Justia U.S. Supreme Court Center

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//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/supreme-court-extended.webp 1559w" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/supreme-court-extended-md.jpg 780w, //justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/supreme-court-extended.jpg 1559w" type="image/jpeg"> <img class="banner" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/supreme-court-extended.jpg" width="1559" height="600" alt="Banner image"> </picture> </div> <div class="block-banner clearfix -hide-medium-tablet"> <strong class="banner-title"> U.S. Supreme Court Center </strong> </div> </div> </div> <section class="stripes"> <div class="stripe-wrapper -full-size"> <div class="stripe-v2 highest-tribunal-stripe"> <div class="wrapper"> <h1 class="heading-1">Justia U.S. Supreme Court Center</h1> <div class="wrapper"> <p> As the highest court in the nation, the U.S. Supreme Court has shaped the rights and freedoms of Americans since the Founding. Justia provides a free collection of all U.S. Supreme Court decisions from 1791 to the present. We also offer opinion summaries, briefs, oral argument audio, and resources that provide a panoramic view of each case in its context. </p> </div> <div class="grid-wrapper--25 clearfix has-margin-top-50"> <div class="col--one-half"> <div class="text-center"> <a class="button button-xlarge" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Cases By Date Button" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Content" href="/cases/federal/us/"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/cases-by-date.svg" class="jicon -medium" style="pointer-events:none" role="img" title="Cases By Date"/> <div class="text-wrapper to-large-font" style="pointer-events:none"> <strong style="pointer-events:none">Cases by Date</strong> <span class="detailed-text" style="pointer-events:none"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col--one-half"> <div class="text-center"> <a class="button button-xlarge" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Cases By Topic Button" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Content" href="/cases-by-topic/"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/cases-by-topic.svg" class="jicon -medium" style="pointer-events:none" role="img" title="Cases By Topic"/> <div class="text-wrapper to-large-font" style="pointer-events:none"> <strong style="pointer-events:none">Cases by Topic</strong> <span class="detailed-text" style="pointer-events:none"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col--one-half"> <div class="text-center"> <a class="button button-xlarge" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Supreme Court History Button" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Content" href="/supreme-court-history/"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/history.svg" class="jicon -medium" style="pointer-events:none" role="img" title="Supreme Court History"/> <div class="text-wrapper to-large-font" style="pointer-events:none"> <strong style="pointer-events:none">Supreme Court History</strong> <span class="detailed-text" style="pointer-events:none"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col--one-half"> <div class="text-center"> <a class="button button-xlarge" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Supreme Court Justices Button" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Content" href="/justices/"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/justices.svg" class="jicon -medium" style="pointer-events:none" role="img" title="Supreme Court Justices"/> <div class="text-wrapper to-large-font" style="pointer-events:none"> <strong style="pointer-events:none">Supreme Court Justices</strong> <span class="detailed-text" style="pointer-events:none"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="has-padding-content-block-x2large has-no-top-padding font-opensans flex-columns -cols-gap-50 -cols-in-landscape-tablet width-100-v2 supreme-videos"> <div class="main-content wrapper has-padding-content-block-x2large has-no-top-padding has-no-bottom-padding"> <strong class="heading-3 text-center has-no-top-margin">Watch Our Supreme Court Term Previews & Reviews</strong> <div class="flex-col-wrapper"> <div class="flex-col width-50 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet"> <div class="lazyframe" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/VqNAHXOIt90" data-thumbnail="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/supreme/23-24-supreme-court-term-thumbnail.webp, //justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/supreme/23-24-supreme-court-term-thumbnail.jpg" data-vendor="youtube"></div> <div class="title-video text-center"> 2023-24 Supreme Court Term Preview </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-50 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet"> <div class="lazyframe" data-src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GAInRg7S9zc" data-thumbnail="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/supreme/key-ruling-from-23-24-supreme-court-term.webp, //justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/supreme/key-ruling-from-23-24-supreme-court-term.jpg" data-vendor="youtube"></div> <div class="title-video text-center"> Breaking Down the Bench: Key Rulings From the 2023-2024 Supreme Court Term </div> </div> </div> <div class="button-container text-center stripe-view has-margin-top-20"> <a href="/supreme-court-cases-preview-and-review-videos/" class="button button-ghost-transparent width-20 -v2" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="More Videos" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Content" >More Videos</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="has-padding-content-block-x2large font-opensans flex-columns -cols-gap-50 -cols-in-landscape-tablet width-100-v2 bg-wild-sand landmark-supreme"> <div class="main-content wrapper has-padding-content-block-x2large has-no-top-padding has-no-bottom-padding"> <strong class="heading-3 text-center has-margin-bottom-25">Landmark U.S. Supreme Court Cases</strong> <ul class="has-padding-full has-no-bottom-padding has-no-right-padding has-no-left-padding list-no-styles to-large-font list-gutter--normal list-columns-two list-columns-three has-margin-bottom-25 has-no-top-padding"> <li class="-collapsed-shown"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/abortion-reproductive-rights.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Abortion & Reproductive Rights"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Abortion & Reproductive Rights" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/abortion-reproductive-rights/"> Abortion & Reproductive Rights </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/antitrust.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Antitrust"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Antitrust" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/antitrust/"> Antitrust </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/climate-change-environment.