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id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S._metropolitan_areas_with_significant_Asian_Indian_populations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._metropolitan_areas_with_significant_Asian_Indian_populations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 U.S. metropolitan areas with significant Asian Indian populations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._metropolitan_areas_with_significant_Asian_Indian_populations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States/territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States/territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 States/territories </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States/territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_communities_by_number_of_Asian_Indians_(as_of_the_2010_census)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_communities_by_number_of_Asian_Indians_(as_of_the_2010_census)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 List of communities by number of Asian Indians (as of the 2010 census) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_communities_by_number_of_Asian_Indians_(as_of_the_2010_census)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socioeconomic_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socioeconomic_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Socioeconomic status </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socioeconomic_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Income" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Income"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Income </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Income-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hindus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hindus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8.1 Hindus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hindus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sikhs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikhs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8.2 Sikhs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sikhs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8.3 Jains </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muslims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muslims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8.4 Muslims </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muslims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8.5 Christians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8.6 Others </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deepavali/Diwali,_Eid/Ramadan_as_school_holidays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deepavali/Diwali,_Eid/Ramadan_as_school_holidays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8.7 Deepavali/Diwali, Eid/Ramadan as school holidays </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deepavali/Diwali,_Eid/Ramadan_as_school_holidays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.8.8 Ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linguistic_affiliation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguistic_affiliation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Linguistic affiliation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linguistic_affiliation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Culture and technology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_technology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture and technology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Food_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food_companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Food companies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food_companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Indian_Americans_in_the_Business_and_technology_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Indian_Americans_in_the_Business_and_technology_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Notable Indian Americans in the Business and technology industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Indian_Americans_in_the_Business_and_technology_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indian_Independence_Day_Parade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indian_Independence_Day_Parade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Indian Independence Day Parade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indian_Independence_Day_Parade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sikh_Day_Vaisakhi_Parade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sikh_Day_Vaisakhi_Parade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1 Sikh Day Vaisakhi Parade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sikh_Day_Vaisakhi_Parade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Progress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Progress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Progress </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Progress-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Progress subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Progress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Timeline </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Classification </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Current issues </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Current issues subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Current_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Discrimination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discrimination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Discrimination </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discrimination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citizenship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citizenship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Citizenship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citizenship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Marriage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Income_disparities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Income_disparities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Income disparities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Income_disparities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illegal_immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illegal_immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Illegal immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illegal_immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Indian Americans</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" > 22 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="الهنود في الولايات المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الهنود في الولايات المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="ভারতীয় মার্কিন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারতীয় মার্কিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indische_Amerikaner" title="Indische Amerikaner – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indische Amerikaner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Am%C3%A9ricains" title="Indo-Américains – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Indo-Américains" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF_%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B" title="ભારતીય અમેરિકનો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભારતીય અમેરિકનો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84%EA%B3%84_%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B8" title="인도계 미국인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도계 미국인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="भारतीय-अमेरिकी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारतीय-अमेरिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_India_Amerika" title="Orang India Amerika – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang India Amerika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-americani" title="Indo-americani – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Indo-americani" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95" title="अमेरिकेतील भारतीय वंशाचे लोक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अमेरिकेतील भारतीय वंशाचे लोक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_India_Amerika" title="Orang India Amerika – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang India Amerika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Qo%E2%80%98shma_Shtatlaridagi_hindlar" title="Amerika Qo‘shma Shtatlaridagi hindlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amerika Qo‘shma Shtatlaridagi hindlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerykanie_pochodzenia_hinduskiego" title="Amerykanie pochodzenia hinduskiego – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amerykanie pochodzenia hinduskiego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCD" title="ABCD – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="ABCD" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Индийцы в США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индийцы в США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Indian Americans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanintialaiset" title="Amerikanintialaiset – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Asian Indians" redirects here. For people from India, see <a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indian people</a>. For people from the Indian subcontinent, see <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_South_Asia" title="Ethnic groups in South Asia">Ethnic groups in South Asia</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans in the United States</a> or <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Indian Americans</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_American_diaspora_in_2020_by_state_or_territory.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Indian_American_diaspora_in_2020_by_state_or_territory.svg/220px-Indian_American_diaspora_in_2020_by_state_or_territory.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Indian_American_diaspora_in_2020_by_state_or_territory.svg/330px-Indian_American_diaspora_in_2020_by_state_or_territory.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Indian_American_diaspora_in_2020_by_state_or_territory.svg/440px-Indian_American_diaspora_in_2020_by_state_or_territory.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Square_JC_jeh.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/India_Square_JC_jeh.JPG/220px-India_Square_JC_jeh.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/India_Square_JC_jeh.JPG/330px-India_Square_JC_jeh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/India_Square_JC_jeh.JPG/440px-India_Square_JC_jeh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2042" data-file-height="1684" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/India_Square" title="India Square">India Square</a>, in the heart of <a href="/wiki/Bombay,_Jersey_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay, Jersey City">Bombay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey#Demographics" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, home to one of the highest concentrations of Asian Indians in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> is one of at least 24 Indian-American enclaves characterized as a <a href="/wiki/Little_India" title="Little India">Little India</a> which have emerged in the <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_area" title="Indians in the New York City metropolitan area">New York City Metropolitan Area</a>, with the largest metropolitan Indian population outside <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, as large-scale immigration from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> continues into <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Immigrants2014est-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Immigrants2013est-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Immigrants2012est-4">[4]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">5,160,203 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-ACS_2023-5">[5]</a> 1.47% of the U.S. population (2023) </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a> • <a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Baltimore_combined_statistical_area" title="Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area">Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area</a> • <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Greater Philadelphia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a> • <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta metropolitan area">Atlanta metropolitan area</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago metropolitan area</a> • <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Ohio" title="Northeast Ohio">Cleveland-Akron metropolitan area</a> • <a href="/wiki/Miami_metropolitan_area" title="Miami metropolitan area">Miami metropolitan area</a> • <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_metropolitan_area" title="Indianapolis metropolitan area">Indianapolis metropolitan area</a> • <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_metropolitan_area" title="Milwaukee metropolitan area">Milwaukee metropolitan area</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex</a> • <a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Greater Houston</a> • <a href="/wiki/Research_Triangle" title="Research Triangle">Research Triangle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Greater_Orlando" title="Greater Orlando">Greater Orlando</a> • <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_metropolitan_area" title="Phoenix metropolitan area">Phoenix metropolitan area</a> • <a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Greater_Pittsburgh_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Pittsburgh Region">Greater Pittsburgh Region</a> • <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles</a>• <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Minneapolis–Saint Paul</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego County</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_metropolitan_area" title="Charlotte metropolitan area">Charlotte metropolitan area</a> • <a href="/wiki/Denver_metropolitan_area" title="Denver metropolitan area">Denver metropolitan area</a> • <a href="/wiki/Columbus_metropolitan_area,_Ohio" title="Columbus metropolitan area, Ohio">Columbus metropolitan area, Ohio</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_metropolitan_area" title="Cincinnati metropolitan area">Cincinnati metropolitan area</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_area" title="Tampa Bay area">Tampa Bay area</a> • <a href="/wiki/Greater_St._Louis" title="Greater St. Louis">Greater St. Louis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas Valley</a> • <a href="/wiki/Seattle_metropolitan_area" title="Seattle metropolitan area">Seattle metropolitan area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> • <a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">Indian English</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a> • <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> • <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a> • <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a> • other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Indian_subcontinent" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Indian subcontinent">Indian languages</a><a href="#cite_note-2006AmericanCommunitySurvey-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Telugu_US-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-2020Census-8">[8]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">48% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">Hinduism</a> 15% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christianity</a> 8% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam in United States">Islam</a> 8% <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_States" title="Sikhism in the United States">Sikhism</a> 3% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Other religion</a> 18% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">No religion</a><a href="#cite_note-asianreligion-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_Americans" title="Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean Americans</a> • <a href="/wiki/Indo-Fijians#Diaspora" title="Indo-Fijians">Indo-Fijian Americans</a> • <a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indian people</a> • other <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Americans" title="South Asian Americans">South Asian Americans</a> • <a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indian diaspora</a> • <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_diaspora" title="South Asian diaspora">South Asian diaspora</a> • <a href="/wiki/Indian_Canadians" title="Indian Canadians">Indian Canadians</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Indian Americans are people with ancestry from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> who are <a href="/wiki/U.S._citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. citizen">citizens</a> or <a href="/wiki/Green_card" title="Green card">permanent residents</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> or migrants of other types. The terms Asian Indian and East Indian are used to avoid confusion with <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans in the United States</a>, who are also referred to as "Indians" or "American Indians". With a population of more than 5.1 million, Indian Americans make up approximately 1.47% of the U.S. population and are the largest group of <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Americans" title="South Asian Americans">South Asian Americans</a>, the largest Asian-alone group,<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> and the second-largest group of <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a> after <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese Americans</a>. Indian Americans have the highest <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_the_United_States_by_household_income" title="List of ethnic groups in the United States by household income">Median Household Income</a> and the second highest <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_the_United_States_by_per_capita_income" title="List of ethnic groups in the United States by per capita income">Per Capita</a> Income (after Taiwanese) among other Asian ethnic groups working in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-:HighestEarningEthnicGroupInAmerica-11">[11]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology">edit</a>]</div> In the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, the term "Indians" had historically been used to describe <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">indigenous people</a> since <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonization</a> in the 15th century. Qualifying terms such as "<a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a>" and "East Indian" were and still are commonly used in order to avoid ambiguity. The U.S. government has since coined the term "Native American" in reference to the indigenous people of the United States, but terms such as "American Indian" <a href="/wiki/Native_American_name_controversy" title="Native American name controversy">remain</a> among indigenous as well as non-indigenous populations. Since the 1980s, Indian Americans have been categorized as "Asian Indian" (within the broader subgroup of <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian American</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> While "East Indian" remains in use, the term "Indian" and "<a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asian</a>" is often chosen instead for academic and governmental purposes.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Indian Americans are included in the census grouping of <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Americans" title="South Asian Americans">South Asian Americans</a>, which includes <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_Americans" title="Bangladeshi Americans">Bangladeshi Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_Americans" title="Bhutanese Americans">Bhutanese Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_Americans" title="Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maldivian_Americans" title="Maldivian Americans">Maldivian Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Americans" title="Nepalese Americans">Nepalese Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Americans" title="Pakistani Americans">Pakistani Americans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Americans" title="Sri Lankan Americans">Sri Lankan Americans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Asian_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Asian immigration to the United States">Asian immigration to the United States</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-1800">Pre-1800</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-1800">edit</a>]</div> Beginning in the 17th century, members of the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> would bring Indian servants to the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">American colonies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thakur-16">[16]</a> There were also some East Indian slaves in the United States during the American colonial era.<a href="#cite_note-indian_slaves-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-18">[18]</a> In particular, court records from the 1700s indicate a number of "East Indians" were held as slaves in Maryland and Delaware.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Upon freedom, they are said to have blended into the <a href="/wiki/Free_Negro" title="Free Negro">free African American population</a>, considered "<a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">mulattoes</a>".<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Three brothers from "modern day India or Pakistan" received their freedom in 1710 and married into a Native American tribe in Virginia.<a href="#cite_note-heinegg-21">[21]</a> The present-day <a href="/wiki/Nansemond" title="Nansemond">Nansemond</a> people trace their lineage to this intermarriage.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 19th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nansemond.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Nansemond.jpg/175px-Nansemond.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Nansemond.jpg/263px-Nansemond.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Nansemond.jpg/350px-Nansemond.jpg 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption>Members of the <a href="/wiki/Nansemond" title="Nansemond">Nansemond</a> tribe, descendant of East Indian, Native American, and African American people, c. 1900, Smithsonian Institution.</figcaption></figure> In 1850, the federal census of <a href="/wiki/St._Johns_County,_Florida" title="St. Johns County, Florida">St. Johns County, Florida</a>, listed a 40-year-old <a href="/wiki/Drafter" title="Drafter">draftsman</a> named John Dick, whose birthplace was listed as "<a href="/wiki/Hindustan" title="Hindustan">Hindostan</a>", living in city of <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> His race is listed as white, suggesting he was of British descent. By 1900, there were more than 2,000 Indian <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> living in the United States, primarily in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> At least one scholar has set the level lower, finding a total of 716 Indian immigrants to the U.S. between 1820 and 1900.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangaswamy200041-25">[25]</a> Emigration from India was driven by difficulties facing Indian farmers, including the challenges posed by the colonial <a href="/wiki/Land_tenure" title="Land tenure">land tenure</a> system for small landowners, and by <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">drought</a> and food shortages, which worsened in the 1890s. At the same time, Canadian steamship companies, acting on behalf of Pacific coast employers, recruited Sikh farmers with economic opportunities in <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangaswamy200042-26">[26]</a> The presence of Indians in the U.S. also helped develop interest in Eastern religions in the U.S. and would result in its influence on American philosophies such as <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">transcendentalism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Swami Vivekananda</a> arriving in Chicago at the World's Fair led to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Society" title="Vedanta Society">Vedanta Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangaswamy200041-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Sikh_Temple_in_Stockton,_California,_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Sikh_Temple_in_Stockton%2C_California%2C_1915.jpg/220px-The_Sikh_Temple_in_Stockton%2C_California%2C_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Sikh_Temple_in_Stockton%2C_California%2C_1915.jpg/330px-The_Sikh_Temple_in_Stockton%2C_California%2C_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/The_Sikh_Temple_in_Stockton%2C_California%2C_1915.jpg/440px-The_Sikh_Temple_in_Stockton%2C_California%2C_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="407" /></a><figcaption>The first Sikh Gurudwara was established in 1912 by the early immigrant Sikh farmers in Stockton, California.</figcaption></figure> Escaping from racist attacks in Canada, Sikhs migrated to Pacific Coast U.S. states in the 1900s to work in the <a href="/wiki/Lumber_mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumber mill">lumber mills</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bellingham,_Washington" title="Bellingham, Washington">Bellingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Everett,_Washington" title="Everett, Washington">Everett, Washington</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Sikh workers were later concentrated on the railroads and began migrating to California; around 2,000 Indians were employed by the major rail lines such as <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Pacific Railroad">Southern Pacific Railroad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Pacific_Railroad" title="Western Pacific Railroad">Western Pacific Railroad</a> between 1907 and 1908.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangaswamy200042–43-28">[28]</a> Some white Americans, resentful of economic competition and the arrival of people from different cultures, responded to Sikh immigration with racism and violent attacks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETakaki1998297-29">[29]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bellingham_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellingham riots">Bellingham riots</a> in Bellingham, Washington on September 5, 1907, epitomized the low tolerance in the U.S. for Indians and Sikhs, who were called "<a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindoos</a>" by locals. While anti-Asian racism was embedded in U.S. politics and culture in the early 20th century, Indians were also racialized for their anticolonialism, with U.S. officials, who pushed for Western imperial expansion abroad, casting them as a "Hindu" menace.<a href="#cite_note-Seema-30">[30]</a> Although labeled Hindu, the majority of Indians were Sikh.<a href="#cite_note-Seema-30">[30]</a> In the early 20th century, a range of state and federal laws restricted Indian immigration and the rights of Indian immigrants in the U.S. Throughout the 1910s, American nativist organizations campaigned to end immigration from India, culminating in the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1917" title="Immigration Act of 1917">Asiatic Barred Zone Act</a> in 1917.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETakaki1998297-29">[29]</a> In 1913, the Alien Land Act of California prevented non-citizens from owning land.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETakaki1998203,_300-31">[31]</a> However, Asian immigrants got around the system by having Anglo friends or their own U.S. born children legally own the land that they worked on. In some states, <a href="/wiki/Anti-miscegenation_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-miscegenation laws in the United States">anti-miscegenation laws</a> made it illegal for Indian men to marry white women. However, it was legal for "brown" races to mix. Many Indian men, especially Punjabi men, married Hispanic women, and Punjabi-Mexican marriages became a norm in the West.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETakaki1998309–310-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravortyKapurSingh201717-33">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bhicaji_Balsara" title="Bhicaji Balsara">Bhicaji Balsara</a> became the first known Indian to gain naturalized U.S. citizenship. As a <a href="/wiki/Parsis" title="Parsis">Parsi</a>, he was considered a "pure member of the Persian sect" and therefore a "free white person." In 1910, judge <a href="/wiki/Emile_Henry_Lacombe" title="Emile Henry Lacombe">Emile Henry Lacombe</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_District_of_New_York" title="Southern District of New York">Southern District of New York</a> gave Balsara citizenship on the hope that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="United States attorney">United States attorney</a> would indeed challenge his decision and appeal it to create "an authoritative interpretation" of the law. The U.S. attorney adhered to Lacombe's wishes and took the matter to the Circuit Court of Appeals in 1910. The Circuit Court of Appeals agreed that <a href="/wiki/Parsis" title="Parsis">Parsis</a> are classified as white.<a href="#cite_note-auto-34">[34]</a> On the same grounds, another federal court decision granted citizenship to <a href="/wiki/A._K._Mozumdar" title="A. K. Mozumdar">A. K. Mozumdar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETakaki1998298-35">[35]</a> These decisions contrasted with the 1907 declaration by U.S. Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles J. Bonaparte">Charles J. Bonaparte</a>: "...under no construction of the law can natives of British India be regarded as white persons."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETakaki1998298-35">[35]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1917" title="Immigration Act of 1917">Immigration Act of 1917</a>, Indian immigration into the U.S. decreased. Illegal entry through the Mexican border became the way of entering the country for Punjabi immigrants. California's Imperial Valley had a large population of Punjabis who assisted these immigrants and provided support. Immigrants were able to blend in with this relatively homogenous population. The <a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Movement" title="Ghadar Movement">Ghadar Party</a>, a group in California that <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">campaigned for Indian independence</a>, facilitated illegal crossing of the Mexican border, using funds from this migration "as a means to bolster the party's finances."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravortyKapurSingh201718-36">[36]</a> The Ghadar Party charged different prices for entering the U.S. depending on whether Punjabi immigrants were willing to shave off their beard and cut their hair. It is estimated that between 1920 and 1935, about 1,800 to 2,000 Indian immigrants entered the U.S. illegally.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravortyKapurSingh201718-36">[36]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhagatsinghthind.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bhagatsinghthind.jpg/170px-Bhagatsinghthind.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bhagatsinghthind.jpg/255px-Bhagatsinghthind.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Bhagatsinghthind.jpg/340px-Bhagatsinghthind.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh_Thind" title="Bhagat Singh Thind">Bhagat Singh Thind</a> was twice denied citizenship as he was not deemed white.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></figcaption></figure> By 1920, the population of Americans of Indian descent was approximately 6,400.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETakaki1998294-38">[38]</a> In 1923, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> ruled in <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Bhagat_Singh_Thind" title="United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind">United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind</a> that Indians were ineligible for citizenship because they were not "free white persons."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangaswamy200044-39">[39]</a> The court also argued that the "great body of our people" would reject assimilation with Indians.<a href="#cite_note-Thind-40">[40]</a> Furthermore, the court ruled that based on popular understanding of race, the term "white person" referred to people of northern or western European ancestry rather than "Caucasians" in the most technical sense.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETakaki1998299-41">[41]</a> Over fifty Indians had their citizenship revoked after this decision, but <a href="/wiki/Sakharam_Ganesh_Pandit" title="Sakharam Ganesh Pandit">Sakharam Ganesh Pandit</a> fought against <a href="/wiki/Denaturalization" title="Denaturalization">denaturalization</a>. He was a lawyer and married to a white American, and he regained his citizenship in 1927. However, no other naturalization was permitted after the ruling, which led to about 3,000 Indians leaving the U.S. between 1920 and 1940. Many other Indians had no means of returning to India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangaswamy200044-39">[39]</a> In 1927, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_diaspora" title="Sri Lankan diaspora">Sri Lankan</a> lecturer <a href="/wiki/Chandra_Dharma_Sena_Gooneratne" title="Chandra Dharma Sena Gooneratne">Chandra Dharma Sena Gooneratne</a>, then frequently erroneously referred to as Indian, delivered several lectures across the country pertaining chiefly to <a href="/wiki/Indology" title="Indology">indology</a>—often advocating for <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence</a> within them. While in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a>, though initially facing racism, effectively circumvented any such discrimination via wearing a <a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">turban</a>. Indians started moving up the social ladder by getting higher education. For example, in 1910, <a href="/wiki/Dhan_Gopal_Mukerji" title="Dhan Gopal Mukerji">Dhan Gopal Mukerji</a> went to UC Berkeley when he was 20 years old. He was an author of many children's books and won the <a href="/wiki/Newbery_Medal" title="Newbery Medal">Newbery Medal</a> in 1928 for his book Gay-Neck: The Story of a Pigeon.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> However, he committed suicide at the age of 46 while he was suffering from depression. Another student, <a href="/wiki/Yellapragada_Subbarow" title="Yellapragada Subbarow">Yellapragada Subbarow</a>, moved to the U.S. in 1922. He became a biochemist at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, and he "discovered the function of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source in cells, and developed methotrexate for the treatment of cancer." However, being a foreigner, he was refused tenure at Harvard. <a href="/wiki/Gobind_Behari_Lal" title="Gobind Behari Lal">Gobind Behari Lal</a>, who went to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> in 1912, became the science editor of the San Francisco Examiner and was the first Indian American to win the Pulitzer Prize for journalism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravortyKapurSingh201719-43">[43]</a> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, U.S. policy re-opened the door to Indian immigration, although slowly at first. The <a href="/wiki/Luce%E2%80%93Celler_Act" title="Luce–Celler Act">Luce–Celler Act</a> of 1946 permitted a quota of 100 Indians per year to immigrate to the U.S. It also allowed Indian immigrants to naturalize and become citizens of the U.S., effectively reversing the Supreme Court's 1923 ruling in United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The Naturalization Act of 1952, also known as the <a href="/wiki/McCarran-Walter_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="McCarran-Walter Act">McCarran-Walter Act</a>, repealed the Barred Zone Act of 1917, but limited immigration from the former Barred Zone to a total of 2,000 per year. In 1910, 95% of all Indian Americans lived on the western coast of the United States. In 1920, that proportion decreased to 75%; by 1940, it was 65%, as more Indian Americans moved to the East Coast. In that year, Indian Americans were registered residents in 43 states. The majority of Indian Americans on the west coast were in rural areas, but on the east coast they became residents of urban areas. In the 1940s, the prices of the land increased, and the Bracero program brought thousands of Mexican guest workers to work on farms, which helped shift second-generation Indian American farmers into "commercial, nonagricultural occupations, from running small shops and grocery stores, to operating taxi services and becoming engineers." In Stockton and Sacramento, a new group of Indian immigrants from the state of Gujarat opened several small hotels.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravortyKapurSingh2017335-45">[45]</a> In 1955, 14 of 21 hotels enterprises in San Francisco were operated by Gujarati Hindus.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> By the 1980s, Indians owned around 15,000 motels, about 28% of all hotels and motels in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETakaki1998446-47">[47]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965</a> dramatically opened entry to the U.S. to immigrants other than traditional Northern European groups, which would significantly alter the demographic mix in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Not all Indian Americans came directly from India; some moved to the U.S. via <a href="/wiki/Non-resident_Indian_and_person_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin">Indian communities in other countries</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, the former British colonies of <a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a>,<a href="#cite_note-auto1-49">[49]</a> (namely <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia-Pacific">Asia-Pacific</a> region (<a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>),<a href="#cite_note-auto1-49">[49]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> (<a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>).<a href="#cite_note-auto1-49">[49]</a> From 1965 until the mid-1990s, long-term immigration from India averaged about 40,000 people per year. From 1995 onward, the flow of Indian immigration increased significantly, reaching a high of about 90,000 immigrants in the year 2000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravortyKapurSingh201755-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bhardwaj_usn2001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bhardwaj_usn2001.jpg/130px-Bhardwaj_usn2001.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bhardwaj_usn2001.jpg/195px-Bhardwaj_usn2001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bhardwaj_usn2001.jpg/260px-Bhardwaj_usn2001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="652" data-file-height="1159" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mohini_Bhardwaj" title="Mohini Bhardwaj">Mohini Bhardwaj</a>, <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a> <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics">medalist in gymnastics</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sanjay_Gupta_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Sanjay_Gupta_%28cropped%29.jpg/130px-Sanjay_Gupta_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Sanjay_Gupta_%28cropped%29.jpg/195px-Sanjay_Gupta_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Sanjay_Gupta_%28cropped%29.jpg/260px-Sanjay_Gupta_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Gupta" title="Sanjay Gupta">Sanjay Gupta</a>, Chief Medical Correspondent at CNN</figcaption></figure> The beginning of the 21st century marked a significant wave in the migration trend from India to the United States. The <a href="/wiki/Business_process_outsourcing_to_India" title="Business process outsourcing to India">emergence of Information Technology industry in Indian cities</a> as <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a> led to the large number of migrations to the U.S. primarily from the states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu in South India. There are sizable populations of people from the states of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Indians comprise over 80% of all <a href="/wiki/H-1B_visa" title="H-1B visa">H-1B visas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Indian Americans have risen to become the richest ethnicity in America, with an average household income of $126,891, almost twice the U.S. average of $65,316.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Since 2000, a large number of students have started migrating to the United States to pursue higher education. A variety of estimates state that over 500,000 Indian American students attend higher-education institutions in any given year.