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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>State laws</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-State_laws-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle State laws subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-State_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alaska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alaska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Alaska</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alaska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arizona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arizona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Arizona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arizona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-California" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#California"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>California</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-California-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colorado" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colorado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Colorado</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colorado-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minnesota" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minnesota"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Minnesota</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minnesota-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missouri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missouri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Missouri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missouri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Montana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Montana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nebraska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nebraska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Nebraska</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nebraska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nevada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nevada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Nevada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nevada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>New Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oklahoma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oklahoma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Oklahoma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oklahoma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Dakota" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Dakota"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>South Dakota</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Dakota-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Texas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Texas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Texas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Texas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tribal_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tribal_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tribal laws</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tribal_laws-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tribal laws subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tribal_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cherokee_Nation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cherokee_Nation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cherokee Nation</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Poarch Band of Creek Indians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poarch_Band_of_Creek_Indians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Indian arts and crafts laws</b> are federal, state, and tribal truth-in-advertising laws in the United States that prohibit misrepresentation in marketing of <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> arts and crafts products. The federal <a href="/wiki/Indian_Arts_and_Crafts_Act_of_1990" title="Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990">Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990</a> (IACA) defines an American Indian as a member of a <a href="/wiki/Federally_recognized_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Federally recognized tribe">federally</a> or <a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">state-recognized</a> tribe, while state and tribal Indian arts and crafts laws typically restrict the definition of an American Indian to citizens of federally recognized tribes only. At least 13 states and 4 federally recognized American Indian tribes have passed Indian arts and crafts laws. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_law">Federal law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Federal law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INDIAN_ARTS_AND_CRAFTS_(IA_gov.gpo.fdsys.CHRG-106shrg64725).pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/INDIAN_ARTS_AND_CRAFTS_%28IA_gov.gpo.fdsys.CHRG-106shrg64725%29.pdf/page1-220px-INDIAN_ARTS_AND_CRAFTS_%28IA_gov.gpo.fdsys.CHRG-106shrg64725%29.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/INDIAN_ARTS_AND_CRAFTS_%28IA_gov.gpo.fdsys.CHRG-106shrg64725%29.pdf/page1-330px-INDIAN_ARTS_AND_CRAFTS_%28IA_gov.gpo.fdsys.CHRG-106shrg64725%29.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/INDIAN_ARTS_AND_CRAFTS_%28IA_gov.gpo.fdsys.CHRG-106shrg64725%29.pdf/page1-440px-INDIAN_ARTS_AND_CRAFTS_%28IA_gov.gpo.fdsys.CHRG-106shrg64725%29.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption>Hearing about Public Law 101-644 to expand the powers of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Arts_and_Crafts_Board" title="Indian Arts and Crafts Board">Indian Arts and Crafts Board</a>, 2000</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Arts_and_Crafts_Act_of_1990" title="Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990">Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990</a></div> <p>In 1935, the U.S. federal government passed the Indian Arts and Crafts Act which established the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Arts_and_Crafts_Board" title="Indian Arts and Crafts Board">Indian Arts and Crafts Board</a> but also addressed the problem of counterfeit <a href="/wiki/Native_American_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American art">Native American arts</a> and crafts.