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James Crawford-Smith
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type="image/webp" srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2443826/jc.webp?w=500&h=500&f=378b6739f0cb1763f92e095ca62073cf"><img src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2443826/jc.png?w=500&h=500&f=378b6739f0cb1763f92e095ca62073cf" alt="" width="500" height="500" class="mapping-small" /> </picture></div><div class="info mgl"><p>James Crawford-Smith is a Newsweek Royal Reporter, based in London, U.K. His focus is reporting on the British royal family and royal fashion. He has covered contemporary and historic issues facing King Charles III, Queen Camilla, Prince William, Kate Middleton, Prince Harry, Meghan Markle, the late Queen Elizabeth II and Princess Diana. James joined Newsweek in 2022 having previously contributed to titles such as The Lady, Majesty Magazine and Drapers. He also spent a number of years working with the curatorial department at Historic Royal Palaces, based at Kensington Palace, and contributed to the exhibitions Fashion Rules: Restyled (2016) and Diana: Her Fashion Story (2017). He also undertook private research projects with the Royal Ceremonial Dress Collection. He is a graduate of University College London and Central Saint Martins, where he studied fashion history. Languages: English.</p><p>You can get in touch with James by emailing j.crawfordsmith@newsweek.com.</p></div> </article></div></div></div></div><div id="block-nw-nw-archive" class="block block-nw"><div class="content"><div class="archive"> <header></header></div><div class="feature3"> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2480243/prince-harry-new-york.webp?w=466&h=311&f=74bc4e4ccdefe31c6612a79c579de3f7"><img src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2480243/prince-harry-new-york.png?w=466&h=311&f=74bc4e4ccdefe31c6612a79c579de3f7" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small" loading="lazy" /> </picture> <a href="/prince-harry-cowardly-controversial-project-african-parks-podcast-1959150" class="zero">Prince Harry "cowardly" over controversial project</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/prince-harry-cowardly-controversial-project-african-parks-podcast-1959150">Prince Harry "cowardly" over controversial project</a></h2><div class="summary">Harry's attendance at a New York event held by a charity facing human rights abuse allegations has drawn attention.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/29/24 at 8:00 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2480042/prince-william-prince-harry.webp?w=466&h=311&f=9b9a2be0110ff9a06bf90d2e8eedb2e1"><img src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2480042/prince-william-prince-harry.png?w=466&h=311&f=9b9a2be0110ff9a06bf90d2e8eedb2e1" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small" loading="lazy" /> </picture> <a href="/prince-harry-william-face-similar-pr-problem-podcast-1959074" class="zero">Prince Harry and William face similar PR problem</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/prince-harry-william-face-similar-pr-problem-podcast-1959074">Prince Harry and William face similar PR problem</a></h2><div class="summary">The absence of royal spouses at key events creates a greater challenge to get noticed, Newsweek's "The Royal Report" has heard.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/28/24 at 8:00 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2478162/princess-kate-tiaras.webp?w=466&h=311&f=5ee746a62d7540cae96b4efb98fa035a"><img src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2478162/princess-kate-tiaras.png?w=466&h=311&f=5ee746a62d7540cae96b4efb98fa035a" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small" loading="lazy" /> </picture> <a href="/every-royal-tiara-worn-princess-kate-1957842" class="zero">Every sparkling royal tiara worn by Princess Kate, so far</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/every-royal-tiara-worn-princess-kate-1957842">Every sparkling royal tiara worn by Princess Kate, so far</a></h2><div class="summary">Kate has worn some of the royal family's most treasured heirlooms during her 13-year marriage to Prince William.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/28/24 at 7:00 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2482306/prince-harry-boris-johnson.webp?w=466&h=311&f=528fcf77508c0d41f1c2f1f6270c726c"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2482306/prince-harry-boris-johnson.png?w=466&h=311&f=528fcf77508c0d41f1c2f1f6270c726c" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/secret-bid-stop-prince-harry-quitting-uk-boris-johnson-1960337" class="zero">Secret bid to stop Prince Harry quitting UK revealed</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/secret-bid-stop-prince-harry-quitting-uk-boris-johnson-1960337">Secret bid to stop Prince Harry quitting UK revealed</a></h2><div class="summary">Former British Prime Minister Boris Johnson revealed new details of a meeting with Harry at the time of his royal exit in 2020.