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> As per Institute of International Education (IIE) 'Opendoors' report, 202,014 new students from India enrolled in U.S. education institutions.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> became the first Indian American senator in the history of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In 2021, she became the first Indian American vice president.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> She was elected vice president as the running mate of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 presidential election</a>. This was a major milestone in Indian American history, and in addition to Harris, another 20 Indian Americans were nominated to key positions in the administration.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_area" title="Indians in the New York City metropolitan area">Indians in the New York City metropolitan area</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Americans_with_Asian_Indian_Ancestry_by_state.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Americans_with_Asian_Indian_Ancestry_by_state.svg/300px-Americans_with_Asian_Indian_Ancestry_by_state.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Americans_with_Asian_Indian_Ancestry_by_state.svg/450px-Americans_with_Asian_Indian_Ancestry_by_state.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Americans_with_Asian_Indian_Ancestry_by_state.svg/600px-Americans_with_Asian_Indian_Ancestry_by_state.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>Percent of population with Indian ancestry in 2010. <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> stands alone demographically, comprising a population over 4% Indian in 2020.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,545</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,507</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,130</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,405</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−23.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">387,223</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+16000.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">815,447</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+110.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,645,510</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+101.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,843,391</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+72.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,397,737</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+54.7%</td></tr></tbody></table> According to the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 United States census</a>,<a href="#cite_note-factfinder2.census.gov-63">[63]</a> the Asian Indian population in the United States increased from almost 1,678,765 in 2000 (0.6% of U.S. population) to 2,843,391 in 2010 (0.9% of U.S. population), a <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Asian_Americans" title="Demographics of Asian Americans">growth rate of 69.37%</a>, one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area</a>, consisting of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, and adjacent areas within <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, as well as nearby areas within the states of <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> (extending to <a href="/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a>), <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> (extending to <a href="/wiki/Bridgeport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridgeport">Bridgeport</a>), and including <a href="/wiki/Pike_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Pike County, Pennsylvania">Pike County, Pennsylvania</a>, was home to an estimated 711,174 uniracial Indian Americans as of the 2017 <a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">American Community Survey</a> by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>, comprising by far the largest Indian American population of any metropolitan area in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-IndianCensusNYCMetro-65">[65]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fcc2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fcc2.jpg/220px-Fcc2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fcc2.jpg/330px-Fcc2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Fcc2.jpg/440px-Fcc2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="437" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of the numerous <a href="/wiki/Greenbelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenbelt">greenbelts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Exurb" title="Exurb">exurban</a> <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey">Monroe Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_India,_Edison/Iselin" class="mw-redirect" title="Little India, Edison/Iselin">Middlesex County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> housing tracts in 2010. Since then, significant new housing construction is rendering an increasingly <a href="/wiki/Affluent" class="mw-redirect" title="Affluent">affluent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburban</a> environment to Monroe Township, while maintaining the proximity to both <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in the New York metropolitan area">New York City</a> and top-ranked <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> sought by Indians in this township with the fastest-growing Indian population in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>.</figcaption></figure> New York City itself also contains by far the largest Indian American population of any individual city in North America, estimated at 246,454 as of 2017.<a href="#cite_note-NYCIndians-66">[66]</a> <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey">Monroe Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Middlesex County, New Jersey">Middlesex County</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Central_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Central New Jersey">central New Jersey</a>, ranked the safest small city in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-MonroeTownshipSafe-67">[67]</a> has displayed one of the fastest growth rates of its Indian population in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>, increasing from 256 (0.9%) as of the 2000 Census<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> to an estimated 5,943 (13.6%) as of 2017,<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> representing a 2,221.5% increase over that period. <a href="/wiki/Affluence" class="mw-redirect" title="Affluence">Affluent</a> <a href="/wiki/Professional" title="Professional">professionals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senior_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Senior citizen">senior citizens</a>, a temperate climate with numerous <a href="/wiki/Greenbelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenbelt">greenbelts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charitable_contribution" class="mw-redirect" title="Charitable contribution">charitable benefactors</a> to <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID relief efforts in India</a> in official coordination with Monroe Township, <a href="/wiki/Hindu_mandir" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu mandir">Hindu mandirs</a>, Indian <a href="/wiki/Food_truck" title="Food truck">food trucks</a> and language classes, and <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> actors with second homes all play into the growth of the Indian population in the township, as well as its relative proximity to top-ranked <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>. By 2022, the Indian population surpassed one-third of Monroe Township's population, and the nickname <a href="/wiki/Little_India,_Edison/Iselin" class="mw-redirect" title="Little India, Edison/Iselin">Edison</a>-South had developed, in reference to the <a href="/wiki/Little_India" title="Little India">Little India</a> stature of both Middlesex County, New Jersey <a href="/wiki/Township_(New_Jersey)" title="Township (New Jersey)">townships</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In 2014, 12,350 Indians legally immigrated to the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA core based statistical area;<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> As of February 2022, Indian airline carrier <a href="/wiki/Air_India" title="Air India">Air India</a> as well as United States airline carrier <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> were offering direct flights from the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Metropolitan Area">New York City Metropolitan Area</a> to and from <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>. In May 2019, <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> announced <a href="/wiki/Non-stop_flight" title="Non-stop flight">non-stop</a> flight service between <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">New York JFK</a> and Mumbai, to begin December 22, 2019.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> And in November 2021, <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a> began non-stop flight service between New York JFK and Delhi with <a href="/wiki/IndiGo" title="IndiGo">IndiGo Air</a> <a href="/wiki/Codeshare" class="mw-redirect" title="Codeshare">codesharing</a> on this flight. At least 24 Indian American enclaves characterized as a <a href="/wiki/Little_India_(location)" class="mw-redirect" title="Little India (location)">Little India</a> have emerged in the New York City Metropolitan Area. Other metropolitan areas with large Indian American populations include <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta metropolitan area">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Austin" title="Greater Austin">Austin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Baltimore_combined_statistical_area" title="Washington–Baltimore combined statistical area">Baltimore–Washington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago_metropolitan_area" title="Chicago metropolitan area">Chicago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth_metroplex" title="Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex">Dallas–Ft. Worth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Los Angeles Area">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delaware_Valley" title="Delaware Valley">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Phoenix" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Phoenix">Phoenix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Research_Triangle" title="Research Triangle">Raleigh</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco–San Jose–Oakland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seattle_metropolitan_area" title="Seattle metropolitan area">Seattle</a>. <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Census_Bureau_2000,_Asian_Indians_in_the_United_States.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Census_Bureau_2000%2C_Asian_Indians_in_the_United_States.png/500px-Census_Bureau_2000%2C_Asian_Indians_in_the_United_States.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Census_Bureau_2000%2C_Asian_Indians_in_the_United_States.png 1.5x" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="506" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> The three oldest Indian American communities going back to around 1910 are in lesser populated <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agricultural</a> areas in California including <a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yuba_City,_California" title="Yuba City, California">Yuba City</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Valley of California">Central Valley</a>, as well as in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Valley" title="Imperial Valley">Imperial Valley</a>. These were all primarily Sikh settlements. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._metropolitan_areas_with_significant_Asian_Indian_populations">U.S. metropolitan areas with significant Asian Indian populations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: U.S. metropolitan areas with significant Asian Indian populations">edit</a>]</div> Asian Indian population in <a href="/wiki/Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Combined Statistical Area">Combined Statistical Areas</a> of the United States of America as per Census 2020<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Metropolitan Area </th> <th>Asian Indian Population </th> <th>Total Population </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td>New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA </td> <td>792,367 </td> <td>22,431,833 </td> <td>3.53% </td></tr> <tr> <td>San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA </td> <td>513,349 </td> <td>9,225,160 </td> <td>5.56% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chicago-Naperville, IL-IN-WI CSA </td> <td>253,509 </td> <td>9,986,960 </td> <td>2.54% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC-VA-MD-WV-PA CSA </td> <td>253,146 </td> <td>10,028,331 </td> <td>2.52% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dallas-Fort Worth, TX-OK CSA </td> <td>239,291 </td> <td>8,157,895 </td> <td>2.93% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA CSA </td> <td>231,515 </td> <td>18,644,680 </td> <td>1.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Houston-Pasadena, TX CSA </td> <td>162,343 </td> <td>7,339,672 </td> <td>2.21% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Philadelphia–Reading–Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD CSA </td> <td>158,773 </td> <td>7,379,700 </td> <td>2.15% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Atlanta–Athens-Clarke County–Sandy Springs, GA-AL CSA </td> <td>158,408 </td> <td>6,976,171 </td> <td>2.27% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Boston–Worcester–Providence, MA-RI-NH CSA </td> <td>152,700 </td> <td>8,349,768 </td> <td>1.83% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seattle-Tacoma, WA CSA </td> <td>144,290 </td> <td>4,102,400 </td> <td>2.79% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Detroit–Warren–Ann Arbor, MI CSA </td> <td>108,440 </td> <td>5,424,742 </td> <td>2.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sacramento–Roseville, CA CSA </td> <td>76,403 </td> <td>2,680,831 </td> <td>2.85% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Miami–Port St. Lucie–Fort Lauderdale, FL CSA </td> <td>63,824 </td> <td>6,908,296 </td> <td>0.92% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX CSA </td> <td>63,524 </td> <td>2,352,426 </td> <td>2.70% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phoenix-Mesa, AZ CSA </td> <td>61,580 </td> <td>4,899,104 </td> <td>1.26% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Raleigh–Durham–Cary, NC CSA </td> <td>59,567 </td> <td>2,242,324 </td> <td>2.66% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Orlando–Lakeland–Deltona, FL CSA </td> <td>54,187 </td> <td>4,197,095 </td> <td>1.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td>San Diego-Carlsbad, CA CSA </td> <td>50,673 </td> <td>3,276,208 </td> <td>1.55% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Charlotte–Concord, NC-SC CSA </td> <td>50,115 </td> <td>3,232,206 </td> <td>1.55% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Minneapolis–St. Paul, MN-WI CSA </td> <td>48,671 </td> <td>4,078,788 </td> <td>1.19% </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Haven–Hartford–Waterbury, CT CSA </td> <td>45,600 </td> <td>2,659,617 </td> <td>1.71% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA </td> <td>43,690 </td> <td>3,175,275 </td> <td>1.38% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Columbus–Marion–Zanesville, OH CSA </td> <td>43,461 </td> <td>2,606,479 </td> <td>1.67% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Portland–Vancouver–Salem, OR-WA CSA </td> <td>35,714 </td> <td>3,280,736 </td> <td>1.09% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indianapolis–Carmel–Muncie, IN CSA </td> <td>33,489 </td> <td>2,599,860 </td> <td>1.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Denver–Aurora–Greeley, CO CSA </td> <td>31,452 </td> <td>3,623,560 </td> <td>0.87% </td></tr> <tr> <td>St. Louis–St. Charles–Farmington, MO-IL CSA </td> <td>28,874 </td> <td>2,924,904 </td> <td>0.99% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cleveland–Akron–Canton, OH CSA </td> <td>28,467 </td> <td>3,769,834 </td> <td>0.76% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fresno–Hanford–Corcoran, CA CSA </td> <td>25,055 </td> <td>1,317,395 </td> <td>1.90% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cincinnati–Wilmington, OH-KY-IN CSA </td> <td>24,434 </td> <td>2,291,815 </td> <td>1.07% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pittsburgh–Weirton–Steubenville, PA-OH-WV CSA </td> <td>24,414 </td> <td>2,767,801 </td> <td>0.88% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kansas City–Overland Park–Kansas City, MO-KS CSA </td> <td>22,308 </td> <td>2,528,644 </td> <td>0.88% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Richmond, VA MSA </td> <td>21,077 </td> <td>1,314,434 </td> <td>1.60% </td></tr> <tr> <td>San Antonio–New Braunfels–Kerrville, TX CSA </td> <td>19,611 </td> <td>2,637,466 </td> <td>0.74% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha, WI CSA </td> <td>18,779 </td> <td>2,053,232 </td> <td>0.91% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro, TN CSA </td> <td>18,296 </td> <td>2,250,282 </td> <td>0.84% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jacksonville–Kingsland–Palatka, FL-GA CSA </td> <td>16,853 </td> <td>1,733,937 </td> <td>0.97% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Albany–Schenectady, NY CSA </td> <td>16,476 </td> <td>1,190,727 </td> <td>1.38% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Las Vegas–Henderson, NV CSA </td> <td>14,913 </td> <td>2,317,052 </td> <td>0.64% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Buffalo–Cheektowaga–Olean, NY CSA </td> <td>14,021 </td> <td>1,243,944 </td> <td>1.13% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Salt Lake City–Provo–Orem, UT-ID CSA </td> <td>13,520 </td> <td>2,705,693 </td> <td>0.50% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bakersfield, CA MSA </td> <td>12,771 </td> <td>909,235 </td> <td>1.40% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Harrisburg–York–Lebanon, PA CSA </td> <td>12,497 </td> <td>1,295,259 </td> <td>0.96% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC CSA </td> <td>11,660 </td> <td>1,695,306 </td> <td>0.69% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Allentown–Bethlehem–East Stroudsburg, PA-NJ CSA </td> <td>11,188 </td> <td>1,030,216 </td> <td>1.09% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Memphis–Clarksdale–Forrest City, TN-MS-AR CSA </td> <td>10,502 </td> <td>1,389,905 </td> <td>0.76% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Madison–Janesville–Beloit, WI CSA </td> <td>10,361 </td> <td>910,246 </td> <td>1.14% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Louisville/Jefferson County–Elizabethtown, KY-IN CSA </td> <td>10,259 </td> <td>1,487,749 </td> <td>0.69% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oklahoma City–Shawnee, OK CSA </td> <td>10,237 </td> <td>1,498,149 </td> <td>0.68% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Virginia Beach–Chesapeake, VA-NC CSA </td> <td>9,985 </td> <td>1,857,542 </td> <td>0.54% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Greenville–Spartanburg–Anderson, SC CSA </td> <td>9,809 </td> <td>1,511,905 </td> <td>0.65% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR MSA </td> <td>9,028 </td> <td>546,725 </td> <td>1.65% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Des Moines–West Des Moines–Ames, IA CSA </td> <td>8,081 </td> <td>890,322 </td> <td>0.91% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Columbia–Sumter–Orangeburg, SC CSA </td> <td>7,586 </td> <td>1,056,968 </td> <td>0.72% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rochester–Batavia–Seneca Falls, NY CSA </td> <td>7,564 </td> <td>1,157,563 </td> <td>0.65% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dayton–Springfield–Kettering, OH CSA </td> <td>6,281 </td> <td>1,088,875 </td> <td>0.58% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Omaha–Fremont, NE-IA CSA </td> <td>6,241 </td> <td>1,004,771 </td> <td>0.62% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gainesville–Lake City, FL CSA </td> <td>6,207 </td> <td>408,945 </td> <td>1.52% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grand Rapids–Wyoming, MI CSA </td> <td>5,995 </td> <td>1,486,055 </td> <td>0.40% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tucson–Nogales, AZ CSA </td> <td>5,977 </td> <td>1,091,102 </td> <td>0.55% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lansing–East Lansing–Owosso, MI CSA </td> <td>5,860 </td> <td>541,297 </td> <td>1.08% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Birmingham–Cullman–Talladega, AL CSA </td> <td>5,714 </td> <td>1,361,033 </td> <td>0.42% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Champaign–Urbana–Danville, IL CSA </td> <td>5,299 </td> <td>310,260 </td> <td>1.71% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bloomington–Pontiac, IL CSA </td> <td>5,225 </td> <td>206,769 </td> <td>2.53% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lafayette–West Lafayette–Frankfort, IN CSA </td> <td>5,111 </td> <td>281,594 </td> <td>1.82% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cape Coral-Fort Myers-Naples CSA </td> <td>5,042 </td> <td>1,188,319 </td> <td>0.42% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tulsa–Bartlesville–Muskogee, OK CSA </td> <td>5,032 </td> <td>1,134,125 </td> <td>0.44% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Knoxville–Morristown–Sevierville, TN CSA </td> <td>4,793 </td> <td>1,156,861 </td> <td>0.41% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reno–Carson City–Gardnerville Ranchos, NV-CA CSA </td> <td>4,761 </td> <td>684,678 </td> <td>0.70% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Albuquerque-Santa Fe-Los Alamos, NM CSA </td> <td>4,555 </td> <td>1,162,523 </td> <td>0.39% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Springfield–Amherst Town–Northampton, MA CSA </td> <td>4,398 </td> <td>699,162 </td> <td>0.63% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Scranton—Wilkes-Barre, PA MSA </td> <td>4,367 </td> <td>567,559 </td> <td>0.77% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Peoria–Canton, IL CSA </td> <td>4,151 </td> <td>402,391 </td> <td>1.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td>College Station-Bryan, TX MSA </td> <td>4,149 </td> <td>268,248 </td> <td>1.55% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Urban Honolulu, HI MSA </td> <td>4,122 </td> <td>1,016,508 </td> <td>0.41% </td></tr> <tr> <td>North Port-Bradenton, FL CSA </td> <td>4,090 </td> <td>1,054,539 </td> <td>0.39% </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Orleans–Metairie–Slidell, LA-MS CSA </td> <td>4,048 </td> <td>1,373,453 </td> <td>0.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Syracuse–Auburn, NY CSA </td> <td>4,023 </td> <td>738,305 </td> <td>0.54% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lexington-Fayette–Richmond–Frankfort, KY CSA </td> <td>3,758 </td> <td>762,082 </td> <td>0.49% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tallahassee–Bainbridge, FL-GA CSA </td> <td>3,705 </td> <td>413,665 </td> <td>0.90% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="States/territories">States/territories</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: States/territories">edit</a>]</div> The following table shows the number of people in each state who identified as "Hindu" in the 1910, 1920, 1930, and 1940 censuses, as well as the number of people identifying as "Asian Indian" in each state from the 1980 census onwards.<a href="#cite_note-AmPro-74">[74]</a> Between the 1910 and 1940 censuses, "<a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>" was a census category for race,<a href="#cite_note-AmPro-74">[74]</a> a term which is now associated with religion but then referred to South Asians in general.<a href="#cite_note-brian111-75">[75]</a> At the time, the South Asian American population was 85% Sikh, 12% Muslim, and 3% Hindu,<a href="#cite_note-PluralismProject-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-LaBrack1-77">[77]</a> but all were nevertheless referred to as Hindus.<a href="#cite_note-PluralismProject-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-LaBrack2-78">[78]</a> Midcentury liberalization of immigration law has led to more diverse migration from India, and the proportion of Sikhs amongst Indian Americans has fallen to 8%.<a href="#cite_note-asianreligion-9">[9]</a> <table class="wikitable collapsible sortable"> <caption>Indian Americans by <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">state or territory</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> or <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">territory</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a><a href="#cite_note-USCensus1930-79">[79]</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a><a href="#cite_note-USCensus1930-79">[79]</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a><a href="#cite_note-USCensus1930-79">[79]</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a><a href="#cite_note-USCensus1940total-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-USCensus1940nonwhite-81">[81]</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a><a href="#cite_note-USCensus1980-82">[82]</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a><a href="#cite_note-USCensus1990-83">[83]</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a><a href="#cite_note-USCensus2000-84">[84]</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a><a href="#cite_note-USCensus2010-85">[85]</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a><a href="#cite_note-USCensus2020-86">[86]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama"><img alt="Alabama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Alabama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Alabama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Alabama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Alabama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Alabama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Alabama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>5 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2,374 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>4,348 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>6,686 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>13,036 </td> <td>0.27% </td> <td>17,174 </td> <td>0.34% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska"><img alt="Alaska" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/21px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/33px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/43px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>230 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>472 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>546 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>1,218 </td> <td>0.17% </td> <td>857 </td> <td>0.12% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona"><img alt="Arizona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/23px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/35px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/45px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>10 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>50 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>65 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>2,078 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>5,663 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>14,510 </td> <td>0.28% </td> <td>36,047 </td> <td>0.56% </td> <td>64,822 </td> <td>0.91% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas"><img alt="Arkansas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arkansas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Arkansas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arkansas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Arkansas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arkansas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Arkansas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1,194 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>1,329 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>2,694 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>7,973 </td> <td>0.27% </td> <td>14,443 </td> <td>0.48% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/California" title="California"><img alt="California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/45px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td>1,948 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>1,723 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>1,873 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>1,476 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>59,774 </td> <td>0.25% </td> <td>159,973 </td> <td>0.54% </td> <td>307,105 </td> <td>0.91% </td> <td>528,176 </td> <td>1.42% </td> <td>830,259 </td> <td>2.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado"><img alt="Colorado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>28 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>8 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2,565 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>3,836 </td> <td>0.12% </td> <td>11,826 </td> <td>0.27% </td> <td>20,369 </td> <td>0.41% </td> <td>34,400 </td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut"><img alt="Connecticut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/19px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/29px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/38px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="260" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>5,426 </td> <td>0.17% </td> <td>11,755 </td> <td>0.36% </td> <td>23,905 </td> <td>0.7% </td> <td>46,415 </td> <td>1.3% </td> <td>60,634 </td> <td>1.68% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware"><img alt="Delaware" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Delaware.svg/23px-Flag_of_Delaware.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Delaware.svg/35px-Flag_of_Delaware.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Delaware.svg/45px-Flag_of_Delaware.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1,227 </td> <td>0.21% </td> <td>2,183 </td> <td>0.33% </td> <td>5,231 </td> <td>0.67% </td> <td>11,424 </td> <td>1.27% </td> <td>17,722 </td> <td>1.79% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C."><img alt="Washington, D.C." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/23px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/35px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg/46px-Flag_of_Washington%2C_D.C.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>873 </td> <td>0.14% </td> <td>1,601 </td> <td>0.26% </td> <td>2,415 </td> <td>0.42% </td> <td>5,214 </td> <td>0.87% </td> <td>9,149 </td> <td>1.33% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida"><img alt="Florida" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/23px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/35px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Florida.svg/45px-Flag_of_Florida.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>13 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>11,039 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>31,457 </td> <td>0.24% </td> <td>67,790 </td> <td>0.42% </td> <td>128,735 </td> <td>0.68% </td> <td>187,236 </td> <td>0.87% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)"><img alt="Georgia (U.S. state)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_State_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>5 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>4,725 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>13,926 </td> <td>0.21% </td> <td>44,732 </td> <td>0.55% </td> <td>96,116 </td> <td>0.99% </td> <td>165,895 </td> <td>1.55% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii"><img alt="Hawaii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>708 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>1,015 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>1,244 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>2,201 </td> <td>0.16% </td> <td>2,362 </td> <td>0.16% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho"><img alt="Idaho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/19px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/29px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_Idaho.svg/38px-Flag_of_Idaho.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="2496" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>247 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>473 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>1,142 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>2,152 </td> <td>0.14% </td> <td>3,398 </td> <td>0.18% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois"><img alt="Illinois" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/23px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/35px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/46px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>33 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>87 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>41 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>37,438 </td> <td>0.33% </td> <td>64,200 </td> <td>0.56% </td> <td>123,275 </td> <td>0.99% </td> <td>188,328 </td> <td>1.47% </td> <td>260,055 </td> <td>2.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana"><img alt="Indiana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_Indiana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>14 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>5 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>4,746 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>7,095 </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td>14,159 </td> <td>0.23% </td> <td>27,598 </td> <td>0.43% </td> <td>47,902 </td> <td>0.71% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa"><img alt="Iowa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Flag_of_Iowa.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iowa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="477" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2,424 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>3,021 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>5,407 </td> <td>0.18% </td> <td>11,081 </td> <td>0.36% </td> <td>14,748 </td> <td>0.46% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas"><img alt="Kansas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>9 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2,588 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>3,956 </td> <td>0.16% </td> <td>7,681 </td> <td>0.29% </td> <td>13,848 </td> <td>0.49% </td> <td>19,832 </td> <td>0.68% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky"><img alt="Kentucky" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Flag_of_Kentucky.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kentucky.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2,669 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>2,922 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>6,734 </td> <td>0.17% </td> <td>12,501 </td> <td>0.29% </td> <td>18,154 </td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana"><img alt="Louisiana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="7040" data-file-height="4556" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> </td> <td>26 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>27 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>28 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>15 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>3,036 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>5,083 </td> <td>0.12% </td> <td>8,641 </td> <td>0.19% </td> <td>11,174 </td> <td>0.25% </td> <td>12,964 </td> <td>0.28% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine"><img alt="Maine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/19px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/29px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Maine.svg/38px-Flag_of_Maine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>475 </td> <td>0.04% </td> <td>607 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>978 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>1,959 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>2,276 </td> <td>0.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland"><img alt="Maryland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>10 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>13,788 </td> <td>0.33% </td> <td>28,330 </td> <td>0.59% </td> <td>49,766 </td> <td>0.94% </td> <td>79,051 </td> <td>1.37% </td> <td>104,617 </td> <td>1.69% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts"><img alt="Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/23px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/35px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/46px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> </td> <td>14 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>8 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>42 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>20 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>8,943 </td> <td>0.16% </td> <td>19,719 </td> <td>0.33% </td> <td>41,935 </td> <td>0.66% </td> <td>77,177 </td> <td>1.18% </td> <td>125,534 </td> <td>1.79% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan"><img alt="Michigan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>38 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>181 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>113 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>15,363 </td> <td>0.17% </td> <td>23,845 </td> <td>0.26% </td> <td>54,464 </td> <td>0.55% </td> <td>77,132 </td> <td>0.78% </td> <td>122,245 </td> <td>1.21% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota"><img alt="Minnesota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Minnesota.svg/23px-Flag_of_Minnesota.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Minnesota.svg/35px-Flag_of_Minnesota.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Minnesota.svg/46px-Flag_of_Minnesota.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>3,734 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>8,234 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>16,278 </td> <td>0.33% </td> <td>33,031 </td> <td>0.62% </td> <td>47,173 </td> <td>0.83% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi"><img alt="Mississippi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_Mississippi.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mississippi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="720" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1,313 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>1,872 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>3,325 </td> <td>0.12% </td> <td>5,494 </td> <td>0.19% </td> <td>6,807 </td> <td>0.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri"><img alt="Missouri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/23px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/35px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Missouri.svg/46px-Flag_of_Missouri.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>15 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>9 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>4,276 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>6,111 </td> <td>0.12% </td> <td>11,845 </td> <td>0.21% </td> <td>23,223 </td> <td>0.39% </td> <td>34,748 </td> <td>0.56% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana"><img alt="Montana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Montana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Montana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Montana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Montana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>154 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>248 </td> <td>0.03% </td> <td>450 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>618 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>726 </td> <td>0.07% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska"><img alt="Nebraska" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Nebraska.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nebraska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Nebraska.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nebraska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Nebraska.