime Graphics">Graphics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealVideo" title="RealVideo">RealVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVideo" title="RTVideo">RTVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SheerVideo" title="SheerVideo">SheerVideo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smacker_video" title="Smacker video">Smacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorenson_Media" title="Sorenson Media">Sorenson Video/Spark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theora" title="Theora">Theora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(video_codec)" title="Thor (video codec)">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ut_Video_Codec_Suite" title="Ut Video Codec Suite">Ut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Video" title="Windows Media Video">WMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RatDVD" title="RatDVD">XEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YULS" title="YULS">YULS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">Audio<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Layer II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">Multichannel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_I" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer I">MPEG-1 Layer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAC-LD" title="AAC-LD">AAC-LD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Surround" title="MPEG Surround">MPEG Surround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Lossless_Coding" title="Audio Lossless Coding">MPEG-4 ALS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_SLS" title="MPEG-4 SLS">MPEG-4 SLS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Audio_CD#DST" title="Super Audio CD">MPEG-4 DST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonic_Vector_Excitation_Coding" title="Harmonic Vector Excitation Coding">MPEG-4 HVXC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Code-excited linear prediction">MPEG-4 CELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Speech_and_Audio_Coding" title="Unified Speech and Audio Coding">MPEG-D USAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G.711" title="G.711">G.711</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-law_algorithm" title="A-law algorithm">A-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-law_algorithm" title="Μ-law algorithm">µ-law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.718" title="G.718">G.718</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.719" title="G.719">G.719</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.722" title="G.722">G.722</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.722.1" title="G.722.1">G.722.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_Wideband" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband">G.722.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.723" title="G.723">G.723</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.723.1" title="G.723.1">G.723.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.726" title="G.726">G.726</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.728" title="G.728">G.728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.729" title="G.729">G.729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.729.1" title="G.729.1">G.729.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opus_(audio_format)" title="Opus (audio format)">Opus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Low_Bitrate_Codec" title="Internet Low Bitrate Codec">iLBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speex" title="Speex">Speex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorbis" title="Vorbis">Vorbis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLAC" title="FLAC">FLAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_audio_codec" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate audio codec">AMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Multi-Rate_Wideband" title="Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband">AMR-WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Adaptive_Multi-Rate_%E2%80%93_Wideband" title="Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate – Wideband">AMR-WB+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Variable_Rate_Codec" title="Enhanced Variable Rate Codec">EVRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Variable_Rate_Codec_B" title="Enhanced Variable Rate Codec B">EVRC-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Voice_Services" title="Enhanced Voice Services">EVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_Rate" title="Half Rate">GSM-HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Rate" title="Full Rate">GSM-FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_full_rate" title="Enhanced full rate">GSM-EFR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">AC-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_AC-4" title="Dolby AC-4">AC-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Bluetooth_Special_Interest_Group" title="Bluetooth Special Interest Group">Bluetooth SIG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SBC_(codec)" title="SBC (codec)">SBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LC3_(codec)" title="LC3 (codec)">LC3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Chinese Standard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#First_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS1 P10</a>(GB/T 20090.10)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Standard#Second_generation" title="Audio Video Standard">AVS2 P3</a>(GB/T 33475.3) <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audio_Vivid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Audio Vivid (page does not exist)">Audio Vivid</a>(GY/T 363)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Resolution_Adaptation" title="Dynamic Resolution Adaptation">DRA</a>(GB/T 22726)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L2HC" title="L2HC">L2HC</a></li> <li>ExAC(SJ/T 11299.4)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Algebraic code-excited linear prediction">ACELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lossless_Audio_Codec" title="Apple Lossless Audio Codec">ALAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asao_(codec)" title="Asao (codec)">Asao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Transform_Acoustic_Coding" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding">ATRAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CELT" title="CELT">CELT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codec_2" title="Codec 2">Codec 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speech_Audio_Codec" title="Internet Speech Audio Codec">iSAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyra_(codec)" title="Lyra (codec)">Lyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed-excitation_linear_prediction" title="Mixed-excitation linear prediction">MELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey%27s_Audio" title="Monkey's Audio">Monkey's Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT9" title="MT9">MT9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musepack" title="Musepack">Musepack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OptimFROG" title="OptimFROG">OptimFROG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Sound_Quality" title="Original Sound Quality">OSQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Qualcomm code-excited linear prediction">QCELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relaxed_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Relaxed code-excited linear prediction">RCELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealAudio" title="RealAudio">RealAudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTAudio" title="RTAudio">RTAudio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avid_Audio#Sound_Designer_file_formats" title="Avid Audio">SD2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorten_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Shorten file format">SHN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SILK" title="SILK">SILK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(codec)" title="Siren (codec)">Siren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selectable_Mode_Vocoder" title="Selectable Mode Vocoder">SMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVOPC" title="SVOPC">SVOPC</a></li> <li>TTA <ul><li>True Audio</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TwinVQ" title="TwinVQ">TwinVQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-Rate_Multimode_Wideband" title="Variable-Rate Multimode Wideband">VMR-WB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vector_sum_excited_linear_prediction" title="Vector sum excited linear prediction">VSELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WavPack" title="WavPack">WavPack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio" title="Windows Media Audio">WMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Quality_Authenticated" title="Master Quality Authenticated">MQA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX" title="AptX">aptX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_HD" title="AptX">aptX HD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_Low_Latency" title="AptX">aptX Low Latency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AptX#aptX_Adaptive" title="AptX">aptX Adaptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LDAC_(codec)" title="LDAC (codec)">LDAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHDC_(codec)" title="LHDC (codec)">LHDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LHDC_(codec)#LLAC" title="LHDC (codec)">LLAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">Image<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web_Consortium" title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joint_Photographic_Experts_Group" title="Joint Photographic Experts Group">JPEG</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_4_compression" title="Group 4 compression">CCITT Group 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format#HEIC:_HEVC_in_HEIF" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">HEIC / HEIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding#Main_Still_Picture" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">HEVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">JBIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG2" title="JBIG2">JBIG2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG-LS" class="mw-redirect" title="JPEG-LS">JPEG-LS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">JPEG XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">JPEG XR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">JPEG XS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XT" title="JPEG XT">JPEG XT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF" title="TIFF">TIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">TIFF/EP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/IT" class="mw-redirect" title="TIFF/IT">TIFF/IT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APNG" title="APNG">APNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIF" title="AVIF">AVIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DjVu" title="DjVu">DjVu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenEXR" title="OpenEXR">EXR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Lossless_Image_Format" title="Free Lossless Image Format">FLIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICER_(file_format)" title="ICER (file format)">ICER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-image_Network_Graphics" title="Multiple-image Network Graphics">MNG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Graphics_File" title="Progressive Graphics File">PGF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QOI_(image_format)" title="QOI (image format)">QOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR">QTVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol_Bitmap_Format" title="Wireless Application Protocol Bitmap Format">WBMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebP" title="WebP">WebP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_container_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital container format">Containers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">IEC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_elementary_stream" title="MPEG elementary stream">MPEG-ES</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Packetized_elementary_stream" title="Packetized elementary stream">MPEG-PES</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">MPEG-PS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">MPEG-TS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_base_media_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC base media file format">ISO/IEC base media file format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_14" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 Part 14">MPEG-4 Part 14</a> (MP4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">Motion JPEG 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">MPEG-21 Part 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_media_transport" title="MPEG media transport">MPEG media transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/ITU-T" title="ITU-T">ITU-T</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2#Systems" title="MPEG-2">H.222.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">T.802</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol" title="Real-time Transport Protocol">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogg" title="Ogg">Ogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Motion_Picture_and_Television_Engineers" title="Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers">SMPTE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Exchange_Format" title="General Exchange Format">GXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_Exchange_Format" title="Material Exchange Format">MXF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3GP_and_3G2" title="3GP and 3G2">3GP and 3G2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMV_video_format" title="AMV video format">AMV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Systems_Format" title="Advanced Systems Format">ASF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Interchange_File_Format" title="Audio Interchange File Format">AIFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_Video_Interleave" title="Audio Video Interleave">AVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Au_file_format" title="Au file format">AU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Better_Portable_Graphics" title="Better Portable Graphics">BPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bink_Video" title="Bink Video">Bink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smacker_video" title="Smacker video">Smacker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMP_file_format" title="BMP file format">BMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DivX#DivX_Media_Format_(DMF)" title="DivX">DivX Media Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_VOB" title="Enhanced VOB">EVO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_Video" title="Flash Video">Flash Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">HEIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_File_Format" title="Interchange File Format">IFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.m2ts" title=".m2ts">M2TS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matroska" title="Matroska">Matroska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WebM" title="WebM">WebM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickTime_File_Format" title="QuickTime File Format">QuickTime File Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RatDVD" title="RatDVD">RatDVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealMedia" title="RealMedia">RealMedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Interchange_File_Format" title="Resource Interchange File Format">RIFF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WAV" title="WAV">WAV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOD_and_TOD" title="MOD and TOD">MOD and TOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOB" title="VOB">VOB, IFO and BUP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NETVC" title="NETVC">NETVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_LA" title="MPEG LA">MPEG LA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Open_Media" title="Alliance for Open Media">Alliance for Open Media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Methods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entropy_encoding" class="mw-redirect" title="Entropy encoding">Entropy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arithmetic_coding" title="Arithmetic coding">Arithmetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huffman_coding" title="Huffman coding">Huffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_Huffman_coding" title="Modified Huffman coding">Modified</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_predictive_coding" title="Linear predictive coding">LPC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algebraic_code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Algebraic code-excited linear prediction">ACELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-excited_linear_prediction" title="Code-excited linear prediction">CELP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_spectral_pairs" title="Line spectral pairs">LSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warped_linear_predictive_coding" title="Warped linear predictive coding">WLPC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossless_compression" title="Lossless compression">Lossless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lossy_compression" title="Lossy compression">Lossy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LZ77_and_LZ78" title="LZ77 and LZ78">LZ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DEFLATE" class="mw-redirect" title="DEFLATE">DEFLATE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lempel%E2%80%93Ziv%E2%80%93Welch" title="Lempel–Ziv–Welch">LZW</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation" title="Pulse-code modulation">PCM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-law_algorithm" title="A-law algorithm">A-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9C-law_algorithm" title="Μ-law algorithm">µ-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_differential_pulse-code_modulation" title="Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation">ADPCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Differential_pulse-code_modulation" title="Differential pulse-code modulation">DPCM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transform_coding" title="Transform coding">Transforms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_Fourier_transform" title="Fast Fourier transform">FFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_discrete_cosine_transform" title="Modified discrete cosine transform">MDCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavelet" title="Wavelet">Wavelet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daubechies_wavelet" title="Daubechies wavelet">Daubechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_wavelet_transform" title="Discrete wavelet transform">DWT</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_audio_coding_formats" title="Comparison of audio coding formats">Comparison of audio coding formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_video_codecs" title="Comparison of video codecs">Comparison of video codecs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_codecs" title="List of codecs">List of codecs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See <a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_methods" title="Template:Compression methods">Compression methods</a> for techniques and <a href="/wiki/Template:Compression_software" title="Template:Compression software">Compression software</a> for codecs</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="MPEG_(Moving_Picture_Experts_Group)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MPEG" title="Template:MPEG"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MPEG" title="Template talk:MPEG"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MPEG" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MPEG"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="MPEG_(Moving_Picture_Experts_Group)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_Group" title="Moving Picture Experts Group">MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-size:115%;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">MPEG-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-3" title="MPEG-3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">A</a></li> <li>B</li> <li>C</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">D</a></li> <li>E</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">G</a></li> <li>V</li> <li>M</li> <li>U</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">H</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MPEG-I (page does not exist)">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-5" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-5">5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-1 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Part 1: Systems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">Program stream</a></li></ul></li> <li>Part 2: Video <ul><li>based on <a href="/wiki/H.261" title="H.261">H.261</a></li></ul></li> <li>Part 3: Audio <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_I" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer I">Layer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">Layer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">Layer III</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-2 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Part 1: Systems (H.222.0) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_transport_stream" title="MPEG transport stream">Transport stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_program_stream" title="MPEG program stream">Program stream</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.262/MPEG-2_Part_2" title="H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2">Part 2: Video (H.262)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2_Part_3" title="MPEG-2 Part 3">Part 3: Audio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_I" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer I">Layer I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2_Audio_Layer_II" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-2 Audio Layer II">Layer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">Layer III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Multichannel" title="MPEG Multichannel">MPEG Multichannel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSM_CC" title="DSM CC">Part 6: DSM CC</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Part 7: Advanced Audio Coding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-4 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">Part 2: Video</a> <ul><li>based on <a href="/wiki/H.263" title="H.263">H.263</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">Part 3: Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivery_Multimedia_Integration_Framework" title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework">Part 6: DMIF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">Part 10: Advanced Video Coding (H.264)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_11" title="MPEG-4 Part 11">Part 11: Scene description</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">Part 12: ISO base media file format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_14" class="mw-redirect" title="MPEG-4 Part 14">Part 14: MP4 file format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_17" title="MPEG-4 Part 17">Part 17: Streaming text format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_20" title="MPEG-4 Part 20">Part 20: LASeR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Font_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Font Format">Part 22: Open Font Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Video_Coding" title="Internet