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<span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Main_roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Main roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manizales_Aerial_Tramway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manizales_Aerial_Tramway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Manizales Aerial Tramway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manizales_Aerial_Tramway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Air transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Arts and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arts and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coffee_International_Beauty_Pageant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coffee_International_Beauty_Pageant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Coffee International Beauty Pageant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coffee_International_Beauty_Pageant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Other events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Attractions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Attractions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Attractions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="مانيزاليس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مانيزاليس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manisales" title="Manisales – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Manisales" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Манисалес – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Манисалес" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales_(munisipyo)" title="Manizales (munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Manizales (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3" title="مانیسالس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مانیسالس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales_(baile)" title="Manizales (baile) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Manizales (baile)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%8B%88%EC%82%B4%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4" title="마니살레스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마니살레스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Манисалес – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Манисалес" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%A1" title="מניסלס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מניסלס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="მანისალესი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მანისალესი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manisalesas" title="Manisalesas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Manisalesas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9" title="マニサレス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マニサレス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales_(Steed)" title="Manizales (Steed) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Manizales (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3" title="منیزالس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="منیزالس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Манисалес – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Манисалес" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Манизалес – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Манизалес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Манисалес – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Манисалес" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Манісалес – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Манісалес" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3" title="مانیسالس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مانیسالس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manisales" title="Manisales – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Manisales" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manizales" title="Manizales – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Manizales" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Manizales&params=5_4_3_N_75_30_36_W_region:CO_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">5°4′3″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°30′36″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5.06750°N 75.51000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">5.06750; -75.51000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality and city in Andean Region, Colombia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Manizales</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Colombia" title="Municipalities of Colombia">Municipality</a> and city</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manizales_Montage_L.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="From top to bottom and from left to right: Manizales from the Cerro de Oro, western side of the Manizales Cathedral and Sanz Building, Yellow Palace of the Government of Caldas, Herveo Tower, Nevado del Ruiz and Manizales Center."><img alt="From top to bottom and from left to right: Manizales from the Cerro de Oro, western side of the Manizales Cathedral and Sanz Building, Yellow Palace of the Government of Caldas, Herveo Tower, Nevado del Ruiz and Manizales Center." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Manizales_Montage_L.jpg/250px-Manizales_Montage_L.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="499" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Manizales_Montage_L.jpg/375px-Manizales_Montage_L.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Manizales_Montage_L.jpg/500px-Manizales_Montage_L.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="2394" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><b>From top to bottom and from left to right:</b> Manizales from the Cerro de Oro, western side of the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Rosary,_Manizales" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Rosary, Manizales">Manizales Cathedral</a> and Sanz Building, Yellow Palace of the Government of Caldas, <a href="/wiki/Torre_de_Herveo" title="Torre de Herveo">Herveo Tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevado_del_Ruiz" title="Nevado del Ruiz">Nevado del Ruiz</a> and Manizales Center.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Manizales.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Manizales"><img alt="Flag of Manizales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Manizales.svg/120px-Flag_of_Manizales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Manizales.svg/250px-Flag_of_Manizales.