CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="/Magazine/core.css?p=7513768097380831"> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="/Magazine/core.js?p=7513768097380831"> <link rel="preload" as="image" href="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/3/9/1/106391_787debutcboeing_77603.jpg" imagesrcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/3/9/1/106391_787debutcboeing_77603.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x147/3/9/1/106391_787debutcboeing_77603.jpg 220w" imagesizes="(max-width: 1179px) 100px, 220px" />  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PQRKBK3');</script>  <title>FlightGlobal | Safety</title> <meta name="description" content="Aviation news covering airlines, aerospace, air transport, defence, safety and business aviation by global regions" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name="momentnowdate" content="2024-11-24 11:42:52.992"/> <meta name="momentlocale" content="en-gb"/> <meta name="momentlocaleformat" content="D MMM YYYY"/> <meta name="momentrelative" content="false"/> <meta name="momentrelativeformat" content="YYYY,MM,DD"/> <meta name="momentrelativemorethan" content="10"/> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive" /> <meta name="blockthis" content="blockGA" /> <meta name="showwallpaper" content="true" /> <meta name="navcode" content="47" /> <meta name="primarynavigation" content="Safety,News" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/safety" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Flight Global" /> <meta property="og:title" content="FlightGlobal | Safety"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Aviation news covering airlines, aerospace, air transport, defence, safety and business aviation by global regions" /> <meta property="twitter:title" content="FlightGlobal | Safety"/> <meta property="twitter:description" content="Aviation news covering airlines, aerospace, air transport, defence, safety and business aviation by global regions"/> <meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1024" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="536" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/1024x536/P/web/2018/09/air-niugini-crash-at-chuuk-airport_74870.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Air Niugini crash at Chuuk airport" /> <meta property="twitter:image:src" content="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/1024x536/P/web/2018/09/air-niugini-crash-at-chuuk-airport_74870.jpg" /> <meta property="twitter:image:alt" content="Air Niugini crash at Chuuk airport" /> <link rel="icon" href="/magazine/dest/graphics/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" />  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/magazine/dest/graphics/favicons/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/magazine/dest/graphics/favicons/mstile-144x144.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff" /> <link href="/Magazine/core.css?p=7513768097380831" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> <link href="/Magazine/print.css?p=7513768097380831" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print"> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha256-CSXorXvZcTkaix6Yvo6HppcZGetbYMGWSFlBw8HfCJo=" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script> <script>var newLang={"more":{"default":"Show more","searchtype":"Show more","searchdates":"Show more"},"less":{"default":"Show fewer","searchtype":"Show fewer","searchdates":"Show fewer"},"show":{"default":"show"},"hide":{"default":"hide"},"caption":{"show":"show caption","hide":"hide caption"},"carousel":{"play":"play slideshow","pause":"pause slideshow"}};</script> <script type="text/javascript"> var IPState = { useripstate: false, useripname: '' }; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({'StoryID':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryFormatProperty':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryCategories':'null'}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryLayout':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryWidth':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryLayoutCode':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryFormatCode':'null'}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryTypeCode':'null'}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryCategoriesCodes':'null'}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryFullNavPath':'null'}); window.dataLayer.push({'UserID':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'NavCode':'47'}); window.dataLayer.push({'MicrositeNavCode':'-1'}); window.dataLayer.push({'NavKey':'47'}); window.dataLayer.push({'NavigationAreaNavCode':'31'}); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //dataLayer array declaration window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({'grecaptcha':'6LdF8vonAAAAAD7o_GFdZx7ScY1_ggHdHUmijbXX'}); window.dataLayer.push({'LoggedIn':'False'}); window.dataLayer.push({'AccessStatus':'Granted'}); window.dataLayer.push({'AccessDeniedStoryID':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'AccessDeniedTitle':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Template':'SPIN_RHC'}); window.dataLayer.push({'Pubcode':'2'}); window.dataLayer.push({'PublicationName':'Flight Global'}); window.dataLayer.push({'Title':'FlightGlobal | Safety'}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryAccessControl':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryFormat':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'StoryType':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Headline':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'LongHeadline':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Intro':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Catchline':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Synopsis':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Standfirst':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Answer':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Source':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Refs':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Class':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Credits':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Postscript':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'PrimaryNav':'|Main Navigation|News|Safety|'}); window.dataLayer.push({'PrimaryNavCurrent':'Safety'}); window.dataLayer.push({'PrimaryNavCode':'|1|31|47|'}); window.dataLayer.push({'PrimaryNavCodeCurrent':'47'}); window.dataLayer.push({'FullNavPath':'|1|31|47|'}); window.dataLayer.push({'CategoryCodes':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Tags':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'Bylines':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'IssueDate':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'IssueDateTime':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'PublishDate':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'PublishDateTime':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'BrowseJobsURL':undefined}); window.dataLayer.push({'UserStateLoggedIn':'False'}); window.dataLayer.push({'FullNavPath':'|1|31|47|'}); </script> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Hind:400,600' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fancybox/3.4.1/jquery.fancybox.min.css" />  <style> .newsletterSignup-widget{ background: #002a63; } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-widget-details .newsletterSignup-widget-form-content .newsletterSignup-widget-form-response { background:#18afe5; color:#002a63; } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-widget-details .newsletterSignup-widget-tag:before { filter: invert(1); } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-widget-details .newsletterSignup-widget-form-content form .newsletterSignup-widget-form .field .innerSleeve input{ border: 1px solid #FFF; height: 40px; } .newsletterSignup-widget a:link, .newsletterSignup-widget a:visited { color:#FFF; } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-widget-details .newsletterSignup-widget-tag{ color:#FFF; } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-widget-details .newsletterSignup-widget-tag:before rect{ fill: #FFF; } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-widget-details .newsletterSignup-widget-info h2 { color:#FFF; } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-widget-details .newsletterSignup-widget-info p { color:#FFF; } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-privacy p{ color:#CCC; } .newsletterSignup-widget .newsletterSignup-widget-content .newsletterSignup-widget-details { border-left: 6px solid #1cafe5; } </style> <style> .grecaptcha-badge { visibility: hidden; } .ad-text{ background: #f0f2f2; font-size: 0.675rem; padding: 2px; color: #444; text-transform: uppercase; border-top: 4px solid #DCDCDC; } /*Fix CLS issues with wallpaper advertising*/ .masthead .mastheadSearch form button,.filteredSearch .facet-search button{text-indent:-10000px;} @media screen and (min-width: 1024px){ .rightcolumn {width: 300px !important;} } /*.wallpaper-applied #wrapper_sleeve>.container .inner-sleeve { background-color: inherit !important; } */ .wallpaper-applied.site-width-1024 .ad-style1, .wallpaper-applied.site-width-1024 .container .inner-sleeve { max-width: 1220px !important; } .footer { width: 100vw; position: relative; left: 50%; right: 50%; margin-left: -50vw; margin-right: -50vw; } #storyAccess .access_denied_image { float: right; margin-left: 30px; margin-top: -45px; } </style>  <style> @media screen and (max-width: 1023px){ #wrapper_sleeve.showMenuPushed{ transform: unset; transition: .2s; } .showMenu #wrapper_sleeve.showMenuPushed { transform: translateX(-280px); } } </style>           <style> #wrapper #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .content .col-1 { margin-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; } #wrapper #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .content .col-1 img.mobile { display:none; min-width: 290px; } #wrapper #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .content .col-1 p { margin: 15px 0px; } #wrapper #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .content .col-1 ul li { line-height: 1.6rem; margin-bottom: 10px; } #wrapper #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .content .col-2 { margin-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; } #wrapper #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .content .col-1 a.button { margin-top: 20px; display: inline-block; } @media only screen and (max-width: 768px) { #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .col-2 { display: none; } #wrapper #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .content .col-1 img.mobile { display:block; min-width: 280px; } #wrapper #access_promo.dynamic-content-wrapper .content .col-1 img.desktop { display:none; } } #cookiePolicy div p {text-align: left;} </style>   <style> .premium .masthead .mastheadLogo .logoIcon { background-image: url(https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/pictures/web/o/m/h/flightglobal_logo_desktop_premium_125170.svgz); width: 587px; height: 77px; background-position: initial; } .premium .masthead .mastheadMobileLogo .logoIcon{ background-image: url(https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/pictures/web/o/m/h/flightglobal_logo_mobile_premium_18824.svgz); width: 90px; height: 38px; background-position: initial; } .premium .masthead .mastNav>ul li.user>a:after { background-image: url(https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/pictures/web/l/f/j/premiumuseroff_66553.svgz); width: 39px; height: 34px; background-position: initial; } .premium .masthead .mastNav>ul li.user>a:hover::after, .premium .masthead .mastNav>ul li.user>a:focus::after { background-image: url(https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/pictures/web/l/f/j/premiumuseron_418773.svgz); width: 39px; height: 34px; background-position: initial; } .premium .masthead .mastNav > ul.user.hasSavedArticles > a:after { background-image: url(https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/pictures/web/l/f/j/premiumuserbookmarkoff_104721.svgz); width: 39px; height: 34px; background-position: initial; } .premium .masthead .mastNav > ul.user.hasSavedArticles:hover > a:after, .premium .masthead .mastNav > ul.user.hasSavedArticles > a:focus:after { background-image: url(https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/pictures/web/l/f/j/premiumuserbookmarkon_77440.svgz); width: 39px; height: 34px; background-position: initial; } .premium .masthead .mastNav .toggleIcon a { background-image: url(https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/pictures/web/l/f/j/premiummobileaccount_337723.svgz); width: 39px; height: 34px; background-position: initial; } @media screen and (min-width: 1024px){ .premium .masthead .mastNav>ul li.user>a { margin-right: 10px; } .premium .masthead .mastNav>ul li.user>a:before { right: 50px; } } </style>  <style> .adwrap_leader { height:250px; } @media screen and (min-width: 980px){ .adwrap_leader { height:250px; }} @media screen and (max-width: 980px) and (min-width: 750px) { .adwrap_leader { height: initial; min-height: 90px; }} @media screen and (max-width: 750px){ .adwrap_leader { height: initial; min-height: 100px; }} .adwrap_MPU {height: initial !important; min-height:250px; margin-bottom: 40px;} @media screen and (max-width: 750px){ .adwrap_MPU { height: initial !important; min-height:250px; margin-bottom: 40px;}} .footer .webvision {display: none;} </style> <style>.storyLayout.picture~.headerWrapper .inlineFull {margin-top: 0px;} .storyLayout.gallery~.headerWrapper .removeGapToMast, .storyLayout.picture~.headerWrapper .removeGapToMast {margin-top: 0px;} </style> <style> @media screen and (min-width: 1280px) .eme-htmlslideup .eme-footer .eme-image { display: block !important; position: absolute; right: 20px !important; width: 80px !important; bottom: 80px !important; height: 80px !important; opacity: 1; background: #F58C21; border-radius: 50%; padding: 16px !important; box-shadow: rgb(0 0 0 / 35%) 0px 5px 15px; } @media screen and (min-width: 1024px) .eme-htmlslideup .eme-footer .eme-image { display: block !important; position: absolute; right: 20px !important; width: 80px !important; bottom: 80px !important; height: 80px !important; opacity: 1; background: #F58C21; border-radius: 50%; padding: 16px !important; box-shadow: rgb(0 0 0 / 35%) 0px 5px 15px; } @media screen and (min-width: 768px) .eme-htmlslideup .eme-footer .eme-image { display: inline !important; position: absolute; right: 20px !important; width: 70px !important; bottom: 85px; height: 70px !important; opacity: 1; background: #F58C21; border-radius: 50%; padding: 13px !important; box-shadow: rgb(0 0 0 / 35%) 0px 5px 15px; } .eme-completed .eme-htmlslideup { max-width: 1024px; margin: auto; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main > .eme-headline { margin-bottom: 18px !important; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main { min-height: auto !important; padding: 10px 0 0 0; } @media screen and (min-width: 1024px) { .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container { order: 3; background-color: #002a63; margin-left: 0vw !important; margin-right: 0vw !important; padding-bottom: 10px; max-width: 1024px; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container .eme-button { margin-top: 10px; } } @media screen and (max-width: 767px){ .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main { padding: 10px 0px 0px; } } /* @media screen and (min-width: 1280px){ .eme-htmlslideup .eme-footer .eme-image { display: none !important; } } */ @media screen and (max-width: 767px) and (min-width: 481px) { .eme-htmlslideup .eme-content .eme-text { color: #DCDCDC; font-size: 1rem !important; line-height: 1.25rem !important; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; height: auto; opacity: 1; margin-top: -30px !important; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main > .eme-headline { margin-bottom: 5px !important; } .eme-htmlslideup .eme-headline { color: #fff; font-size: 1.5rem !important; line-height: 1.8rem !important; font-weight: 400 !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; height: auto; opacity: 1; order: 2; } } @media screen and (max-width: 480px){ .eme-htmlslideup .eme-content .eme-text { color: #DCDCDC; font-size: 0.85rem !important; line-height: 1.25rem !important; font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 10px !important; height: auto; opacity: 1; }} .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main > .eme-headline { margin-bottom: 5px !important; } @media screen and (max-width: 480px){ .eme-htmlslideup .eme-headline { color: #fff; font-size: 1.25rem !important; line-height: 1.5rem !important; font-weight: 400 !important; margin-bottom: 8px !important; }} @media screen and (max-width: 480px){ .eme-htmlslideup .eme-main { background-color: #144696; padding: 20px 9px 0px !important; }} @media screen and (max-width: 480px){ .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container .eme-link { color: #fff; font-size: 0.85rem !important; line-height: 1.5rem !important; }} @media screen and (max-width: 480px){ .eme-htmlslideup .eme-button-container .eme-button { color: #fff; display: inline-block; background-color: #F58C21; border-radius: 6px; padding: 4px 8px 2px !important; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; text-decoration: none; text-align: center; transition: background-color .2s,color .2s; margin-top: 10px !important; margin-left: -20px; min-width: 134px; margin-bottom: -10px !important; } } header#masthead+.ad { display: flex !important; flex-wrap: wrap !important; align-content: center !important; justify-content: center !important; } </style>  <style> .cappro-icons {display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center; margin: 20px auto; padding: 10px;}.icon-list { width: 20%; max-width: 250px;}.icon-list img { width: 100px; display: flex; margin: 0 auto;} .icon-list p {text-align: center;} @media screen and (max-width: 800px){.icon-list { width: 80%; max-width: 500px; margin: 0 auto;}.cappro-icons {display: block;}} .cappro-button {background: #05998c !important; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; margin: 30px auto; padding: 10px; width: 300px; border-radius: 10px; font-size: 0.95em; transition: all 0.25s ease;} .cappro-button:hover {background: #333 !important; transition: all 0.25s ease;} .icon-list-image {min-height: 120px;} @media screen and (min-width: 980px){ .cappro-button {margin: 30px auto; }} .cappro-button a {color: #ffffff !important; text-decoration: none !important; } .cappro-button a:hover {text-decoration: none !important;} .cappro-subs-image { max-width: 640px; width: 100%; margin: 20px auto 40px;} @media screen and (max-width: 800px){ .cappro-subs-image { display: none;}} @media screen and (min-width: 801px){ .cappro-subs-image-mobile { display: none;}} .cappro-subs-image-mobile { max-width: 640px; width: 70%; margin: 20px auto;} </style>   <style> button.bi-embed {float: right; margin-top: -15px;} .bi-report, .bi-landscape, .bi-portrait, .bi-portrait2, .bi-square, .bi-banner, .bi-banner2{ position: relative; overflow: hidden; width: 100%; margin-bottom:28px; } .bi-report{ padding-top: 56.25%; } .bi-landscape{ padding-top: 66.67%; } .bi-portrait{ padding-top: 150%; } .bi-portrait2{ padding-top: 120%; } .bi-square{ padding-top: 100%; } .bi-banner{ padding-top: 100%; } .bi-banner2{ padding-top: 27%; } @media screen and (min-width: 480px){ .bi-banner{ padding-top: 40%; } } @media screen and (min-width: 1023px){ .bi-banner{ padding-top: 28%; } } @media screen and (min-width: 1024px){ .bi-banner{ padding-top: 20%; } } .powerbi iframe{ border:1px solid #DCDCDC; } .powerbi.bi-banner iframe{ border:none; } .bi-report iframe, .bi-landscape iframe, .bi-portrait iframe, .bi-portrait2 iframe, .bi-square iframe, .bi-banner iframe, .bi-banner2 iframe{ position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0; right: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } .FG-CTA img {vertical-align: bottom; margin-right: 5px;} .FG-CTA {text-align: center; font-size: 1.25em;} .AB-CTA {text-align: center; font-size: 1.25em;} .AB-CTA p {text-align: center; font-size: 1.25em;} </style> <style> .grid .gridLayout ul li .subSleeve #sas_intextContainer_12152131 {display: none;} .grid .gridLayout ul li .subSleeve .sas_intextContainer_12152131 {display: none;} .grid .gridLayout ul li .subSleeve sas_intextContainer_12152131 {display: none;} .desktopNavigation ul.main>li>a>span {padding: 13px 8px 12px 3px;} .desktopNavigation ul.main>li.hasChildren>a>span {padding-right: 28px;} .desktopNavigation ul.main>li>a>span, .desktopNavigation ul.main>li>span {font-size: 1.35rem;} li.hasChildren:nth-child(9) {background: #AF151F !important; border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px;} .accessible-megamenu-1723133140706-15 {background: #AF151F !important; border-radius: 5px 5px 0px 0px;} </style>    <script> function getDataLayerVal(keyVal) { for (var i = 0, iL = window.dataLayer.length; i < iL; i++) { if (dataLayer[i][keyVal] !== undefined) { return dataLayer[i][keyVal]; } } } function getFullNavPath(path) { if(getDataLayerVal(path) !== undefined) { getDataLayerVal(path).split('|').join(' ').trim(); } } // Function to extract values from <meta> elements function getMetaContentByName(name,content){ var content = (content==null)?'content':content; return document.querySelector("meta[name='"+name+"']").getAttribute(content); } </script> <script src="https://unpkg.com/@ungap/url-search-params@0.2.2/min.js"></script>  <script> $(document).ready(function() { var notSignedIn = getDataLayerVal('prodid') == undefined ? true : false ; if(!notSignedIn){ var splitthis = getDataLayerVal('prodid').split('|'); var premium = splitthis.filter(function(number) { return number == '24'; }); if(premium.length != 0){ document.querySelector('body').classList.add("premium"); } else{ if(document.querySelector('body').classList.contains("premium")){ document.querySelector('body').classList.remove("premium"); } } } }) </script>   <script> function readCookie(cName) { var i, x, y, arRcookies = document.cookie.split(";"); for (i = 0; i < arRcookies.length; i++) { x = arRcookies[i].substr(0, arRcookies[i].indexOf("=")); y = arRcookies[i].substr(arRcookies[i].indexOf("=") + 1); x = x.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, ""); if (x == cName) { return unescape(y); } } } var coms_ucfr = readCookie('rbi_cookies_accepted') == null ? 