<sup id="cite_ref-iaca1935_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaca1935-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law gave penalties of $2,000 (approximately $45,783 in 2024 dollars<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and/or six months in prison for selling any goods as "Indian products or Indian products of a particular Indian tribe or group, resident within the United States or the Territory of Alaska" which were not made by American Indians.<sup id="cite_ref-iaca1935_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaca1935-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This penalty was a misdemeanor.<sup id="cite_ref-iaca1935_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaca1935-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to increasing <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_identity_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous identity fraud">Indigenous identity fraud</a> in the 1970s and 1980s, Native American activists, including the Native American Artists Association cofounded by <a href="/wiki/David_Bradley_(Native_American_artist)" title="David Bradley (Native American artist)">David Bradley</a> (<a href="/wiki/White_Earth_Ojibwe" class="mw-redirect" title="White Earth Ojibwe">White Earth Ojibwe</a>), <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Pratt" title="Harvey Pratt">Harvey Pratt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cheyenne-Arapaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheyenne-Arapaho">Cheyenne-Arapaho</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-2017hearing_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2017hearing-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sharron_Ahtone_Harjo" title="Sharron Ahtone Harjo">Sharron Ahtone Harjo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kiowa" title="Kiowa">Kiowa</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-medley_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Stroud" title="Virginia Stroud">Virginia Stroud</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Keetoowah_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="United Keetoowah Band">United Keetoowah Band</a>/<a href="/wiki/Muscogee" title="Muscogee">Muscogee</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-medley_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others fought for stiffer penalties.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Arts_and_Crafts_Act_of_1990" title="Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990">Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990</a> (IACA), which made fraudulently selling work as American Indian–made, Native American–made, or created by a specific tribe a felony.<sup id="cite_ref-iaca1990_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaca1990-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Penalties for violating this law can result in fines up to $250,000 and/or prison terms up to five years.<sup id="cite_ref-iaca1990_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaca1990-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Testifying before congress about the need for IACA enforcement, Harvey Pratt stated: "When Indian artists are undercut by the sale of fake Indian art, the integrity of authentic Indian art and artists suffer. We're also being robbed economically, culturally, and spiritually."<sup id="cite_ref-2017hearing_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2017hearing-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_laws">State laws</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: State laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws_by_state.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws_by_state.svg/220px-Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws_by_state.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws_by_state.svg/330px-Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws_by_state.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws_by_state.svg/440px-Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws_by_state.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#008000; color:white;"> </span> States with active laws.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e41a1c; color:white;"> </span> Law struck down in court.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#bbbbbb; color:black;"> </span> No law or unknown.</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Many states within the United States have passed American Indian arts and crafts laws, including Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alaska">Alaska</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Alaska"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Alaska Statutes defines an <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> as "a state resident and who is an enrolled member of an Alaska tribe" and defines "authentic Alaska Native art" as works that are crafted or created within the state of Alaska by a citizen of an <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native tribe">Alaska Native tribe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arizona">Arizona</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Arizona"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arizona Revised Statutes Article 2.1 is titled "Fraudulent Practices in the Sale of Indian Arts and Crafts".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law defines an "Indian" as a citizen or a descendant of a federally recognized American Indian tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="California">California</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: California"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>California's Indian arts and crafts law was passed in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colorado">Colorado</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Colorado"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chapter 15 of Title 6 of the Colorado Revised Statutes stipulated that "Authentic Indian arts and crafts" are "any product that is handcrafted by Indian labor or workmanship." The law defines an "Indian" as a citizen or descendant of a <a href="/wiki/Federally_recognized" class="mw-redirect" title="Federally recognized">federally recognized</a> American Indian tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minnesota">Minnesota</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Minnesota"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Minnesota state law requires imitation Indian-style products to be listed as "not Indian-made". The law defines an Indian as "those made exclusively by persons who are of at least one-quarter Indian blood or who are listed on the rolls of the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs as Indians".