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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gallery_vs._passage_grave" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery_vs._passage_grave"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Gallery vs. passage grave</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery_vs._passage_grave-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transepted" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transepted"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Transepted</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transepted-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wedge-shaped" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wedge-shaped"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Wedge-shaped</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wedge-shaped-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dating</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div 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id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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href="/wiki/File:H%C3%A4llkistan_vid_Herrljunga_kyrkog%C3%A5rd_(RA%C3%84-nr_Herrljunga_9-1)_4230.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/H%C3%A4llkistan_vid_Herrljunga_kyrkog%C3%A5rd_%28RA%C3%84-nr_Herrljunga_9-1%29_4230.jpg/220px-H%C3%A4llkistan_vid_Herrljunga_kyrkog%C3%A5rd_%28RA%C3%84-nr_Herrljunga_9-1%29_4230.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/H%C3%A4llkistan_vid_Herrljunga_kyrkog%C3%A5rd_%28RA%C3%84-nr_Herrljunga_9-1%29_4230.jpg/330px-H%C3%A4llkistan_vid_Herrljunga_kyrkog%C3%A5rd_%28RA%C3%84-nr_Herrljunga_9-1%29_4230.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/H%C3%A4llkistan_vid_Herrljunga_kyrkog%C3%A5rd_%28RA%C3%84-nr_Herrljunga_9-1%29_4230.jpg/440px-H%C3%A4llkistan_vid_Herrljunga_kyrkog%C3%A5rd_%28RA%C3%84-nr_Herrljunga_9-1%29_4230.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Gallery grave, missing a portion of its tumulus and all its stone caps, in a cemetery in Herrljunga, Sweden.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>gallery grave</b> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Megalithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic">megalithic</a> tomb built primarily during the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic Age</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Europe in which the main <a href="/wiki/Long_gallery" title="Long gallery">gallery</a> of the tomb is entered without first passing through an <a href="/wiki/Antechamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Antechamber">antechamber</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hallway" title="Hallway">hallway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniel20139_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniel20139-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice2013185_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice2013185-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are at least four major types of gallery grave (complex, transepted, segmented, and wedge-shaped), and they may be covered with an earthen mound (or "<a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">tumulus</a>") or rock mound (or "<a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">cairn</a>"). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallery_grave&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Archeologist T. Douglas Price argues that the gallery grave was a form of community burial site. Those placed in a gallery grave were most likely members of the same family or hamlet, and probably were intended to reinforce the sense of community.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice2013185_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice2013185-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gallery graves may be straight, or they may form an <a href="/wiki/Ell_(architecture)" title="Ell (architecture)">ell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, a burial chamber exists at the end of the gallery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniel201370_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniel201370-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The walls of gallery graves were built of <a href="/wiki/Megalithic_architectural_elements#Orthostat" title="Megalithic architectural elements">orthostats</a>, slab-like stones set upright in the earth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199949_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199949-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were roofed with multiple flat stones, although the burial chamber (if one existed) was usually roofed with a single large stone.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilder1924101_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilder1924101-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Multiple burials could occur all at one time, the grave could be reopened several times to accept new burials, or the grave could remain open over an extended period of time to accept multiple burials.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilder192499_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilder192499-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LaRocheAuxFees_Dolmen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/LaRocheAuxFees_Dolmen.jpg/400px-LaRocheAuxFees_Dolmen.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/LaRocheAuxFees_Dolmen.jpg/600px-LaRocheAuxFees_Dolmen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/LaRocheAuxFees_Dolmen.jpg/800px-LaRocheAuxFees_Dolmen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2898" data-file-height="854" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/La_Roche-aux-F%C3%A9es" title="La Roche-aux-Fées">La Roche-aux-Fées</a>, a gallery grave in France</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%C3%A9zier_-_Plan_de_la_roche-aux-f%C3%A9es.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/B%C3%A9zier_-_Plan_de_la_roche-aux-f%C3%A9es.png/220px-B%C3%A9zier_-_Plan_de_la_roche-aux-f%C3%A9es.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/B%C3%A9zier_-_Plan_de_la_roche-aux-f%C3%A9es.png/330px-B%C3%A9zier_-_Plan_de_la_roche-aux-f%C3%A9es.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/B%C3%A9zier_-_Plan_de_la_roche-aux-f%C3%A9es.png/440px-B%C3%A9zier_-_Plan_de_la_roche-aux-f%C3%A9es.png 2x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="1749" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of the plan of the segmented gallery grave at La Roche-aux-Fées in France. Capstones (forming the ceiling) are represented by dotted lines.</figcaption></figure> <p>Burials in gallery graves were made in the gallery itself, or in small burial chambers opening off the gallery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoe1970139_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoe1970139-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is known as a "complex gallery grave".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the adjacent burial chambers are paired, the structure is known as a "transepted gallery grave".