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Hafez al-Assad - Wikipedia
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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hafez al-Assad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 81 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF" title="حافظ الأسد – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حافظ الأسد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AF" title="حافظ الاسد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حافظ الاسد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Asad" title="Hafez al-Asad – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hafez al-Asad" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafiz_%C6%8Fs%C9%99d" title="Hafiz Əsəd – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hafiz Əsəd" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D2%99_%D3%98%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B4" title="Хафиҙ Әсәд – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хафиҙ Әсәд" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Хафез Асад – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хафез Асад" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Хафез ал-Асад – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хафез ал-Асад" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="হাফেজ আল-আসাদ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাফেজ আল-আসাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-%C3%80ssad" title="Hafez al-Àssad – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hafez al-Àssad" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B2_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%AF" title="حافز ئەسەد – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="حافز ئەسەد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1fiz_al-Asad" title="Háfiz al-Asad – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Háfiz al-Asad" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafiz_al-Assad" title="Hafiz al-Assad – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hafiz al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AD%CE%B6_%CE%B1%CE%BB_%CE%86%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Χαφέζ αλ Άσαντ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαφέζ αλ Άσαντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Asad" title="Hafez al-Asad – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hafez al-Asad" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1fez_al-%C3%81sad" title="Háfez al-Ásad – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Háfez al-Ásad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A8%C4%81fiz%CC%A7_al-Asad" title="Ḩāfiz̧ al-Asad – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ḩāfiz̧ al-Asad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AF" title="حافظ اسد – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حافظ اسد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafiz_al-Assad" title="Hafiz al-Assad – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hafiz al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_el-Assad" title="Hafez el-Assad – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hafez el-Assad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%96_%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%93" title="חאפז אל-אסד – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חאפז אל-אסד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Asad" title="Hafez al-Asad – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hafez al-Asad" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1fez_el-Aszad" title="Háfez el-Aszad – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Háfez el-Aszad" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%A6_%D5%A1%D5%AC-%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Հաֆեզ ալ-Ասադ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հաֆեզ ալ-Ասադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%A7%D5%A6_%D4%B1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BF" title="Հաֆէզ Ասատ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հաֆէզ Ասատ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafiz_al-Asad" title="Hafiz al-Asad – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hafiz al-Asad" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B5%E3%83%89" title="ハーフィズ・アル=アサド – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハーフィズ・アル=アサド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%96_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ჰაფეზ ასადი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰაფეზ ასადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofiz_Asad" title="Hofiz Asad – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Hofiz Asad" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D3%99%D0%BB-%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Хафиз әл-Асад – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хафиз әл-Асад" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%ED%8E%98%EC%A6%88_%EC%95%8C%EC%95%84%EC%82%AC%EB%93%9C" title="하페즈 알아사드 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하페즈 알아사드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Хафез Асад – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хафез Асад" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A4%C4%81fi%E1%BA%93_al-Asad" title="Ḥāfiẓ al-Asad – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ḥāfiẓ al-Asad" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafezas_al-Asadas" title="Hafezas al-Asadas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hafezas al-Asadas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%81fizs_al_Asads" title="Hāfizs al Asads – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hāfizs al Asads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9D_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="हाफेझ अल-असाद – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हाफेझ अल-असाद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AC%E1%80%96%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%86%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ဟာဖစ်အာဆတ် – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟာဖစ်အာဆတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8_%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AF" title="حافظ ال-اسد – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="حافظ ال-اسد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafiz_al-Assad" title="Hafiz al-Assad – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hafiz al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafiz_al-Asad" title="Hafiz al-Asad – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hafiz al-Asad" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AF" title="حافظ الاسد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="حافظ الاسد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AF" title="حافظ الاسد – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="حافظ الاسد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Асад, Хафез – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Асад, Хафез" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafiz_al-Assad" title="Hafiz al-Assad – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Hafiz al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Asad" title="Hafez al-Asad – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hafez al-Asad" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al_Asad" title="Hafez al Asad – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hafez al