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missouri">Missouri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Missouri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chapter 407 of the Missouri Title XXVI Trade and Commerce statute addresses penalties for the misleading sale of any work advertised as being "American Indian art or craft" that is not made by an "American Indian."<sup id="cite_ref-missouri_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-missouri-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>American Indian</i> is defined as "a person who is a citizen or enrolled member of an American Indian tribe." The law defines <i>American Indian tribe</i> as "any Indian tribe federally recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>". The penalties are between $25 to $200 and/or imprisonment from 30 to 90 days.<sup id="cite_ref-missouri_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-missouri-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Montana">Montana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Montana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Part 6 of the Montana Consumer Protection Act is titled "Sale of Imitation Indian Articles". The law defines an American Indian as an enrolled citizen of a federally recognized tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nebraska">Nebraska</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Nebraska"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>'s American Indian Arts and Crafts Sales Act protects "American Indian craftpersons from false representation in the offerinq for sale, sale, trade, or purchase of authentic American Indian arts and crafts and natural and unnatural turquoise." The act defines an American Indian as any person who is of "at least one-quarter American Indian blood who is enrolled or is a lineal descendant" of a federally recognized American Indian tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nevada">Nevada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Nevada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Nevada Revised Statutes prohibits the sale of "Imitation Indian arts or crafts articles" unless they are clearly labelled as imitations. The law defines an Indian as a citizen or descendant of a federally recognized American Indian tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Mexico">New Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: New Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>First passed in 1929, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>'s Indian Arts and Crafts Sales Act or "IACSA" (NMSA 1978, § 30-33-1 to 30-33-11) states that it is "unlawful to barter, trade, sell or offer for sale or trade any article represented as produced by an Indian unless the article is produced, designed or created by the labor or workmanship of an Indian."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Oklahoma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> first passed an Indian arts and crafts law in 1974. The law required artists to be citizens of a federally recognized American Indian tribe in order to market their works as Indian-made. The law was struck down by a federal judge in 2019, who ruled that the law was unconstitutional.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Dakota">South Dakota</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: South Dakota"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Codified Laws of <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a> state that an "Indian" is a citizen or a descendant of a federally recognized American Indian tribe and that it "is a Class 2 misdemeanor for any person to distribute, sell, or offer for sale any article of American Indian art or craft unless the article is clearly and legibly labeled or branded as to place of manufacture."<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Texas">Texas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Texas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Texas Sale of Indian Articles Act</i> (Tex. Bus. & Com. Code Ann. §§ 17.851 - 17.854) states that an American Indian is defined as a citizen of a federally recognized American Indian tribe or a member of a state-recognized tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there are no state-recognized tribes in Texas, nor does Texas have a process for state recognition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tribal_laws">Tribal laws</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Tribal laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Four federally recognized American Indian tribes reference the IACA in their tribal law codes, including the <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee Nation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Coquille_Indian_Tribe" title="Coquille Indian Tribe">Coquille Indian Tribe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians" title="Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians">Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Poarch_Band_of_Creek_Indians" title="Poarch Band of Creek Indians">Poarch Band of Creek Indians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cherokee_Nation">Cherokee Nation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cherokee Nation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation_Truth_in_Advertising_for_Native_Art" title="Cherokee Nation Truth in Advertising for Native Art">Cherokee Nation Truth in Advertising for Native Art</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coquille_Indian_Tribe">Coquille Indian Tribe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Coquille Indian Tribe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Coquille_Indian_Tribe" title="Coquille Indian Tribe">Coquille Indian Tribe</a>'s <i>Coquille Crafted Ordinance</i> defines "Coquille Made" as referring to items made by enrolled citizens of the tribe.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians">Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians" title="Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians">Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians</a>' Tribal Business Preference Law authorizes the Tribal Employment Rights Office (TERO) to certify craft and artisan vendors.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The laws defines a <i>craft vendor</i> as an "Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians enrolled member that provides handmade crafts for profit" and a <i>Cherokee stone mason</i> as an EBCI citizen who "provides culturally significant Cherokee stone masonry".