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoe1970139_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoe1970139-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniel201340_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniel201340-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gallery graves may also have their galleries subdivided by interior stone slabs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoe1970139_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoe1970139-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are known as "segmented gallery graves".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When two parallel galleries lead to a single terminal burial chamber, this is known as a "parallel gallery grave".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilder1924101_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilder1924101-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some gallery graves were not rectangular in shape, but rather narrowed toward the rear.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are known as wedge-shaped gallery graves.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ceilings of wedge-shaped gallery graves often sloped toward the rear,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a sill of stone set some distance inside the away from the entrance<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or one or two slabs set upright in the earth<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> defined a sort of antechamber. The wedge-shaped gallery grave was usually topped by a <a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">cairn</a> (covering of stones) rather than an earthen mound (or "<a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">tumulus</a>"),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although an earthen mound was sometimes used.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946–47_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946–47-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cross-sectional shape of the cairn could be round, oval, or D-shaped, and often a <a href="/wiki/Megalithic_architectural_elements#Kerb_or_peristalith" title="Megalithic architectural elements">kerb</a> (ring of stone) was used to help <a href="/wiki/Revetment" title="Revetment">revet</a> the cairn and keep it in place.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199947_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199947-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some wedge-shaped gallery graves had curved rear walls, while others were linear.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few had the terminal burial chamber at the rear of the gallery, although this was usually blocked off.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wedge-shaped gallery graves sometimes had a set of outer walls. These could be parallel to the inner walls, or they could be set at an even stronger angle (emphasizing the wedge-like nature of the tomb).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wedge-shaped gallery graves usually faced west, and often had a pair of upright stone slabs linking the inner and outer walls at the entrance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tumulus (or "barrow") covering a gallery grave may be <a href="/wiki/Oval_barrow" title="Oval barrow">ovate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">long</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChadwickFoxDickins20139_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChadwickFoxDickins20139-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sides of the tumulus may be parallel or not.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChadwickFoxDickins20135,_9_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChadwickFoxDickins20135,_9-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tumulus was designed so that the end of the gallery (or the terminal burial chamber, if one existed) was at the center of the tumulus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilder1924101_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilder1924101-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A tumulus may contain several gallery graves radiating outward from the center.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilder1924101_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilder1924101-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the earth atop the gallery grave was only loosely piled up, it often washed away due to erosion. Many gallery graves today lie exposed to the air, when originally they would have lain deep within a tumulus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilder1924101–102_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilder1924101–102-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery_vs._passage_grave">Gallery vs. passage grave</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallery_grave&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Gallery vs. passage grave"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The difference between a complex gallery grave and a <a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">passage grave</a> (which also has smaller burial chambers opening off the main passage) is two-fold. First, the gallery grave gallery will be as high and wide as the side burial chambers, while in a passage grave the passage is not as high or wide as the burial chambers. Second, gallery graves are usually topped by a V-shaped tumulus, while passage graves are almost always covered by a round tumulus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallery_grave&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transepted">Transepted</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallery_grave&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Transepted"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Transepted gallery graves</b> have burial monuments with side rooms extending laterally from a central chamber. They are found at sites in the <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a> valley of France, south west <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and it is thought the builders had cultural links with one another. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wedge-shaped">Wedge-shaped</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallery_grave&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wedge-shaped"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Altair_Burial_Tomb,_Schull,_Co._Cork.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Altair_Burial_Tomb%2C_Schull%2C_Co._Cork.jpg/220px-Altair_Burial_Tomb%2C_Schull%2C_Co._Cork.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Altair_Burial_Tomb%2C_Schull%2C_Co._Cork.jpg/330px-Altair_Burial_Tomb%2C_Schull%2C_Co._Cork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Altair_Burial_Tomb%2C_Schull%2C_Co._Cork.jpg/440px-Altair_Burial_Tomb%2C_Schull%2C_Co._Cork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4948" data-file-height="3401" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Altar_Wedge_Tomb" title="Altar Wedge Tomb">Altar Wedge Tomb</a>, County Cork</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glantane_East_Wedge_Tomb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Glantane_East_Wedge_Tomb.jpg/220px-Glantane_East_Wedge_Tomb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Glantane_East_Wedge_Tomb.jpg/330px-Glantane_East_Wedge_Tomb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Glantane_East_Wedge_Tomb.jpg/440px-Glantane_East_Wedge_Tomb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1476" data-file-height="916" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Glantane_East" title="Glantane East">Glantane East</a> Wedge Tomb, County Cork, Ireland</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>wedge-shaped gallery grave</b> or <b>wedge tomb</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Irish</a> <a href="/wiki/Chamber_tomb" title="Chamber tomb">chamber tomb</a>. They are so named because the burial chamber narrows at one end (usually decreasing both in height and width from west to east), producing a wedge shape in elevation. An <a href="/wiki/Antechamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Antechamber">antechamber</a> is separated from the burial area by a simple <a href="/wiki/Jamb" title="Jamb">jamb</a> or sill, and the doorway generally faces west.