0 : 1; var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "32394014", cs_ucfr: coms_ucfr }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })(); </script> <noscript> <img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=32394014&cs_ucfr&cv=2.0&cj=1"> </noscript>   <script async='async' src='https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js'></script> <script> var urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var pathname = window.location.pathname; var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; var showwallpaper; if(document.querySelector('meta[name="showwallpaper"]')) { showwallpaper = document.querySelector('meta[name="showwallpaper"]').content; } googletag.cmd.push(function() { var screenwidth = window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth || document.body.clientWidth; var mapping1 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([980, 0], [[970, 250], [970, 90]]) .addSize([750, 0], [[728, 90]]) .addSize([0, 0], [[320, 100], [320, 50]]) .build(); var mapping2 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([980, 0], [[300, 600], [300, 250]]) .addSize([750, 0], [[300, 600], [300, 250]]) .addSize([0, 0], [[300, 250]]) .build(); var mapping3 = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([980, 0], [[300, 600], [300, 250]]) .addSize([750, 0], [[300, 600], [300, 250]]) .addSize([0, 0], [[300, 250]]) .build(); var mapWallpaper = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([0, 0], []) // 1220, 0 .addSize([1220, 0], [1, 1]) .build(); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/topbanner', [[970,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-8826768-Topbanner-ad-1') .defineSizeMapping(mapping1) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/aix_lead1', [[970,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1713862524662-0') .defineSizeMapping(mapping1) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/aix_lead2', [[970,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1713863021024-0') .defineSizeMapping(mapping1) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/sidebar1', [[300,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1707670-sidebar1-1') .defineSizeMapping(mapping2) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/sidebar2', [[300,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1615375849628-0') .defineSizeMapping(mapping3) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/sidebar3', [[300,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-1669201998136-0') .defineSizeMapping(mapping3) .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/Navigation_bar_MPU', [[300,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-9331961-1') .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/ConferencesandEvents_MPU', [[300,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-7383182-1') .addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/outofpage', 'div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-video-oop').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting('pos', 'oop'); googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/outofpage', 'div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-curtain-raiser-oop1').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting('pos', 'oop1'); googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/outofpage', 'div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-stayon-oop2').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting('pos', 'oop2'); //mobile sticky (Mobile articles only) googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal', 'div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-interstitials-oop3').addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting('pos', 'oop3'); // Pass the dataLayer value element to DFP (to be used as a `key-value`) googletag.pubads().setTargeting("navcode",getMetaContentByName("navcode")); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("MicrositeNavCode",getDataLayerVal('MicrositeNavCode')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("articleid",getDataLayerVal('StoryID')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("jobrole",getDataLayerVal('jobr')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("joblev",getDataLayerVal('jobl')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("orgtype",getDataLayerVal('orgtype')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("mainorgtype",getDataLayerVal('mainorgtype')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("sec0",getDataLayerVal('PrimaryNavCurrent')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("type",getDataLayerVal('Template')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("LoggedInStatus",getDataLayerVal('LoggedIn')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("AccessStatus",getDataLayerVal('AccessStatus')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("prodid",getDataLayerVal('prodid')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("usertype",getDataLayerVal('usertype')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("ArticleName",getDataLayerVal('Headline')); //https://dvvfg.webvisioncloud.com/CMS/PageTextAddEdit.aspx?label=PageText&id=530&TB_iframe=true&width=800# googletag.pubads().setTargeting("Standfirst",getDataLayerVal('Standfirst')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("StoryCategories",getDataLayerVal('StoryCategories')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("fullnavpath", getFullNavPath('FullNavPath')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("SearchKeyword", urlParams.get('qkeyword')); googletag.pubads().setTargeting("url",window.location.pathname); googletag.pubads().setTargeting('slug', document.location.pathname.substr(document.location.pathname.lastIndexOf('/'))); // wallpaper // check if wallpaper is defined, is set to be shown on this page and screen width is greater than 1220 if (document.querySelector('#div-gpt-ad-1581079248444-0') && showwallpaper && (window.innerWidth > 1220) && !dataLayer.some(function(el){return el&&'MicrositeNavCode' in el&&el.MicrositeNavCode=='200';})) { var wallpaperSlot = googletag.defineOutOfPageSlot('/13644946/FlightGlobal/Wallpaper', 'div-gpt-ad-1581079248444-0').defineSizeMapping(mapWallpaper).addService(googletag.pubads()).setTargeting('url', document.location.pathname); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { //if((event.slot.getSlotElementId() == wallpaperSlot.getSlotElementId()) && !event.isEmpty) { if((event.slot.getSlotElementId() == wallpaperSlot.getSlotElementId()) && !event.isEmpty) { if(document.querySelector('.wallpaper-ad[data-site-width-1024]')) { document.body.classList.add('site-width-1024'); } if(showwallpaper === "true") { document.body.classList.add('wallpaper-applied'); $(window).trigger('wallpaper:advert'); } } }); }; googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad({ fetchMarginPercent: 5, // Fetch slots within 5 viewports. renderMarginPercent: 5, // Render slots within 2 viewports. mobileScaling: 0 // Double the above values on mobile. }); //googletag.pubads().enableAsyncRendering(); //googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); googletag.enableServices(); }); window.addEventListener('message', receiveMessage, false); function receiveMessage(event) { if(event.data == 'wallpaper-fireplace' || event.data == 'wallpaper-standard') { //if(event.data == 'wallpaper-standard') { document.body.classList.add(event.data); positionWallpaperFromTop(); wallpaperElement = document.querySelector('.wallpaper-ad').getElementsByTagName('div')[0]; wallpaperElement.style.top = document.querySelector('#masthead').getBoundingClientRect().bottom + 'px'; } } function positionWallpaperFromTop() { if(!window.IntersectionObserver) return; var observer = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries) { if (entries[0].isIntersecting) { var wallpaperElement = document.querySelector('.wallpaper-ad').getElementsByTagName('div')[0]; wallpaperElement.style.top = (document.querySelector('#masthead').getBoundingClientRect().bottom + window.scrollY) + 'px' } else { document.querySelector('#wrapper_sleeve').style.top = '0'; } }); observer.observe(document.querySelector('#masthead')); } /* window.addEventListener('message', receiveMessage, false); function receiveMessage(event) { if(event.data == 'wallpaper-standard') { document.body.className+=" wallpaper-standard"; wallpaperElement = document.querySelector('.wallpaper-ad').getElementsByTagName('div')[0]; wallpaperElement.style.top = document.querySelector('#masthead').getBoundingClientRect().top + 'px'; } } */ /* window.addEventListener('message', receiveMessage, false); function receiveMessage(event) { if(event.data == 'wallpaper-fireplace') document.body.className+=" wallpaper-fireplace"; if(document.body.className.match('wallpaper-fireplace')) { var mastHeight = document.querySelector('#masthead').offsetHeight, wallpaperElement = document.querySelector('.wallpaper-ad').getElementsByTagName('div')[0]; wallpaperElement.style.top = mastHeight + 'px'; } } */ </script>  <meta name="showwallpaper" content="true"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="5c4xBgNLIRH38KmfNP1CK-Gkf8SpaKde3E7uEyiLV8U" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bYUbjg-HKHXAQceTdE3EgN7dEtDGj-0UhYmY-LhfzdM" /> <meta name="robots" content="max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"/> <script data-ad-client="ca-pub-7045852503918369" async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <meta name="google-site-verification" content="ZO7jU7lHQGje6GaWB7_FG6S7nT47tc9ecF_zrjdIwzI" />  <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '526026152009400'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); </script> <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=526026152009400&ev=PageView &noscript=1"/> </noscript>   <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-T4GDCNK');</script>  </head> <body id="spin2" class="SPIN2-master SPIN2-fixed-RHC js-disabled enhanced-advertising enhanced-advertising-rhc-empty">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T4GDCNK" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PQRKBK3" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script type="text/javascript">document.body.className = document.body.className.replace('js-disabled', ''); document.cookie="_js=1; path=/";</script> <div id="wrapper"> <ul id="skiplinks"><li><a href="#wrapper_sleeve">Skip to main content</a></li><li><a href="#mainnav">Skip to navigation</a></li></ul> <header id="masthead" class="masthead"> <div class="htmlContent"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-interstitials-oop3'> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-interstitials-oop3'); }); </script> </div> <div id='div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-video-oop'> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-video-oop'); }); </script> </div> <div id='div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-curtain-raiser-oop1'> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-curtain-raiser-oop1'); }); </script> </div> <div id='div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-stayon-oop2'> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-249527336346462137-0-stayon-oop2'); }); </script> </div>  <div id="div-gpt-ad-1581079248444-0" class="wallpaper-ad" data-site-width-1024> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1581079248444-0'); }); </script> </div>  <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { // Ensure the first call to display comes after static ad slot // divs are defined. googletag.display(staticSlot); }); </script> </div> <div class="hot-topics-container container showMenuPushed"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="hot-topics-item"><svg id="hot-topics-icon" viewBox="0 0 15 15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title>hot-topics</title><path d="M.31,7.44,7.56,14.7A1,1,0,0,0,9,14.7H9L14.7,9h0a1,1,0,0,0,0-1.45L7.44.31A1,1,0,0,0,6.79,0H1A.92.92,0,0,0,.27.27h0A.92.92,0,0,0,0,1V6.65a1,1,0,0,0,0,.14H0A1,1,0,0,0,.31,7.44ZM2.39,5.3a2.07,2.07,0,1,1,2.93,0A2.07,2.07,0,0,1,2.39,5.3Z" fill="#ababab" /></svg><span>Trending now</span></li><li