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Homme d'État hongrois né à Košice (Slovaquie), Gyula Andrássy appartient à une vieille famille dont l'idéal fut toujours la défense des libertés nationales. Tout jeune, il se lie avec Kossuth, dont il approuve alors les tendances radicales...." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/gyula-andrassy/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="fr_FR" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Encyclopædia Universalis" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.universalis.fr/_web/static/icons/favicon.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="256" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="252" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Biographie de GYULA ANDRÁSSY comte (1823-1890)" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Biographie de GYULA ANDRÁSSY comte (1823-1890). Homme d'État hongrois né à Košice (Slovaquie), Gyula Andrássy appartient à une vieille famille dont l'idéal fut toujours la défense des libertés nationales. Tout jeune, il se lie avec Kossuth, dont il approuve alors les tendances radicales...." /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@universalisfr" /> <meta name="location" content="France" /> <meta name="rating" content="General" /> <meta name="distribution" content="Global" /> <meta name="resource-type" content="document" /> <meta name="copyright" content="© Copyright 2024 - Universalis" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Universalis" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" /> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default" /> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no,date=no,address=no,email=no,url=no" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_shared/pub/pub.css?1730108805" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_web/assets/css/home.css?1730119190" media="all"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/_web/assets/css/classification.css?1730119190" media="all"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/gyula-andrassy/" /> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Biographie de GYULA ANDR\u00c1SSY comte (1823-1890)","headline":"Biographie de GYULA ANDR\u00c1SSY comte (1823-1890)","description":"Biographie de GYULA ANDR\u00c1SSY comte (1823-1890). Homme d'\u00c9tat hongrois n\u00e9 \u00e0 Ko\u0161ice (Slovaquie), Gyula Andr\u00e1ssy appartient \u00e0 une vieille famille dont l'id\u00e9al fut toujours la d\u00e9fense des libert\u00e9s nationales. Tout jeune, il se lie avec Kossuth, dont il approuve alors les tendances radicales. Apr\u00e8s des \u00e9tudes de droit \u00e0 Pest, il participe \u00e0 la vie politique locale et repr\u00e9sente sa circonscription ( comitat ) de Zemplen \u00e0 la di\u00e8te de Presbourg de 1847\u00a0; s'il accueille favorablement la r\u00e9volution de mars 1848, son enthousiasme est n\u00e9anmoins temp\u00e9r\u00e9 par les le\u00e7ons qu'il avait retir\u00e9es d'un voyage d'\u00e9tudes en Europe occidentale. 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data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="content whole type-biographie" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yT228721_0"><i class="anchor" id="yT228721_0"></i><p> Homme d'État hongrois né à Košice (Slovaquie), Gyula Andrássy appartient à une vieille famille dont l'idéal fut toujours la défense des libertés nationales. Tout jeune, il se lie avec Kossuth, dont il approuve alors les tendances radicales. Après des études de droit à Pest, il participe à la vie politique locale et représente sa circonscription (<em>comitat</em>) de Zemplen à la diète de Presbourg de 1847 ; s'il accueille favorablement la révolution de mars 1848, son enthousiasme est néanmoins tempéré par les leçons qu'il avait retirées d'un voyage d'études en Europe occidentale. Aussi, contrairement à beaucoup de ses compatriotes, il comprend que la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Pays continental et plat, situé à l'est de l' Autriche , dans un espace entouré par les Carpates – espace qu'elle partage avec la Slovaquie , la Transylvanie roumaine, le nord de la Serbie , de la Croatie et de la Slovénie –, la Hongrie est l'un des États les plus anciens de l'Europe centre-orientale. Réduite en 1920 à un tiers de son territoire d'autrefois, elle s'étend su..." title="Article : HONGRIE" href="/encyclopedie/hongrie/">Hongrie</a>, ne pouvant rester isolée, a absolument besoin de l'appui de la nation allemande ; c'est pourquoi