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Climate Change & Environment"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Climate Change & Environment" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/climate-change-environment/"> Climate Change & Environment </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/copyrights.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Copyrights"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Copyrights" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/copyrights/"> Copyrights </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-shown"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/criminal-trials-prosecutions.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Criminal Trials & Prosecutions"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Criminal Trials & Prosecutions" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/criminal-trials-prosecutions/"> Criminal Trials & Prosecutions </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/death-penalty-criminal-sentencing.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Death Penalty & Criminal Sentencing"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Death Penalty & Criminal Sentencing" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/death-penalty-criminal-sentencing/"> Death Penalty & Criminal Sentencing </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-shown"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/due-process.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Due Process"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Due Process" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/due-process/"> Due Process </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-shown"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/equal-protection.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Equal Protection"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Equal Protection" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/equal-protection/"> Equal Protection </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-shown"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/free-speech.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Free Speech"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Free Speech" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/free-speech/"> Free Speech </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/government-agencies.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Government Agencies"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Government Agencies" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/government-agencies/"> Government Agencies </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/gun-rights.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Gun Rights"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Gun Rights" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/gun-rights/"> Gun 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src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/labor-employment.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Labor & Employment"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Labor & Employment" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/labor-employment/"> Labor & Employment </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/lawsuits-legal-procedures.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Lawsuits & Legal Procedures"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Lawsuits & Legal Procedures" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/lawsuits-legal-procedures/"> Lawsuits & Legal Procedures </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/lgbtq-rights.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="LGBTQ+ Rights"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="LGBTQ+ Rights" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/lgbtq-rights/"> LGBTQ+ Rights </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-shown"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/miranda-rights.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Miranda Rights"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Miranda Rights" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/miranda-rights/"> Miranda Rights </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/patents.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Patents"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Patents" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark 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class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Search & Seizure" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/search-seizure/"> Search & Seizure </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/separation-of-powers.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Separation of Powers"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Separation of Powers" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/separation-of-powers/"> Separation of Powers </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/taxes.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Taxes"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Taxes" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/taxes/"> Taxes </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/trademarks.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Trademarks"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Trademarks" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/trademarks/"> Trademarks </a> </span> </li> <li class="-collapsed-hidden hidden"> <img src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/icons/version2/cases/voting-elections.svg" class="jicon -medium"role="img" title="Voting & Elections"/> <span> <a class="case-text" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Voting & Elections" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Landmark Section" href="/cases-by-topic/voting-elections/"> Voting & Elections </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="button-container text-center stripe-view"> <a href="#" class="expand button button-ghost-transparent width-20 -v2" data-directive="j-expand" data-collapsed_class="hidden" data-expanded_class="shown" data-collapsed_text="View More" data-expanded_text="Show Less" data-elements=".-collapsed-hidden">View More</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="has-padding-content-block-x2large font-opensans flex-columns -cols-gap-50 -cols-in-landscape-tablet width-100-v2 recent-supreme-court"> <div class="main-content wrapper content-image-grid has-padding-content-block-x2large has-no-top-padding has-no-bottom-padding"> <strong class="heading-3 text-center has-margin-bottom-50">Recent U.S. Supreme Court Decisions</strong> <div class="content -wide"> <p class="title"> <strong class="large-font"> <a href="/cases/federal/us/604/23-980/">Facebook, Inc. v. Amalgamated Bank (November 22, 2024)</a> </strong> </p> <p class="title"> <strong class="large-font"> <a href="/cases/federal/us/604/23-167/">Hamm v. Smith (November 4, 2024)</a> </strong> </p> <p class="title"> <strong class="large-font"> <a href="/cases/federal/us/603/24a78/">Department of Education v. Louisiana (August 16, 2024)</a> </strong> <p class="text to-large-font">The Supreme Court left in place an injunction blocking the Department of Education from implementing a new rule that most notably expanded the definition of sex discrimination under Title IX to include sexual orientation and gender identity.