class="first"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/guide-to-business-aviation-training-and-safety-2024">Guide to Business Aviation Training and Safety 2024</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airline-business/podcast" class="newWindow">Airline Business podcast</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/podcasts">First Flight - a new podcast</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/aix-2024">AIX 2024</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/women-in-aviation/66.tag">Women in Aviation</a></li><li><a href="https://account.flightglobal.com/register">Sustainable Aviation newsletter</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/reports/2024-world-air-forces-directory/156008.article">2024 World Air Forces directory</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/singapore-airshow-2024/111.tag">Singapore Airshow 2024</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/guide-to-business-aviation-training-and-safety-2023">Guide to Business Aviation Training and Safety 2023</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/programmes/last-of-the-jumbos-boeing-closes-chapter-with-final-747-delivery/151856.article">Final Boeing 747 delivery</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/aerospace/what-lies-in-store-for-the-aviation-industry-in-2023/151124.article">2023 Industry forecast</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/how-year-of-conflict-affected-world-air-forces-inventory/151113.article">2023 World Air Forces directory</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/shows/nbaa-2022">NBAA 2022</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/shows/farnborough-2022">Farnborough 2022</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/shell-aviation-what-will-it-take-to-decarbonise-aviation">What will it take to Decarbonise Aviation?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/aix/95.tag">AIX 2022</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/shows/ebace-2022">EBACE 2022</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/guide-to-business-aviation-training-and-safety-2022">Guide to Business Aviation Training and Safety 2022</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/88.tag">Ukraine crisis</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/jobs/the-flightglobal-pilot-survey-2022/147230.article">The Pilot Survey 2022</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/aerospace/what-awaits-the-aviation-sector-in-2022/146889.article">What does the future of aviation look like in 2022?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/reports/world-air-forces-directory-2022/146695.article">World Air Forces directory 2022</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/shell-aviation-what-will-it-take-to-decarbonise-aviation">Shell Aviation: What will it take to Decarbonise Aviation?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/edge-a-new-global-force-in-aerospace-and-defence">EDGE: A new global force in aerospace and defence</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/shows/nbaa-2021">NBAA 2021</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/world-airline-rankings-how-deeply-the-crisis-hit-the-industry-in-2020/145186.article">World Airline Rankings 2021</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/shows/iata-agm-2021">IATA AGM 2021</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/top-100-aerospace-companies-ranked-by-revenue/145146.article">Top 100 aerospace companies</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/shows/dsei-2021">DSEI 2021</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/shows/maks-2021">MAKS 2021</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/paid-content/defending-across-the-domains/143815.article">Defending across the domains</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flightglobal-guide-to-business-aviation-training-and-safety-2021">FlightGlobal Guide to Business Aviation Training and Safety 2021</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/737-max-two-years-on">737 Max: Two years on</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/the-pilot-survey-2021-report">The Pilot Survey 2021 Report</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/helicopter-report">Helicopter Report</a></li><li class="last"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/">Sustainability at Paris</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="mast container full" role="banner" data-multi-toggle-menu> <div class="inner-sleeve" data-menu-open-pushed> <div class="mastheadLogo"> <a href="/"> <span class="logoIcon"> <span class="assistive">Site name</span> </span> </a> </div> <div id="print_logo"> <img src="/magazine/dest/graphics/logo/print_logo.png" alt="" /> </div> <div class="mastheadMobileLogo"> <a href="/"> <span class="logoIcon"> <span class="assistive">Site name</span> </span> </a> </div> <div class="mastControls"> <nav data-multi-toggle-item="" class="mastNav loggedout hide"><span class="toggleIcon"><a href="#mastnav" data-toggle-button=""><span class="assistive">Mast navigation</span></a></span><ul id="mastnav" data-toggle-element=""><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/subscribe?campaigncode=fgsubusernav">Subscribe</a></li><li><a href="https://account.flightglobal.com/register?campaigncode=fgregusernav&returl=https://www.flightglobal.com">Register</a></li><li><a href="https://account.flightglobal.com/register?campaigncode=fgregusernav&returl=https://www.flightglobal.com">Newsletters</a></li><li><a class="popup signIn" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/sign-in">Sign In</a></li></ul></nav> <div class="mastheadSearch hide" data-multi-toggle-item=""> <span class="toggleIcon"> <a href="#search" data-toggle-button=""> <span class="assistive">Search our site</span> </a> </span> <form action="https://www.flightglobal.com/searchresults" method="get" id="mastsearch" data-toggle-element=""> <fieldset> <div> <label for="search">Search our site</label> <input type="text" id="search" value="" name="qkeyword" class="text" placeholder="Search our site" /> <button class="mastSearch" type="submit">Search</button> </div> </fieldset> </form> </div> <div class="menuToggle"> <span class="toggleIcon"><a href="#mobilemenu" data-menu-toggle-button=""><span class="assistive">Menu</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menuContainer"> <div class="mobileMenu" id="mobilemenu"> <div class="sleeve"> <a class="menuClose" href="#wrapper"> <span>Close<span class="assistive"> menu</span></span> </a> <ul class="main"> <li class="home-icon"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/"> <span>Home</span> </a> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news" aria-expanded="false"> <span>News</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news"> <span>News</span> </a> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Aerospace</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace"> <span>Aerospace</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/mro"> <span>MRO</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/systems-and-interiors"> <span>Systems & Interiors</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/helicopters"> <span>Helicopters</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/space"> <span>Space</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/civil-uavs"> <span>Civil UAVs</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Air transport</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport"> <span>Air transport</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport/airframers"> <span>Airframers</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport/engines"> <span>Engines</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport/programmes"> <span>Programmes</span> </a> </li> <li class="break"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport/orders-and-deliveries"> <span>Orders & Deliveries</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/safety"> <span>Safety</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/business-aviation"> <span>Business aviation</span> </a> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Region</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region"> <span>Region</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/europe"> <span>Europe</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/africa"> <span>Africa</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/north-america"> <span>North America</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/latin-america"> <span>Latin America</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/asia-pacific"> <span>Asia Pacific</span> </a> </li> <li class="break"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/middle-east"> <span>Middle East</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/analysis"> <span>Analysis</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/interviews"> <span>Interviews</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/opinion"> <span>Opinion</span> </a> </li> <li class="break"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/in-depth"> <span>In depth</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/podcasts"> <span>Podcasts</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Airlines</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines"> <span>Airlines</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/strategy"> <span>Strategy</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/networks"> <span>Networks</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/fleets"> <span>Fleets</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Defence</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence"> <span>Defence</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/helicopters"> <span>Helicopters</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/fixed-wing"> <span>Fixed-Wing</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/military-uavs"> <span>Military UAVs</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/reports/2024-world-air-forces-directory/156008.article"> <span>2024 World Air Forces directory</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Flight International</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international"> <span>Flight International</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/subscribe" class="newWindow"> <span>Subscribe to Flight International</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/flight-international-opinion"> <span>Flight International Opinion</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/110-years-of-flight"> <span>110 years of Flight</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/airbus-at-50"> <span>Airbus at 50</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/honeywell-shaping-the-future"> <span>Honeywell: Shaping the Future</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/cae-skys-no-limit"> <span>CAE: Sky's no limit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="hasChildren "> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/events-and-webinars" aria-expanded="false"> <span>Events & webinars</span> </a> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="subMenu hide"> <li class="parentBack"> <a class="toolbar" href="#"> <span class="header">Back<span class="assistive"> to parent navigation item</span></span> <span class="btn backBtn"> <i></i> </span> </a> </li> <li class="parentNav"> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/events-and-webinars"> <span>Events & webinars</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/events-and-webinars/upcoming-webinars"> <span>Upcoming webinars</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/events-and-webinars/on-demand-webinars"> <span>On demand webinars</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://jobs.flightglobal.com/?utm_source=FlightGlobal&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=navbar " class="newWindow"> <span>Jobs</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/subscribe?campaigncode=fgsubmast" class="newWindow"> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airline-business" class="newWindow"> <span>Airline Business</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="mobileMenuClose"></div> <div id="mainnav" class="desktopNavigation container" data-menu-open-pushed=""><div class="dropdown vanityPanel"><div class="inner-sleeve"></div></div><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul class="main preJS"><li data-navcode="2" data-rootnavcode="2" class="home-icon"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li data-navcode="31" data-rootnavcode="31" class="current hasChildren fourSubNav"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news"><span>News</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="43" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace"><span>Aerospace</span></a><ul><li data-navcode="82" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/mro"><span>MRO</span></a></li><li data-navcode="83" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/systems-and-interiors"><span>Systems & Interiors</span></a></li><li data-navcode="84" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/helicopters"><span>Helicopters</span></a></li><li data-navcode="85" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/space"><span>Space</span></a></li><li data-navcode="86" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/aerospace/civil-uavs"><span>Civil UAVs</span></a></li></ul></li><li data-navcode="46" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport"><span>Air transport</span></a><ul><li data-navcode="118" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport/airframers"><span>Airframers</span></a></li><li data-navcode="119" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport/engines"><span>Engines</span></a></li><li data-navcode="120" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport/programmes"><span>Programmes</span></a></li><li data-navcode="121" data-rootnavcode="31" class="break"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/air-transport/orders-and-deliveries"><span>Orders & Deliveries</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="47" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/safety"><span>Safety</span></a></li><li data-navcode="114" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/business-aviation"><span>Business aviation</span></a></li><li data-navcode="69" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region"><span>Region</span></a><ul><li data-navcode="70" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/europe"><span>Europe</span></a></li><li data-navcode="71" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/africa"><span>Africa</span></a></li><li data-navcode="72" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/north-america"><span>North America</span></a></li><li data-navcode="73" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/latin-america"><span>Latin America</span></a></li><li data-navcode="74" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/asia-pacific"><span>Asia Pacific</span></a></li><li data-navcode="75" data-rootnavcode="31" class="break"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/region/middle-east"><span>Middle East</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="100" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/analysis"><span>Analysis</span></a></li><li data-navcode="102" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/interviews"><span>Interviews</span></a></li><li data-navcode="98" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/opinion"><span>Opinion</span></a></li><li data-navcode="101" data-rootnavcode="31" class="break"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/in-depth"><span>In depth</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="450" data-rootnavcode="31" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/podcasts"><span>Podcasts</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></li><li data-navcode="44" data-rootnavcode="44" class="hasChildren oneSubNav"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines"><span>Airlines</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="79" data-rootnavcode="44" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/strategy"><span>Strategy</span></a></li><li data-navcode="233" data-rootnavcode="44" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/networks"><span>Networks</span></a></li><li data-navcode="132" data-rootnavcode="44" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/fleets"><span>Fleets</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/airlines/five-budget-carriers-fined-over-alleged-violations-of-spanish-consumer-regulations/160858.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/4/0/6/106406_ryanair737800cadrianpingstonecreativecommons_141488.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="Ryanair 737-800-c-Adrian Pingstone Creative Commons"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Five budget carriers fined over alleged violations of Spanish consumer regulations</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/analysis/what-might-new-european-commission-mean-for-airlines/160821.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/3/8/2/106382_54153133759_e44e3b7ef7_o_83788.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="Filip Cornelis, director of aviation EC"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">What might new European Commission mean for airlines?</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/fleets/copa-trims-network-as-boeing-delivery-delays-cut-into-growth/160854.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/3/9/8/106398_copaairlinesboeing737max_129336.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="copa Airlines boeing 737 Max"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Copa trims network as Boeing delivery delays cut into growth</span></div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li data-navcode="45" data-rootnavcode="45" class="hasChildren oneSubNav"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence"><span>Defence</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="116" data-rootnavcode="45" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/helicopters"><span>Helicopters</span></a></li><li data-navcode="115" data-rootnavcode="45" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/fixed-wing"><span>Fixed-Wing</span></a></li><li data-navcode="117" data-rootnavcode="45" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/military-uavs"><span>Military UAVs</span></a></li><li data-navcode="315" data-rootnavcode="45" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/reports/2024-world-air-forces-directory/156008.article"><span>2024 World Air Forces directory</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/fixed-wing/lockheed-uses-l-39-and-two-l-29s-to-test-air-to-air-combat-with-autonomous-fighters/160859.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/4/2/1/106421_echosflighttestphoto_971569.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="ECHOS Flight Test Photo"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Lockheed uses L-39 and two L-29s to test air-to-air combat with autonomous fighters</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/defence/boeing-wins-24-billion-deal-for-15-kc-46as/160855.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/4/0/1/106401_kc46a_947283.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="KC-46A"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Boeing wins $2.4 billion deal for 15 KC-46As</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/fixed-wing/romania-makes-formal-commitment-to-acquire-32-f-35as/160851.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/3/9/4/106394_f35germany_311626.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="F-35 germany"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Romania makes formal commitment to acquire 32 F-35As</span></div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li data-navcode="245" data-rootnavcode="245" class="hasChildren oneSubNav"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international"><span>Flight International</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="67" data-rootnavcode="245" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/subscribe" class="newWindow"><span>Subscribe to Flight International</span></a></li><li data-navcode="153" data-rootnavcode="245" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/flight-international-opinion"><span>Flight International Opinion</span></a></li><li data-navcode="113" data-rootnavcode="245" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/110-years-of-flight"><span>110 years of Flight</span></a></li><li data-navcode="140" data-rootnavcode="245" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/airbus-at-50"><span>Airbus at 50</span></a></li><li data-navcode="148" data-rootnavcode="245" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/honeywell-shaping-the-future"><span>Honeywell: Shaping the Future</span></a></li><li data-navcode="159" data-rootnavcode="245" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/flight-international/cae-skys-no-limit"><span>CAE: Sky's no limit</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/defence/how-the-global-military-fleet-shapes-up-in-our-2025-world-air-forces-review/160844.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/3/7/4/106374_f35acusairforce_122137.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="USAF F-35A"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">How the global military fleet shapes up in our 2025 World Air Forces review</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/strategy/flying-747s-at-age-23-how-paola-velasco-shattered-biases-in-bolivias-airline-industry/160215.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/3/7/7/105377_paolavelascowia1007242_286090.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="Former BoA captain Paola Velasco"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Flying 747s at age 23: how Paola Velasco shattered biases in Bolivia’s airline industry</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/airframers/cash-positions-increasingly-critical-for-us-electric-air-taxi-developers/160652.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/0/5/4/106054_trioofjobyaircraft_852678.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="Trio of Joby aircraft"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Cash positions increasingly critical for US electric air taxi developers</span></div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li data-navcode="110" data-rootnavcode="110" class="hasChildren oneSubNav"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/events-and-webinars"><span>Events & webinars</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="subnav"><ul><li data-navcode="162" data-rootnavcode="110" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/events-and-webinars/upcoming-webinars"><span>Upcoming webinars</span></a></li><li data-navcode="164" data-rootnavcode="110" class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/events-and-webinars/on-demand-webinars"><span>On demand webinars</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/upcoming-events/navigating-the-path-to-certification-for-electric-aircraft/160665.