CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Fire services in the United Kingdom - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7cfc61b6-4d43-41d0-a41a-59b920c3b27c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom","wgTitle":"Fire services in the United Kingdom","wgCurRevisionId":1258225936,"wgRevisionId":1258225936,"wgArticleId":6796416,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from April 2024","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from July 2015","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2020","Commons category link is locally defined","Official website not in Wikidata", "Fire and rescue in the United Kingdom","Fire and rescue services of Scotland","Lists of fire departments"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom","wgRelevantArticleId":6796416,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3090847","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/LFB_Dual_Pump_Ladder_IMG_7079.jpg/1200px-LFB_Dual_Pump_Ladder_IMG_7079.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/LFB_Dual_Pump_Ladder_IMG_7079.jpg/800px-LFB_Dual_Pump_Ladder_IMG_7079.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/LFB_Dual_Pump_Ladder_IMG_7079.jpg/640px-LFB_Dual_Pump_Ladder_IMG_7079.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Fire services in the United Kingdom - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom rootpage-Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Fire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Fire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Fire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Fire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_framework" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_framework"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legislative framework</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legislative_framework-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legislative framework subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legislative_framework-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legislation_(United_Kingdom,_Great_Britain_or_England_and_Wales)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation_(United_Kingdom,_Great_Britain_or_England_and_Wales)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Legislation (United Kingdom, Great Britain or England and Wales)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation_(United_Kingdom,_Great_Britain_or_England_and_Wales)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Select_committee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Select_committee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Select committee</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Select_committee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation_and_administration_(England)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation_and_administration_(England)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Legislation and administration (England)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation_and_administration_(England)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation_and_administration_(Northern_Ireland)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation_and_administration_(Northern_Ireland)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Legislation and administration (Northern Ireland)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation_and_administration_(Northern_Ireland)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation_and_administration_(Scotland)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation_and_administration_(Scotland)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Legislation and administration (Scotland)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation_and_administration_(Scotland)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislation_and_administration_(Wales)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislation_and_administration_(Wales)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Legislation and administration (Wales)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislation_and_administration_(Wales)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_responsibility_for_fire_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_responsibility_for_fire_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Government responsibility for fire services</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_responsibility_for_fire_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government responsibility for fire services subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_responsibility_for_fire_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Central_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Central government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fire_service_ministers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_service_ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Fire service ministers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_service_ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Regional government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Northern Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inspections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inspections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Inspections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inspections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fire_service_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_service_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fire service structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fire_service_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fire service structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fire_service_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-FRS_or_brigade-level" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FRS_or_brigade-level"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>FRS or brigade-level</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FRS_or_brigade-level-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Firefighters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Firefighters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Firefighters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Firefighters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranks_and_roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks_and_roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ranks and roles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ranks_and_roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resilience" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resilience"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Resilience</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resilience-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fire_service_funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_service_funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fire service funding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_service_funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modernisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modernisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Modernisation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modernisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modernisation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modernisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_need_for_modernisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_need_for_modernisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>The need for modernisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_need_for_modernisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Dimension" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Dimension"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>New Dimension</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Dimension-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FireLink" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FireLink"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>FireLink</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FireLink-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FiReControl" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FiReControl"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>FiReControl</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FiReControl-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fire_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Fire safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fire_safety_statistics_in_the_UK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_safety_statistics_in_the_UK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Fire safety statistics in the UK</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_safety_statistics_in_the_UK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incident_reporting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incident_reporting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Incident reporting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Incident_reporting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_fire_and_rescue_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_fire_and_rescue_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Public fire and rescue services</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_fire_and_rescue_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public fire and rescue services subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_fire_and_rescue_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-England_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northern_Ireland_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Ireland_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Northern Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Ireland_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scotland_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scotland_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scotland_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wales_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wales_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wales_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crown_Dependencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crown_Dependencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Crown Dependencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crown_Dependencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_UK_fire_and_rescue_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_UK_fire_and_rescue_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Other UK fire and rescue services</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_UK_fire_and_rescue_services-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other UK fire and rescue services subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_UK_fire_and_rescue_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airport_fire_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport_fire_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Airport fire services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport_fire_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defence_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defence_Fire_and_Rescue_Service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Defence Fire and Rescue Service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defence_Fire_and_Rescue_Service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fire_services_protecting_royal_properties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_services_protecting_royal_properties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Fire services protecting royal properties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_services_protecting_royal_properties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_and_industrial_FRS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_and_industrial_FRS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Private and industrial FRS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_and_industrial_FRS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civil_nuclear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_nuclear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4.1</span> <span>Civil nuclear</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_nuclear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4.2</span> <span>Ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Event_fire_safety_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Event_fire_safety_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4.3</span> <span>Event fire safety services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Event_fire_safety_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fire services in the United Kingdom</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwasanaethau_t%C3%A2n_ac_achub_y_Deyrnas_Unedig" title="Gwasanaethau tân ac achub y Deyrnas Unedig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwasanaethau tân ac achub y Deyrnas Unedig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feuerwehr_in_Gro%C3%9Fbritannien" title="Feuerwehr in Großbritannien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Feuerwehr in Großbritannien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servicio_de_bomberos_en_el_Reino_Unido" title="Servicio de bomberos en el Reino Unido – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Servicio de bomberos en el Reino Unido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompier_au_Royaume-Uni" title="Pompier au Royaume-Uni – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pompier au Royaume-Uni" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Fire services in the United Kingdom" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%B6%88%E9%98%B2%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" title="英国消防机构 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="英国消防机构" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3090847#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&oldid=1258225936" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&id=1258225936&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Firefighters_of_the_United_Kingdom" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3090847" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LFB_Dual_Pump_Ladder_IMG_7079.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/LFB_Dual_Pump_Ladder_IMG_7079.jpg/300px-LFB_Dual_Pump_Ladder_IMG_7079.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/LFB_Dual_Pump_Ladder_IMG_7079.jpg/450px-LFB_Dual_Pump_Ladder_IMG_7079.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/LFB_Dual_Pump_Ladder_IMG_7079.jpg/600px-LFB_Dual_Pump_Ladder_IMG_7079.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5062" data-file-height="3375" /></a><figcaption>A fire engine of the <a href="/wiki/London_Fire_Brigade" title="London Fire Brigade">London Fire Brigade</a>, the second-largest service in the country after the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Scottish Fire and Rescue Service">Scottish Fire and Rescue Service</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Merseyside_Fire_and_Rescue_on_STanley_STreet,_Liverpool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Merseyside_Fire_and_Rescue_on_STanley_STreet%2C_Liverpool.jpg/300px-Merseyside_Fire_and_Rescue_on_STanley_STreet%2C_Liverpool.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Merseyside_Fire_and_Rescue_on_STanley_STreet%2C_Liverpool.jpg/450px-Merseyside_Fire_and_Rescue_on_STanley_STreet%2C_Liverpool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Merseyside_Fire_and_Rescue_on_STanley_STreet%2C_Liverpool.jpg/600px-Merseyside_Fire_and_Rescue_on_STanley_STreet%2C_Liverpool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Merseyside_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service">Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service</a> in action</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>fire services in the United Kingdom</b> operate under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. </p><p>As of 2023, emergency cover is provided by 49 <i>fire and rescue services</i> (FRS) in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-ONS_Geography_Guide_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONS_Geography_Guide-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The older terms of <i>fire brigade</i> and <i>fire service</i> survive in informal usage and in the names of a few organisations. England and Wales have local fire services which are each overseen by a <a href="/wiki/Fire_authority" title="Fire authority">fire authority</a>, which is made up of representatives of local governments. Fire authorities have the power to raise a <a href="/wiki/Council_Tax" title="Council Tax">Council Tax</a> levy for funding, with the remainder coming from the government. Scotland and Northern Ireland have centralised fire services, and so their authorities are effectively committees of the devolved parliaments. The total budget for fire services in 2014-15 was £2.9 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Central government maintains national standards and a body of independent advisers through the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Fire_and_Rescue_Adviser" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser">Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser</a>, which was created in 2007, while <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Inspectorate_of_Constabulary_and_Fire_%26_Rescue_Services" title="His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services">His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services</a> provides direct oversight. The devolved government in Scotland has a similar agency, <a href="/wiki/HMFSI_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="HMFSI Scotland">HMFSI Scotland</a>. </p><p>Firefighters in the United Kingdom are allowed to join unions, the main one being the <a href="/wiki/Fire_Brigades_Union" title="Fire Brigades Union">Fire Brigades Union</a>, while chief fire officers (the heads of the various FRS) are members of the <a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Chiefs_Council" title="National Fire Chiefs Council">National Fire Chiefs Council</a> (formerly the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Fire_Officers_Association" title="Chief Fire Officers Association">Chief Fire Officers Association</a>), which has some role in national co-ordination.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fire services have undergone significant changes since the beginning of the 21st century, a process that has been propelled by a devolution of central government powers, new legislation and a change to operational procedures in the light of terrorism attacks and threats. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dennis1951FireTender.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Dennis1951FireTender.jpg/220px-Dennis1951FireTender.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Dennis1951FireTender.jpg/330px-Dennis1951FireTender.