CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Coal mines and saltworks of Gouhenans - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a5955b60-b7c4-4977-9e03-6db15350b7ad","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans","wgTitle":"Coal mines and saltworks of Gouhenans","wgCurRevisionId":1248933961,"wgRevisionId":1248933961,"wgArticleId":77386627,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from September 2024","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages using Sister project links with default search","Coal companies of France","Mining","Sodium minerals","Manufacturing plants","Industrial buildings and structures"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans","wgRelevantArticleId":77386627,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q20723368", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Saline-Gouhenans_14.jpg/1200px-Saline-Gouhenans_14.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="733"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Saline-Gouhenans_14.jpg/800px-Saline-Gouhenans_14.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="489"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Saline-Gouhenans_14.jpg/640px-Saline-Gouhenans_14.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="391"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Coal mines and saltworks of Gouhenans - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans rootpage-Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Coal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Coal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Coal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Coal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saltworks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saltworks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Saltworks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Saltworks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Saltworks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Saltworks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neolithic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neolithic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Neolithic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neolithic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discovery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discovery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Discovery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discovery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teste-Cubières_scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teste-Cubières_scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Teste-Cubières scandal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teste-Cubières_scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conversion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conversion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Conversion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conversion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lindane_deposit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lindane_deposit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Lindane deposit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lindane_deposit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heritage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heritage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Heritage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heritage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coal_mines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coal_mines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Coal mines</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Coal_mines-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Coal mines subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Coal_mines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Former_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Former operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Renewed_exploitation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Renewed_exploitation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Renewed exploitation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Renewed_exploitation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shaft_No._1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shaft_No._1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Shaft No. 1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shaft_No._1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shafts_No._2_and_No._3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shafts_No._2_and_No._3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Shafts No. 2 and No. 3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shafts_No._2_and_No._3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shafts_No._4_and_No._8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shafts_No._4_and_No._8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Shafts No. 4 and No. 8</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shafts_No._4_and_No._8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shaft_No._5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shaft_No._5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Shaft No. 5</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shaft_No._5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shaft_No._6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shaft_No._6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Shaft No. 6</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shaft_No._6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shaft_No._7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shaft_No._7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Shaft No. 7</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shaft_No._7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shaft_No._9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shaft_No._9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Shaft No. 9</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shaft_No._9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shaft_No._10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shaft_No._10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Shaft No. 10</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shaft_No._10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shaft_No._11" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shaft_No._11"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Shaft No. 11</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shaft_No._11-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shaft_No._12" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shaft_No._12"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Shaft No. 12</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shaft_No._12-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shaft_No._13" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shaft_No._13"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>Shaft No. 13</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shaft_No._13-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shaft_No._14" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shaft_No._14"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.14</span> <span>Shaft No. 14</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shaft_No._14-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shaft_No._15" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shaft_No._15"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.15</span> <span>Shaft No. 15</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shaft_No._15-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shaft_No._16" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shaft_No._16"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.16</span> <span>Shaft No. 16</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shaft_No._16-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shaft_No._17" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shaft_No._17"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.17</span> <span>Shaft No. 17</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shaft_No._17-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_aspects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_aspects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Social aspects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Social_aspects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Social aspects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Social_aspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Housing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Personnel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Salaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Accidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Literature references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Internet references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Coal mines and saltworks of Gouhenans</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houill%C3%A8res_et_saline_de_Gouhenans" title="Houillères et saline de Gouhenans – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Houillères et saline de Gouhenans" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20723368#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&oldid=1248933961" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&id=1248933961&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCoal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCoal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Houill%C3%A8res_et_saline_de_Gouhenans" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20723368" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Complex of mines and factories in eastern France.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Coal mines and saltworks of Gouhenans</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Saline-Gouhenans_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Saline-Gouhenans_14.jpg/220px-Saline-Gouhenans_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Saline-Gouhenans_14.jpg/330px-Saline-Gouhenans_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Saline-Gouhenans_14.jpg/440px-Saline-Gouhenans_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5799" data-file-height="3542" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Entrance to the Gouhenans saltworks.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1828</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">1912 (glass); 1921 (coal); 1945 (salt); 1955 (chemicals)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Gouhenans" title="Gouhenans">Gouhenans</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">France</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bituminous_coal" title="Bituminous coal">Black coal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halite" title="Halite">halite</a>, glass and <a href="/wiki/Chemical_substance" title="Chemical substance">chemical products</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1828–1850: Parmentier, Grillet et Cie; 1850–1894: Salines domaniales de l'Est; 1894–1912: Compagnie Anonyme des Salines, Houillères et Fabrique de produits chimiques de Gouhenans; 1912–1945: Société Minière et Industrielle de Gouhenans 1927–1955: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tablissements_Kuhlmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Établissements Kuhlmann (page does not exist)">Établissements Kuhlmann</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>coal mines and saltworks of Gouhenans</b> constitute a complex of mines and factories situated in eastern France. They have been engaged in the exploitation and processing of <a href="/wiki/Rock_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock salt">rock salt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pyrite" title="Pyrite">pyrite</a> since 1831 and coal since 1828. These resources are situated in the same geological layer of the <a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne_Keuperian_coalfield" title="Haute-Saône Keuperian coalfield">Keuper Basin</a>. The coal <a href="/wiki/Ore" title="Ore">deposit</a> was first identified in the 1770s and is situated beneath the communes of <a href="/wiki/Gouhenans" title="Gouhenans">Gouhenans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athesans-%C3%89troitefontaine" title="Athesans-Étroitefontaine">Athesans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Villafans" title="Villafans">Villafans</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a> department, in <a href="/wiki/Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Bourgogne-Franche-Comté">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</a>. The discovery of salt occurred concurrently with the onset of coal mining operations. The use of locally mined coal for the evaporation of <a href="/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">brine</a> enabled the company to reduce the <a href="/wiki/Cost_of_goods_sold" title="Cost of goods sold">cost of production</a> of salt. The industrial complex was further expanded with the addition of a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_factory" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical factory">chemical factory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Studio_glass" title="Studio glass">glassworks</a>, which contributed to a period of economic growth and prosperity in Gouhenans. In 1927, the <a href="/wiki/Pechiney" title="Pechiney">Kuhlmann group</a> acquired the chemical activity, which remained under their ownership until the facility's closure in 1955. </p><p>In 1847, the salt industry was embroiled in a scandal involving prominent political figures of the <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Despans-Cubi%C3%A8res" title="Amédée Despans-Cubières">General Despans-Cubières</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Teste" title="Jean-Baptiste Teste">Jean-Baptiste Teste</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Peer_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Peer of France">peer of France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State" title="Minister of State">Minister of State</a>. </p><p>The vestiges of these industrial activities (mine entrances, <a href="/wiki/Spoil_heap" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoil heap">spoil heaps</a>, railways, ruins, company town, repurposed buildings, <a href="/wiki/Flue-gas_stack" title="Flue-gas stack">flue-gas stack</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lindane" title="Lindane">lindane</a> deposits) persist in the early 21st century. The region continues to be shaped economically, socially, scenically, ecologically, and culturally. In 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Hiking_trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiking trail">hiking trail</a> "The Way of Salt and Coal" was established to draw attention to this <a href="/wiki/Industrial_heritage" title="Industrial heritage">industrial heritage</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The concession encompasses 1,378 hectares for coal exploitation and 688 hectares for salt, distributed across the communes of <a href="/wiki/Gouhenans" title="Gouhenans">Gouhenans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longevelle" title="Longevelle">Longevelle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Les_Aynans" title="Les Aynans">Les Aynans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athesans-%C3%89troitefontaine" title="Athesans-Étroitefontaine">Athesans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Val-de-Gouhenans" title="Le Val-de-Gouhenans">Le Val</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Villafans" title="Villafans">Villafans</a>, situated in the southeastern region of the <a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Bourgogne-Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Bourgogne-Franche-Comté">Bourgogne-Franche-Comté</a> <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Formation_gisement_houiller_et_salif%C3%A8re_Keuper_FC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Formation_gisement_houiller_et_salif%C3%A8re_Keuper_FC.svg/349px-Formation_gisement_houiller_et_salif%C3%A8re_Keuper_FC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="349" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Formation_gisement_houiller_et_salif%C3%A8re_Keuper_FC.svg/524px-Formation_gisement_houiller_et_salif%C3%A8re_Keuper_FC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Formation_gisement_houiller_et_salif%C3%A8re_Keuper_FC.svg/698px-Formation_gisement_houiller_et_salif%C3%A8re_Keuper_FC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1098" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>The formation of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franche-Comt%C3%A9_salt_basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franche-Comté salt basin (page does not exist)">Keuper salt</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassin_salif%C3%A8re_de_Franche-Comt%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="fr:Bassin salifère de Franche-Comté">fr</a>]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne_Keuperian_coalfield" title="Haute-Saône Keuperian coalfield">coal</a> deposit in Franche-Comté.</figcaption></figure> <p>The coal and <a href="/wiki/Halite" title="Halite">halite</a> <a href="/wiki/Ore" title="Ore">deposits</a> are intermingled within the <a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne_Keuperian_coalfield" title="Haute-Saône Keuperian coalfield">Keuper coal basin of Haute-Saône</a>. The basin is composed of alternating layers of <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>, variegated <a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">marl</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a> <a href="/wiki/Dolomites" title="Dolomites">dolomites</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franche-Comt%C3%A9_salt_basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franche-Comté salt basin (page does not exist)">salt deposit</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassin_salif%C3%A8re_de_Franche-Comt%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="fr:Bassin salifère de Franche-Comté">fr</a>]</span> comprises six layers with a total thickness of 22 meters, found at depths between 51 and 107 meters.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Saltworks">Saltworks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Saltworks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neolithic">Neolithic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Neolithic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archaeological evidence indicates that salt was extracted in the commune during the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> era, with the earliest known instances of this practice occurring between <a href="/wiki/4th_millennium_BC" title="4th millennium BC">4821 and 4534 BC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discovery">Discovery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Discovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1828, during the exploitation of the <a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne_Keuperian_coalfield" title="Haute-Saône Keuperian coalfield">coal deposit</a>, a seven-to-eight-meter-thick layer of <a href="/wiki/Halite" title="Halite">rock salt</a> was discovered. The initial exploitation request was rejected, and despite subsequent appeals to the courts in <a href="/wiki/Lure,_Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Lure, Haute-Saône">Lure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Conseil_d%27%C3%89tat" title="Conseil d'État">Council of State</a>, the situation remained unchanged. Consequently, the <a href="/wiki/Saltworks" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltworks">saltworks</a> were constructed illegally at the site known as Les Époisses. The factory employed the ignigenous process, using <a href="/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">brine</a> cooking in <a href="/wiki/Stove" title="Stove">stoves</a>. Ultimately, the royal ordinance of 3 January 1843, granted the Parmentier, Grillet and Co. company the concession for a rock <a href="/wiki/Salt_mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt mine">salt mine</a>. The brine was obtained by sending fresh water over the salt layers through boreholes. The water was then evaporated in 37 pans with a total surface area of 2,211 m².<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This technique allowed the deposit to be considered a salty <a href="/wiki/Spring_(hydrology)" title="Spring (hydrology)">source</a> rather than a mine, thereby avoiding the state monopoly.