</p> </p> <p class="title"> <strong class="large-font"> <a href="/cases/federal/us/603/22-277/">Moody v. NetChoice, LLC (July 1, 2024)</a> </strong> <p class="text to-large-font">The First Amendment offers protection when an entity engaging in expressive activity, including compiling and curating others’ speech, is directed to accommodate messages it would prefer to exclude. Also, a state may not interfere with private actors’ speech to advance its own vision of ideological balance.</p> </p> <p class="title"> <strong class="large-font"> <a href="/cases/federal/us/603/23-939/">Trump v. United States (July 1, 2024)</a> </strong> <p class="text to-large-font">Under our constitutional structure of separated powers, the nature of Presidential power entitles a former President to absolute immunity from criminal prosecution for actions within his conclusive and preclusive constitutional authority. And he is entitled to at least presumptive immunity from prosecution for all his official acts. There is no immunity for unofficial acts.</p> </p> </div> <div class="image"> <picture> <source srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/supreme-court.webp" type="image/webp"> <source srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/supreme-court.jpg" type="image/jpeg"> <img class="-display-block set-maxlimit half-centered" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/supreme-court.jpg" width="596" loading="lazy" height="662" alt="Supreme Court"> </picture> </div> <div class="button-container text-center stripe-view has-margin-top-50"> <a href="/cases/federal/us/year/2024.html" class="button button-ghost-transparent width-20 -v2" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="More Decisions" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Content" >More Decisions</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="has-padding-content-block-x2large font-opensans flex-columns -cols-gap-50 -cols-in-landscape-tablet width-100-v2 bg-wild-sand supreme-court-resources"> <div class="main-content wrapper has-padding-content-block-x2large has-no-top-padding has-no-bottom-padding"> <strong class="heading-3 text-center has-margin-bottom-50">U.S. Supreme Court Resources</strong> <ul class="has-padding-full has-no-bottom-padding has-no-right-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding list-no-styles to-large-font list-gutter--normal list-columns-two list-columns-three"> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - Supreme Court History" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" href="/supreme-court-history/"> Supreme Court History </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - The Supreme Court Building" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" href="/supreme-court-building/"> The Supreme Court Building </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - Stages of a Supreme Court Case" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" href="/stages-of-supreme-court-case/"> Stages of a Supreme Court Case </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - Reading a Supreme Court Decision" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" href="/reading-supreme-court-decision/"> Reading a Supreme Court Decision </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - U.S. Supreme Court Website" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" target="_blank" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/"> U.S. Supreme Court Website </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - Oyez" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" target="_blank" href="https://www.oyez.org/"> Oyez </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - SCOTUSblog" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" target="_blank" href="http://www.scotusblog.com/"> SCOTUSblog </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - Justia Verdict" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" target="_blank" href="https://verdict.justia.com/"> Justia Verdict </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - U.S. Supreme Court Code of Conduct" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" href="/supreme-court-code-of-conduct-justices/"> U.S. Supreme Court Code of Conduct </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - View Cases by Volume" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" href="/cases/federal/us/volume/"> View Cases by Volume </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - View All Courts" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" href="#supreme-court-timeline"> View All Courts </a> </strong> </li> <li> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Law - View All Justices" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Resources Section" href="/justices/"> View All Justices </a> </strong> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="has-padding-content-block-x2large font-opensans width-100-v2 current-supreme-court"> <strong class="heading-3 text-center has-margin-bottom-50">Current U.S. Supreme Court</strong> <div class="main-content has-padding-content-block-x2large has-no-top-padding has-no-bottom-padding court-list"> <div class="grid-wrapper--25 clearfix"> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - John G. Roberts, Jr." data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/john-g-roberts-jr"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/john-g-roberts-jr-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/john-g-roberts-jr-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/john-g-roberts-jr-xl.jpg 2x" alt="John G. Roberts, Jr." class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - John G. Roberts, Jr." data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/john-g-roberts-jr">John G. Roberts, Jr.</a> </strong><br> Chief Justice </div> </div> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Clarence Thomas" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/clarence-thomas"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/clarence-thomas-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/clarence-thomas-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/clarence-thomas-xl.jpg 2x" alt="Clarence Thomas" class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Clarence Thomas" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/clarence-thomas">Clarence Thomas</a> </strong><br> Associate Justice </div> </div> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Samuel A. Alito, Jr." data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/samuel-a-alito-jr"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/samuel-a-alito-jr-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/samuel-a-alito-jr-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/samuel-a-alito-jr-xl.jpg 2x" alt="Samuel A. Alito, Jr." class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Samuel A. Alito, Jr." data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/samuel-a-alito-jr">Samuel A. Alito, Jr.