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Dennis1951FireTender.jpg/440px-Dennis1951FireTender.jpg 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="626" /></a><figcaption>A 1951 Dennis P12 fire appliance belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a> Fire Brigade</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_fire_brigades_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of fire brigades in the United Kingdom">History of fire brigades in the United Kingdom</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_framework">Legislative framework</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legislative framework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>See separate article <a href="/wiki/History_of_fire_safety_legislation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom">History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom</a></i></li> <li><i>Comprehensive list of recent UK fire and rescue service legislation:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/SearchResults.aspx?TYPE=QS&Title=Fire&Year=&Number=&LegType=All+Legislation">[1]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislation_(United_Kingdom,_Great_Britain_or_England_and_Wales)"><span id="Legislation_.28United_Kingdom.2C_Great_Britain_or_England_and_Wales.29"></span>Legislation (United Kingdom, Great Britain or England and Wales)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Legislation (United Kingdom, Great Britain or England and Wales)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fire services are established and granted their powers under fairly new legislation which has replaced a number of <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Acts of Parliament">Acts of Parliament</a> dating back more than 60 years, but is still undergoing change; a rough timeline can be seen below. </p> <ul><li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Fire_Brigades_Act_1938" title="Fire Brigades Act 1938">Fire Brigades Act 1938</a> (<a href="/wiki/1_%26_2_Geo._6" class="mw-redirect" title="1 & 2 Geo. 6">1 & 2 Geo. 6</a>. c. 72). This Act (which is no longer in force) provided for centralised co-ordination of fire brigades in Great Britain and made it mandatory for local authorities to arrange an effective fire service.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Fire_Services_Act_1947" title="Fire Services Act 1947">Fire Services Act 1947</a> This Act transferred the functions of the National Fire Service to local authorities. Now repealed entirely in England and Wales by Schedule 2 of the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004.</li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Fire_Services_Act_1959" title="Fire Services Act 1959">Fire Services Act 1959</a> This Act amended the 1947 Act; it dealt with pensions, staffing arrangements and provision of services by other authorities. It was repealed in England and Wales along with the 1947 Act.</li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority_Act_1999" title="Greater London Authority Act 1999">Greater London Authority Act 1999</a> This act was necessary to allow for the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a> and in turn the <a href="/wiki/London_Fire_and_Emergency_Planning_Authority" title="London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority">London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority</a>.</li></ul> <p>In 2002, there was a series of national <a href="/wiki/UK_Firefighter_dispute_2002/2003" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Firefighter dispute 2002/2003">fire strikes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with much of the discontent caused by the aforementioned report into the fire service conducted by Sir George Bain. In December 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Review_of_the_Fire_Service" title="Independent Review of the Fire Service">Independent Review of the Fire Service</a> was published with the industrial action still ongoing; it made radical proposals to how the fire service should be organised and managed. Bain's report ultimately led to a change in the laws relating to firefighting. </p> <ul><li>2002: Independent Review of the Fire Service published<sup id="cite_ref-irfs_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irfs-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Fire_and_Rescue_Services_Act_2004" title="Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004">Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> generally only applying to England and Wales.</li> <li>2006: The <a href="/wiki/Regulatory_Reform_(Fire_Safety)_Order_2005" title="Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005">Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This piece of secondary legislation or <a href="/wiki/Statutory_instrument" title="Statutory instrument">statutory instrument</a> replaces several other acts that dealt with fire precautions and fire safety in premises, including the now defunct process of issuing fire certificates. It came into force on 1 October 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DfCLG has published a set of guides for non-domestic premises:<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060904180906/http://www.communities.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1162101">[2]</a></li> <li>2006: The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wales_Act_2006" title="Government of Wales Act 2006">Government of Wales Act 2006</a> gave the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_for_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly for Wales">National Assembly for Wales</a> powers to pass laws on "Fire and rescue services. [and] Promotion of fire safety otherwise than by prohibition or regulation." but does not prevent future legislation being passed by the UK government which applies to two or more constituent countries.</li> <li>2022: Fire Safety (England) Regulations 2022 were introduced, which implement most of the Grenfell Tower Inquiry recommendations. The law came in force from 23 January 2023, and form part of a package of fire safety measures that the UK government delivered following the <a href="/wiki/Grenfell_Tower_fire" title="Grenfell Tower fire">Grenfell Tower fire</a> to protect the public from potential fire hazards.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>There are further plans to modernise the fire service according to the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Association" title="Local Government Association">Local Government Association</a>. Its website outlines future changes, and specific projects: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The aim of the Fire Modernisation Programme is to adopt modern work practices within the Fire & Rescue Service to become more efficient and effective, while strengthening the contingency and resilience of the Service to react to incidents.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Select_committee">Select committee</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Select committee"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fire service in England and Wales is scrutinised by a <a href="/wiki/Select_committee_(United_Kingdom)" title="Select committee (United Kingdom)">select committee</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="British House of Commons">House of Commons</a>. In June 2006, the fire and rescue service select committee, under the auspices of the Communities and Local Government Committee, published its latest report. </p><p>The committee's brief is: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Communities and Local Government Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department for Communities and Local Government and its associated bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The committee's report, and the subsequent government response in September 2006,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are important as they outlined progress on the FiReControl, efforts to address diversity and the planned closure of HMFSI in 2007 among many issues. </p><p>Both documents are interesting<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title=""Interesting" is highly subjective. It sure be removed or properly qualified (September 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> as they refer back to Professor Bain's report and the many recommendations it made and continue to put forward the notion that there is an ongoing need to modernise FRSs. For example, where FRSs were historically inspected by HMFSI, much of this work is now carried out by the <a href="/wiki/National_Audit_Office_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Audit Office (United Kingdom)">National Audit Office</a>. </p><p>On 8 February 2010, the House of Commons <a href="/wiki/Communities_and_Local_Government_Select_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities and Local Government Select Committee">Communities and Local Government Select Committee</a> heard evidence on the Fire Control project.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Called to give evidence were Councillors <a href="/wiki/Brian_Coleman" title="Brian Coleman">Brian Coleman</a> and James Pearson from the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Association" title="Local Government Association">Local Government Association</a>. Also giving evidence <a href="/wiki/Matt_Wrack" title="Matt Wrack">Matt Wrack</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Fire_Brigades_Union" title="Fire Brigades Union">Fire Brigades Union</a> and John Bonney <a href="/wiki/Chief_Fire_Officers_Association" title="Chief Fire Officers Association">Chief Fire Officers Association</a>. The second session heard evidence from <a href="/wiki/Shahid_Malik" title="Shahid Malik">Shahid Malik</a> MP Fire Minister, Sir <a href="/wiki/Ken_Knight" title="Ken Knight">Ken Knight</a> <a href="/wiki/Chief_Fire_and_Rescue_Adviser" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser">Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser</a>, Shona Dunn Director for Fire and Resilience Department for Communities and Local Government, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Southwell" title="Robin Southwell">Robin Southwell</a> CEO and Roger Diggle Project Director <a href="/wiki/EADS" class="mw-redirect" title="EADS">EADS</a>. The committee was chaired by <a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Starkey" title="Phyllis Starkey">Phyllis Starkey</a> MP and attracted significant media attention.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislation_and_administration_(England)"><span id="Legislation_and_administration_.28England.29"></span>Legislation and administration (England)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legislation and administration (England)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of the Government of Wales Act 2006, future legislation might be passed that can only affect England. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislation_and_administration_(Northern_Ireland)"><span id="Legislation_and_administration_.28Northern_Ireland.29"></span>Legislation and administration (Northern Ireland)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legislation and administration (Northern Ireland)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fire and rescue services in Northern Ireland are provided by a single entity, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service">Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Statutory_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory Corporation">Statutory Corporation</a> funded by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health,_Social_Services_and_Public_Safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety">Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety</a>. </p> <ul><li>1950: When the <a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Service" title="National Fire Service">National Fire Service</a> Northern Ireland was disbanded, three fire authorities took control of firefighting but were unified as the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Belfast_Fire_Brigade" title="History of the Belfast Fire Brigade">Northern Ireland Fire Authority in 1950</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Fire Services (Amendment) Act (Northern Ireland) 1950 became primary legislation in the same year.</li> <li>2006: Fire and Rescue Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006 S.I. No. 1254 (N.I.9)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislation_and_administration_(Scotland)"><span id="Legislation_and_administration_.28Scotland.29"></span>Legislation and administration (Scotland)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legislation and administration (Scotland)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fire services in Scotland are the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_for_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretary for Justice">Cabinet Secretary for Justice</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously the responsibility lay with the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotland" title="Secretary of State for Scotland">Secretary of State for Scotland</a> (the relevant "Secretary of State" referred to in legislation applicable to Scotland). </p> <ul><li>1824: Establishment of municipal fire service in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first public fire brigade in the UK<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1885: Creation of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Office" title="Scottish Office">Scottish Office</a> transferring administrative (but not legislative) responsibility to <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotland" title="Secretary of State for Scotland">Secretary of State for Scotland</a>.</li> <li>1938: Fire Services Act 1938 combined the functions of 185 fire brigades and imposed fire-fighting duties upon local authorities,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1941: Fire brigades transferred to <a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Service" title="National Fire Service">National Fire Service</a> (NFS) to form No.11 Region<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>].</li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Fire_Services_Act_1947" title="Fire Services Act 1947">Fire Services Act 1947</a> returned fire brigades in Scotland to local authority control,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mostly via joint boards. 11 brigades were created<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resembling somewhat the NFS areas. Section 36 of the Act dealt with its application to Scotland. Parts of the Act remain in force in Scotland.</li> <li>1959: Parts of the UK <a href="/wiki/Fire_Services_Act_1959" title="Fire Services Act 1959">Fire Services Act 1959</a> remain in force in Scotland.</li> <li>1996: Creation of additional joint boards consequent to local government re-organisation.</li> <li>1999: Responsibility transfers from Secretary of State for Scotland to the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Executive" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Executive">Scottish Executive</a></li> <li>2002: Consultation Paper: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2002/04/sfsf/0">"The Scottish Fire Service of the Future"</a></li> <li>2003: Consultation Paper: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2003/10/18316/File-1">"The Scottish Fire and Rescue Service: legislative proposals"</a>.</li> <li>2004: introduction of Fire (Scotland) Bill consequent to 2003 consultation paper.</li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Fire_(Scotland)_Act_2005" title="Fire (Scotland) Act 2005">Fire (Scotland) Act 2005</a> The scope of this act includes a "fire safety regime for non-domestic premises", but it also includes legislation that allows for the provision and operation of fire and rescue services for the eight local authority and joint board FRS in Scotland.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Police_and_Fire_Reform_(Scotland)_Act_2012" title="Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012">Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012</a>, creating a single <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Scottish Fire and Rescue Service">Scottish Fire and Rescue Service</a> with effect from 1 April 2013</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislation_and_administration_(Wales)"><span id="Legislation_and_administration_.28Wales.29"></span>Legislation and administration (Wales)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legislation and administration (Wales)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2006 : The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Wales_Act_2006" title="Government of Wales Act 2006">Government of Wales Act 2006</a> gave the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_for_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly for Wales">National Assembly for Wales</a> powers to pass laws on "Fire and rescue services. [and] Promotion of fire safety otherwise than by prohibition or regulation.".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_responsibility_for_fire_services">Government responsibility for fire services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Government responsibility for fire services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_government">Central government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Central government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, there had been about 1,600 local authority <a href="/wiki/Fire_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire services">fire services</a> under the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a> in England and Wales until <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. In 1941, the creation of the <a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Service" title="National Fire Service">National Fire Service</a> brought all UK fire brigades under central government control. The National Fire Service was in turn under the auspices of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Defence_Service" title="Civil Defence Service">Civil Defence Service</a>. Post-war legislation returned control to the Northern Ireland Government, the Home Office (for services in England and Wales) and the Secretary of State for Scotland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="England">England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Pier_fire_with_boat_20030328.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/West_Pier_fire_with_boat_20030328.jpg/220px-West_Pier_fire_with_boat_20030328.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/West_Pier_fire_with_boat_20030328.jpg/330px-West_Pier_fire_with_boat_20030328.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/West_Pier_fire_with_boat_20030328.jpg/440px-West_Pier_fire_with_boat_20030328.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Fire on <a href="/wiki/West_Pier" title="West Pier">West Pier</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a>, England</figcaption></figure> <p>The fire service has always been the ultimate responsibility of a government department, historically assisted by an executive agency called <a href="/wiki/Chief_Fire_and_Rescue_Adviser" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser">His Majesty's Fire Service Inspectorate</a> or HMFSI,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its function was described thus: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To achieve our vision by education and legislation, in an environment that encourages best practice, equality and diversity, health and safety and best value, and through inspection, to advance the development and continuous improvement of fire brigades.