toute sa vie Andrássy reste un partisan convaincu de l'alliance autrichienne. Au cours de la révolution de 1848, il ne joue, à vrai dire, qu'un rôle de second plan. D'abord commandant d'un bataillon de volontaires, il représente ensuite le gouvernement de Kossuth à Istanbul. Cette mission diplomatique lui ouvre le chemin de l'exil, qui le conduit d'abord à Londres puis à Paris. Durant neuf ans, il réfléchit aux moyens de restaurer la liberté et l'indépendance de son pays, mais il se tient à l'écart de Teleki et de Kossuth ; il se persuade finalement de la nécessité de parvenir à un accord avec les Habsbourg. C'est là le secret de sa réussite : combattant de 1848, condamné à mort par un conseil de guerre autrichien en 1851, il a la confiance des patriotes, mais, modéré et germanophile, il souhaite en même temps collaborer avec la maison d'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Pays de 83 855 km 2 , l'Autriche, quoique deux fois plus vaste que la Suisse , est à peine plus peuplée (8,38 millions d'habitants en 2010) ; elle est aussi plus alpestre : les Alpes et les Préalpes couvrent près de 70 % du pays alors qu'elles n'occupent que 58 % du sol helvétique. La vigueur du relief y conditionne étroitement la vie régionale et l'économie nationale. Par cha..." title="Article : AUTRICHE" href="/encyclopedie/autriche/">Autriche</a> et la nation allemande.</p><p>Gracié, il rentre en Hongrie en 1858, mais n'est pas satisfait des premières concessions accordées par l'Autriche, le traité d'octobre 1860 ne reconnaissant ni la situation particulière de la Hongrie dans la monarchie danubienne ni les lois constitutionnelles hongroises. Or, si Andrássy est attaché au respect du droit d'État, il est hostile à une solution fédérale qui accorderait les mêmes droits aux Tchèques qu'aux Hongrois. Nommé vice-président de la diète en 1865, c'est lui qui négocie, avec François Deak, le compromis de 1867. Pour garantir l'indépendance respective de l'Autriche et de la Hongrie dans le cadre de la double monarchie, il imagine le système des deux délégations qui, désignées par les Parlements de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Capitale de la République fédérale d' Autriche , Vienne est à la fois une commune et l'un des neuf Länder fédéraux : s'étendant sur 415 kilomètres carrés, elle compte 1 678 000 habitants à la fin de 2007. Son agglomération ( Stadtregion ), qui a largement franchi les limites du Land , atteint 2 348 000 habitants à la même date.. Au centre de l'Europe, Vienne s'individu..." title="Article : VIENNE, Autriche" href="/encyclopedie/vienne-autriche/">Vienne</a> et de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Capitale de la Hongrie et siège du comté de Pest, Budapest est le centre politique, administratif, industriel et commercial du pays. Le site, habité sans interruption depuis la préhistoire, abrite désormais près d'un cinquième de la population hongroise. Autrefois surnommée la reine du Danube , Budapest est depuis longtemps le cœur battant du pays ainsi qu'un foyer culturel dynamique. ..." title="Article : BUDAPEST" href="/encyclopedie/budapest/">Budapest</a>, voteraient le budget commun.</p><p>Au cours des négociations, sa bonne foi et sa loyauté séduisent l'empereur François-Joseph, au point que celui-ci le nomme premier président du Conseil de la Hongrie restaurée. La tâche qui s'offre à lui est considérable, car s'il dispose de la majorité au Parlement hongrois, il lui faut créer de toutes pièces un État moderne à partir d'institutions médiévales. Il doit en outre lutter contre les forces d'opposition, les patriotes intransigeants, fidèles à Kossuth, qui veulent l'indépendance complète et les minorités nationales : Croates, Serbes, Slovaques, Roumains et Allemands.</p><p>Il réussit si vite et si bien qu'il joue un rôle décisif, au nom de son pays, dans la crise européenne de l'été 1870. Il s'oppose en effet à l'entrée en guerre de l'Autriche-Hongrie aux côtés de la France. Cette intervention consacre l'échec de la politique de revanche contre la Prusse ; le chancelier Beust démissionne et Andrássy lui succède en novembre 1871. C'est la première fois qu'un Hongrois devient ministre des Affaires étrangères de la monarchie depuis 1526. Il entreprend, avec l'appui de l'empereur François-Joseph, une politique nouvelle : l'Autriche-Hongrie renonce à tout espoir de revanche en Allemagne pour s'engager dans les Balkans, se préparant ainsi à devenir le « brillant second » de l'Empire allemand. 