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Manizales.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Manizales"><img alt="Official seal of Manizales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Coat_of_Arms_of_Manizales.svg/120px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Manizales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Coat_of_Arms_of_Manizales.svg/250px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Manizales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="795" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><i>La ciudad de las puertas abiertas</i> (The city of open doors)<br /> <i>Capital mundial del café</i> (World capital of coffee)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombia_-_Caldas_-_Manizales.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the city and municipality of Manizales in the Department of Caldas"><img alt="Location of the city and municipality of Manizales in the Department of Caldas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Colombia_-_Caldas_-_Manizales.svg/250px-Colombia_-_Caldas_-_Manizales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Colombia_-_Caldas_-_Manizales.svg/375px-Colombia_-_Caldas_-_Manizales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Colombia_-_Caldas_-_Manizales.svg/500px-Colombia_-_Caldas_-_Manizales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1229" data-file-height="930" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of the city and municipality of Manizales in the Department of Caldas</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colombia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Manizales is located in Colombia"><img alt="Manizales is located in Colombia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Colombia_location_map.svg/250px-Colombia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Colombia_location_map.svg/375px-Colombia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Colombia_location_map.svg/500px-Colombia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="579" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:54.363%;left:51.171%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Manizales"><img alt="Manizales" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Manizales</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Colombia</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Manizales&params=5_4_3_N_75_30_36_W_region:CO_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">5°4′3″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°30′36″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5.06750°N 75.51000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">5.06750; -75.51000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Colombia">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andean_Region_(Colombia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andean Region (Colombia)">Andean Region</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Caldas" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Caldas">Caldas</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Foundation</th><td class="infobox-data">October 12, 1849</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Jorge Eduardo Rojas Giraldo</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Colombia" title="Municipalities of Colombia">Municipality</a> and city</div></th><td class="infobox-data">571.84 km<sup>2</sup> (220.79 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">37.43 km<sup>2</sup> (14.45 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,160 m (7,090 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2018<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Colombia" title="Municipalities of Colombia">Municipality</a> and city</div></th><td class="infobox-data">434,403</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">760/km<sup>2</sup> (2,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">405,234</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">11,000/km<sup>2</sup> (28,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">552,155</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Manizaleño/Manizalita</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-05" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-05">UTC-05</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern Time Zone</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">170001-17</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">57 + 6</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manizales.gov.co/">Official website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Manizales</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[maniˈzales]</a></span>) is a city in central <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>. It is the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Caldas_Department" title="Caldas Department">Department of Caldas</a>, and lies near the <a href="/wiki/Nevado_del_Ruiz" title="Nevado del Ruiz">Nevado del Ruiz</a> <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcano</a>. </p><p>Currently, the city is the main center for the production of <a href="/wiki/Colombian_coffee" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian coffee">Colombian coffee</a> and an important hub for higher educational institutions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Manizales was founded on October 12, 1849. The city was founded by a group of twenty <a href="/wiki/Antioquia_Department" title="Antioquia Department">Antioquians</a> (<i>The Expedition of the 20</i>), who came from <a href="/wiki/Neira,_Caldas" title="Neira, Caldas">Neira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salamina,_Caldas" title="Salamina, Caldas">Salamina</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Manizales is the capital city of one of the smallest Colombian departments. The city is described as having an "abrupt <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a>", and lies on the Colombian Central Mountain Range (part of the longest continental mountain range, the <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>), with a great deal of ridgelines and steep slopes, which, combined with the seismic instability of the area, has required architectural adaptations and public works to make the city safer. Even though Manizales has this very difficult topography, there are many coffee plantations in its fertile lands. The city is located in the northern part of the <a href="/wiki/Colombian_Coffee-Growers_Axis" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian Coffee-Growers Axis">Colombian Coffee-Growers Axis</a> ("Eje Cafetero"), near the volcano <a href="/wiki/Nevado_del_Ruiz" title="Nevado del Ruiz">Nevado del Ruiz</a>, which has an altitude of 5,321 meters (17,457.3 ft). </p><p>It is in the basin of the Chinchiná River and sub-basin of the Guacaica River. Its natural threats are earthquakes, mudslides, and volcanic eruptions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, Manizales is <i>Cfb</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Subtropical_highland_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical highland climate">subtropical highland climate</a> but ever moist.