Asad" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafiz_el-Asad" title="Hafiz el-Asad – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hafiz el-Asad" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Хафиз ел Асад – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хафиз ел Асад" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="அபீஸ் அல் ஆசாத் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அபீஸ் அல் ஆசாத்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ҳофиз Асад – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳофиз Асад" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafiz_%C6%8Fs%C9%99d" title="Hafiz Əsəd – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hafiz Əsəd" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haf%C4%B1z_Esad" title="Hafız Esad – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hafız Esad" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%89%D8%B2_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%AF" title="ھافىز ئەسەد – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھافىز ئەسەد" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Хафез аль-Асад – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хафез аль-Асад" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AF" title="حافظ الاسد – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حافظ الاسد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofiz_Asad" title="Hofiz Asad – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hofiz Asad" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hafez al-Assad" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%8F%B2%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%90%A8%E5%BE%B7" title="哈菲兹·阿萨德 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈菲兹·阿萨德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%96_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ჰაფეზ ასადი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰაფეზ ასადი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%96_%D7%A2%D7%9C-%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%93" title="כאפעז על-אסאד – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כאפעז על-אסאד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%8F%B2%E5%85%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%90%A8%E5%BE%B7" title="哈菲兹·阿萨德 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈菲兹·阿萨德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q118725#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Hafez_al_Assad_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Hafez_al_Assad_portrait.jpg/220px-Hafez_al_Assad_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Hafez_al_Assad_portrait.jpg/330px-Hafez_al_Assad_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Hafez_al_Assad_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hafez al-Assad</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabies" title="Arabies">Arabies</a>: حافظ الأسد '<b>Ḥāfiẓ al-ʾAsad'</b>, Levantynse Arabies<small>:</small> [ˈħaːfezˤ elˈʔasad], Moderne standaard <small>Arabies:</small> [ħaːfɪðˤ al'ʔasad]; <a href="/wiki/6_Oktober" title="6 Oktober">6 Oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1930" title="1930">1930</a> - <a href="/wiki/10_Junie" title="10 Junie">10 Junie</a> <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>) was 'n Siriese politikus wat van 1971 tot 2000 as president van <a href="/wiki/Siri%C3%AB" title="Sirië">Sirië</a> gedien het. Hy was ook premier van 1970 tot 1971, asook streeksekretaris van die Streekbevel van die Siriese streekstak van die Arabiese Sosialistiese Ba'ath-party en sekretaris-generaal van die nasionale bevel van die Ba'ath-party van 1970 tot 2000. </p><p>Assad het aan die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siriese_staatsgreep_in_1963&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siriese staatsgreep in 1963 (bladsy bestaan nie)">Siriese staatsgreep in 1963</a> deelgeneem, wat die Siriese streekstak van die Arabiese Sosialistiese Ba'ath-party aan bewind gebring het, en die nuwe leierskap het hom aangestel as bevelvoerder van die Siriese lugmag. In 1966 neem Assad deel aan 'n tweede staatsgreep, wat die tradisionele leiers van die Ba'ath-party omver gewerp het en 'n radikale militêre faksie onder leiding van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salah_Jadid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salah Jadid (bladsy bestaan nie)">Salah Jadid</a> aan bewind gebring het. Assad is deur die nuwe regering as minister van verdediging aangestel. Vier jaar later het Assad 'n derde staatsgreep geïnisieer wat Jadid verdryf en homself aangestel het as die onbetwiste leier van Sirië. </p><p>Assad het die Ba'ath-regering de-radikaliseer toe hy die mag oorgeneem het deur meer ruimte aan private eiendom te gee en die land se buitelandse betrekkinge met lande te versterk wat sy voorganger as reaksionêr beskou het. Hy het tydens die <a href="/wiki/Koue_Oorlog" title="Koue Oorlog">Koue Oorlog</a> op die beurt by die <a href="/wiki/Sowjetunie" title="Sowjetunie">Sowjetunie</a> gestaan op sy beurt vir steun teen Israel, en terwyl hy die pan-Arabiese konsep van die vereniging van die Arabiese wêreld in een Arabiese nasie laat vaar het, het hy probeer om Sirië te verdedig van die Arabiese belange teen Israel. . Toe hy aan bewind kom, het Assad staatsdienste volgens sektariese grense georganiseer (die Sunniërs het die hoofde van politieke instellings geword, terwyl die Alawiete die leër oor militêre, intelligensie en veiligheidsapparate oorgeneem het). Die vroeëre kollegiale magte van die Baath-besluitneming is ingekort en na die Siriese presidentskap oorgeplaas. Die Siriese regering het in die normale sin van die woord opgehou om 'n eenpartystelsel te wees, en is verander in 'n eenpartystaat met 'n sterk presidentskap. Om hierdie stelsel te handhaaf, is 'n persoonlikheidskultus wat op Assad en sy gesin gesentreer is, geskep deur die president en die Ba'ath-party. </p><p>Nadat Assad die belangrikste inisiatiefbron in die Siriese regering geword het, het Assad na 'n opvolger begin soek. Sy eerste keuse was sy broer Rifaat, maar Rifaat het probeer om die mag in 1983–84 aan te gryp toe Hafez se gesondheid twyfel. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifaat_al-Assad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rifaat al-Assad (bladsy bestaan nie)">Rifaat</a> is daarna in ballingskap gebring toe Hafez se gesondheid herstel het. Hafez se volgende keuse as opvolger was sy oudste seun, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bassel_al-Assad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bassel al-Assad (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bassel</a>. Bassel is egter in 1994 in 'n motorongeluk oorlede, en Hafez draai na sy derde keuse - sy jonger seun Bashar, wat destyds geen politieke ervaring gehad het nie. Hierdie skuif is binne sommige kwartale van die Siriese regerende klas met kritiek beywer, maar Assad het volgehou met sy plan en het verskeie amptenare wat teen hierdie opvolging gekant was, gedemoveer. 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class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1454603">1454603</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/46790521">46790521</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/46790521">46790521</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐98hqk Cached time: 20241123052249 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.076 seconds Real time usage: 0.109 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 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