</p></blockquote> <p>Directly after the May 2001 general election, control of the fire service in England and Wales passed from the Home Office to the Department for Transport, Local Government and Regions (DTLR). This department was then broken up, creating the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing,_Communities_and_Local_Government" title="Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government">Office of the Deputy Prime Minister</a> (ODPM) which took central government responsibility. </p><p>In May 2006, the ODPM was re-structured, creating the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing,_Communities_and_Local_Government" title="Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government">Department for Communities and Local Government</a> (CLG), and it became the central government department for fire authorities in England,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but would be advised by a new department under the direction of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Fire_and_Rescue_Adviser" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser">Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser</a>. The department became the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing,_Communities_and_Local_Government" title="Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government">Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government</a> (MHCLG) in 2018, and then <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Levelling_Up,_Housing_and_Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities">Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities</a> in September 2021. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fire_service_ministers">Fire service ministers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fire service ministers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fire service minister is the most senior politician whose brief directly includes fire and rescue issues in England and Wales, other parts of the UK never having had the matter specifically under the control of a UK minister in peacetime. The fire service minister is not part of the prime minister's cabinet. The post is held by a junior minister or <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Under-Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State">Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State</a> who reports to the Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities, who takes ultimate responsibility for fire and rescue, but that is part of a much wider brief. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gove" title="Michael Gove">Michael Gove</a>: Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Greenhalgh,_Baron_Greenhalgh" title="Stephen Greenhalgh, Baron Greenhalgh">Stephen Greenhalgh, Baron Greenhalgh</a>: Appointed in 2020 as Minister of State for Fire at MHCLG<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Previous ministers include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Evans_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Angela Evans Smith">Angela Smith</a>: A former spokeswoman for Essex Fire and Rescue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Fitzpatrick_(politician)" title="Jim Fitzpatrick (politician)">Jim Fitzpatrick</a>, himself a former firefighter in the London Fire Brigade and <a href="/wiki/Fire_Brigades_Union" title="Fire Brigades Union">FBU</a> representative</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Raynsford" title="Nick Raynsford">Nick Raynsford</a> the minister in charge when legislative control shifted from the Home Office to the ODPM. Mr Raynsford was also the minister during the 2002/3 national strikes</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Regional_government">Regional government</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Regional government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below national level, there are regional and local bodies whose role it is to establish a fire authority, implement the legislation from the tier above, while working alongside the relevant HMFSI and other interested bodies. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority" title="Greater London Authority">Greater London Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Fire_and_Emergency_Planning_Authority" title="London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority">London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority</a> (under direct control of Greater London Authority)</li> <li>Metropolitan and county fire and rescue services or brigades - see below</li></ul> <p>The next level beneath that of local authority, is a brigade which usually comes under the operational command of a high ranking senior officer. Traditionally <a href="/wiki/Chief_fire_officer" title="Chief fire officer">chief fire officers</a> have risen through the ranks from firefighter, although under modernisation plans brigades can now operate graduate entry, and fast track promotion as is already the case with the <a href="/wiki/Armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed forces">armed forces</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">police</a>. The London Fire Brigade announced details of its graduate scheme in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chief Fire Officers (CFO) 'speak' collectively via the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Fire_Officers_Association" title="Chief Fire Officers Association">Chief Fire Officers Association</a>. </p> <ul><li>Fire authority: local councillors elected to set policy on its fire and rescue services, and distribute funding, and approve major spending</li> <li>Local authority: Chief executive - overall powers for all an authority's functions, including fire, rescue and resilience</li> <li>Brigade: Chief Fire Officer (CFO), Brigade Manager, or (in Greater London) Commissioner - overall operational, strategic and command of a brigade or fire and rescue service</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buncefield_explosion_from_M1_motorway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Buncefield_explosion_from_M1_motorway.jpg/220px-Buncefield_explosion_from_M1_motorway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Buncefield_explosion_from_M1_motorway.jpg/330px-Buncefield_explosion_from_M1_motorway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Buncefield_explosion_from_M1_motorway.jpg/440px-Buncefield_explosion_from_M1_motorway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Buncefield_fire" title="Buncefield fire">Buncefield fire</a></figcaption></figure> <p>CFOs do attend some operational incidents. <a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Hertfordshire Fire and Rescue Service">Hertfordshire</a>'s CFO, Roy Wilsher, took command at the <a href="/wiki/Buncefield_fire" title="Buncefield fire">Buncefield oil depot fire</a> in 2005, forming part of the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Silver_Bronze_command_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Silver Bronze command structure">gold command</a> team. If a CFO attends an incident, they will usually be the commanding officer of that incident. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scotland">Scotland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Except for the period when the <a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Service" title="National Fire Service">National Fire Service</a> existed, matters concerning fire fighting fell within the remit of the Scottish Office (later the Scottish Executive, now the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Government" title="Scottish Government">Scottish Government</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Scotland, <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Fire_Service_Inspectorate_for_Scotland" title="His Majesty's Fire Service Inspectorate for Scotland">His Majesty's Fire Service Inspectorate for Scotland</a> (commonly known HMFSI) exists to inspect the fire service to ascertain how they are discharging their functions under relevant legislation. It functions as an autonomous body under the charge of the Justice Ministry of the Scottish Government.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1 April 2013, there has been a single <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Scottish Fire and Rescue Service">Scottish Fire and Rescue Service</a> in place of the eight former regional services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_Ireland">Northern Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Northern Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Matters concerning fire fighting fell within the remit of the government of Northern Ireland, with two exceptions; the period of the existence of the National Fire Service (Northern Ireland), and the period of direct rule from Westminster when the government of Northern Ireland did not exist.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wales">Wales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Responsibility for fire and rescue services and promotion of fire safety in Wales lies with the Welsh Government.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inspections">Inspections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Inspections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Chief_Inspector_of_Fire_Services" title="His Majesty's Chief Inspector of Fire Services">His Majesty's Chief Inspector of Fire Services</a></div> <p>In England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, fire services are inspected by what was known as the Fire Service Inspectorate. In February 2007, the government announced it was establishing a new unit to provide ministers and civil servants with "independent professional advice on fire and rescue issues". It is headed by a new role known as the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Fire_and_Rescue_Adviser" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser">Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser</a>. The roles carries the historical function of His Majesty's Fire Service Inspectorate. The Chief Fire and Rescue Adviser is also titled His Majesty's Chief Inspector of Fire Services. Its role (among others) is to work towards reducing the number of fire deaths in England and Wales, and implement changes to FRS required by the <a href="/wiki/Fire_and_Rescue_Services_Act_2004" title="Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004">Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rel_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rel-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Scotland, the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service is inspected by His Majesty's Fire Service Inspectorate for Scotland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fire_service_structure">Fire service structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Fire service structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FRS_or_brigade-level">FRS or brigade-level</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: FRS or brigade-level"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brigades are further sub-divided according to local practice as follows: </p> <ul><li>Command: Large brigades, such as the <a href="/wiki/London_Fire_Brigade" title="London Fire Brigade">London Fire Brigade</a>, are divided into <i>commands</i></li> <li>Area: A brigade or FRS can also be divided into <i>areas</i>, for example London used to consist of five geographical areas: northwest, north, northeast, southwest and southeast</li> <li>Divisional: A smaller geographical area, again it can be decided locally; again London until 1986 consisted of eleven <i>divisions</i></li> <li>Borough: Brigades are now aligned with local councils, and because of London's size, its three commands also overlap with the London boroughs, so each borough is a small division. It now has borough teams,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a separate list of stations shows which borough it belongs to.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Firefighters">Firefighters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Firefighters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following types of work pattern are found at fire stations: </p> <ul><li>Wholetime: Firefighters work full-time in on two day and two night shifts within the fire service.</li> <li>Day crewed: Firefighters work a 10- to 12-hour day shift and are retained at night.</li> <li>Day crew plus: Firefighters work a 24-hour shift consisting of 12 hours in station and spending the night at an accommodation building on the fire station plot.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retained_firefighters" class="mw-redirect" title="Retained firefighters">Retained</a>: Retained firefighters are on call for long periods to respond to incidents.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are paid a salary for the time they spend on call and a greater amount for each incident they respond to, on average two or three per week. Many have jobs outside of the fire service.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volunteer_fire_department" title="Volunteer fire department">Volunteer</a>: Volunteer firefighters are now rare, though some stations are run by volunteers in certain rural areas, such as Scotland and North Yorkshire. There are two small fire services that are run entirely by volunteers – the <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Volunteer_Fire_Brigade" title="Peterborough Volunteer Fire Brigade">Peterborough Volunteer Fire Brigade</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Borth Voluntary Fire Unit (near <a href="/wiki/Aberystwyth" title="Aberystwyth">Aberystwyth</a>, Wales).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are contracted to provide services for a regular fire service.</li></ul> <p>Large town fire stations have full-time crews, though many employ retained firefighters as well. Small rural ones are usually staffed only by retained firefighters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ranks_and_roles">Ranks and roles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Ranks and roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ranks and roles vary between services, but include:<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Station commander</li> <li>Watch commander or watch officer (formerly <a href="/wiki/Station_Officer#United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Station Officer">station officer</a>, still used in the London Fire Brigade)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Officer#UK_Fire_and_Rescue_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-Officer">Sub-officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crew_commander" title="Crew commander">Crew commander</a> or crew manager (roughly equivalent to the former <a href="/wiki/Leading_firefighter" title="Leading firefighter">leading firefighter</a>)</li> <li>Firefighter</li></ul> <p>Former ranks include: </p> <ul><li>Divisional officer<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>Other fire service title </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Chief_fire_officer" title="Chief fire officer">Chief fire officer</a> </td> <td>Deputy chief fire officer </td> <td>Assistant chief fire officer </td> <td rowspan="2"> </td> <td>Area manager </td> <td>Group manager </td> <td>Station manager </td> <td>Watch manager </td> <td>Crew manager </td> <td> </td> <td>Firefighter </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/London_Fire_Brigade" title="London Fire Brigade">London</a> title </th> <td>Commissioner </td> <td>Deputy commissioner </td> <td>Assistant commissioner </td> <td>Deputy assistant commissioner </td> <td>Group commander <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(borough commander)</span> </td> <td>Station commander </td> <td>Station officer (WMB) </td> <td>Sub-officer (WMA) </td> <td>Leading firefighter (CM) </td> <td>Firefighter </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Scottish Fire and Rescue Service">Scottish</a> title </th> <td>Chief fire officer </td> <td>Deputy chief fire officer </td> <td>Assistant chief fire officer </td> <td>Deputy assistant chief fire officer </td> <td>Area manager </td> <td>Group manager </td> <td>Station manager </td> <td>Watch manager </td> <td>Crew manager </td> <td> </td> <td>Firefighter </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Isle of Man Fire and Rescue Service">Isle of Man</a> title </th> <td>Chief fire officer </td> <td>Deputy chief fire officer </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td>Divisional officer </td> <td>Assistant divisional officer </td> <td>Station officer </td> <td>Sub officer </td> <td>Leading firefighter </td> <td>Firefighter </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Gibraltar Fire and Rescue Service">Gibraltar</a> title </th> <td>Chief fire officer </td> <td>Deputy chief fire officer </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td>Divisional officer </td> <td> </td> <td>Station officer </td> <td>Sub officer </td> <td>Leading firefighter </td> <td>Firefighter </td></tr> <tr> <th>Old structure </th> <td>Chief fire officer </td> <td>Deputy chief officer </td> <td>Assistant chief officer </td> <td> </td> <td>Senior divisional officer </td> <td>Divisional officer </td> <td>Assistant divisional officer </td> <td>Station officer </td> <td>Sub officer </td> <td>Leading firefighter </td> <td>Firefighter </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>Insignia </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Fire_Brigade_-_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg/50px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg/75px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg/100px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Fire_Brigade_-_Deputy_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Deputy_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg/50px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Deputy_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Deputy_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg/75px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Deputy_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Deputy_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg/100px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Deputy_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Fire_Brigade_-_Assistant_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Assistant_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg/50px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Assistant_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Assistant_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg/75px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Assistant_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Assistant_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg/100px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Assistant_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scottish_FRS_-_Deputy_Assistant_Chief_Officer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Scottish_FRS_-_Deputy_Assistant_Chief_Officer.png/50px-Scottish_FRS_-_Deputy_Assistant_Chief_Officer.