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/27/24 at 11:12 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2482111/princess-kate-princess-diana.webp?w=466&h=311&f=72faaff3f8f56aac91ab5b6f0c5d6abe"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2482111/princess-kate-princess-diana.png?w=466&h=311&f=72faaff3f8f56aac91ab5b6f0c5d6abe" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/princess-kate-appearance-touching-link-princess-diana-ballet-1960240" class="zero">Princess Kate's latest outing has touching link to Princess Diana</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/princess-kate-appearance-touching-link-princess-diana-ballet-1960240">Princess Kate's latest outing has touching link to Princess Diana</a></h2><div class="summary">Kate attended a performance of the English National Ballet's 'Giselle' in London on Thursday.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/27/24 at 8:22 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2481981/prince-harry.webp?w=466&h=311&f=29c8139c7a509645c2e507559cb123af"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2481981/prince-harry.png?w=466&h=311&f=29c8139c7a509645c2e507559cb123af" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/prince-harry-f-bomb-curse-late-night-appearance-jimmy-fallon-1960200" class="zero">Prince Harry drops f-bomb in Late Night appearance</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/prince-harry-f-bomb-curse-late-night-appearance-jimmy-fallon-1960200">Prince Harry drops f-bomb in Late Night appearance</a></h2><div class="summary">Harry appeared on "The Tonight Show" with Jimmy Fallon on Thursday in a segment filmed at a horror maze.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/27/24 at 6:41 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2481891/princess-kate-james-middleton.webp?w=466&h=311&f=a25dfebe2e4553e05afc244d59bca6fb"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2481891/princess-kate-james-middleton.png?w=466&h=311&f=a25dfebe2e4553e05afc244d59bca6fb" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/princess-kate-cancer-update-brother-james-middleton-1960183" class="zero">Princess Kate cancer update given by brother</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/princess-kate-cancer-update-brother-james-middleton-1960183">Princess Kate cancer update given by brother</a></h2><div class="summary">"Like anything, it takes time to process," James Middleton has said in a new interview.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/27/24 at 3:45 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2481226/princess-kate-alizee-thevenet.webp?w=466&h=311&f=e7ec82d07d4bac032540ec2bbf6cb2d4"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2481226/princess-kate-alizee-thevenet.png?w=466&h=311&f=e7ec82d07d4bac032540ec2bbf6cb2d4" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/princess-kate-reaction-new-sister-law-revealed-james-middleton-book-1959706" class="zero">Princess Kate's first reaction to new sister-in-law revealed</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/princess-kate-reaction-new-sister-law-revealed-james-middleton-book-1959706">Princess Kate's first reaction to new sister-in-law revealed</a></h2><div class="summary">"I knew my family would make Alizée welcome.... She is not remotely overawed by our royal connection," Kate's brother writes.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/26/24 at 12:11 PM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2481096/prince-harry-piers-morgan.webp?w=466&h=311&f=7e9e6c61bcc9bea8073a62510cb5a46e"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2481096/prince-harry-piers-morgan.png?w=466&h=311&f=7e9e6c61bcc9bea8073a62510cb5a46e" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/prince-harry-called-out-piers-morgan-tech-warning-social-media-1959654" class="zero">Prince Harry called out by Piers Morgan over tech warning</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/prince-harry-called-out-piers-morgan-tech-warning-social-media-1959654">Prince Harry called out by Piers Morgan over tech warning</a></h2><div class="summary">Morgan responded to comments made by Harry in New York this week about the harmful effects of social media.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/26/24 at 8:31 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2478919/queen-elizabeth-ii-james-middleton.webp?w=466&h=311&f=fc807ed6457d3392824a9639b01fdbb9"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2478919/queen-elizabeth-ii-james-middleton.png?w=466&h=311&f=fc807ed6457d3392824a9639b01fdbb9" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/queen-elizabeth-bonded-princess-kate-brother-james-middleton-memoir-1958338" class="zero">How Queen Elizabeth bonded with Princess Kate's brother</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/queen-elizabeth-bonded-princess-kate-brother-james-middleton-memoir-1958338">How Queen Elizabeth bonded with Princess Kate's brother</a></h2><div class="summary">"Everyone knows about her corgis, but few are aware that she also had a line of spaniels," Middleton wrote.