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nebraska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="360" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1,106 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>1,218 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>3,199 </td> <td>0.19% </td> <td>5,903 </td> <td>0.32% </td> <td>9,107 </td> <td>0.46% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada"><img alt="Nevada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_Nevada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nevada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_Nevada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nevada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_Nevada.svg/45px-Flag_of_Nevada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> </td> <td>52 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>12 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>527 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>1,825 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>4,860 </td> <td>0.24% </td> <td>11,671 </td> <td>0.43% </td> <td>14,005 </td> <td>0.45% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire"><img alt="New Hampshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/45px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="440" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>742 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>1,697 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>3,579 </td> <td>0.29% </td> <td>8,268 </td> <td>0.63% </td> <td>10,659 </td> <td>0.77% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey"><img alt="New Jersey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>34 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>110 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>47 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>30,684 </td> <td>0.42% </td> <td>79,440 </td> <td>1.03% </td> <td>169,209 </td> <td>2.01% </td> <td>292,256 </td> <td>3.32% </td> <td>415,342 </td> <td>4.47% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico"><img alt="New Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/45px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>20 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>19 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>622 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>1,593 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>2,424 </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td>4,550 </td> <td>0.22% </td> <td>5,807 </td> <td>0.27% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)"><img alt="New York (state)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> </td> <td>14 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>204 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>320 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>243 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>67,636 </td> <td>0.39% </td> <td>140,985 </td> <td>0.78% </td> <td>250,027 </td> <td>1.32% </td> <td>313,620 </td> <td>1.62% </td> <td>387,376 </td> <td>1.92% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina"><img alt="North Carolina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg/45px-Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>4,855 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>9,847 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>25,350 </td> <td>0.31% </td> <td>57,400 </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>121,974 </td> <td>1.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota"><img alt="North Dakota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg/20px-Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg/31px-Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg/41px-Flag_of_North_Dakota.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="921" /></a> <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>252 </td> <td>0.04% </td> <td>482 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>1,042 </td> <td>0.16% </td> <td>1,543 </td> <td>0.23% </td> <td>1,732 </td> <td>0.22% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio"><img alt="Ohio" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/25px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/38px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Ohio.svg/50px-Flag_of_Ohio.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="320" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>35 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>55 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>40 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>13,602 </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td>20,848 </td> <td>0.19% </td> <td>37,624 </td> <td>0.33% </td> <td>64,187 </td> <td>0.56% </td> <td>99,105 </td> <td>0.84% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma"><img alt="Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>17 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>3,168 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>4,546 </td> <td>0.14% </td> <td>8,302 </td> <td>0.24% </td> <td>11,906 </td> <td>0.32% </td> <td>14,631 </td> <td>0.37% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon"><img alt="Oregon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Oregon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oregon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Oregon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oregon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Oregon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oregon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> </td> <td>305 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>90 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>35 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>21 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2,265 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>3,508 </td> <td>0.12% </td> <td>10,188 </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>16,740 </td> <td>0.44% </td> <td>29,028 </td> <td>0.69% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania"><img alt="Pennsylvania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/21px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg/41px-Flag_of_Pennsylvania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="540" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>47 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>63 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>52 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>17,230 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>28,396 </td> <td>0.24% </td> <td>56,233 </td> <td>0.46% </td> <td>103,026 </td> <td>0.81% </td> <td>157,626 </td> <td>1.21% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico"><img alt="Puerto Rico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/45px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>0% </td> <td> </td> <td>0% </td> <td>5,564 </td> <td>0.15% </td> <td>3,523 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>947 </td> <td>0.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island"><img alt="Rhode Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/19px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/30px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg/39px-Flag_of_Rhode_Island.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="580" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>904 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>1,975 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>2,548 </td> <td>0.24% </td> <td>4,653 </td> <td>0.44% </td> <td>7,334 </td> <td>0.67% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina"><img alt="South Carolina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a> <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>11 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2,572 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>3,900 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>8,215 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>15,941 </td> <td>0.34% </td> <td>26,875 </td> <td>0.53% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota"><img alt="South Dakota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_South_Dakota.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Dakota.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_South_Dakota.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Dakota.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_South_Dakota.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Dakota.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="450" /></a> <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>157 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>287 </td> <td>0.04% </td> <td>581 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>1,152 </td> <td>0.14% </td> <td>1,523 </td> <td>0.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee"><img alt="Tennessee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Tennessee.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tennessee.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>13 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>3,392 </td> <td>0.07% </td> <td>5,911 </td> <td>0.12% </td> <td>11,956 </td> <td>0.21% </td> <td>23,900 </td> <td>0.38% </td> <td>40,151 </td> <td>0.58% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas"><img alt="Texas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/45px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>49 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>73 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>23,395 </td> <td>0.16% </td> <td>55,795 </td> <td>0.33% </td> <td>127,256 </td> <td>0.61% </td> <td>245,981 </td> <td>0.98% </td> <td>480,566 </td> <td>1.65% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah"><img alt="Utah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Utah.svg/23px-Flag_of_Utah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Utah.svg/35px-Flag_of_Utah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Utah.svg/46px-Flag_of_Utah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="432" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>28 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>25 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>13 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>932 </td> <td>0.06% </td> <td>1,557 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>3,157 </td> <td>0.14% </td> <td>6,212 </td> <td>0.22% </td> <td>11,908 </td> <td>0.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont"><img alt="Vermont" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>520 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>529 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>697 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>1,359 </td> <td>0.22% </td> <td>1,794 </td> <td>0.28% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia"><img alt="Virginia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Virginia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>8 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>9,046 </td> <td>0.17% </td> <td>20,494 </td> <td>0.33% </td> <td>47,578 </td> <td>0.67% </td> <td>103,916 </td> <td>1.3% </td> <td>157,635 </td> <td>1.83% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)"><img alt="Washington (state)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/23px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/35px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Washington.svg/46px-Flag_of_Washington.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="658" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Washington_(U.S._state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington (U.S. state)">Washington</a> </td> <td>161 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>85 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>53 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>23 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>4,267 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>8,205 </td> <td>0.17% </td> <td>22,489 </td> <td>0.38% </td> <td>61,124 </td> <td>0.91% </td> <td>140,817 </td> <td>1.83% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia"><img alt="West Virginia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg/23px-Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg/35px-Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg/46px-Flag_of_West_Virginia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>11 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>1,936 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>1,981 </td> <td>0.11% </td> <td>2,529 </td> <td>0.14% </td> <td>3,304 </td> <td>0.18% </td> <td>3,289 </td> <td>0.18% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin"><img alt="Wisconsin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg/23px-Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg/35px-Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg/45px-Flag_of_Wisconsin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>5 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>3,902 </td> <td>0.08% </td> <td>6,914 </td> <td>0.14% </td> <td>11,280 </td> <td>0.21% </td> <td>22,899 </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>32,831 </td> <td>0.56% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming"><img alt="Wyoming" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Wyoming.svg/22px-Flag_of_Wyoming.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Wyoming.svg/33px-Flag_of_Wyoming.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Wyoming.svg/43px-Flag_of_Wyoming.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a> </td> <td>11 </td> <td>0.01% </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>104 </td> <td>0.02% </td> <td>240 </td> <td>0.05% </td> <td>423 </td> <td>0.09% </td> <td>589 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>522 </td> <td>0.09% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> United States </td> <td>2,545 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2,507 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>3,130 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>2,405 </td> <td>0% </td> <td>387,223 </td> <td>0.17% </td> <td>815,447 </td> <td>0.33% </td> <td>1,645,510 </td> <td>0.58% </td> <td>2,843,391 </td> <td>0.92% </td> <td>4,397,737 </td> <td>1.33% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_communities_by_number_of_Asian_Indians_(as_of_the_2010_census)">List of communities by number of Asian Indians (as of the 2010 census)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: List of communities by number of Asian Indians (as of the 2010 census)">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:74th_St_shopping_Jax_Hts_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/74th_St_shopping_Jax_Hts_jeh.jpg/300px-74th_St_shopping_Jax_Hts_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/74th_St_shopping_Jax_Hts_jeh.jpg/450px-74th_St_shopping_Jax_Hts_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/74th_St_shopping_Jax_Hts_jeh.jpg/600px-74th_St_shopping_Jax_Hts_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Little_India" title="Little India">Little India</a> on 74th Street in <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Heights,_Queens" title="Jackson Heights, Queens">Jackson Heights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_area" title="Indians in the New York City metropolitan area">New York City</a>: 211,818 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>: 138,795</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>: 25,270</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>: 24,359</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronx" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronx">Bronx</a>: 16,748</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>: 6,646</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, CA</a>: 43,827</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont, CA</a>: 38,711</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles, CA</a>: 32,966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago, IL</a>: 29,948</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Township,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Edison Township, New Jersey">Edison, NJ</a>: 28,286</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City, NJ</a>: 27,111</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston, TX</a>: 26,289</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnyvale,_California" title="Sunnyvale, California">Sunnyvale, CA</a>: 21,737</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, PA</a>: 18,520</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving,_Texas" title="Irving, Texas">Irving, TX</a>: 17,403</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a>]</div> In recent years, especially following the 1990 inception of the <a href="/wiki/H-1B_visa" title="H-1B visa">H-1B visa</a> program and the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_boom" class="mw-redirect" title="Dot-com boom">dot-com boom</a>, there has been a shift in the Indian American population from being dominated by immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Americans" title="Gujarati Americans">Gujarat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjab</a> to being increasingly represented more broadly, including by immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Telugu_Americans" title="Telugu Americans">Andhra Pradesh and Telangana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil Nadu</a>, as well as immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravortyKapurSingh2017xviii-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Between 2010 and 2021, Telugu rose from being the sixth most spoken South Asian language to being the third most spoken, while Punjabi fell from being the fourth most spoken South Asian language in the United States to become the seventh most spoken. There are significant differences between these groups in terms of socioeconomic factors like education, geographic location, and income; in 2021, 81% of Americans speaking Telugu at home spoke English very well while only 59% of Americans speaking Punjabi at home did the same.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-data.census.gov-90">[90]</a> <table class="wikitable collapsible sortable"> <caption>Number of Americans speaking South Asian languages at home (2010–2021)<a href="#cite_note-data.census.gov-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">South Asian language</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">2010</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/American_Community_Survey" title="American Community Survey">2021</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">Change </th> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> Change </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Americans" title="Gujarati Americans">Gujarati</a> </td> <td>356,394 </td> <td>436,909 </td> <td>80,515 </td> <td>22.59% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi language">Hindi</a> </td> <td>609,395 </td> <td>864,830 </td> <td>255,435 </td> <td>41.92% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a> </td> <td>388,909 </td> <td>507,972 </td> <td>119,063 </td> <td>30.61% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi</a> </td> <td>243,773 </td> <td>318,588 </td> <td>74,815 </td> <td>30.69% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali</a> </td> <td>221,872 </td> <td>403,024 </td> <td>181,152 </td> <td>81.65% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Americans" title="Telugu Americans">Telugu</a> </td> <td>217,641 </td> <td>459,836 </td> <td>242,195 </td> <td>111.28% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil</a> </td> <td>181,698 </td> <td>341,396 </td> <td>159,698 </td> <td>87.89% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan languages</a> </td> <td>275,694 </td> <td>447,811 </td> <td>172,117 </td> <td>62.43% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian languages</a> </td> <td>197,550 </td> <td>280,188 </td> <td>82,638 </td> <td>41.83% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socioeconomic_status">Socioeconomic status</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Socioeconomic status">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indiandiaspora.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Indiandiaspora.jpg/220px-Indiandiaspora.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Indiandiaspora.jpg/330px-Indiandiaspora.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Indiandiaspora.jpg/440px-Indiandiaspora.jpg 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption>The United States is host to the second-largest <a href="/wiki/Non-resident_Indian_and_person_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin">Indian diaspora</a>, following <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>.</figcaption></figure> From the 1990 census to the 2000 census, the Asian Indian population increased by 105.87%. Meanwhile, the U.S. population increased by only 7.6%. In 2000, the Indian-born population in the U.S. was 1.007 million. In 2006, of the 1,266,264 legal immigrants to the United States, 58,072 were from India. Between 2000 and 2006, 421,006 Indian immigrants were admitted to the U.S., up from 352,278 during the 1990–1999 period.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> At 16.4% of the Asian population, Indian Americans make up the third largest Asian-American ethnic group, following <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese Americans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipino Americans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-US_Census_Bureau,_Chinese_or_in_any_combination-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-US_Census_Bureau,_Filipino_or_in_any_combination-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-US_Census_Bureau,_Asian_Indian_or_in_any_combination-95">[95]</a> A joint Duke University-UC Berkeley study revealed that Indian immigrants have founded more engineering and technology companies from 1995 to 2005 than immigrants from the United Kingdom, China, Taiwan, and Japan combined.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> The percentage of Silicon Valley startups founded by Indian immigrants has increased from 7% in 1999 to 15.5% in 2006, as reported in the 1999 study by <a href="/wiki/AnnaLee_Saxenian" title="AnnaLee Saxenian">AnnaLee Saxenian</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> and her updated work in 2006 in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Vivek_Wadhwa" title="Vivek Wadhwa">Vivek Wadhwa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Indian Americans have risen to top positions at many major companies (e.g., IBM, PepsiCo, MasterCard, Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Cisco, Oracle, Adobe, Softbank, Cognizant, Sun Microsystems.) A 2014 study indicates that 23% of Indian business school graduates take a job in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Asian Indians (per ACS) </th></tr> <tr> <td>2005</td> <td>2,319,222 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006</td> <td>2,482,141 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007</td> <td>2,570,166 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td>2,495,998 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009</td> <td>2,602,676 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>2,765,155 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>2,908,204 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td>3,049,201 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td>3,189,485 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td>3,491,052 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015</td> <td>3,510,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td>3,613,407 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017</td> <td>3,794,539 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>3,882,526 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>4,002,151 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>4,021,134 </td></tr></tbody></table> Indian Americans continually outpace every other ethnic group <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic_status" title="Socioeconomic status">socioeconomically</a> per U.S. census statistics.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Friedman" title="Thomas Friedman">Thomas Friedman</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, in his 2005 book <a href="/wiki/The_World_Is_Flat" title="The World Is Flat">The World Is Flat</a>, explains this trend in terms of <a href="/wiki/Brain_drain" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain drain">brain drain</a>, whereby a sample of the best and brightest people in India emigrate to the United States in order to seek better financial opportunities.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Indians form the second largest group of <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physicians</a> after non-Hispanic <a href="/wiki/Caucasian-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Caucasian-Americans">Caucasian Americans</a> (3.9%) as of the 1990 survey, and the share of Indian physicians rose to approximately 6% in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IndraNooyiDavos2010ver2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/IndraNooyiDavos2010ver2.jpg/175px-IndraNooyiDavos2010ver2.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/IndraNooyiDavos2010ver2.jpg/263px-IndraNooyiDavos2010ver2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/IndraNooyiDavos2010ver2.jpg/350px-IndraNooyiDavos2010ver2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a>'s career exemplifies the high level of educational attainment and professional success.</figcaption></figure> According to <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Research">Pew Research</a> in 2015, of Indian Americans aged 25 and older, 72% had obtained a bachelor's degree and 40% had obtained a postgraduate degree, whereas of all Americans, 19% had obtained a bachelor's degree and 11% had obtained a postgraduate degree.<a href="#cite_note-Pew-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Income">Income</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Income">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Income_by_race_and_ethnicity_2023_(Household_and_Per_Capita).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Income_by_race_and_ethnicity_2023_%28Household_and_Per_Capita%29.png/220px-Income_by_race_and_ethnicity_2023_%28Household_and_Per_Capita%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Income_by_race_and_ethnicity_2023_%28Household_and_Per_Capita%29.png/330px-Income_by_race_and_ethnicity_2023_%28Household_and_Per_Capita%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Income_by_race_and_ethnicity_2023_%28Household_and_Per_Capita%29.png/440px-Income_by_race_and_ethnicity_2023_%28Household_and_Per_Capita%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Income by race and ethnicity 2023 and Asian American groups (Household and Per Capita) Shows income data for Indian Americans<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></figcaption></figure> The median household income for Indian immigrants in 2019 was much higher than that of the overall foreign- and native-born populations. Indians overall have much higher incomes than the total foreign and native-born populations. In a 2019 survey, it was found that households headed by an Indian immigrant had a median income of $132,000, compared to $64,000 and $66,000 for all immigrant and U.S.-born households, respectively. Indian immigrants were also much less likely to be in poverty (5%) than immigrants overall (14%) or the U.S. born (12%).<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> According to 2023 US Census data, the median Indian American household income is now $157,005. Indian Americans had the second highest Per Capita Incomes among Asian Americans of $72,389 which was second only to Taiwanese Americans.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> 75.1% of Indian Americans worked in Management, business, science, and arts occupations, this is compared to only 43.2% for the total population. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:white; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 47.056428121225px; border-left-color:Black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Black"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Black"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 25.675636036773px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:96.858316112863px 24.868988716485px 0 0; border-top-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:72.896862742141px 68.454710592869px 0 0; border-top-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 791.58150883058px 100px 0; border-right-color:DarkOrange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religious Makeup of Indian Americans (2018)<a href="#cite_note-asianreligion-9">[9]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">Hindu</a> (48%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christian</a> (15%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">Muslim</a> (8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_States" title="Sikhism in the United States">Sikh</a> (8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Other religion</a> (3%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">No religion</a> (18%)</div> </div> </div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader"><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian religions</a> in US</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:04.-BAPS-Swaminarayan-Akshardham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/04.-BAPS-Swaminarayan-Akshardham.jpg/200px-04.-BAPS-Swaminarayan-Akshardham.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/04.-BAPS-Swaminarayan-Akshardham.jpg/300px-04.-BAPS-Swaminarayan-Akshardham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/04.-BAPS-Swaminarayan-Akshardham.jpg/400px-04.-BAPS-Swaminarayan-Akshardham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8151" data-file-height="5429" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Akshardham_(New_Jersey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akshardham (New Jersey)">BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Akshardham, New Jersey</a>, one of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Hindu_temples" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu temples">Hindu temples</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LargestHinduTempleNJ-107">[107]</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Jose_Gurdwara_Sahib_(2448909577).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/San_Jose_Gurdwara_Sahib_%282448909577%29.jpg/200px-San_Jose_Gurdwara_Sahib_%282448909577%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/San_Jose_Gurdwara_Sahib_%282448909577%29.jpg/300px-San_Jose_Gurdwara_Sahib_%282448909577%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/San_Jose_Gurdwara_Sahib_%282448909577%29.jpg/400px-San_Jose_Gurdwara_Sahib_%282448909577%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1587" data-file-height="1102" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Sahib_of_San_Jose" title="Gurdwara Sahib of San Jose">Gurdwara Sahib of San Jose</a>, the largest Gurudwara in North America.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:JCGP_Temple_(3).png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/JCGP_Temple_%283%29.png/200px-JCGP_Temple_%283%29.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/JCGP_Temple_%283%29.png/300px-JCGP_Temple_%283%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/JCGP_Temple_%283%29.png/400px-JCGP_Temple_%283%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="743" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Jain_Center_of_Greater_Phoenix" title="Jain Center of Greater Phoenix">Jain Center of Greater Phoenix</a> (JCGP)</div></div></div></div></div> Communities of <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligious people</a>, and smaller numbers of <a href="/wiki/Jains" class="mw-redirect" title="Jains">Jains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhists">Buddhists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrians</a>, and Indian <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, have established their religious (or irreligious) beliefs in the United States. According to 2023 <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> research, 48% consider themselves Hindu, 15% as Christian (7% Catholic, 4% Evangelical Protestant, 4% Nonevangelical Protestant), 18% as <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">unaffiliated</a>, 8% as Muslims, 8% as Sikh, and 3% as a member of another religion.<a href="#cite_note-asianreligion-9">[9]</a> The first religious center of an Indian religion to be established in the U.S. was a Sikh <a href="/wiki/Gurudwara" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurudwara">Gurudwara</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton, California</a> in 1912. Today there are many Sikh Gurudwaras, Hindu temples, Muslim mosques, Christian churches, and Buddhist and Jain temples in all 50 states. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hindus">Hindus</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Hindus">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">Hinduism in the United States</a></div> As of 2008, the American <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> population was around 2.2 million.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindus</a> form the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Plurality" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Plurality">plurality</a> religious group among the Indian American community.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Many organizations such as <a href="/wiki/ISKCON" class="mw-redirect" title="ISKCON">ISKCON</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" title="Swaminarayan Sampradaya">Swaminarayan Sampradaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bochasanwasi_Akshar_Purushottam_Swaminarayan_Sanstha" title="Bochasanwasi Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha">BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinmaya_Mission" title="Chinmaya Mission">Chinmaya Mission</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Swadhyay" class="mw-redirect" title="Swadhyay">Swadhyay Pariwar</a> are well-established in the U.S. and Hindu Americans have formed the <a href="/wiki/Hindu_American_Foundation" title="Hindu American Foundation">Hindu American Foundation</a> which represents <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">American Hindus</a> and aim to educate people about <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda" title="Swami Vivekananda">Swami Vivekananda</a> brought <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> to the West at the <a href="/wiki/World_Parliament_of_Religions" class="mw-redirect" title="World Parliament of Religions">1893 Parliament of the World's Religions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Vedanta_Society" title="Vedanta Society">Vedanta Society</a> has been important in subsequent Parliaments. In September 2021, the State of <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> aligned with the World Hindu Council to declare October as Hindu Heritage Month. Today, many Hindu <a href="/wiki/Temples" class="mw-redirect" title="Temples">temples</a>, most of them built by Indian Americans, have emerged in different cities and towns in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> More than 18 million Americans are now practicing some form of <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Kriya_Yoga_school" title="Kriya Yoga school">Kriya Yoga</a> was introduced to America by <a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a>. <a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada</a> initiated the popular <a href="/wiki/ISKCON" class="mw-redirect" title="ISKCON">ISKCON</a>, also known as the <a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Krishna_Consciousness" title="International Society for Krishna Consciousness">Hare Krishna</a> movement, while preaching <a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sai_Baba_of_Shirdi" title="Sai Baba of Shirdi">Sai Baba</a> mandir with the tallest indoor statue in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a> opened in <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey">Monroe Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Middlesex County, New Jersey">Middlesex County, New Jersey</a> as the Om Sri Sai Balaji Temple in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-MonroeSaiBabaMandirTallestStatue-114">[114]</a> On October 30, 2024, the State of New Jersey legally designated October of every year to be Hindu Heritage Month.<a href="#cite_note-HinduHeritageMonthNewJersey-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sikhs">Sikhs</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sikhs">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_States" title="Sikhism in the United States">Sikhism in the United States</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Indian_Americans" title="Special:EditPage/Indian Americans">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (July 2020) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> From the time of their arrival to the U.S. in the late 1800s, <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> women and men have been making notable contributions to American society. In 2007, there were estimated to be between 250,000 and 500,000 Sikhs living in the United States, with largest populations living on the East and West Coasts, together with smaller additional populations in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>. The United States also has a number of non-Punjabi converts to Sikhism. Sikh men are typically identifiable by their unshorn beards and turbans (head coverings), articles of their faith. Many organisations like World Sikh Organisation (WSO), Sikh Riders of America, SikhNet, Sikh Coalition, SALDEF, <a href="/wiki/United_Sikhs" title="United Sikhs">United Sikhs</a>, National Sikh Campaign continue to educate people about Sikhism. There are many "<a href="/wiki/Gurudwaras" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurudwaras">Gurudwaras</a>" Sikh temples present in all states of USA. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jains">Jains</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Jains">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_the_United_States" title="Jainism in the United States">Jainism in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Das_Lakshana_(Paryusana)_celebrations,_New_York_City_Jain_temple.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Das_Lakshana_%28Paryusana%29_celebrations%2C_New_York_City_Jain_temple.JPG/220px-Das_Lakshana_%28Paryusana%29_celebrations%2C_New_York_City_Jain_temple.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Das_Lakshana_%28Paryusana%29_celebrations%2C_New_York_City_Jain_temple.JPG/330px-Das_Lakshana_%28Paryusana%29_celebrations%2C_New_York_City_Jain_temple.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Das_Lakshana_%28Paryusana%29_celebrations%2C_New_York_City_Jain_temple.JPG/440px-Das_Lakshana_%28Paryusana%29_celebrations%2C_New_York_City_Jain_temple.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Das_Lakshana" class="mw-redirect" title="Das Lakshana">Das Lakshana</a> (Paryushana) celebrations at the <a href="/wiki/Jain_Center_of_America" title="Jain Center of America">Jain Center of America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_area#Religion" title="Indians in the New York City metropolitan area">New York City</a>, the oldest Jain temple in the <a href="/wiki/Western_hemisphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Western hemisphere">Western hemisphere</a><a href="#cite_note-QueensOldestJainTempleWesternHemisphere-116">[116]</a></figcaption></figure> Adherents of <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> first arrived in the United States in the 20th century. Jain immigration became more significant in the second half of the 20th century. The U.S. has since become the epicenter of the Jain diaspora. Jains in America are also one of the highest-earning <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic_status" title="Socioeconomic status">socio-economic adherents</a> of any religion in the United States. The <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Jain_Associations_in_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Federation of Jain Associations in North America">Federation of Jain Associations in North America</a> is an umbrella organization of local American and Canadian Jain congregations.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Unlike India and United Kingdom, the Jain community in United States does not find sectarian differences—both <a href="/wiki/Digambara" title="Digambara">Digambara</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Av%C4%93t%C4%81mbara" class="mw-redirect" title="Śvētāmbara">Śvētāmbara</a> share a common roof.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Muslims">Muslims</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Muslims">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">Islam in the United States</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Minhaj" title="Hasan Minhaj">Hasan Minhaj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fareed_Zakaria" title="Fareed Zakaria">Fareed Zakaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Ansari" title="Aziz Ansari">Aziz Ansari</a>,<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> and Pir <a href="/wiki/Vilayat_Inayat_Khan" title="Vilayat Inayat Khan">Vilayat Inayat Khan</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> are few well-known Indian American Muslims. <a href="/wiki/Indian_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Muslim">Indian Muslim</a> Americans also congregate with other <a href="/wiki/American_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="American Muslims">American Muslims</a>, including those from <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> when there are events particularly related to their faith and religious believes as the same can be applied for any other religious community, but there are prominent organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Muslim_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Muslim Council">Indian Muslim Council – USA</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> contain notable numbers of <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">mosques</a> utilized by Muslims of Indian origin. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Christians">Christians</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Christians">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christianity in the United States</a></div> There are many <a href="/wiki/Indian_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Christian">Indian Christian</a> churches across the US, including <a href="/wiki/India_Pentecostal_Church_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="India Pentecostal Church of God">India Pentecostal Church of God</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Assemblies of God in India">Assemblies of God in India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Full_Gospel)_in_India" title="Church of God (Full Gospel) in India">Church of God (Full Gospel) in India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_South_India" title="Church of South India">Church of South India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_North_India" title="Church of North India">Church of North India</a>, Christhava Tamil Koil, <a href="/wiki/The_Pentecostal_Mission" title="The Pentecostal Mission">The Pentecostal Mission</a>, Sharon Pentecostal Church, Independent Non Denominational Churches like Heavenly Feast, <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a>. <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Saint Thomas Christians</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Church" title="Syro-Malabar Church">Syro-Malabar Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara Catholic Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Syrian_Church" title="Chaldean Syrian Church">Chaldean Syrian Church</a>, Kanna Church, <a href="/wiki/Malankara_Orthodox_Syrian_Church" title="Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church">Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Syrian_Christian_Church" title="Jacobite Syrian Christian Church">Jacobite Syrian Christian Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/CSI_Syrian_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="CSI Syrian Christians">CSI Syrian Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" title="Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Mar Thoma Syrian Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Syrian_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal Syrian Christians">Pentecostal Syrian Christians</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Thomas_Evangelical_Church_of_India" title="St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India">St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a>) from <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> have established their own places of worship across the United States.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The website USIndian.org has collected a comprehensive list of all the traditional St. Thomas Christian Churches in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> There are also Catholic Indians hailing originally from <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> and Kerala, who attend the same services as other <a href="/wiki/American_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="American Catholic">American Catholics</a>, but may celebrate the feast of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_Xavier" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Francis Xavier">Saint Francis Xavier</a> as a special event of their identity.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The Indian Christian Americans have formed the Federation of Indian American Christian Organizations of North America (FIACONA) to represent a network of Indian Christian organizations in the U.S. FIACONA estimates the Indian American <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Christian</a> population to be 1,050,000.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The Syro-Malabar Church, an Eastern Catholic Church, native to India since the 1st century,<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> established St. Thomas Syro-Malabar diocese of Chicago was established in the year 2001.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> St. Thomas day is celebrated in this church on July 3 every year.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Others">Others</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Others">edit</a>]</div> The large <a href="/wiki/Parsis" title="Parsis">Parsi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irani_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irani (India)">Irani</a> community is represented by the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Zoroastrian_Associations_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America">Federation of Zoroastrian Associations of North America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Jews">Indian Jews</a> are perhaps the smallest organized religious group among Indian Americans, consisting of approximately 350 members in the U.S. They form the Indian Jewish Congregation of USA, with their headquarters in New York City.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Deepavali/Diwali,_Eid/Ramadan_as_school_holidays">Deepavali/Diwali, Eid/Ramadan as school holidays</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Deepavali/Diwali, Eid/Ramadan as school holidays">edit</a>]</div> Momentum has been growing to recognize the <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Dharmic</a> holy day <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Deepavali</a> (Diwali) as a holiday on <a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">school district</a> calendars in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City metropolitan area">New York City metropolitan area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DiwaliNewJersey1-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-DiwaliNewJersey2-135">[135]</a> <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_area" title="Indians in the New York City metropolitan area">New York City</a> announced in October 2022 that Diwali would be an official school holiday commencing in 2023.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> <a href="/wiki/Passaic,_New_Jersey" title="Passaic, New Jersey">Passaic, New Jersey</a> established Diwali as a school holiday in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-DiwaliNewJersey1-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-DiwaliNewJersey2-135">[135]</a> <a href="/wiki/South_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="South Brunswick, New Jersey">South Brunswick, New Jersey</a> in 2010 became the first of the many school districts with large Indian student populations in <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Middlesex County, New Jersey">Middlesex County</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> to add Diwali to the school calendar.<a href="#cite_note-DiwaliNewJersey2-135">[135]</a> <a href="/wiki/Glen_Rock,_New_Jersey" title="Glen Rock, New Jersey">Glen Rock, New Jersey</a> in February 2015 became the first municipality in <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey#Indian_American" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County</a>, with its own burgeoning Indian population post-2010,<a href="#cite_note-factfinder2.census.gov2-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> to recognize Diwali as an annual school holiday,<a href="#cite_note-BergenCountyDiwali2-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-BergenCountyDiwali1-140">[140]</a> while thousands in Bergen County celebrated the first <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">U.S. county</a>-wide <a href="/wiki/Mela" class="mw-redirect" title="Mela">Diwali Mela</a> festival under a unified <a href="/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)" title="Sponsor (commercial)">sponsorship</a> banner in 2016,<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Fair_Lawn,_New_Jersey" title="Fair Lawn, New Jersey">Fair Lawn</a> in Bergen County has celebrated an internationally prominent annual <a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a> celebration since 2022.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Diwali/Deepavali is also recognized by <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey">Monroe Township, New Jersey</a>. Efforts have been undertaken in <a href="/wiki/Millburn,_New_Jersey" title="Millburn, New Jersey">Millburn</a>,<a href="#cite_note-DiwaliNewJersey1-134">[134]</a> Monroe Township, <a href="/wiki/West_Windsor-Plainsboro_Regional_School_District" title="West Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District">West Windsor-Plainsboro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernards_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Bernards Township, New Jersey">Bernards Township</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_Brunswick,_New_Jersey" title="North Brunswick, New Jersey">North Brunswick, New Jersey</a>,<a href="#cite_note-DiwaliNewJersey2-135">[135]</a> <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, as well as in New York City (ultimately successfully),<a href="#cite_note-EidDiwali-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-DiwaliEid-146">[146]</a> among other school districts in the metropolitan region, to make Diwali a holiday on the school calendar. According to the <a href="/wiki/Star-Ledger" class="mw-redirect" title="Star-Ledger">Star-Ledger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edison,_New_Jersey" title="Edison, New Jersey">Edison, New Jersey</a> councilman Sudhanshu Prasad has noted parents' engagement in making Deepavali a holiday there; while in Jersey City, the four schools with major Asian Indian populations mark the holiday by inviting parents to the school buildings for festivities.<a href="#cite_note-DiwaliNewJersey2-135">[135]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> Elementary School is located in <a href="/wiki/Passaic,_New_Jersey" title="Passaic, New Jersey">Passaic, New Jersey</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> Efforts are also progressing toward making Diwali and Eid official holidays at all 24 school districts in Middlesex County.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> At least 12 school districts on Long Island closed for Diwali in 2022,<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> and over 20 in New Jersey.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> In March 2015, New York City <a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Mayor Bill de Blasio</a> officially declared the <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> holy days <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid al-Adha</a> holidays on the school calendar.<a href="#cite_note-EidDiwali-145">[145]</a> School districts in <a href="/wiki/Paterson,_New_Jersey" title="Paterson, New Jersey">Paterson</a> and South Brunswick, New Jersey observe <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DiwaliNewJersey2-135">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Ethnicity">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Racial_classification_of_Indian_Americans" title="Racial classification of Indian Americans">Racial classification of Indian Americans</a></div> Like the terms "Asian American" or "<a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Americans" title="South Asian Americans">South Asian American</a>", the term "Indian American" is also an umbrella label applying to a variety of views, values, lifestyles, and appearances. Although Asian Indian Americans retain a high ethnic identity, they are known to <a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">assimilate</a> into American culture while at the same time keeping the culture of their ancestors.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linguistic_affiliation">Linguistic affiliation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Linguistic affiliation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiran_Desai_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Kiran_Desai_2015.jpg/170px-Kiran_Desai_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Kiran_Desai_2015.jpg/255px-Kiran_Desai_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Kiran_Desai_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="464" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kiran_Desai" title="Kiran Desai">Kiran Desai</a>, winner of the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Man_Booker_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Man Booker Prize">Man Booker Prize</a></figcaption></figure> The United States is home to various associations that promote Indian languages and cultures. Some major organizations include: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Telugu_Association" title="American Telugu Association">American Telugu Association</a> (ATA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Kannada_Kootas_of_America" title="Association of Kannada Kootas of America">Association of Kannada Kootas of America</a> (AKKA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Kerala_Associations_in_North_America" title="Federation of Kerala Associations in North America">Federation of Kerala Associations in North America</a> (FOKANA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Tamil_Sangams_of_North_America" title="Federation of Tamil Sangams of North America">Federation of Tamil Sangams of North America</a> (FeTNA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_America_Vishwa_Kannada_Association" title="North America Vishwa Kannada Association">North America Vishwa Kannada Association</a> (NAVIKA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Bengali_Conference" title="North American Bengali Conference">North American Bengali Conference</a> (NABC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Association_of_North_America" title="Telugu Association of North America">Telugu Association of North America</a> (TANA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Odisha_Society_of_the_Americas" title="The Odisha Society of the Americas">The Odisha Society of the Americas</a> (OSA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra_Mandal" title="Maharashtra Mandal">Maharashtra Mandal</a> (MM)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_technology">Culture and technology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Culture and technology">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food_companies">Food companies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Food companies">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Patel_Brothers" title="Patel Brothers">Patel Brothers</a> is a supermarket chain serving the <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Indians">Indian diaspora</a>, with 57 locations in 19 U.S. states—primarily located in the <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_area" title="Indians in the New York City metropolitan area">New Jersey/New York Metropolitan Area</a>, due to its large <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_area" title="Indians in the New York City metropolitan area">Indian population</a>, and with the <a href="/wiki/East_Windsor,_New_Jersey" title="East Windsor, New Jersey">East Windsor</a>/<a href="/wiki/Monroe_Township,_Middlesex_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monroe Township, Middlesex County, New Jersey">Monroe Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> location representing the world's largest and busiest Indian grocery store outside India. <a href="/wiki/Deep_Foods" title="Deep Foods">Deep Foods</a>, founded in 1977 in New Jersey, is one of the largest Indian food companies in the US.<a href="#cite_note-:02-152">[152]</a> Specializing in frozen Indian food, their products were sold in around 20,000 stores as of 2024.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_Indian_Americans_in_the_Business_and_technology_industry">Notable Indian Americans in the Business and technology industry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notable Indian Americans in the Business and technology industry">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parag_Agrawal" title="Parag Agrawal">Parag Agrawal</a>, former <a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a> of <a href="/wiki/Twitter,_Inc." title="Twitter, Inc.">Twitter, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Banga" title="Ajay Banga">Ajay Banga</a>, President of <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiju_Bhatt" title="Baiju Bhatt">Baiju Bhatt</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Robinhood_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robinhood (company)">Robinhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Bharat" title="Krishna Bharat">Krishna Bharat</a>, Computer scientist; founder of Google News</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jayashree_Ullal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jayashree Ullal (page does not exist)">Jayashree Ullal</a>, 2024 Forbes 400 Billionaire, President and CEO of Arista Networks, a computer networking firm, since 2008</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajeev_Jain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajeev Jain (page does not exist)">Rajeev Jain</a>, 2024 Forbes 400 Billionaire, founder of GQG Partners.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakesh_Gangwal" title="Rakesh Gangwal">Rakesh Gangwal</a>, 2024 Forbes 400 Billionaire, cofounder of Indigo Airlines.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Narasimhan" title="Vasant Narasimhan">Vasant Narasimhan</a>, CEO of Novartis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C.K._Prahalad" class="mw-redirect" title="C.K. Prahalad">C. K. Prahalad</a> – Late world-renowned management guru</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Shriram" title="Ram Shriram">Ram Shriram</a>, Billionaire venture capitalist</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrika_Tandon" title="Chandrika Tandon">Chandrika Tandon</a>, Businesswoman and artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinod_Khosla" title="Vinod Khosla">Vinod Khosla</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Krishna" title="Arvind Krishna">Arvind Krishna</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabeer_Bhatia" title="Sabeer Bhatia">Sabeer Bhatia</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Hotmail" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotmail">Hotmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjit_Biswas" title="Sanjit Biswas">Sanjit Biswas</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Meraki" title="Cisco Meraki">Cisco Meraki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samsara_(company)" title="Samsara (company)">Samsara (company)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Chaudhry" title="Jay Chaudhry">Jay Chaudhry</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Zscaler" title="Zscaler">Zscaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundar_Pichai" title="Sundar Pichai">Sundar Pichai</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/Alphabet_Inc." title="Alphabet Inc.">Alphabet</a>, the parent company of <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxman_Narasimhan" title="Laxman Narasimhan">Laxman Narasimhan</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantanu_Narayen" title="Shantanu Narayen">Shantanu Narayen</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Inc." title="Adobe Inc.">Adobe Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a>, chairwoman and former CEO of <a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a></li> <li>Nirav Tolia, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/Nextdoor" title="Nextdoor">Nextdoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurbaksh_Chahal" title="Gurbaksh Chahal">Gurbaksh Chahal</a>, founder of online advertising services ClickAgent and BlueLithium</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaji_Srinivasan" title="Balaji Srinivasan">Balaji Srinivasan</a>, co-founder of genomics company <a href="/wiki/Counsyl" class="mw-redirect" title="Counsyl">Counsyl</a>, Chief Technology Officer of <a href="/wiki/Coinbase" title="Coinbase">Coinbase</a></li> <li>Jagdeep Singh, founder of <a href="/wiki/QuantumScape" title="QuantumScape">QuantumScape</a>, optical hardware company Lightera Networks, and telecommunications company <a href="/wiki/Infinera" title="Infinera">Infinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Ravikant" title="Naval Ravikant">Naval Ravikant</a>, co-founder of <a href="/wiki/AngelList" title="AngelList">AngelList</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reena_Ninan" title="Reena Ninan">Reena Ninan</a>, owner of Good Trouble Productions</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:343px;max-width:343px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:123px;max-width:123px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:148px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Mindy_Kaling_Jan_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mindy Kaling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mindy_Kaling_Jan_2023.jpg/121px-Mindy_Kaling_Jan_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mindy_Kaling_Jan_2023.jpg/182px-Mindy_Kaling_Jan_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mindy_Kaling_Jan_2023.jpg/242px-Mindy_Kaling_Jan_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="1102" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:118px;max-width:118px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:148px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Kal_Penn,_Office_of_Public_Engagement.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Kal Penn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Kal_Penn%2C_Office_of_Public_Engagement.jpg/116px-Kal_Penn%2C_Office_of_Public_Engagement.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Kal_Penn%2C_Office_of_Public_Engagement.jpg/174px-Kal_Penn%2C_Office_of_Public_Engagement.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Kal_Penn%2C_Office_of_Public_Engagement.jpg/232px-Kal_Penn%2C_Office_of_Public_Engagement.jpg 2x" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="1087" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:96px;max-width:96px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:148px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheetal_Sheth_Cover_of_CHI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sheetal Sheth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sheetal_Sheth_Cover_of_CHI.jpg/94px-Sheetal_Sheth_Cover_of_CHI.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sheetal_Sheth_Cover_of_CHI.jpg/141px-Sheetal_Sheth_Cover_of_CHI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sheetal_Sheth_Cover_of_CHI.jpg/188px-Sheetal_Sheth_Cover_of_CHI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="1279" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:111px;max-width:111px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:142px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Hasan_Minhaj_2013_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hasan Minhaj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Hasan_Minhaj_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg/109px-Hasan_Minhaj_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Hasan_Minhaj_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg/164px-Hasan_Minhaj_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Hasan_Minhaj_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg/218px-Hasan_Minhaj_2013_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="434" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:97px;max-width:97px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:142px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Kumari_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Raja Kumari" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Raja_Kumari_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg/95px-Raja_Kumari_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Raja_Kumari_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg/143px-Raja_Kumari_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Raja_Kumari_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg/190px-Raja_Kumari_2019_by_Glenn_Francis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3338" data-file-height="5008" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:142px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Sendhil_Ramamurthy_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sendhil Ramamurthy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sendhil_Ramamurthy_%281%29.jpg/126px-Sendhil_Ramamurthy_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sendhil_Ramamurthy_%281%29.jpg/189px-Sendhil_Ramamurthy_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Sendhil_Ramamurthy_%281%29.jpg/252px-Sendhil_Ramamurthy_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="1219" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Various celebrities, from top, left to right: <a href="/wiki/Mindy_Kaling" title="Mindy Kaling">Mindy Kaling</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kal_Penn" title="Kal Penn">Kal Penn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sheetal_Sheth" title="Sheetal Sheth">Sheetal Sheth</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Minhaj" title="Hasan Minhaj">Hasan Minhaj</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raja_Kumari" title="Raja Kumari">Raja Kumari</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sendhil_Ramamurthy" title="Sendhil Ramamurthy">Sendhil Ramamurthy</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> radio stations are available in areas with high Indian populations, for example, Punjabi Radio USA, Easy96.com in the New York City metropolitan area, <a href="/wiki/KLOK_(AM)" title="KLOK (AM)">KLOK 1170 AM</a> in San Francisco, <a href="/wiki/KSJO" title="KSJO">KSJO Bolly 92.3FM</a> in San Jose, RBC Radio; Radio Humsafar, Desi Junction in Chicago; Radio Salaam Namaste and FunAsia Radio in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>; and Masala Radio, FunAsia Radio, Sangeet Radio, Radio Naya Andaz in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washington_Bangla_Radio_on_Internet" title="Washington Bangla Radio on Internet">Washington Bangla Radio on Internet</a> from the Washington DC Metro Area. There are also some radio stations broadcasting in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> within these communities.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> Houston-based <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> Kaaranji radio focuses on a multitude of programs for children and adults.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> AVS (Asian Variety Show) and Namaste America are South Asian programming available in most of the U.S. that is free to air and can be watched with a television <a href="/wiki/Antenna_(radio)" title="Antenna (radio)">antenna</a>. Several <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite television</a> providers offer Indian channels: <a href="/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Television_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Entertainment Television (India)">Sony TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zee_TV" title="Zee TV">Zee TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/TV_Asia" title="TV Asia">TV Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Plus">Star Plus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sahara_One" title="Sahara One">Sahara One</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colors_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colors (TV channel)">Colors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sun_TV_(India)" title="Sun TV (India)">Sun TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/ETV_(Telugu)" title="ETV (Telugu)">ETV</a>, Big Magic, regional channels, and others have offered Indian content for subscription, such as the <a href="/wiki/Cricket_World_Cup" title="Cricket World Cup">Cricket World Cup</a>. There is also an American cricket channel called <a href="/wiki/Willow_(TV_channel)" title="Willow (TV channel)">Willow</a>. Many metropolitan areas with large Indian American populations now have movie theaters which specialize in showing <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Indian movies</a>, especially from <a href="/wiki/Tamil_cinema" title="Tamil cinema">Kollywood (Tamil)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_cinema" title="Telugu cinema">Tollywood (Telugu)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood (Hindi)</a>. In July 2005, <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a> premiered a spin-off network called <a href="/wiki/MTV_Desi" title="MTV Desi">MTV Desi</a> which targets Indian Americans.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> It has been discontinued by MTV. In 2012, the film <a href="/wiki/Not_a_Feather,_but_a_Dot" title="Not a Feather, but a Dot">Not a Feather, but a Dot</a> directed by Teju Prasad, was released which investigates the history, perceptions and changes in the Indian American community over the last century. In popular media, several Indian American personalities have made their mark in recent years, including <a href="/wiki/Ashok_Amritraj" title="Ashok Amritraj">Ashok Amritraj</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._Night_Shyamalan" title="M. Night Shyamalan">M. Night Shyamalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kovid_Gupta" title="Kovid Gupta">Kovid Gupta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kal_Penn" title="Kal Penn">Kal Penn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sendhil_Ramamurthy" title="Sendhil Ramamurthy">Sendhil Ramamurthy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Padma_Lakshmi" title="Padma Lakshmi">Padma Lakshmi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hari_Kondabolu" title="Hari Kondabolu">Hari Kondabolu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karan_Brar" title="Karan Brar">Karan Brar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Ansari" title="Aziz Ansari">Aziz Ansari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Minhaj" title="Hasan Minhaj">Hasan Minhaj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poorna_Jagannathan" title="Poorna Jagannathan">Poorna Jagannathan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mindy_Kaling" title="Mindy Kaling">Mindy Kaling</a>. In the 2023 film <a href="/wiki/Spider-Man:_Across_the_Spider-Verse" title="Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse">Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse</a>, the fictional world of Mumbattan (<a href="/wiki/Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>) is introduced.<a href="#cite_note-MumbattanMumbaiManhattan-158">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indian_Independence_Day_Parade">Indian Independence Day Parade</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Indian Independence Day Parade">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_area" title="Indians in the New York City metropolitan area">Indians in the New York City metropolitan area</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_city_India_day_parade_August_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/New_York_city_India_day_parade_August_2005.jpg/220px-New_York_city_India_day_parade_August_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/New_York_city_India_day_parade_August_2005.jpg/330px-New_York_city_India_day_parade_August_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/New_York_city_India_day_parade_August_2005.jpg/440px-New_York_city_India_day_parade_August_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>New York City's annual India Day Parade, the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Independence Day">Indian Independence Day</a> parade outside India,<a href="#cite_note-NYCLargestIndiaParade-159">[159]</a> marches down <a href="/wiki/Madison_Avenue" title="Madison Avenue">Madison Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a>. The parade addresses controversial <a href="/wiki/Topic_and_comment" title="Topic and comment">themes</a>, including racism, <a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">sexism</a>, corruption, and <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a>.</figcaption></figure> The annual New York City India Day Parade, held on or approximately every August 15 since 1981, is the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Independence Day">Indian Independence Day</a> parade outside of India<a href="#cite_note-NYCLargestIndiaParade-159">[159]</a> and is hosted by The Federation of Indian Associations (FIA). According to the website of <a href="/wiki/Baruch_College" title="Baruch College">Baruch College</a> of the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">City University of New York</a>, "The FIA, which came into being in 1970 is an <a href="/wiki/Umbrella_organization" title="Umbrella organization">umbrella organization</a> meant to represent the diverse Indian population of NYC. Its mission is to promote and further the interests of its 500,000 members and to collaborate with other Indian cultural organization. The FIA acts as a mouth piece for the diverse Indian Asian population in United States, and is focused on furthering the interests of this diverse community. The parade begins on <a href="/wiki/38th_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="38th Street (Manhattan)">East 38th Street</a> and continues down <a href="/wiki/Madison_Avenue" title="Madison Avenue">Madison Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> until it reaches <a href="/wiki/28th_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="28th Street (Manhattan)">28th Street</a>. At the review stand on 28th Street, the grand marshal and various celebrities greet onlookers. Throughout the parade, participants find themselves surrounded by the saffron, white and green colors of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">Indian flag</a>. They can enjoy Indian food, merchandise booths, live dancing and music present at the Parade. After the parade is over, various cultural organizations and dance schools participate in program on <a href="/wiki/23rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="23rd Street (Manhattan)">23rd Street</a> and Madison Avenue until 6PM."<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> The New York/New Jersey metropolitan region's second-largest India Independence Day parade takes place in <a href="/wiki/Little_India,_Edison/Iselin" class="mw-redirect" title="Little India, Edison/Iselin">Little India, Edison/Iselin</a> in Middlesex County, New Jersey, annually in August. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sikh_Day_Vaisakhi_Parade">Sikh Day Vaisakhi Parade</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sikh Day Vaisakhi Parade">edit</a>]</div> The world's largest Sikh Day Parade outside India celebrating <a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a> and the season of renewal is held in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> annually in April. The parade is widely regarded as being one of the most colourful parades.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Progress">Progress</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Progress">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dinesh_D%27Souza_(50755833428)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Dinesh_D%27Souza_%2850755833428%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Dinesh_D%27Souza_%2850755833428%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Dinesh_D%27Souza_%2850755833428%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Dinesh_D%27Souza_%2850755833428%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Dinesh_D%27Souza_%2850755833428%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Dinesh_D%27Souza_%2850755833428%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2865" data-file-height="3584" /></a><figcaption>Political Commentator <a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">Dinesh D'Souza</a> </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Timeline">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>1600: Beginning of the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Thakur-16">[16]</a></li> <li>1635: An "East Indian" is documented present in <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown, Virginia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-indian_slaves-17">[17]</a></li> <li>1680: Due to <a href="/wiki/Anti-miscegenation_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Anti-miscegenation laws in the United States">anti-miscegenation laws</a>, a mixed-race girl born to an Indian father and an Irish mother is classified as <a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">mulatto</a> and sold into slavery.<a href="#cite_note-Thakur-16">[16]</a></li> <li>1790: The first officially confirmed Indian immigrant arrives in the United States from <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a>, South India, on a British ship.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></li> <li>1899–1914: The first significant wave of Indian immigrants arrives in the United States, mostly consisting of Sikh farmers and businessmen from the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab region</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a>. They arrive in <a href="/wiki/Angel_Island_(California)" title="Angel Island (California)">Angel Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> via <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>. They start businesses including farms and lumber mills in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>.</li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Bhicaji_Balsara" title="Bhicaji Balsara">Bhicaji Balsara</a> becomes the first known Indian-born person to gain naturalised U.S. citizenship. As a <a href="/wiki/Parsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsi">Parsi</a>, he was considered a "pure member of the Persian sect" and therefore a free White person. The judge <a href="/wiki/Emile_Henry_Lacombe" title="Emile Henry Lacombe">Emile Henry Lacombe</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_District_of_New_York" title="Southern District of New York">Southern District of New York</a>, only gave Balsara citizenship on the hope that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="United States attorney">United States attorney</a> would indeed challenge his decision and appeal it to create "an authoritative interpretation" of the law. The U.S. attorney adhered to Lacombe's wishes and took the matter to the Circuit Court of Appeals in 1910. The Circuit Court of Appeal agrees that Parsis are classified as white.<a href="#cite_note-auto-34">[34]</a></li> <li>1912: The first Sikh <a href="/wiki/Gurdwara" title="Gurdwara">gurdwara</a> opens in <a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.</li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/A._K._Mozumdar" title="A. K. Mozumdar">A. K. Mozumdar</a> becomes the second Indian-born person to earn U.S. citizenship, having convinced the <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane</a> district judge that he was "Caucasian" and met the requirements of naturalization law that restricted citizenship to free White persons. In 1923, as a result of <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Bhagat_Singh_Thind" title="United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind">United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind</a>, his citizenship was revoked.</li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Dhan_Gopal_Mukerji" title="Dhan Gopal Mukerji">Dhan Gopal Mukerji</a> obtains a graduate degree from Stanford University, studying also at University of California, Berkeley and later goes on to win the <a href="/wiki/Newbery_Medal" title="Newbery Medal">Newbery Medal</a> in 1928, and thus becomes the first successful India-born man of letters in the United States, as well as the first popular Indian writer in English.</li> <li>1917: The <a href="/wiki/Barred_Zone_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Barred Zone Act">Barred Zone Act</a> passes in Congress through two-thirds majority, overriding President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>'s earlier veto. Asians, including Indians, are barred from entering the United States.</li> <li>1918: Due to <a href="/wiki/Anti-miscegenation_laws" title="Anti-miscegenation laws">anti-miscegenation laws</a>, there was significant controversy in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> when an Indian farmer B. K. Singh married the sixteen-year-old daughter of one of his <a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White American</a> tenants.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a></li> <li>1918: Private Raghunath N. Banawalkar is the first Indian American recruited into the U.S. Army on February 25, 1918, and serves in the Sanitary Detachment of the 305th Infantry Regiment, 77th Division, American Expeditionary Forces in <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a>. Gassed while on active service in October 1918 and subsequently awarded Purple Heart medal.