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Scottish_FRS_-_Deputy_Assistant_Chief_Officer.png/75px-Scottish_FRS_-_Deputy_Assistant_Chief_Officer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Scottish_FRS_-_Deputy_Assistant_Chief_Officer.png/100px-Scottish_FRS_-_Deputy_Assistant_Chief_Officer.png 2x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Fire_Brigade_-_Deputy_Assistant_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Deputy_Assistant_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg/50px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Deputy_Assistant_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Deputy_Assistant_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg/75px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Deputy_Assistant_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Deputy_Assistant_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg/100px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Deputy_Assistant_Commissioner_rank_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Fire_Brigade_-_Group_Commander_rank_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Group_Commander_rank_insignia.svg/50px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Group_Commander_rank_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Group_Commander_rank_insignia.svg/75px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Group_Commander_rank_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Group_Commander_rank_insignia.svg/100px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Group_Commander_rank_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Fire_Brigade_-_Station_Commander_rank_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Station_Commander_rank_insignia.svg/50px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Station_Commander_rank_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Station_Commander_rank_insignia.svg/75px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Station_Commander_rank_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Station_Commander_rank_insignia.svg/100px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Station_Commander_rank_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Fire_Brigade_-_Station_Officer_rank_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Station_Officer_rank_insignia.svg/50px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Station_Officer_rank_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Station_Officer_rank_insignia.svg/75px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Station_Officer_rank_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Station_Officer_rank_insignia.svg/100px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Station_Officer_rank_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Fire_Brigade_-_Sub-Officer_rank_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Sub-Officer_rank_insignia.svg/50px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Sub-Officer_rank_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Sub-Officer_rank_insignia.svg/75px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Sub-Officer_rank_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Sub-Officer_rank_insignia.svg/100px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Sub-Officer_rank_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Fire_Brigade_-_Leading_Firefighter_rank_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Leading_Firefighter_rank_insignia.svg/50px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Leading_Firefighter_rank_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Leading_Firefighter_rank_insignia.svg/75px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Leading_Firefighter_rank_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Leading_Firefighter_rank_insignia.svg/100px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Leading_Firefighter_rank_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Fire_Brigade_-_Firefighter_rank_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Firefighter_rank_insignia.svg/50px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Firefighter_rank_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Firefighter_rank_insignia.svg/75px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Firefighter_rank_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/London_Fire_Brigade_-_Firefighter_rank_insignia.svg/100px-London_Fire_Brigade_-_Firefighter_rank_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resilience">Resilience</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Resilience"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Smoke_house_training.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Smoke_house_training.jpg/220px-Smoke_house_training.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Smoke_house_training.jpg/330px-Smoke_house_training.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Smoke_house_training.jpg/440px-Smoke_house_training.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Service">Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Service</a> firefighter, training in a smoke house</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Office" title="Cabinet Office">Cabinet Office</a> is responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Contingencies_Secretariat" title="Civil Contingencies Secretariat">Civil Contingencies Secretariat</a> (CSS),<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which provides advice for individuals in case of a major disaster: </p><p><i>"The (web)site provides easily understandable guidance for the general public on how to prepare themselves, their families and their homes and businesses to cope during an emergency or disaster."</i> </p><p>Any such emergency or disaster is likely to involve a UK FRS, and the generic term for such contingency plans has become known as <i>resilience</i><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 'Preparing for emergencies website' gives specific government advice on fire safety, specific examples include the summer fire safety campaign, and schools' fire safety guide which are just two examples.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fire_service_funding">Fire service funding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Fire service funding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the UK, an FRS generally provides its services for free, although there are some special services that can be charged for, and some additional services that can be paid for. The service is free to the end user in the case of an emergency. Funding for the fire service comes from two principal sources: a central government grant, and a small levy on the local <a href="/wiki/Council_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Council tax">council tax</a>. This levy is called a <i>precept</i>. </p><p>There was a 17% reduction in fire service funding between 2010 and 2016, according to the <a href="/wiki/National_Audit_Office_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Audit Office (United Kingdom)">National Audit Office</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modernisation">Modernisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Modernisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_need_for_modernisation">The need for modernisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: The need for modernisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Romford_fire_station.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Romford_fire_station.JPG/220px-Romford_fire_station.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Romford_fire_station.JPG/330px-Romford_fire_station.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Romford_fire_station.JPG/440px-Romford_fire_station.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1484" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/London_Fire_Brigade" title="London Fire Brigade">London Fire Brigade</a> station at <a href="/wiki/Romford" title="Romford">Romford</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2002, Professor Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Bain_(academic)" title="George Bain (academic)">George Bain</a> was asked by the government to conduct a wide-ranging review of the fire service in the UK. His report, the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Review_of_the_Fire_Service" title="Independent Review of the Fire Service">Independent Review of the Fire Service</a>, led to rapid changes to fire and rescue services, and was the basis of what eventually became the <a href="/wiki/Fire_and_Rescue_Services_Act_2004" title="Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004">Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004</a>. Bain's terms of reference were described in September 2002 as follows: </p><p>"Having regard to the changing and developing role of the Fire Service in the United Kingdom, to inquire into and make recommendations on the future organisation and management of the Fire Service..."<sup id="cite_ref-bain_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bain-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bain's report was unpopular with firefighters, and a long period of <a href="/wiki/UK_Firefighter_dispute_2002/2003" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Firefighter dispute 2002/2003">industrial action</a> started in 2002 and continued until 2003 when a new pay and conditions package was put together. </p><p>One of the areas identified by Bain as being in need of modernisation was FRS approach to fire prevention and community fire safety. There is now more emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Fire_prevention" title="Fire prevention">fire prevention</a> and providing public information coupled with encouraging businesses and individuals to take responsibility for providing a risk assessment of businesses — which became law in October 2006. Additionally, changes to central government, local government, and geographical boundaries have affected the fire service in the UK. </p><p>The fire service in England consists of <a href="/wiki/Local_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Local authority">local authority</a> brigades or FRSs, which come under the administrative control of metropolitan and shire, or county fire authorities (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Essex_County_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Essex County Fire and Rescue Service">Essex County Fire and Rescue Service</a>). </p><p>Most <a href="/wiki/Statute" title="Statute">statutory</a> firefighting bodies consist of a fire authority and brigade, the former responsible for political and administrative aspects of service provision and the latter for delivering it. For example, <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire_County_Council" title="Oxfordshire County Council">Oxfordshire County Council</a> is responsible for <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Oxfordshire Fire and Rescue Service">Oxfordshire Fire and Rescue Service</a>. The armed forces, private fire brigades and airports all make their own firefighting provision. </p><p>Another area identified in Bain's report was the FRS' capacity to respond to major incidents. Bain's review stated that the fire service should have specific responsibilities for: "Emergency preparedness coupled with the capacity and resilience to respond to major incidents of terrorism and other chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear threats".<sup id="cite_ref-bain_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bain-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In England and Wales, three projects are being rolled out that will help the FRS deal with incidents like these. The projects come under the umbrella of the Fire Resilience programme. The programme will provide the FRS with a far greater resilience and control to handle all types of incident. </p><p>In 2010, firefighters from across the UK and European Union held an urban search and rescue exercise near <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a>. Exercise Orion simulated rescuing survivors from buildings and bridges which had collapsed during an earthquake.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_Dimension">New Dimension</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: New Dimension"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/New_Dimension_programme" title="New Dimension programme">New Dimension programme</a></div> <p>New Dimension was the first Fire Resilience project to be implemented. It provided FRSs with a wide range of equipment and vehicles to help deal with major challenges like floods and terrorist attacks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="FireLink">FireLink</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: FireLink"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/FireLink" title="FireLink">FireLink</a></div> <p>FireLink is the new digital FRS wide area communications system in England, Scotland and Wales. The FRS use wide area radios to communicate between vehicles and control rooms but there has never been a fully compatible system. FireLink is more efficient and provides greater resilience for <a href="/wiki/Gold_Silver_Bronze_command_structure" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Silver Bronze command structure">command and control</a>. The fire service's ability to communicate efficiently, across different brigades and with other emergency services has never been easy. The issue was raised by Sir Desmond Fennell, who conducted the <a href="/wiki/Public_inquiry" title="Public inquiry">public inquiry</a> into the <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Cross_fire" title="King's Cross fire">King's Cross fire</a> in 1987. Fennell recommended when his report was published in 1988 that fireground communications be addressed as an issue of "high importance".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="FiReControl">FiReControl</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: FiReControl"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/FiReControl" title="FiReControl">FiReControl</a></div> <p>Prof Bain's report highlighted many areas of proposed change that include working practices, shift hours and time spent on fire prevention duties. One of the proposals which is now well under way is the reduction of fire service control rooms. </p><p>At present, each of England's 45 (the number FRS was reduced from 46 in April 2007 with the merger of Devon and Somerset FRSs<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) FRSs handles its own calls from either the <a href="/wiki/999_(emergency_telephone_number)" title="999 (emergency telephone number)">999</a> system or <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phone</a> companies. Additionally, calls are accepted from the other emergency services by dedicated landlines. The FiReControl project planned to build nine new purpose-built Regional Control Centres (RCCs). The aim was to rationalise call handling and aim for greater communication between the emergency services. </p><p>At present, 999 calls - whether by mobile telephone or landline - are answered by a <a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT</a> operator, who feeds the call to a fire, police, ambulance, or coastguard <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Control_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency Control Centre">Emergency Control Centre</a> as required. Staff, known as control operators or control officers, also despatch the <a href="/wiki/Fire_apparatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire apparatus">fire appliances</a>, maintain radio communications and provide detailed risk and geographical information. These operators are employed by a FRS, wear a similar uniform to firefighters, and have their own rank structure. The role of specialist fire officers and control operators overlaps where they work jointly in control or command centres, but the subject of mobilising, command and control would change as the FiReControl project advances. </p><p>Following much local resistance, and change of government, the FiReControl project was abandoned in 2010. No new control rooms were opened. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fire_safety">Fire safety</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Fire safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>See separate article <a href="/wiki/History_of_fire_safety_legislation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom">History of fire safety legislation in the United Kingdom</a></i></li></ul> <p>Historically fire safety was a function of local authorities rather than the fire service however in 1947 the introduction of the Fire Services Act gave the Fire Brigades their first responsibilities for fire safety. The Fire Precautions Act 1971, the Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997 and the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 gave more powers to the service. </p><p>Today, the modernisation of the UK fire service has taken into account the role that it plays in fire safety issues and that issue is high on the agenda of most fire and rescue services. Many brigades started to produce Integrated Management Plans (IMP) to take into account these new responsibilities and produced plans for not only fire safety in the workplace but also in the community. Now all fire and rescue services have community based fire safety departments. </p><p>The Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004 now lays out in Section 6 what the fire service must do. It states that a fire and rescue authority must make provision for the purpose of promoting fire safety in its area and this must include the provision of information, publicity and encouragement in respect of the steps to be taken to prevent fires and death or injury by fire not only by the enforcement of specific fire safety legislation, but also by a proactive strategy targeted at all sections of the community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Powers">Powers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Powers_of_the_fire_service_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Powers of the fire service in the United Kingdom">Powers of the fire service in the United Kingdom</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fire_safety_statistics_in_the_UK">Fire safety statistics in the UK</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Fire safety statistics in the UK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fire_casualties_in_the_UK.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Fire_casualties_in_the_UK.png/340px-Fire_casualties_in_the_UK.png" decoding="async" width="340" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Fire_casualties_in_the_UK.png/510px-Fire_casualties_in_the_UK.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Fire_casualties_in_the_UK.png/680px-Fire_casualties_in_the_UK.png 2x" data-file-width="1262" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>Fire casualties in the UK from 1981–82 to 2014-15</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fires_in_the_UK.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Fires_in_the_UK.png/340px-Fires_in_the_UK.png" decoding="async" width="340" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Fires_in_the_UK.png/510px-Fires_in_the_UK.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Fires_in_the_UK.png/680px-Fires_in_the_UK.png 2x" data-file-width="1082" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Fires in the UK 1999–00 to 2014-15</figcaption></figure> <p>Fires and fire fatalities have dropped significantly in the UK over the past ten years as seen in the graphs to the right.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incident_reporting">Incident reporting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Incident reporting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Information about each fire incident is collected by each FRS to DCLG standards. The reporting standards include the following parameters:<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Primary or secondary fire - primary fires involve damage to property with an identifiable owner and are coded FDR1. Secondary fires do not and are coded FDR3.</li> <li>Accidental or deliberate fire</li> <li>Occupancy of dwellings for accidental residential fires: Single Occupancy; Multiple Occupancy (Same); Multiple Occupancy (Different; No Occupancy</li> <li>Deliberate secondary fires involving rubbish: domestic wheelie bins; commercial/business refuse bins; fixed/street litter bins; refuse /litter in the open.