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/26/24 at 8:00 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2439947/princess-kate-meghan-markle.webp?w=466&h=311&f=46bd07cd5131e029a679117313e95497"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2439947/princess-kate-meghan-markle.png?w=466&h=311&f=46bd07cd5131e029a679117313e95497" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/princess-kate-family-pain-meghan-markle-crisis-james-middleton-book-1932521" class="zero">Princess Kate's family pain during Meghan Markle crisis</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/princess-kate-family-pain-meghan-markle-crisis-james-middleton-book-1932521">Princess Kate's family pain during Meghan Markle crisis</a></h2><div class="summary">As Meghan was being introduced into the royal family, Princess Kate was facing her own family heartache her brother has revealed.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/26/24 at 7:00 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2480988/princess-kate-james-middleton.webp?w=466&h=311&f=0a87bebbef6e53e5a218acd2e0ccc93f"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2480988/princess-kate-james-middleton.png?w=466&h=311&f=0a87bebbef6e53e5a218acd2e0ccc93f" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/princess-kate-nephew-royal-hand-me-downs-james-middleton-book-1959585" class="zero">Princess Kate gave nephew sweet royal "hand-me-downs"</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/princess-kate-nephew-royal-hand-me-downs-james-middleton-book-1959585">Princess Kate gave nephew sweet royal "hand-me-downs"</a></h2><div class="summary">The Princess of Wales' brother has told of how his son was given suitcases full of clothes by his royal cousins.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/26/24 at 6:31 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2480885/prince-harry-meghan-markle.webp?w=466&h=311&f=2e016cd346681d9a2ffe140c7326d26b"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2480885/prince-harry-meghan-markle.png?w=466&h=311&f=2e016cd346681d9a2ffe140c7326d26b" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/prince-harry-comments-meghan-markle-bully-allegations-spare-1959557" class="zero">What Prince Harry said about Meghan Markle "bully" allegations</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/prince-harry-comments-meghan-markle-bully-allegations-spare-1959557">What Prince Harry said about Meghan Markle "bully" allegations</a></h2><div class="summary">"I was going to have trouble simply shrugging that one off," Harry said of the allegations in his memoir.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/26/24 at 5:05 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2439588/james-middleton-princess-kate.webp?w=466&h=311&f=b37ce60d01bc391759c108ff4fe3aa9b"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2439588/james-middleton-princess-kate.png?w=466&h=311&f=b37ce60d01bc391759c108ff4fe3aa9b" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/princess-kate-dangerous-moment-revealed-brother-james-middleton-book-1932412" class="zero">Princess Kate's dangerous moment revealed by brother: "stranded"</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/princess-kate-dangerous-moment-revealed-brother-james-middleton-book-1932412">Princess Kate's dangerous moment revealed by brother: "stranded"</a></h2><div class="summary">James Middleton has written a memoir, "Meet Ella: The Dog Who Saved My Life", providing insight into the life of Kate's family.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/26/24 at 5:00 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2479948/princess-kate-earthshot-2022.webp?w=466&h=311&f=205eff6bab4c83324f91be7cea347236"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2479948/princess-kate-earthshot-2022.png?w=466&h=311&f=205eff6bab4c83324f91be7cea347236" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/princess-kate-unexpected-fashion-moment-viral-video-1959006" class="zero">Princess Kate's unexpected fashion moment goes viral</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/princess-kate-unexpected-fashion-moment-viral-video-1959006">Princess Kate's unexpected fashion moment goes viral</a></h2><div class="summary">Kate surprised fashion fans on the green carpet of the 2022 Earthshot Prize awards ceremony in Boston.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/25/24 at 6:51 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2479838/king-charles-tom-parker-bowles.webp?w=466&h=311&f=15c167ce2fda9b4aa31aed7fecfe38e2"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2479838/king-charles-tom-parker-bowles.png?w=466&h=311&f=15c167ce2fda9b4aa31aed7fecfe38e2" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/king-charles-cancer-update-stepson-tom-parker-bowles-1958964" class="zero">King Charles cancer update given by stepson</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/king-charles-cancer-update-stepson-tom-parker-bowles-1958964">King Charles cancer update given by stepson</a></h2><div class="summary">Queen Camilla's son, Tom Parker Bowles, discussed the king's cancer in a new interview.