</a> </strong><br> Associate Justice </div> </div> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Sonia Sotomayor" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/sonia-sotomayor"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/sonia-sotomayor-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/sonia-sotomayor-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/sonia-sotomayor-xl.jpg 2x" alt="Sonia Sotomayor" class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Sonia Sotomayor" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/sonia-sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a> </strong><br> Associate Justice </div> </div> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Elena Kagan" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/elena-kagan"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/elena-kagan-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/elena-kagan-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/elena-kagan-xl.jpg 2x" alt="Elena Kagan" class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Elena Kagan" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/elena-kagan">Elena Kagan</a> </strong><br> Associate Justice </div> </div> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Neil M. Gorsuch" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/neil-gorsuch"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/neil-m-gorsuch-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/neil-m-gorsuch-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/neil-m-gorsuch-xl.jpg 2x" alt="Neil M. Gorsuch" class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Neil M. Gorsuch" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/neil-gorsuch">Neil M. Gorsuch</a> </strong><br> Associate Justice </div> </div> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Brett M. Kavanaugh" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/brett-m-kavanaugh"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/brett-m-kavanaugh-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/brett-m-kavanaugh-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/brett-m-kavanaugh-xl.jpg 2x" alt="Brett M. Kavanaugh" class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Brett M. Kavanaugh" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/brett-m-kavanaugh">Brett M. Kavanaugh</a> </strong><br> Associate Justice </div> </div> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Amy Coney Barrett" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/amy-coney-barrett"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/amy-coney-barrett-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/amy-coney-barrett-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/amy-coney-barrett-xl.jpg 2x" alt="Amy Coney Barrett" class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Amy Coney Barrett" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/amy-coney-barrett">Amy Coney Barrett</a> </strong><br> Associate Justice </div> </div> <div class="col--one-third"> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-left-padding has-no-top-padding"> <a class="photo-box -display-flex -no-underline" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Ketanji Brown Jackson" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/ketanji-brown-jackson"> <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/ketanji-b-jackson-xl.jpg" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/ketanji-b-jackson-xl.jpg, //justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/justices/double/ketanji-b-jackson-xl.jpg 2x" alt="Ketanji Brown Jackson" class="image" style="pointer-events:none" width="150" height="150"/> </a> </div> <div class="pull-left has-padding has-no-top-padding has-no-left-padding"> <strong> <a data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Justice - Ketanji Brown Jackson" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Justices Section" href="/justices/ketanji-brown-jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a> </strong><br> Associate Justice </div> </div> </diV> </div> </div> <div id="supreme-court-history" class="has-padding-content-block-x2large font-opensans flex-columns -cols-gap-50 -cols-in-landscape-tablet width-100-v2 bg-wild-sand supreme-court-through-centuries"> <div id="supreme-court-timeline" class="main-content wrapper has-padding-content-block-x2large has-no-top-padding has-no-bottom-padding"> <strong class="heading-3 text-center has-margin-bottom-50">U.S. Supreme Court History</strong> <div class="flex-columns -cols-in-landscape-tablet width-100-v2"> <div class="flex-col-wrapper -flex-wrap"> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet show" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/roberts-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Roberts Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/john_g_roberts_jr.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/john_g_roberts_jr.png" alt="Roberts Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/roberts-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Roberts Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Roberts Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">2005-present</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet show" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/rehnquist-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Rehnquist Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/william_h_rehnquist.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/william_h_rehnquist.png" alt="Rehnquist Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/rehnquist-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Rehnquist Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Rehnquist Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1986-2005</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet show" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/burger-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Burger Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/warren_e_burger.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/warren_e_burger.png" alt="Burger Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/burger-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Burger Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Burger Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1969-1986</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/warren-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Warren Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/earl_warren.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/earl_warren.png" alt="Warren Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/warren-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Warren Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Warren Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1953-1969</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/vinson-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Vinson Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/fred_m_vinson.