Video Coding">Part 33: Internet Video Coding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-7 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Description_Definition_Language" title="Description Definition Language">Part 2: Description definition language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-21 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Item" title="Digital Item">Parts 2, 3 and 9: Digital Item</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_Expression_Language" title="Rights Expression Language">Part 5: Rights Expression Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-D Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_Surround" title="MPEG Surround">Part 1: MPEG Surround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Speech_and_Audio_Coding" title="Unified Speech and Audio Coding">Part 3: Unified Speech and Audio Coding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-G Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 1: Transport and Storage of Genomic Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 2: Coding of Genomic Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 3: APIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 4: Reference Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">Part 5: Conformance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-H Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG_media_transport" title="MPEG media transport">Part 1: MPEG media transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">Part 2: High Efficiency Video Coding (H.265)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H_3D_Audio" title="MPEG-H 3D Audio">Part 3: MPEG-H 3D Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Image_File_Format" title="High Efficiency Image File Format">Part 12: High Efficiency Image File Format</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-I Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">Part 3: Versatile Video Coding (H.266)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MPEG-5 Parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">Part 1: Essential Video Coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">Part 2: Low Complexity Enhancement Video Coding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP" title="Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP">MPEG-DASH</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="High-definition_(HD)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:High-definition" title="Template:High-definition"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:High-definition" title="Template talk:High-definition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:High-definition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:High-definition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="High-definition_(HD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">High-definition (HD)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">High-definition television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-definition_video" title="High-definition video">High-definition video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">Ultra-high-definition television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resolutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/720p" title="720p">720p (HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080i" title="1080i">1080i (Full HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1080p" title="1080p">1080p (Full HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1440p" title="1440p">1440p (Quad HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4K_resolution" title="4K resolution">2160p (4K Ultra HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8K_resolution" title="8K resolution">4320p (8K Ultra HD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16K_resolution" title="16K resolution">8640p (16K Ultra HD)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">Analog broadcast</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(All defunct)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analog_high-definition_television_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog high-definition television system">819 line system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiplexed_Analogue_Components" title="Multiplexed Analogue Components">HD MAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_sub-Nyquist_sampling_encoding" title="Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding">MUSE (Hi-Vision)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital broadcast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATSC_standards" title="ATSC standards">ATSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Terrestrial_Multimedia_Broadcast" title="Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast">DMB-T/H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Video_Broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Video Broadcasting">DVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">SBTVD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Digital" title="Dolby Digital">Dolby Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">Surround sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Stream_Digital" title="Direct Stream Digital">DSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_eXtreme_Definition" title="Digital eXtreme Definition">DXD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTS_(sound_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="DTS (sound system)">DTS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Filming and storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Cinema_Initiatives" title="Digital Cinema Initiatives">DCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDV" title="HDV">HDV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High-definition_pre-recorded_media_and_compression" title="High-definition pre-recorded media and compression">HD media and<br />compression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archival_Disc" title="Archival Disc">Archival Disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV1" title="AV1">AV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Blue_High-definition_Disc" title="China Blue High-definition Disc">CBHD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-VHS" title="D-VHS">D-VHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVD-Audio" title="DVD-Audio">DVD-Audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">H.264</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Efficiency_Video_Coding" title="High Efficiency Video Coding">H.265</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">H.266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_DVD" title="HD DVD">HD DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Multilayer_Disc" title="Versatile Multilayer Disc">HD VMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">MPEG-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laserdisc#MUSE_LD" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserdisc">MUSE LaserDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiview_Video_Coding" title="Multiview Video Coding">MVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Audio_CD" title="Super Audio CD">Super Audio CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_HD_Blu-ray" title="Ultra HD Blu-ray">Ultra HD Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncompressed_video" title="Uncompressed video">Uncompressed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VC-1" title="VC-1">VC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W-VHS" title="W-VHS">W-VHS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Component_video" title="Component video">Component</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DisplayPort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Visual_Interface" title="Digital Visual Interface">DVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HDMI" title="HDMI">HDMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VGA_connector" title="VGA