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teste-Cubières_scandal"><span id="Teste-Cubi.C3.A8res_scandal"></span>Teste-Cubières scandal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Teste-Cubières scandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Louis_Despans-Cubi%C3%A8res_(1786-1853).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Louis_Despans-Cubi%C3%A8res_%281786-1853%29.png/162px-Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Louis_Despans-Cubi%C3%A8res_%281786-1853%29.png" decoding="async" width="162" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Louis_Despans-Cubi%C3%A8res_%281786-1853%29.png/242px-Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Louis_Despans-Cubi%C3%A8res_%281786-1853%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Louis_Despans-Cubi%C3%A8res_%281786-1853%29.png/323px-Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Louis_Despans-Cubi%C3%A8res_%281786-1853%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1138" data-file-height="1253" /></a><figcaption>Amédée Despans-Cubières.</figcaption></figure> <p>In July 1831, the concession company initiated its operations and established workshops for the evaporation of salt. The treatment conditions, particularly the abundance of inexpensive [uel from the coal mines, enabled the sale of the salt at prices that were lower than those of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_State_salt_works&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern State salt works (page does not exist)">state-run saltworks</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salines_domaniales_de_l%27Est" class="extiw" title="fr:Salines domaniales de l'Est">fr</a>]</span> in the east. The incident provoked resentment and resulted in a scandal in 1847, involving <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9d%C3%A9e_Despans-Cubi%C3%A8res" title="Amédée Despans-Cubières">General Despans-Cubières</a>, who had previously served as <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_French_Ministers_of_Armed_Forces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of French Ministers of Armed Forces (page does not exist)">Ministry of War</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_ministres_fran%C3%A7ais_de_la_D%C3%A9fense" class="extiw" title="fr:Liste des ministres français de la Défense">fr</a>]</span> and was seeking election as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne_deputies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Haute-Saône deputies (page does not exist)">deputy of Haute-Saône</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_d%C3%A9put%C3%A9s_de_la_Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" class="extiw" title="fr:Liste des députés de la Haute-Saône">fr</a>]</span>. He was the proprietor of 159,000 shares in the company, representing 7% of the <a href="/wiki/Financial_capital" title="Financial capital">capital</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Works_(France)" title="Minister of Public Works (France)">Minister of Public Works</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Teste" title="Jean-Baptiste Teste">Jean-Baptiste Teste</a>, was also implicated in the incident, having received a bribe of 94,000 francs in exchange for granting the concession.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The scandal was subsequently amplified and exploited by both left-wing and right-wing opposition groups to discredit the <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a>. In his collection, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Choses_vues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Choses vues (page does not exist)"><i>Choses vues</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choses_vues" class="extiw" title="fr:Choses vues">fr</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a> provides a detailed account of the corruption trial that took place before the Court of Peers. Ultimately, General Despans-Cubières and the concessionaire, Mr. Parmentier, were sentenced to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loss_of_civic_rights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loss of civic rights (page does not exist)">civic degradation</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9gradation_civique" class="extiw" title="fr:Dégradation civique">fr</a>]</span> and a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fine_in_French_criminal_law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fine in French criminal law (page does not exist)">fine</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amende_en_droit_p%C3%A9nal_fran%C3%A7ais" class="extiw" title="fr:Amende en droit pénal français">fr</a>]</span> of 10,000 francs. The fine imposed on Jean-Baptiste Teste amounted to 94,000 francs, and he was also sentenced to three years' <a href="/wiki/Imprisonment" title="Imprisonment">imprisonment</a>, notably being confined to the <a href="/wiki/Conciergerie" title="Conciergerie">Conciergerie</a> until the <a href="/wiki/1848_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="1848 Revolution">1848 Revolution</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Campagne_des_banquets" title="Campagne des banquets">banquet campaign</a> ultimately resulted in the fall of <a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Philippe">Louis-Philippe</a> six months later. Meanwhile, the Gouhenan's saltworks continued to flourish.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saline_Gouhenans.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Saline_Gouhenans.png/259px-Saline_Gouhenans.png" decoding="async" width="259" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Saline_Gouhenans.png/389px-Saline_Gouhenans.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Saline_Gouhenans.png/518px-Saline_Gouhenans.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1156" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of the site. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#80D0FF; color:black;"> </span> Salt works</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF8080; color:black;"> </span> Chemical plant</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFF00; color:black;"> </span> Glassworks</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#80FF9F; color:black;"> </span> Administration</div></div></figcaption></figure> <p>On 28 March 1843, an ordinance was enacted that authorized the activation and expansion of the saltworks, which was subsequently relocated to its final location to the east of the village. By 1866, the old site was no longer in use and had been repurposed as housing for workers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The facility's output reached 10,000 tons per year between 1845 and 1856, with operations conducted continuously, including on Sundays and holidays.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1844, authorization was granted for the construction of a "<a href="/wiki/Reverberatory_furnace" title="Reverberatory furnace">reverberatory furnace</a> <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">soda</a> factory, <a href="/wiki/Tin(II)_chloride" title="Tin(II) chloride">soda salt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tartaric_acid" title="Tartaric acid">tartaric acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid">hydrochloric acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium_sulfate" title="Sodium sulfate">sodium sulfate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tin_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin salt">tin salt</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gelatin" title="Gelatin">gelatin</a> extracted from bones by <a href="/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid">hydrochloric acid</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The chemical factory in question was constructed around 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In approximately 1850, the complex was acquired by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_anonyme_des_anciennes_salines_domaniales_de_l%27Est&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Société anonyme des anciennes salines domaniales de l'Est (page does not exist)">Salines domaniales de l'Est</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_anonyme_des_anciennes_salines_domaniales_de_l%27Est" class="extiw" title="fr:Société anonyme des anciennes salines domaniales de l'Est">fr</a>]</span> due to the competitive nature of its operations. In 1864, the production of salt reached 102,000 quintals. By 1869, the pans had reached a size of sixteen by seven meters, with an output of nearly four tons of salt per day. The production of 100 kilograms of salt required the consumption of 65 kilograms of coal. The chemical factory produced <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrochloric_acid" title="Hydrochloric acid">hydrochloric acid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a>, sodium sulfate, and <a href="/wiki/Calcium_chloride" title="Calcium chloride">calcium chloride</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In the 1890s the factory in question was responsible for the production of 40,000 quintals of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and sodium sulfate on an annual basis. The factory was subsequently owned by the Compagnie Anonyme des Salines, Houillères et Fabrique de Produits Chimiques de Gouhenans. In 1895, the construction of three 100-meter-deep boreholes enabled the production of 61,550 quintals of salt. In the subsequent year, the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Branch_line#Industrial_spur" title="Branch line">railway branch</a> with the inauguration of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Montbozon_to_Lure_line&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montbozon to Lure line (page does not exist)">Montbozon to Lure line</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligne_de_Montbozon_%C3%A0_Lure" class="extiw" title="fr:Ligne de Montbozon à Lure">fr</a>]</span>, situated near the complex, facilitated the transportation of goods and personnel. In 1905, a glassworks was constructed to the north of the site, which had been built in 1903, and employed between thirty and forty workers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The factory's primary product was <a href="/wiki/Beer_bottle" title="Beer bottle">beer bottles</a> for breweries in Alsace.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it experienced several periods of interruption, ultimately closing permanently following the conclusion of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The facility's <a href="/wiki/Flue-gas_stack" title="Flue-gas stack">large chimney</a> was used for the venting of gases produced during the manufacturing of sodium sulfate and sulfuric acid. Additionally, the facility expelled the smoke from steam boilers that powered <a href="/wiki/Electrical_generators" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical generators">electrical generators</a>. Upon the establishment of an electrical grid in the village of <a href="/wiki/Gouhenans" title="Gouhenans">Gouhenans</a>, the factory's generators were connected and provided supplementary power.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1916, the upper 50-meter portion of the large chimney, which had undergone a tilting movement, was straightened by specialized workers.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1927, the site was divided between two companies: the Société Minière et Industrielle de Gouhenans and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tablissements_Kuhlmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Établissements Kuhlmann (page does not exist)">Ugine-Kuhlmann company</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tablissements_Kuhlmann" class="extiw" title="fr:Établissements Kuhlmann">fr</a>]</span>, which employed a total of 70 individuals by 1931. Despite the addition of nine pans in 1926, the production of salt exhibited a gradual decline from 8,249 tons in 1912 to 7,200 tons in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This decline was attributable to the increased costs of transporting coal, coupled with a lack of profitability and investment, which resulted in a loss of <a href="/wiki/Competition_(economics)" title="Competition (economics)">competitiveness</a> against <a href="/wiki/Salt_marsh" title="Salt marsh">salt marshes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saline-Gouhenans_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General view of the saltworks."><img alt="General view of the saltworks." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Saline-Gouhenans_2.jpg/120px-Saline-Gouhenans_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Saline-Gouhenans_2.jpg/180px-Saline-Gouhenans_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Saline-Gouhenans_2.jpg/240px-Saline-Gouhenans_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5912" data-file-height="3692" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">General view of the saltworks.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saline-Gouhenans_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Saline-Gouhenans_3.jpg/120px-Saline-Gouhenans_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Saline-Gouhenans_3.jpg/180px-Saline-Gouhenans_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Saline-Gouhenans_3.jpg/240px-Saline-Gouhenans_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5381" data-file-height="3328" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Verrerie_Gouhenans.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Glassworks."><img alt="Glassworks." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Verrerie_Gouhenans.jpg/120px-Verrerie_Gouhenans.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Verrerie_Gouhenans.jpg/180px-Verrerie_Gouhenans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Verrerie_Gouhenans.jpg/240px-Verrerie_Gouhenans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5085" data-file-height="2935" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Glassworks.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conversion">Conversion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Conversion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The saltworks ceased operations shortly after the conclusion of World War II, followed by the Kuhlmann factory in 1955. Some of the buildings were subsequently repurposed as warehouses for chemical products, but the majority were demolished in the 1970s. One of the two pavilions situated at the west entrance was destroyed by fire in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lindane_deposit">Lindane deposit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Lindane deposit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1974, 5,200 tons of <a href="/wiki/Lindane" title="Lindane">lindane</a> (a pesticide that was subsequently withdrawn from the market due to its inherent dangers) belonging to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tablissements_Kuhlmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Établissements Kuhlmann (page does not exist)">Ugine-Kuhlmann company</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tablissements_Kuhlmann" class="extiw" title="fr:Établissements Kuhlmann">fr</a>]</span> were illegally dumped in a location north of the site in question. Even though the responsibility for treating these wastes was assigned to the Socrimex company, they were instead covered with tarps and tires. In response, an opposition committee was established, and a petition was circulated, ultimately garnering 30,000 signatures. In an order dated 6 August 1974, the <a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Haute-Saône">Haute-Saône</a> <a href="/wiki/Prefecture" title="Prefecture">prefecture</a> requested the removal of the products by 26 February 1975, for treatment at the <a href="/wiki/Loos,_Nord" title="Loos, Nord">Loos-lès-Lille</a> factory. However, no action was taken. After the pollution of a tributary of the <a href="/wiki/Ognon_(Franche-Comt%C3%A9)" title="Ognon (Franche-Comté)">Ognon</a>, the Socrimex company was placed into <a href="/wiki/Liquidation" title="Liquidation">liquidation</a>, and its manager was fined 300 francs by the <a href="/wiki/Lure,_Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Lure, Haute-Saône">Lure</a> court in June 1975. However, the manager was subsequently acquitted in April 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The waste was ultimately interred in 1980 in five pits excavated to a depth of ten to fifteen meters into the <a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">marl</a> and sealed with <a href="/wiki/Incinerator_bottom_ash" title="Incinerator bottom ash">ash</a>. In July 1983, the BRGM published a study indicating that lindane was leaking at a rate of 120 grams per year. However, the pollution exhibited a gradual decrease throughout the subsequent decade.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In December 1989, the BRGM observed an increase in pollution in the vicinity of the site, leading to the conclusion that the deposit was not watertight. Subsequently, the deposit was covered with an anti-punching <a href="/wiki/Geotextile" title="Geotextile">geotextile</a>, an <a href="/wiki/HDPE" class="mw-redirect" title="HDPE">HDPE</a> <a href="/wiki/Geomembrane" title="Geomembrane">geomembrane</a>, a 10 cm layer of sand, an anti-contaminant geotextile, a 0.8 to 1-meter layer of marl, and a top <a href="/wiki/Lawn" title="Lawn">layer</a> of turf. The entire structure was encased in a concrete foundation with a depth of 50 centimeters. However, no insulation was provided for the base of the pits.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These works were carried out by the Bachy company in the early 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Monitoring was conducted every six months. <a href="/wiki/Groundwater_pollution" title="Groundwater pollution">Groundwater pollution</a> was detected in 1998, and <a href="/wiki/Piezometers" class="mw-redirect" title="Piezometers">piezometers</a> were installed in 2000 to improve monitoring. No external pollution was detected throughout the following decade until another increase in lindane levels was observed in June 2010, before returning to normal levels in the subsequent months and years.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General view."><img alt="General view." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_01.jpg/120px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_01.jpg/180px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_01.jpg/240px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">General view.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Access gate."><img alt="Access gate." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_02.jpg/120px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_02.jpg/180px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_02.jpg/240px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Access gate.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A piezometer."><img alt="A piezometer." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_10.jpg/120px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_10.jpg/180px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_10.jpg/240px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A piezometer.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Another with nomenclature."><img alt="Another with nomenclature." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_09.jpg/120px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_09.jpg/180px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_09.jpg/240px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Another with nomenclature.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A piezometer at the Gouhenans lindane deposit."><img alt="A piezometer at the Gouhenans lindane deposit." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_07.jpg/80px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_07.jpg/120px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_07.jpg/160px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A piezometer at the Gouhenans lindane deposit.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Piezometer P91.03 at the Gouhenans lindane deposit."><img alt="Piezometer P91.03 at the Gouhenans lindane deposit." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_08.jpg/80px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_08.jpg/120px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_08.jpg/160px-2016-10_-_D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t_de_lindane_de_Gouhenans_-_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Piezometer P91.03 at the Gouhenans lindane deposit.