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a></li> <li>1918: Earliest record of <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> Indian Americans—Jamil Singh in <a href="/wiki/Sacramento" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento">Sacramento, California</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Yellapragada_Subbarao" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellapragada Subbarao">Yellapragada Subbarao</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Telugu_people" title="Telugu people">Telugu</a> from the state of <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> in Southern India arrived in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> on October 26, 1922. He discovered the role of <a href="/wiki/Phosphocreatine" title="Phosphocreatine">phosphocreatine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate" title="Adenosine triphosphate">adenosine triphosphate</a> (ATP) in muscular activity, which earned him an entry into biochemistry textbooks in the 1930s. He obtained his Ph.D. the same year, and went on to make other major discoveries; including the synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Aminopterin" title="Aminopterin">aminopterin</a> (later developed into <a href="/wiki/Methotrexate" title="Methotrexate">methotrexate</a>), the first cancer chemotherapy.</li> <li>1923: In <a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Bhagat_Singh_Thind" title="United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind">United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> unanimously rules that Indian people are aliens ineligible for United States citizenship. <a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh_Thind" title="Bhagat Singh Thind">Bhagat Singh Thind</a> regained his citizenship years later in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a></li> <li>1943: Republican <a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Clare Boothe Luce</a> and Democrat <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Celler" title="Emanuel Celler">Emanuel Celler</a> introduce a bill to open naturalization to Indian immigrants to the United States. Prominent Americans <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Buck" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearl Buck">Pearl Buck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Fischer" title="Louis Fischer">Louis Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Millikan" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Millikan">Robert Millikan</a> give their endorsement to the bill. President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, a Democrat, also endorses the bill, calling for an end to the "statutory discrimination against the Indians."</li> <li>1946: President <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a> signs into law the <a href="/wiki/Luce%E2%80%93Celler_Act_of_1946" class="mw-redirect" title="Luce–Celler Act of 1946">Luce–Celler Act of 1946</a>, returning the right to Indian Americans to immigrate to the United States and become naturalized citizens.</li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Dalip_Singh_Saund" title="Dalip Singh Saund">Dalip Singh Saund</a> elected to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> from <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. He was re-elected to a second and third term, winning over 60% of the vote. He is also the first Asian immigrant from any country to be elected to Congress.</li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Zubin_Mehta" title="Zubin Mehta">Zubin Mehta</a> appointed music director of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Philharmonic" title="Los Angeles Philharmonic">Los Angeles Philharmonic</a>, becoming the first person of Indian origin to become the principal conductor of a major American orchestra. Subsequently, he was appointed principal conductor of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic" title="New York Philharmonic">New York Philharmonic</a>.</li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Amar_G._Bose" class="mw-redirect" title="Amar G. Bose">Amar G. Bose</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Bose_Corporation" title="Bose Corporation">Bose Corporation</a>. He was the chairman, primary stockholder, and Technical Director at <a href="/wiki/Bose_Corporation" title="Bose Corporation">Bose Corporation</a>. He was former professor of <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a> at <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>.</li> <li>1965: President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon Johnson">Lyndon Johnson</a> signs the <a href="/wiki/INS_Act_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="INS Act of 1965">INS Act of 1965</a> into law, eliminating per-country immigration quotas and introducing immigration on the basis of professional experience and education. Satinder Mullick is one of the first to immigrate under the new law in November 1965—sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Corning_Inc." title="Corning Inc.">Corning Glass Works</a>.</li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Hargobind_Khorana" class="mw-redirect" title="Hargobind Khorana">Hargobind Khorana</a> shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley for discovering the mechanisms by which RNA codes for the synthesis of proteins. He was then on faculty at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin,_Madison" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin, Madison">University of Wisconsin, Madison</a>, but later moved to <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>.</li> <li>1974: Mafat and Tulsi Patel open the first location of <a href="/wiki/Patel_Brothers" title="Patel Brothers">Patel Brothers</a> on <a href="/wiki/Devon_Avenue" title="Devon Avenue">Devon Avenue</a> in Chicago, one of the first Indian grocery chains in America</li> <li>1975: Launch of India-West, a leading newspaper covering issues of relevance to the Indian American community.</li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Suhas_Patil" title="Suhas Patil">Suhas Patil</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Cirrus_Logic" title="Cirrus Logic">Cirrus Logic</a>, one of the first fabless semiconductor companies.</li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Vinod_Khosla" title="Vinod Khosla">Vinod Khosla</a> co-founded <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>.</li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyam Chandrasekhar</a> won the Nobel Prize for Physics; Asian Indian Women in America<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> attended the first White House Briefing for Asian American Women. (AAIWA, formed in 1980, is the 1st Indian women's organization in North America.)</li> <li>1985: Balu Natarajan becomes the first Indian American to win the <a href="/wiki/Scripps_National_Spelling_Bee" title="Scripps National Spelling Bee">Scripps National Spelling Bee</a></li> <li>1987: President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> appoints <a href="/wiki/Joy_Cherian" title="Joy Cherian">Joy Cherian</a>, the first Indian Commissioner of the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).</li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Mehrotra" title="Sanjay Mehrotra">Sanjay Mehrotra</a> co-founded <a href="/wiki/SanDisk" title="SanDisk">SanDisk</a>.</li> <li>1989: Launch of <a href="/wiki/Easy_96" title="Easy 96">RBC Radio</a>, the first South Asian-Indian radio station in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a></li> <li>1990: Shiva Subramanya (an India-born Nuclear Physicist and Space Scientist working at TRW, Inc) became the first South Asian and first Indian American to win the Medal of Merit, the <a href="/wiki/AFCEA" title="AFCEA">AFCEA</a>'s highest award for a civilian and one of the America's top defense award, in recognition of his exceptional service to AFCEA and the fields of Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence (C4I).<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Rajat_Gupta" title="Rajat Gupta">Rajat Gupta</a> elected <a href="/wiki/Managing_director" class="mw-redirect" title="Managing director">managing director</a> of <a href="/wiki/McKinsey_%26_Company" title="McKinsey & Company">McKinsey & Company</a>, the first Indian-born CEO of a multinational company.</li> <li>1994: Guitarist <a href="/wiki/Kim_Thayil" title="Kim Thayil">Kim Thayil</a>, of Indian origin, wins Grammy award for his Indian inspired guitarwork on the album Superunknown by his band <a href="/wiki/Soundgarden" title="Soundgarden">Soundgarden</a>.</li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Raj_Reddy" title="Raj Reddy">Raj Reddy</a> received the ACM Turing Award (with <a href="/wiki/Edward_Feigenbaum" title="Edward Feigenbaum">Edward Feigenbaum</a>) "For pioneering the design and construction of large scale artificial intelligence systems, demonstrating the practical importance and potential commercial impact of artificial intelligence technology."</li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Pradeep_Sindhu" title="Pradeep Sindhu">Pradeep Sindhu</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Juniper_Networks" title="Juniper Networks">Juniper Networks</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Rajat_Gupta" title="Rajat Gupta">Rajat Gupta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anil_Kumar" title="Anil Kumar">Anil Kumar</a> of <a href="/wiki/McKinsey_%26_Company" title="McKinsey & Company">McKinsey & Company</a> co-found the <a href="/wiki/Indian_School_of_Business" title="Indian School of Business">Indian School of Business</a>.<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kalpana_Chawla,_NASA_photo_portrait_in_orange_suit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Kalpana_Chawla%2C_NASA_photo_portrait_in_orange_suit.jpg/220px-Kalpana_Chawla%2C_NASA_photo_portrait_in_orange_suit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Kalpana_Chawla%2C_NASA_photo_portrait_in_orange_suit.jpg/330px-Kalpana_Chawla%2C_NASA_photo_portrait_in_orange_suit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Kalpana_Chawla%2C_NASA_photo_portrait_in_orange_suit.jpg/440px-Kalpana_Chawla%2C_NASA_photo_portrait_in_orange_suit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kalpana_Chawla" title="Kalpana Chawla">Kalpana Chawla</a></figcaption></figure></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Kalpana_Chawla" title="Kalpana Chawla">Kalpana Chawla</a>, one of the six-member crew of STS-87 mission, becomes the first Indian American astronaut.</li> <li>1999: NASA names the third of its four "Great Observatories" <a href="/wiki/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory" title="Chandra X-ray Observatory">Chandra X-ray Observatory</a> after <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a> the Indian-born American astrophysicist and a Nobel laureate.</li> <li>1999: Filmmaker <a href="/wiki/M._Night_Shyamalan" title="M. Night Shyamalan">M. Night Shyamalan</a> enters film history with his film <a href="/wiki/The_Sixth_Sense" title="The Sixth Sense">The Sixth Sense</a> becoming one of the all-time highest-grossing films worldwide.</li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Rono_Dutta" title="Rono Dutta">Rono Dutta</a> becomes the president of <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a>.</li> <li>2001: Professor <a href="/wiki/Dipak_C._Jain" title="Dipak C. Jain">Dipak C. Jain</a> (born in <a href="/wiki/Tezpur" title="Tezpur">Tezpur</a> – <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>) appointed as dean of the <a href="/wiki/Kellogg_School_of_Management" title="Kellogg School of Management">Kellogg School of Management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University" title="Northwestern University">Northwestern University</a>.</li> <li>2002: Professor of statistics <a href="/wiki/Calyampudi_Radhakrishna_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao">Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao</a> is awarded <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> by President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>.</li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Abhi_Talwalkar" title="Abhi Talwalkar">Abhi Talwalkar</a> becomes president and chief executive officer of <a href="/wiki/LSI_Corporation" title="LSI Corporation">LSI Corporation</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a> (born in <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>) appointed as CEO of <a href="/wiki/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a>.</li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Bobby Jindal</a> is elected governor of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> and is the first person of Indian descent to be elected governor of an American state.</li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Renu_Khator" title="Renu Khator">Renu Khator</a> appointed to a dual-role as chancellor of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston_System" title="University of Houston System">University of Houston System</a> and president of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Houston" title="University of Houston">University of Houston</a>.</li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Francisco_D%27Souza" title="Francisco D'Souza">Francisco D'Souza</a> appointed as the president and CEO and of <a href="/wiki/Cognizant_Technology_Solutions" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognizant Technology Solutions">Cognizant Technology Solutions</a>. He is one of the youngest chief executive officers in the software services sector at the age 38 in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.</li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Pandit" title="Vikram Pandit">Vikram Pandit</a> (born in <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>) appointed as CEO of <a href="/wiki/Citigroup" title="Citigroup">Citigroup</a>. He was previously the president and CEO of the Institutional Securities and Investment Banking Group at <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a>.</li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Shantanu_Narayen" title="Shantanu Narayen">Shantanu Narayen</a> appointed as <a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a> of <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</a>.</li> <li>2008: Treasury Secretary <a href="/wiki/Henry_Paulson" title="Henry Paulson">Henry Paulson</a> appoints <a href="/wiki/Neel_Kashkari" title="Neel Kashkari">Neel Kashkari</a> as the Interim U.S. Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability.</li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Raj_Chetty" title="Raj Chetty">Raj Chetty</a> appointed as professor of economics at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> the age of 29, one of the youngest ever to receive tenure of <a href="/wiki/Professorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Professorship">professorship</a> in the Department of Economics at Harvard.</li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Jha_(businessman)" title="Sanjay Jha (businessman)">Sanjay Jha</a> appointed as Co-<a href="/wiki/CEO" class="mw-redirect" title="CEO">CEO</a> of <a href="/wiki/Motorola,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Motorola, Inc.">Motorola, Inc.</a>.</li> <li>2008: Establishment of the <a href="/wiki/South_Asian_American_Digital_Archive" title="South Asian American Digital Archive">South Asian American Digital Archive</a> (SAADA) to document the history of the South Asian American community.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Satya_Nadella.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Satya_Nadella.jpg/220px-Satya_Nadella.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Satya_Nadella.jpg/330px-Satya_Nadella.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Satya_Nadella.jpg/440px-Satya_Nadella.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1731" data-file-height="1503" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a> CEO of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sundar_Pichai_(cropped1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Sundar_Pichai_%28cropped1%29.jpg/220px-Sundar_Pichai_%28cropped1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Sundar_Pichai_%28cropped1%29.jpg/330px-Sundar_Pichai_%28cropped1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Sundar_Pichai_%28cropped1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sundar_Pichai" title="Sundar Pichai">Sundar Pichai</a> CEO of <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>2009: President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> appoints <a href="/wiki/Preet_Bharara" title="Preet Bharara">Preet Bharara</a> (born in <a href="/wiki/Firozpur" title="Firozpur">Firozpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>; graduate of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a> Class of 1990 and <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Law_School" title="Columbia Law School">Columbia Law School</a> Class of 1993) as United States attorney for the Southern District of New York <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farah_Pandith" title="Farah Pandith">Farah Pandith</a> appointed as Special Representative to Muslim Communities for the United States Department of State.</li> <li>2009: President Barack Obama appoints <a href="/wiki/Aneesh_Paul_Chopra" class="mw-redirect" title="Aneesh Paul Chopra">Aneesh Paul Chopra</a> as the first American Federal Chief Technology Officer of the United States (CTO).</li> <li>2009: President Barack Obama appoints <a href="/wiki/Eboo_Patel" title="Eboo Patel">Eboo Patel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anju_Bhargava" title="Anju Bhargava">Anju Bhargava</a> on President's Advisory Council on Faith Based and Neighborhood Partnerships.</li> <li>2009: President Barack Obama appoints <a href="/wiki/Vinai_Thummalapally" title="Vinai Thummalapally">Vinai Thummalapally</a> as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Belize" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Belize">U.S. Ambassador to Belize</a></li> <li>2009: President Barack Obama nominates <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Shah" title="Rajiv Shah">Rajiv Shah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">M.D.</a> as the new head of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">United States Agency for International Development</a>.</li> <li>2009: President Barack Obama nominates <a href="/wiki/Islam_A._Siddiqui" title="Islam A. Siddiqui">Islam A. Siddiqui</a> as the Chief Agricultural Negotiator in the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative.</li> <li>2010: President of Harvard University <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Drew_Gilpin_Faust" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine Drew Gilpin Faust">Catherine Drew Gilpin Faust</a> appoints <a href="/wiki/Nitin_Nohria" title="Nitin Nohria">Nitin Nohria</a> as the tenth dean of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a>.</li> <li>2010: President of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Zimmer" title="Robert Zimmer">Robert Zimmer</a> appoints <a href="/wiki/Sunil_Kumar_(academic_administrator)" title="Sunil Kumar (academic administrator)">Sunil Kumar</a> as the dean of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Booth_School_of_Business" title="University of Chicago Booth School of Business">University of Chicago Booth School of Business</a>.</li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Deven_Sharma" title="Deven Sharma">Deven Sharma</a> appointed president of <a href="/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard & Poor's">Standard & Poor's</a>.</li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Ajaypal_Singh_Banga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajaypal Singh Banga">Ajaypal Banga</a> appointed president and CEO of <a href="/wiki/MasterCard" class="mw-redirect" title="MasterCard">MasterCard</a>.</li> <li>2010: President Barack Obama nominates <a href="/wiki/Subra_Suresh" title="Subra Suresh">Subra Suresh</a>, Dean of Engineering at <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> as director of <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a>.</li> <li>2010: Year marks the most candidates of Indian origin, running for political offices in the United States, including candidates such as <a href="/wiki/Ami_Bera" title="Ami Bera">Ami Bera</a>.</li> <li>2010: State Representative <a href="/wiki/Nikki_Haley" title="Nikki Haley">Nikki Haley</a> is elected Governor of <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> and becomes the first Indian American woman and second Indian American in general to serve as governor of a U.S. state.</li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Jamshed_Bharucha" title="Jamshed Bharucha">Jamshed Bharucha</a> named president of <a href="/wiki/Cooper_Union" title="Cooper Union">Cooper Union</a>. Previous to that, he was appointed dean of the Faculty of Arts & Sciences at <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> in 2001, the first Indian American dean at an <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> institution, and Provost at <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a> in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Satish_K._Tripathi" title="Satish K. Tripathi">Satish K. Tripathi</a> appointed as President of <a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo,_The_State_University_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="University at Buffalo, The State University of New York">University at Buffalo, The State University of New York</a>.</li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Rohit_Gupta" title="Rohit Gupta">Rohit Gupta</a> wins over 100 international awards and accolades for his films <a href="/wiki/Life!_Camera_Action..." title="Life! Camera Action...">Life! Camera Action...</a> and <a href="/wiki/Another_Day_Another_Life_(short_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Another Day Another Life (short film)">Another Day Another Life</a>.</li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Bobby Jindal</a> is re-elected <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Louisiana" title="Governor of Louisiana">Governor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>.</li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Ami_Bera" title="Ami Bera">Ami Bera</a> is elected to the House of Representatives from California.</li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Vistasp_Karbhari" title="Vistasp Karbhari">Vistap Karbhari</a> appointed as president of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Arlington" title="University of Texas at Arlington">University of Texas at Arlington</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Sri_Srinivasan" title="Sri Srinivasan">Sri Srinivasan</a> is confirmed as a Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.</li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Nina_Davuluri" title="Nina Davuluri">Nina Davuluri</a> wins <a href="/wiki/Miss_America_2014" title="Miss America 2014">Miss America 2014</a>.</li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Arun_M._Kumar" title="Arun M. Kumar">Arun M Kumar</a> appointed as assistant secretary and director general of the U.S. and Foreign Commercial Service, International Trade Administration in the Department of Commerce.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a> appointed as CEO of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vivek_Murthy,_Surgeon_General_(profile).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vivek_Murthy%2C_Surgeon_General_%28profile%29.jpg/220px-Vivek_Murthy%2C_Surgeon_General_%28profile%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vivek_Murthy%2C_Surgeon_General_%28profile%29.jpg/330px-Vivek_Murthy%2C_Surgeon_General_%28profile%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Vivek_Murthy%2C_Surgeon_General_%28profile%29.jpg/440px-Vivek_Murthy%2C_Surgeon_General_%28profile%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vivek_Murthy" title="Vivek Murthy">Vivek Murthy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States" title="Surgeon General of the United States">Surgeon General of U.S.</a>; former Vice Admiral of U.S. Health Corps</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Vivek_Murthy" title="Vivek Murthy">Vivek Murthy</a> appointed as the nineteenth <a href="/wiki/Surgeon_General_of_the_United_States" title="Surgeon General of the United States">Surgeon General of the United States</a>. He returned to the role again in 2021 to serve as the twenty-first Surgeon General.</li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Rakesh_Khurana" title="Rakesh Khurana">Rakesh Khurana</a> appointed as the dean of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_College" title="Harvard College">Harvard College</a>, the original founding college of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>.</li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Manjul_Bhargava" title="Manjul Bhargava">Manjul Bhargava</a> wins Fields Medal in Mathematics.</li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Sundar_Pichai" title="Sundar Pichai">Sundar Pichai</a> appointed as the chairman and CEO of <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>.</li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Pramila_Jayapal" title="Pramila Jayapal">Pramila Jayapal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ro_Khanna" title="Ro Khanna">Ro Khanna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Raja_Krishnamoorthi" title="Raja Krishnamoorthi">Raja Krishnamoorthi</a> are elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. This puts the total number of people of Indian and South Asian origin in Congress at 5, the largest in history.</li> <li>2016: President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> nominates <a href="/wiki/Seema_Verma" title="Seema Verma">Seema Verma</a> to lead the <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Medicare_and_Medicaid_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services">Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services</a>. Her nomination is confirmed in 2017.</li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Hasan_Minhaj" title="Hasan Minhaj">Hasan Minhaj</a> roasts President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> at the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Correspondents%27_Association" title="White House Correspondents' Association">White House Correspondents' Association</a> Dinner, becoming the first Indian American and Muslim American to perform at the event.</li> <li>2017: President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> nominates <a href="/wiki/Ajit_Pai" title="Ajit Pai">Ajit Pai</a> as chairman of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ajit_Pai_portrait_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ajit_Pai_portrait_2018.jpg/220px-Ajit_Pai_portrait_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ajit_Pai_portrait_2018.jpg/330px-Ajit_Pai_portrait_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ajit_Pai_portrait_2018.jpg/440px-Ajit_Pai_portrait_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3014" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ajit_Pai" title="Ajit Pai">Ajit Pai</a>, Former Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/FCC" class="mw-redirect" title="FCC">FCC</a>; Currently serves as a partner at <a href="/wiki/Searchlight_Capital" title="Searchlight Capital">Searchlight Capital</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Balvir_Singh" title="Balvir Singh">Balvir Singh</a> was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Burlington_County,_New_Jersey" title="Burlington County, New Jersey">Burlington County</a> <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Chosen_Freeholders" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Chosen Freeholders">Board of Chosen Freeholders</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> on November 7, 2017. He became the first Asian-American to win a countywide election in Burlington County and the first <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh-American</a> to win a countywide election in New Jersey.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a></li> <li>2019: Seven out of the eight winners of the <a href="/wiki/Scripps_National_Spelling_Bee" title="Scripps National Spelling Bee">Scripps National Spelling Bee</a> (Saketh Sundar, Abhijay Kodali, Shruthika Padhy, Sohum Sukhatankar, Christopher Serrao, Rohan Raja, and Rishik Gandhasri), are Indian Americans. They have broken the spelling bee according to several experts and have dominated this American institution.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Lilly_Singh" title="Lilly Singh">Lilly Singh</a> became the first person of Indian descent to host an American major broadcast network late-night talk show <a href="/wiki/A_Little_Late_with_Lilly_Singh" title="A Little Late with Lilly Singh">A Little Late with Lilly Singh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Abhijit_Banerjee" title="Abhijit Banerjee">Abhijit Banerjee</a> is awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nobelpressrelease-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Kash_Patel" title="Kash Patel">Kash Patel</a> is named chief of staff to the Acting Defense Secretary Chris Miller.</li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Arvind_Krishna" title="Arvind Krishna">Arvind Krishna</a> appointed as the CEO of <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a>, born to an Indian mother, became the first woman and first Indian origin Vice President of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Anirudh_Devgan" title="Anirudh Devgan">Anirudh Devgan</a> appointed as the CEO and President of <a href="/wiki/Cadence_Design_Systems" title="Cadence Design Systems">Cadence Design Systems</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Parag_Agrawal" title="Parag Agrawal">Parag Agrawal</a> appointed as the CEO of <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Laxman_Narasimhan" title="Laxman Narasimhan">Laxman Narasimhan</a> appointed CEO of <a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a></li> <li>2022: Shruti Miyashiro appointed as the President and CEO of <a href="/wiki/Digital_Federal_Credit_Union" title="Digital Federal Credit Union">Digital Federal Credit Union</a> (DCU).<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Aruna_Miller" title="Aruna Miller">Aruna Miller</a> elected the first <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian-American</a> lieutenant governor of Maryland and first <a href="/wiki/South_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian">South Asian</a> woman elected lieutenant governor in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Neal_Mohan" title="Neal Mohan">Neal Mohan</a> was appointed as the fourth CEO of <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a></li> <li>2023: World Bank board elects <a href="/wiki/Ajay_Banga" title="Ajay Banga">Ajay Banga</a> as president.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classification">Classification</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Classification">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Racial_classification_of_Indian_Americans" title="Racial classification of Indian Americans">Racial classification of Indian Americans</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nina_Davuluri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Davuluri speaking, wearing her Miss America tiara, large earrings, and a long necklace of red flowers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Nina_Davuluri.jpg/170px-Nina_Davuluri.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Nina_Davuluri.jpg/255px-Nina_Davuluri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Nina_Davuluri.jpg/340px-Nina_Davuluri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3321" data-file-height="5103" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nina_Davuluri" title="Nina Davuluri">Nina Davuluri</a>, Miss America 2014</figcaption></figure> According to the <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">official U.S. racial categories</a> employed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a> and other U.S. government agencies, American citizens or <a href="/wiki/Resident_alien" class="mw-redirect" title="Resident alien">resident aliens</a> who marked "Asian Indian" as their ancestry or wrote in a term that was automatically classified as an Asian Indian became classified as part of the Asian race at the 2000 Census.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> As with other modern official U.S. government racial categories, the term "Asian" is in itself a broad and <a href="/wiki/Heterogeneous" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterogeneous">heterogeneous</a> classification, encompassing all peoples with origins in the original peoples of the <a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. In previous decades, Indian Americans were also variously classified as <a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White American</a>, the "Hindu race," and "other."<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> Even today, where individual Indian Americans do not racially self-identify, and instead report <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a> as their "race" in the "some other race" section without noting their country of origin, they are automatically tallied as white.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> This may result in the counting of persons such as <a href="/wiki/Indian_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Muslims">Indian Muslims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Jews">Indian Jews</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Parsi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Parsi people">Indian Zoroastrians</a> as white, if they solely report their religious heritage without their national origin. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_issues">Current issues</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Current issues">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discrimination">Discrimination</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Discrimination">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_South_Asians" title="Stereotypes of South Asians">Stereotypes of South Asians</a></div> In the 1980s, a gang known as the <a href="/wiki/Dotbusters" title="Dotbusters">Dotbusters</a> specifically targeted Indian Americans in <a href="/wiki/India_Square" title="India Square">Jersey City, New Jersey</a> with violence and harassment.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> Studies of <a href="/wiki/Racial_discrimination" title="Racial discrimination">racial discrimination</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Stereotyping" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereotyping">stereotyping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">scapegoating</a> of Indian Americans have been conducted in recent years.<a href="#cite_note-Dhillon-194">[194]</a> In particular, racial discrimination against Indian Americans in the workplace has been correlated with <a href="/wiki/Indophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Indophobia">Indophobia</a> due to the rise in <a href="/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">outsourcing</a>/<a href="/wiki/Offshoring" title="Offshoring">offshoring</a>, whereby Indian Americans are blamed for U.S. companies offshoring <a href="/wiki/White-collar_worker" title="White-collar worker">white-collar</a> labor to <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yee-196">[196]</a> According to the offices of the Congressional Caucus on India, many Indian Americans are severely concerned of a backlash, though nothing serious has taken place.<a href="#cite_note-Yee-196">[196]</a> Due to various socio-cultural reasons, implicit racial discrimination against Indian Americans largely go unreported by the Indian American community.<a href="#cite_note-Dhillon-194">[194]</a> Numerous cases of religious stereotyping of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">American Hindus</a> (mainly of Indian origin) have also been documented.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> Since the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 attacks">September 11, 2001 attacks</a>, there have been scattered incidents of Indian Americans becoming mistaken targets for <a href="/wiki/Hate_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hate crimes">hate crimes</a>. In one example, a <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balbir_Singh_Sodhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Balbir Singh Sodhi">Balbir Singh Sodhi</a>, was murdered at a <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a> gas station by a <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacist</a>. This happened after <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murderer</a> claimed that his <a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">turban</a> made him think that the victim was a <a href="/wiki/Middle-Eastern_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle-Eastern Americans">Middle Eastern American</a>.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> In another example, a <a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">pizza</a> deliverer was mugged and beaten in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> for "being <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>" though the victim pleaded with the assailants that he was in fact a <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> In December 2012, an Indian American in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> was pushed from behind onto the tracks at the 40th Street-Lowery Street station in <a href="/wiki/Sunnyside,_Queens" title="Sunnyside, Queens">Sunnyside</a> and killed.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> The police arrested a woman, Erika Menendez, who admitted to the act and justified it, stating that she shoved him onto the tracks because she believed he was "a Hindu or a Muslim" and she wanted to retaliate for the attacks of September 11, 2001.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> In 2004, New York Senator <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> joked at a fundraising event with South Asians for <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Farmer" title="Nancy Farmer">Nancy Farmer</a> that <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> owned a gas station in downtown <a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, fueling the stereotype that gas stations are owned by Indians and other South Asians. She clarified in the speech later that she was just joking, but still received some criticism for the statement later on for which she apologized again.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> On April 5, 2006, the Hindu Mandir of Minnesota was vandalized allegedly on the basis of <a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">religious discrimination</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> The vandals damaged temple property leading to $200,000 worth of damage.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> On August 11, 2006, Senator <a href="/wiki/George_Allen_(U.S._politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Allen (U.S. politician)">George Allen</a> allegedly referred to an opponent's political staffer of Indian ancestry as "<a href="/wiki/Macaca_(slur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Macaca (slur)">macaca</a>" and commenting, "Welcome to America, to the real world of Virginia." Some members of the Indian American community saw Allen's comments, and the backlash that may have contributed to Allen <a href="/wiki/Macaca_moment" class="mw-redirect" title="Macaca moment">losing his re-election bid</a>, as demonstrative of the power of <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> in the 21st century.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> In 2006, then <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">Senator</a> and current <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S President</a> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> was caught on <a href="/wiki/Microphone" title="Microphone">microphone</a> saying: "In Delaware, the largest growth in population is Indian Americans moving from India. You cannot go to a 7-Eleven or a Dunkin' Donuts unless you have a slight Indian accent. I'm not joking."<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> On August 5, 2012, white supremacist Wade Michael Page shot eight people and killed six at a <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Sikh_temple_shooting" title="Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting">Sikh gurdwara in Oak Creek, Wisconsin</a>. On February 22, 2017, recent immigrants Srinivas Kuchibhotla and Alok Madasani were shot at a bar in <a href="/wiki/Olathe,_Kansas" title="Olathe, Kansas">Olathe, Kansas</a> by Adam Purinton, a white American who mistook them for persons of Middle Eastern descent, yelling "get out of my country" and "terrorist." Kuchibhotla died instantly while Madasani was injured, but later recovered.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> Punjabi Sikh Americans in <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a> suffered many losses in their community on April 15, 2021, during the <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_FedEx_shooting" title="Indianapolis FedEx shooting">Indianapolis FedEx shooting</a> in which gunman Brandon Scott Hole, with a currently unknown motive, entered a FedEx warehouse and killed eight people, half of whom were Sikh. The Sikh victims were Jaswinder Singh, Jasvinder Kaur, Amarjit Sekhon, and Amarjeet Johal. 90% of the workers at the facility were Sikh according to some accounts.