</li> <li>The involvement of children, youths or adults</li> <li>The registration plate details where available in relation to vehicle fires</li> <li>Identified building names and street locations</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_fire_and_rescue_services">Public fire and rescue services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Public fire and rescue services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="England_2">England</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avon_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Avon Fire and Rescue Service">Avon Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Bedfordshire Fire and Rescue Service">Bedfordshire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Berkshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Royal Berkshire Fire and Rescue Service">Royal Berkshire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Buckinghamshire Fire and Rescue Service">Buckinghamshire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service">Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service">Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Fire_Brigade" title="Cleveland Fire Brigade">Cleveland Fire Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service">Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham_and_Darlington_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="County Durham and Darlington Fire and Rescue Service">County Durham and Darlington Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbria_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Cumbria Fire and Rescue Service">Cumbria Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Derbyshire Fire and Rescue Service">Derbyshire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_and_Somerset_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service">Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service</a> (new FRS created by merger in 2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_and_Wiltshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorset and Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service">Dorset and Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service</a> (new FRS created by merger in 2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Sussex_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="East Sussex Fire and Rescue Service">East Sussex Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Essex County Fire and Rescue Service">Essex County Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue Service">Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service">Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampshire_%26_Isle_of_Wight_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Hampshire & Isle of Wight Fire and Rescue Service">Hampshire & Isle of Wight Fire and Rescue Service</a> (new FRS created by merger in 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereford_and_Worcester_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Hereford and Worcester Fire and Rescue Service">Hereford and Worcester Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Hertfordshire Fire and Rescue Service">Hertfordshire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humberside_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Humberside Fire and Rescue Service">Humberside Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Isles of Scilly Fire and Rescue Service">Isles of Scilly Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Lancashire Fire and Rescue Service">Lancashire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Kent Fire and Rescue Service">Kent Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicestershire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Leicestershire Fire and Rescue Service">Leicestershire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Lincolnshire Fire and Rescue Service">Lincolnshire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Fire_Brigade" title="London Fire Brigade">London Fire Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merseyside_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service">Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Norfolk Fire and Rescue Service">Norfolk Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Northamptonshire Fire and Rescue Service">Northamptonshire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Northumberland Fire and Rescue Service">Northumberland Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service">North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Nottinghamshire Fire and Rescue Service">Nottinghamshire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Oxfordshire Fire and Rescue Service">Oxfordshire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Shropshire Fire and Rescue Service">Shropshire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yorkshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="South Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service">South Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Service">Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Suffolk Fire and Rescue Service">Suffolk Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Surrey Fire and Rescue Service">Surrey Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service">Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwickshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Warwickshire Fire and Rescue Service">Warwickshire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Fire_Service" title="West Midlands Fire Service">West Midlands Fire Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sussex_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="West Sussex Fire and Rescue Service">West Sussex Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service">West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service</a></li></ul></div> <p>See also: Fire Gateway clickable map of fire and rescue services in England <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.fire.gov.uk/Find+my+region.htm">[3]</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_Ireland_2">Northern Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Northern Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> has had a single statutory fire service since 1950. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service">Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service</a></li></ul> <p>See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_fire_brigades_in_the_United_Kingdom#Fire_brigades_in_Northern_Ireland" title="History of fire brigades in the United Kingdom">History of fire brigades in Northern Ireland</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scotland_2">Scotland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> has also had a single statutory fire service since 1 April 2013, with its headquarters in Cambuslang. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Scottish Fire and Rescue Service">Scottish Fire and Rescue Service</a></li></ul> <p>See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_fire_brigades_in_the_United_Kingdom#Fire_brigades_in_Scotland" title="History of fire brigades in the United Kingdom">History of fire brigades in Scotland</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wales_2">Wales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Brigade</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Principal_areas_of_Wales" title="Principal areas of Wales">Principal areas</a> (unitary authorities) covered </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mid_and_West_Wales_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service">Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carmarthenshire" title="Carmarthenshire">Carmarthenshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceredigion" title="Ceredigion">Ceredigion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neath_Port_Talbot" title="Neath Port Talbot">Neath Port Talbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pembrokeshire" title="Pembrokeshire">Pembrokeshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Powys" title="Powys">Powys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swansea" title="Swansea">Swansea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Wales_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="North Wales Fire and Rescue Service">North Wales Fire and Rescue Service</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anglesey" title="Anglesey">Anglesey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conwy_(county_borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conwy (county borough)">Conwy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denbighshire" title="Denbighshire">Denbighshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flintshire" title="Flintshire">Flintshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gwynedd" title="Gwynedd">Gwynedd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wrexham_(county_borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrexham (county borough)">Wrexham</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="South Wales Fire and Rescue Service">South Wales Fire and Rescue Service</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Blaenau_Gwent" title="Blaenau Gwent">Blaenau Gwent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bridgend_(county_borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridgend (county borough)">Bridgend</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caerphilly_(county_borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caerphilly (county borough)">Caerphilly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merthyr_Tydfil_County_Borough" title="Merthyr Tydfil County Borough">Merthyr Tydfil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monmouthshire" title="Monmouthshire">Monmouthshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhondda_Cynon_Taff" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhondda Cynon Taff">Rhondda Cynon Taf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torfaen" title="Torfaen">Torfaen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vale_of_Glamorgan" title="Vale of Glamorgan">Vale of Glamorgan</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Wales saw a reduction in the number of fire brigades on <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_(Wales)_Act_1994" title="Local Government (Wales) Act 1994">local government reorganisation</a> in 1996, from eight (the number of former administrative counties) to three, made up of groups of the new principal areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crown_Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Crown Dependencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although not part of the United Kingdom, the <a href="/wiki/Crown_dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown dependencies">Crown dependencies</a> fire and rescue services operate in close cooperation with, and to the same standards as, the UK fire and rescue services. They are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Jersey Fire and Rescue Service">Jersey Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li>Guernsey Fire and Rescue Service</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Isle of Man Fire and Rescue Service">Isle of Man Fire and Rescue Service</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_UK_fire_and_rescue_services">Other UK fire and rescue services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Other UK fire and rescue services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are several specialised and private FRSs in the United Kingdom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport_fire_services">Airport fire services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Airport fire services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Airport_rescue_and_firefighting_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Airport rescue and firefighting services in the United Kingdom">Airport rescue and firefighting services in the United Kingdom</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manchester_Airport_Fire_Engine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Manchester_Airport_Fire_Engine.jpg/220px-Manchester_Airport_Fire_Engine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Manchester_Airport_Fire_Engine.jpg/330px-Manchester_Airport_Fire_Engine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Manchester_Airport_Fire_Engine.jpg/440px-Manchester_Airport_Fire_Engine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A fire appliance at <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Airport" title="Manchester Airport">Manchester Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Private airport fire services in the UK protect all categories of airports and aerodromes. They are usually referred to as <a href="/wiki/Airport_rescue_and_firefighting_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Airport rescue and firefighting services in the United Kingdom">Rescue and Fire Fighting Services (RFFS)</a>, or by the internationally recognised term <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_rescue_and_firefighting" title="Aircraft rescue and firefighting">Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF)</a>. One of the biggest aviation fire services is operated by <a href="/wiki/BAA_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="BAA Limited">BAA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Non-BAA airports operate their own fire services to comply with legislation which states that airports must be provided with RFFS. One such example is <a href="/wiki/London_City_Airport" title="London City Airport">London City Airport</a>; its website describes the principal objective of an airport fire and rescue service: "as to save lives in the event of an aircraft accident or incident".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number and type of firefighting appliances based at an airport will be determined by the airport's category.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Airports in the UK are categorised from 1 to 10. A category 10 airport caters for the biggest aircraft; the standards are determined by the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Civil_Aviation_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority">Civil Aviation Authority</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defence_Fire_and_Rescue_Service">Defence Fire and Rescue Service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Defence Fire and Rescue Service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Defence_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Defence Fire and Rescue Service">Defence Fire and Rescue Service</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a> operates its own fire and rescue organisation. Originally this consisted of a civilian fire service known as the "Defence Fire Service" and the <i>RAF Firefighting and Rescue Service</i>. They were known collectively as the <i>Ministry of Defence Fire Services</i>, but in 2004 were formed into the Defence Fire and Rescue Service. This also includes private contractors brought in to protect sites such as small defence establishments. </p><p>The DFRS is the largest non geographical or local authority FRS in the UK, though the training, rank structure and equipment used are similar to that operated by their local authority fire service counterparts. </p><p>As a general rule the RAF personnel cover runways or airfields with particular expertise in defusing aircraft munitions,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the civilians covering domestic sites, but there were cross overs and both services could be called to airfield and domestic situations. </p><p>Both RAF and defence personnel can serve abroad both in peacetime and at war. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fire_services_protecting_royal_properties">Fire services protecting royal properties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Fire services protecting royal properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Household_Fire_Service_van.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Royal_Household_Fire_Service_van.jpg/220px-Royal_Household_Fire_Service_van.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Royal_Household_Fire_Service_van.jpg/330px-Royal_Household_Fire_Service_van.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Royal_Household_Fire_Service_van.jpg/440px-Royal_Household_Fire_Service_van.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3534" data-file-height="2510" /></a><figcaption>Van of the Royal Household Fire Service, Buckingham Palace</figcaption></figure> <p>Several state properties, including royal residences and the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>, are protected by their own fire services in the interests of protecting sites of heritage and royal importance. The Royal Household Fire Service is responsible for firefighting at Royal properties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_and_industrial_FRS">Private and industrial FRS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Private and industrial FRS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some large factories operate their own private or industrial fire services to protect their interests and provide a first attack capability until local authority fire crews arrive. </p><p>These companies often combine fire and medical response under the banner of "Plant Protection" BMW and Jaguar Land Rover are two examples of factories with this provision. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Civil_nuclear">Civil nuclear</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Civil nuclear"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sellafield" title="Sellafield">Sellafield</a> and all operational <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear power station">nuclear power station</a> operators have their own on-site fire service which is required by law under site nuclear licensing conditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ports">Ports</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some large ports have their own fire service, such as <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Felixstowe" title="Port of Felixstowe">Felixstowe</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Event_fire_safety_services">Event fire safety services</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Event fire safety services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several private event fire safety units operate in the UK at major events such as air shows, regattas, concerts and on film sets. They sometimes use the services of off-duty fire fighters and emergency personnel to provide fire cover at outdoor events. The cover normally consists of one or two standard fire appliances with perhaps a rapid response or control vehicle. </p><p>A smaller number of companies offer complex event fire safety packages for large events or civil contingencies, including the provision of specialist off-road fire appliances, dedicated pump rescue ladders and other technical and specialist vehicles. Their roles are to provide a niche response where the fire services have no legal obligation or the specialist vehicles required for the high risk category. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_appliances_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire appliances in the United Kingdom">Fire appliances in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvage_Corps" title="Salvage Corps">Salvage Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Service_College" title="Fire Service College">Fire Service College</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ONS_Geography_Guide-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ONS_Geography_Guide_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/a-beginners-guide-to-uk-geography-2023/about">"A Beginners Guide to UK Geography (2023)"</a>. <i>Open Geography Portal</i>. Office for National Statistics. 