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<a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="T228721_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="BÉRENGER, Jean"><a title="Auteur : Jean BÉRENGER" rel="author" href="/auteurs/jean-berenger/"><strong>Jean BÉRENGER</strong></a> : professeur émérite à l'université de Paris-IV-Sorbonne </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : ANDRÁSSY GYULA comte (1823-1890)" href="/carte-mentale/gyula-andrassy/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yT228721_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire" href="/classification/histoire/"> Histoire </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Personnages historiques" href="/classification/histoire/personnages-historiques/"> Personnages historiques </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Personnages historiques, xixe s."> <a title="Classification : Personnages historiques, xixe s." href="/classification/histoire/personnages-historiques/personnages-historiques-xixe-s/"> Personnages historiques, <span class="pc">xix</span><sup>e</sup> s. </a> </li> </ol> </nav> <nav aria-label="Classification 2"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire" href="/classification/histoire/"> Histoire </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire par régions et pays" href="/classification/histoire/histoire-par-regions-et-pays/"> Histoire par régions et pays </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Histoire de l'Europe centrale et orientale" href="/classification/histoire/histoire-par-regions-et-pays/histoire-de-l-europe-centrale-et-orientale/"> Histoire de l'Europe centrale et orientale </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Hongrie, histoire"> <a title="Classification : Hongrie, histoire" href="/classification/histoire/histoire-par-regions-et-pays/histoire-de-l-europe-centrale-et-orientale/hongrie-histoire/"> Hongrie, histoire </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yT228721_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/hongrie/#c49183"> <span class="rg">HONGRIE</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author">Jean BÉRENGER</span> , <span rel="author">Lorant CZIGANY</span> , <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> , <span rel="author">Albert GYERGYAI</span> , <span rel="author">Pierre KENDE</span> , <span rel="author">Edith LHOMEL</span> , <span rel="author">Marie-Claude MAUREL</span> et <span rel="author">Fridrun RINNER</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">32 134 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">19 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : HONGRIE" href="/encyclopedie/hongrie/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Hongrie : carte physique - crédits : Encyclopædia Universalis France" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/2/csm_at009204_d19807be5f.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> ...Schwarzenberg ne fut victorieuse que grâce à l'aide des armées russes. La répression fut féroce ; la plupart des dirigeants qui n'avaient pas réussi, comme <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de GYULA ANDRÁSSY comte (1823-1890). Homme d'État hongrois né à Košice (Slovaquie), Gyula Andrássy appartient à une vieille famille dont l'idéal fut toujours la défense des libertés nationales. Tout jeune, il se lie avec Kossuth, dont il approuve alors les tendances radicales. Après des études de droit à Pest, il participe à la vie politique locale et représente sa circon..." title="Article : GYULA ANDRÁSSY comte (1823-1890)" href="/encyclopedie/gyula-andrassy/">Gyula Andrássy</a> ou Kossuth, à fuir en <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Vu de l'espace, le territoire de la Turquie est un grand quadrilatère (779 452 kilomètres carrés), comprenant l' Anatolie et la Thrace orientale, bordé au nord par la mer Noire , au sud par la Méditerranée et à l'ouest par la mer Égée s'allongeant d'est en ouest, tel un pont, entre le Caucase et les Balkans. La Turquie a des frontières terrestres, à l'ouest avec la Grèce ..." title="Article : TURQUIE" href="/encyclopedie/turquie/">Turquie</a> furent exécutés (des généraux, des ministres) et la Hongrie fut réduite au rang de province autrichienne,... </div> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_f303c484f7.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item d-none d-md-inline-block"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2024 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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