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> Another Sikh, Taptejdeep Singh, was one of the nine people killed in the <a href="/wiki/2021_San_Jose_shooting" title="2021 San Jose shooting">San Jose shooting</a> on May 26, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Immigration">edit</a>]</div> Indians are among the largest ethnic groups legally immigrating to the United States. The immigration of Indians has taken place in several waves since the first Indian moved to the United States in the 1700s. A major wave of immigration to California from the region of Punjab took place in the first decade of the 20th century. Another significant wave followed in the 1950s which mainly included students and professionals. The elimination of immigration quotas in 1965 spurred successively larger waves of immigrants in the late 1970s and early 1980s. With the technology boom of the 1990s, the largest influx of Indians arrived between 1995 and 2000. This latter group has also caused surge in the application for various immigration benefits including applications for green card. This has resulted in long waiting periods for people born in India from receiving these benefits. As of 2012, over 330,000 Indians were on the visa wait list, third only to <a href="/wiki/Mexican_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican people">Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Filipino_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino people">The Philippines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wait_times_pdf_2012-212">[212]</a> In December, 2015, over 30 Indian students seeking admission in two U.S. universities—<a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley_University" title="Silicon Valley University">Silicon Valley University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Polytechnic_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Northwestern Polytechnic University">Northwestern Polytechnic University</a>—were denied entry by <a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">Customs and Border Protection</a> and were deported to India. Conflicting reports suggested that the students were deported because of the controversies surrounding the above-mentioned two universities. However, another report suggested that the students were deported as they had provided conflicting information at the time of their arrival in the U.S. to what was mentioned in their visa application. "According to the U.S. Government, the deported persons had presented information to the border patrol agent which was inconsistent with their visa status," read an advisory published by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs (India)</a> which was published in the Hindustan Times.<a href="#cite_note-timesofindia.indiatimes.com-213">[213]</a> Following the incident, the Indian government asked the U.S. government to honour the visas given by its embassies and consulates. In response, the United States embassy advised the students considering studying in the U.S. to seek assistance from Education USA.<a href="#cite_note-timesofindia.indiatimes.com-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citizenship">Citizenship</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Citizenship">edit</a>]</div> Unlike many countries, India does not allow <a href="/wiki/Dual_citizenship" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual citizenship">dual citizenship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> Consequently, many Indian citizens residing in U.S., who do not want to lose their Indian nationality, do not apply for American citizenship (ex. <a href="/wiki/Raghuram_Rajan" title="Raghuram Rajan">Raghuram Rajan</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a>). However, many Indian Americans obtain <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Citizenship_of_India" title="Overseas Citizenship of India">Overseas Citizenship of India</a> (OCI) status, which allows them to live and work in India indefinitely. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage">Marriage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Marriage">edit</a>]</div> Arranged marriages and relationships have been a common cultural tradition in many South Asian cultures, particularly among Indian communities. Arranged marriages and relationships can take many different forms, and that the experiences of those involved can vary greatly depending on a variety of circumstances, including cultural background, familial values, and individual preferences. Although many individuals marry each other out of love for one another, long-term compatibility—rather than love—is frequently prioritized in these arranged marriages. A number of variables could be important in the selecting process, including caste, education, financial standing, and family values. The public's perception of arranged marriages is changing, particularly among younger people. In an effort to strike a balance between family participation and personal preference, some people may decide to combine aspects of both love and planned marriages.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Income_disparities">Income disparities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Income disparities">edit</a>]</div> Although Indian Americans have the highest average and median household income of any demographic group in America, there exist significant and severe income disparities among various communities of Indian Americans. In <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, the average family income of Indian Americans was roughly $273,000, while in <a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno</a>, the average family income of Indian Americans was only $24,000, an eleven-fold difference.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illegal_immigration">Illegal immigration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Illegal immigration">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration to the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asian_American#Illegal_immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Illegal immigration amongst Asian Americans</a></div> In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a> estimated that there were 200,000 Indian <a href="/wiki/Unauthorized_immigrant" class="mw-redirect" title="Unauthorized immigrant">unauthorized immigrants</a>; they are the sixth largest nationality (tied with Koreans) of illegal immigrants behind <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> Indian Americans have had an increase in illegal immigration of 25% since 2000.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> estimated that there are 450,000 undocumented Indians in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_2">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_South_Asian_American%E2%80%93related_publications" title="List of South Asian American–related publications">List of South Asian American–related publications</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> Several groups have tried to create a voice for Indian Americans in political affairs, including the <a href="/wiki/United_States_India_Political_Action_Committee" title="United States India Political Action Committee">United States India Political Action Committee</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] and the Indian American Leadership Initiative,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] as well as panethnic groups such as South Asian Americans Leading Together and Desis Rising Up and Moving.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> Additionally, there are industry groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Asian_American_Hotel_Owners_Association" title="Asian American Hotel Owners Association">Asian American Hotel Owners Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Physicians_of_Indian_Origin" title="American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin">American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin</a>. In the 2000s, a majority of Indian Americans have tended to identify as moderates, and have often leaned <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> in several recent elections. In the <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 presidential election</a>, a poll from the National Asian American Survey reported that 68% of Indian Americans planned to vote for <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> Polls before the <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004 presidential election</a> showed Indian Americans favoring Democratic candidate <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> over <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> by a 53% to 14% margin, with 30% undecided at the time.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> By 2004, the Republican party endeavored to target this community for political support,<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> and in 2007, Republican Congressman <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Bobby Jindal</a> became the first United States Governor of Indian descent when he was elected <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Louisiana" title="Governor of Louisiana">Governor of Louisiana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Nikki_Haley" title="Nikki Haley">Nikki Haley</a>, also of Indian descent and a fellow Republican, became <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Carolina" title="Governor of South Carolina">Governor of South Carolina</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_gubernatorial_election,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="South Carolina gubernatorial election, 2010">2010</a>. Republican <a href="/wiki/Neel_Kashkari" title="Neel Kashkari">Neel Kashkari</a> is also of Indian descent and ran for <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor of California</a> in <a href="/wiki/California_gubernatorial_election,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="California gubernatorial election, 2014">2014</a>. <a href="/wiki/Raja_Krishnamoorthi" title="Raja Krishnamoorthi">Raja Krishnamoorthi</a> who is a lawyer, engineer and community leader from <a href="/wiki/Schaumburg,_Illinois" title="Schaumburg, Illinois">Schaumburg, Illinois</a> has been the Congressman representing <a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Illinois's 8th congressional district">Illinois's 8th congressional district</a> since 2017.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a><a href="/wiki/Swati_Dandekar" title="Swati Dandekar">Swati Dandekar</a> was first elected to Iowa state assembly in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-2008election-231">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a><a href="/wiki/Jenifer_Rajkumar" title="Jenifer Rajkumar">Jenifer Rajkumar</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a> district leader and the first Indian American woman elected to the state legislature in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> history.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (the daughter of a <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil</a> Indian American mother, Dr. <a href="/wiki/Shyamala_Gopalan" title="Shyamala Gopalan">Shyamala Gopalan Harris</a>, and an Afro-<a href="/wiki/Jamaican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaican American">Jamaican American</a> father, <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Harris" title="Donald J. Harris">Donald Harris</a><a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a>) became the first Indian American<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> and second African American female to serve in the U.S. Senate.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> In <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a>, Harris briefly <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign">ran</a> for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> and was later chosen as the Democratic Party's vice-presidential nominee, running alongside <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> She is currently the presumptive candidate for the Democratic ticket in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 General Election.</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 United States presidential election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vivek_Ramaswamy" title="Vivek Ramaswamy">Vivek Ramaswamy</a> ran as a candidate for the Republican Party. Ramaswamy would then leave the race to endorse <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> Indian Americans have played a significant role in promoting better <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="India–United States relations">India–United States relations</a>, turning the cold attitude of American legislators to a positive perception of India in the post-Cold War era.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ami_Bera_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Representative Ami Bera from California"><img alt="Representative Ami Bera from California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ami_Bera_official_portrait.jpg/80px-Ami_Bera_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ami_Bera_official_portrait.jpg/120px-Ami_Bera_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ami_Bera_official_portrait.jpg/160px-Ami_Bera_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2583" data-file-height="3881" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Representative <a href="/wiki/Ami_Bera" title="Ami Bera">Ami Bera</a> from California</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:12.19.17RaviBhallaByLuigiNovi2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ravinder Bhalla, 39th Mayor of Hoboken, New Jersey"><img alt="Ravinder Bhalla, 39th Mayor of Hoboken, New Jersey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/12.19.17RaviBhallaByLuigiNovi2.jpg/90px-12.19.17RaviBhallaByLuigiNovi2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/12.19.17RaviBhallaByLuigiNovi2.jpg/135px-12.19.17RaviBhallaByLuigiNovi2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/12.19.17RaviBhallaByLuigiNovi2.jpg/180px-12.19.17RaviBhallaByLuigiNovi2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ravinder_Bhalla" title="Ravinder Bhalla">Ravinder Bhalla</a>, 39th <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Mayor of Hoboken, New Jersey">Mayor of Hoboken, New Jersey</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bharara,_Preet_Headshot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Preet Bharara served as the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York."><img alt="Preet Bharara served as the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Bharara%2C_Preet_Headshot.jpg/86px-Bharara%2C_Preet_Headshot.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Bharara%2C_Preet_Headshot.jpg/128px-Bharara%2C_Preet_Headshot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Bharara%2C_Preet_Headshot.jpg/171px-Bharara%2C_Preet_Headshot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2100" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Preet_Bharara" title="Preet Bharara">Preet Bharara</a> served as the United States Attorney for the Southern District of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vin_Gopal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Representative Vin Gopal, New Jersey's 11th legislative district"><img alt="Representative Vin Gopal, New Jersey's 11th legislative district" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Vin_Gopal.jpg/84px-Vin_Gopal.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Vin_Gopal.jpg/125px-Vin_Gopal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Vin_Gopal.jpg/167px-Vin_Gopal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1149" data-file-height="1646" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Representative <a href="/wiki/Vin_Gopal" title="Vin Gopal">Vin Gopal</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey%27s_11th_legislative_district" title="New Jersey's 11th legislative district">New Jersey's 11th legislative district</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Nikki_Haley_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nikki Haley was the 29th United States Ambassador to the United Nations and 116th Governor of South Carolina."><img alt="Nikki Haley was the 29th United States Ambassador to the United Nations and 116th Governor of South Carolina." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Nikki_Haley_official_photo.jpg/97px-Nikki_Haley_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Nikki_Haley_official_photo.jpg/145px-Nikki_Haley_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Nikki_Haley_official_photo.jpg/193px-Nikki_Haley_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="966" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nikki_Haley" title="Nikki Haley">Nikki Haley</a> was the 29th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Nations">United States Ambassador to the United Nations</a> and 116th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Carolina" title="Governor of South Carolina">Governor of South Carolina</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kamala Harris is the Vice President of the United States and was the first person of Indian descent elected to the United States Senate"><img alt="Kamala Harris is the Vice President of the United States and was the first person of Indian descent elected to the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1537" data-file-height="2051" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> and was the first person of Indian descent elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bobby_Jindal_August_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bobby Jindal was the 58th Governor of Louisiana and a former representative."><img alt="Bobby Jindal was the 58th Governor of Louisiana and a former representative." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Bobby_Jindal_August_2015.jpg/89px-Bobby_Jindal_August_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Bobby_Jindal_August_2015.jpg/133px-Bobby_Jindal_August_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Bobby_Jindal_August_2015.jpg/178px-Bobby_Jindal_August_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3739" data-file-height="5045" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Bobby Jindal</a> was the 58th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Louisiana" title="Governor of Louisiana">Governor of Louisiana</a> and a former representative.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pramila_Jayapal_115th_Congress_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Representative Pramila Jayapal from Washington."><img alt="Representative Pramila Jayapal from Washington." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Pramila_Jayapal_115th_Congress_photo.jpg/80px-Pramila_Jayapal_115th_Congress_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Pramila_Jayapal_115th_Congress_photo.jpg/120px-Pramila_Jayapal_115th_Congress_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Pramila_Jayapal_115th_Congress_photo.jpg/160px-Pramila_Jayapal_115th_Congress_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2795" data-file-height="4200" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Representative <a href="/wiki/Pramila_Jayapal" title="Pramila Jayapal">Pramila Jayapal</a> from Washington.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ro_Khanna,_official_portrait,_115th_Congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Representative Ro Khanna from California."><img alt="Representative Ro Khanna from California." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ro_Khanna%2C_official_portrait%2C_115th_Congress.jpg/80px-Ro_Khanna%2C_official_portrait%2C_115th_Congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ro_Khanna%2C_official_portrait%2C_115th_Congress.jpg/120px-Ro_Khanna%2C_official_portrait%2C_115th_Congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ro_Khanna%2C_official_portrait%2C_115th_Congress.jpg/160px-Ro_Khanna%2C_official_portrait%2C_115th_Congress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3054" data-file-height="4588" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Representative <a href="/wiki/Ro_Khanna" title="Ro Khanna">Ro Khanna</a> from California.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Raja_Krishnamoorthi_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi from Illinois."><img alt="Representative Raja Krishnamoorthi from Illinois." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Raja_Krishnamoorthi_official_photo.jpg/80px-Raja_Krishnamoorthi_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Raja_Krishnamoorthi_official_photo.jpg/120px-Raja_Krishnamoorthi_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Raja_Krishnamoorthi_official_photo.jpg/160px-Raja_Krishnamoorthi_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="601" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Representative <a href="/wiki/Raja_Krishnamoorthi" title="Raja Krishnamoorthi">Raja Krishnamoorthi</a> from Illinois.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dalip_Singh_Saund.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dalip Singh Saund was in 1956 the first Asian American, Indian American, and member of a non-Abrahamic faith (Sikhism) to be elected to the United States Congress."><img alt="Dalip Singh Saund was in 1956 the first Asian American, Indian American, and member of a non-Abrahamic faith (Sikhism) to be elected to the United States Congress." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dalip_Singh_Saund.jpg/84px-Dalip_Singh_Saund.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dalip_Singh_Saund.jpg/127px-Dalip_Singh_Saund.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dalip_Singh_Saund.jpg/169px-Dalip_Singh_Saund.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1556" data-file-height="2208" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dalip_Singh_Saund" title="Dalip Singh Saund">Dalip Singh Saund</a> was in 1956 the first Asian American, Indian American, and member of a non-Abrahamic faith (Sikhism) to be elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Shri_Thanedar_on_The_Bart_Hawley_Show.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Representative Shri Thanedar from Michigan."><img alt="Representative Shri Thanedar from Michigan." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Shri_Thanedar_on_The_Bart_Hawley_Show.jpg/120px-Shri_Thanedar_on_The_Bart_Hawley_Show.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Shri_Thanedar_on_The_Bart_Hawley_Show.jpg/180px-Shri_Thanedar_on_The_Bart_Hawley_Show.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Shri_Thanedar_on_The_Bart_Hawley_Show.jpg/240px-Shri_Thanedar_on_The_Bart_Hawley_Show.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="1290" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Representative <a href="/wiki/Shri_Thanedar" title="Shri Thanedar">Shri Thanedar</a> from Michigan.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:1arora.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sam Arora is a former Member of the Maryland House of Delegates"><img alt="Sam Arora is a former Member of the Maryland House of Delegates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/1arora.jpg/105px-1arora.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/1arora.jpg/157px-1arora.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/1arora.jpg/210px-1arora.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2264" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Arora" title="Sam Arora">Sam Arora</a> is a former Member of the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">Maryland House of Delegates</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Americans" title="List of Indian Americans">List of Indian Americans</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_area" title="Indians in the New York City metropolitan area">Indians in the New York City metropolitan area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_Americans" title="Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Punjabi Mexican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Americans" title="South Asian Americans">South Asian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Americans" title="Telugu Americans">Telugu Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="India–United States relations">India–United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Canadians">Indian Canadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora" title="Indian diaspora">Indian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_classification_of_Indian_Americans" title="Racial classification of Indian Americans">Racial classification of Indian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_Americans" title="Romani Americans">Romani Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_diaspora" title="Romani diaspora">Romani diaspora</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLaryssa_Wirstiuk2014" class="citation news cs1">Laryssa Wirstiuk (April 21, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180630085618/http://www.jerseycityindependent.com/2014/04/neighborhood-spotlight-journal-square/">"Neighborhood Spotlight: Journal Square"</a>. 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U.S. Department of Homeland Security. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150501031722/http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2013/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2015. 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October 11, 2023. Retrieved October 14, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religion+Among+Asian+Americans&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2023-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Freligion%2F2023%2F10%2F11%2Freligion-among-asian-americans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/indians-surpass-chinese-largest-asian-alone-group-us-rcna117206">"Indians surpass Chinese as largest 'Asian-alone' group in U.S."</a> NBC News. September 26, 2023. Retrieved September 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Indians+surpass+Chinese+as+largest+%27Asian-alone%27+group+in+U.S.&rft.date=2023-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fasian-america%2Findians-surpass-chinese-largest-asian-alone-group-us-rcna117206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:HighestEarningEthnicGroupInAmerica-11"><a href="#cite_ref-:HighestEarningEthnicGroupInAmerica_11-0">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKochharCilluffo2018" class="citation news cs1">Kochhar, Rakesh; Cilluffo, Anthony (July 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2018/07/12/income-inequality-in-the-u-s-is-rising-most-rapidly-among-asians/">"Income Inequality in the U.S. Is Rising Most Rapidly Among Asians"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210404224936/https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2018/07/12/income-inequality-in-the-u-s-is-rising-most-rapidly-among-asians/">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2021. Retrieved April 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Income+Inequality+in+the+U.S.+Is+Rising+Most+Rapidly+Among+Asians&rft.date=2018-07-12&rft.aulast=Kochhar&rft.aufirst=Rakesh&rft.au=Cilluffo%2C+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fsocial-trends%2F2018%2F07%2F12%2Fincome-inequality-in-the-u-s-is-rising-most-rapidly-among-asians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?t=013%20-%20Asian%20Indian%20alone%3A014%20-%20Bangladeshi%20alone%3A015%20-%20Cambodian%20alone%3A017%20-%20Chinese%20%28except%20Taiwanese%29%20alone%3A018%20-%20Taiwanese%20alone%3A019%20-%20Filipino%20alone%3A020%20-%20Hmong%20alone%3A021%20-%20Indonesian%20alone%3A022%20-%20Japanese%20alone%3A023%20-%20Korean%20alone%3A024%20-%20Laotian%20alone%3A026%20-%20Pakistani%20alone%3A028%20-%20Thai%20alone%3A029%20-%20Vietnamese%20alone%3A051%20-%20Polynesian%20alone%3A053%20-%20Samoan%20alone%3A056%20-%20Guamanian%20or%20Chamorro%20alone%3A411%20-%20Panamanian%3A414%20-%20Argentinean%3A415%20-%20Bolivian%3A416%20-%20Chilean%3A417%20-%20Colombian%3A418%20-%20Ecuadorian%3A420%20-%20Peruvian%3A423%20-%20Spaniard%3A500%20-%20Cajun%3A502%20-%20Albanian%3A506%20-%20Egyptian%3A509%20-%20Lebanese%3A511%20-%20Palestinian%3A512%20-%20Syrian%3A513%20-%20Armenian%3A515%20-%20Australian%3A516%20-%20Austrian%3A518%20-%20Belgian%3A521%20-%20Bulgarian%3A522%20-%20Canadian%3A524%20-%20Croatian%3A525%20-%20Czech%3A527%20-%20Danish%3A528%20-%20Dutch%3A529%20-%20English%3A532%20-%20Finnish%3A533%20-%20French%20%28except%20Basque%29%3A534%20-%20French%20Canadian%3A535%20-%20German%3A536%20-%20Greek%3A537%20-%20Guyanese%3A538%20-%20Hungarian%3A540%20-%20Iranian%3A541%20-%20Irish%3A542%20-%20Israeli%3A543%20-%20Italian%3A544%20-%20Latvian%3A545%20-%20Lithuanian%3A547%20-%20Macedonian%3A549%20-%20Norwegian%3A551%20-%20Polish%3A552%20-%20Portuguese%3A553%20-%20Romanian%3A554%20-%20Russian%3A556%20-%20Scotch-Irish%3A557%20-%20Scottish%3A558%20-%20Serbian%3A560%20-%20Slovak%3A561%20-%20Slovene%3A566%20-%20Ghanaian%3A567%20-%20Nigerian%3A568%20-%20South%20African%3A569%20-%20Swedish%3A570%20-%20Swiss%3A571%20-%20Turkish%3A572%20-%20Ukrainian%3A574%20-%20Welsh%3A577%20-%20Barbadian">"S0201 | SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau (UCSB)</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212055636/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?t=013%20-%20Asian%20Indian%20alone%3A014%20-%20Bangladeshi%20alone%3A015%20-%20Cambodian%20alone%3A017%20-%20Chinese%20%28except%20Taiwanese%29%20alone%3A018%20-%20Taiwanese%20alone%3A019%20-%20Filipino%20alone%3A020%20-%20Hmong%20alone%3A021%20-%20Indonesian%20alone%3A022%20-%20Japanese%20alone%3A023%20-%20Korean%20alone%3A024%20-%20Laotian%20alone%3A026%20-%20Pakistani%20alone%3A028%20-%20Thai%20alone%3A029%20-%20Vietnamese%20alone%3A051%20-%20Polynesian%20alone%3A053%20-%20Samoan%20alone%3A056%20-%20Guamanian%20or%20Chamorro%20alone%3A411%20-%20Panamanian%3A414%20-%20Argentinean%3A415%20-%20Bolivian%3A416%20-%20Chilean%3A417%20-%20Colombian%3A418%20-%20Ecuadorian%3A420%20-%20Peruvian%3A423%20-%20Spaniard%3A500%20-%20Cajun%3A502%20-%20Albanian%3A506%20-%20Egyptian%3A509%20-%20Lebanese%3A511%20-%20Palestinian%3A512%20-%20Syrian%3A513%20-%20Armenian%3A515%20-%20Australian%3A516%20-%20Austrian%3A518%20-%20Belgian%3A521%20-%20Bulgarian%3A522%20-%20Canadian%3A524%20-%20Croatian%3A525%20-%20Czech%3A527%20-%20Danish%3A528%20-%20Dutch%3A529%20-%20English%3A532%20-%20Finnish%3A533%20-%20French%20%28except%20Basque%29%3A534%20-%20French%20Canadian%3A535%20-%20German%3A536%20-%20Greek%3A537%20-%20Guyanese%3A538%20-%20Hungarian%3A540%20-%20Iranian%3A541%20-%20Irish%3A542%20-%20Israeli%3A543%20-%20Italian%3A544%20-%20Latvian%3A545%20-%20Lithuanian%3A547%20-%20Macedonian%3A549%20-%20Norwegian%3A551%20-%20Polish%3A552%20-%20Portuguese%3A553%20-%20Romanian%3A554%20-%20Russian%3A556%20-%20Scotch-Irish%3A557%20-%20Scottish%3A558%20-%20Serbian%3A560%20-%20Slovak%3A561%20-%20Slovene%3A566%20-%20Ghanaian%3A567%20-%20Nigerian%3A568%20-%20South%20African%3A569%20-%20Swedish%3A570%20-%20Swiss%3A571%20-%20Turkish%3A572%20-%20Ukrainian%3A574%20-%20Welsh%3A577%20-%20Barbadian">Archived</a> from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved April 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=S0201+%26%23124%3B+SELECTED+POPULATION+PROFILE+IN+THE+UNITED+STATES&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Ft%3D013%2520-%2520Asian%2520Indian%2520alone%253A014%2520-%2520Bangladeshi%2520alone%253A015%2520-%2520Cambodian%2520alone%253A017%2520-%2520Chinese%2520%2528except%2520Taiwanese%2529%2520alone%253A018%2520-%2520Taiwanese%2520alone%253A019%2520-%2520Filipino%2520alone%253A020%2520-%2520Hmong%2520alone%253A021%2520-%2520Indonesian%2520alone%253A022%2520-%2520Japanese%2520alone%253A023%2520-%2520Korean%2520alone%253A024%2520-%2520Laotian%2520alone%253A026%2520-%2520Pakistani%2520alone%253A028%2520-%2520Thai%2520alone%253A029%2520-%2520Vietnamese%2520alone%253A051%2520-%2520Polynesian%2520alone%253A053%2520-%2520Samoan%2520alone%253A056%2520-%2520Guamanian%2520or%2520Chamorro%2520alone%253A411%2520-%2520Panamanian%253A414%2520-%2520Argentinean%253A415%2520-%2520Bolivian%253A416%2520-%2520Chilean%253A417%2520-%2520Colombian%253A418%2520-%2520Ecuadorian%253A420%2520-%2520Peruvian%253A423%2520-%2520Spaniard%253A500%2520-%2520Cajun%253A502%2520-%2520Albanian%253A506%2520-%2520Egyptian%253A509%2520-%2520Lebanese%253A511%2520-%2520Palestinian%253A512%2520-%2520Syrian%253A513%2520-%2520Armenian%253A515%2520-%2520Australian%253A516%2520-%2520Austrian%253A518%2520-%2520Belgian%253A521%2520-%2520Bulgarian%253A522%2520-%2520Canadian%253A524%2520-%2520Croatian%253A525%2520-%2520Czech%253A527%2520-%2520Danish%253A528%2520-%2520Dutch%253A529%2520-%2520English%253A532%2520-%2520Finnish%253A533%2520-%2520French%2520%2528except%2520Basque%2529%253A534%2520-%2520French%2520Canadian%253A535%2520-%2520German%253A536%2520-%2520Greek%253A537%2520-%2520Guyanese%253A538%2520-%2520Hungarian%253A540%2520-%2520Iranian%253A541%2520-%2520Irish%253A542%2520-%2520Israeli%253A543%2520-%2520Italian%253A544%2520-%2520Latvian%253A545%2520-%2520Lithuanian%253A547%2520-%2520Macedonian%253A549%2520-%2520Norwegian%253A551%2520-%2520Polish%253A552%2520-%2520Portuguese%253A553%2520-%2520Romanian%253A554%2520-%2520Russian%253A556%2520-%2520Scotch-Irish%253A557%2520-%2520Scottish%253A558%2520-%2520Serbian%253A560%2520-%2520Slovak%253A561%2520-%2520Slovene%253A566%2520-%2520Ghanaian%253A567%2520-%2520Nigerian%253A568%2520-%2520South%2520African%253A569%2520-%2520Swedish%253A570%2520-%2520Swiss%253A571%2520-%2520Turkish%253A572%2520-%2520Ukrainian%253A574%2520-%2520Welsh%253A577%2520-%2520Barbadian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140904211946/https://www.dol.gov/_sec/media/reports/20140828-AAPI.pdf">"The Economic Status of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the Wake of the Great Recession"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">United States Department of Labor</a>. September 4, 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dol.gov/_sec/media/reports/20140828-AAPI.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on September 4, 2014. 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September 23, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210306030553/https://gulfnews.com/world/americas/indians-in-america-make-100000-on-average-highest-earning-ethnic-group-1.1569215954674">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2021. 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Retrieved April 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=March+of+the+desis+in+US%3A+Best+educated%2C+richest%2C+and+growing&rft.date=2021-08-24&rft.au=Chidanand+Rajghatta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fmarch-of-the-desis-in-us-best-educated-richest-and-growing%2Farticleshow%2F85590343.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/migrate/indians-in-us-wealthier-with-average-household-earning-of-123700-report/articleshow/85623601.cms">"Indians in US wealthier with average household earning of $123,700: Report"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. August 25, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210825200621/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/migrate/indians-in-us-wealthier-with-average-household-earning-of-123700-report/articleshow/85623601.cms">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2021. 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Retrieved April 18, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Indian+Americans+are+the+Highest-Paid+Asian+Americans%2C+Labor+Department+Report+Shows&rft.date=2016-10-14&rft.aulast=Trottman&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Findiarealtime%2F2016%2F10%2F14%2Findian-americans-are-the-highest-paid-asian-americans-labor-department-report-shows%2F%3Freflink%3Ddesktopwebshare_permalink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrottman2016" class="citation news cs1">Trottman, Melanie (October 15, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/international/indian-americans-are-the-highest-paid-asian-americans-labor-department-report-shows-116101500524_1.html">"Indian Americans are the highest-paid Asian Americans, Labor Department report shows"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Standard" title="Business Standard">Business Standard</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161018204726/https://www.business-standard.com/article/international/indian-americans-are-the-highest-paid-asian-americans-labor-department-report-shows-116101500524_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2016. 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Retrieved July 23, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T01001TOTAL+POPULATION&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Ftable%2FDECENNIALDDHCA2020.T01001%3Fq%3DAsian%2520indian%26g%3D010XX00US%2C%240400000%26y%3D2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChakravortyKapurSingh2017xviii-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChakravortyKapurSingh2017xviii_87-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChakravortyKapurSingh2017">Chakravorty, Kapur & Singh 2017</a>, pp. xviii. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanjoy_Chakravorty,_Devesh_Kapur,_and_Nirvikar_Singh2017" class="citation web cs1">Sanjoy Chakravorty, Devesh Kapur, and Nirvikar Singh (January 20, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/india/889483/from-25000-to-250000-americas-little-indias-are-high-tech-hubs-working-class-neighborhoods-and-everything-in-between">"America's "little Indias" are high-tech hubs, working-class neighborhoods, and everything in between"</a>. Retrieved June 2, 2023. <q>The India-born came to the United States in three phases: the Early Movers (1965-1979), the Families (1980–1994), and the IT Generation (1995 onward)… Early Movers and the Families cohorts can be combined into a single group, Settlers 1.0 (1965– 1994), composed primarily of Punjabis and Gujaratis (and to a lesser extent, Urdu and Malayalam speakers). The IT Generation (1995 onward) can be called Settlers 2.0, and they were primarily Telugus, Tamils, and Hindi speakers (and to a lesser extent, Kannadigas, Marathis, and Bengalis). These two groups were distinguishable by age, tenure in the United States, educational attainment, industry and occupation, and income.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=America%27s+%22little+Indias%22+are+high-tech+hubs%2C+working-class+neighborhoods%2C+and+everything+in+between&rft.date=2017-01-20&rft.au=Sanjoy+Chakravorty%2C+Devesh+Kapur%2C+and+Nirvikar+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2Findia%2F889483%2Ffrom-25000-to-250000-americas-little-indias-are-high-tech-hubs-working-class-neighborhoods-and-everything-in-between&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanjoy_Chakravorty,_Devesh_Kapur,_and_Nirvikar_Singh2017" class="citation web cs1">Sanjoy Chakravorty, Devesh Kapur, and Nirvikar Singh (January 20, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/india/889483/from-25000-to-250000-americas-little-indias-are-high-tech-hubs-working-class-neighborhoods-and-everything-in-between">"America's "little Indias" are high-tech hubs, working-class neighborhoods, and everything in between"</a>. Retrieved June 2, 2023. <q>At the extremes—such as Punjabis and Telugus—the group outcomes were so different that one could argue they shared a country of origin, but little else. Settlers 2.0… were increasing in demographic dominance at this writing, and driving the key characteristics of settlement, education, and income for the overall Indian population. At the same time, the educational attainment and income differences between Settlers 1.0 and Settlers 2.0 raise serious questions about fragmentation in the Indian-American population and the long-term effects of such divergent paths.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=America%27s+%22little+Indias%22+are+high-tech+hubs%2C+working-class+neighborhoods%2C+and+everything+in+between&rft.date=2017-01-20&rft.au=Sanjoy+Chakravorty%2C+Devesh+Kapur%2C+and+Nirvikar+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2Findia%2F889483%2Ffrom-25000-to-250000-americas-little-indias-are-high-tech-hubs-working-class-neighborhoods-and-everything-in-between&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-data.census.gov-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-data.census.gov_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-data.census.gov_90-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/table?q=punjabi&tid=ACSDT1Y2021.B16001">"B16001LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME BY ABILITY TO SPEAK ENGLISH FOR THE POPULATION 5 YEARS AND OVER"</a>. data.census.gov. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:035;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:035;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:035;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:035&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-format=">the original</a> on February 12, 2020. Retrieved December 16, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+demographic+census&rft.au=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fservlet%2FIPTable%3F_bm%3Dy%26-geo_id%3D01000US%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR%26-reg%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201%3A035%3BACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR%3A035%3BACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T%3A035%3BACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR%3A035%26-ds_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_%26-_lang%3Den%26-format%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_Census_Bureau,_Filipino_or_in_any_combination-94"><a href="#cite_ref-US_Census_Bureau,_Filipino_or_in_any_combination_94-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Census_Bureau" class="citation web cs1">United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212034029/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:038&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-format=">"US demographic census"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:038;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:038&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-format=">the original</a> on February 12, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+demographic+census&rft.au=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fservlet%2FIPTable%3F_bm%3Dy%26-geo_id%3D01000US%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR%26-reg%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201%3A038%3BACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR%3A038%3BACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T%3A038%3BACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR%3A038%26-ds_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_%26-_lang%3Den%26-format%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_Census_Bureau,_Asian_Indian_or_in_any_combination-95"><a href="#cite_ref-US_Census_Bureau,_Asian_Indian_or_in_any_combination_95-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Census_Bureau" class="citation web cs1">United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200212040120/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:032&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-format=">"US demographic census"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:032;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:032&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-format=">the original</a> on February 12, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+demographic+census&rft.au=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fservlet%2FIPTable%3F_bm%3Dy%26-geo_id%3D01000US%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T%26-qr_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR%26-reg%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201%3A032%3BACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR%3A032%3BACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T%3A032%3BACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR%3A032%26-ds_name%3DACS_2005_EST_G00_%26-_lang%3Den%26-format%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssisi2007" class="citation web cs1">Assisi, Francis C. 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Retrieved February 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glen+Rock+schools+to+close+for+Diwali&rft.pub=North+Jersey+Media+Group&rft.date=2015-02-24&rft.au=Chris+Harris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northjersey.com%2Fnews%2Fglen-rock-schools-to-close-for-diwali-1.1276918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BergenCountyDiwali1-140"><a href="#cite_ref-BergenCountyDiwali1_140-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_De_Santa2014" class="citation web cs1">Richard De Santa (December 1, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035458/http://www.northjersey.com/community-news/community-events-and-announcements/glen-rock-residents-seek-diwali-observance-at-district-schools-1.1144470">"Glen Rock residents seek Diwali observance at district schools"</a>. North Jersey Media Group. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northjersey.com/community-news/community-events-and-announcements/glen-rock-residents-seek-diwali-observance-at-district-schools-1.1144470">the original</a> on March 4, 2016. Retrieved December 1, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glen+Rock+residents+seek+Diwali+observance+at+district+schools&rft.pub=North+Jersey+Media+Group&rft.date=2014-12-01&rft.au=Richard+De+Santa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northjersey.com%2Fcommunity-news%2Fcommunity-events-and-announcements%2Fglen-rock-residents-seek-diwali-observance-at-district-schools-1.1144470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonsy_Alvarado2016" class="citation web cs1">Monsy Alvarado (October 24, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northjersey.com/news/thousands-attend-countywide-celebration-of-diwali-the-hindu-festival-of-lights-1.1681840">"Thousands attend countywide celebration of Diwali, the Hindu festival of lights"</a>. 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"Ten families started the temple 20 years ago and we have over 3,000 members now."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thousands+attend+countywide+celebration+of+Diwali%2C+the+Hindu+festival+of+lights&rft.pub=NorthJersey.com%2C+part+of+the+USA+TODAY+network&rft.date=2016-10-24&rft.au=Monsy+Alvarado&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northjersey.com%2Fnews%2Fthousands-attend-countywide-celebration-of-diwali-the-hindu-festival-of-lights-1.1681840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=1bVWT3IvurI&feature=youtu.be">[1]</a> Accessed April 3, 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanielle_Parhizkaran,_photographer2023" class="citation web cs1">Danielle Parhizkaran, photographer (March 20, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.northjersey.com/picture-gallery/news/bergen/fair-lawn/2023/03/20/photos-fair-lawn-community-celebrates-holi/11508128002/">"Photos: Fair Lawn community celebrates Holi"</a>. northjersey.com. 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Retrieved September 29, 2022. <q>Hindus seek holiday status for Diwali in all 24 school districts of Middlesex County. Rajan Zed is the president of the Universal Society of Hindus. He says establishing a holiday on Diwali in all Middlesex County school districts will be a step in the right direction to meet the religious and spiritual needs of Hindu students, who make up a significant portion of the population in the county.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+24+Middlesex+County+school+districts+should+close+on+the+Diwali+holiday&rft.pub=New+Jersey+Advance+Media&rft.date=2022-08-23&rft.au=Rajan+Zed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nj.com%2Fopinion%2F2022%2F08%2Fall-24-middlesex-county-school-districts-should-close-on-the-diwali-holiday-opinion.html%3FoutputType%3Damp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yonkerstribune.com/2022/05/12-long-island-school-districts-to-close-on-diwali-in-2022-hindus-call-for-diwali-holiday-in-all-long-island-schools">"12 Long Island School Districts to Close on Diwali in 2022: Hindus Call for Diwali Holiday in all Long Island Schools"</a>. 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Retrieved June 3, 2023. <q>Yesterday, however, we got a sneak peek at one of the most interesting promised worlds: Mumbattan, a hybrid of Manhattan and Mumbai, where Pavitr Prabhakar lives.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Look+at+Mumbattan+in+New+%27Spider-Man%3A+Across+the+Spider-Verse%27+Trailer&rft.pub=ITM&rft.date=2023-05-13&rft.au=Melanie+Weir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finsidethemagic.net%2F2023%2F05%2Fmumbattan-first-look-across-the-spider-verse-mw1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCLargestIndiaParade-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCLargestIndiaParade_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCLargestIndiaParade_159-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarina_Cuevas2015" class="citation web cs1">Karina Cuevas (August 16, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metro.us/new-york/thousands-celebrate-at-india-day-parade-along-madison-avenue/zsJohp---ZhpiKKDmo0HtI/">"Thousands celebrate at India Day Parade along Madison Avenue"</a>. 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Retrieved September 16, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Des+Moines+Register&rft.atitle=UPDATE%3A+Senator+resigns%2C+leaving+slim+Democratic+majority+in+jeopardy%3B+special+election+Nov.+8&rft.date=2011-09-16&rft.aulast=Clayworth&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.desmoinesregister.com%2Fdmr%2Findex.php%2F2011%2F09%2F16%2Fdemocratic-senator-to-resign-leaving-slim-majority-in-jeopardy-gay-marriage-vote-possible%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/ronakdesai/2016/03/17/record-number-of-indian-american-women-running-for-public-office-in-2016/">"Record Number Of Indian-American Women Running For Public Office In 2016"</a>. Forbes. March 17, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170831055432/https://www.forbes.com/sites/ronakdesai/2016/03/17/record-number-of-indian-american-women-running-for-public-office-in-2016/">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2017. Retrieved July 8, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Record+Number+Of+Indian-American+Women+Running+For+Public+Office+In+2016&rft.date=2016-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fronakdesai%2F2016%2F03%2F17%2Frecord-number-of-indian-american-women-running-for-public-office-in-2016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120115023007/http://www.jis.gov.jm/news/opm-news/26176-officePM-pm-golding-congratulates-kamala-harris-daughter-of-jamaican-on-appoint">"PM Golding congratulates Kamala Harris-daughter of Jamaican – on appointment as California's First Woman Attorney General"</a>. Jamaican Information Service. December 2, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jis.gov.jm/news/opm-news/26176-officePM-pm-golding-congratulates-kamala-harris-daughter-of-jamaican-on-appoint">the original</a> on January 15, 2012. Retrieved February 2, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PM+Golding+congratulates+Kamala+Harris-daughter+of+Jamaican+%E2%80%93+on+appointment+as+California%27s+First+Woman+Attorney+General&rft.date=2010-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jis.gov.jm%2Fnews%2Fopm-news%2F26176-officePM-pm-golding-congratulates-kamala-harris-daughter-of-jamaican-on-appoint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanbazaaronline.com/2014/09/02/california-attorney-general-kamal-harris-marries-douglas-emhoffmost-eligible-indian-american-bachelorette-marries-fellow-lawyer/">"California Attorney General Kamal Harris marries Douglas Emhof"</a>. The American Bazaar. September 2, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191006224940/https://www.americanbazaaronline.com/2014/09/02/california-attorney-general-kamal-harris-marries-douglas-emhoffmost-eligible-indian-american-bachelorette-marries-fellow-lawyer/">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2019. Retrieved November 9, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Bazaar&rft.atitle=California+Attorney+General+Kamal+Harris+marries+Douglas+Emhof&rft.date=2014-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanbazaaronline.com%2F2014%2F09%2F02%2Fcalifornia-attorney-general-kamal-harris-marries-douglas-emhoffmost-eligible-indian-american-bachelorette-marries-fellow-lawyer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calwatchdog.com/2013/04/07/why-kamala-harris-is-probably-not-thrilled-with-compliment/">"Why Kamala Harris is probably not thrilled with compliment"</a>. CalWatchdog.com. April 7, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161108234554/http://calwatchdog.com/2013/04/07/why-kamala-harris-is-probably-not-thrilled-with-compliment/">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2016. Retrieved November 9, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CalWatchdog.com&rft.atitle=Why+Kamala+Harris+is+probably+not+thrilled+with+compliment&rft.date=2013-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcalwatchdog.com%2F2013%2F04%2F07%2Fwhy-kamala-harris-is-probably-not-thrilled-with-compliment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-election-day-2016-harris-bid-would-make-her-first-1478632724-htmlstory.html">"Election Day 2016 updates: Trump defeats Clinton to become next president of U.S."</a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. November 10, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180115010440/http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-election-day-2016-harris-bid-would-make-her-first-1478632724-htmlstory.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2018. Retrieved January 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Election+Day+2016+updates%3A+Trump+defeats+Clinton+to+become+next+president+of+U.S.&rft.date=2016-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnation%2Fpolitics%2Ftrailguide%2Fla-na-election-day-2016-harris-bid-would-make-her-first-1478632724-htmlstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-election-day-2016-california-s-u-s-senate-race-kamala-1478538739-htmlstory.html">"Kamala Harris is elected California's new U.S. senator"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190629022805/https://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-election-day-2016-california-s-u-s-senate-race-kamala-1478538739-htmlstory.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2019. Retrieved November 9, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Kamala+Harris+is+elected+California%27s+new+U.S.+senator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnation%2Fpolitics%2Ftrailguide%2Fla-na-election-day-2016-california-s-u-s-senate-race-kamala-1478538739-htmlstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeff_Zeleny,_Dan_Merica,_Arlette_Saenz,_Maeve_Reston_and_Eric_Bradner2020" class="citation web cs1">Jeff Zeleny, Dan Merica, Arlette Saenz, Maeve Reston and Eric Bradner (August 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/11/politics/biden-vp-pick/index.html">"Joe Biden picks Kamala Harris as his running mate"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023121731/https://www.cnn.com/2020/08/11/politics/biden-vp-pick/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Joe+Biden+picks+Kamala+Harris+as+his+running+mate&rft.date=2020-08-11&rft.au=Jeff+Zeleny%2C+Dan+Merica%2C+Arlette+Saenz%2C+Maeve+Reston+and+Eric+Bradner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F08%2F11%2Fpolitics%2Fbiden-vp-pick%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHan2024" class="citation news cs1">Han, Jeongyoon (January 15, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2024/01/15/1224751138/vivek-ramaswamy-suspends-campaign-and-endorses-trump">"Vivek Ramaswamy suspends campaign and endorses Trump"</a>. NPR News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR+News&rft.atitle=Vivek+Ramaswamy+suspends+campaign+and+endorses+Trump&rft.date=2024-01-15&rft.aulast=Han&rft.aufirst=Jeongyoon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2024%2F01%2F15%2F1224751138%2Fvivek-ramaswamy-suspends-campaign-and-endorses-trump&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/indian-lobbying-and-its-influence-in-us-decision-making/book257644">"Indian Lobbying and its Influence in US Decision Making – SAGE Publications Inc"</a>. Us.sagepub.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171120110350/https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/indian-lobbying-and-its-influence-in-us-decision-making/book257644">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2017. Retrieved January 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Us.sagepub.com&rft.atitle=Indian+Lobbying+and+its+Influence+in+US+Decision+Making+%E2%80%93+SAGE+Publications+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fus.sagepub.com%2Fen-us%2Fnam%2Findian-lobbying-and-its-influence-in-us-decision-making%2Fbook257644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_States#Further_reading" title="Sikhism in the United States">Sikhism in the United States § Further reading</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Atkinson, David C. The burden of white supremacy: Containing Asian migration in the British empire and the United States (U North Carolina Press, 2016).</li> <li>Bacon, Jean. Life Lines: Community, Family, and Assimilation among Asian Indian Immigrants (Oxford UP, 1996).</li> <li>Bhalla, Vibha. "'Couch potatoes and super-women' Gender, migration, and the emerging discourse on housework among Asian Indian immigrants." Journal of American Ethnic History 27.4 (2008): 71–99. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27501853">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200411213608/https://www.jstor.org/stable/27501853">Archived</a> April 11, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChakravortyKapurSingh2017" class="citation book cs1">Chakravorty, Sanjoy; Kapur, Devesh; Singh, Nirvikar (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aQ81DQAAQBAJ">The Other One Percent: Indians in America</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780190648749" title="Special:BookSources/9780190648749"><bdi>9780190648749</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Other+One+Percent%3A+Indians+in+America&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780190648749&rft.aulast=Chakravorty&rft.aufirst=Sanjoy&rft.au=Kapur%2C+Devesh&rft.au=Singh%2C+Nirvikar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaQ81DQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Joshi, Khyati Y. New Roots in America's Sacred Ground: Religion, Race and Ethnicity in Indian America (Rutgers UP, 2006).</li> <li>Khandelwal, Madhulika S. Becoming American, Being Indian: An Immigrant Community in New York City (Cornell UP, 2002).</li> <li>Maira, Sunaina Marr. Desis in the House: Indian American Youth Culture in NYC (Temple UP, 2002).</li> <li>Min, Pyong Gap, and Young Oak Kim. "Ethnic and sub-ethnic attachments among Chinese, Korean, and Indian immigrants in New York City." Ethnic and Racial Studies 32.5 (2009): 758–780.</li> <li>Pavri, Tinaz. "Asian Indian Americans." Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2014), pp. 165–178. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3273300023/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=392a8160">online</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210326125819/https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=GPS&u=wikipedia&id=GALE%7CCX3273300023&v=2.1&it=r&sid=GPS&asid=392a8160">Archived</a> March 26, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRangaswamy2000" class="citation book cs1">Rangaswamy, Padma (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/namasteamericain00rang">Namasté America: Indian Immigrants in an American Metropolis</a>. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-271-01981-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-271-01981-6"><bdi>0-271-01981-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Namast%C3%A9+America%3A+Indian+Immigrants+in+an+American+Metropolis&rft.place=University+Park&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-271-01981-6&rft.aulast=Rangaswamy&rft.aufirst=Padma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnamasteamericain00rang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Rudrappa, Sharmila. Ethnic Routes to Becoming American: Indian Immigrants and the Cultures of Citizenship (Rutgers UP, 2004).</li> <li>Schlund-Vials, Cathy J., Linda Trinh Võ, and K. Scott Wong, eds. Keywords for Asian American Studies (NYU Press, 2015).</li> <li>Shukla, Sandhya. India Abroad: Diasporic Cultures of Postwar America and England (Princeton UP, 2003).</li> <li>Sohi, Seema. Echoes of Mutiny: Race, Surveillance, and Indian Anticolonialism in North America (2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Echoes-Mutiny-Surveillance-Anticolonialism-America/dp/0199376255">excerpt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160214160511/http://www.amazon.com/Echoes-Mutiny-Surveillance-Anticolonialism-America/dp/0199376255">Archived</a> February 14, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTakaki1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Takaki" title="Ronald Takaki">Takaki, Ronald</a> (1998) [1989]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/strangersfromdif0000taka">Strangers from a Different Shore: A History of Asian Americans</a> (Revised and updated ed.). New York: Back Bay Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-83130-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-83130-7"><bdi>978-0-316-83130-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/80125499">80125499</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strangers+from+a+Different+Shore%3A+A+History+of+Asian+Americans&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Revised+and+updated&rft.pub=Back+Bay+Books&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F80125499&rft.isbn=978-0-316-83130-7&rft.aulast=Takaki&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstrangersfromdif0000taka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Americans" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Thernstrom" title="Stephan Thernstrom">Thernstrom, Stephan</a>; Orlov, Ann; <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Handlin" title="Oscar Handlin">Handlin, Oscar</a>, eds. Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups, Harvard University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0674375122" title="Special:BookSources/0674375122">0674375122</a>, (1980), pp 296–301. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/harvardencyclope00ther">available to borrow online</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Americans&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiastudies.org/">The American Institute of India Studies (AIIS)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiast.indiana.edu/about/dir-message.html">Madhusudan and Kiran C. Dhar India Studies Program at Indiana University Bloomington</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saada.org/tides/article/1917-2017">From 1917 to 2017: Immigration, Exclusion, and "National Security"</a> by Seema Sohi</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iia.bartholomew.tv">Widely exhibited across museums in the US, historic photography project of Indians living in the late 1980s in America</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210515175624/http://iia.bartholomew.tv/">Archived</a> May 15, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=India&#124;link=India_Indian_diaspora" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora_in_Southeast_Africa" title="Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Kenya" title="Indians in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Madagascar" title="Indians in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritians_of_Indian_origin" title="Mauritians of Indian origin">Mauritius</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihari_Mauritians" title="Bihari Mauritians">Bihari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Mauritians" title="Tamil Mauritians">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Mozambique" title="Indians in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9unionnais_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Réunionnais of Indian origin">Réunion</a>1 (<a href="/wiki/Malbars" title="Malbars">Malbars</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Seychellois" title="Indo-Seychellois">Seychelles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Seychellois" title="Tamil Seychellois">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Tanzania" title="Indians in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Uganda" title="Indians in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Zambia" title="Indians in Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Botswana" title="Indians in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Egypt" title="Indians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Indian" title="Ghanaian Indian">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_South_Africans" title="Indian South Africans">South Africa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamil_South_Africans" title="Tamil South Africans">Tamil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Zimbabwe" title="Indians in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_people" title="Indo-Caribbean people">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Barbados" title="Indians in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Belizeans" title="Indo-Belizeans">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Indians in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Grenadians" title="Indo-Grenadians">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Guadeloupeans" title="Indo-Guadeloupeans">Guadeloupe</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Guyanese" title="Indo-Guyanese">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Haitians" title="Indo-Haitians">Haiti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marabou_(ethnicity)" title="Marabou (ethnicity)">Marabou</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Jamaicans" title="Indo-Jamaicans">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Martiniquais" title="Indo-Martiniquais">Martinique</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Indians in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Saint_Lucian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Saint Lucian">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Vincentian" title="Indo-Vincentian">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Surinamese" title="Indo-Surinamese">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo%E2%80%93Trinidadians_and_Tobagonians" title="Indo–Trinidadians and Tobagonians">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Indians in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Latin America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Argentina" title="Indians in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_immigration_to_Brazil" title="Indian immigration to Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Chile" title="Indians in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_French_Guiana" title="Indians in French Guiana">French Guiana</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Mexicans" title="Indian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Panama" title="Indians in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Peru" title="Indians in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Uruguayans" title="Indian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Venezuela" title="Indians in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anglo-America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Canadians">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_Canadians" title="Anglo-Indian Canadians">Anglo-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Canadians" title="Punjabi Canadians">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Canadians" title="Sindhi Canadians">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Canadians" title="Tamil Canadians">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians_in_British_Columbia" title="South Asian Canadians in British Columbia">British Columbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians_in_Greater_Vancouver" title="South Asian Canadians in Greater Vancouver">Vancouver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians_in_the_Greater_Toronto_Area" title="South Asian Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area">Toronto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Americans_by_location" title="Template:Indian Americans by location">by location</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_Americans" title="Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Americans" title="Gujarati Americans">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Punjabi Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Americans" title="Telugu Americans">Telugu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Afghanistan" title="Indians in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabis_in_Afghanistan" title="Punjabis in Afghanistan">Punjabi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Bangladesh" title="Indians in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_Maldives" title="Indians in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Nepalis" title="Indian Nepalis">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Pakistan" title="Indians in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Indians in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatha_people" title="Bharatha people">Bharatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Chetties" title="Sri Lankan Chetties">Chetty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Tamils_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Indian Tamils of Sri Lanka">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Telugus" title="Sri Lankan Telugus">Telugu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Brunei" title="Indians in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Cambodia" title="Indians in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Indonesians" title="Indian Indonesians">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klingalese" title="Klingalese">Klingalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mardijker_people" title="Mardijker people">Mardijker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Indonesians" title="Tamil Indonesians">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indians" title="Malaysian Indians">Malaysia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chitty" title="Chitty">Chitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Gujaratis" title="Malaysian Gujaratis">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_Peranakan" title="Jawi Peranakan">Jawi Peranakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malayalees" title="Malaysian Malayalees">Malayali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Malaysians" title="Punjabi Malaysians">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Malaysians" title="Tamil Malaysians">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Telugus" title="Malaysian Telugus">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Penang" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Penang">Penang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Sabah" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysians_of_Indian_descent_in_Sarawak" title="Malaysians of Indian descent in Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Indians" title="Burmese Indians">Myanmar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people_in_Myanmar" title="Mizo people in Myanmar">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_Tamils" title="Myanmar Tamils">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Filipino" title="Indian Filipino">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Singaporeans" title="Indian Singaporeans">Singapore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chitty" title="Chitty">Chitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Tamils" title="Singapore Tamils">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Thailand" title="Indians in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Vietnam" title="Indians in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_China" title="Indians in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asians_in_Hong_Kong" title="South Asians in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Japan" title="Indians in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Korea" title="Indians in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Taiwan" title="Indians in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Bahrain" title="Indians in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Iran" title="Indians in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Israel" title="Indians in Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Jews_in_Israel" title="Indian Jews in Israel">Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Kuwait" title="Indians in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Lebanon" title="Indians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Oman" title="Indians in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Qatar" title="Indians in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Resident_Indians_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Non-Resident Indians in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Turkey" title="Indians in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Indians in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Poland" title="Indians in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Russia" title="Indians in Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Finland" title="Indians in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Sweden" title="Indians in Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Cyprus" title="Indians in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Italy" title="Indians in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_Italy" title="Tamils in Italy">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Maltese" title="Indian Maltese">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Portugal" title="Indians in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Spain" title="Indians in Spain">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_France" title="Indians in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamils_in_France" title="Tamils in France">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Germany" title="Indians in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Germans" title="Tamil Germans">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Switzerland" title="Indians in Switzerland">Switzerland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Tamils" title="Swiss Tamils">Tamil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indians" title="British Indians">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_community_of_London" title="Indian community of London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indo-Caribbean_people" title="British Indo-Caribbean people">Indo-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Gujaratis" title="British Gujaratis">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Punjabis" title="British Punjabis">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sindhis" title="British Sindhis">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Tamil" class="mw-redirect" title="British Tamil">Tamil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Australians" title="Indian Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayali_Australians" title="Malayali Australians">Malayali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Australians" title="Punjabi Australians">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Australians" title="Tamil Australians">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Australians" title="Sindhi Australians">Sindhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Fijians" title="Indo-Fijians">Fiji</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujaratis_in_Fiji" title="Gujaratis in Fiji">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indians_in_Fiji" title="South Indians in Fiji">South Indian</a></li></ul></li> <li>New Caledonia3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_New_Zealanders" title="Indian New Zealanders">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Indians" title="Māori Indians">Maori-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_New_Zealanders" title="Punjabi New Zealanders">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_New_Zealanders" title="Tamil New Zealanders">Tamil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.30em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_diaspora#Diaspora_by_state_and_ethnolinguistic_regions_of_India" title="Indian diaspora">Ethnic diasporas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Hindu_diaspora" title="Bengali Hindu diaspora">Bengali Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_diaspora" title="Gujarati diaspora">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_diaspora" title="Kashmiri diaspora">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirpuri_diaspora" title="Mirpuri diaspora">Mirpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_diaspora" title="Mizo diaspora">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_diaspora" title="Odia diaspora">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_diaspora" title="Punjabi diaspora">Punjabi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sikh_diaspora" title="Sikh diaspora">Sikhs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_diaspora" title="Sindhi diaspora">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Indian_diaspora" title="South Indian diaspora">South Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malayali_diaspora" title="Malayali diaspora">Malayalis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Gulf_diaspora" title="Kerala Gulf diaspora">In the Gulf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_diaspora" title="Tamil diaspora">Tamils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_diaspora" title="Telugu diaspora">Telugus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian_people" title="Anglo-Indian people">Anglo-Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chindians" title="Chindians">Chindians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_diaspora" title="South Asian diaspora">South Asian diaspora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desi" title="Desi">Desi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_India" title="Little India">Little India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravasi_Bharatiya_Samman" title="Pravasi Bharatiya Samman">Non-Resident Indian Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravasi_Bharatiya_Divas" title="Pravasi Bharatiya Divas">Non-Resident Indian Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1 An <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas department</a> of France in the southwest Indian Ocean</li> <li>2<a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas departments</a> of France in the Americas</li> <li>3A <a href="/wiki/Overseas_France#Sui_generis_collectivity" title="Overseas France">sui generis collectivity</a> of France in the southwest Pacific Ocean</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_Americans_by_location" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_Americans_by_location" title="Template:Indian Americans by location"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_Americans_by_location" title="Template talk:Indian Americans by location"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_Americans_by_location" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian Americans by location"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_Americans_by_location" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian Americans</a> by location</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>California (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans_in_Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Indian Americans in Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="Indian Americans in the San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>)</li> <li>Illinois (<a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Chicago" title="Indians in Chicago">Chicago</a>)</li> <li>Michigan (<a href="/wiki/History_of_Indian_Americans_in_Metro_Detroit" title="History of Indian Americans in Metro Detroit">Detroit</a>)</li> <li>New Jersey (<a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_area" title="Indians in the New York City metropolitan area">NJ/NYC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans_in_Philadelphia" title="Indian Americans in Philadelphia">South N.J.