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poarch_Band_of_Creek_Indians">Poarch Band of Creek Indians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Poarch Band of Creek Indians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Poarch_Band_of_Creek_Indians" title="Poarch Band of Creek Indians">Poarch Band of Creek Indians</a> has a Tribal Member Indian Artist Certification which certifies tribal citizens as artisans for the purposes of the federal Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990. Artisan applicants must submit proof of their tribal citizenship by submitting a <i>Verification of Tribal Membership letter</i> from the Poarch Creek Tribal Enrollment Office or a copy of their tribal ID card.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_intellectual_property" title="Indigenous intellectual property">Indigenous intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_American_artists" title="List of Native American artists">List of Native American artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretendian" title="Pretendian">Pretendian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_arts_and_crafts_laws&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-iaca1935-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iaca1935_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaca1935_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaca1935_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.gov/iacb/indian-arts-and-crafts-act-1935">"Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1935"</a>. <i>U.S. Department of the Interior</i>. 4 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+the+Interior&rft.atitle=Indian+Arts+and+Crafts+Act+of+1935&rft.date=2015-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doi.gov%2Fiacb%2Findian-arts-and-crafts-act-1935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+arts+and+crafts+laws" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amortization.org/inflation/amount.php?year=1935&amount=2000">"What is $2,000 in 1935 worth in 2024?"</a>. <i>Amortization.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oklahoman&rft.atitle=New+Indian+Art+Law+Divisive+for+Household&rft.date=1991-01-04&rft.aulast=Medley&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oklahoman.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F1991%2F01%2F04%2Fnew-indian-art-law-divisive-for-household%2F62541010007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+arts+and+crafts+laws" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artandobject.com/news/david-bradley-visions-native-american-life-pop">"David Bradley: Visions of Native American Life that Pop"</a>. 5 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=David+Bradley%3A+Visions+of+Native+American+Life+that+Pop&rft.date=2019-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artandobject.com%2Fnews%2Fdavid-bradley-visions-native-american-life-pop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+arts+and+crafts+laws" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iaca1990-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iaca1990_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaca1990_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/101/hr2006">"H.R. 2006 (101st): Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990"</a>. <i>govtrack.us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=govtrack.us&rft.atitle=H.R.+2006+%28101st%29%3A+Indian+Arts+and+Crafts+Act+of+1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.govtrack.us%2Fcongress%2Fbills%2F101%2Fhr2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+arts+and+crafts+laws" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gao.gov/assets/gao-11-432.pdf">"Indian Arts and Crafts"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alaska+Statutes+2023&rft.pub=Alaska+State+Legislature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.akleg.gov%2Fbasis%2Fstatutes.asp%2345.65.070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+arts+and+crafts+laws" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.azleg.gov/arsDetail/?title=44">"Fraudulent Practices in the Sale of Indian Arts and Crafts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arizona_State_Legislature" title="Arizona State Legislature">Arizona State Legislature</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fraudulent+Practices+in+the+Sale+of+Indian+Arts+and+Crafts&rft.pub=Arizona+State+Legislature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.azleg.gov%2FarsDetail%2F%3Ftitle%3D44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+arts+and+crafts+laws" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.azleg.gov/viewdocument/?docName=https://www.azleg.gov/ars/44/01231.htm">"44-1231"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Arizona Legislature">Arizona Legislature</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=44-1231.&rft.pub=Arizona+Legislature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.azleg.gov%2Fviewdocument%2F%3FdocName%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.azleg.gov%2Fars%2F44%2F01231.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+arts+and+crafts+laws" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=BPC&sectionNum=17569.">"ARTICLE 4. American Indian-Made Articles [17569 - 17569.9] ( Article 4 added by Stats. 1965, Ch. 996. )"</a>. <a href="/wiki/California_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="California Legislature">California Legislature</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ARTICLE+4.+American+Indian-Made+Articles+%5B17569+-+17569.9%5D+%28+Article+4+added+by+Stats.+1965%2C+Ch.+996.+%29&rft.pub=California+Legislature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fleginfo.legislature.ca.gov%2Ffaces%2Fcodes_displaySection.xhtml%3FlawCode%3DBPC%26sectionNum%3D17569.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+arts+and+crafts+laws" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2023-title-06.pdf">"Colorado Revised Statutes 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorado Legislature">Colorado Legislature</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colorado+Revised+Statutes+2023&rft.pub=Colorado+Legislature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fleg.colorado.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fimages%2Folls%2Fcrs2023-title-06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+arts+and+crafts+laws" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/325F.43">"2023 Minnesota Statutes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Legislature" title="Minnesota Legislature">Minnesota Legislature</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2023+Minnesota+Statutes&rft.pub=Minnesota+Legislature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.revisor.mn.gov%2Fstatutes%2Fcite%2F325F.43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+arts+and+crafts+laws" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-missouri-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-missouri_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-missouri_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=407.315">"407.315. American Indian art or craft, no sale unless authentic — penalty"</a>. <i>Revisor of Missouri</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Revisor+of+Missouri&rft.atitle=407.315.