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/0/7/1/106071_fi2024046_bae__1376x928_614917.png" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="Fi2024-046_BAE__1376 x 928"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Navigating the path to certification for electric aircraft</span><span class="author">Paid content by <span class="noLink">BAE Systems</span></span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/events-and-webinars/how-ai-is-revolutionizing-aviation-weather/160469.article" class="image layoutIcon videoLayout"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/7/6/9/105769_fi2024044_twc__1376x928px_253680.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="Fi2024-044_TWC__1376-x-928px"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">How AI is revolutionizing aviation weather</span><span class="author">Exclusive partner <span class="noLink">The Weather Company</span></span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/on-demand-webinars/can-hydrogen-power-aviation-to-a-zero-carbon-future/159878.article" class="image layoutIcon videoLayout"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/7/7/5/104775_fgblock_992193.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="FGBlock"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Can hydrogen power aviation to a zero-carbon future</span><span class="author">Exclusive partner <span class="noLink">Honeywell</span></span></div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li data-navcode="130" data-rootnavcode="130" class="hasChildren"><a href="https://jobs.flightglobal.com/?utm_source=FlightGlobal&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=navbar " class="newWindow"><span>Jobs</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="promotedStory"><a class="image" href="https://jobs.flightglobal.com/jobs/maintenance-repair-and-overhaul/" data-story="157748" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/4/2/5/101425_274x183engineerx2_520377.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="274 x 183 Engineer x2"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Search for MRO Jobs</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a class="image" href="https://jobs.flightglobal.com/jobs/flight-crew/" data-story="157747" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/4/2/3/101423_pilot274x183_23160.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="Pilot 274 x 183"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Search for Flight Crew Jobs</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a class="image" href="https://recruiters.flightglobal.com/pricing/" data-story="157746" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/4/2/1/101421_274x183engineer_748514.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="274 x 183 Engineer"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">FlightJobs Recruiter Centre</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a class="image" href="https://jobs.flightglobal.com/careers/?utm_source=FlightGlobal&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=navbarboxcareers" data-story="136321"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/6/6/2/67662_thelatestaviationcareersnewsnew_121564.png" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="The latest aviation careers news - NEW"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">The latest careers advice & news</span></div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li data-navcode="229" data-rootnavcode="229"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/subscribe?campaigncode=fgsubmast" class="newWindow"><span>Subscribe</span></a></li><li data-navcode="487" data-rootnavcode="487" class="hasChildren"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airline-business" class="newWindow"><span>Airline Business</span></a><div class="dropdown"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/airlines/klm-rolls-out-450m-efficiency-plan-to-tackle-costs-challenges/160178.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/3/2/4/105324_klma321neoheadoncklm_711775.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="KLM A321neo head-on-c-KLM"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">KLM rolls out €450m efficiency plan to tackle costs challenges</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/airframers/after-its-latest-low-is-boeing-ready-to-turn-the-corner/159139.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/7/0/5/103705_737max10cairteamimages_215921.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="737 Max 10"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">After its latest low, is Boeing ready to turn the corner?</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/interviews/airlink-takes-stock-after-making-its-name-in-south-african-market/157122.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/4/2/1/100421_rodgerfostercairlink_71410.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="Airlink chief executive"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">Airlink takes stock after making its name in South African market</span></div></a></li><li class="promotedStory"><a href="/analysis/new-product-enhancements-lead-qantas-charm-offensive-as-first-half-profits-slip/157073.article" class="image"><div class="image"><img src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/274x183/3/2/1/100321_qantaslinkairbusa220_17149_crop.jpg" loading="lazy" class="lazyloaded" alt="QantasLink Airbus A220"></div><div class="captionBlock"><span class="title">New product enhancements lead Qantas charm offensive as first half profits slip</span></div></a></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="more hide"><a href="#mobilemenu" data-menu-toggle-button="" aria-expanded="false"><span> More from<span class="assistive"> navigation items</span></span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="desktopNavigationSpace"></div> </div> </header> <div class="adwrap_leader ad showMenuPushed"> <div class="" data-a-menu-open-pushed="true"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-8826768-Topbanner-ad-1'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-8826768-Topbanner-ad-1'); }); </script> </div> </div></div>  <div id="wrapper_sleeve" role="main" data-menu-open-pushed> <div class="container"> <div class="inner-sleeve"> <div id="top" class="area"> <div class="grid"> <div class="oneColumn"> <div class="columnContainer"> <div class="column columnOne"> <div id="access_promo" class="dynamic-content-wrapper"> <section class="content"> <div class="col-1"> <header> <img class="desktop" alt="FlightGlobal_logo_desktop_premium_balck" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/pictures/web/g/n/m/flightglobal_logo_desktop_premium_balck_688764.svgz" /> <img class="mobile" alt="FlightGlobal_logo_desktop_premium_balck" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/pictures/web/g/n/m/flightglobal_logo_mobile_premium_black_989290.svgz" /> </header> <section> <p><strong> Become a <span style="color: #1cafe5;"> FlightGlobal </span> member today and enjoy these benefits </strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Unlimited access to all digital content </strong></li> <li><strong>Premium Daily News Alert </strong>direct to your inbox</li> <ul> <li> If you aren't ready to subscribe now, you can <strong><a href="https://account.flightglobal.com/register?campaigncode=fganonnewspromo1" target="_blank"> sign up for free</a></strong> to receive our weekly newsletters covering all areas of the aviation industry </li> </ul> </ul> </section> <p><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/subscribe?campaigncode=fganonsubpromo1" class="button">Subscribe now</a></p> </div> <div class="col-2" > <section> <img alt="FlightGlobal Premium Digital and Print" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/480xAny/P/web/t/b/k/flg_premium_devices_jul_21_no_mag_crop_369187.png" /> </section> </div> </section> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="columns" class="container"> <div id="colwrapper" class="inner-sleeve"> <div id="colmain"> <div id="content"> <div id="content_sleeve"> <div id="main" class="area"> <div class="grid"> <div class="oneColumn"> <div class="columnContainer"> <div class="column columnOne"> <div id="all-safety-news_303" class="spinBlock colour1 hasmorelink hastitle"><div class="sleeve"><div class="sectionhead"><h2><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/all-safety-news/303.more?navcode=47">All Safety News</a></h2></div><div class="spinLayout thumb onecol left item-first hasPicture"><div class="sleeve"><p class="picture"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airframers/manufacturing-issue-prompts-faa-to-propose-787-stabiliser-inspections/160849.article" class="image"><img alt="787 debut" class="lazyloaded" loading="eager" sizes="(max-width: 1179px) 100px, 220px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/3/9/1/106391_787debutcboeing_77603.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/3/9/1/106391_787debutcboeing_77603.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x147/3/9/1/106391_787debutcboeing_77603.jpg 220w" width="100" height="67" /></a></p><div class="subSleeve"><span class="story-type"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a></span><h2><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/airframers/manufacturing-issue-prompts-faa-to-propose-787-stabiliser-inspections/160849.article">Manufacturing issue prompts FAA to propose 787 stabiliser inspections</a></h2><p class="intro">The Federal Aviation Administration intends to require airlines to inspect horizontal stabiliser hardware on Boeing 787s due to components possibly being assembled incorrectly by the company during manufacturing.</p></div></div></div><div class="spinLayout thumb onecol right item-second hasPicture"><div class="sleeve"><p class="picture"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/ryanair-737-max-crew-pushed-jet-into-steep-descent-after-go-around-altitude-breach/160845.article" class="image"><img alt="EI-HET-c-Andrzej Otrebski Creative Commons" class="lazyloaded" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1179px) 100px, 220px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/3/8/1/106381_eihetcandrzejotrebskicreativecommons_931205.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/3/8/1/106381_eihetcandrzejotrebskicreativecommons_931205.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x147/3/8/1/106381_eihetcandrzejotrebskicreativecommons_931205.jpg 220w" width="100" height="67" /></a></p><div class="subSleeve"><span class="story-type"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a></span><h2><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/ryanair-737-max-crew-pushed-jet-into-steep-descent-after-go-around-altitude-breach/160845.article">Ryanair 737 Max crew pushed jet into steep descent after go-around altitude breach</a></h2><p class="intro">Ryanair has introduced a ‘discontinued approach’ procedure after a serious incident at London Stansted during which a Boeing 737 Max 8-200 breached its go-around altitude, leading the crew to push the jet into a steep descent.