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/25/24 at 5:48 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2479173/queen-camilla-queen-elizabeth-ii.webp?w=466&h=311&f=7bce588587ace29a45a3cb335193b4b0"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2479173/queen-camilla-queen-elizabeth-ii.png?w=466&h=311&f=7bce588587ace29a45a3cb335193b4b0" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/competition-meet-queen-camilla-sparks-confusion-jokes-online-1958515" class="zero">Competition to meet 'The Queen' sparks confusion, jokes online</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/competition-meet-queen-camilla-sparks-confusion-jokes-online-1958515">Competition to meet 'The Queen' sparks confusion, jokes online</a></h2><div class="summary">A British writing competition prize to "meet Her Majesty The Queen" has sparked a number of joke responses on social media.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/24/24 at 10:59 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2479066/pippa-matthews-james-middleton-princess-kate.webp?w=466&h=311&f=c2545523f69816992c412ca043dcf966"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2479066/pippa-matthews-james-middleton-princess-kate.png?w=466&h=311&f=c2545523f69816992c412ca043dcf966" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/princess-kate-siblings-everything-pippa-middleton-james-middleton-1958408" class="zero">Princess Kate's siblings: Everything to know</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/princess-kate-siblings-everything-pippa-middleton-james-middleton-1958408">Princess Kate's siblings: Everything to know</a></h2><div class="summary">Kate and her siblings, Pippa Matthews and James Middleton have been subjects of public fascination for over two decades.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/24/24 at 9:54 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2478817/prince-harry-king-charles-iii.webp?w=466&h=311&f=d17da2781b3b5d16f9be7feebaae1b7b"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2478817/prince-harry-king-charles-iii.png?w=466&h=311&f=d17da2781b3b5d16f9be7feebaae1b7b" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/prince-harry-comments-compassion-king-charles-hardest-duty-1958304" class="zero">What Prince Harry said about "compassion" for King Charles' hardest duty</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/prince-harry-comments-compassion-king-charles-hardest-duty-1958304">What Prince Harry said about "compassion" for King Charles' hardest duty</a></h2><div class="summary">The prince said at the time of publishing his memoir that he had "compassion" for Charles at a key moment in his childhood.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/24/24 at 4:31 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2478070/princess-kate-queen-camilla.webp?w=466&h=311&f=16bf279056caa83b689cbc6f69570f5f"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2478070/princess-kate-queen-camilla.png?w=466&h=311&f=16bf279056caa83b689cbc6f69570f5f" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/princess-kate-queen-camilla-unexpected-hobby-swimming-1957795" class="zero">Princess Kate and Queen Camilla share unexpected hobby</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/princess-kate-queen-camilla-unexpected-hobby-swimming-1957795">Princess Kate and Queen Camilla share unexpected hobby</a></h2><div class="summary">"William's like 'Catherine, you're crazy,'" the Princess of Wales said of a hobby she shares with Queen Camilla.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/23/24 at 10:48 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2477905/prince-harry-queen-mathilde-belgium.webp?w=466&h=311&f=3447a7d7a8981a2ec763de5bc96ca174"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2477905/prince-harry-queen-mathilde-belgium.png?w=466&h=311&f=3447a7d7a8981a2ec763de5bc96ca174" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/prince-harry-arrives-new-york-city-diner-european-queen-mathilde-belgium-1957705" class="zero">Prince Harry arrives in New York for dinner with European queen</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/prince-harry-arrives-new-york-city-diner-european-queen-mathilde-belgium-1957705">Prince Harry arrives in New York for dinner with European queen</a></h2><div class="summary">Harry attended a dinner with Queen Mathilde of Belgium on Sunday night as he began a working visit to New York City.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/23/24 at 8:12 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2477812/james-middleton-prince-william-princess-kate.webp?w=466&h=311&f=3c9e4d40bdceb78e3ac4e0985c840a43"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2477812/james-middleton-prince-william-princess-kate.png?w=466&h=311&f=3c9e4d40bdceb78e3ac4e0985c840a43" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/prince-william-protect-princess-kate-family-brother-james-middleton-1957644" class="zero">Prince William tried to "protect" Princess Kate's family, says brother</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/prince-william-protect-princess-kate-family-brother-james-middleton-1957644">Prince William tried to "protect" Princess Kate's family, says brother</a></h2><div class="summary">"William was a fantastic support for us as a family," James Middleton has said of dealing with the media and public interest.