</a>)</li> <li>New York (<a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_New_York_City_metropolitan_area" title="Indians in the New York City metropolitan area">New York City</a>)</li> <li>Pennsylvania (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans_in_Philadelphia" title="Indian Americans in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>)</li> <li>Texas (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans_in_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth" title="Indian Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth">Dallas-Fort Worth</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Indians in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asian_Americans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asian_Americans" title="Template:Asian Americans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asian_Americans" title="Template talk:Asian Americans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asian_Americans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asian Americans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asian_Americans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Asians_in_the_United_States" title="Central Asians in the United States">Central Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Americans" title="Afghan Americans">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_Americans" title="Baloch Americans">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Americans" title="Kazakh Americans">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Americans" title="Kyrgyz Americans">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Americans" title="Tajik Americans">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asians_in_the_United_States#Turkmen_Americans" title="Central Asians in the United States">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Americans" title="Uyghur Americans">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Americans" title="Uzbek Americans">Uzbek</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:WikiProject_Asian_Americans_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the United States in blue, and the nations where Asian Americans originate from in shades of orange"><img alt="Map showing the United States in blue, and the nations where Asian Americans originate from in shades of orange" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/WikiProject_Asian_Americans_map.svg/95px-WikiProject_Asian_Americans_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="95" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/WikiProject_Asian_Americans_map.svg/143px-WikiProject_Asian_Americans_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/WikiProject_Asian_Americans_map.svg/190px-WikiProject_Asian_Americans_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="574" data-file-height="341" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Americans" title="East Asian Americans">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhounese_Americans" title="Fuzhounese Americans">Fuzhounese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Americans" title="Hakka Americans">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_Americans" title="Hoklo Americans">Hoklo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Americans" title="Hong Kong Americans">Hong Kong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Americans" title="Japanese Americans">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_Americans" title="Ryukyuan Americans">Ryukyuan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Okinawans_in_Hawaii" title="Okinawans in Hawaii">Okinawans</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_in_Hawaii" title="Japanese in Hawaii">in Hawaii</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_immigration_to_Hawaii" title="Korean immigration to Hawaii">in Hawaii</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Americans" title="Mongolian Americans">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Americans" title="Taiwanese Americans">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Americans" title="Tibetan Americans">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Americans" title="South Asian Americans">South Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_Americans" title="Bangladeshi Americans">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_Americans" title="Bhutanese Americans">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Americans" title="Gujarati Americans">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Americans" title="Telugu Americans">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_Americans" title="Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_Americans" title="Maldivian Americans">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Americans" title="Nepalese Americans">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Americans" title="Pakistani Americans">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Americans" title="Sri Lankan Americans">Sri Lankan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Americans" title="Southeast Asian Americans">Southeast Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Americans" title="Burmese Americans">Burmese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Americans" title="Karen Americans">Karen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Americans" title="Cambodian Americans">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_Americans" title="Hmong Americans">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Americans" title="Indonesian Americans">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Americans" title="Laotian Americans">Laotian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Americans" title="Malaysian Americans">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_Americans" title="Singaporean Americans">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Americans" title="Thai Americans">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_Americans" title="Iu Mien Americans">Mien</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans">Asian Hispanic and Latino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Punjabi Mexican</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Multiracial Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Asians#United_States" title="Afro-Asians">Afro-Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerasian" title="Amerasian">Amerasian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asian_Americans" title="History of Asian Americans">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asian_American_immigration" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Asian American immigration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Asian_Americans" title="Military history of Asian Americans">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Americans" title="Internment of Japanese Americans">Internment of Japanese Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_arts_and_entertainment" title="Asian Americans in arts and entertainment">Arts and Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_broadcast_journalism" title="Asian Americans in broadcast journalism">Broadcast journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Asian_Americans" title="Demographics of Asian Americans">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_government_and_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Americans in government and politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_science_and_technology" title="Asian Americans in science and technology">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_sports" title="Asian Americans in sports">Sports</a></li> <li>Stereotypes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_East_and_Southeast_Asians_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereotypes of East and Southeast Asians in the United States">East and Southeast Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_South_Asians" title="Stereotypes of South Asians">South Asians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_minority_myth" title="Model minority myth">Model minority myth</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_California" title="Asian Americans in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Los_Angeles" title="Asian Americans in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_San_Francisco_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Asian Americans in San Francisco (disambiguation)">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Metro_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Americans in Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_immigration_to_Hawaii" title="Asian immigration to Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Houston" title="Asian Americans in Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Americans in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian-Americans_in_Maryland" title="Asian-Americans in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Americans in New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Nevada" title="Asian Americans in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Americans in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Philadelphia" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Americans in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Puerto_Rican" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Puerto Rican">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Washington_(state)" title="Asian Americans in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Americans in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans_in_Virginia" title="Asian Americans in Virginia">Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Demographics_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Demography_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Demography of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Demography_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Demography of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Demography_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Demography of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Demographics_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Demographic history of the United States">Demographic history</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By economic and social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Gender inequality in the United States">Gender inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_the_United_States" title="Emigration from the United States">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">Home-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Housing segregation in the United States">Housing segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Spoken_at_Home_in_the_United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Spoken at Home in the United States of America">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_demographics_of_the_United_States" title="LGBT demographics of the United States">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">Middle classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">Personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Racial inequality in the United States">Racial inequality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Race and health in the United States">Race and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_achievement_gap_in_the_United_States" title="Racial achievement gap in the United States">Racial achievement gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_pay_gap_in_the_United_States" title="Racial pay gap in the United States">Racial wage gap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_unemployment_rate" title="List of U.S. states and territories by unemployment rate">Unemployment by state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocultural_politics_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnocultural politics in the United States">Ethnocultural politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">By religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_the_United_States" title="Baháʼí Faith in the United States">Baha'is</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">Buddhists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Americans" title="Coptic Americans">Coptics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormons" title="Mormons">Mormons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">Hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_the_United_States" title="Jainism in the United States">Jains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">Muslims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya_in_the_United_States" title="Ahmadiyya in the United States">Ahmadiyyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Percent_Nation" title="Five-Percent Nation">Five Percenters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorish_Science_Temple_of_America" title="Moorish Science Temple of America">Moorish Scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nation_of_Islam" title="United Nation of Islam">Value Creators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American religion">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopaganism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopaganism in the United States">Neopagans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">Non-religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Rastafari movement in the United States">Rastafaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology_in_the_United_States" title="Scientology in the United States">Scientologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_the_United_States" title="Sikhism in the United States">Sikhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_the_United_States" title="Zoroastrianism in the United States">Zoroastrians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">By continent and ethnic ancestry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_in_the_Americas" title="African diaspora in the Americas">African diaspora in the Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indian_Americans" title="West Indian Americans">Afro-Caribbean/West Indian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiguan_and_Barbudan_Americans" title="Antiguan and Barbudan Americans">Antiguan and Barbudan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamian_Americans" title="Bahamian Americans">Bahamian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbadian_Americans" title="Barbadian Americans">Barbadian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermudian_Americans" title="Bermudian Americans">Bermudian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans_(Dominica)" title="Dominican Americans (Dominica)">Dominican Americans (Dominica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_Indian_Americans" title="Dutch West Indian Americans">Dutch West Indian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_Americans" title="Grenadian Americans">Grenadian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Americans" title="Haitian Americans">Haitian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Americans" title="Jamaican Americans">Jamaican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittian_and_Nevisian_Americans" title="Kittian and Nevisian Americans">Kittian and Nevisian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_Americans" title="Saint Lucian Americans">Saint Lucian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateside_Virgin_Islands_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Stateside Virgin Islands Americans">Stateside Virgin Islands Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_Americans" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans">Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_Americans" title="Vincentian Americans">Vincentian Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Black Hispanic and Latino Americans">Black Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Indians_in_the_United_States" title="Black Indians in the United States">Black Indians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="African immigration to the United States">African immigrants to the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="Central Africans in the United States">Central Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cameroonian_Americans" title="Cameroonian Americans">Cameroonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_Americans" title="Congolese Americans">Congolese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatoguinean_Americans" title="Equatoguinean Americans">Equatoguinean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_Americans" title="Gabonese Americans">Gabonese Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_Americans" title="Fula Americans">Fula Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Americans" title="Igbo Americans">Igbo Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="East Africans in the United States">East Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Americans" title="Eritrean Americans">Eritrean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Americans" title="Ethiopian Americans">Ethiopian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyan_Americans" title="Kenyan Americans">Kenyan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Americans" title="Somali Americans">Somali Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Americans" title="South Sudanese Americans">South Sudanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_Americans" title="Sudanese Americans">Sudanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_Americans" title="Tanzanian Americans">Tanzanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_Americans" title="Ugandan Americans">Ugandan Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="Southern Africans in the United States">Southern Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Americans" title="Angolan Americans">Angolan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_Americans" title="Malawian Americans">Malawian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Americans" title="South African Americans">South African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_Americans" title="Zimbabwean Americans">Zimbabwean Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="West Africans in the United States">West Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beninese_Americans" title="Beninese Americans">Beninese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissau-Guinean_Americans" title="Bissau-Guinean Americans">Bissau-Guinean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Americans" title="Cape Verdean Americans">Cape Verdean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_Americans" title="Gambian Americans">Gambian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_Americans" title="Ghanaian Americans">Ghanaian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinean_Americans" title="Guinean Americans">Guinean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivorian_Americans" title="Ivorian Americans">Ivorian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_Americans" title="Liberian Americans">Liberian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malian_Americans" title="Malian Americans">Malian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Americans" title="Nigerian Americans">Nigerian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_Americans" title="Senegalese Americans">Senegalese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_Americans" title="Sierra Leonean Americans">Sierra Leonean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_Americans" title="Togolese Americans">Togolese Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Americans" title="Yoruba Americans">Yoruba Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Africans_in_the_United_States" title="North Africans in the United States">North Africans in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Americans" title="Berber Americans">Berber Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Americans" title="Algerian Americans">Algerian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Americans" title="Libyan Americans">Libyan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan American">Moroccan American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Americans" title="Tunisian Americans">Tunisian Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Americans" title="Coptic Americans">Coptic Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Americans" title="Egyptian Americans">Egyptian Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans">Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asians_in_the_United_States" title="Central Asians in the United States">Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Americans" title="Afghan Americans">Afghan Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_Americans" title="Pashtun Americans">Pashtun Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_Americans" title="Baloch Americans">Baloch Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Americans" title="Kazakh Americans">Kazakh Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_Americans" title="Kyrgyz Americans">Kyrgyz Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajik_Americans" title="Tajik Americans">Tajik Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Americans">Turkmen Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Americans" title="Uyghur Americans">Uyghur Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Americans" title="Uzbek Americans">Uzbek Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Americans" title="East Asian Americans">East Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese Americans</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhounese_Americans" title="Fuzhounese Americans">Fuzhounese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakka_Americans" title="Hakka Americans">Hakka Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_Americans" title="Hoklo Americans">Hoklo Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Americans" title="Hong Kong Americans">Hong Kong Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Americans" title="Japanese Americans">Japanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Americans" title="Korean Americans">Korean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Americans" title="Mongolian Americans">Mongolian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_Americans" title="Ryukyuan Americans">Ryukyuan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Americans" title="Taiwanese Americans">Taiwanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Americans" title="Tibetan Americans">Tibetan Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Americans" title="South Asian Americans">South Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_Americans" title="Bangladeshi Americans">Bangladeshi Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_Americans" title="Bhutanese Americans">Bhutanese Americans</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Americans" title="Gujarati Americans">Gujarati Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_Americans" title="Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Americans" title="Telugu Americans">Telugu Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_Americans" title="Maldivian Americans">Maldivian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Americans" title="Nepalese Americans">Nepalese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Americans" title="Pakistani Americans">Pakistani Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhi Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Americans" title="Sri Lankan Americans">Sri Lankan Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_Americans" title="Southeast Asian Americans">Southeast Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Americans" title="Burmese Americans">Burmese Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Americans" title="Karen Americans">Karen Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Americans" title="Cambodian Americans">Cambodian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Filipino Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_Americans" title="Hmong Americans">Hmong Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Americans" title="Indonesian Americans">Indonesian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_Americans" title="Iu Mien Americans">Iu Mien Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laotian_Americans" title="Laotian Americans">Laotian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Americans" title="Malaysian Americans">Malaysian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_Americans" title="Singaporean Americans">Singaporean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Americans" title="Thai Americans">Thai Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Americans" title="Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_Americans" title="Romani Americans">Romani Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Slovak_Gypsies_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian Slovak Gypsies in the United States">Hungarian Slovak Gypsies</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_Americans" title="Middle Eastern Americans">West Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahraini_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahraini Americans">Bahraini Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirati_Americans" title="Emirati Americans">Emirati Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Americans" title="Iraqi Americans">Iraqi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Americans" title="Jordanian Americans">Jordanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_Americans" title="Kuwaiti Americans">Kuwaiti Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Americans" title="Lebanese Americans">Lebanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omani_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Omani Americans">Omani Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Americans" title="Palestinian Americans">Palestinian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Qatari Americans">Qatari Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Americans" title="Saudi Americans">Saudi Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Americans" title="Syrian Americans">Syrian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Americans" title="Yemeni Americans">Yemeni Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Americans" title="Armenian Americans">Armenian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Americans" title="Assyrian Americans">Assyrian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_Americans" title="Azerbaijani Americans">Azerbaijani Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_Americans" title="Circassian Americans">Circassian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Americans" title="Chechen Americans">Chechen Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Americans" title="Georgian Americans">Georgian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Americans" title="Iranian Americans">Iranian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Jewish Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Americans" title="Israeli Americans">Israeli Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgin_Americans" title="Lezgin Americans">Lezgin Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Americans" title="Kurdish Americans">Kurdish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Americans" title="Turkish Americans">Turkish Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Americans" title="Albanian Americans">Albanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_Americans" title="Asturian Americans">Asturian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Americans" title="Austrian Americans">Austrian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Americans" title="Basque Americans">Basque Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Americans" title="Belarusian Americans">Belarusian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Americans" title="Belgian Americans">Belgian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Americans" title="Bosnian Americans">Bosnian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Americans" title="British Americans">British Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_Americans" title="Manx Americans">Manx Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Americans" title="Scottish Americans">Scottish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Americans" title="Welsh Americans">Welsh Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Americans" title="Bulgarian Americans">Bulgarian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Americans" title="Catalan Americans">Catalan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Americans" title="Croatian Americans">Croatian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Americans" title="Cypriot Americans">Cypriot Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Americans" title="Czech Americans">Czech Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Americans" title="Dutch Americans">Dutch Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Americans" title="Estonian Americans">Estonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Americans" title="Finnish Americans">Finnish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Americans" title="French Americans">French Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajuns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Americans" title="Galician Americans">Galician Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Americans" title="Greek Americans">Greek Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Americans" title="Hungarian Americans">Hungarian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_the_United_States_before_1880" title="Italians in the United States before 1880">before 1880</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Americans" title="Latvian Americans">Latvian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_Americans" title="Liechtensteiner Americans">Liechtensteiner Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Americans" title="Lithuanian Americans">Lithuanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_Americans" title="Luxembourgish Americans">Luxembourgish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Americans" title="Macedonian Americans">Macedonian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Americans" title="Maltese Americans">Maltese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Americans" title="Moldovan Americans">Moldovan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_Americans" title="Montenegrin Americans">Montenegrin Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Americans" title="Portuguese Americans">Portuguese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Americans" title="Romanian Americans">Romanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Americans" title="Russian Americans">Russian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Americans" title="Sammarinese Americans">Sammarinese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_and_Scandinavian_Americans" title="Nordic and Scandinavian Americans">Nordic and Scandinavian Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Americans" title="Danish Americans">Danish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Americans" title="Icelandic Americans">Icelandic Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Americans" title="Norwegian Americans">Norwegian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Americans" title="Swedish Americans">Swedish Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Americans" title="Serbian Americans">Serbian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Americans" title="Slovak Americans">Slovak Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian Americans">Slovenian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Americans" title="Spanish Americans">Spanish Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Californios" title="Californios">Californios</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Americans" title="Swiss Americans">Swiss Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Americans" title="Ukrainian Americans">Ukrainian Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">Non-Hispanic whites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">White Hispanic and Latino Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki" title="Abenaki">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piegan_Blackfeet" title="Piegan Blackfeet">Blackfeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw" title="Chickasaw">Chickasaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw" title="Choctaw">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colville_people" title="Colville people">Colville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanche" title="Comanche">Comanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_people" title="Crow people">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma_people" title="Houma people">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayuga_people" title="Cayuga people">Cayuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneida_people" title="Oneida people">Oneida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onondaga_people" title="Onondaga people">Onondaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_people" title="Seneca people">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscarora_people" title="Tuscarora people">Tuscarora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menominee" title="Menominee">Menominee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohave_people" title="Mohave people">Mohave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Indians" title="Mission Indians">Mission Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cahuilla" title="Cahuilla">Cahuilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemehuevi" title="Chemehuevi">Chemehuevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_people" title="Chumash people">Chumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupe%C3%B1o" title="Cupeño">Cupeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Diegueño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esselen_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Esselen people">Esselen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juane%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Juaneño">Juaneño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitanemuk" title="Kitanemuk">Kitanemuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luise%C3%B1o_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Luiseño people">Luiseño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok" title="Miwok">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patwin" title="Patwin">Patwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomo people">Pomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Salinan people">Salinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrano_people" title="Serrano people">Serrano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisun_people" title="Suisun people">Suisunes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohlone people">Ohlone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awaswas" title="Awaswas">Awaswas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalon_people" title="Chalon people">Chalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chochenyo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chochenyo people">Chochenyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkin_people" title="Karkin people">Karkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamyen_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyen people">Tamyen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tataviam" title="Tataviam">Tataviam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongva_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongva people">Tongva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wappo" title="Wappo">Wappo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wintun" title="Wintun">Wintun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokuts" title="Yokuts">Yokuts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscogee" title="Muscogee">Muscogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osage_Nation" title="Osage Nation">Osage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odawa" title="Odawa">Odawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paiute" title="Paiute">Paiute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_people" title="Pawnee people">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pima_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pima people">Pima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puebloans" title="Puebloans">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zia_people_(New_Mexico)" title="Zia people (New Mexico)">Zia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_people" title="Zuni people">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quechan" title="Quechan">Quechan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salish_peoples" title="Salish peoples">Salish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole" title="Seminole">Seminole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshone" title="Shoshone">Shoshone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux" title="Sioux">Sioux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tohono_O%CA%BCodham" title="Tohono Oʼodham">Tohono Oʼodham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_people" title="Ute people">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakama_Indian_Reservation" title="Yakama Indian Reservation">Yakama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Natives" title="Alaska Natives">Alaska Natives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaskan_Athabaskans" title="Alaskan Athabaskans">Alaskan Athabaskans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleut" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleut">Aleut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alutiiq" title="Alutiiq">Alutiiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwich%27in" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwich'in">Gwich'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_people" title="Haida people">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1upiat" title="Iñupiat">Iñupiat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimshian" title="Tsimshian">Tsimshian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlingit" title="Tlingit">Tlingit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yupik_peoples" title="Yupik peoples">Yupik</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Americans" title="Canadian Americans">Canadian Americans</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a> <ul><li>Central America <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_Americans" title="Belizean Americans">Belizean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rican_Americans" title="Costa Rican Americans">Costa Rican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemalan_Americans" title="Guatemalan Americans">Guatemalan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduran_Americans" title="Honduran Americans">Honduran Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaraguan_Americans" title="Nicaraguan Americans">Nicaraguan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_Americans" title="Panamanian Americans">Panamanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Americans" title="Salvadoran Americans">Salvadoran Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Americans" title="Cuban Americans">Cuban Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans" title="Dominican Americans">Dominican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Americans">Puerto Rican Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Americans" title="Mexican Americans">Mexican Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Mexican_Americans" title="Indigenous Mexican Americans">Indigenous Mexican Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_Americans" title="Oceanian Americans">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_Americans" title="Fijian Americans">Fijian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesian_Americans" title="French Polynesian Americans">French Polynesian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_Americans" title="Marshallese Americans">Marshallese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_Americans" title="Micronesian Americans">Micronesian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palauan_Americans" title="Palauan Americans">Palauan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Americans" title="Samoan Americans">Samoan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_Americans" title="Tongan Americans">Tongan Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li>Americans of Euro Oceanic origin <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Americans" title="Australian Americans">Australian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Americans" title="New Zealand Americans">New Zealand Americans</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Americans" title="Argentine Americans">Argentine Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivian_Americans" title="Bolivian Americans">Bolivian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Americans" title="Brazilian Americans">Brazilian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Americans" title="Chilean Americans">Chilean Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_Americans" title="Colombian Americans">Colombian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Americans" title="Ecuadorian Americans">Ecuadorian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyanese_Americans" title="Guyanese Americans">Guyanese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_Americans" title="Paraguayan Americans">Paraguayan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Americans" title="Peruvian Americans">Peruvian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surinamese_Americans" title="Surinamese Americans">Surinamese Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_Americans" title="Uruguayan Americans">Uruguayan Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_Americans" title="Venezuelan Americans">Venezuelan Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Multiethnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Asians#United_States" title="Afro-Asians">Afro-Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amerasian" title="Amerasian">Amerasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaxican" title="Blaxican">Blaxican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cajuns" title="Cajuns">Cajuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hapa" title="Hapa">Hapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana Creole people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melungeon" title="Melungeon">Melungeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulatto#United_States" title="Mulatto">Mulatto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Mexican_Americans" title="Punjabi Mexican Americans">Punjabi Mexican Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">People of the United States / Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_ancestry" title="American ancestry">American ancestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_ancestry" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American ancestry">Native American ancestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maps_of_American_ancestries" class="mw-redirect" title="Maps of American ancestries">Maps of American ancestries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Race and ethnicity in the census</a></li></ul></li> <li>Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_(EEO)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity (EEO)">Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">Racism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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