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heritage">Heritage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Heritage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> At the beginning of the 21st century, the site was extensively overgrown with vegetation. Only a few remnants of the former buildings remain, some in ruins and others repurposed. The sole remaining tall square chimney stands as a testament to the site's industrial past.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Community_of_communes_of_Pays_de_Villersexel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Community of communes of Pays de Villersexel (page does not exist)">Pays de Villersexel community</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_de_communes_du_Pays_de_Villersexel" class="extiw" title="fr:Communauté de communes du Pays de Villersexel">fr</a>]</span> initiated a study of a hiking trail project to showcase the region's industrial heritage, particularly its saltworks and coal mines. The route, titled "The Way of Salt and Coal", is funded 25% by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Departmental_council_of_Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Departmental council of Haute-Saône (page does not exist)">general council of Haute-Saône</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conseil_d%C3%A9partemental_de_la_Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne" class="extiw" title="fr:Conseil départemental de la Haute-Saône">fr</a>]</span> and 40% by the European Union. It was inaugurated on 25 June 2009, by the sub-prefect and a hundred people.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, on 11 March 2010, the saltworks were registered in the <a href="/wiki/General_inventory_of_cultural_heritage" title="General inventory of cultural heritage">general inventory of cultural heritage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2016-10_-_Saline_de_Gouhenans_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The old railway siding."><img alt="The old railway siding." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/2016-10_-_Saline_de_Gouhenans_-_01.jpg/120px-2016-10_-_Saline_de_Gouhenans_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/2016-10_-_Saline_de_Gouhenans_-_01.jpg/180px-2016-10_-_Saline_de_Gouhenans_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/2016-10_-_Saline_de_Gouhenans_-_01.jpg/240px-2016-10_-_Saline_de_Gouhenans_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The old railway siding.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_11.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruins in the eastern part."><img alt="Ruins in the eastern part." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_11.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_11.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_11.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_11.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_11.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_11.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ruins in the eastern part.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The pavilion remains intact."><img alt="The pavilion remains intact." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The pavilion remains intact.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Western part of the remains."><img alt="Western part of the remains." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Western part of the remains.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Top of the chimney."><img alt="Top of the chimney." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Saline_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Top of the chimney.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Coal_mines">Coal mines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Coal mines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_operations">Former operations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Former operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne_Keuperian_coalfield" title="Haute-Saône Keuperian coalfield">coal deposit</a> was initially identified in the vicinity of the village of <a href="/wiki/Gouhenans" title="Gouhenans">Gouhenans</a> during the 18th century. In November 1776, the intendant of Franche-Comté and Minister <a href="/wiki/Henri_Bertin" title="Henri Bertin">Henri Bertin</a> initiated a correspondence to authorize the exploitation of the Gouhenan's coal. However, the mining operations ultimately ceased in April 1780 due to the prevalence of water infiltration.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The exploitation of the deposit was restarted for the first time in 1819.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, four shafts and a gallery on the hillside, owned by Messrs. Berthod and Latmotz de Bithaine, were constructed north of Mont, not far from <a href="/wiki/Le_Val-de-Gouhenans" title="Le Val-de-Gouhenans">Val-de-Gouhenans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renewed_exploitation">Renewed exploitation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Renewed exploitation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puits_Corcelles_D_-_D%C3%A9.XXe_-_Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Puits_Corcelles_D_-_D%C3%A9.XXe_-_Crop.jpg/220px-Puits_Corcelles_D_-_D%C3%A9.XXe_-_Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Puits_Corcelles_D_-_D%C3%A9.XXe_-_Crop.jpg/330px-Puits_Corcelles_D_-_D%C3%A9.XXe_-_Crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Puits_Corcelles_D_-_D%C3%A9.XXe_-_Crop.jpg/440px-Puits_Corcelles_D_-_D%C3%A9.XXe_-_Crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="1923" /></a><figcaption>A shaft at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corcelles,_Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corcelles, Haute-Saône (page does not exist)">Corcelles</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corcelles_(Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne)" class="extiw" title="fr:Corcelles (Haute-Saône)">fr</a>]</span> (<a href="/wiki/Saulnot" title="Saulnot">Saulnot</a>), dug and operated by the Gouhenans mines to supply the saltworks in the 1910s.</figcaption></figure> <p>A third concession was granted on 30 July 1828,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to Mr. Parmentier and his associates,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who promptly relocated the existing exploitation area to a new location to the southeast, in the vicinity of the future saltworks.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only shafts No. 1 and No. 2 have been operational since 1827. Shaft No. 1 served as the primary extraction shaft from 1826 to 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1833, the average monthly production was 4,693 quintals, which was entirely consumed by the saltworks.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The operation was terminated in 1835 as a consequence of the prohibition on salt production. The workforce was reduced to 17 individuals, comprising those assigned to maintenance and water pumping. This was a reduction from the usual complement of 85.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, extraction was conducted in shafts No. 4 and No. 5. Shaft No. 4 served as the primary extraction shaft from 1839 to 1869.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1864, the production amounted to 9,983.8 tons of coal, sold at 0.90 francs per quintal.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Gouhenans concession was operated by shafts No. 4 and No. 10, the latter being the main extraction shaft from 1864 to 1874. The following year, the workforce numbered 80 people. </p><p>On 14 March 1879, a presidential decree unified the four <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_of_Vy-l%C3%A8s-Lure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coal mines of Vy-lès-Lure (page does not exist)">concessions of Vy-lès-Lure</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houill%C3%A8res_de_Vy-l%C3%A8s-Lure" class="extiw" title="fr:Houillères de Vy-lès-Lure">fr</a>]</span>, Gouhenans, <a href="/wiki/Athesans-%C3%89troitefontaine" title="Athesans-Étroitefontaine">Athesans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saulnot" title="Saulnot">Saulnot</a> for coal exploitation. At the time of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Decree_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decree in France (page does not exist)">decree</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cret_en_France" class="extiw" title="fr:Décret en France">fr</a>]</span>, the Vy-lès-Lure concession was operational; however, it ceased activities in 1905. In contrast, the <a href="/wiki/Saulnot" title="Saulnot">Saulnot</a> concession was active from 1911 to 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shaft No. 11 was the most productive from 1873 to 1893, after which shaft No. 15 assumed that role until 1899. The cessation of coal mining was first documented in 1900, following the premature closure of shaft No. 15 due to flooding. The resumption of mining activity occurred in 1906, following the abandonment of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_of_Vy-l%C3%A8s-Lure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coal mines of Vy-lès-Lure (page does not exist)">Vy-lès-Lure concession</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houill%C3%A8res_de_Vy-l%C3%A8s-Lure" class="extiw" title="fr:Houillères de Vy-lès-Lure">fr</a>]</span>, initially through a <a href="/wiki/Descender" title="Descender">descender</a> and subsequently through shafts No. 13 and 17. The final cessation of coal mining occurred in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1923, the representative of the Société minière et industrielle de Gouhenans, Mr. Gaillard, formally requested the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Surrender_of_mining_title&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surrender of mining title (page does not exist)">surrender of a mining title</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renonciation_%C3%A0_un_titre_minier" class="extiw" title="fr:Renonciation à un titre minier">fr</a>]</span>. This request was subsequently approved by decree on 17 February 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Concessions_du_N-O_du_Jura.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Concessions_du_N-O_du_Jura.svg/590px-Concessions_du_N-O_du_Jura.svg.png" decoding="async" width="590" height="452" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Concessions_du_N-O_du_Jura.svg/885px-Concessions_du_N-O_du_Jura.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Concessions_du_N-O_du_Jura.svg/1180px-Concessions_du_N-O_du_Jura.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1057" data-file-height="809" /></a><figcaption>The outlines of the six <a href="/wiki/Vosges_and_Jura_coal_mining_basins" title="Vosges and Jura coal mining basins">concessions in the Saône</a> region granted to exploit the <a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne_Keuperian_coalfield" title="Haute-Saône Keuperian coalfield">Keuperian basin</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_concession_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Plan_concession_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG/220px-Plan_concession_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Plan_concession_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG/330px-Plan_concession_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Plan_concession_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG/440px-Plan_concession_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3730" data-file-height="3785" /></a><figcaption>Detail of the Gouhenans concession with the various wells and areas exploited.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shaft_No._1">Shaft No. 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Shaft No. 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&params=47_36_03_N_6_29_04_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°36′03″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°29′04″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.60083°N 6.48444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.60083; 6.48444</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p>Shaft No. 1 was constructed in 1826 and reached a depth of 11 meters below the surface,<sup id="cite_ref-:9_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where coal deposits were encountered. Subsequently, the shaft was extended to a depth of 12 meters. This shaft was situated to the east of the future saltworks, at a location <a href="/wiki/Lieu-dit" title="Lieu-dit">designated</a> as Chintres-du-Chanois.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shaft was timbered with a rectangular section measuring 2.65 meters by 1.32 meters. It was abandoned in January 1833 due to excessive water infiltration.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was subsequently restarted in July after the dewatering of the works.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1834, the shaft was divided into three compartments (two for extraction, one for personnel) by two wooden partitions.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The extraction process was conducted using a <a href="/wiki/Horse_engine" title="Horse engine">horse engine</a>, which was powered by a horse and operated a 5-meter-long arm that drove two 2-meter-diameter drums. The water bucket had a capacity of 312 liters, while the coal cart could hold 2.5 quintals. The horse engine enabled the lifting of 16 carts per hour or 4 tons.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shaft No. 1 was permanently abandoned in 1839, and Shaft No. 4 was subsequently restarted to succeed it.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Examination of the area surrounding the shaft at the beginning of the 21st century revealed the presence of several spoil heaps and mounds.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_1_de_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The slag heap at shaft no. 1."><img alt="The slag heap at shaft no. 1." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_1_de_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_1_de_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_1_de_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_1_de_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_1_de_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_1_de_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The slag heap at shaft no. 1.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_1_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_1_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_1_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_1_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_1_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_1_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_1_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shafts_No._2_and_No._3">Shafts No. 2 and No. 3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Shafts No. 2 and No. 3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&params=47_36_01_N_6_28_57_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°36′01″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°28′57″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.60028°N 6.48250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.60028; 6.48250</span></span></span></a></span></span>; <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&params=47_36_19_N_6_29_18_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°36′19″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°29′18″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.60528°N 6.48833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.60528; 6.48833</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p>Shafts No. 2 and No. 3 were constructed close to shaft No. 1; but they were subsequently decommissioned.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shaft No. 2, which reached a depth of 11 meters, remained operational for an extended period, despite the growth of an <a href="/wiki/Barren_vegetation" title="Barren vegetation">overgrown</a> <a href="/wiki/Spoil_heap" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoil heap">spoil heap</a>. In 1982, a cow from a nearby <a href="/wiki/Pasture" title="Pasture">pasture</a> fell into the shaft. The landowner subsequently backfilled the shaft in the early 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shafts_No._4_and_No._8">Shafts No. 4 and No. 8</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Shafts No. 4 and No. 8"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans-Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Plan_puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans-Crop.jpg/265px-Plan_puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans-Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Plan_puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans-Crop.jpg/398px-Plan_puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans-Crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Plan_puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans-Crop.jpg/530px-Plan_puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans-Crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1913" data-file-height="1177" /></a><figcaption>Ground plan of No. 4 and No. 8 shafts: U. No. 4 shaft, extraction machine, boilers, coal wash house and gypsum mill; X. gypsum kilns and stables; V. shaft No. 8 ; H. settling basins.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:XIXe_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/XIXe_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans.jpg/220px-XIXe_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/XIXe_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans.jpg/330px-XIXe_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/XIXe_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans.jpg/440px-XIXe_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="893" /></a><figcaption>Distant view of shaft No. 4.</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&params=47_35_50_N_6_29_14_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°35′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°29′14″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.59722°N 6.48722°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.59722; 6.48722</span></span></span></a></span></span>; <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&params=47_35_48_N_6_29_15_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°35′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°29′15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.59667°N 6.48750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.59667; 6.48750</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p>Shaft No. 4 was constructed in 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial equipment installed at the site was a four-<a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">horsepower</a> boiler.<sup id="cite_ref-:15_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shaft was constructed with a rectangular timber section measuring 2.66 meters by 1.33 meters.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The depth reached was 33.33 meters, with a coal seam measuring 0.80 meters in thickness being encountered.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shaft was constructed in a location designated as Aux-Planchottes, situated on the border of the commune of <a href="/wiki/Athesans-%C3%89troitefontaine" title="Athesans-Étroitefontaine">Athesans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1832, the project was temporarily halted due to the excessive infiltration of water.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Restoration work commenced in January 1837.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 12-horsepower <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">steam engine</a> was installed in a building constructed in May 1837 to facilitate the extraction and pumping of minerals from the shaft.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two boilers were supplied with water from an underground stream located beneath the engine building.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The loading chamber was constructed at a distance of five meters from the unstable bottom of the shaft, with an elliptical brick gallery serving as the connection. The works were connected to shaft No. 6. A <a href="/wiki/Underground_mine_ventilation" title="Underground mine ventilation">duct</a> was constructed to provide ventilation, passing through the boiler hearth and chimney.