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A distinguishing characteristic of wedge tombs is the double-walling of the gallery. They were often covered by <a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">cairns</a>, which could be round, oval or D-shaped, often with a <a href="/wiki/Megalithic_architectural_elements" title="Megalithic architectural elements">kerb</a> to revet it. More are low sized, usually about 1.5 metres high, and are generally found on mountainsides, about three-quarters the way up. </p><p>Wedge tombs were built between the Irish late <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> and middle <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Ages</a> (about 2500 to 2000BC). Today, between 500 and 550 known wedge tombs survive in Ireland,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are found predominantly in the west and north west of the island. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dating">Dating</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallery_grave&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with the <a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">dolmen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">passage grave</a>, the gallery grave is the most common megalithic tomb in western Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice2013184_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice2013184-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiggott196561_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiggott196561-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gallery graves were usually constructed during the Neolithic Age, which began about 10,200 BC and ended in Europe about 3,200 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some, however, were constructed in the Middle and Late <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, about 2,300 BC to 600 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dating of some gallery graves is difficult, as the tombs may have been constructed in the Late Neolithic or Early Bronze Age, but reopened and used for burials until the Late Bronze Age.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199947_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199947-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallery_grave&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:17._Labbacallee_Wedge_Tomb,_Co._Cork.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/17._Labbacallee_Wedge_Tomb%2C_Co._Cork.jpg/220px-17._Labbacallee_Wedge_Tomb%2C_Co._Cork.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/17._Labbacallee_Wedge_Tomb%2C_Co._Cork.jpg/330px-17._Labbacallee_Wedge_Tomb%2C_Co._Cork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/17._Labbacallee_Wedge_Tomb%2C_Co._Cork.jpg/440px-17._Labbacallee_Wedge_Tomb%2C_Co._Cork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Interior of <a href="/wiki/Labbacallee_wedge_tomb" title="Labbacallee wedge tomb">Labbacallee</a>, a wedge-shaped gallery grave in Ireland.</figcaption></figure> <p>Archeologists Ian Shaw and Robert Jameson argued in 1999 that the best-researched gallery graves are the <a href="/wiki/Severn-Cotswold_tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Severn-Cotswold tomb">Severn-Cotswold tombs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_West_England" title="South West England">South West England</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other important gallery graves include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_cairn" title="Court cairn">Court cairn</a>, found in western and northern <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and southwest <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giants%27_grave" title="Giants' grave">Giants' grave</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glantane_East" title="Glantane East">Glantane East</a> wedge-shaped tomb in Ireland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naveta" title="Naveta">Naveta</a> grave in <a href="/wiki/Menorca" title="Menorca">Menorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seine-Oise-Marne_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Seine-Oise-Marne culture">Seine-Oise-Marne culture</a> <i>allées couverte</i> in northern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li>Severn-Cotswold tombs in Wales and South West England in the United Kingdom<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartberg_culture#Megalithic_tombs" title="Wartberg culture">Wartberg culture</a> stone cist group tombs in northern <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>, southern <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>, and western <a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallery_grave&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_sites_in_County_Cork" title="List of archaeological sites in County Cork">List of archaeological sites in County Cork</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallery_grave&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShawJameson1999247_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShawJameson1999">Shaw & Jameson 1999</a>, p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniel20139-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniel20139_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaniel2013">Daniel 2013</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice2013185-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice2013185_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice2013185_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrice2013">Price 2013</a>, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniel201370-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniel201370_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaniel2013">Daniel 2013</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKipfer2000598_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKipfer2000">Kipfer 2000</a>, p. 598.