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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vertebrados"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vertebrados</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vertebrados-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Vertebrados</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vertebrados-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anfibios,_reptiles,_y_aves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anfibios,_reptiles,_y_aves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Anfibios, reptiles, y aves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anfibios,_reptiles,_y_aves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mamíferos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mamíferos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mamíferos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mamíferos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erizos_de_mar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erizos_de_mar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Erizos de mar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erizos_de_mar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véase_también" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véase_también"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Véase también</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Véase_también-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referencias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contenidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mandíbulas (zoología)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 74 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%83" title="فك (árabe)" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB_%D1%85%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Нилъалзул хӀама (avar)" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Нилъалзул хӀама" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C9%99n%C9%99" title="Çənə (azerbaiyano)" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çənə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaiyano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%86%D9%87" title="چنه (South Azerbaijani)" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چنه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salang" title="Salang (Central Bikol)" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Salang" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Сківіцы (bielorruso)" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сківіцы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahang" title="Rahang (Betawi)" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Rahang" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82" title="Челюст (búlgaro)" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Челюст" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wihang" title="Wihang (Banjar)" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Wihang" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mand%C3%ADbula" title="Mandíbula (catalán)" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mandíbula" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Celist" title="Čelist (checo)" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čelist" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%AAn" title="Gên (galés)" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gên" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiefer_(Anatomie)" title="Kiefer (Anatomie) (alemán)" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kiefer (Anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hen%C4%B1k" title="Henık (Zazaki)" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Henık" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaw" title="Jaw (inglés)" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Jaw" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makzelo" title="Makzelo (esperanto)" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Makzelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baraila" title="Baraila (euskera)" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Baraila" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="euskera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuka" title="Leuka (finés)" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Leuka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gusuikoya" title="Gusuikoya (fiyiano)" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Gusuikoya" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fiyiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2choire" title="Mâchoire (francés)" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mâchoire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaak" title="Kaak (frisón occidental)" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kaak" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisón occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giall" title="Giall (irlandés)" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Giall" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%99%E9%AA%B9" title="牙骹 (chino gan)" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="牙骹" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="chino gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%AA" title="לסת (hebreo)" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לסת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE" title="जबड़ा (hindi)" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जबड़ा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Celjust" title="Čeljust (croata)" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Čeljust" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machwa" title="Machwa (criollo haitiano)" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Machwa" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="criollo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81llcsont" title="Állcsont (húngaro)" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Állcsont" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BE%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%BF" title="Ծնոտ (armenio)" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ծնոտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibula" title="Mandibula (interlingua)" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mandibula" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahang" title="Rahang (indonesio)" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rahang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Царг (ingush)" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Царг" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kj%C3%A1lki_(bein)" title="Kjálki (bein) (islandés)" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kjálki (bein)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%8E" title="顎 (japonés)" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="顎" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uwang" title="Uwang (javanés)" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Uwang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C9%A3esma%E1%B9%9B" title="Aɣesmaṛ (cabileño)" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aɣesmaṛ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabileño" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D2%9B_(%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Жақ (анатомия) (kazajo)" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жақ (анатомия)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%86" title="ದವಡೆ (canarés)" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದವಡೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%84%B1" title="턱 (coreano)" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="턱" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geb%C3%A9ck" title="Gebéck (luxemburgués)" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gebéck" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%83" title="Ххинчу (Lak)" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ххинчу" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDandikaulis" title="Žandikaulis (lituano)" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žandikaulis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDoklis" title="Žoklis (letón)" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Žoklis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahang" title="Rahang (malayo)" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rahang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%99%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="बङगारा (nepalí)" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बङगारा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbi" title="Simbi (nias)" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Simbi" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaak_(anatomie)" title="Kaak (anatomie) (neerlandés)" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kaak (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjeve" title="Kjeve (noruego nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kjeve" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruego nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjeve" title="Kjeve (noruego bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kjeve" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruego bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A2chouaile" title="Mâchouaile (Norman)" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mâchouaile" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%AC" title="ਹੜਬ (punyabí)" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹੜਬ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punyabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szcz%C4%99ki_(anatomia)" title="Szczęki (anatomia) (polaco)" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szczęki (anatomia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aparatul_dento-maxilar" title="Aparatul dento-maxilar (rumano)" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aparatul dento-maxilar" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Челюсть (ruso)" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Челюсть" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masciddaru" title="Masciddaru (siciliano)" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Masciddaru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%84%D8%A7%DA%99%D9%8A" title="ڄاڙي (sindi)" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڄاڙي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaw" title="Jaw (Simple English)" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jaw" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Celjust" title="Čeljust (esloveno)" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Čeljust" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaya" title="Shaya (shona)" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Shaya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daan" title="Daan (somalí)" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Daan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Вилица (serbio)" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вилица" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4ke" title="Käke (sueco)" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Käke" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taya" title="Taya (suajili)" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Taya" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suajili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/tademaw-ngazuy" title="tademaw-ngazuy (Sakizaya)" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="tademaw-ngazuy" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A1" title="దవడ (telugu)" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="దవడ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3" title="ขากรรไกร (tailandés)" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ขากรรไกร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panga" title="Panga (tagalo)" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panga" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ene" title="Çene (turco)" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çene" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Щелепи (ucraniano)" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Щелепи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apapang%C3%ADg" title="Apapangíg (waray)" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Apapangíg" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A2%9A" title="颚 (chino wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="颚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chino wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwk_(vunz)" title="Hwk (vunz) (zhuang)" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Hwk (vunz)" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A1%8E" title="顎 (chino)" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="顎" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%99%E9%AA%B9" title="牙骹 (cantonés)" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="牙骹" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q180284" title="Enlace al elemento conectado del repositorio de datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento de Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Página de herramientas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apariencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Human_jawbone_left.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Human_jawbone_left.jpg/220px-Human_jawbone_left.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Human_jawbone_left.jpg/330px-Human_jawbone_left.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Human_jawbone_left.jpg/440px-Human_jawbone_left.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1043" /></a><figcaption>La <a href="/wiki/Mand%C3%ADbula" title="Mandíbula">mandíbula</a> inferior humana vista de lado izquierdo</figcaption></figure> <p>En zoología, <b>mandíbula</b> es cualquier estructura articulada oponible en la entrada de la <a href="/wiki/Boca" title="Boca">boca</a>, típicamente utilizado para agarrar y manipular comida. Las <i>mandíbulas</i> es también usada en términos generales a la totalidad de las estructuras que constituyen la bóveda de la boca que sirven para abrir y cerrarlas. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artrópodos"><span id="Artr.C3.B3podos"></span>Artrópodos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mand%C3%ADbulas_(zoolog%C3%ADa)&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Artrópodos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint AP rellink"><span style="font-size:88%">Artículo principal:</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Mand%C3%ADbula_(artr%C3%B3podos)" title="Mandíbula (artrópodos)"> Mandíbula (artrópodos)</a></i></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Bullant_head_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bullant_head_detail.jpg/220px-Bullant_head_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bullant_head_detail.jpg/330px-Bullant_head_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bullant_head_detail.jpg/440px-Bullant_head_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>El mandibles de una <a href="/wiki/Myrmecia" title="Myrmecia">hormiga de toro</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Las mandíbulas de los <a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" title="Arthropoda">artrópodos</a>, son quitinosas y se oponen lateralmente. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vertebrados">Vertebrados</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mand%C3%ADbulas_(zoolog%C3%ADa)&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Vertebrados"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En los <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata">vertebrados</a>, las mandíbulas son óseas o <a href="/wiki/Tejido_cartilaginoso" title="Tejido cartilaginoso">cartilaginosas</a> y oponen verticalmente, comprendiendo una <i>mandíbula superior</i> (o maxilar superior) y una <i>mandíbula inferior</i>. Esta mandíbula deriva del <a href="/wiki/Arco_branquial" title="Arco branquial">arco faríngeo</a> más anterior, y normalmente posee <a href="/wiki/Diente" title="Diente">dientes</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Great_white_shark_at_his_back11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Great_white_shark_at_his_back11.jpg/250px-Great_white_shark_at_his_back11.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Great_white_shark_at_his_back11.jpg/375px-Great_white_shark_at_his_back11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Great_white_shark_at_his_back11.jpg/500px-Great_white_shark_at_his_back11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1155" /></a><figcaption>Mandíbulas de un <a href="/wiki/Carcharodon_carcharias" title="Carcharodon carcharias">tiburón blanco</a></figcaption></figure> <p>La mandíbula de los vertebrados probablemente se originó durante el periodo <a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%BArico" title="Silúrico">Silúrico</a> en los peces <a href="/wiki/Placodermi" title="Placodermi">placodermos</a>, diversificandose durante el <a href="/wiki/Dev%C3%B3nico" title="Devónico">Devónico</a>. Los dos arcos branquiales más anteriores se convirtieron en el arco mandibular y arco hioideo respectivamente. La mayoría de los peces suspenden el arco mandibular a través del arco hioideo, permitiendo una mayor movilidad de la boca (<a href="/wiki/Suspensi%C3%B3n_mandibular" title="Suspensión mandibular">suspensión mandibular</a>). </p><p>La ventaja selectiva original ofrecida por la mandíbula no puede ser relacionada con alimentación, sino a eficacia de respiración aumentada.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Las mandíbulas estuvieron utilizadas en la bomba bucal (observable en <a href="/wiki/Anfibios" class="mw-redirect" title="Anfibios">anfibios</a> y <a href="/wiki/Osteichthyes" title="Osteichthyes">peces modernos</a>) que hace pasar el agua a través de las branquias o el aire a los pulmones. Eventualmente las mandíbulas fueron utilizadas para la alimentación activa. Muchos <a href="/wiki/Teleostei" title="Teleostei">teleósteos</a> han modificado sustancialmente las mandíbulas para succionar el alimento y <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A1neo_cin%C3%A9tico" class="mw-redirect" title="Cráneo cinético">protrusión de mandíbula</a>, resultando en altamente mandíbulas complejas.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anfibios,_reptiles,_y_aves"><span id="Anfibios.2C_reptiles.2C_y_aves"></span>Anfibios, reptiles, y aves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mand%C3%ADbulas_(zoolog%C3%ADa)&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar sección: Anfibios, reptiles, y aves"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La mandíbula en <a href="/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda">tetrápodos</a> es sustancialmente simple comparado con la de los peces <a href="/wiki/Oste%C3%ADctios" class="mw-redirect" title="Osteíctios">osteíctios</a>. La mayoría de los huesos de mandíbula superiores (<a href="/wiki/Premaxilar" title="Premaxilar">premaxilar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxilar" title="Maxilar">maxila</a>r, <a href="/wiki/Yugal" title="Yugal">yugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hueso_quadratojugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hueso quadratojugal">cuadradoyugal</a>, y <a href="/wiki/Yunque_(hueso)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunque (hueso)">cuadrado</a>) se han fusionado al neurocráneo, mientras que la mandíbula inferior sigue compuesta por numerosos huesos (<a href="/wiki/Mand%C3%ADbula" title="Mandíbula">dentario</a>, esplenial, <a href="/wiki/Hueso_angular" title="Hueso angular">angular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suprangular" title="Suprangular">suprangular</a>, y <a href="/wiki/Hueso_articular" title="Hueso articular">articular</a>). La mandíbula articula por una bisagra entre el hueso cuadrado y el articular. Las mandíbulas de <a href="/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda">tetrápodos</a> la exposición que varía grados de <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A1neo_cin%C3%A9tico" class="mw-redirect" title="Cráneo cinético">movilidad entre huesos de mandíbula</a>. Algunas especies poseen los huesos de mandíbula completamente fusionados, mientras que en la mayoría existen suturas entre los mismos. El cráneo de las serpientes muestra el grado más grande de <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A1neo_cin%C3%A9tico" class="mw-redirect" title="Cráneo cinético">cinesis craneal</a>, el cual les permite tragar presas de gran tamaño. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mamíferos"><span id="Mam.C3.ADferos"></span>Mamíferos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mand%C3%ADbulas_(zoolog%C3%ADa)&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar sección: Mamíferos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En mamíferos, las mandíbulas están compuestas por el dentario en la mandíbula inferior, que ahora recibe el nombre de <a href="/wiki/Mand%C3%ADbula" title="Mandíbula">mandíbula</a> (conformado por dos huesos o hemimandíbulas, que en muchos casos se fusionan), y los premaxilares, maxilares y palatinos (que comprenden la mandíbula superior). En la evolución de los mamíferos, varios de los huesos de la estructura de las mandíbulas (principalmente el hueso <a href="/wiki/Hueso_articular" title="Hueso articular">articular</a> de la mandíbula inferior, y el <a href="/wiki/Hueso_cuadrado" class="mw-redirect" title="Hueso cuadrado">hueso cuadrado</a> de la mandíbula superior) se han reducido e incorporado al oído.