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1839, the shaft was restarted to replace shaft No. 1. Before marketing the coal, it was washed to remove the <a href="/wiki/Iron_sulfide" title="Iron sulfide">iron sulfide</a> it contained.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May, it was the only active shaft and suffered a water influx of 2,200 hectoliters per day.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1847, the shaft yard comprised eight <a href="/wiki/Settling" title="Settling">settling</a> basins, a modest stable, and a <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a> kiln. Shaft No. 8, designated "Shafts de-la-Chèvre" due to its smaller size and basic construction featuring a manual winch, served as an exploratory shaft. It was constructed near the basins and buildings associated with Shaft No. 4.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Located 60 meters southeast of Shaft No. 4, Shaft No. 8 reached a depth of 19 meters. It was extended through further exploratory works but ultimately abandoned in 1848 due to the inconclusive nature of the results obtained. Meanwhile, Shaft No. 4 yielded 81,241 quintals over the year, with 300 of these sold to local <a href="/wiki/Farrier" title="Farrier">farriers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:19_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1850, the only operational shaft was No. 4. The extracted coal was subjected to <a href="/wiki/Coal_preparation_plant" title="Coal preparation plant">washing</a> to separate it from the accompanying <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pyrite" title="Pyrite">pyrite</a>. The material was initially screened to separate the larger pieces and then sorted by hand. The remaining fines were washed in a shaker screen and a vibrating table. The <a href="/wiki/Tailings" title="Tailings">waste material</a> was then subjected to a crushing and washing process in a small shaker screen, and the fines were passed through a mesh filter. The material was then subjected to a second washing process, this time between two cast iron pulleys, to extract the pyrite, which was subsequently used in the chemical factory for the production of <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a>. A total of nine individuals were engaged in the coal-washing process, while a further seven were employed in pyrite washing.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1853, the works were organized around a gallery measuring 417 meters in length, which served the shaft. At the surface, the <a href="/wiki/Colliery" class="mw-redirect" title="Colliery">colliery</a> was equipped with an <a href="/wiki/Winding_engine" title="Winding engine">extraction machine</a>, two extraction pumps, two backup pumps, an ore crusher, two large coal screens, and coal and pyrite washers. Its depth was 80 meters.<sup id="cite_ref-:20_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On June 26, 1854, a 19-year-old <a href="/wiki/Rouleur" title="Rouleur">rouleur</a> died of a <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_hemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebral hemorrhage">cerebral hemorrhage</a> following the fall of a shale block.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1859, a new 15-horsepower steam engine was installed for extraction and drainage. In the same year, shaft No. 8 was operational with its small tripod headframe, extracting low-quality coal and mainly <a href="/wiki/Pyrite" title="Pyrite">pyrite</a>. A catastrophic incident in this shaft resulted in the deaths of four miners, the youngest of whom was only 13 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This shaft was subsequently decommissioned.<sup id="cite_ref-:21_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:21-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final extraction works ceased at the end of 1864,<sup id="cite_ref-:10_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the shaft was kept open for the <a href="/wiki/Drainage" title="Drainage">drainage</a> of shaft No. 10, which succeeded it.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> At the beginning of the 21st century, the spoil heap, the site of shaft No. 4, and the remains of building ruins are still visible at the forest edge.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Remains</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of shaft No. 4."><img alt="Location of shaft No. 4." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Location of shaft No. 4.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_07.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of a ruined building."><img alt="Detail of a ruined building." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_07.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_07.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_07.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_07.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of a ruined building.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Uprooted bricks."><img alt="Uprooted bricks." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Uprooted bricks.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Wall base."><img alt="Wall base." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wall base.</div> </li> </ul><p>The spoil heap is the most imposing of all the <a href="/wiki/Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne_Keuperian_coalfield" title="Haute-Saône Keuperian coalfield">operations in the Keuper basin</a>. The longest-lived shaft, across all companies, is No. 4, with a lifespan of 30 years. The heap measures 20 to 60 meters wide, 265 meters long, and peaks at approximately 10 meters high, situated just opposite the shaft.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Spoil heaps</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_15.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Scope."><img alt="Scope." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_15.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_15.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_15.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_15.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_15.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_15.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Scope.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_17.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="End."><img alt="End." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_17.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_17.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_17.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_17.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_17.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_17.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">End.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Plunging view."><img alt="Plunging view." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plunging view.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_19.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Path cutting the slag heap in two."><img alt="Path cutting the slag heap in two." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_19.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_19.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_19.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_19.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_19.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_19.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Path cutting the slag heap in two.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_00.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="High point."><img alt="High point." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_00.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_00.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_00.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_00.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_00.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_4_Gouhenans_-_00.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2836" data-file-height="1883" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">High point.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shaft_No._5">Shaft No. 5</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Shaft No. 5"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&params=47_35_59_N_6_29_01_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°35′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°29′01″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.59972°N 6.48361°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.59972; 6.48361</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p> This 15-meter-deep shaft, designated as Ventilated Shaft No. 6, was constructed in December 1833. Following its establishment, it was connected to Shaft No. 4, which was ventilated using a wooden chimney and subsequently replaced with a metal one.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shaft had a rectangular section measuring 2.66 meters by 1.33 meters.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1847, shaft No. 5 was equipped with a <a href="/wiki/Underground_mine_ventilation" title="Underground mine ventilation">ventilation chimney</a>. The yard included a building that housed the miners' forge and accommodation.<sup id="cite_ref-:18_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:18-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the early 21st century, this building remains extant. The shaft is located on private property on the edge of the saltworks road.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_5_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The surviving building."><img alt="The surviving building." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_5_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_5_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_5_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_5_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_5_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_5_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5876" data-file-height="3667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The surviving building.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_5_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of shaft No. 5."><img alt="Location of shaft No. 5." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_5_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_5_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_5_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_5_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_5_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_5_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Location of shaft No. 5.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_puits_n%C2%B0_5_Gouhenans.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plan of the shaft site: M. forge and living quarters; N. well and ventilation shaft."><img alt="Plan of the shaft site: M. forge and living quarters; N. well and ventilation shaft." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Plan_puits_n%C2%B0_5_Gouhenans.jpg/120px-Plan_puits_n%C2%B0_5_Gouhenans.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Plan_puits_n%C2%B0_5_Gouhenans.jpg/180px-Plan_puits_n%C2%B0_5_Gouhenans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Plan_puits_n%C2%B0_5_Gouhenans.jpg/240px-Plan_puits_n%C2%B0_5_Gouhenans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="1968" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Plan of the shaft site: M. forge and living quarters; N. well and ventilation shaft.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shaft_No._6">Shaft No. 6</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Shaft No. 6"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&params=47_36_01_N_6_28_19_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°36′01″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°28′19″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.60028°N 6.47194°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.60028; 6.47194</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p>Shaft No. 6 was constructed around 1830. The shaft measured 6.33 meters in depth, 3.33 meters in length, and 2.66 meters in width. The lowest point of the shaft opened on one side to a masonry drainage gallery and on the other to a 290-meter timbered extraction gallery, which provided access to a 5.39-meter shaft and, in turn, to the mining works. Subsequently, a six-meter <a href="/wiki/Bilge" title="Bilge">bilge</a> was constructed to collect the water.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1833 onwards, the quality and quantity of coal extracted exhibited a decline.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1834, the shaft was equipped with a horse engine that was identical to that of shaft No. 1, but with only one drum. The extracted coal was notable for its high iron and <a href="/wiki/Pyrite" title="Pyrite">pyrite</a> content.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the spring of 1836, it was the sole operational shaft, with a workforce of thirty.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 21,042 quintals of coal were extracted from this shaft between August 1836 and January 1837. However, the extraction of coal from this shaft ultimately reached its limit.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1837, coal was extracted from the old workings of shaft No. 5 using the room and pillar method, as well as from the faulted area of shaft No. 1.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resulted in the extraction of 17,614 quintals of coal, despite the challenging circumstances, until the end of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shaft ceased extraction in 1839. </p><p>The location of the shaft was altered during the construction of the "horse engine" station, and the shaft opening was concealed beneath a layer of debris measuring several meters in depth. It was subsequently relocated to the schoolyard and then to the courtyard of the Café des Salines.<sup id="cite_ref-:22_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early years of the 21st century, the shaft was located on private property within the boundaries of a garden.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puits_n%C2%B0_6_de_Gouhenans.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Puits_n%C2%B0_6_de_Gouhenans.JPG/220px-Puits_n%C2%B0_6_de_Gouhenans.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Puits_n%C2%B0_6_de_Gouhenans.JPG/330px-Puits_n%C2%B0_6_de_Gouhenans.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Puits_n%C2%B0_6_de_Gouhenans.JPG/440px-Puits_n%C2%B0_6_de_Gouhenans.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Location of shaft No. 6.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shaft_No._7">Shaft No. 7</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Shaft No. 7"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&params=47_35_55_N_6_29_49_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°35′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°29′49″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.59861°N 6.49694°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.59861; 6.49694</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p>Shaft No. 7 is an exploratory shaft that was initiated at the beginning of 1833, situated 1.2 km east of the mining operations. It has a rectangular cross-section of 2.30 meters by 1 meter and intersects two layers of earthy coal at 8 and 10 meters below the surface, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon reaching a depth of 25 meters, the poor quality of the rocks and the abundance of water resulted in the shaft's abandonment.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shaft_No._9">Shaft No. 9</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Shaft No. 9"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&params=47_35_59_N_6_29_33_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°35′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°29′33″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.59972°N 6.49250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.59972; 6.49250</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p>Shaft No. 9 was excavated in 1848, and a structure was erected on the site.<sup id="cite_ref-:19_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:19-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1850, the shaft encountered coal deposits. Three exploratory galleries were constructed to trace the main coal seam and assess its quality over time (in particular, the concentration of pyrite) and to follow two secondary seams that were too thin to be economically viable. A significant fault separated these works from those of Shaft No. 4.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1852, a railway was constructed to connect the shaft to the saltworks,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which commenced operations with an 8 hp steam engine and two cast iron pumps, reaching a depth of 36.5 meters. The site also housed a <a href="/wiki/Steiger_(mining)" title="Steiger (mining)">master miner</a>'s residence.<sup id="cite_ref-:20_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:20-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of the early 21st century, the shaft was located near a field, behind the former master miner's residence. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_9_de_Gouhenans.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_9_de_Gouhenans.JPG/220px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_9_de_Gouhenans.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_9_de_Gouhenans.JPG/330px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_9_de_Gouhenans.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_9_de_Gouhenans.JPG/440px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_9_de_Gouhenans.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Location of shaft No. 9.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shaft_No._10">Shaft No. 10</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Shaft No. 10"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&params=47_36_09_N_6_29_26_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°36′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°29′26″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.60250°N 6.49056°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.60250; 6.49056</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p>Shaft No. 10 was constructed at a location designated as Chanois,<sup id="cite_ref-:10_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commencing on 10 August 1863, to replace Shaft No. 4, which had reached its maximum capacity.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This colliery was operational from September 1864 to February 1874. With a depth of 37.60 meters, the shaft was equipped with a 30-hp steam engine and exploited a 0.60-meter-thick layer of high-quality coal.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The extraction compartment was rectangular, measuring 2.08 meters in length and 1.52 meters in width.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1866, flooding of the galleries situated to the south of the mine was caused by the ingress of water from Shaft No. 4. This was successfully resolved after 12 days of pumping. It was imperative to prioritize coal extraction in this area due to the imminent threat of flooding.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This phase of the project was concluded in late 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the works approached Shaft No. 9 in November 1866, the coal encountered was increasingly hard and pyritic, separated by an increasing layer of barren material.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1867, one of the boilers was found to be leaking, necessitating repairs. Arm towers were installed on each shaft compartment to facilitate the continued extraction of coal at a rate of 45 tons per day.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 1867, a gallery was constructed to exploit a coal mass that had been left by Shaft No. 1. On 5 January 1868, the <a href="/wiki/Winding_engine" title="Winding engine">extraction machine</a>'s spindle was fractured in two locations due to the presence of defective sleeves. This resulted in a <a href="/wiki/Minecart" title="Minecart">cart</a> colliding with the sump following the rupture of the loading chamber. The released cable ascended, departed from the <a href="/wiki/Bilge" title="Bilge">bilge</a>, and wrapped around the spool. The repairs were conducted over five days, using the configuration from the preceding boiler alteration to prevent disruption to the extraction process. In February, the endeavors directed towards Shaft No. 9 were terminated due to the inferior quality of the coal; conversely, the endeavors directed towards the outcrops of Shaft No. 1 were successful in exploiting a highly superior quality seam.