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/23/24 at 5:37 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2475147/prince-harry-prince-william-funeral.webp?w=466&h=311&f=1a6c74eb1570c6e8a87291903a8caf4b"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2475147/prince-harry-prince-william-funeral.png?w=466&h=311&f=1a6c74eb1570c6e8a87291903a8caf4b" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/six-times-prince-william-prince-harry-meet-royal-split-1956232" class="zero">Six Times Prince William and Harry came face-to-face after royal split</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/six-times-prince-william-prince-harry-meet-royal-split-1956232">Six Times Prince William and Harry came face-to-face after royal split</a></h2><div class="summary">William and Harry's relationship has increasingly become a topic of public fascination in recent years.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/22/24 at 8:00 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2474303/princess-kate.webp?w=466&h=311&f=9783b881a16e85c2c467da32cf391ba4"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2474303/princess-kate.png?w=466&h=311&f=9783b881a16e85c2c467da32cf391ba4" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/princess-kate-cancer-video-future-proof-1955658" class="zero">Princess Kate's polarizing cancer video is future-proof</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/princess-kate-cancer-video-future-proof-1955658">Princess Kate's polarizing cancer video is future-proof</a></h2><div class="summary">Kate's video included content that is prime for reposting on social media for years to come, "The Royal Report" has heard.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/21/24 at 7:00 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2476875/prince-harry.webp?w=466&h=311&f=49dbd7b5ca05ada2b4b234b3f0a9e42d"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2476875/prince-harry.png?w=466&h=311&f=49dbd7b5ca05ada2b4b234b3f0a9e42d" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/prince-harry-comments-rejoining-monarchy-1956884" class="zero">What Prince Harry said about rejoining the monarchy</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/prince-harry-comments-rejoining-monarchy-1956884">What Prince Harry said about rejoining the monarchy</a></h2><div class="summary">"We always wanted to continue to serve, we just didn't want to be based and living in the U.K. all the time," Harry said in 2023.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/20/24 at 12:40 PM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2476707/queen-camilla-social-media.webp?w=466&h=311&f=772c4cddd2298d4d0b00c30c43ae0fdf"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2476707/queen-camilla-social-media.png?w=466&h=311&f=772c4cddd2298d4d0b00c30c43ae0fdf" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/queen-camilla-tiktok-royal-influencer-booktok-1956799" class="zero">Queen Camilla could become TikTok's first royal influencer</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/queen-camilla-tiktok-royal-influencer-booktok-1956799">Queen Camilla could become TikTok's first royal influencer</a></h2><div class="summary">TikTok could be the "next logical step" in rebranding the monarchy's image, Newsweek has heard.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/20/24 at 10:37 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2476608/princess-kate-james-middleton.webp?w=466&h=311&f=344e70940f2dd3a94b77cc2bfa4c344f"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2476608/princess-kate-james-middleton.png?w=466&h=311&f=344e70940f2dd3a94b77cc2bfa4c344f" alt="" width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize lazyload" /> </picture> <a href="/five-biggest-revelations-princess-kate-brother-james-middleton-memoir-1956759" class="zero">Five biggest revelations from Princess Kate's brother's memoir, so far</a></div><div class="inner"><div class="category"> <a href="/entertainment">Entertainment</a></div><h2 class="h3"><a href="/five-biggest-revelations-princess-kate-brother-james-middleton-memoir-1956759">Five biggest revelations from Princess Kate's brother's memoir, so far</a></h2><div class="summary">From royal wedding nerves to cheeky questions from Princess Charlotte and Prince George, James Middleton has written a deeply personal memoir.</div><div class="byline"> On 9/20/24 at 7:28 AM EDT</div></div> </article> <article class="l3"><div class="image"> <picture width="466" height="311" class="mapping-small lazysize"> <source type="image/webp" data-srcset="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2476514/prince-william-raf.webp?w=466&h=311&f=a38909395083ee37e12c9451d24d050e"><img data-src="https://d.newsweek.com/en/full/2476514/prince-william-raf.png?w=466&h=311&f=a38909395083ee37e12c9451d24d050e" alt="" 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