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid1202224_3-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1202224-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Como resultado, los mamíferos muestran poca o ninguna <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A1neo_cin%C3%A9tico" class="mw-redirect" title="Cráneo cinético">cinesis craneal</a>, y la mandíbula inferior articula con el hueso <a href="/wiki/Hueso_temporal" title="Hueso temporal">temporal</a> a través de la <a href="/wiki/Articulaci%C3%B3n_temporomandibular" title="Articulación temporomandibular">articulación temporomandibular</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erizos_de_mar">Erizos de mar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mand%C3%ADbulas_(zoolog%C3%ADa)&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar sección: Erizos de mar"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Los <a href="/wiki/Echinoidea" title="Echinoidea">erizos de mar</a> poseen mandíbulas únicas que exhiben simetría de cinco partes, que han sido denominadas <i>linternas</i> de Aristóteles. Cada unidad de la mandíbula posee un solo diente de crecimiento continuo, compuesto de <a href="/wiki/Carbonato_de_calcio" title="Carbonato de calcio">carbonato de calcio</a> cristalino. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véase_también"><span id="V.C3.A9ase_tambi.C3.A9n"></span>Véase también</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mand%C3%ADbulas_(zoolog%C3%ADa)&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar sección: Véase también"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prognatismo" title="Prognatismo">Prognatismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspensi%C3%B3n_mandibular" title="Suspensión mandibular">Suspensión mandibular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mand%C3%ADbula" title="Mandíbula">Mandíbula</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mand%C3%ADbulas_(zoolog%C3%ADa)&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFSmithCoates2000" class="citation libro">Smith, M.M.; Coates, M.I. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/developmentfunct00teaf">«10. Evolutionary origins of teeth and jaws: developmental models and phylogenetic patterns»</a>. En Teaford, Mark F.; Smith, Moya Meredith; Ferguson, eds. <i>Development, function and evolution of teeth</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/developmentfunct00teaf/page/n155">145</a>. <small><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-521-57011-4" title="Especial:FuentesDeLibros/978-0-521-57011-4">978-0-521-57011-4</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AMand%C3%ADbulas+%28zoolog%C3%ADa%29&rft.atitle=Development%2C+function+and+evolution+of+teeth&rft.au=Coates%2C+M.I.&rft.au=Smith%2C+M.M.&rft.aufirst=M.M.&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.btitle=10.+Evolutionary+origins+of+teeth+and+jaws%3A+developmental+models+and+phylogenetic+patterns&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-521-57011-4&rft.pages=145&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdevelopmentfunct00teaf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFBritt28_de_noviembre_de_2006" class="citation web">Britt, Robert Roy (28 de noviembre de 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/1161-prehistoric-fish-powerful-jaws.html">«Prehistoric Fish Had Most Powerful Jaws»</a>. <i>Live Science</i>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AMand%C3%ADbulas+%28zoolog%C3%ADa%29&rft.atitle=Prehistoric+Fish+Had+Most+Powerful+Jaws&rft.au=Britt%2C+Robert+Roy&rft.aufirst=Robert+Roy&rft.aulast=Britt&rft.date=28+de+noviembre+de+2006&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Live+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2F1161-prehistoric-fish-powerful-jaws.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid1202224-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid1202224_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFAllin_EFDecember_1975" class="citation publicación">Allin EF (December 1975). «Evolution of the mammalian middle ear». <i>J. Morphol.</i> <b>147</b> (4): 403-37. <small><a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1202224">1202224</a></small>. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fjmor.1051470404">10.1002/jmor.1051470404</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3AMand%C3%ADbulas+%28zoolog%C3%ADa%29&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+the+mammalian+middle+ear&rft.au=Allin+EF&rft.aulast=Allin+EF&rft.date=December+1975&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=J.+Morphol.&rft.pages=403-37&rft.volume=147&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjmor.1051470404&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1202224&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#eeeeff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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Wikimedia</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180284" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q180284">Q180284</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jaw_bones">Jaw bones</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q180284%22">Q180284</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identificadores</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4030457-7">4030457-7</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_la_Dieta" title="Biblioteca Nacional de la Dieta">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560067">00560067</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="Biblioteca Nacional de la República Checa">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph567293">ph567293</a></span></li> <li><b>Diccionarios y enciclopedias</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Brit%C3%A1nica" title="Enciclopedia Británica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/jaw">url</a></span></li> <li><b>Identificadores médicos</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CIE-11" title="CIE-11">CIE-11</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/809989035">XA88P5</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D007568">D007568</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datos:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180284" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q180284">Q180284</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jaw_bones">Jaw bones</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q180284%22">Q180284</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtenido de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandíbulas_(zoología)&oldid=146642969">https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mandíbulas_(zoología)&oldid=146642969</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categor%C3%ADas" title="Especial:Categorías">Categorías</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Zoolog%C3%ADa" 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