+American+Indian+art+or+craft%2C+no+sale+unless+authentic+%E2%80%94+penalty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frevisor.mo.gov%2Fmain%2FOneSection.aspx%3Fsection%3D407.315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+arts+and+crafts+laws" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0300/chapter_0140/part_0060/sections_index.html">"Montana Code Annotated 2023"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Montana_Legislature" title="Montana Legislature">Montana Legislature</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_civil_rights" title="Native American civil rights">Rights</a> of <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Case law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Johnson_v._McIntosh" title="Johnson v. McIntosh">Johnson v. McIntosh</a></i> (1823)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation_v._Georgia" title="Cherokee Nation v. Georgia">Cherokee Nation v. Georgia</a></i> (1831)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Worcester_v._Georgia" title="Worcester v. Georgia">Worcester v. Georgia</a></i> (1832)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fellows_v._Blacksmith" title="Fellows v. Blacksmith">Fellows v. Blacksmith</a></i> (1857)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_York_ex_rel._Cutler_v._Dibble" title="New York ex rel. Cutler v. Dibble">New York ex rel. Cutler v. Dibble</a></i> (1858)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Standing_Bear_v._Crook" class="mw-redirect" title="Standing Bear v. Crook">Standing Bear v. Crook</a></i> (D. Neb. 1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ex_parte_Crow_Dog" title="Ex parte Crow Dog">Ex parte Crow Dog</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elk_v._Wilkins" title="Elk v. Wilkins">Elk v. Wilkins</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seneca_Nation_of_Indians_v._Christy" title="Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy">Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Talton_v._Mayes" title="Talton v. Mayes">Talton v. Mayes</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lone_Wolf_v._Hitchcock" title="Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock">Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Santa_Fe_Pacific_Railroad_Co." title="United States v. Santa Fe Pacific Railroad Co.">United States v. Santa Fe Pacific Railroad Co.</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tee-Hit-Ton_Indians_v._United_States" title="Tee-Hit-Ton Indians v. United States">Tee-Hit-Ton Indians v. United States</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Williams_v._Lee" title="Williams v. Lee">Williams v. Lee</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Federal_Power_Commission_v._Tuscarora_Indian_Nation" title="Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation">Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Menominee_Tribe_v._United_States" title="Menominee Tribe v. United States">Menominee Tribe v. United States</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/McClanahan_v._Arizona_State_Tax_Commission" title="McClanahan v. Arizona State Tax Commission">McClanahan v. Arizona State Tax Commission</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oneida_Indian_Nation_of_New_York_v._County_of_Oneida" title="Oneida Indian Nation of New York v. County of Oneida">Oneida Indian Nation of New York v. County of Oneida</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bryan_v._Itasca_County" title="Bryan v. Itasca County">Bryan v. Itasca County</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Antelope" title="United States v. Antelope">United States v. Antelope</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Pueblo_v._Martinez" title="Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez">Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Merrion_v._Jicarilla_Apache_Tribe" title="Merrion v. Jicarilla Apache Tribe">Merrion v. Jicarilla Apache Tribe</a></i> (1982)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solem_v._Bartlett" title="Solem v. Bartlett">Solem v. Bartlett</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/County_of_Oneida_v._Oneida_Indian_Nation_of_New_York_State" title="County of Oneida v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York State">County of Oneida v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York State</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_v._Catawba_Indian_Tribe,_Inc." title="South Carolina v. Catawba Indian Tribe, Inc.">South Carolina v. Catawba Indian Tribe, Inc.</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hodel_v._Irving" title="Hodel v. Irving">Hodel v. Irving</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Band_of_Choctaw_Indians_v._Holyfield" title="Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians v. Holyfield">Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians v. Holyfield</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duro_v._Reina" title="Duro v. Reina">Duro v. Reina</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_v._Bourland" title="South Dakota v. Bourland">South Dakota v. Bourland</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Idaho_v._Coeur_d%27Alene_Tribe_of_Idaho" title="Idaho v. Coeur d'Alene Tribe of Idaho">Idaho v. Coeur d'Alene Tribe of Idaho</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Idaho_v._United_States" title="Idaho v. United States">Idaho v. United States</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Lara" title="United States v. Lara">United States v. Lara</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_of_Sherrill_v._Oneida_Indian_Nation_of_New_York" title="City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York">City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cobell_v._Salazar" title="Cobell v. Salazar">Cobell v. Salazar</a></i> (D.C. Cir. 2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adoptive_Couple_v._Baby_Girl" title="Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl">Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharp_v._Murphy" title="Sharp v. Murphy">Sharp v. Murphy</a> </i>and<i> <a href="/wiki/McGirt_v._Oklahoma" title="McGirt v. Oklahoma">McGirt v. Oklahoma</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_v._Castro-Huerta" title="Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta">Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_involving_Indian_tribes" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases involving Indian tribes">List