<sup id="cite_ref-:23_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:23-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To improve ventilation, which was found to be inadequate during the summer months, a "toc-fire" (fireplace and air intake chimney) was installed in June 1868. In July, the mine had five operational sites to the north, four to the east, four to the south, and seven to the west. In 1869, <a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shale</a> was extracted and used in the chemical factory for the production of <a href="/wiki/Alum" title="Alum">alum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January and February 1870, the <a href="/wiki/Headframe" title="Headframe">headframe</a>, which overlooked the surrounding plains, was used by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussian troops</a> as an observation point during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Villersexel" title="Battle of Villersexel">Battle of Villersexel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shaft was exhausted in February 1872, rendering it inadequate for ensuring salt production.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_27-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the quantity of salt produced by the shaft declined from 122,000 quintals in 1870 to 93,000 quintals in 1871 and 73,434 quintals in 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subsequent shafts in operation were No. 11 and 13. </p><p> As of the early 21st century, the <a href="/wiki/Spoil_heap" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoil heap">spoil heap</a> and the shaft's location can be found on the outskirts of a forested area.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_10_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Shaft location."><img alt="Shaft location." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_10_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_10_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_10_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_10_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_10_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_10_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shaft location.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_10_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The spoil heap."><img alt="The spoil heap." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_10_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_10_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_10_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_10_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_10_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_10_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The spoil heap.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shaft_No._11">Shaft No. 11</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Shaft No. 11"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_-_Puits_11_Gouhenans.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Plan_-_Puits_11_Gouhenans.JPG/220px-Plan_-_Puits_11_Gouhenans.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Plan_-_Puits_11_Gouhenans.JPG/330px-Plan_-_Puits_11_Gouhenans.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Plan_-_Puits_11_Gouhenans.JPG/440px-Plan_-_Puits_11_Gouhenans.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5231" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Implementation of shaft No. 11 in the Villafans forest.</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&params=47_35_30_N_6_28_31_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°35′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°28′31″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.59167°N 6.47528°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.59167; 6.47528</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p>Following its submission on 5 August 1871, an application for authorization to commence excavation of Shaft No. 11 was approved on 8 September. Subsequently, exploratory drilling of No. 19 was initiated. At a depth of 75.34 meters, exploratory drilling intersected a coal seam measuring 0.9 meters in thickness.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_27-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shaft was ultimately constructed in the forest region to the north of <a href="/wiki/Villafans" title="Villafans">Villafans</a>, commencing in March 1872. On 15 June 1873, a high-quality hard coal seam measuring 1.2 meters in thickness was encountered. The shaft was completed at a depth of 76 meters in July. The shaft had a rectangular cross-section of 3.68 meters by 1.52 meters and was timbered with frames. The shaft was subdivided into four distinct compartments, each serving a specific purpose. The first compartment was designated for ladders used by workers, the second for <a href="/wiki/Underground_mine_ventilation" title="Underground mine ventilation">ventilation</a>, and the remaining two for extraction. In October 1873, the shaft produced 600 tons, in February 1874, 1,600 tons, and in March 1874, 1,800 tons. On 9 December 1874, a collapse resulted in one fatality and one serious injury,<sup id="cite_ref-:24_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:24-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> marking the first accident attributed to the use of powder. A year later, the shaft had 24 workings, each measuring 8 meters in width. In January 1876, production reached 932 tons, declining to 868 tons in February and 906 tons in March. The water inflow was 100 cubic meters per day. By August 1876, the shaft had 21 workings served by two large haulage galleries.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, a <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a> pipe was installed to send mine water to the saltworks stream, which flowed into the <a href="/wiki/Ognon_(Franche-Comt%C3%A9)" title="Ognon (Franche-Comté)">Ognon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The coal was transported from the mine shaft to the surface via <a href="/wiki/Skip_(container)" title="Skip (container)">skips</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minecart" title="Minecart">mine carts</a>. The workings, which reached a depth of approximately one hundred meters, were subject to regular inspection by the mine guard until the shaft's closure in 1893.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Removal of the specified area was compensated at a rate per square meter. The miners were required to provide their lighting and purchase <a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">powder</a> from the operators, who provided timber at no additional cost.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ventilation was provided by fresh air descending into the extraction shaft, distributed among the east and west worksites, and then rising through a duct in the ladder compartment.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1889, the shaft employed 29 miners, 13 haulers, 3 mule drivers, and a hookman,<sup id="cite_ref-:26_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:26-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 16 workings in operation. In 1890, the two historical exploitation sectors of the shaft (East and West) merged into one.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_du_puits_n%C2%B0_11_Gouhenans_-_Crop.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ground plan of the shaft installations."><img alt="Ground plan of the shaft installations." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Plan_du_puits_n%C2%B0_11_Gouhenans_-_Crop.JPG/120px-Plan_du_puits_n%C2%B0_11_Gouhenans_-_Crop.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Plan_du_puits_n%C2%B0_11_Gouhenans_-_Crop.JPG/180px-Plan_du_puits_n%C2%B0_11_Gouhenans_-_Crop.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Plan_du_puits_n%C2%B0_11_Gouhenans_-_Crop.JPG/240px-Plan_du_puits_n%C2%B0_11_Gouhenans_-_Crop.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ground plan of the shaft installations.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_chantiers_puits_n%C2%B0_11_et_15.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Work plan for shafts No. 11 and 15."><img alt="Work plan for shafts No. 11 and 15." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Plan_chantiers_puits_n%C2%B0_11_et_15.JPG/120px-Plan_chantiers_puits_n%C2%B0_11_et_15.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Plan_chantiers_puits_n%C2%B0_11_et_15.JPG/180px-Plan_chantiers_puits_n%C2%B0_11_et_15.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Plan_chantiers_puits_n%C2%B0_11_et_15.JPG/240px-Plan_chantiers_puits_n%C2%B0_11_et_15.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5672" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Work plan for shafts No. 11 and 15.</div> </li> </ul><p>Extraction of the shaft ceased in 1893 and the facility was definitively closed in 1899, following the implementation of procedures to ensure the safety of workers and the <a href="/wiki/Underground_mine_ventilation" title="Underground mine ventilation">ventilation</a> in Shaft No. 15. During the dismantling process, a large horizontal <a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">boiler</a> with two heaters was transferred to a chemical factory, repainted, and maintained for potential resale. Ultimately, the boiler was <a href="/wiki/Scrap" title="Scrap">scrapped</a> in 1936 by the Rollin Company of Lure.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the beginning of the 21st century, the <a href="/wiki/Spoil_heap" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoil heap">spoil heap</a> and a substantial collapse at the shaft location are visible. A lengthy spoil heap, measuring four meters in height and intersected by two bridges, connects it to Shaft No. 15.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Shaft sunk and blocked by branches."><img alt="Shaft sunk and blocked by branches." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shaft sunk and blocked by branches.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The spoil heap at shaft No. 11."><img alt="The spoil heap at shaft No. 11." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The spoil heap at shaft No. 11.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The spoil heap."><img alt="The spoil heap." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_11_de_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The spoil heap.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shaft_No._12">Shaft No. 12</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Shaft No. 12"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&params=47_36_15_N_6_29_45_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°36′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°29′45″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.60417°N 6.49583°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.60417; 6.49583</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p>Shaft No. 12 is a <a href="/wiki/Underground_mine_ventilation" title="Underground mine ventilation">ventilation</a> shaft dug in 1873 and used until 1899.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> At the beginning of the 21st century, a funnel remains at the shaft's location along Departmental Road 18, which bisects the spoil heap.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Shaft location."><img alt="Shaft location." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/120px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/180px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/240px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shaft location.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The spoil heap, north side."><img alt="The spoil heap, north side." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG/120px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG/180px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG/240px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The spoil heap, north side.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Rocks making up the spoil heap."><img alt="Rocks making up the spoil heap." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/120px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/180px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/240px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rocks making up the spoil heap.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The spoil heap split in two by the RD 18."><img alt="The spoil heap split in two by the RD 18." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG/120px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG/180px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG/240px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_12_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The spoil heap split in two by the RD 18.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shaft_No._13">Shaft No. 13</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Shaft No. 13"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&params=47_36_15_N_6_28_37_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°36′15″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°28′37″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.60417°N 6.47694°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.60417; 6.47694</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p>In October 1873, a request for information regarding the location in question was submitted to the local population. Following the acquisition of multiple plots, the commencement of excavation took place on 22 October. The initial coal seam was located by a nearby exploratory drill at a depth of 36.65 meters.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shaft came into contact with a geological fault. The coal seam was found to have a thickness of 0.6 meters.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shaft was completed in 1874 using a <a href="/wiki/Horse_engine" title="Horse engine">horse engine</a>. The shaft was equipped with a new headframe and a 15-horsepower horizontal two-cylinder extraction engine. A pump operated by a <a href="/wiki/Portable_engine" title="Portable engine">portable steam</a> engine was employed to contain the water inflow, which exhibited a range of 25 to 30 cubic meters per day. The exploitation plan then provided that Shaft No. 13 would extract the coal necessary for the saltworks factories' operation, while Shaft No. 11 would extract coal for commercial sale. The exploitation of shafts ceased around 1888 due to the occurrence of terrain faults.<sup id="cite_ref-:27_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:27-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 1911, the former exploratory shaft was reopened to exploit the sector of the opened New Shaft No. 17, which had been initiated in 1909. Shaft No. 13 was rectangular in section, measuring 3.50 meters by 1.35 meters, and had a depth of 50 meters. A new <a href="/wiki/Headframe" title="Headframe">headframe</a> was constructed, comprising a wooden <a href="/wiki/Timber_roof_truss" title="Timber roof truss">structure</a> through which metal cables, operated by an electric winch, passed. Shaft No. 13 was then designated as the extraction shaft, while Shaft No. 17, which was less deep and situated in closer proximity to the workings, served as the means of descent for the workers.<sup id="cite_ref-:28_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:28-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rehabilitation of the shaft."><img alt="Rehabilitation of the shaft." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_02.jpg/120px-Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_02.jpg/180px-Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_02.jpg/240px-Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2152" data-file-height="1178" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rehabilitation of the shaft.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Same view with the final headframe."><img alt="Same view with the final headframe." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_03.jpg/120px-Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_03.jpg/180px-Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_03.jpg/240px-Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2916" data-file-height="1544" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Same view with the final headframe.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_04_-_Crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Close-up view."><img alt="Close-up view." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_04_-_Crop.jpg/120px-Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_04_-_Crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_04_-_Crop.jpg/180px-Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_04_-_Crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_04_-_Crop.jpg/240px-Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_04_-_Crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3335" data-file-height="2776" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Close-up view.</div> </li> </ul><p>The <a href="/wiki/Steiger_(mining)" title="Steiger (mining)">steiger</a>'s residence, situated adjacent to the roadway, was dismantled in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several modest wooden structures, including the <a href="/wiki/Coal_mining" title="Coal mining">lamp room</a>, also ceased to exist during this period.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 21st century, the debris pile and the site of the shaft were transformed into a modest private park.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Shaft location."><img alt="Shaft location." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shaft location.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The spoil heap."><img alt="The spoil heap." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_08.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The spoil heap.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_09.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_09.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_09.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_09.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_09.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_Gouhenans_-_09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shaft_No._14">Shaft No. 14</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Shaft No. 14"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&params=47_35_41_N_6_28_29_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°35′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°28′29″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.59472°N 6.47472°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.59472; 6.47472</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p>In October 1879, the workforce at well no. 11 made an unexpected discovery: borehole No. 15. The location was designated as the hooking chamber for the future shaft No. 14.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This shaft was constructed from the bottom up, following the trajectory of the borehole. The sole shaft within the concession was not dug from the surface. The rectangular section of the shaft measures 3.68 meters by 1.52 meters and is reinforced with timber frames. The shaft is divided into four compartments: one for ladders for workers' descent, one for <a href="/wiki/Underground_mine_ventilation" title="Underground mine ventilation">ventilation</a>, and another for extraction.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sinking of the shaft was completed in March 1880.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At approximately 48 meters deep, it serves for ventilation and access to the works of shaft No. 11.<sup id="cite_ref-:27_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:27-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1882, shaft No. 11 exploited high-quality coal in the sector of shaft No. 14.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> At the beginning of the 21st century, a large funnel remains at the site of the shaft, at the edge of the woods. Only a portion of the spoil heap remains.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_14_de_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Shaft location."><img alt="Shaft location." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_14_de_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_14_de_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_14_de_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_14_de_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_14_de_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_14_de_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shaft location.