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lower elevations approach an <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">equatorial climate</a> (<i>Af</i>) as found in the plains.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite being located in the tropics, the city seldom gets very hot, featuring spring-like temperatures throughout the year owing to its high altitude. There are only two seasons in the city: the wet and dry seasons that alternate throughout the year, with each lasting about three months. Monthly averages are quite uniform. Manizales receives about 1,500 millimetres (59 in) of precipitation a year, with October being wettest. </p> <div style="width:82%;"> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:80%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Manizales (<a href="/wiki/La_Nubia_Airport" title="La Nubia Airport">La Nubia Airport</a>), elevation 2,058 m (6,752 ft), (1981–2010) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0<br />(82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #64FF64; color:#000000;" class="notheme">103.5<br />(4.07) </td> <td style="background: #65FF65; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.0<br />(3.70) </td> <td style="background: #37FF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">133.9<br />(5.27) </td> <td style="background: #00EE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176.2<br />(6.94) </td> <td style="background: #0DFF0D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">161.9<br />(6.37) </td> <td style="background: #57FF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">108.9<br />(4.29) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.2<br />(2.92) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.2<br />(2.92) </td> <td style="background: #27FF27; color:#000000;" class="notheme">139.8<br />(5.50) </td> <td style="background: #00C600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">209.0<br />(8.23) </td> <td style="background: #00EE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176.5<br />(6.95) </td> <td style="background: #3BFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">131.5<br />(5.18) </td> <td style="background: #36FF36; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,583.7<br />(62.35) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #0000D8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">23 </td> <td style="background: #0000D5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">24 </td> <td style="background: #0000FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21 </td> <td style="background: #0000D5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">24 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #0F0FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">229 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">83 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">167.4 </td> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;" class="notheme">138.4 </td> <td style="background: #B8B855; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.0 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">102.0 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">108.5 </td> <td style="background: #B8B855; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.0 </td> <td style="background: #C3C311; color:#000000;" class="notheme">148.8 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">139.5 </td> <td style="background: #B5B566; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.0 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.4 </td> <td style="background: #B6B65D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">117.0 </td> <td style="background: #C0C022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">142.6 </td> <td style="background: #BABA45; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,527.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #C5C502; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #B8B850; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #B0B083; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 </td> <td style="background: #B8B850; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #C0C024; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #B6B661; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 </td> <td style="background: #B0B083; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #B7B758; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB3E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Hydrology,_Meteorology_and_Environmental_Studies_(Colombia)" title="Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (Colombia)">Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales</a><sup id="cite_ref-IDEAM1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDEAM1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IDEAM2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDEAM2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_ruiz_volcano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/El_ruiz_volcano.jpg/250px-El_ruiz_volcano.