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199949-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199949_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarberAltena1999">Barber & Altena 1999</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilder1924101-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilder1924101_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilder1924101_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilder1924101_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilder1924101_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilder1924">Wilder 1924</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilder192499-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilder192499_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilder1924">Wilder 1924</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoe1970139-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoe1970139_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoe1970139_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoe1970139_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoe1970">Roe 1970</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaniel201340-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaniel201340_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaniel2013">Daniel 2013</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarberAltena1999">Barber & Altena 1999</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946–47-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199946–47_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarberAltena1999">Barber & Altena 1999</a>, pp. 46–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199947-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199947_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberAltena199947_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarberAltena1999">Barber & Altena 1999</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChadwickFoxDickins20139-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChadwickFoxDickins20139_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChadwickFoxDickins2013">Chadwick, Fox & Dickins 2013</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChadwickFoxDickins20135,_9-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChadwickFoxDickins20135,_9_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChadwickFoxDickins2013">Chadwick, Fox & Dickins 2013</a>, pp. 5, 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilder1924101–102-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilder1924101–102_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilder1924">Wilder 1924</a>, pp. 101–102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBBC_History2004" class="citation web cs1">BBC History (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A3181673">"<i>Irish Neolithic Tombs</i>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-09-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Irish+Neolithic+Tombs&rft.date=2004&rft.au=BBC+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fdna%2Fh2g2%2FA3181673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallery+grave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFiol.ie" class="citation web cs1">iol.ie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iol.ie/~sec/sites.htm#Wedge%20Tombs">"<i>A Brief Guide To Irish Archaeological Sites</i>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+Guide+To+Irish+Archaeological+Sites&rft.au=iol.ie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iol.ie%2F~sec%2Fsites.htm%23Wedge%2520Tombs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallery+grave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrice2013184-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrice2013184_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrice2013">Price 2013</a>, p. 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiggott196561-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiggott196561_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPiggott1965">Piggott 1965</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallery_grave&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarberAltena1999" class="citation book cs1">Barber, Martyn; Altena, Jean François van Regteren (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ggb3jnNhTekC"><i>European Bronze Age Monuments: A Multilingual-Glossary of Archaeological Terminology</i></a>. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789287137128" title="Special:BookSources/9789287137128"><bdi>9789287137128</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Bronze+Age+Monuments%3A+A+Multilingual-Glossary+of+Archaeological+Terminology&rft.place=Strasbourg&rft.pub=Council+of+Europe+Publications&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9789287137128&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=Martyn&rft.au=Altena%2C+Jean+Fran%C3%A7ois+van+Regteren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGgb3jnNhTekC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallery+grave" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChadwickFoxDickins2013" class="citation book cs1">Chadwick, H. Munro; Fox, Cyril; Dickins, Bruce (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vSFzo9-pdT4C"><i>The Early Cultures of North-West Europe</i></a>. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107686557" title="Special:BookSources/9781107686557"><bdi>9781107686557</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Cultures+of+North-West+Europe&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+U.K.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781107686557&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=H.+Munro&rft.au=Fox%2C+Cyril&rft.au=Dickins%2C+Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvSFzo9-pdT4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallery+grave" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel2013" class="citation book cs1">Daniel, Glyn Edmund (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZNex7OJh8kQC"><i>The Prehistoric Chamber Tombs of England and Wales</i></a>. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107697621" title="Special:BookSources/9781107697621"><bdi>9781107697621</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prehistoric+Chamber+Tombs+of+England+and+Wales&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+U.K.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781107697621&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=Glyn+Edmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZNex7OJh8kQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallery+grave" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKipfer2000" class="citation book cs1">Kipfer, Barbara Ann (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XneTstDbcC0C&q=wedge-shaped"><i>Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology</i></a>. New York: Kluwer Academic. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780306461583" title="Special:BookSources/9780306461583"><bdi>9780306461583</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedic+Dictionary+of+Archaeology&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Kluwer+Academic&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780306461583&rft.aulast=Kipfer&rft.aufirst=Barbara+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXneTstDbcC0C%26q%3Dwedge-shaped&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallery+grave" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiggott1965" class="citation book cs1">Piggott, Stuart (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2HxlXCoQzfAC"><i>Ancient Europe: From the Beginnings of Agriculture to Classical Antiquity</i></a>. New Brunswick, N.J.: AldineTransaction. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780202309392" title="Special:BookSources/9780202309392"><bdi>9780202309392</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Europe%3A+From+the+Beginnings+of+Agriculture+to+Classical+Antiquity&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=AldineTransaction&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=9780202309392&rft.aulast=Piggott&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2HxlXCoQzfAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallery+grave" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2013" class="citation book cs1">Price, T. Douglas (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h0BIkXNZJZsC"><i>Europe Before Rome: A Site-By-Site Tour of the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199914708" title="Special:BookSources/9780199914708"><bdi>9780199914708</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe+Before+Rome%3A+A+Site-By-Site+Tour+of+the+Stone%2C+Bronze%2C+and+Iron+Ages&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780199914708&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=T.+Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh0BIkXNZJZsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallery+grave" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoe1970" class="citation book cs1">Roe, Derek (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IzdRPHBnb4gC"><i>Prehistory</i></a>. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520022522" title="Special:BookSources/9780520022522"><bdi>9780520022522</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prehistory&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=9780520022522&rft.aulast=Roe&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIzdRPHBnb4gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallery+grave" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShawJameson1999" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Ian; Jameson, Robert (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8HKDtlPuM2oC"><i>A Dictionary of Archaeology</i></a>. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780470753446" title="Special:BookSources/9780470753446"><bdi>9780470753446</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Archaeology&rft.place=Oxford%2C+U.K.&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780470753446&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Jameson%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8HKDtlPuM2oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallery+grave" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilder1924" class="citation book cs1">Wilder, Harris Hawthorne (1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nxr9IHwf8pgC"><i>Man's Prehistoric Past</i></a>. New York: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781434494399" title="Special:BookSources/9781434494399"><bdi>9781434494399</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man%27s+Prehistoric+Past&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1924&rft.isbn=9781434494399&rft.aulast=Wilder&rft.aufirst=Harris+Hawthorne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNxr9IHwf8pgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGallery+grave" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallery_grave&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gallery_graves" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gallery graves">Gallery graves</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prehistoric_technology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prehistoric_technology" title="Template talk:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric_technology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric technology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prehistoric_technology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_technology" title="Prehistoric technology">Prehistoric technology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory" title="Prehistory">Prehistory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_prehistory" title="Timeline of prehistory">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_prehistoric_technology" title="Outline of prehistoric technology">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-age_system#Stone_Age_subdivisions" title="Three-age system">Subdivisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">New Stone Age</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_technology" title="History of technology">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_archaeology" title="Glossary of archaeology">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Tools" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Tools</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture" title="History of agriculture">Farming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founder_crops" title="Founder crops">Founder crops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_crops" title="New World crops">New World crops</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ard_(plough)" title="Ard (plough)">Ard / plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celt_(tool)" title="Celt (tool)">Celt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digging_stick" title="Digging stick">Digging stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">Domestication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goad" title="Goad">Goad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_products_revolution" title="Secondary products revolution">Secondary products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sickle" title="Sickle">Sickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)" title="Terrace (earthworks)">Terracing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Food processing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_fire_by_early_humans" title="Control of fire by early humans">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket" title="Basket">Basket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">Cooking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_oven" title="Earth oven">Earth oven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granary" title="Granary">Granaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinding_slab" title="Grinding slab">Grinding slab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_stone" title="Ground stone">Ground stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">Hearth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk#Hearths" title="Aşıklı Höyük">Aşıklı Höyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qesem_cave#Fire" title="Qesem cave">Qesem cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mano_(stone)" title="Mano (stone)">Manos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metate" title="Metate">Metate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_and_pestle" title="Mortar and pestle">Mortar and pestle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_storage_pits" title="Prehistoric storage pits">Storage pits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Hunting_hypothesis" title="Hunting hypothesis">Hunting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrow" title="Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_stick" title="Throwing stick">throwing stick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">Bow and arrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_archery" title="History of archery">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Hunting" title="Gravettian">Nets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spear" title="Spear">Spear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spear-thrower" title="Spear-thrower">spear-thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_fragment_(Palart_310)" title="Baton