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_14_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Spoil heap."><img alt="Spoil heap." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_14_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_14_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_14_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_14_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_14_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_14_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spoil heap.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shaft_No._15">Shaft No. 15</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Shaft No. 15"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maquette_chevalement_puits_n%C2%B0_15_-_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Maquette_chevalement_puits_n%C2%B0_15_-_01.JPG/162px-Maquette_chevalement_puits_n%C2%B0_15_-_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="162" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Maquette_chevalement_puits_n%C2%B0_15_-_01.JPG/244px-Maquette_chevalement_puits_n%C2%B0_15_-_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Maquette_chevalement_puits_n%C2%B0_15_-_01.JPG/325px-Maquette_chevalement_puits_n%C2%B0_15_-_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a><figcaption>Model of the headframe.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_-_Puits_15_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Plan_-_Puits_15_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/105px-Plan_-_Puits_15_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="105" height="517" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Plan_-_Puits_15_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/158px-Plan_-_Puits_15_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Plan_-_Puits_15_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG/211px-Plan_-_Puits_15_Gouhenans_-_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1139" data-file-height="5579" /></a><figcaption>Cross-section of shaft.</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&params=47_35_20_N_6_28_37_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°35′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°28′37″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.58889°N 6.47694°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.58889; 6.47694</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p>Following the depletion of the deposit exploited by shaft No. 11,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the board of directors resolved to commence excavation of shaft No. 15 on 18 March 1889. The sinking of the well commenced in September 1889 in the vicinity of shaft No. 11. The well is circular with a diameter of 3.5 meters and is lined with variegated <a href="/wiki/Buntsandstein" title="Buntsandstein">sandstone</a> <a href="/wiki/Rubble_masonry" title="Rubble masonry">blocks</a>. This shaft is solely used for the extraction of minerals, with miners using shaft No. 11 to access the work sites.<sup id="cite_ref-:26_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:26-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, this shaft serves as a <a href="/wiki/Underground_mine_ventilation" title="Underground mine ventilation">ventilation</a> source for the work sites.<sup id="cite_ref-:29_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:29-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shaft reached a depth of 68 meters and commenced operation in 1893, encountering coal at that depth.<sup id="cite_ref-:30_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:30-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The shaft is exploited by caving, with coal extracted from right to left along the galleries. Then, the coal is transported on the surface by a motorized inclined plane to shaft No. 11, and subsequently by rail to the saline. Additionally, dewatering water is conveyed to shaft No. 11 via cast iron pipes after being <a href="/wiki/Decanted" class="mw-redirect" title="Decanted">decanted</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:29_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:29-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The surface installations include a wooden headframe with a pulley axis of 18 meters, the restored <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">steam engine</a> from shaft No. 4 (with <a href="/wiki/Winding_engine" title="Winding engine">extraction drum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pump" title="Pump">pumps</a>), boilers, and a brick chimney. The total cost of establishing the shaft was 101,608.30 francs.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1899, the shaft experienced a water inflow of 750 m³ per day, resulting in its premature abandonment after six years of exploitation.<sup id="cite_ref-:30_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:30-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shaft has a total depth of 70.56 meters.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the beginning of the 21st century, the location of the shaft is marked by the remaining opening and <a href="/wiki/Spoil_tip" title="Spoil tip">spoil heap</a>. The shaft No. 15 site has been developed and integrated into the walking circuit titled "Between Salt and Coal",<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was later renamed "The Way of Salt and Coal."<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Charles Semonin constructed a model of the shaft's <a href="/wiki/Headframe" title="Headframe">headframe</a>, which is currently housed at SHAARL, the Historical and Archaeological Society of the <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Lure" title="Arrondissement of Lure">Arrondissement of Lure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The former shaft No. 15 has been refurbished."><img alt="The former shaft No. 15 has been refurbished." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_08.jpg/120px-2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_08.jpg/180px-2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_08.jpg/240px-2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The former shaft No. 15 has been refurbished.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of the masonry hole."><img alt="Detail of the masonry hole." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_06.jpg/120px-2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_06.jpg/180px-2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_06.jpg/240px-2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of the masonry hole.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Danger sign."><img alt="Danger sign." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_01.jpg/120px-2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_01.jpg/180px-2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_01.jpg/240px-2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Danger sign.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General view of the spoil heap."><img alt="General view of the spoil heap." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_14.jpg/120px-2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_14.jpg/180px-2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_14.jpg/240px-2015-03_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_15_de_Villafans_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">General view of the spoil heap.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shaft_No._16">Shaft No. 16</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Shaft No. 16"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&params=47_35_55_N_6_29_35_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°35′55″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°29′35″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.59861°N 6.49306°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.59861; 6.49306</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p>Shaft No. 16, designated "Échalais well", was excavated between 13 January 1897, and 16 April of the following year. It was used until 1898, after which it was inundated by substantial water inflows. Its depth is 41.63 meters.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In the early 21st century, a spoil heap and a funnel remain at the shaft site, situated on the periphery of a minor road.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Shaft location."><img alt="Shaft location." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/120px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/180px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG/240px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shaft location.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Spoil heap."><img alt="Spoil heap." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/120px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/180px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/240px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spoil heap.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG/120px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG/180px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG/240px-2015-05_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_16_Gouhenans_-_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shaft_No._17">Shaft No. 17</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Shaft No. 17"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fon%C3%A7age_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_Gouhenans.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Fon%C3%A7age_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_Gouhenans.JPG/220px-Fon%C3%A7age_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_Gouhenans.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Fon%C3%A7age_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_Gouhenans.JPG/330px-Fon%C3%A7age_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_Gouhenans.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Fon%C3%A7age_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_Gouhenans.JPG/440px-Fon%C3%A7age_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_Gouhenans.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption>Shaft sinking team.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_et_17_Gouhenans.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Plan_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_et_17_Gouhenans.JPG/220px-Plan_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_et_17_Gouhenans.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Plan_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_et_17_Gouhenans.JPG/330px-Plan_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_et_17_Gouhenans.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Plan_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_et_17_Gouhenans.JPG/440px-Plan_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_13_et_17_Gouhenans.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4808" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption>Work on shaft No. 17 and the link with No. 13.</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&params=47_35_25_N_6_28_44_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°35′25″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°28′44″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.59028°N 6.47889°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.59028; 6.47889</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p>Exploitation resumed in 1906 in two distinct sectors: a descent shaft and Well No. 17,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sunk at Chambrevin in May 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The research project commenced in 1909. Two galleries excavated to the northeast and southeast successfully identified the layer, which exhibited a thickness range of 60 to 90 centimeters. The shaft was used for a brief period for exploitation, yielding 10 tons of coal per day, before the installation and activation of shaft No. 13. Additionally, two tons of debris were removed daily. The debris was subsequently deposited on the opposite side of the Époisses road. In a location opposite the shaft, a further lengthy spoil heap was constructed in advance of the railway line, situated along the route of the path. A pump driven by a <a href="/wiki/Locomotive" title="Locomotive">locomotive</a> was used to contain the water inflow at a rate of 3 m<sup>3</sup>/h. Approximately fifteen individuals were engaged in the coal mining operation. Eight <a href="/wiki/Miner" title="Miner">miners</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Hauler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauler">hauler</a>, four receivers at the base, and two <a href="/wiki/Machinist" title="Machinist">machinists</a> on the surface were employed.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The depth of the well, exclusive of the <a href="/wiki/Bilge" title="Bilge">bilge</a>, is 26 meters. The shaft has a rectangular cross-section of 2 meters by 1 meter and is divided into two compartments: one for ladders with landings and the other for extraction. A steam winch is employed to operate the lift. Two small suction fans were utilized for ventilation purposes; however, in July 1909, a more powerful fan was installed as a <a href="/wiki/Coal_mining" title="Coal mining">replacement</a>. The landing area on the surface is designed and constructed in a manner that ensures protection from the elements. A multitude of galleries excavated within a 30-meter radius of the lower landing had to be filled in, as they posed a threat to the well's structural integrity.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aforementioned works were connected to shaft No. 13 by the end of 1911, thereby facilitating ventilation. In that same year, the well employed a total of 26 workers, including 12 miners and 4 haulers. The 400 tons extracted per month were entirely consumed by the saline. In 1912, well No. 13 became the extraction well, while shaft No. 17 served for worker descent (being less deep and closer to the worksites).<sup id="cite_ref-:28_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:28-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An <a href="/wiki/Electric_transformer" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric transformer">electric transformer</a> was installed on the site.<sup id="cite_ref-:31_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:31-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1913, a layer with a thickness varying from 0.7 to 1 meter was identified west of the well by research conducted in a descent shaft.<sup id="cite_ref-:31_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:31-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The well was the final one to be decommissioned in 1921.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The buildings were demolished, and the well was backfilled between 1924 and 1925 by Mr. May. Only the wooden transformer building remained intact. The structure was struck by <a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">lightning</a> in the summer of 1928, resulting in its destruction by <a href="/wiki/Conflagration" title="Conflagration">fire</a>. In 1993, it was confirmed that the galleries dug east of the well, under houses constructed throughout the 20th century, did not present subsidence risks as a thick layer of <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> covered them.<sup id="cite_ref-:31_97-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:31-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> At the beginning of the 21st century, the two <a href="/wiki/Spoil_tip" title="Spoil tip">spoil heaps</a>, one reworked and the other overgrown, remain in situ. The well site is located at the corner of a private property.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_10.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Shaft location."><img alt="Shaft location." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_10.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_10.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_10.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_10.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_10.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_10.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shaft location.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Reworked main spoil heap, now a residential area."><img alt="Reworked main spoil heap, now a residential area." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reworked main spoil heap, now a residential area.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Secondary spoil heap."><img alt="Secondary spoil heap." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_06.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Secondary spoil heap.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Spoil heap rock."><img alt="Spoil heap rock." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG/120px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG/180px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG/240px-2015-04_-_Puits_n%C2%B0_17_de_Gouhenans_-_04.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spoil heap rock.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Utilisation_houille_Keuper.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Utilisation_houille_Keuper.svg/220px-Utilisation_houille_Keuper.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Utilisation_houille_Keuper.svg/330px-Utilisation_houille_Keuper.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Utilisation_houille_Keuper.svg/440px-Utilisation_houille_Keuper.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1057" data-file-height="809" /></a><figcaption>Use of coal extracted from the various concessions by the saltworks.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Evolution of coal mining in the Gémonval basin (including Saulnot and Gouhenans).<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>1911 </th> <th>1912 </th> <th>1913 </th> <th>1914 </th> <th>1915 </th> <th>1916 </th> <th>1917 </th> <th>1918 </th> <th>1919 </th> <th>1920 </th> <th>1921 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Production (approximate) in thousands of tonnes </td> <td>5.7 </td> <td>6.5 </td> <td>7.5 </td> <td>8.75 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>3.1 </td> <td>9.5 </td> <td>10.6 </td> <td>5.2 </td> <td>3.9 </td> <td>0.95 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_aspects">Social aspects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Social aspects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saline-Gouhenans_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Saline-Gouhenans_11.jpg/220px-Saline-Gouhenans_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Saline-Gouhenans_11.jpg/330px-Saline-Gouhenans_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Saline-Gouhenans_11.jpg/440px-Saline-Gouhenans_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5350" data-file-height="3395" /></a><figcaption>The glassworks housing estate.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Housing">Housing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Housing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The workers' <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneurship" title="Entrepreneurship">company town</a>, colloquially known as the "glass factory estate", was constructed at the outset of the 20th century. It comprises eight semi-detached dwellings. In 1912, the saline's workforce was approximately fifty individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personnel">Personnel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Personnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the mid-19th century, the saline operation was conducted on a 24-hour basis, including Sundays and <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_France" title="Public holidays in France">holidays</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1865, the saline and chemical plant combined employed a total of 132 individuals, in addition to 80 personnel engaged in coal mining.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1875, the workforce comprised 242 male employees, five female employees, and 30 children.