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Liban : Stagnation des réformes en 2012 | Human Rights Watch

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</ul></div></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="content" class="clear-block"> <div class="node clear-block node-page ntype-news"> <div class="header"> <h6 class="node-title"> <a href="/web/20130429104829/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/02/07/liban-stagnation-des-reformes-en-2012" title="Liban : Stagnation des réformes en 2012">Liban : Stagnation des réformes en 2012</a> </h6> </div> <h6 class="node-subtitle">Occasions manquées en matière de droits des femmes, de prévention de la torture et de protection des migrants</h6> <div class="info"> <div class="meta date"> <span class="created">7 février 2013</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="widget-links"><ul class="widget-list"><li class="service-links-twitter-widget first"><a 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130429104829/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2012_Lebanon_map_fr.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile][<p></p>]" class="imagefield imagefield-lightbox2 imagefield-lightbox2-scale-300x imagefield-field_imagefile imagecache imagecache-field_imagefile imagecache-scale-300x imagecache-field_imagefile-scale-300x"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130429104829im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-300x/media/images/photographs/2012_Lebanon_map_fr.jpg"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-image-caption-value"> <div class="field-content"><div><a href="/web/20130429104829/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2012_Lebanon_map_fr.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile]" class="image-enlarge">Enlarge</a></div> <p></p></div> </div> <div class="views-field-field-copyright-value"> <span class="field-content">© 2012 Human Rights Watch</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-news-additional"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-content"> <div class="field-label">Related Materials:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-reference-views-formatter view-id-reference_views_formatter view-display-id-reference_field_1 news-related-materials view-dom-id-2"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130429104829/http://www.hrw.org/fr/world-report-%5Bscheduler-publish-yyyy%5D/liban">Liban</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">janvier, 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content"></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-pullquote"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> « Le gouvernement et le parlement libanais ont manqué l'occasion de faire avancer les droits humains l'an dernier en ignorant ou en rejetant des reformes et des propositions essentielles. Les candidats aux élections qui se tiendront en 2013 devraient adopter une position claire sur les questions fondamentales relatives aux droits humains, et expliquer comment ils comptent respecter leurs engagements. » </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> Nadim Houry, Directeur adjoint de la division Moyen-Orient </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p>(Beyrouth) &ndash; En 2012, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130429104829/http://www.hrw.org/middle-eastn-africa/lebanon" target="_blank">le Liban</a> n&#39;a pas mis en &oelig;uvre les r&eacute;formes n&eacute;cessaires pour &eacute;radiquer les abus commis dans le cadre d&#39;arrestations et de d&eacute;tentions, pour promouvoir les droits des femmes et pour prot&eacute;ger les migrants et les r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s, a d&eacute;clar&eacute; Human Rights Watch lors d&#39;une conf&eacute;rence de presse tenue &agrave; l&#39;occasion de la pr&eacute;sentation de son <em><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130429104829/http://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013" target="_blank">Rapport mondial 2013</a></em>.