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href="https://aoir.org/aoir2025/">AoIR2025 is going to Niterói, Brazil</a></h2><div class="et_pb_slide_content"><p style="text-align: center;">The 26th annual meeting of the Association of Internet Researchers will be in Niterói, Brazil 15-18 October 2025.</p></div> <div class="et_pb_button_wrapper"><a class="et_pb_button et_pb_more_button" href="https://aoir.org/aoir2025/">More Info</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="et_pb_slide et_pb_slide_1 et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_media_alignment_center" data-slide-id="et_pb_slide_1"> <div class="et_pb_container clearfix"> <div class="et_pb_slider_container_inner"> <div class="et_pb_slide_description"> <h2 class="et_pb_slide_title"><a href="https://aoir.org/2025-flashpoint-symposium/">AoIR Flashpoint Symposium</a></h2><div class="et_pb_slide_content"><p><span>3-4 June 2025 • </span><span>Bremen, Germany<br />From Platform Governance to Generative AI: Concepts, Methods, and Data for Studying Tech Governance<br 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data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>The Association of Internet Researchers is a member-based, academic association dedicated to the promotion of critical and scholarly Internet research independent from traditional disciplines and existing across academic borders.</p> <p>If you’re interested in keeping up with the AoIR community, please consider joining our <a href="https://aoir.org/mailing-lists?customize_changeset_uuid=9cc8ff5f-3003-4548-9093-3c897ac4dd9e&amp;customize_messenger_channel=preview-0">mailing lists!</a></p> </div> </div></div> </div> </div><div class="et_pb_column et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column_2 et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough"> <div class="et_pb_module et_pb_text et_pb_text_1 et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light"> <div class="et_pb_text_inner"><div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0fd1051 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="0fd1051" data-element_type="widget" 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