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/El_ruiz_volcano.jpg/375px-El_ruiz_volcano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/El_ruiz_volcano.jpg/500px-El_ruiz_volcano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Nevado_del_Ruiz" title="Nevado del Ruiz">Nevado del Ruiz</a> of <a href="/wiki/Los_Nevados_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Nevados National Park">Los Nevados National Park</a> seen from the city</figcaption></figure> <p>Its core economy has traditionally been the cultivation and production of <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>. This fomented the creation of new types of employment and several factories, some of which remain in the metropolitan area while others have reduced their operations or moved to other cities aggravating the unemployment problem. These companies manufacture products such as liquor, shoes, rubber, chocolate, banks, detergents and soaps, threshing and packaged coffee, software, and metallurgy, among others. In addition, there are institutions and companies involved in the coffee sector as the Departmental Committee of Coffee Growers of Caldas, Almacafé, Cenicafé, and a number of other industries involved in the process of coffee (threshers, cooperatives, exporters). </p><p>During the latter half of the twentieth century, many universities were founded in the city to the point that some studies regard Manizales as the second largest University city in the country. The universities are attended by students from various regions of the country such as Tolima, Risaralda, Valle, Quindio, Antioquia, Nariño and Huila, among others. </p><p>The service sector has thrived, mostly in the form of call centers, and this has become one of the city's primary economic activities. </p><p>Manizales won first place in the special category of business promotion in the V Iberoamerican Digital Cities Award, organized by the Latin American Association of Research Centers and Telecommunication Enterprises (AHCIET). In a 2010 study conducted by the World Bank, Manizales was ranked as the best and easiest Colombian city to do business. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manizales-street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Manizales-street.jpg/250px-Manizales-street.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Manizales-street.jpg/330px-Manizales-street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Manizales-street.jpg/500px-Manizales-street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Street of Manizales near the major square</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_roads">Main roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Main roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city's mountainous topography causes journeying in an east–west direction and vice versa to be flatter and faster than going north–south or south–north; therefore the main parallel thoroughfares are the Santander, Paralela, and Kevin Ángel, and are arranged longitudinally most of the city's length. The few avenues with a north–south or south–north are the Avenida Centenario and Avenida 12 de Octubre; the former is more important, for it connects downtown with the main transport hub where major access routes merge towards the city. </p> <ul><li><b>Avenida Santander</b> was the first main road of the city, formerly called Cervantes, and remains the most important motorway of the city. Its four lanes travel in the east–west–east direction. This roadway spans the entire Carrera-23 in the downtown area all the way to Calle 71 in the Battalion sector. Surrounding it are some of the most important landmarks of the city such as: <a href="/wiki/Founders_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Founders Theatre">Founders Theatre</a>, Plaza 51, The Triangle, Panorama Towers, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Caldas" title="University of Caldas">University of Caldas</a>, Catholic University, Cervantes Building, Park Antonio Nariño, Instituto Universitario de Caldas, Herbeo Tower, General Cable Plaza and the Zona Rosa.</li> <li><b>Avenida Paralela</b> was the city's second main road. It also has four lanes moving between west and east, and as its name attests, it runs parallel to Avenida Santander. This road spans from downtown to Calle 71 in the Palermo neighborhood. It passes by some iconic places such as San Estéban Cemetery, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Caldas" title="University of Caldas">University of Caldas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palogrande_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palogrande Stadium">Palogrande Stadium</a>.</li> <li><b>Avenida Alberto Mendoza Hoyos</b></li> <li><b>Avenida Kevin Ángel</b></li> <li><b>Avenida Panamericana</b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manizales_Aerial_Tramway">Manizales Aerial Tramway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Manizales Aerial Tramway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Manizales <a href="/wiki/Aerial_tramway" title="Aerial tramway">Aerial Tramway</a> was inaugurated on October 30, 2009. It connects downtown Manizales with the regional bus station, with a length of 2.1 km (1.3 mi). Each gondola has a seating capacity of ten passengers, the whole system can carry 2,100 persons per hour. Owing to its success, the <a href="/wiki/Gondola_lift" title="Gondola lift">gondola lift</a> was extended in 2013, and now connects also the suburb of Villamaria. </p><p>The entire Aerial Tramway was built by the Italian manufacturer Leitner ropeways. Currently it has four stations on its route: Downtown Manizales, La Fuente, Manizales Los Cambulos Bus Terminal, and Villamaria. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_transportation">Air transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Air transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Manizales has a domestic airport called <a href="/wiki/La_Nubia_Airport" title="La Nubia Airport">La Nubia Airport</a> which has a runway of about 1,400 meters and provides services from 6 am to 6 pm. Due to foggy weather conditions, it is often closed due to low visibility. Meanwhile, the existence of buildings over two stories close to the landing head make it topographically unfeasible to expand the airport, which in turn has become an obstacle to regional development;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For these reasons, the International Coffee Airport is being built within the metropolitan area, in the town of <a href="/wiki/Palestina,_Caldas" title="Palestina, Caldas">Palestina</a>, 25 minutes from Manizales. At an altitude of 1,525 m, the airport will have a runway of 2,800 meters which could be extended to 3,500 meters in order to receive long-range aircraft. It is expected that the new airport will function 24/7. It is currently being studied for its adequacy in terms of <a href="/wiki/Ground_motion" title="Ground motion">ground motion</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Arts and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most important cultural events held in the city are the Manizales International Theater Festival,<sup id="cite_ref-urlFestival_de_Manizales_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlFestival_de_Manizales-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is one of the major theater events in Latin America created in 1968 by initiative of Carlos Ariel Betancur, and the Manizales Jazz