connector">VGA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deployments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_digital_television_deployments_by_country" title="List of digital television deployments by country">List of digital television deployments by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Analog_and_digital_audio_broadcasting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Audio_broadcasting" title="Template:Audio broadcasting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Audio_broadcasting" title="Template talk:Audio broadcasting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Audio_broadcasting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Audio broadcasting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Analog_and_digital_audio_broadcasting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Analog_recording" title="Analog recording">Analog</a> and <a href="/wiki/Digital_audio" title="Digital audio">digital audio</a> <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">broadcasting</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terrestrial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">Radio</a> <a href="/wiki/Modulation" title="Modulation">modulation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amplitude_modulation" title="Amplitude modulation">AM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing">COFDM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frequency_allocation" title="Frequency allocation">Frequency allocations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longwave" title="Longwave">LW</a> (<a href="/wiki/Low_frequency" title="Low frequency">LF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_wave" title="Medium wave">MW</a> (<a href="/wiki/Medium_frequency" title="Medium frequency">MF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortwave_radio" title="Shortwave radio">SW</a> (<a href="/wiki/High_frequency" title="High frequency">HF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very_high_frequency" title="Very high frequency">VHF</a> (<a href="/wiki/Band_I" title="Band I">low</a> / <a href="/wiki/Band_II" title="Band II">mid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Band_III" title="Band III">high</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_band" title="L band">L band</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ultra_high_frequency" title="Ultra high frequency">UHF</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CAM-D" title="CAM-D">CAM-D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting" title="Digital Audio Broadcasting">DAB/DAB+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Radio_Mondiale" title="Digital Radio Mondiale">DRM/DRM+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISDB-T#ISDB-Tsb" class="mw-redirect" title="ISDB-T">ISDB-Tsb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FMeXtra" title="FMeXtra">FMeXtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_Radio" title="HD Radio">HD Radio</a></li> <li>CDR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-T2" title="DVB-T2">DVB-T2 Lite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellite</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency allocations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C_band_(IEEE)" title="C band (IEEE)">C band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_band" title="Ku band">K<sub>u</sub> band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L_band" title="L band">L band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_band" title="S band">S band</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astra_Digital_Radio" title="Astra Digital Radio">ADR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital audio broadcasting">DAB-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DVB-SH" title="DVB-SH">DVB-SH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-DMB" title="S-DMB">S-DMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ETSI_Satellite_Digital_Radio" title="ETSI Satellite Digital Radio">SDR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_broadcasting" title="Commercial broadcasting">Commercial radio</a> providers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM" title="Sirius XM">Sirius XM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sirius_XM_Canada" title="Sirius XM Canada">Canada</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Audio_codec" title="Audio codec">Codecs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Adaptive_Multi-Rate_%E2%80%93_Wideband" title="Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate – Wideband">AMR-WB+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Definition_Coding" title="High-Definition Coding">HDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-Efficiency_Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding">HE-AAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1_Audio_Layer_II" title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer II">MPEG-1 Audio Layer II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Resolution_Adaptation" title="Dynamic Resolution Adaptation">DRA+</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subcarrier" title="Subcarrier">Subcarrier</a> signals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amplitude_modulation_signalling_system" title="Amplitude modulation signalling system">AMSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectBand" title="DirectBand">DirectBand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program-associated_data" title="Program-associated data">PAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Data_System" title="Radio Data System">RDS/RBDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary_communications_authority" title="Subsidiary communications authority">SCA/SCMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Radio_Channel" title="Data Radio Channel">DARC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical (audio)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_data_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio data compression">Audio data compression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audio_signal_processing" title="Audio signal processing">Audio signal processing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical (<a href="/wiki/AM_stereo" title="AM stereo">AM stereo</a> formats)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AM_stereo#Belar_System" title="AM stereo">Belar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-QUAM" title="C-QUAM">C-QUAM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM_stereo#Harris_System" title="AM stereo">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM_stereo#Kahn-Hazeltine" title="AM stereo">Kahn-Hazeltine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM_stereo#Magnavox_System" title="AM stereo">Magnavox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical (emission)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM_expanded_band" title="AM expanded band">AM expanded band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_radio" title="Cable radio">Cable radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">Digital radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction" title="Error detection and correction">Error detection and correction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcast_band" title="FM broadcast band">FM broadcast band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting" title="FM broadcasting">FM broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_extended_band_in_Brazil" title="FM extended band in Brazil">FM extended band in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multipath_propagation" title="Multipath propagation">Multipath propagation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortwave_relay_station" title="Shortwave relay station">Shortwave relay station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">History of radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_broadcasting" title="International broadcasting">International broadcasting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Radio_icon.png" decoding="async" 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