</p></div></div></div><div class="spinLayout thumb onecol left item-third hasPicture"><div class="sleeve"><p class="picture"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/nose-gear-collapses-during-runway-excursion-of-prime-air-767-operated-by-cargojet/160811.article" class="image"><img alt="Amazon One" class="lazyloaded" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1179px) 100px, 220px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/3/2/5/106325_amazonone_836510.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/3/2/5/106325_amazonone_836510.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x147/3/2/5/106325_amazonone_836510.jpg 220w" width="100" height="67" /></a></p><div class="subSleeve"><span class="story-type"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a></span><h2><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/nose-gear-collapses-during-runway-excursion-of-prime-air-767-operated-by-cargojet/160811.article">Nose gear collapses during runway excursion of Prime Air 767 operated by Cargojet</a></h2><p class="intro">The nose gear of a Prime Air-branded Boeing 767-300ER operated by Cargojet Airways collapsed on 19 November after the aircraft left the runway at Vancouver International airport. </p></div></div></div><div class="spinLayout thumb onecol right item-fourth hasPicture"><div class="sleeve"><p class="picture"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/investigators-probe-saa-a330s-pitch-oscillation-during-cruise/160790.article" class="image"><img alt="SAA A330-300-c-Airbus" class="lazyloaded" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1179px) 100px, 220px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/7/7/106277_saaa330300cairbus_965567.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/7/7/106277_saaa330300cairbus_965567.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x147/2/7/7/106277_saaa330300cairbus_965567.jpg 220w" width="100" height="67" /></a></p><div class="subSleeve"><span class="story-type"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a></span><h2><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/investigators-probe-saa-a330s-pitch-oscillation-during-cruise/160790.article">Investigators probe SAA A330’s pitch oscillation during cruise</a></h2><p class="intro">Investigators are probing an in-flight oscillation at cruise altitude which affected a South African Airways Airbus A330-300 operating a domestic service.</p></div></div></div><div class="spinLayout thumb onecol left hasPicture"><div class="sleeve"><p class="picture"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/bleed-air-switch-lapse-preceded-tui-737-cabin-altitude-incident/160774.article" class="image"><img alt="G-TAWD-c-Alan Wilson Creative Commons" class="lazyloaded" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1179px) 100px, 220px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/5/3/106253_gtawdcalanwilsoncreativecommons_941848.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/5/3/106253_gtawdcalanwilsoncreativecommons_941848.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x147/2/5/3/106253_gtawdcalanwilsoncreativecommons_941848.jpg 220w" width="100" height="67" /></a></p><div class="subSleeve"><span class="story-type"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a></span><h2><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/bleed-air-switch-lapse-preceded-tui-737-cabin-altitude-incident/160774.article">Bleed-air switch lapse preceded TUI 737 cabin-altitude incident</a></h2><p class="intro">Pilots of a Boeing 737-800 did not notice that the aircraft’s bleed-air system was not active before the jet took off from Manchester, triggering a cabin-altitude warning that remained active for over 40min.</p></div></div></div><div class="spinLayout thumb onecol right hasPicture"><div class="sleeve"><p class="picture"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/air-transport/ge-and-nasa-hope-codex-tests-will-write-new-chapter-on-contrail-formation/160775.article" class="image"><img alt="GE testbed-c-GE Aerospace" class="lazyloaded" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1179px) 100px, 220px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/5/4/106254_getestbedcgeaerospace_570594.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/5/4/106254_getestbedcgeaerospace_570594.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x147/2/5/4/106254_getestbedcgeaerospace_570594.jpg 220w" width="100" height="67" /></a></p><div class="subSleeve"><span class="story-type"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a></span><h2><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/air-transport/ge-and-nasa-hope-codex-tests-will-write-new-chapter-on-contrail-formation/160775.article">GE and NASA hope CODEX tests will write new chapter on contrail formation</a></h2><p class="intro">GE Aerospace is partnering with NASA to carry out a series of flight tests designed to improve the industry’s understanding of contrails.</p></div></div></div><div class="spinLayout thumb onecol left hasPicture"><div class="sleeve"><p class="picture"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/unsecured-cargo-container-shifted-as-737-400-freighter-descended-towards-edinburgh/160761.article" class="image"><img alt="G-JMCZ-c-Rob Hodgkins Creative Commons" class="lazyloaded" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1179px) 100px, 220px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/2/2/106222_gjmczcrobhodgkinscreativecommons_142960.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/2/2/106222_gjmczcrobhodgkinscreativecommons_142960.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x147/2/2/2/106222_gjmczcrobhodgkinscreativecommons_142960.jpg 220w" width="100" height="67" /></a></p><div class="subSleeve"><span class="story-type"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a></span><h2><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/unsecured-cargo-container-shifted-as-737-400-freighter-descended-towards-edinburgh/160761.article">Unsecured cargo container shifted as 737-400 freighter descended towards Edinburgh</a></h2><p class="intro">Investigators have been unable to determine precisely why a cargo container on board a Boeing 737-400 freighter was not secured, causing it to shift in flight during a service to Edinburgh.</p></div></div></div><div class="spinLayout thumb onecol right hasPicture"><div class="sleeve"><p class="picture"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/qantas-a380-operated-34-cycles-with-lost-tool-in-engine/160766.article" class="image"><img alt="Qantas A380 tool incident" class="lazyloaded" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1179px) 100px, 220px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/3/3/106233_qantasa380toolincident_868941.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/3/3/106233_qantasa380toolincident_868941.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x147/2/3/3/106233_qantasa380toolincident_868941.jpg 220w" width="100" height="67" /></a></p><div class="subSleeve"><span class="story-type"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a></span><h2><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/qantas-a380-operated-34-cycles-with-lost-tool-in-engine/160766.article">Qantas A380 operated 34 cycles with lost tool in engine</a></h2><p class="intro">The Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) has underlined the risk of foreign object debris after a Qantas Airways A380 operated 34 cycles with a turning tool in an engine.</p></div></div></div><div class="spinLayout thumb onecol left item-penultimate hasPicture"><div class="sleeve"><p class="picture"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/no-wing-walkers-present-before-virgin-787s-pushback-collision-with-ba-a350/160752.article" class="image"><img alt="Virgin 787 G-VDIA-c-John Taggart Creative Commons" class="lazyloaded" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1179px) 100px, 220px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/0/7/106207_virgin787gvdiacjohntaggartcreativecommons_320689.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/2/0/7/106207_virgin787gvdiacjohntaggartcreativecommons_320689.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x147/2/0/7/106207_virgin787gvdiacjohntaggartcreativecommons_320689.jpg 220w" width="100" height="67" /></a></p><div class="subSleeve"><span class="story-type"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a></span><h2><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/no-wing-walkers-present-before-virgin-787s-pushback-collision-with-ba-a350/160752.article">No wing-walkers present before Virgin 787’s pushback collision with BA A350</a></h2><p class="intro">UK investigators have determined that a Virgin Atlantic Boeing 787-9 was being pushed back without assistance from dedicated wing-walkers when it collided with a British Airway Airbus A350-1000 at London Heathrow.</p></div></div></div><div class="spinLayout thumb onecol right item-last hasPicture"><div class="sleeve"><p class="picture"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/wizz-air-new-crew-procedures-helping-to-cut-gps-interference-impact/160736.article" class="image"><img alt="Wizz A321neo-c-Wizz Air" class="lazyloaded" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1179px) 100px, 220px" src="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/1/8/6/106186_wizza321neocwizzair_900630.jpg" srcset="https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/100x67/1/8/6/106186_wizza321neocwizzair_900630.jpg 100w,https://d3lcr32v2pp4l1.cloudfront.net/Pictures/220x147/1/8/6/106186_wizza321neocwizzair_900630.jpg 220w" width="100" height="67" /></a></p><div class="subSleeve"><span class="story-type"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/news/1013.type" class="storyType">News</a></span><h2><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/wizz-air-new-crew-procedures-helping-to-cut-gps-interference-impact/160736.article">Wizz Air: New crew procedures helping to cut GPS interference impact</a></h2><p class="intro">Central European budget carrier Wizz Air has recorded a decline in spurious terrain warnings since implementing defensive crew procedures against GPS spoofing and interference earlier this year.