24 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Geography+Portal&rft.atitle=A+Beginners+Guide+to+UK+Geography+%282023%29&rft.date=2023-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeoportal.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdatasets%2Fa-beginners-guide-to-uk-geography-2023%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/446716/50600_PESA_2015_PRINT.pdf">"UK Government spending"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+Government+spending&rft.pages=69&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F446716%2F50600_PESA_2015_PRINT.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalfirechiefs.org.uk/About">"About the NFCC"</a>. <i>National Fire Chiefs Council</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Fire+Chiefs+Council&rft.atitle=About+the+NFCC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalfirechiefs.org.uk%2FAbout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScottish_Government2002" class="citation web cs1">Scottish Government, St Andrew's House (29 April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.scot/Publications/2002/04/sfsf/3">"The Scottish Fire Service of The Future"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Scottish+Fire+Service+of+The+Future&rft.date=2002-04-29&rft.aulast=Scottish+Government&rft.aufirst=St+Andrew%27s+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.scot%2FPublications%2F2002%2F04%2Fsfsf%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2455835.stm">"Countdown to fire strike"</a>. 13 November 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span> – via news.bbc.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Countdown+to+fire+strike&rft.date=2002-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F2455835.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/2474783.stm">"In pictures: Fire strike in London"</a>. 14 November 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span> – via news.bbc.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+pictures%3A+Fire+strike+in+London&rft.date=2002-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2F2474783.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-irfs-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-irfs_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frsonline.fire.gov.uk/publications/article/17/306">FRS Online (accessed 02 Sep 07) links to full report PDF: Independent Review of the Fire Service pub Dec 2002</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927045019/http://www.frsonline.fire.gov.uk/publications/article/17/306">Archived</a> 27 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2004/20040021.htm">"Legislation.gov.uk"</a>. <i>www.opsi.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.opsi.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Legislation.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opsi.gov.uk%2Facts%2Facts2004%2F20040021.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2005/20051541.htm">"The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005"</a>. <i>www.opsi.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.opsi.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+Regulatory+Reform+%28Fire+Safety%29+Order+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opsi.gov.uk%2Fsi%2Fsi2005%2F20051541.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2005/20051541.htm#sch4">"The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005"</a>. <i>www.opsi.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.opsi.gov.uk&rft.atitle=The+Regulatory+Reform+%28Fire+Safety%29+Order+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opsi.gov.uk%2Fsi%2Fsi2005%2F20051541.htm%23sch4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-fire-safety-regulations-come-into-force-in-england">"New fire safety regulations come into force in England"</a>. <i>GOV.UK</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.UK&rft.atitle=New+fire+safety+regulations+come+into+force+in+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Fnew-fire-safety-regulations-come-into-force-in-england&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040816090734/http://www.lga.gov.uk/ProjectHome.asp?ccat=958">"LGA: Fire Service Modernisation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lga.gov.uk/ProjectHome.asp?ccat=958">the original</a> on 16 August 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LGA%3A+Fire+Service+Modernisation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lga.gov.uk%2FProjectHome.asp%3Fccat%3D958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200506/cmselect/cmcomloc/872/872i.pdf">"House of Commons Communities & Local Govt Committee Fire & Rescue Service, Fourth Report of Session 2005–06, Volume I: introduction"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Commons+Communities+%26+Local+Govt+Committee+Fire+%26+Rescue+Service%2C+Fourth+Report+of+Session+2005%E2%80%9306%2C+Volume+I%3A+introduction&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm200506%2Fcmselect%2Fcmcomloc%2F872%2F872i.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.official-documents.co.uk/document/cm69/6919/6919.pdf">"Government Response to the Communities & Local Government Committee's Report on the Fire and Rescue Service, 29 September 2006, TSO"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Government+Response+to+the+Communities+%26+Local+Government+Committee%27s+Report+on+the+Fire+and+Rescue+Service%2C+29+September+2006%2C+TSO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.official-documents.co.uk%2Fdocument%2Fcm69%2F6919%2F6919.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmcomloc/352/35215.htm">"FiReControl - Communities and Local Government Committee Contents"</a>. UK Parliament. 8 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FiReControl+-+Communities+and+Local+Government+Committee+Contents&rft.pub=UK+Parliament&rft.date=2010-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm200910%2Fcmselect%2Fcmcomloc%2F352%2F35215.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/02_03_10_fo4_ict.pdf">"FILE ON 4"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. BBC. 2 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FILE+ON+4&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2010-03-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fshared%2Fbsp%2Fhi%2Fpdfs%2F02_03_10_fo4_ict.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120630082057/http://www.tribunemagazine.co.uk/2010/03/19/fbu-denounces-failing-fire-control-project-as-%E2%80%98the-worst-ever%E2%80%99/">"FBU denounces failing fire control project as 'the worst ever'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. tribunemagazine.co.uk. 19 March 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribunemagazine.co.uk/2010/03/19/fbu-denounces-failing-fire-control-project-as-%E2%80%98the-worst-ever%E2%80%99/">the original</a> on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FBU+denounces+failing+fire+control+project+as+%27the+worst+ever%27&rft.pub=tribunemagazine.co.uk&rft.date=2010-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribunemagazine.co.uk%2F2010%2F03%2F19%2Ffbu-denounces-failing-fire-control-project-as-%25E2%2580%2598the-worst-ever%25E2%2580%2599%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/s/1202481_blast_for_999_centre_delays">"Blast for 999 centre delays"</a>. Manchester Evening News. 1 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blast+for+999+centre+delays&rft.pub=Manchester+Evening+News&rft.date=2010-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manchestereveningnews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fs%2F1202481_blast_for_999_centre_delays&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120606181416/http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/fire/fsc32010">"FRS Circular 3/2010 - Fire and Resilience Programme Highlights - January/February 2010"</a>. department of communities and local government. 26 February 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/fire/fsc32010">the original</a> on 6 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FRS+Circular+3%2F2010+-+Fire+and+Resilience+Programme+Highlights+-+January%2FFebruary+2010&rft.pub=department+of+communities+and+local+government&rft.date=2010-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.communities.gov.uk%2Fpublications%2Ffire%2Ffsc32010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120630082105/homepage.ntlworld.com/bill.broadhurst/pagesix.html">"Northern Ireland Fire authority: A brief history, by Bill Broadhurst & Harry Welsh (accessed 18 May 07)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.ntlworld.com/bill.broadhurst/pagesix.html">the original</a> on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Northern+Ireland+Fire+authority%3A+A+brief+history%2C+by+Bill+Broadhurst+%26+Harry+Welsh+%28accessed+18+May+07%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomepage.ntlworld.com%2Fbill.broadhurst%2Fpagesix.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2006/06em1254.htm">"Explanatory Memorandum to Fire and Rescue Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006"</a>. <i>www.opsi.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.opsi.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Explanatory+Memorandum+to+Fire+and+Rescue+Services+%28Northern+Ireland%29+Order+2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opsi.gov.uk%2Fsi%2Fsi2006%2F06em1254.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Justice/Fire">"Scottish Executive - Justice - Fire"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scottish+Executive+-+Justice+-+Fire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotland.gov.uk%2FTopics%2FJustice%2FFire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061001141155/http://www.graeme.kirkwood.btinternet.co.uk/GenHis.htm">"General History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.graeme.kirkwood.btinternet.co.uk/GenHis.htm">the original</a> on 1 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.graeme.kirkwood.btinternet.co.uk%2FGenHis.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fireservice.co.uk/history/">Fire Service History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070607151807/http://www.fireservice.co.uk/history/">Archived</a> 7 June 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Justice/Fire/15130/1020">"Scottish Executive - The Scottish Fire service"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scottish+Executive+-+The+Scottish+Fire+service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotland.gov.uk%2FTopics%2FJustice%2FFire%2F15130%2F1020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061001140807/http://www.graeme.kirkwood.btinternet.co.uk/NFS.htm">"NFS"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.graeme.kirkwood.btinternet.co.uk/NFS.htm">the original</a> on 1 October 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NFS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.graeme.kirkwood.btinternet.co.uk%2FNFS.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Justice/Fire/15130/1020">"Scottish Executive - The Scottish Fire Service"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scottish+Executive+-+The+Scottish+Fire+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotland.gov.uk%2FTopics%2FJustice%2FFire%2F15130%2F1020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929084036/http://www.bopcris.ac.uk/bopall/ref13262.html">"Fire Service pay"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bopcris.ac.uk/bopall/ref13262.html">the original</a> on 29 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fire+Service+pay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bopcris.ac.uk%2Fbopall%2Fref13262.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Justice/Fire/19077/FireAct">"Scottish Executive (Justice) Fire Safety (accessed 19 feb 07)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scottish+Executive+%28Justice%29+Fire+Safety+%28accessed+19+feb+07%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotland.gov.uk%2FTopics%2FJustice%2FFire%2F19077%2FFireAct&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opsi.gov.uk/legislation/scotland/acts2005/20050005.htm">"Fire (Scotland) Act 2005"</a>. <i>www.opsi.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.opsi.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Fire+%28Scotland%29+Act+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opsi.gov.uk%2Flegislation%2Fscotland%2Facts2005%2F20050005.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.communities.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1124257">Dept for Communities and Local Govt, HMFSI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070205103342/http://www.communities.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1124257">Archived</a> 5 February 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.communities.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1123799">Dept for Communities and Local Government</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060904180924/http://www.communities.gov.uk/index.asp?id=1123799">Archived</a> 4 September 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fire.gov.uk/">"Fire prevention and rescue – GOV.UK"</a>. <i>www.fire.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fire.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Fire+prevention+and+rescue+%E2%80%93+GOV.UK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fire.gov.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/ministers/minister-of-state--104">"Minister of State"</a>. Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government and Home Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minister+of+State&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Housing%2C+Communities+%26+Local+Government+and+Home+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fministers%2Fminister-of-state--104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrokenshire2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Brokenshire" title="James Brokenshire">Brokenshire, James</a> (17 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/response-to-the-national-fire-chiefs-council-and-the-fire-services-management-committee/response-to-the-national-fire-chiefs-council-and-the-fire-services-management-committee-accessible-version">"Response to the National Fire Chiefs Council and the Fire Services Management Committee (accessible version)"</a>. Home Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Response+to+the+National+Fire+Chiefs+Council+and+the+Fire+Services+Management+Committee+%28accessible+version%29&rft.pub=Home+Office&rft.date=2020-06-17&rft.aulast=Brokenshire&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fpublications%2Fresponse-to-the-national-fire-chiefs-council-and-the-fire-services-management-committee%2Fresponse-to-the-national-fire-chiefs-council-and-the-fire-services-management-committee-accessible-version&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070708204408/http://www.lfbgraduates.co.uk/">"London Fire Brigade: Graduates (accessed 03 Jul 07)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lfbgraduates.co.uk/">the original</a> on 8 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=London+Fire+Brigade%3A+Graduates+%28accessed+03+Jul+07%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lfbgraduates.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Justice/Fire/15130/1026">"HMFSI: Scottish Executive"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HMFSI%3A+Scottish+Executive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotland.gov.uk%2FTopics%2FJustice%2FFire%2F15130%2F1026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Justice/Fire/15130/1018">"Scottish Executive: Justice Her Majesty's Fire Service Inspectorate for Scotland (accessed 30 May 07)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Scottish+Executive%3A+Justice+Her+Majesty%27s+Fire+Service+Inspectorate+for+Scotland+%28accessed+30+May+07%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotland.gov.uk%2FTopics%2FJustice%2FFire%2F15130%2F1018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030821200507/http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/Speakers_Office/Events.htm">"Northern Ireland Assembly"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/Speakers_Office/Events.htm">the original</a> on 21 August 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Northern+Ireland+Assembly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.niassembly.gov.uk%2FSpeakers_Office%2FEvents.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nifrs.org/">"Home Page - Northern Ireland Fire & Rescue Service"</a>. <i>Northern Ireland Fire & Rescue Service</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Northern+Ireland+Fire+%26+Rescue+Service&rft.atitle=Home+Page+-+Northern+Ireland+Fire+%26+Rescue+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nifrs.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schedule 7 Government of Wales Act 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100608222514/http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/housingandcommunity/safety/fire/?lang=en">"Welsh Government - Topics"</a>. <i>new.wales.gov.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://new.wales.gov.uk/topics/housingandcommunity/safety/fire/?lang=en">the original</a> on 8 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=new.wales.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Welsh+Government+-+Topics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnew.wales.gov.uk%2Ftopics%2Fhousingandcommunity%2Fsafety%2Ffire%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rel-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rel_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department for Communities and Local Government, News Release 022, <i>New Advisory Unit for Fire and Rescue Services to be Set Up</i>, 8 February 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021105034047/http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/contact_us/borough_teams.asp">"LFEPA London Fire Brigade, Borough teams"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/contact_us/borough_teams.asp">the original</a> on 5 November 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LFEPA+London+Fire+Brigade%2C+Borough+teams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.london-fire.gov.uk%2Fcontact_us%2Fborough_teams.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/az/az_stations.asp">LFEPA London Fire Brigade A to Z of fire stations</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041212090045/http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/az/az_stations.asp">Archived</a> 12 December 2004 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fireservice.co.uk/recruitment/retained-firefighters/">"Retained Firefighters - UK Fire Service Resources"</a>. <i>Fireservice.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fireservice.co.uk&rft.atitle=Retained+Firefighters+-+UK+Fire+Service+Resources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fireservice.co.uk%2Frecruitment%2Fretained-firefighters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambsfire.gov.uk/peterborough-volunteers-850.aspx">"Peterborough Volunteers Fire Brigade"</a>. <i>www.cambsfire.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cambsfire.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Peterborough+Volunteers+Fire+Brigade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambsfire.gov.uk%2Fpeterborough-volunteers-850.