Festival, which gathers jazz musicians from all over the world; both are held annually. </p><p>The Manizales Fair was created in 1951 on the first centenary of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-urlFeria_de_Manizales_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlFeria_de_Manizales-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It began with bullfights and the typical "Manolas" parade (Spanish procession). Due to its hospitality, more shows and presentations have been brought into the fair, such as the International Coffee Beauty Pageant which together with the bullfighting season are the main events of the fair. Currently the fair includes activities such as horseback riding parades, artisanal fairs, "trova" concerts, other parades, sports, national and international musicians and bands, horse and livestock contests, and cultural shows. It is an important celebration in Colombia, as is the <a href="/wiki/Barranquilla_Carnival" title="Barranquilla Carnival">Barranquilla Carnival</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coffee_International_Beauty_Pageant">Coffee International Beauty Pageant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Coffee International Beauty Pageant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coffee International Beauty Pageant (from Spanish: <i lang="es">Reinado Internacional del Café</i>) is an international beauty pageant held annually in Manizales as part of the <i>Feria de Manizales</i>, a feast promoting the region known for its flagship product, coffee. </p><p>The current winner is <a href="/wiki/Aleksandra_Klepaczka" title="Aleksandra Klepaczka">Aleksandra Klepaczka</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>. </p><p>The international beauty contest originally began in 1957 and was held every two years (1957, 1959, 1961, 1963) under the name of Continental Queen of Coffee. However, to give a wider scope, in 1972 its name was changed to Miss International Queen of Coffee Pageant, thereby increasing the participation of coffee-producing countries from other continents. Manizales is the permanent home since its inception. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_events">Other events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Annual Fair of Manizales (<i>Feria de Manizales</i>) [January]</li> <li>Bullfighting Season of Manizales [January]</li> <li>International Coffee Beauty Pageant [January]</li> <li>Image Festival [April]</li> <li>International Theater Festival [September/October]</li> <li>Manizales Jazz Festival [September/October]</li> <li>Manizales Grita Rock Fest [October]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attractions">Attractions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2007-06-12_catedral_de_manizales-pablo_andres_toro_arias.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/2007-06-12_catedral_de_manizales-pablo_andres_toro_arias.jpg/220px-2007-06-12_catedral_de_manizales-pablo_andres_toro_arias.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="396" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/2007-06-12_catedral_de_manizales-pablo_andres_toro_arias.jpg/330px-2007-06-12_catedral_de_manizales-pablo_andres_toro_arias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/2007-06-12_catedral_de_manizales-pablo_andres_toro_arias.jpg/440px-2007-06-12_catedral_de_manizales-pablo_andres_toro_arias.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2827" data-file-height="5093" /></a><figcaption>The Cathedral of Manizales, a <a href="/wiki/Gothic_Revival_architecture" title="Gothic Revival architecture">neo-Gothic</a> church</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Gold museum of the Banco de la Republica</li> <li>Museum of Natural History Universidad de Caldas</li> <li>Museum of Art Universidad de Caldas</li> <li>Archaeological Museum Universidad de Caldas</li> <li>Botanical Garden Universidad de Caldas</li> <li>Natural Museum of Histories CC</li> <li>Museum of Science and Games Universidad Nacional de Colombia</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Rosary,_Manizales" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Rosary, Manizales">Cathedral of Manizales</a>, the third <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_churches_in_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest churches in the world">tallest in Latin America</a>, at 113 meters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevado_del_Ruiz" title="Nevado del Ruiz">Nevado del Ruiz</a> Natural Park (with caves and snow)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manizales_-_Mariquita_Cableway" title="Manizales - Mariquita Cableway">Manizales - Mariquita Cableway</a></li> <li><i>Thoughts Recinct</i> Park (<i>El Recinto del Pensamiento</i>)</li> <li><i>Los Yarumos</i> Ecological Park</li> <li>Ruiz Hot Springs ("Thermal Waters")</li> <li>Otoño Hot Springs ("Thermal Waters")</li> <li>La Rochela Resort</li> <li>Santagueda Resort</li> <li>Simon Bolivar square</li> <li>Bosque Popular park</li> <li>(Francisco Jose de) Caldas Park</li> <li>Manizales Country Club of Golf</li> <li>Hacienda Venecia - Coffee Plantation tour, accommodation, swimming pool</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Estadio_Palogrande_CRC_-_ESP_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Estadio_Palogrande_CRC_-_ESP_2011.jpg/250px-Estadio_Palogrande_CRC_-_ESP_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Estadio_Palogrande_CRC_-_ESP_2011.jpg/330px-Estadio_Palogrande_CRC_-_ESP_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Estadio_Palogrande_CRC_-_ESP_2011.jpg/500px-Estadio_Palogrande_CRC_-_ESP_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>CRC Palogrande Stadium – ESP 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>Manizales has several sports centers, the main one being in the area of the <a href="/wiki/Palogrande_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palogrande Stadium">Palogrande Stadium</a>. The city has a professional football team, <a href="/wiki/Once_Caldas" title="Once Caldas">Once Caldas</a>, which is housed in the Palogrande Stadium, winner of the prestigious South American <a href="/wiki/Copa_Libertadores_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Copa Libertadores 2004">Copa Libertadores 2004</a>, and 4-time champion of Category First A of <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, ranking eighth in the tournament's history. Manizales has also had two professional basketball teams Caldas Bancafetero Aces and Wise Caldas which were champions of the Colombian Professional Basketball tournament in 1989 and 2000 respectively, both played