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/fred_m_vinson.png" alt="Vinson Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/vinson-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Vinson Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Vinson Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1946-1953</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/stone-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Stone Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/harlan_fiske_stone.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/harlan_fiske_stone.png" alt="Stone Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/stone-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Stone Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Stone Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1941-1946</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/hughes-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Hughes Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/charles_e_hughes.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/charles_e_hughes.png" alt="Hughes Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/hughes-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Hughes Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Hughes Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1930-1941</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/taft-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Taft Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/william_howard_taft.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/william_howard_taft.png" alt="Taft Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/taft-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Taft Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Taft Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1921-1930</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/white-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="White Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/edward_d_white.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/edward_d_white.png" alt="White Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/white-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="White Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">White Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1910-1921</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/fuller-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Fuller Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/melville_w_fuller.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/melville_w_fuller.png" alt="Fuller Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/fuller-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Fuller Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Fuller Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1888-1910</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/waite-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Waite Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/morrison_r_waite.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/morrison_r_waite.png" alt="Waite Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/waite-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Waite Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Waite Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1874-1888</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/chase-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Chase Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/salmon_p_chase.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/salmon_p_chase.png" alt="Chase Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/chase-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Chase Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Chase Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1864-1873</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/taney-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Taney Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/roger_b_taney.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/roger_b_taney.png" alt="Taney Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/taney-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Taney Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Taney Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1836-1864</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/marshall-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Marshall Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/john_marshall.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/john_marshall.png" alt="Marshall Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/marshall-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Marshall Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Marshall Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1801-1835</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/ellsworth-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Ellsworth Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/oliver_ellsworth.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/oliver_ellsworth.png" alt="Ellsworth Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/ellsworth-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Ellsworth Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Ellsworth Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1796-1800</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/rutledge-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Rutledge Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/john_rutledge.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/john_rutledge.png" alt="Rutledge Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/rutledge-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Rutledge Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Rutledge Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1795</strong> </a> </div> </div> <div class="flex-col width-25-in-lvl3 reset-width-below-landscape-tablet hide hide-lvl2-only" > <a href="/supreme-court-history/jay-court/" class="image-link" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Jay Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <img loading="lazy" src="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/john_jay.png" srcset="//justatic.com/v/20241121134703/shared/images/law/supreme/chiefs/john_jay.png" alt="Jay Court" class="image"/> </a> <div class="align-middle text-center to-large-font has-margin-top-10"> <a class="-text" href="/supreme-court-history/jay-court/" data-gtm-type="click" data-gtm-label="Jay Court" data-gtm-category="Supreme Court" data-gtm-action="Supreme Court History" > <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">Jay Court</strong> <strong class="-display-block width-100-v2" style="pointer-events:none">1789-1795</strong> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="button-container text-center 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