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salaries">Salaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Salaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Daily wages of coal mine employees in 1834:<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Trade(s) </th> <th>Amount </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Miner" title="Miner">Miner</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">40⁄45 centimes</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Small hauler</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">28⁄30 centimes</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Large hauler</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">12 centimes/quintal</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Pumper</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">44 francs/month</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A "small hauler" operated small primitive wooden <a href="/wiki/Minecart" title="Minecart">minecart</a>, which were colloquially referred to as "mine dogs." Mounted on iron-shod wooden rollers, their capacity was 125 kg. At the exit of the work site, the materials were transferred into 250 kg carts, which were then transported to the landing by the "large haulers." Finally, the materials were brought to the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accidents">Accidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Accidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Gouhenans coal mines did not experience significant disasters such as <a href="/wiki/Firedamp" title="Firedamp">firedamp</a> explosions. However, there were several instances of individual accidents, often localized collapses, which resulted in injuries or fatalities among miners.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1838, former miners injured in <a href="/wiki/Work_accident" title="Work accident">work accidents</a> received a daily retirement of 75 centimes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Coal mines and saltworks of Gouhenans</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Coal mines and saltworks of Gouhenans">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Houill%C3%A8res_et_saline_de_Gouhenans" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Houillères et saline de Gouhenans">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Coal mines and saltworks of Gouhenans">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Coal mines and saltworks of Gouhenans">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Coal mines and saltworks of Gouhenans">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Coal mines and saltworks of Gouhenans">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Coal mines and saltworks of Gouhenans">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gouhenans" title="Gouhenans">Gouhenans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villafans" title="Villafans">Villafans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_mining" title="Salt mining">Salt mining</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Measurements made with <a href="/wiki/Google_Earth" title="Google Earth">Google Earth</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The history of shaft No. 11 is detailed on a tourist panel on site.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.geneawiki.com%2Findex.php%2FFichier%3A112_Gouhenans_maison_du_maitre_mineur_ras%25C3%25A9e_en_1989_appartenait_%25C3%25A0_Courtot_Pierre(dit_Papon).jpg#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url">"Photographic archives of Jean-Christophe Thiébaud"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fr.geneawiki.com/wiki/Fichier:112_Gouhenans_maison_du_maitre_mineur_ras%C3%A9e_en_1989_appartenait_%C3%A0_Courtot_Pierre(dit_Papon).jpg">the original</a> on 4 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Photographic+archives+of+Jean-Christophe+Thi%C3%A9baud.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.geneawiki.com%2Fwiki%2FFichier%3A112_Gouhenans_maison_du_maitre_mineur_ras%25C3%25A9e_en_1989_appartenait_%25C3%25A0_Courtot_Pierre%28dit_Papon%29.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Testimony of the owner, Mrs. May.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aerial photography missions are available on <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9oportail" title="Géoportail">Géoportail</a> by year.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The well-needed clarification with well no 11 during its renovation.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature_references">Literature references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Literature references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThirria1869">Thirria 1869</a>, pp. 184–186</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDebras2013">Debras 2013</a>, p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDebras2013">Debras 2013</a>, p. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>La Haute-Saône Nouveau dictionnaire des communes Tome II</i> (in French). Société d'agriculture, lettres, sciences et arts de la Haute-Saône. 1973.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne+Nouveau+dictionnaire+des+communes+Tome+II&rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+d%27agriculture%2C+lettres%2C+sciences+et+arts+de+la+Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne&rft.date=1973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993e">Semonin 1993e</a>, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993e">Semonin 1993e</a>, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoulon2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Coulon, Eric (2004). <i>Bourgs et villages de Haute-Saône</i>. Sites et villages (in French). Cabédita Editions. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-88295-418-2" title="Special:BookSources/2-88295-418-2"><bdi>2-88295-418-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bourgs+et+villages+de+Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne&rft.series=Sites+et+villages&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Cab%C3%A9dita+Editions&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=2-88295-418-2&rft.aulast=Coulon&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaessle1990">Daessle 1990</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anciensbachy.fr%2Fancrages%2520bachy%2FAncrages22.pdf"><i>Le lindane ne risque plus de s'échapper</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Ancrage (in French). Bachy. 1992. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anciensbachy.fr/ancrages%20bachy/Ancrages22.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+lindane+ne+risque+plus+de+s%27%C3%A9chapper&rft.series=Ancrage&rft.pub=Bachy&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anciensbachy.fr%2Fancrages%2520bachy%2FAncrages22.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaudrey2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vaudrey, Eugène (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220926023413/https://www.cc-villersexel.fr/pdf/bull-n2-web.pdf#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url"><i>Inauguration de la Voie du sel et du charbon</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Le journal de la CCPV (in French). Communauté de communes du Pays de Villersexel. p. 2. Archived from the original on 26 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inauguration+de+la+Voie+du+sel+et+du+charbon&rft.series=Le+journal+de+la+CCPV&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Communaut%C3%A9+de+communes+du+Pays+de+Villersexel&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Vaudrey&rft.aufirst=Eug%C3%A8ne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcc-villersexel.fr%2Fpdf%2Fbull-n2-web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pierre Semonin based on the Haute-Saône departmental archives and the archives of the Besançon municipal library.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuchaux1866">Suchaux 1866</a>, p. 304</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBregnard2010">Bregnard 2010</a>, p. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, pp. 36–37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di_8NAAAAQAAJ%26dq%3Dgouhenans%2Bpuits%2B5#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url"><i>Commission des annales des mines, Annales des mines ou Recueil de mémoires sur l'exploitation des mines et sur les sciences et les arts qui s'y rattachent</i></a> (in French). Vol. 6. Éditions Dunod. 1829. p. 487. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i_8NAAAAQAAJ&q=gouhenans+puits+5">the original</a> on 22 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commission+des+annales+des+mines%2C+Annales+des+mines+ou+Recueil+de+m%C3%A9moires+sur+l%27exploitation+des+mines+et+sur+les+sciences+et+les+arts+qui+s%27y+rattachent&rft.pages=487&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Dunod&rft.date=1829&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di_8NAAAAQAAJ%26q%3Dgouhenans%2Bpuits%2B5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenoit1999">Benoit 1999</a>, pp. 90 & 98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRicours1944">Ricours 1944</a>, p. 136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBRGM1998">BRGM 1998</a>, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_27-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_27-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_27-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_27-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993a">Semonin 1993a</a>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:17_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, pp. 58 & 61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 65</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:18-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:18_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:18_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemchin1973" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Semchin, Pierre (July 1973). <i>Gouhenans : les installations du puits no 4 le 5 mai 1847</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gouhenans+%3A+les+installations+du+puits+no+4+le+5+mai+1847&rft.date=1973-07&rft.aulast=Semchin&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:19-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:19_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:19_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, pp. 79–80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, pp. 84–85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:20-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:20_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:20_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:21-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:21_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:21_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, pp. 91–94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993c">Semonin 1993c</a>, p. 27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:22_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:22_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 47</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 86</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993c">Semonin 1993c</a>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993c">Semonin 1993c</a>, p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993c">Semonin 1993c</a>, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:23-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:23_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:23_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993c">Semonin 1993c</a>, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993c">Semonin 1993c</a>, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993c">Semonin 1993c</a>, p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993c">Semonin 1993c</a>, pp. 14–16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993c">Semonin 1993c</a>, pp. 14–16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993c">Semonin 1993c</a>, p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:24-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:24_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993a">Semonin 1993a</a>, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993a">Semonin 1993a</a>, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993d">Semonin 1993d</a>, p. 8 bis</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993a">Semonin 1993a</a>, p. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:25-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:25_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993a">Semonin 1993a</a>, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:26-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:26_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:26_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993a">Semonin 1993a</a>, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993d">Semonin 1993d</a>, pp. 60–61</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993d">Semonin 1993d</a>, pp. 65 & 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRicours1944">Ricours 1944</a>, p. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993e">Semonin 1993e</a>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993e">Semonin 1993e</a>, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:27-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:27_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:27_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993e">Semonin 1993e</a>, p. 4 et. seq.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:28-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:28_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:28_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993g">Semonin 1993g</a>, pp. 7–9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993a">Semonin 1993a</a>, p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993a">Semonin 1993a</a>, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993a">Semonin 1993a</a>, p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993f">Semonin 1993f</a>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:29-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:29_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:29_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993f">Semonin 1993f</a>, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:30-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:30_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:30_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenoit1999">Benoit 1999</a>, p. 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993f">Semonin 1993f</a>, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRicours1944">Ricours 1944</a>, p. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993a">Semonin 1993a</a>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRicours1944">Ricours 1944</a>, p. 118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRicours1944">Ricours 1944</a>, p. 120</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFComité_central_des_Houillières_de_France1909" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Comité central des Houillières de France (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGHYrUl66D1MC%26dq%3Dgouhenans%2Bpuits%2Bcharbon%2B15#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url"><i>Rapports des ingénieurs des mines aux conseils généraux sur la situation des mines et usines en 1908</i></a> (in French). Laguerre. p. 215. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GHYrUl66D1MC&q=gouhenans+puits+charbon+15">the original</a> on 23 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rapports+des+ing%C3%A9nieurs+des+mines+aux+conseils+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux+sur+la+situation+des+mines+et+usines+en+1908&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Laguerre&rft.date=1909&rft.au=Comit%C3%A9+central+des+Houilli%C3%A8res+de+France&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGHYrUl66D1MC%26q%3Dgouhenans%2Bpuits%2Bcharbon%2B15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993g">Semonin 1993g</a>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993g">Semonin 1993g</a>, pp. 2–4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:31-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:31_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:31_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:31_97-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993g">Semonin 1993g</a>, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDormoisRicours1943">Dormois & Ricours 1943</a>, pp. 8–9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, p. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSemonin1993b">Semonin 1993b</a>, pp. 54, 59–60 & 88</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_references">Internet references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Internet references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pop.culture.gouv.fr%2Fnotice%2Fmerimee%2FIA70000077#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url">"Saline et usine de produits chimiques dites saline de Gouhenans"</a>. <i>Notice No. IA70000077, on the open heritage platform, <a href="/wiki/Base_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Base Mérimée">Base Mérimée</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Ministry_of_Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="French Ministry of Culture">French Ministry of Culture</a>.</i> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/IA70000077">the original</a> on 18 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Notice+No.+IA70000077%2C+on+the+open+heritage+platform%2C+Base+M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e%2C+French+Ministry+of+Culture.&rft.atitle=Saline+et+usine+de+produits+chimiques+dites+saline+de+Gouhenans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpop.culture.gouv.fr%2Fnotice%2Fmerimee%2FIA70000077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.objectifgard.com%2F2015%2F07%2F20%2Fscandales-de-lete-laffaire-teste-cubieres-ou-la-chute-retentissante-du-ministre-bagnolais-corrompu%2F#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url">"L'affaire Teste-Cubières, ou la chute retentissante du ministre bagnolais corrompu"</a>. <i>objectifgard.com</i> (in French). 20 July 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.objectifgard.com/actualites/scandales-de-lete-laffaire-teste-cubieres-ou-la-chute-retentissante-du-ministre-bagnolais-corrompu-69708.php">the original</a> on 11 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=objectifgard.com&rft.atitle=L%27affaire+Teste-Cubi%C3%A8res%2C+ou+la+chute+retentissante+du+ministre+bagnolais+corrompu&rft.date=2015-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.objectifgard.com%2Factualites%2Fscandales-de-lete-laffaire-teste-cubieres-ou-la-chute-retentissante-du-ministre-bagnolais-corrompu-69708.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fbasol.developpement-durable.gouv.fr%2Ffiche.php%3Fpage%3D2%26index_sp%3D70.0001#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url">"Dépôt de résidus de lindane à Gouhenans (Haute-Saône)"</a>. <i>BASOL database</i> (in French). 5 September 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://basol.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/fiche.php?page=2&index_sp=70.0001">the original</a> on 29 November 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BASOL+database&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9p%C3%B4t+de+r%C3%A9sidus+de+lindane+%C3%A0+Gouhenans+%28Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne%29&rft.date=2015-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbasol.developpement-durable.gouv.fr%2Ffiche.php%3Fpage%3D2%26index_sp%3D70.0001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaucoup2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Faucoup, Yves (21 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.mediapart.fr%2Fyves-faucoup%2Fblog%2F211016%2F5200-tonnes-de-dechets-toxiques-enterres#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url">"5200 tonnes de déchets toxiques enterrés"</a>. <i>Le club <a href="/wiki/Mediapart" title="Mediapart">Mediapart</a></i> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.mediapart.fr/yves-faucoup/blog/211016/5200-tonnes-de-dechets-toxiques-enterres">the original</a> on 25 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+club+Mediapart&rft.atitle=5200+tonnes+de+d%C3%A9chets+toxiques+enterr%C3%A9s&rft.date=2016-10-21&rft.aulast=Faucoup&rft.aufirst=Yves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.mediapart.fr%2Fyves-faucoup%2Fblog%2F211016%2F5200-tonnes-de-dechets-toxiques-enterres&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240506080446/https://www.visorando.com/randonnee-entre-sel-et-charbon/#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url">"Entre Sel et Charbon"</a>. <i>visorando.com</i> (in French). 