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mawwfire.gov.uk/English/Area/Ceredigion-Command/Pages/Borth.aspx">"Borth - Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service"</a>. <i>www.mawwfire.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mawwfire.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Borth+-+Mid+and+West+Wales+Fire+and+Rescue+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mawwfire.gov.uk%2FEnglish%2FArea%2FCeredigion-Command%2FPages%2FBorth.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dsfire.gov.uk/about-us/our-people/ranks-and-roles-service">"Ranks and roles in the Service"</a>. <i>Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Devon+and+Somerset+Fire+and+Rescue+Service&rft.atitle=Ranks+and+roles+in+the+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsfire.gov.uk%2Fabout-us%2Four-people%2Franks-and-roles-service&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206070418/https://www.firesafe.org.uk/role-structure-in-the-british-fire-service/">"UK Firesafe Organisation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firesafe.org.uk/html/geninfo/ranks.htm">the original</a> on 6 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+Firesafe+Organisation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firesafe.org.uk%2Fhtml%2Fgeninfo%2Franks.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061001123820/http://www.pfe.gov.uk/about.shtm">"HM Government, Cabinet Office/CSS 'Preparing for Emergencies'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfe.gov.uk/about.shtm">the original</a> on 1 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HM+Government%2C+Cabinet+Office%2FCSS+%27Preparing+for+Emergencies%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pfe.gov.uk%2Fabout.shtm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060909000709/http://www.ukresilience.info/ccs/index.shtm">"HM Government, Cabinet Office: UK Resilience"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukresilience.info/ccs/index.shtm">the original</a> on 9 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HM+Government%2C+Cabinet+Office%3A+UK+Resilience&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukresilience.info%2Fccs%2Findex.shtm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060816000446/http://www.pfe.gov.uk/emergency/fire_safety.shtm">"HM Government, 'Preparing for emergencies', Fire Safety"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfe.gov.uk/emergency/fire_safety.shtm">the original</a> on 16 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HM+Government%2C+%27Preparing+for+emergencies%27%2C+Fire+Safety&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pfe.gov.uk%2Femergency%2Ffire_safety.shtm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-38278596">Cuts undermining fire services, says Fire Brigades Union</a> <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bain-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bain_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bain_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061001153056/http://www.irfs.org.uk/news/200902.htm">"Independent Review of the Fire Service, online press release 20 Sep 2002, Independent review starts into pay and modernisation of the Fire Service, Accessed 25 Sep 2006"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irfs.org.uk/news/200902.htm">the original</a> on 1 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Independent+Review+of+the+Fire+Service%2C+online+press+release+20+Sep+2002%2C+Independent+review+starts+into+pay+and+modernisation+of+the+Fire+Service%2C+Accessed+25+Sep+2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irfs.org.uk%2Fnews%2F200902.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuemmel2011" class="citation web cs1">Duemmel, Bob (26 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firehouse.com/rescue/article/10463478/exercise-orion-2010">"Exercise Orion 2010"</a>. <i>Firehouse</i>. Endeavor Business Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Firehouse&rft.atitle=Exercise+Orion+2010&rft.date=2011-02-26&rft.aulast=Duemmel&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firehouse.com%2Frescue%2Farticle%2F10463478%2Fexercise-orion-2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[Dept of Transport, Investigation into the King's Cross Underground Fire, pub HMSO, November 1988]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060821201300/http://www.devfire.gov.uk/">"Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service web (accessed 2 Sep 07"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.devfire.gov.uk/">the original</a> on 21 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Devon+and+Somerset+Fire+and+Rescue+Service+web+%28accessed+2+Sep+07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.devfire.gov.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/456623/Fire_Statistics_Monitor_April_2014_to_March_2015_Updated260815.pdf">"Fire Statistics Monitor: England April 2014 to March 2015"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fire+Statistics+Monitor%3A+England+April+2014+to+March+2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F456623%2FFire_Statistics_Monitor_April_2014_to_March_2015_Updated260815.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121223135354/http://gmacdata.agma.gov.uk/singlepoint/help/helpgmfrsdata.html">"Help Centre"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gmacdata.agma.gov.uk/singlepoint/help/helpgmfrsdata.html">the original</a> on 23 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Help+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgmacdata.agma.gov.uk%2Fsinglepoint%2Fhelp%2Fhelpgmfrsdata.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baa.com/portal/controller/dispatcher.jsp?CiID=ab6043aa0ac72010VgnVCM100000147e120a____&ChID=6cd1844f76a32010VgnVCM100000147e120a____&Ct=B2C_CT_GENERAL&CtID=448c6a4c7f1b0010VgnVCM200000357e120a____&ChPath=Home%5ECorporate%5EAbout+BAA%5EWho+does+what%5EFire+service">"Heathrow: Corporate site - Our company, your airport"</a>. <i>www.baa.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.baa.com&rft.atitle=Heathrow%3A+Corporate+site+-+Our+company%2C+your+airport&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baa.com%2Fportal%2Fcontroller%2Fdispatcher.jsp%3FCiID%3Dab6043aa0ac72010VgnVCM100000147e120a____%26ChID%3D6cd1844f76a32010VgnVCM100000147e120a____%26Ct%3DB2C_CT_GENERAL%26CtID%3D448c6a4c7f1b0010VgnVCM200000357e120a____%26ChPath%3DHome%255ECorporate%255EAbout%2BBAA%255EWho%2Bdoes%2Bwhat%255EFire%2Bservice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baa.com/portal/controller/dispatcher.jsp?CiID=e6acd02e9c1ee010VgnVCM10000036821c0a____&ChID=bf4bd02e9c1ee010VgnVCM10000036821c0a____&Ct=B2C_CT_GENERAL&CtID=448c6a4c7f1b0010VgnVCM200000357e120a____&ChPath=Home%5ECorporate%5ETalking+Points%5EBehind+the+scenes%5EFighting+fires">"Heathrow: Corporate site - Our company, your airport"</a>. <i>www.baa.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.baa.com&rft.atitle=Heathrow%3A+Corporate+site+-+Our+company%2C+your+airport&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baa.com%2Fportal%2Fcontroller%2Fdispatcher.jsp%3FCiID%3De6acd02e9c1ee010VgnVCM10000036821c0a____%26ChID%3Dbf4bd02e9c1ee010VgnVCM10000036821c0a____%26Ct%3DB2C_CT_GENERAL%26CtID%3D448c6a4c7f1b0010VgnVCM200000357e120a____%26ChPath%3DHome%255ECorporate%255ETalking%2BPoints%255EBehind%2Bthe%2Bscenes%255EFighting%2Bfires&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070221220402/http://www.lcacc.org/operations/fire.html">"London City Airport Consultative Committee, Fire and Rescue Service (accessed 16 Feb 2007)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lcacc.org/operations/fire.html">the original</a> on 21 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=London+City+Airport+Consultative+Committee%2C+Fire+and+Rescue+Service+%28accessed+16+Feb+2007%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lcacc.org%2Foperations%2Ffire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071010132035/http://www.fireservice.co.uk/articles/aviation.php">"Fire Service: Aviation firefighting (accessed 12 Oct 07)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fireservice.co.uk/articles/aviation.php">the original</a> on 10 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fire+Service%3A+Aviation+firefighting+%28accessed+12+Oct+07%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fireservice.co.uk%2Farticles%2Faviation.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131206022512/http://www.raf.mod.uk/careers/jobs/firefighter.cfm">"RAF Recruitment - Home"</a>. <i>www.raf.mod.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raf.mod.uk/careers/jobs/firefighter.cfm">the original</a> on 6 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.raf.mod.uk&rft.atitle=RAF+Recruitment+-+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raf.mod.uk%2Fcareers%2Fjobs%2Ffirefighter.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFire+services+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Firefighting_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Firefighting in the United Kingdom">Firefighting in the United Kingdom</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalfirechiefs.org.uk">Official website</a></span></span> – National Fire Chiefs Council</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Fire services in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Fire services in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fire services in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fire services in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avon_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Avon Fire and Rescue Service">Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedfordshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Bedfordshire Fire and Rescue Service">Bedfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Berkshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Royal Berkshire Fire and Rescue Service">Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckinghamshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Buckinghamshire Fire and Rescue Service">Buckinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Cambridgeshire Fire and Rescue Service">Cambridgeshire</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Volunteer_Fire_Brigade" title="Peterborough Volunteer Fire Brigade">Peterborough</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service">Cheshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Fire_Brigade" title="Cleveland Fire Brigade">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Cornwall Fire and Rescue Service">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Durham_and_Darlington_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="County Durham and Darlington Fire and Rescue Service">County Durham & Darlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbria_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Cumbria Fire and Rescue Service">Cumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Derbyshire Fire and Rescue Service">Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_and_Somerset_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service">Devon and Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_%26_Wiltshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Dorset & Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service">Dorset & Wiltshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Sussex_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="East Sussex Fire and Rescue Service">East Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Essex County Fire and Rescue Service">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucestershire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Gloucestershire Fire and Rescue Service">Gloucestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service">Greater Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampshire_and_Isle_of_Wight_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Hampshire and Isle of Wight Fire and Rescue Service">Hampshire and Isle of Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereford_and_Worcester_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Hereford and Worcester Fire and Rescue Service">Hereford and Worcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertfordshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Hertfordshire Fire and Rescue Service">Hertfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humberside_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Humberside Fire and Rescue Service">Humberside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isles_of_Scilly_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Isles of Scilly Fire and Rescue Service">Isles of Scilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Kent Fire and Rescue Service">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Lancashire Fire and Rescue Service">Lancashire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicestershire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Leicestershire Fire and Rescue Service">Leicestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Lincolnshire Fire and Rescue Service">Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Fire_Brigade" title="London Fire Brigade">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merseyside_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Merseyside Fire and Rescue Service">Merseyside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Norfolk Fire and Rescue Service">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Northamptonshire Fire and Rescue Service">Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Northumberland Fire and Rescue Service">Northumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service">North Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Nottinghamshire Fire and Rescue Service">Nottinghamshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Oxfordshire Fire and Rescue Service">Oxfordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shropshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Shropshire Fire and Rescue Service">Shropshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yorkshire_Fire_and_Rescue" title="South Yorkshire Fire and Rescue">South Yorkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Service">Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Suffolk Fire and Rescue Service">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrey_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Surrey Fire and Rescue Service">Surrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyne_and_Wear_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service">Tyne and Wear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwickshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Warwickshire Fire and Rescue Service">Warwickshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Fire_Service" title="West Midlands Fire Service">West Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sussex_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="West Sussex Fire and Rescue Service">West Sussex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service">West Yorkshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scotland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Scottish Fire and Rescue Service">Scottish Fire and Rescue Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mid_and_West_Wales_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service">Mid and West Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Wales_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="North Wales Fire and Rescue Service">North Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="South Wales Fire and Rescue Service">South Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service">Northern Ireland Fire and Rescue Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport_rescue_and_firefighting_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Airport rescue and firefighting services in the United Kingdom">Airport fire services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Defence Fire and Rescue Service">Defence Fire and Rescue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Service_College" title="Fire Service College">Fire Service College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_Fire_Service" title="Army Fire Service">Army Fire Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_Fire_Service" title="Auxiliary Fire Service">Auxiliary Fire Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Fire_Training_and_Development_Centre" title="Defence Fire Training and Development Centre">Defence Fire Training and Development Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Service" title="National Fire Service">National Fire Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Aviation_Aerodrome_Fire_Service" title="Ministry of Civil Aviation Aerodrome Fire Service">Ministry of Civil Aviation Aerodrome Fire Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_firefighters_killed_in_the_line_of_duty" title="List of British firefighters killed in the line of duty">Firefighters killed in the line of duty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography_of_firefighting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fire_services_by_country" title="Template:Fire services by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fire_services_by_country" title="Template talk:Fire services by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fire_services_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fire services by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_firefighting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_firefighting" title="Geography of firefighting">Geography of firefighting</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_and_Rescue_services_of_Albania" title="Fire and Rescue services of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Civil_Defence" title="Algerian Civil Defence">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra#Fire_brigade" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australasian_Fire_and_Emergency_Service_Authorities_Council" title="Australasian Fire and Emergency Service Authorities Council">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_in_Belgium" title="Firefighting in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_and_Rescue_Department_(Brunei)" title="Fire and Rescue Department (Brunei)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fire_and_Rescue_Administration" title="National Fire and Rescue Administration">China (People's Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Fire_Service" title="Cyprus Fire Service">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen_Fire_Department" title="Copenhagen Fire Department">Denmark - Copenhagen Fire Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Rescue_Board" title="Estonian Rescue Board">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_fighting_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire fighting in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_France" title="Fire services in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_fire_services" class="mw-redirect" title="German fire services">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_National_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Ghana National Fire and Rescue Service">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Fire_Service" title="Hellenic Fire Service">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Fire_Services_Department" title="Hong Kong Fire Services Department">Hong Kong SAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_firefighting#Indonesia" title="Geography of firefighting">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Fire_and_Rescue_Services" title="Israel Fire