in the Coliseo Mayor Jorge Arango Uribe. The city also has indoor soccer presence through the futsal cup microfútbol in both male with Real Caldas FS and female with Real Caldas, and the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_Futsal_World_Cup" title="FIFA Futsal World Cup">FIFA Futsal League</a> in Club Deportivo Linear which won the 2011-II championship, all these are played in the Coliseo Menor Vargas Ramón Marín venue. </p><p>Manizales has also been home to sporting events such as the Fourth National Games in 1936, South American Football U-20 in 1987, the <a href="/wiki/Copa_America_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="Copa America 2001">Copa America 2001</a>, the South American U-20 2005 and most importantly <a href="/wiki/World_Cup_2011_U-20" class="mw-redirect" title="World Cup 2011 U-20">World Cup 2011 U-20</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Manizales is an important regional cultural and educational center. It has more universities per capita than any other city in Colombia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The city has a student population of some 30,000 that attend 7 colleges and universities: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Colombia" title="National University of Colombia">Universidad Nacional de Colombia</a></li> <li>Universidad de Manizales</li> <li>Corporación Universitaria Remington</li> <li>Universidad Autónoma de Manizales</li> <li>Universidad Católica de Manizales</li> <li>Universidad Luis Amigó</li> <li>Universidad de Caldas</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_South_America" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in South America">List of twin towns and sister cities in South America</a></div> <p>Manizales is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico"><img alt="Puerto Rico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/40px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/60px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bayam%C3%B3n,_Puerto_Rico" title="Bayamón, Puerto Rico">Bayamón</a>, Puerto Rico<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Benidorm" title="Benidorm">Benidorm</a>, Spain<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland"><img alt="Republic of Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a>, Ireland<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> Miami, United States<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rosario" title="Rosario">Rosario</a>, Argentina<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico"><img alt="Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Potos%C3%AD_City" class="mw-redirect" title="San Luis Potosí City">San Luis Potosí</a>, Mexico<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador"><img alt="El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soyapango" title="Soyapango">Soyapango</a>, El Salvador<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberland" title="Liberland">Liberland</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1999_Armenia_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="1999 Armenia earthquake">1999 Armenia earthquake</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manizales&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.dane.gov.co/files/varios/informacion-capital-DANE-2019.pdf">https://www.dane.gov.co/files/varios/informacion-capital-DANE-2019.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191229221149/https://www.dane.gov.co/files/varios/informacion-capital-DANE-2019.pdf">Archived</a> December 29, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document 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(March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.climate-data.org/south-america/colombia/caldas/manizales-3538/">"Manizales climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Manizales weather averages - Climate-Data.org"</a>. <i>en.climate-data.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240924074311/https://en.climate-data.org/south-america/colombia/caldas/manizales-3538/">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.climate-data.org&rft.atitle=Manizales+climate%3A+Average+Temperature%2C+weather+by+month%2C+Manizales+weather+averages+-+Climate-Data.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.climate-data.org%2Fsouth-america%2Fcolombia%2Fcaldas%2Fmanizales-3538%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManizales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=592499&cityname=Manizales,+Caldas,+Colombia&units=">"Manizales, Colombia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)"</a>. <i>Weatherbase</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240924074201/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=592499&cityname=Manizales,+Caldas,+Colombia&units=">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weatherbase&rft.atitle=Manizales%2C+Colombia+K%C3%B6ppen+Climate+Classification+%28Weatherbase%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weatherbase.com%2Fweather%2Fweather-summary.php3%3Fs%3D592499%26cityname%3DManizales%2C%2BCaldas%2C%2BColombia%26units%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManizales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IDEAM1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IDEAM1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815025712/http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios%2BClimatol%C3%B3gicos%2B%2B1981%2B-%2B2010.xlsx/f28d0b07-1208-4a46-8ccf-bddd70fb4128">"Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010"</a> (in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios+Climatol%C3%B3gicos++1981+-+2010.xlsx/f28d0b07-1208-4a46-8ccf-bddd70fb4128">the original</a> on August 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Promedios+Climatol%C3%B3gicos+1981%E2%80%932010&rft.pub=Instituto+de+Hidrologia+Meteorologia+y+Estudios+Ambientales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ideam.gov.co%2Fdocuments%2F21021%2F553571%2FPromedios%2BClimatol%25C3%25B3gicos%2B%2B1981%2B-%2B2010.xlsx%2Ff28d0b07-1208-4a46-8ccf-bddd70fb4128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManizales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IDEAM2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IDEAM2_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815030409/http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios%2BClimatol%C3%B3gicos%2B%2B1971%2B-%2B2000.xlsx/7358269a-2856-442c-8d41-fe076f0361af">"Promedios Climatológicos 1971–2000"</a> (in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios+Climatol%C3%B3gicos++1971+-+2000.xlsx/7358269a-2856-442c-8d41-fe076f0361af">the