fragment (Palart 310)">baton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ningen_spears" title="Schöningen spears">Schöningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woomera_(spear-thrower)" title="Woomera (spear-thrower)">woomera</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile points</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead" title="Arrowhead">Arrowhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_arrowhead" title="Transverse arrowhead">Transverse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bare_Island_projectile_point" title="Bare Island projectile point">Bare Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_point" title="Cascade point">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creswellian_culture" title="Creswellian culture">Cresswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_point" title="Cumberland point">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamoka_projectile_point" title="Lamoka projectile point">Lamoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manis_Mastodon_site" title="Manis Mastodon site">Manis Mastodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_point" title="Plano point">Plano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_drive_system" title="Game drive system">Game drive system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_jump" title="Buffalo jump">Buffalo jump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Toolmaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industry_(archaeology)" title="Industry (archaeology)">Earliest toolmaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">Oldowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurignacian" title="Aurignacian">Aurignacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupstone" title="Cupstone">Cupstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hardening" title="Fire hardening">Fire hardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian" title="Gravettian">Gravettian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafting" title="Hafting">Hafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_axe" title="Hand axe">Hand axe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grooves_(archaeology)" title="Grooves (archaeology)">Grooves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdale_axe_industry" title="Langdale axe industry">Langdale axe industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levallois_technique" title="Levallois technique">Levallois technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_core" title="Lithic core">Lithic core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_reduction" title="Lithic reduction">Lithic reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_analysis" title="Lithic analysis">analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debitage" title="Debitage">debitage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_flake" title="Lithic flake">flake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithic_technology" title="Lithic technology">Lithic technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalenian" title="Magdalenian">Magdalenian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrous_metallurgy" title="Ferrous metallurgy">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microblade_technology" title="Microblade technology">Microblade technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime%27s_Graves" title="Grime's Graves">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepared-core_technique" title="Prepared-core technique">Prepared-core technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solutrean" title="Solutrean">Solutrean industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Striking_platform" title="Striking platform">Striking platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_stone" title="Tool stone">Tool stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniface" title="Uniface">Uniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubetsu_technique" title="Yubetsu technique">Yubetsu technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Other tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adze" title="Adze">Adze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">Awl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravettian#Use_of_animal_remains" title="Gravettian">bone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannerstone" title="Bannerstone">Bannerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blade_(archaeology)" title="Blade (archaeology)">Blade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prismatic_blade" title="Prismatic blade">prismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bone_tool" title="Bone tool">Bone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_drill" title="Bow drill">Bow drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burin_(lithic_flake)" title="Burin (lithic flake)">Burin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe#History" title="Canoe">Canoe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oar" title="Oar">Oar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesse_canoe" title="Pesse canoe">Pesse canoe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(archaeology)" title="Chopper (archaeology)">Chopper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chopping_tool" title="Chopping tool">tool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaver_(Stone_Age_tool)" title="Cleaver (Stone Age tool)">Cleaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denticulate_tool" title="Denticulate tool">Denticulate tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_plough" title="Fire plough">Fire plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-saw" title="Fire-saw">Fire-saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammerstone" title="Hammerstone">Hammerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife" title="Knife">Knife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microlith" title="Microlith">Microlith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">Quern-stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racloir" title="Racloir">Racloir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scraper_(archaeology)" title="Scraper (archaeology)">Scraper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grattoir_de_c%C3%B4t%C3%A9" title="Grattoir de côté">side</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_tool" title="Stone tool">Stone tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tally_stick#Paleolithic_tally_sticks" title="Tally stick">Tally stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_weapons#Copper_Age" title="History of weapons">Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel" title="Wheel">Wheel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronocice_pot" title="Bronocice pot">illustration</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_architecture" title="History of architecture">Architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Ceremonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid" title="Pyramid">Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">Standing stones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megalith" title="Megalith">megalith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_row" title="Stone