of United States Supreme Court cases involving Indian tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum laws</a> (1705 onwards)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonintercourse_Act" title="Nonintercourse Act">Nonintercourse Act</a> (1790,1793,1796,1799,1802,1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilization_Fund_Act" title="Civilization Fund Act">Civilization Act</a> (1819)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Removal_Act" title="Indian Removal Act">Indian Removal Act</a> (1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawes_Act" title="Dawes Act">Dawes Act</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Act_of_1898" title="Curtis Act of 1898">Curtis Act</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burke_Act" title="Burke Act">Burke Act</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Citizenship_Act" title="Indian Citizenship Act">Indian Citizenship Act</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Reorganization_Act" title="Indian Reorganization Act">Indian Reorganization Act</a> (1934)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian arts and crafts laws</a> (1935–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Indian_Welfare_Act" title="Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act">Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_Act_of_1940" title="Nationality Act of 1940">Nationality Act</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Law_280" title="Public Law 280">Public Law 280</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Relocation_Act_of_1956" title="Indian Relocation Act of 1956">Indian Relocation Act</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">Indian Civil Rights Act</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_Claims_Settlement_Act" title="Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act">Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Self-Determination_and_Education_Assistance_Act_of_1975" title="Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975">Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Religious_Freedom_Act" title="American Indian Religious Freedom Act">American Indian Religious Freedom Act</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Child_Welfare_Act" title="Indian Child Welfare Act">Indian Child Welfare Act</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diminishment" title="Diminishment">Diminishment</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Gaming_Regulatory_Act" title="Indian Gaming Regulatory Act">Indian Gaming Regulatory Act</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Languages_Act_of_1990" title="Native American Languages Act of 1990">Native American Languages Act</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Graves_Protection_and_Repatriation_Act" title="Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act">Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Arts_and_Crafts_Act_of_1990" title="Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990">Indian Arts and Crafts Act</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation_Truth_in_Advertising_for_Native_Art" title="Cherokee Nation Truth in Advertising for Native Art">Cherokee Nation Truth in Advertising for Native Art</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_recognition_in_the_United_States" title="Native American recognition in the United States">Federal</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">State recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_recognition_of_Native_Hawaiians" title="United States federal recognition of Native Hawaiians">Federal recognition of Native Hawaiians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_Hawaii" title="Legal status of Hawaii">Legal status of Hawaii</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes_in_the_contiguous_United_States" title="List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States">Federally recognized tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">State recognized tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F0E68C;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_title_in_the_United_States" title="Aboriginal title in the United States">Aboriginal title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Commission" title="Cherokee Commission">Cherokee Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawes_Rolls" title="Dawes Rolls">Dawes Rolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples">Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_feather_law" title="Eagle feather law">Eagle feather law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagle-bone_whistle" title="Eagle-bone whistle">Eagle-bone whistle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_license" title="Hunting license">Hunting license</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Courts_of_the_Conqueror" title="In the Courts of the Conqueror">In the Courts of the Conqueror</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Walk_of_the_Navajo" title="Long Walk of the Navajo">Long Walk of the Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indian_Gaming_Commission" title="National Indian Gaming Commission">National Indian Gaming Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_civil_rights" title="Native American civil rights">Native American civil rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_gaming" title="Native American gaming">Native American gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Rights_Fund" title="Native American Rights Fund">Native American Rights Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recognition_of_Native_American_sacred_sites_in_the_United_States" title="Recognition of Native American sacred sites in the United States">Recognition of sacred sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminole_Wars" title="Seminole Wars">Seminole Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survivance" title="Survivance">Survivance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_of_Tears" title="Trail of Tears">Trail of Tears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_rights" title="Treaty rights">Treaty rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Tribal sovereignty in the United States">Tribal sovereignty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_self-determination" title="Native American self-determination">Self-determination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Special_Committee_on_Conditions_of_Indian_Tribes" title="United States Congressional Joint Special Committee on Conditions of Indian Tribes">United States Congressional Joint Special Committee on Conditions of Indian Tribes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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