28 November 2013. Archived from the original on 6 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=visorando.com&rft.atitle=Entre+Sel+et+Charbon&rft.date=2013-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visorando.com%2Frandonnee-entre-sel-et-charbon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220928065647/https://www.ot-villersexel.fr/LEI/SENTIER-DE-RANDONNEE-%22LA-VOIE-DU-SEL-ET-DU-CHARBON%22.htm?HTMLPage=/tourisme/sentiers-randonnees.htm&action=&page=1&commune=&categorie=2000032s2000012&genre=2000002&nom_recherche=&ID=342000263&GENRE=2000002&langue=1&sessionalea=0,61961#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url">"Sentier de randonnée : la Voie du Sel et du Charbon"</a>. <i>Tourist office of the Pays de Villersexel community of communes.</i> (in French). Archived from the original on 28 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tourist+office+of+the+Pays+de+Villersexel+community+of+communes.&rft.atitle=Sentier+de+randonn%C3%A9e+%3A+la+Voie+du+Sel+et+du+Charbon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fot-villersexel.fr%2FLEI%2FSENTIER-DE-RANDONNEE-%2522LA-VOIE-DU-SEL-ET-DU-CHARBON%2522.htm%3FHTMLPage%3D%2Ftourisme%2Fsentiers-randonnees.htm%26action%3D%26page%3D1%26commune%3D%26categorie%3D2000032s2000012%26genre%3D2000002%26nom_recherche%3D%26ID%3D342000263%26GENRE%3D2000002%26langue%3D1%26sessionalea%3D0%2C61961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuchaux1866" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Suchaux, L (1866). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ehhp_LmUnkC%26dq%3Dcorcelles%2Bsuchaux#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url"><i>La Haute-Saône : dictionnaire historique, topographique et statistique des communes du département</i></a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7ehhp_LmUnkC&q=corcelles+suchaux">the original</a> on 18 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne+%3A+dictionnaire+historique%2C+topographique+et+statistique+des+communes+du+d%C3%A9partement&rft.date=1866&rft.aulast=Suchaux&rft.aufirst=L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ehhp_LmUnkC%26q%3Dcorcelles%2Bsuchaux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThirria1869" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thirria, Édouard (1869). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvJtAAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA182%26dq%3Dhouille%2Bhaute-sa%25C3%25B4ne#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url"><i>Manuel à l'usage de l'habitant du département de la Haute-Saône</i></a> (in French). pp. 182–186. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vJtAAAAAYAAJ&dq=houille+haute-sa%C3%B4ne&pg=PA182">the original</a> on 11 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manuel+%C3%A0+l%27usage+de+l%27habitant+du+d%C3%A9partement+de+la+Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne&rft.pages=182-186&rft.date=1869&rft.aulast=Thirria&rft.aufirst=%C3%89douard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvJtAAAAAYAAJ%26dq%3Dhouille%2Bhaute-sa%25C3%25B4ne%26pg%3DPA182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDormoisRicours1943" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dormois, R; Ricours, J (1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221220213949/http://infoterre.brgm.fr/rapports/BRGG-A0031.pdf"><i>Houille triasique sur le versant N.O. du Jura</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Bureau_de_Recherches_G%C3%A9ologiques_et_Mini%C3%A8res" title="Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières">BRGM</a>. Archived from the original on 20 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Houille+triasique+sur+le+versant+N.O.+du+Jura&rft.pub=BRGM&rft.date=1943&rft.aulast=Dormois&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Ricours%2C+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfoterre.brgm.fr%2Frapports%2FBRGG-A0031.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonte1939" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bonte, A (1939). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Finfoterre.brgm.fr%2Frapports%2FBRGG-A0374.pdf"><i>Rapport sur la structure de la partie occidentale de la concession de sel de Gouhenans (Haute-Saône)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Bureau_de_Recherches_G%C3%A9ologiques_et_Mini%C3%A8res" title="Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières">BRGM</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infoterre.brgm.fr/rapports/BRGG-A0374.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rapport+sur+la+structure+de+la+partie+occidentale+de+la+concession+de+sel+de+Gouhenans+%28Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne%29&rft.pub=BRGM&rft.date=1939&rft.aulast=Bonte&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfoterre.brgm.fr%2Frapports%2FBRGG-A0374.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRicours1944" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ricours, J (1944). <i>Travaux pour recherche pour exploitation de houilles et de sel gemme triasiques dans les concessions de Gouhenans et des Époisses (Haute-Saône)</i> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Bureau_de_Recherches_G%C3%A9ologiques_et_Mini%C3%A8res" title="Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières">BRGM</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Travaux+pour+recherche+pour+exploitation+de+houilles+et+de+sel+gemme+triasiques+dans+les+concessions+de+Gouhenans+et+des+%C3%89poisses+%28Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne%29&rft.pub=BRGM&rft.date=1944&rft.aulast=Ricours&rft.aufirst=J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaessle1990" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Daessle, M (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Finfoterre.brgm.fr%2Frapports%2FRR-31855-FR.pdf"><i>Amélioration du confinement du dépôt de résidus de fabrication de Lindane de Gouhenans, Haute-Saône : Définition des travaux</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Bureau_de_Recherches_G%C3%A9ologiques_et_Mini%C3%A8res" title="Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières">BRGM</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infoterre.brgm.fr/rapports/RR-31855-FR.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Am%C3%A9lioration+du+confinement+du+d%C3%A9p%C3%B4t+de+r%C3%A9sidus+de+fabrication+de+Lindane+de+Gouhenans%2C+Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne+%3A+D%C3%A9finition+des+travaux&rft.pub=BRGM&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Daessle&rft.aufirst=M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfoterre.brgm.fr%2Frapports%2FRR-31855-FR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemonin1993a" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Semonin, Pierre (1993a). <i>Le gîte houiller de Villafans</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+g%C3%AEte+houiller+de+Villafans&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Semonin&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemonin1993b" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Semonin, Pierre (1993b). <i>Houillère de Gouhenans : Les puits 1-5-6 (1828–1839), le puits 4 (1839–1864)</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Houill%C3%A8re+de+Gouhenans+%3A+Les+puits+1-5-6+%281828%E2%80%931839%29%2C+le+puits+4+%281839%E2%80%931864%29&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Semonin&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemonin1993c" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Semonin, Pierre (1993c). <i>Houillère de Gouhenans : Le puits 10 (1863–1873)</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Houill%C3%A8re+de+Gouhenans+%3A+Le+puits+10+%281863%E2%80%931873%29&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Semonin&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemonin1993d" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Semonin, Pierre (1993d). <i>Houillère de Gouhenans : Le puits 11 (1873–1893)</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Houill%C3%A8re+de+Gouhenans+%3A+Le+puits+11+%281873%E2%80%931893%29&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Semonin&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemonin1993e" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Semonin, Pierre (1993e). <i>Houillère de Gouhenans : Le puits 13 (1873–1893)</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Houill%C3%A8re+de+Gouhenans+%3A+Le+puits+13+%281873%E2%80%931893%29&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Semonin&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemonin1993f" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Semonin, Pierre (1993f). <i>Houillère de Gouhenans : Le puits 15, première partie (1889–1891)</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Houill%C3%A8re+de+Gouhenans+%3A+Le+puits+15%2C+premi%C3%A8re+partie+%281889%E2%80%931891%29&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Semonin&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemonin1993g" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Semonin, Pierre (1993g). <i>Houillère de Gouhenans : Le puits 17 (190?–1916)</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Houill%C3%A8re+de+Gouhenans+%3A+Le+puits+17+%28190%3F%E2%80%931916%29&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Semonin&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemonin1993h" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Semonin, Pierre (1993h). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.geneawiki.com%2Findex.php%2F70271_-_Gouhenans_-_Les_salines#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url"><i>Usines de Gouhenans : La grande cheminée</i></a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fr.geneawiki.com/wiki/70271_-_Gouhenans_-_Les_salines">the original</a> on 14 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Usines+de+Gouhenans+%3A+La+grande+chemin%C3%A9e&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Semonin&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.geneawiki.com%2Fwiki%2F70271_-_Gouhenans_-_Les_salines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBRGM1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">BRGM (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Finfoterre.brgm.fr%2Frapports%2FRR-40031-FR.pdf"><i>Ancienne concession de houille de Vy-lès-Lure (70) : Etat des lieux</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infoterre.brgm.fr/rapports/RR-40031-FR.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 18 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancienne+concession+de+houille+de+Vy-l%C3%A8s-Lure+%2870%29+%3A+Etat+des+lieux&rft.date=1998&rft.au=BRGM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfoterre.brgm.fr%2Frapports%2FRR-40031-FR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenoit1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Benoit, Paul (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD660AAAAIAAJ%26dq%3Dmine%2BGouhenans%2BVillafans#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url"><i>Le Charbon de Terre en Europe Occidentale Avant L'usage Industriel Du Coke</i></a> (in French). Brepols. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-503-50891-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-503-50891-7"><bdi>978-2-503-50891-7</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D660AAAAIAAJ&q=mine+Gouhenans+Villafans">the original</a> on 9 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Charbon+de+Terre+en+Europe+Occidentale+Avant+L%27usage+Industriel+Du+Coke&rft.pub=Brepols&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-2-503-50891-7&rft.aulast=Benoit&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD660AAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dmine%2BGouhenans%2BVillafans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBregnard2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bregnard, Bregnard (2010). <i>Les Vosges saônoises de A à Z</i> (in French). Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire: Éditions Alan Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8138-0168-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8138-0168-5"><bdi>978-2-8138-0168-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Vosges+sa%C3%B4noises+de+A+%C3%A0+Z&rft.place=Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Alan+Sutton&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-2-8138-0168-5&rft.aulast=Bregnard&rft.aufirst=Bregnard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDebras2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Debras, Sylvie (2013). <i>Du sel dans nos ballades</i>. En vadrouille (in French). Mille et un chemins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-10-90357-02-0" title="Special:BookSources/979-10-90357-02-0"><bdi>979-10-90357-02-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2103-7361">2103-7361</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Du+sel+dans+nos+ballades&rft.series=En+vadrouille&rft.pub=Mille+et+un+chemins&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=2103-7361&rft.isbn=979-10-90357-02-0&rft.aulast=Debras&rft.aufirst=Sylvie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senat.fr%2Fhistoire%2Fles_proces_de_la_cour_des_pairs%2Flaffaire_des_mines_de_gouhenans_1847.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url">"L'affaire des mines de Gouhenans (1847)"</a>. <i>senat.fr</i> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senat.fr/connaitre-le-senat/lhistoire-du-senat/les-proces-de-la-cour-des-pairs/les-proces-de-la-cour-des-pairs-2.html">the original</a> on 18 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=senat.fr&rft.atitle=L%27affaire+des+mines+de+Gouhenans+%281847%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senat.fr%2Fconnaitre-le-senat%2Flhistoire-du-senat%2Fles-proces-de-la-cour-des-pairs%2Fles-proces-de-la-cour-des-pairs-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senat.fr%2Fhistoire%2Fles_proces_de_la_cour_des_pairs%2Flaffaire_des_mines_de_gouhenans_1847.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url">"Les salines de Châtillon-le-Duc, Mélecey et Gouhenans"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_chr%C3%A9tienne_francophone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio chrétienne francophone (page does not exist)">RCF</a></i> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcf.fr/les-salines-de-chatillon-le-duc-melecey-et-gouhenans">the original</a> on 29 November 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RCF&rft.atitle=Les+salines+de+Ch%C3%A2tillon-le-Duc%2C+M%C3%A9lecey+et+Gouhenans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcf.fr%2Fles-salines-de-chatillon-le-duc-melecey-et-gouhenans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Frcf.fr%2Fsuite-et-fin-de-la-saline-de-gouhenans-en-haute-saone#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url">"Suite et fin de la saline de Gouhenans en Haute-Saône"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_chr%C3%A9tienne_francophone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio chrétienne francophone (page does not exist)">RCF</a></i> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcf.fr/suite-et-fin-de-la-saline-de-gouhenans-en-haute-saone">the original</a> on 29 November 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RCF&rft.atitle=Suite+et+fin+de+la+saline+de+Gouhenans+en+Haute-Sa%C3%B4ne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcf.fr%2Fsuite-et-fin-de-la-saline-de-gouhenans-en-haute-saone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220103165245/https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/bourgogne-franche-comte/haute-saone/dechets-toxiques-gouhenans-affaire-qui-refait-surface-1125581.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url"><i>Déchets toxiques à Gouhenans : une affaire qui refait surface</i></a> (Video) (in French). <a href="/wiki/France_3_Franche-Comt%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="France 3 Franche-Comté">France 3 Franche-Comté</a>. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%C3%A9chets+toxiques+%C3%A0+Gouhenans+%3A+une+affaire+qui+refait+surface&rft.pub=France+3+Franche-Comt%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrance3-regions.francetvinfo.fr%2Fbourgogne-franche-comte%2Fhaute-saone%2Fdechets-toxiques-gouhenans-affaire-qui-refait-surface-1125581.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoal+mines+and+saltworks+of+Gouhenans" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_AV_media" title="Template:Cite AV media">cite AV media</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&oldid=1248933961">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&oldid=1248933961</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coal_companies_of_France" title="Category:Coal companies of France">Coal companies of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mining" title="Category:Mining">Mining</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sodium_minerals" title="Category:Sodium minerals">Sodium minerals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Manufacturing_plants" title="Category:Manufacturing plants">Manufacturing plants</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Industrial_buildings_and_structures" title="Category:Industrial buildings and structures">Industrial buildings and structures</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2024">Use dmy dates from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search">Pages using Sister project links with default search</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 October 2024, at 08:08<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-66c5b56c76-8s2wc","wgBackendResponseTime":118,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.912","walltime":"1.408","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8925,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":133145,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5330,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":219082,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1147.399 1 -total"," 10.44% 119.774 1 Template:Infobox_company"," 10.05% 115.329 1 Template:Short_description"," 9.07% 104.041 10 Template:Cite_web"," 9.04% 103.721 25 Template:Cite_book"," 8.29% 95.124 81 Template:Harvsp"," 7.69% 88.178 1 Template:Infobox"," 6.30% 72.285 27 Template:Main_other"," 5.06% 58.092 1 Template:Sister_project_links"," 4.81% 55.206 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.386","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9381422,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBRGM1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenoit1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBonte1939\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBregnard2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFComité_central_des_Houillières_de_France1909\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoulon2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDaessle1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDebras2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDormoisRicours1943\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaucoup2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRicours1944\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSemchin1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSemonin1993a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSemonin1993b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSemonin1993c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSemonin1993d\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSemonin1993e\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSemonin1993f\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSemonin1993g\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSemonin1993h\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuchaux1866\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThirria1869\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVaudrey2009\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Center\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 25,\n [\"Cite video\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 10,\n [\"Coord\"] = 17,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvsp\"] = 81,\n [\"Infobox company\"] = 1,\n [\"Interlanguage link\"] = 19,\n [\"Legend\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-d948c7fb8-tn9gb","timestamp":"20241206053846","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Coal mines and saltworks of Gouhenans","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Coal_mines_and_saltworks_of_Gouhenans","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q20723368","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q20723368","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2024-07-18T23:06:54Z","dateModified":"2024-10-02T08:08:18Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d2\/Saline-Gouhenans_14.jpg","headline":"complex of mines and factories in eastern France"}</script> </body> </html>