<br/> <br/> Le gouvernement libanais devrait prendre l&#39;engagement d&#39;am&eacute;liorer son bilan en mati&egrave;re de droits humains en 2013, a ajout&eacute; Human Rights Watch. Il devrait instaurer un m&eacute;canisme de visite et de surveillance des lieux de d&eacute;tention, comme l&#39;exige le Protocole facultatif se rapportant &agrave; la Convention contre la torture qu&#39;il a ratifi&eacute; en 2008, et modifier les lois discriminatoires &agrave; l&#39;encontre des femmes en mati&egrave;re de citoyennet&eacute;, d&#39;acc&egrave;s au divorce et de garde des enfants. Le pays devrait &eacute;galement poursuivre sa politique d&#39;ouverture des fronti&egrave;res afin de permettre &agrave; ceux qui fuient la Syrie d&#39;entrer au Liban en toute s&eacute;curit&eacute; et maintenir une politique de non-expulsion de quiconque vers la Syrie tant que le conflit perdure. Le gouvernement devrait cesser d&#39;arr&ecirc;ter les r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s syriens ou autres s&eacute;journant ill&eacute;galement sur son territoire.<br/> <br/> &laquo;&nbsp;Le gouvernement et le parlement libanais ont manqu&eacute; l&#39;occasion de faire avancer les droits humains l&#39;an dernier en ignorant ou en rejetant des reformes et des propositions essentielles&nbsp;&raquo; a d&eacute;clar&eacute; <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130429104829/http://www.hrw.org/bios/nadim-houry" target="_blank">Nadim Houry</a>, Directeur adjoint de la division Moyen-Orient &agrave; Human Rights Watch. &laquo;&nbsp;Les candidats aux &eacute;lections qui se tiendront en 2013 devraient adopter une position claire sur les questions fondamentales relatives aux droits humains, et expliquer comment ils comptent respecter leurs engagements.&nbsp;&raquo;<br/> <br/> Dans son rapport de 665 pages, Human Rights Watch a &eacute;valu&eacute; les progr&egrave;s r&eacute;alis&eacute;s dans le domaine des droits humains au cours de l&#39;ann&eacute;e &eacute;coul&eacute;e dans plus de 90 pays, faisant notamment une analyse des suites des soul&egrave;vements dans le monde arabe. La volont&eacute; des nouveaux gouvernements de respecter les droits humains d&eacute;terminera si les soul&egrave;vements dans le monde arabe ont donn&eacute; naissance &agrave; une v&eacute;ritable d&eacute;mocratie ou s&#39;ils n&#39;ont fait qu&#39;accoucher d&#39;autoritarisme par&eacute; de nouveaux atours, a d&eacute;clar&eacute; Human Rights Watch.<br/> <br/> <strong>Les droits des d&eacute;tenus</strong><br/> Un certain nombre de personnes &ndash; des r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s, des migrants, des consommateurs de drogue, des membres de la communaut&eacute; LGBT et des travailleurs du sexe &ndash; ont rapport&eacute; &agrave; Human Rights Watch avoir &eacute;t&eacute; tortur&eacute;es ou maltrait&eacute;es par des membres des forces de s&eacute;curit&eacute; au cours de l&#39;ann&eacute;e 2012. Certains ont d&eacute;clar&eacute; avoir &eacute;t&eacute; maltrait&eacute;s au cours d&#39;une arrestation, d&#39;autres dans des centres de d&eacute;tention, notamment le centre de d&eacute;tention de la s&eacute;curit&eacute; g&eacute;n&eacute;rale &agrave; Adlieh et le poste de police de Hobeish &agrave; Beyrouth, qui abrite la brigade des m&oelig;urs des Forces de s&eacute;curit&eacute; int&eacute;rieure (FSI). Les formes les plus communes de torture relat&eacute;es comprenaient des coups port&eacute;s en divers endroits du corps avec les poings, des bottes ou des instruments tels qu&#39;un b&acirc;ton, une canne ou une r&egrave;gle.</p> <p>En juillet, la brigade des m&oelig;urs a arr&ecirc;t&eacute; 36 hommes lors d&#39;une descente effectu&eacute;e dans un th&eacute;&acirc;tre suspect&eacute; de projeter des films pornographiques&nbsp;; ils ont ensuite &eacute;t&eacute; transf&eacute;r&eacute;s au poste de police de Hobeish o&ugrave; ils ont subi des examens anaux r&eacute;alis&eacute;s par des m&eacute;decins l&eacute;gistes sur ordre du procureur g&eacute;n&eacute;ral, afin de &laquo;&nbsp;prouver&nbsp;&raquo;, soi-disant, lesquels d&#39;entre eux avaient eu des relations homosexuelles.</p> <p>De tels traitements enfreignent les normes internationales contre la torture. Le Syndicat des m&eacute;decins libanais a d&eacute;nonc&eacute; ces examens comme une forme de torture et a &eacute;mis une directive en ao&ucirc;t appelant les docteurs &agrave; ne pas les pratiquer. En septembre, le ministre de la Justice, Shakib Qortbawi, a demand&eacute; l&#39;arr&ecirc;t des examens anaux.