original</a> on August 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Promedios+Climatol%C3%B3gicos+1971%E2%80%932000&rft.pub=Instituto+de+Hidrologia+Meteorologia+y+Estudios+Ambientales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ideam.gov.co%2Fdocuments%2F21021%2F553571%2FPromedios%2BClimatol%25C3%25B3gicos%2B%2B1971%2B-%2B2000.xlsx%2F7358269a-2856-442c-8d41-fe076f0361af&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManizales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815030620/http://www.ideam.gov.co/web/tiempo-y-clima/clima">"Tiempo y Clima"</a> (in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ideam.gov.co/web/tiempo-y-clima/clima">the original</a> on August 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tiempo+y+Clima&rft.pub=Instituto+de+Hidrologia+Meteorologia+y+Estudios+Ambientales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ideam.gov.co%2Fweb%2Ftiempo-y-clima%2Fclima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManizales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090620072802/http://www.dnp.gov.co/PortalWeb/Portals/0/archivos/documentos/Subdireccion/Conpes/3270.pdf">"Documento Conpes 3270"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnp.gov.co/PortalWeb/Portals/0/archivos/documentos/Subdireccion/Conpes/3270.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on June 20, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.festivaldemanizales.org">the original</a> on March 1, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Festival+de+Manizales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.festivaldemanizales.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManizales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urlFeria_de_Manizales-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urlFeria_de_Manizales_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.colombia.travel/es/turista-internacional/actividad/historia-y-tradicion/ferias-y-fiestas/enero/feria-de-manizales#">"Feria de Manizales: lo más destacado de la tradición taurina en América en el escenario del café"</a> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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El Tiempo. April 7, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408224143/https://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/benidorm-y-manizales-refuerzan-su-hermandad-75798">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eltiempo.com&rft.atitle=Plaza+de+Benidorm+en+Manizales%2C+escenario+para+estrechar+sus+lazos&rft.date=2017-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eltiempo.com%2Fcolombia%2Fbenidorm-y-manizales-refuerzan-su-hermandad-75798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManizales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bcnoticias.com.co/manizales-firmara-hermanamiento-con-una-ciudad-irlandesa/">"Manizales firmará hermanamiento con una ciudad irlandesa"</a>. <i>bcnoticias.com.co</i> (in Spanish). BC Noticias. October 3, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409221107/https://www.bcnoticias.com.co/manizales-firmara-hermanamiento-con-una-ciudad-irlandesa/">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bcnoticias.com.co&rft.atitle=Manizales+firmar%C3%A1+hermanamiento+con+una+ciudad+irlandesa&rft.date=2019-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcnoticias.com.co%2Fmanizales-firmara-hermanamiento-con-una-ciudad-irlandesa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManizales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eje21.com.co/2014/10/desde-ahora-manizales-y-miami-seran-ciudades-hermanas/">"Desde ahora Manizales y Miami serán ciudades hermanas"</a>. <i>eje21.com.co</i> (in Spanish). EJE21. October 31, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408233415/https://www.eje21.com.co/2014/10/desde-ahora-manizales-y-miami-seran-ciudades-hermanas/">Archived</a> from the original on April 8, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eje21.com.co&rft.atitle=Desde+ahora+Manizales+y+Miami+ser%C3%A1n+ciudades+hermanas&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eje21.com.co%2F2014%2F10%2Fdesde-ahora-manizales-y-miami-seran-ciudades-hermanas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManizales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rosario.gob.ar/inicio/relaciones-con-otras-ciudades">"Relaciones con otras ciudades"</a>. <i>rosario.gob.ar</i> (in Spanish). Rosario. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211215200913/https://www.rosario.gob.ar/inicio/relaciones-con-otras-ciudades">Archived</a> from the original on December 15, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rosario.gob.ar&rft.atitle=Relaciones+con+otras+ciudades&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rosario.gob.ar%2Finicio%2Frelaciones-con-otras-ciudades&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManizales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coordinacionpolitica.sre.gob.mx/index.php/entidades/158-san-luis-potosi">"Acuerdos interinstitucionales registrados por dependencias y municipios de San Luis Potosí"</a>. <i>sre.gob.mx</i> (in Spanish). Secretaría de relaciones exteriores. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220410073850/https://coordinacionpolitica.sre.gob.mx/index.php/entidades/158-san-luis-potosi">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sre.gob.mx&rft.atitle=Acuerdos+interinstitucionales+registrados+por+dependencias+y+municipios+de+San+Luis+Potos%C3%AD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoordinacionpolitica.sre.gob.mx%2Findex.php%2Fentidades%2F158-san-luis-potosi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AManizales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://centrodeinformacion.manizales.gov.co/manizales-y-soyapango-en-el-salvador-firman-acuerdo-de-ciudades-hermanas/">"Manizales y Soyapango en El Salvador, firman acuerdo de ciudades hermanas"</a>. <i>manizales.gov.co</i> (in Spanish). Manizales. September 28, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128033844/https://centrodeinformacion.manizales.gov.co/manizales-y-soyapango-en-el-salvador-firman-acuerdo-de-ciudades-hermanas/">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Manizales#Q235190" class="extiw" title="voy:Manizales">Manizales</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110418024516/http://rnoa.org/sco/aves.php">Birds from Manizales</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnoa.org/sco/aves.php#lista">Checklist of birds from Manizales and