row">row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonehenge" title="Stonehenge">Stonehenge</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Dwellings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_architecture" title="Neolithic architecture">Neolithic architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_long_house" title="Neolithic long house">long house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_megalith_architecture" title="British megalith architecture">British megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_megalith_architecture" title="Nordic megalith architecture">Nordic megalith architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burdei" title="Burdei">Burdei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_dwelling" title="Cliff dwelling">Cliff dwelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(shelter)" title="Dugout (shelter)">Dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hut" title="Hut">Hut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quiggly_hole" title="Quiggly hole">Quiggly hole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacal" title="Jacal">Jacal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse" title="Longhouse">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">Mudbrick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh#Lifestyle_and_technology" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit-house" title="Pit-house">Pit-house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_pueblitos" title="Navajo pueblitos">Pueblitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo" title="Pueblo">Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_shelter" title="Rock shelter">Rock shelter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abri_de_la_Madeleine" title="Abri de la Madeleine">Abri de la Madeleine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibudu_Cave" title="Sibudu Cave">Sibudu Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">Roundhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilt_house" title="Stilt house">Stilt house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Alp pile dwellings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_of_Brodgar" title="Ness of Brodgar">Stone roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">Wattle and daub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Water management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Check_dam" title="Check dam">Check dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet#History" title="Flush toilet">Flush toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feature_(archaeology)" title="Feature (archaeology)">Archaeological features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broch" title="Broch">Broch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnt_mound" title="Burnt mound">Burnt mound</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fulacht_fiadh" title="Fulacht fiadh">fulacht fiadh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Causewayed_enclosure" title="Causewayed enclosure">Causewayed enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tor_enclosure" title="Tor enclosure">Tor enclosure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_circular_enclosures_in_Central_Europe" title="Neolithic circular enclosures in Central Europe">Circular enclosure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goseck_Circle" title="Goseck Circle">Goseck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursus" title="Cursus">Cursus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henge" title="Henge">Henge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thornborough_Henges" title="Thornborough Henges">Thornborough</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_architectural_elements" title="Megalithic architectural elements">Megalithic architectural elements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midden" title="Midden">Midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_extant_buildings" title="List of oldest extant buildings">Oldest extant buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_circle" title="Timber circle">Timber circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_trackway" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber trackway">Timber trackway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Track" title="Sweet Track">Sweet Track</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arts_and_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Arts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">Material goods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basket_weaving" title="Basket weaving">Baskets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beadwork" title="Beadwork">Beadwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bed#History" title="Bed">Beds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">Clothing/textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cosmetics" title="History of cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Stone_Age" title="Middle Stone Age">Glue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hide_materials" title="History of hide materials">Hides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoe#History" title="Shoe">shoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi#Clothes_and_shoes" title="Ötzi">Ötzi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery#History" title="Jewellery">Jewelry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber#Use" title="Amber">amber use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirror#History" title="Mirror">Mirrors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery#History" title="Pottery">Pottery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardium_pottery" title="Cardium pottery">Cardium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord-marked_pottery" title="Cord-marked pottery">Cord-marked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grooved_ware" title="Grooved ware">Grooved ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_pottery" title="Jōmon pottery">Jōmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unstan_ware" title="Unstan ware">Unstan ware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing_needle#History" title="Sewing needle">Sewing needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">Wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areni-1_winery" title="Areni-1 winery">winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_wine_press#Early_history" title="History of the wine press">wine press</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Upper_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Upper Paleolithic">Art of the Upper Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Middle_Paleolithic" title="Art of the Middle Paleolithic">Art of the Middle Paleolithic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blombos_Cave#Archaeological_remains_and_material_culture_from_the_Middle_Stone_Age_levels" title="Blombos Cave">Blombos Cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stone_Age_art" title="List of Stone Age art">List of Stone Age art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_stone" title="Bird stone">Bird stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">Cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carved_stone_balls" title="Carved stone balls">Carved stone balls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">Cave paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_and_ring_mark" title="Cup and ring mark">Cup and ring mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoglyph" title="Geoglyph">Geoglyph</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hill_figure" title="Hill figure">Hill figure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_hat" title="Golden hat">Golden hats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardian_stones" title="Guardian stones">Guardian stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwion_Gwion_rock_paintings" title="Gwion Gwion rock paintings">Gwion Gwion rock paintings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_painting#Pre-history" title="History of painting">painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment#History" title="Pigment">pigment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_art" title="Megalithic art">Megalithic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroform" title="Petroform">Petroform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">Petroglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosomatoglyph" title="Petrosomatoglyph">Petrosomatoglyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictogram" title="Pictogram">Pictogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_cupule" title="Rock cupule">Rock cupule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">Stone carving</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture#Prehistoric_periods" title="Sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_menhir" title="Statue menhir">Statue menhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circle" title="Stone circle">Stone circle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stone_circles" title="List of stone circles">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_circles_in_the_British_Isles_and_Brittany" title="Stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany">British Isles and Brittany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_figurine" title="Venus figurine">Venus figurine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Burial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">Burial mounds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_barrow" title="Bowl barrow">Bowl barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_barrow" title="Round barrow">Round barrow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_burial_mounds_in_the_United_States" title="List of burial mounds in the United States">U.S. sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_tomb" title="Chamber tomb">Chamber tomb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotswold-Severn_Group" title="Cotswold-Severn Group">Cotswold-Severn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cist" title="Cist">Cist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dartmoor_kistvaens" title="Dartmoor kistvaens">Dartmoor kistvaens</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clava_cairn" title="Clava cairn">Clava cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_cairn" title="Court cairn">Court cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cremation#History" title="Cremation">Cremation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_dolmen" title="Great dolmen">Great dolmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">Funeral pyre</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gallery grave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transepted_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Transepted gallery grave">transepted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge-shaped_gallery_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedge-shaped gallery grave">wedge-shaped</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">Grave goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar_burial" title="Jar burial">Jar burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_barrow" title="Long barrow">Long barrow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_barrow" title="Unchambered long barrow">unchambered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nsalen" title="Grønsalen">Grønsalen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megalithic_tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Megalithic tomb">Megalithic tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy" title="Mummy">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_grave" title="Passage grave">Passage grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_dolmen" title="Rectangular dolmen">Rectangular dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_cairn" title="Ring cairn">Ring cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_dolmen" title="Simple dolmen">Simple dolmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_box_grave" title="Stone box grave">Stone box grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tor_cairn" title="Tor cairn">Tor cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchambered_long_cairn" title="Unchambered long cairn">Unchambered long cairn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Other cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeoastronomy" title="Archaeoastronomy">Archaeoastronomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeoastronomical_sites_by_country" title="List of archaeoastronomical sites by country">sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_calendar" title="Lunar calendar">lunar calendar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_modernity" title="Behavioral modernity">Behavioral modernity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_musicology" title="Evolutionary musicology">Evolutionary musicology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_archaeology" title="Music archaeology">music archaeology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_drugs_and_the_archaeological_record" title="Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record">Spiritual drug use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_language" title="Origin of language">Origin of language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_counting" title="Prehistoric counting">Prehistoric counting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine" title="Prehistoric medicine">Prehistoric medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trepanning" title="Trepanning">trepanning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_music" title="Prehistoric music">Prehistoric music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_drum" title="Alligator drum">Alligator drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_flute" title="Paleolithic flute">flutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divje_Babe_flute" title="Divje Babe flute">Divje Babe flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_(instrument)" title="Gudi (instrument)">gudi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diepkloof_Rock_Shelter" title="Diepkloof Rock Shelter">Symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howiesons_Poort#Symbolism" title="Howiesons Poort">symbolism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gallery_grave&oldid=1217509736#Transepted">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gallery_grave&oldid=1217509736#Transepted</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Megalithic_monuments" title="Category:Megalithic monuments">Megalithic monuments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeology_of_death" title="Category:Archaeology of 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