<br/> <br/> En ao&ucirc;t, le FSI a arr&ecirc;t&eacute; 14 r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s soudanais et demandeurs d&#39;asile qui occupaient l&#39;une des entr&eacute;es du bureau du Haut Commissariat des Nations unies pour les r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s (UNHCR) &agrave; Beyrouth, en guise de protestation contre la mani&egrave;re dont l&#39;agence traitait leur affaire. Les r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s ont fait savoir que des responsables du FSI avaient donn&eacute; des coups de pied, insult&eacute; et menac&eacute; certains d&#39;entre eux au cours de l&#39;arrestation, et que lorsque le groupe &eacute;tait arriv&eacute; au centre de d&eacute;tention de la s&eacute;curit&eacute; g&eacute;n&eacute;rale &agrave; Adlieh, certains d&#39;entre eux avaient &eacute;t&eacute; rou&eacute;s de coups, humili&eacute;s et menac&eacute;s, y compris d&#39;expulsion.<br/> <br/> Le minist&egrave;re de la Justice a r&eacute;pondu &agrave; une lettre de Human Rights Watch d&eacute;taillant les r&eacute;cits d&#39;abus commis. Il a d&eacute;clar&eacute; que ses enqu&ecirc;tes internes indiquaient que l&#39;usage de la force avait bel et bien &eacute;t&eacute; fait dans deux des trois cas d&#39;all&eacute;gations de s&eacute;vices physiques, mais que dans le premier, il en avait &eacute;t&eacute; fait usage afin de ma&icirc;triser un d&eacute;tenu malade mental qui attaquait les agents de s&eacute;curit&eacute;, et dans le second, afin de r&eacute;primer une mutinerie qui avait &eacute;clat&eacute;e en prison. Le minist&egrave;re a ni&eacute; l&#39;existence du troisi&egrave;me cas de violence. Il n&#39;a ni r&eacute;pondu aux menaces pr&eacute;sum&eacute;es d&#39;expulsion ni expliqu&eacute; les mesures prises dans cette affaire. Il s&#39;est content&eacute; de faire interroger les d&eacute;tenus lib&eacute;r&eacute;s afin d&#39;enqu&ecirc;ter sur les all&eacute;gations.</p> <p>En octobre, des membres de l&#39;arm&eacute;e libanaise ont aussi pass&eacute; &agrave; tabac au moins 72 travailleurs migrants de sexe masculin dans le quartier de Geitawi, &agrave; Beyrouth. Les soldats ne les ont pas interrog&eacute;s au sujet d&#39;un incident en particulier, mais les ont accus&eacute;s d&#39;avoir &laquo;&nbsp;harcel&eacute; des femmes&nbsp;&raquo;. Dans une d&eacute;claration publique, l&#39;arm&eacute;e libanaise a reconnu avoir arr&ecirc;t&eacute; onze de ces migrants, sans toutefois pr&eacute;ciser les charges retenues contre eux.</p> <p>&laquo;&nbsp;Les abus perp&eacute;tr&eacute;s par les forces de s&eacute;curit&eacute; continueront &agrave; &ecirc;tre monnaie courante tant que le Liban ne sanctionnera pas leurs auteurs et n&#39;instaurera pas de m&eacute;canismes de surveillance des lieux de d&eacute;tention&nbsp;&raquo; a d&eacute;clar&eacute; Nadim Houry.</p> <p><strong>Les droits des femmes</strong><br/> Les lois sur le statut personnel au Liban, d&eacute;termin&eacute;es par l&#39;appartenance religieuse d&#39;un individu, incluent des dispositions discriminatoires qui portent pr&eacute;judice aux femmes et les d&eacute;savantagent nettement. Les femmes ont un acc&egrave;s in&eacute;gal au divorce en fonction de leur appartenance religieuse, mais dans tous les cas, ce droit est inf&eacute;rieur &agrave; celui des hommes. Cela oblige certaines d&#39;entre elles &agrave; rester mari&eacute;es &agrave; des conjoints violents, et en cas de divorce, elles font souvent l&#39;objet de discrimination en mati&egrave;re de garde des enfants. En janvier 2013, un comit&eacute; gouvernemental a rejet&eacute; une proposition visant &agrave; accorder aux femmes libanaises le droit de transmettre leur nationalit&eacute; &agrave; leurs conjoints &eacute;trangers et &agrave; leurs enfants. Le Parlement doit voter la version modifi&eacute;e d&#39;un projet de loi de 2010 visant &agrave; prot&eacute;ger les femmes contre la violence conjugale, texte qui a fait l&#39;objet de critiques de la part d&rsquo;associations de d&eacute;fense des droits des femmes.