</p></div></div></div><p class="more"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/all-safety-news/303.more?navcode=47">All Safety News</a></p></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="rightcolumn" class="fluidrightcolumn rightcolumn"> <div id="rightcolumn_sleeve"> <div id="mainright" class="area"> <div class="grid"> <div class="oneColumn"> <div class="columnContainer"> <div class="column columnOne"> <div class="newsletterSignup" data-ajax-load-content="" data-url="/newslettersignup?wid=12&navcode=33" data-cache-bust="true"> <header></header> <intro></intro> <newsletter></newsletter> <newsletter></newsletter> <newsletter></newsletter> <newsletter></newsletter> <newsletter></newsletter> <newsletter></newsletter> <newsletter></newsletter> <newsletter></newsletter> <senttotext></senttotext> <editlinktext></editlinktext> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="adwrap_MPU"><div class="ad"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1707670-sidebar1-1'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1707670-sidebar1-1'); }); </script> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="" data-ajax-load-content="" data-url="/ajax/most?rhs=1"></div>    </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="inner-sleeve"> <div id="foot" class="area"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer_ad"> <div class="footer_ad_strip"> <div class="ad"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" class="footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="container footerTopNavPageText"> <div class="inner-sleeve"> <div class="nav topNav"><ul><li class="first"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/contact-us">Contact us</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/about-us">About us</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/media-centre/">Advertise with us</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://jobs.flightglobal.com/" class="newWindow">Jobs</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/conferences-and-events">Conferences and Events</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/134637.article">Newsletters</a></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/paid-content">Paid content</a></li><li class="last"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/reports">Reports</a></li></ul></div><div class="footer-col-1"> <header> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="279" height="70.626" viewBox="0 0 279 70.626"> <g id="FlightGlobalLogo" transform="translate(-128 -3411.612)"> <path id="Path_1" data-name="Path 1" d="M26.722,5.271v6.505H38.161V23.215h6.505V5.271Z" transform="translate(131.339 3406.341)" fill="#1cb8ff"/> <path id="Path_2" data-name="Path 2" d="M31.34,35.452H13.012V22.7H31.327V16.18L6.493,16.2V57.614h6.519V41.971H31.34Z" transform="translate(121.507 3411.643)" fill="#fff"/> <g id="Group_1" data-name="Group 1" transform="translate(258.955 3427.941)"> <path id="Path_3" data-name="Path 3" d="M131.291,54.427a33.633,33.633,0,0,1-16.108,3.849,22.779,22.779,0,0,1-8.277-1.456A18.556,18.556,0,0,1,96.158,46.29a21.6,21.6,0,0,1-1.54-8.3,22.536,22.536,0,0,1,1.54-8.494,19.039,19.039,0,0,1,4.262-6.516,18.7,18.7,0,0,1,6.486-4.15,22.779,22.779,0,0,1,8.277-1.458,31.437,31.437,0,0,1,8.356,1.073,17.192,17.192,0,0,1,6.983,3.822l-5.113,5.168a12.817,12.817,0,0,0-4.535-2.806,16.079,16.079,0,0,0-5.636-.99,13.483,13.483,0,0,0-5.47,1.073,12.5,12.5,0,0,0-4.207,2.969,13.458,13.458,0,0,0-2.721,4.425,15.142,15.142,0,0,0-.961,5.443,16.691,16.691,0,0,0,.961,5.773,13.522,13.522,0,0,0,2.721,4.564,12.621,12.621,0,0,0,4.207,3.024,13.176,13.176,0,0,0,5.47,1.1,23.973,23.973,0,0,0,4.975-.5,14.111,14.111,0,0,0,4.152-1.54V40.792h-7.973V34.524h14.9Z" transform="translate(-94.618 -15.72)" fill="#fff"/> <path id="Path_4" data-name="Path 4" d="M122.539,16.259h6.6V57.826h-6.6Z" transform="translate(-81.048 -16.259)" fill="#fff"/> <path id="Path_5" data-name="Path 5" d="M129.2,39.883a13.945,13.945,0,0,1,1.128-5.69,13.256,13.256,0,0,1,3.051-4.372,13.447,13.447,0,0,1,4.564-2.8,16.381,16.381,0,0,1,11.215,0,13.453,13.453,0,0,1,4.565,2.8,13.3,13.3,0,0,1,3.051,4.372,14.92,14.92,0,0,1,0,11.381,13.278,13.278,0,0,1-3.051,4.37,13.453,13.453,0,0,1-4.565,2.8,16.381,16.381,0,0,1-11.215,0,13.447,13.447,0,0,1-4.564-2.8,13.234,13.234,0,0,1-3.051-4.37A13.952,13.952,0,0,1,129.2,39.883Zm6.6,0a8.538,8.538,0,0,0,.523,2.971,7.418,7.418,0,0,0,1.538,2.528,7.8,7.8,0,0,0,11.381,0,7.445,7.445,0,0,0,1.54-2.528,8.692,8.692,0,0,0,0-5.94,7.466,7.466,0,0,0-1.54-2.529,7.8,7.8,0,0,0-11.381,0,7.439,7.439,0,0,0-1.538,2.529A8.536,8.536,0,0,0,135.8,39.883Z" transform="translate(-77.809 -11.512)" fill="#fff"/> <path id="Path_6" data-name="Path 6" d="M150.6,16.259h6.6V34.788h.165a9.382,9.382,0,0,1,1.265-1.346,10.05,10.05,0,0,1,1.868-1.291,11.287,11.287,0,0,1,2.531-.99,12.7,12.7,0,0,1,3.3-.386,12.37,12.37,0,0,1,5.17,1.073,12.052,12.052,0,0,1,4.04,2.941,13.576,13.576,0,0,1,2.611,4.4,15.6,15.6,0,0,1,.935,5.443,16.451,16.451,0,0,1-.88,5.445,12.567,12.567,0,0,1-2.584,4.4,12.188,12.188,0,0,1-4.122,2.941,13.3,13.3,0,0,1-5.443,1.071,12.456,12.456,0,0,1-5.223-1.1,8.481,8.481,0,0,1-3.85-3.519h-.108v3.959H150.6ZM172.483,44.63a8.569,8.569,0,0,0-.523-2.969,7.464,7.464,0,0,0-1.54-2.529,7.8,7.8,0,0,0-11.381,0,7.466,7.466,0,0,0-1.539,2.529,8.692,8.692,0,0,0,0,5.94,7.445,7.445,0,0,0,1.539,2.528,7.8,7.8,0,0,0,11.381,0,7.443,7.443,0,0,0,1.54-2.528A8.571,8.571,0,0,0,172.483,44.63Z" transform="translate(-67.411 -16.259)" fill="#fff"/> <path id="Path_7" data-name="Path 7" d="M188.849,49.45h-.166a8.505,8.505,0,0,1-3.627,3.272,11.4,11.4,0,0,1-4.84,1.016,12.841,12.841,0,0,1-3.546-.495,9.569,9.569,0,0,1-3.079-1.485,7.618,7.618,0,0,1-2.173-2.474,7.017,7.017,0,0,1-.825-3.464,7.965,7.965,0,0,1,.77-3.656,7.517,7.517,0,0,1,2.063-2.529,10.483,10.483,0,0,1,3-1.623,20.476,20.476,0,0,1,3.547-.906,31.3,31.3,0,0,1,3.711-.385q1.87-.082,3.519-.083h1.651v-.715a4.287,4.287,0,0,0-1.706-3.711,7.207,7.207,0,0,0-4.344-1.238,10.217,10.217,0,0,0-3.9.743,9.924,9.924,0,0,0-3.134,2.006L172.3,30.261a12.777,12.777,0,0,1,5.142-3.244,18.92,18.92,0,0,1,6.076-.99,15.276,15.276,0,0,1,4.727.633,10.44,10.44,0,0,1,3.19,1.621,7.2,7.2,0,0,1,1.951,2.283,10.613,10.613,0,0,1,.99,2.611,14.592,14.592,0,0,1,.358,2.557q.053,1.237.055,2.171V53.078h-5.938Zm-.385-8.192h-1.376c-.915,0-1.944.037-3.078.11a16.2,16.2,0,0,0-3.217.523,7.373,7.373,0,0,0-2.557,1.21,2.64,2.64,0,0,0-1.043,2.228,2.81,2.81,0,0,0,.412,1.566,3.7,3.7,0,0,0,1.073,1.071,4.465,4.465,0,0,0,1.483.633,7.181,7.181,0,0,0,1.65.192q3.408,0,5.032-1.621a5.985,5.985,0,0,0,1.623-4.427Z" transform="translate(-57.693 -11.512)" fill="#fff"/> <path id="Path_8" data-name="Path 8" d="M189.8,16.259h6.6V57.826h-6.6Z" transform="translate(-48.357 -16.259)" fill="#fff"/> </g> <rect id="Rectangle_1" data-name="Rectangle 1" width="6.505" height="41.371" transform="translate(156.567 3427.857)" fill="#fff"/> <rect id="Rectangle_2" data-name="Rectangle 2" width="6.505" height="26.022" transform="translate(168.354 3443.206)" fill="#fff"/> <path id="Path_9" data-name="Path 9" d="M62.468,30.647h-.11a8.374,8.374,0,0,0-3.794-3.468,12.316,12.316,0,0,0-5.151-1.085,13.067,13.067,0,0,0-5.394,1.057,12.123,12.123,0,0,0-4.039,2.9,12.4,12.4,0,0,0-2.547,4.338,16.233,16.233,0,0,0-.868,5.366,14.591,14.591,0,0,0,.921,5.206,12.405,12.405,0,0,0,2.629,4.229,12.752,12.752,0,0,0,4.094,2.846,13,13,0,0,0,5.313,1.057,12.589,12.589,0,0,0,4.77-.948A8.6,8.6,0,0,0,62.035,49.3h.107v1.9a14.459,14.459,0,0,1-.406,3.552,6.853,6.853,0,0,1-1.355,2.736,6.35,6.35,0,0,1-2.549,1.789,10.45,10.45,0,0,1-3.931.651,11.52,11.52,0,0,1-4.879-.975,15.96,15.96,0,0,1-4.066-2.765l-3.9,5.314a15.367,15.367,0,0,0,6.017,3.36,25.106,25.106,0,0,0,6.885.921,17.986,17.986,0,0,0,6.559-1.083A12.094,12.094,0,0,0,65.1,61.631,12.351,12.351,0,0,0,67.779,56.8a21.811,21.811,0,0,0,.868-6.369V26.745H62.468Zm-.542,11.982a6.823,6.823,0,0,1-1.545,2.412,7.443,7.443,0,0,1-2.44,1.6,8.325,8.325,0,0,1-3.225.6,7.7,7.7,0,0,1-3.036-.6,7.527,7.527,0,0,1-2.44-1.627,7.352,7.352,0,0,1-1.6-2.384,7.457,7.457,0,0,1-.569-2.927,8.516,8.516,0,0,1,.569-3.171,6.914,6.914,0,0,1,3.984-4.011,8.276,8.276,0,0,1,3.144-.571,7.188,7.188,0,0,1,7.7,7.643A8.433,8.433,0,0,1,61.926,42.629Z" transform="translate(138.067 3416.462)" fill="#fff"/> <path id="Path_10" data-name="Path 10" d="M85.765,34.046a8.353,8.353,0,0,0-2.954-2.277,10.2,10.2,0,0,0-4.418-.868,8.553,8.553,0,0,0-4.962,1.329,7.59,7.59,0,0,0-2.682,2.954h-.108V16.206l-12.96,0v6.482h6.454V57.574h6.506V43.37a9.438,9.438,0,0,1,.325-2.5,5.832,5.832,0,0,1,1.057-2.113A5.289,5.289,0,0,1,73.867,37.3a6.194,6.194,0,0,1,2.737-.542,4.121,4.121,0,0,1,2.656.786A4.677,4.677,0,0,1,80.7,39.495a8.653,8.653,0,0,1,.569,2.492c.073.887.108,1.69.108,2.412V57.574H87.88V41.146a14.9,14.9,0,0,0-.489-3.847A8.611,8.611,0,0,0,85.765,34.046Z" transform="translate(146.385 3411.655)" fill="#fff"/> <path id="Path_11" data-name="Path 11" d="M99.725,34.53V29H92.57V21.455H86.064V29h-7.5a13.074,13.074,0,0,1,2.45,5.529h5.052V46.457a19.963,19.963,0,0,0,.369,4.012,6.273,6.273,0,0,0,1.3,2.905,5.63,5.63,0,0,0,2.6,1.736,13.534,13.534,0,0,0,4.25.563,20.671,20.671,0,0,0,2.624-.195,8.3,8.3,0,0,0,2.514-.673V49.321a3.76,3.76,0,0,1-1.626.629,10.2,10.2,0,0,1-1.887.195A3.224,3.224,0,0,1,93.307,49a5.722,5.722,0,0,1-.737-3.079V34.53Z" transform="translate(156.533 3414.207)" fill="#fff"/> </g> </svg> </header> <div class="content"> <p>FlightGlobal is the global aviation community’s primary source of news, data, insight, knowledge and expertise. We provide news, data, analytics and advisory services to connect the aviation community globally and help organisations shape their business strategies, identify new opportunities and make better decisions faster.</p> </div> </div> <div class="footer-col-2"> <div>  <div class="newsletterSignup" data-cache-bust="true" data-ajax-load-content="" data-url="/newslettersignup?wid=12&navcode=33" data-cache-bust="true"> <header><![CDATA[Never miss a beat with FlightGlobal newsletters]]></header> <intro><![CDATA[Get news and analysis direct to your inbox by selecting from our portfolio of newsletters.]]></intro> <newsletter><![CDATA[FGABWB]]></newsletter> <newsletter><![CDATA[FGAE]]></newsletter> <newsletter><![CDATA[FGDE]]></newsletter> <newsletter><![CDATA[FGFIWB]]></newsletter> <newsletter><![CDATA[FGJ]]></newsletter> <newsletter><![CDATA[FGSI]]></newsletter> <newsletter><![CDATA[FGEU]]></newsletter> <senttotext><![CDATA[Sent to:]]></senttotext> <editlinktext><![CDATA[Edit details]]></editlinktext> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container bottomNav"><div class="inner-sleeve"><ul><li class="first"><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/announcements">Announcements</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/faqs-flightglobal-premium/138587.article">FAQs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/topics-a-z">Topics A-Z</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/134641.article">Terms and conditions</a></li><li><a href="https://www.flightglobal.com/134640.article">Cookie policy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.dvvmediainternational.com/policies1/privacy-policy/" class="newWindow">Privacy policy</a></li><li class="last"><a href="https://www.dvvmediainternational.com/" class="newWindow">© DVV Media International Limited</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="bottom"> <div class="container footerBottomNavPageText"> <div class="inner-sleeve"> <div class="footerSocial"> <span class="footerSocialText">Follow us on social media</span> <ul> <li class="footerSocialFacebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/flightglobal" title="Connect with us on Facebook">Connect with us on Facebook</a> </li> <li class="footerSocialTwitter" title="Connect with us on Twitter"> <a href="https://twitter.com/FlightGlobal">Connect with us on Twitter</a> </li> <li class="footerSocialLinkedin" title="Connect with us on Linked In"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/flightglobal/">Connect with us on Linked in</a> </li> <li class="footerSocialEmail" title="Email us"> <a href="mailto:info@flightglobal.com">Email us</a> </li> <li class="footerSocialYoutube" title="Connect with us on Youtube"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/Flightglobal/">Connect with us on Youtube</a> </li> </ul> </div> <p class="webvision">Site powered by <a href="https://www.abacusemedia.com/webvisioncloud">Webvision Cloud</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="/Magazine/core.js?p=7513768097380831" defer></script>  <div id="GlobalEME"></div> <script>(function(w,d,t,u,c,b,m,s,n,i,e,p){(w[n]=w[n]||[]).push(arguments);e=d.createElement(t);p=d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0];e.async=1;e.src=u+'/scripts/eme.js';p.parentNode.insertBefore(e,p);})(window,document,'script','https://emeapi.abacusemedia.com','DVVFG','FG','GlobalSlideUp','#GlobalEME','EMEObject','FullNavPath,engaged,UserID,conv_region');</script> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fancybox/3.4.1/jquery.fancybox.min.js"></script> <script> $('[data-fancybox]').fancybox({ toolbar: false, smallBtn: true, iframe: { preload: false } }) </script>    </body> </html>