surroundings</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Manizales28" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Manizales</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neira,_Caldas" title="Neira, Caldas">Neira</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neira,_Caldas" title="Neira, Caldas">Neira</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anserma,_Caldas" title="Anserma, Caldas">Anserma</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Marulanda,_Caldas" title="Marulanda, Caldas">Marulanda</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Manizales</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Palestina,_Caldas" title="Palestina, Caldas">Palestina</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinchin%C3%A1,_Caldas" title="Chinchiná, Caldas">Chinchiná</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Villamar%C3%ADa,_Caldas" title="Villamaría, Caldas">Villamaría</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Villamar%C3%ADa,_Caldas" title="Villamaría, Caldas">Villamaría</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Caldas_Department226" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Municipalities_Caldas_Department" title="Template:Municipalities Caldas Department"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Municipalities_Caldas_Department" title="Template talk:Municipalities Caldas Department"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities_Caldas_Department" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities Caldas Department"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Caldas_Department226" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_Caldas.svg/22px-Flag_of_Caldas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_Caldas.svg/33px-Flag_of_Caldas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Flag_of_Caldas.svg/43px-Flag_of_Caldas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Caldas_Department" title="Caldas Department">Caldas Department</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capital: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manizales</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caldas_Department#Districts_of_Caldas" title="Caldas Department">Districts<br />and<br />municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Centro_Sur_Subregion" title="Centro Sur Subregion">Central Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manizales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinchin%C3%A1,_Caldas" title="Chinchiná, Caldas">Chinchiná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neira,_Caldas" title="Neira, Caldas">Neira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestina,_Caldas" title="Palestina, Caldas">Palestina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villamar%C3%ADa,_Caldas" title="Villamaría, Caldas">Villamaría</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bajo_Occidente_Subregion" title="Bajo Occidente Subregion">Lower Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anserma,_Caldas" title="Anserma, Caldas">Anserma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belalc%C3%A1zar,_Caldas" title="Belalcázar, Caldas">Belalcázar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risaralda,_Caldas" title="Risaralda, Caldas">Risaralda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9,_Caldas" title="San José, Caldas">San José</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viterbo,_Caldas" title="Viterbo, Caldas">Viterbo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alto_Occidente_Subregion" title="Alto Occidente Subregion">Upper Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sup%C3%ADa,_Caldas" title="Supía, Caldas">Supía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filadelfia,_Caldas" title="Filadelfia, Caldas">Filadelfia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Merced,_Caldas" title="La Merced, Caldas">La Merced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmato,_Caldas" title="Marmato, Caldas">Marmato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riosucio,_Caldas" title="Riosucio, Caldas">Riosucio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Norte_Caldense_Subregion" title="Norte Caldense Subregion">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguadas,_Caldas" title="Aguadas, Caldas">Aguadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranzazu,_Caldas" title="Aranzazu, Caldas">Aranzazu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1cora,_Caldas" title="Pácora, Caldas">Pácora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salamina,_Caldas" title="Salamina, Caldas">Salamina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alto_Oriente_Subregion" title="Alto Oriente Subregion">Upper Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manzanares,_Caldas" title="Manzanares, Caldas">Manzanares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquetalia,_Caldas" title="Marquetalia, Caldas">Marquetalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marulanda,_Caldas" title="Marulanda, Caldas">Marulanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensilvania,_Caldas" title="Pensilvania, Caldas">Pensilvania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magdalena_Caldense_Subregion" title="Magdalena Caldense Subregion">Magdalena Caldense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Dorada,_Caldas" title="La Dorada, Caldas">La Dorada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norcasia,_Caldas" title="Norcasia, Caldas">Norcasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1,_Caldas" title="Samaná, Caldas">Samaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Caldas" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria, Caldas">Victoria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235190#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1178" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235190#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235190#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4298356-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80107168">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13541246c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13541246c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007557231405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/05716dd8-55bc-47c9-b897-eac11c4311e0">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/050720996">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manizales&oldid=1268029658">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manizales&oldid=1268029658</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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