</p> <p><strong>Les droits des r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s et des migrants</strong><br/> Le Liban conna&icirc;t un afflux de Syriens qui tentent d&#39;&eacute;chapper &agrave; la crise dans leur pays. &Agrave; la mi-janvier, 151&nbsp;602 r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s syriens s&#39;&eacute;taient inscrits aupr&egrave;s du Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s et 67&nbsp;061 &eacute;tant en attente d&rsquo;enregistrement. L&#39;enregistrement n&#39;accorde pas de statut juridique aux Syriens, seulement le droit de b&eacute;n&eacute;ficier d&#39;une aide. Par cons&eacute;quent, ils s&#39;exposent au risque de d&eacute;tention, voire d&#39;expulsion. Tandis qu&#39;il a choisi de maintenir ses fronti&egrave;res ouvertes, le Liban a expuls&eacute; 14 Syriens vers leur pays en ao&ucirc;t, dont quatre d&#39;entre eux ont d&eacute;clar&eacute; craindre la pers&eacute;cution une fois de retour chez eux. Les m&eacute;dias locaux ont pourtant fait savoir que le ministre des Affaires sociales, Wael Abou Faour, avait d&eacute;clar&eacute; en janvier que le gouvernement libanais n&#39;expulserait aucun Syrien vers son pays d&#39;origine.</p> <p>Le droit coutumier international sur les r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s et le droit international des droits humains intiment &agrave; tous les pays de respecter le principe de non-refoulement qui interdit le d&eacute;part forc&eacute; d&#39;un individu vers un autre pays pr&eacute;sentant un risque r&eacute;el de pers&eacute;cution, ou dans lequel la personne courrait le risque de graves violations de ses droits humains.<br/> <br/> De nombreux r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s syriens install&eacute;s au Liban disent ne pas se sentir en s&eacute;curit&eacute;, particuli&egrave;rement apr&egrave;s la vague d&#39;enl&egrave;vements de Syriens qui a eu lieu au Liban et d&#39;autres attaques survenues en ao&ucirc;t en guise de repr&eacute;sailles suite au kidnapping de chiites libanais par des groupes d&#39;opposition arm&eacute;s en Syrie. En juin, des hommes arm&eacute;s ont enlev&eacute; Suleiman Mohammed al-Ahmad, de nationalit&eacute; libanaise, &agrave; Hisah, au Liban, et l&#39;ont maintenu ill&eacute;galement en d&eacute;tention dans ce pays. Il a &eacute;t&eacute; rel&acirc;ch&eacute; apr&egrave;s que ses proches ont organis&eacute; une s&eacute;rie d&#39;enl&egrave;vements en guise de repr&eacute;sailles au Liban. Personne n&#39;a &eacute;t&eacute; arr&ecirc;t&eacute; pour les premiers enl&egrave;vements commis ou les kidnappings ult&eacute;rieurs perp&eacute;tr&eacute;s en guise de repr&eacute;sailles.<br/> <br/> &laquo;&nbsp;Le Liban devrait maintenir ses portes ouvertes pour laisser entrer les r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s syriens et garantir leur s&eacute;curit&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo; a d&eacute;clar&eacute; Nadim Houry. &laquo;&nbsp;La r&eacute;ponse de la communaut&eacute; internationale devrait se faire plus forte au fur et &agrave; mesure que les besoins de ces r&eacute;fugi&eacute;s augmentent.&nbsp;&raquo;<br/> <br/> Le Liban n&#39;a pas encore modifi&eacute; ses lois visant &agrave; prot&eacute;ger les quelque 200&nbsp;000 travailleurs domestiques migrants contre un nombre excessif d&#39;heures de travail, le non-paiement de leurs salaires et le confinement sur leur lieu de travail. Il doit en outre adopter des politiques afin d&#39;&eacute;radiquer les abus physiques et sexuels dont sont victimes les migrants.<br/> <br/> En janvier, le ministre du Travail, Charbel Nahhas, a annonc&eacute; qu&#39;il allait se pencher sur l&#39;abolition du syst&egrave;me de parrainage des employeurs (&laquo;&nbsp;kafala&nbsp;&raquo;) qui rend difficile pour un employ&eacute; le fait de quitter son employeur. Or le ministre a d&eacute;missionn&eacute; de son poste pour des raisons tout autres un mois plus tard. Reste au nouveau ministre du Travail, Salim Jreissati, &agrave; pr&eacute;senter un projet de l&eacute;gislation ou des politiques visant &agrave; prot&eacute;ger les travailleurs.</p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_ar first"><a href="/web/20130429104829/http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2013/02/07/2012" title="لبنان - ركود عملية الإصلاح في 2012" class="translation-link">العربية</a></li> <li class="node_translation_en last"><a href="/web/20130429104829/http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/02/07/lebanon-stagnation-reforms-2012" title="Lebanon: Stagnation on Reforms in 2012 " class="translation-link">English</a></li> </ul></div><div class="service-links"><div class="service-label">Share </div><ul class="links"><li class="service-links-facebook first"><a 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