and Rescue Services">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigili_del_Fuoco" title="Vigili del Fuoco">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Fire_Brigade" title="Jamaica Fire Brigade">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand-Ducal_Fire_and_Rescue_Corps_of_Luxembourg" title="Grand-Ducal Fire and Rescue Corps of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Services_Bureau" title="Fire Services Bureau">Macau SAR</a></li> <li>Malaysia (<a href="/wiki/Fire_and_Rescue_Department_of_Malaysia" title="Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia">JBPM</a>•<a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Civil_Defence_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Civil Defence Force">MCDF</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fire_fighting_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fire fighting in the Netherlands (page does not exist)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_and_Emergency_New_Zealand" title="Fire and Emergency New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Fire_Service" title="State Fire Service">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Fire_Protection" title="Bureau of Fire Protection">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanian_fire_services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanian fire services (page does not exist)">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_State_Fire_Service" title="Russian State Fire Service">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Civil_Defence_Force" title="Singapore Civil Defence Force">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Fire services in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Agency_(South_Korea)" title="National Fire Agency (South Korea)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Agency" title="National Fire Agency">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Municipal_fire_corps_(Turkey)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Municipal fire corps (Turkey) (page does not exist)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_in_the_United_States" title="Firefighting in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corps_of_Firefighters_of_the_Vatican_City_State" title="Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State">Vatican City/Holy See</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_fire_departments" title="List of fire departments">List of fire departments</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Firefighting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Firefighting" title="Template:Firefighting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Firefighting" title="Template talk:Firefighting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Firefighting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Firefighting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Firefighting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Firefighting" title="Firefighting">Firefighting</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Firefighter" title="Firefighter">Personnel and organization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battalion_chief" title="Battalion chief">Battalion chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_fire_officer" title="Chief fire officer">Chief fire officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_captain" title="Fire captain">Fire captain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_chief" title="Fire chief">Fire chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_officer" title="Station officer">Station officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retained_firefighter" title="Retained firefighter">Retained firefighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_marshal" title="Fire marshal">Fire marshal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_police" title="Fire police">Fire police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighter_assist_and_search_team" title="Firefighter assist and search team">Firefighter assist and search team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handcrew" title="Handcrew">Handcrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_operations_firefighter" title="Special operations firefighter">Special operations firefighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volunteer_fire_department" title="Volunteer fire department">Volunteer fire department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_firefighting" title="Women in firefighting">Women in firefighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_comparative_firefighting_ranks" title="List of comparative firefighting ranks">Fire department ranks by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drill_tower" title="Drill tower">Drill tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_department" title="Fire department">Fire department</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fire_departments" title="List of fire departments">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_lookout_tower" title="Fire lookout tower">Fire lookout tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_station" title="Fire station">Fire station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose_tower" title="Hose tower">Hose tower</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_apparatus" title="Firefighting apparatus">Apparatus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport_crash_tender" title="Airport crash tender">Airport crash tender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_command_vehicle" title="Fire command vehicle">Fire command vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_engine" title="Fire engine">Fire engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_motorcycle" title="Fire motorcycle">Fire motorcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireboat" title="Fireboat">Fireboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_apparatus" title="Firefighting apparatus">Firefighting apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazardous_materials_apparatus" title="Hazardous materials apparatus">Hazardous materials apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_and_air_unit" title="Light and air unit">Light and air unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quint_(fire_apparatus)" title="Quint (fire apparatus)">Quint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rescue_vehicle" title="Rescue vehicle">Rescue vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_tender" title="Water tender">Water tender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_firefighting_equipment" title="Glossary of firefighting equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bunker_gear" title="Bunker gear">Bunker gear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escape_chair" title="Escape chair">Escape chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_blanket" title="Fire blanket">Fire blanket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_brigade_key" title="Fire brigade key">Fire brigade keys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_bucket" title="Fire bucket">Fire bucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_extinguisher" title="Fire extinguisher">Fire extinguisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hose" title="Fire hose">Fire hose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hydrant" title="Fire hydrant">Fire hydrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_proximity_suit" title="Fire proximity suit">Fire proximity suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_retardant" title="Fire retardant">Fire retardant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_shelter" title="Fire shelter">Fire shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireman%27s_pole" title="Fireman's pole">Fireman's pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireman%27s_switch" title="Fireman's switch">Fireman's switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_retardant" title="Flame retardant">Flame retardant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fog_nozzle" title="Fog nozzle">Fog nozzle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halligan_bar" title="Halligan bar">Halligan bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_suction_hose" title="Hard suction hose">Hard suction hose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazmat_suit" title="Hazmat suit">Hazmat suit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_detector" title="Heat detector">Heat detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose_bridge" title="Hose bridge">Hose bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_rescue_tool" title="Hydraulic rescue tool">Hydraulic rescue tool</a> ("Jaws of life")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_tool" title="Kelly tool">Kelly tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomex" title="Nomex">Nomex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_roof_hook" title="New York roof hook">New York roof hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PASS_device" title="PASS device">PASS device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_pig_(tool)" title="The pig (tool)">The pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_water_tank" title="Portable water tank">Portable water tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_saw" title="Rotary saw">Rotary saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_information_box" title="Secure information box">Secure information box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-contained_breathing_apparatus" title="Self-contained breathing apparatus">Self-contained breathing apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(alarm)" title="Siren (alarm)">Siren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_detector" title="Smoke detector">Smoke detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_imaging_camera" title="Thermal imaging camera">Thermal imaging camera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_firefighting" title="Glossary of firefighting">Terminology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backdraft" title="Backdraft">Backdraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barn_fire" title="Barn fire">Barn fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimney_fire" title="Chimney fire">Chimney fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_man_zone" title="Dead man zone">Dead man zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deluge_gun" title="Deluge gun">Deluge gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Door_breaching" title="Door breaching">Door breaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draft_(water)" title="Draft (water)">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_alarm" title="False alarm">False alarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_class" title="Fire class">Fire class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_control" title="Fire control">Fire control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_safety" title="Fire safety">Fire safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_triangle" title="Fire triangle">Fire triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireman%27s_carry" title="Fireman's carry">Fireman's carry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firewall_(construction)" title="Firewall (construction)">Firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_fire" title="Flash fire">Flash fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashover" title="Flashover">Flashover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaseous_fire_suppression" title="Gaseous fire suppression">Gaseous fire suppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-alarm_fire" title="Multiple-alarm fire">Multiple-alarm fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollover_(fire)" title="Rollover (fire)">Rollover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop,_drop_and_roll" title="Stop, drop and roll">Stop, drop and roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structure_fire" title="Structure fire">Structure fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-in,_two-out" title="Two-in, two-out">Two-in, two-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventilation_(firefighting)" title="Ventilation (firefighting)">Ventilation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candidate_Physical_Ability_Test" title="Candidate Physical Ability Test">Candidate Physical Ability Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_camp" title="Fire camp">Fire camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_engine_red" title="Fire engine red">Fire engine red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_photography" title="Fire photography">Fire photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_protection_engineering" title="Fire protection engineering">Fire protection engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_firefighting" title="Geography of firefighting">Geography of firefighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_firefighting" title="History of firefighting">History of firefighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Fire_Fighters" title="International Association of Fire Fighters">International Association of Fire Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Firefighters%27_Day" title="International Firefighters' Day">International Firefighters' Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_firefighting_films" title="List of firefighting films">List of firefighting films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muster_(event)" title="Muster (event)">Muster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Florian" title="Saint Florian">Saint Florian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Firefighters_Games" title="World Firefighters Games">World Firefighters Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Police_and_Fire_Games" title="World Police and Fire Games">World Police and Fire Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">Wildfires</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire_emergency_management" title="Wildfire emergency management">Wildfire emergency management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire_suppression" title="Wildfire suppression">Wildfire suppression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment <br />and tactics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_firefighting" title="Aerial firefighting">Aerial firefighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controlled_burn" title="Controlled burn">Controlled burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driptorch" title="Driptorch">Driptorch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_flapper" title="Fire flapper">Fire flapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_hose" title="Fire hose">Fire hose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_lookout_tower" title="Fire lookout tower">Fire lookout tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_rake" title="Fire rake">Fire rake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_retardant" title="Fire retardant">Fire retardant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_retardant_gel" title="Fire retardant gel">Fire retardant gel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_trail" title="Fire trail">Fire trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firebreak" title="Firebreak">Firebreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_apparatus" title="Firefighting apparatus">Firefighting apparatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_foam" title="Firefighting foam">Firefighting foam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_bucket" title="Helicopter bucket">Helicopter bucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose_pack" title="Hose pack">Hose pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLeod_(tool)" title="McLeod (tool)">McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modular_Airborne_FireFighting_System" title="Modular Airborne FireFighting System">Modular Airborne FireFighting System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_(tool)" title="Pulaski (tool)">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire_suppression_equipment_and_personnel" title="Wildfire suppression equipment and personnel">Wildfire suppression equipment and personnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildland_fire_engine" title="Wildland fire engine">Wildland fire engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildland_water_tender" title="Wildland water tender">Wildland water tender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_lookout" title="Fire lookout">Fire lookout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handcrew" title="Handcrew">Handcrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helitack" title="Helitack">Helitack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotshot_crew" title="Hotshot crew">Hotshot crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokejumper" title="Smokejumper">Smokejumper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildland_fire_module" title="Wildland fire module">Wildland fire module</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefighting_in_ancient_Rome" title="Firefighting in ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushfires_in_Australia" title="Bushfires in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfires_in_the_United_States" title="Wildfires in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wildfire_suppression_in_the_United_States" title="History of wildfire suppression in the United States">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_wildfires" title="List of California wildfires">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington_wildfires" title="List of Washington wildfires">Washington</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_wildfire_terms" title="Glossary of wildfire terms">Glossary of wildfire terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildfires" title="List of wildfires">List of wildfires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fire" title="Template:Fire">Template:Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fire_protection" title="Template:Fire protection">Template:Fire protection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Firefighting" title="Category:Firefighting"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Firefighting" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Firefighting"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/23px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/31px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_firefighting" title="Glossary of firefighting"><b>Glossary</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/23px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/31px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_firefighting_articles" title="Index of firefighting articles"><b>Index</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_firefighting" title="Outline of firefighting"><b>Outline</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&oldid=1258225936">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&oldid=1258225936</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fire_and_rescue_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Fire and rescue in the United Kingdom">Fire and rescue in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fire_and_rescue_services_of_Scotland" title="Category:Fire and rescue services of Scotland">Fire and rescue services of Scotland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_fire_departments" title="Category:Lists of fire departments">Lists of fire departments</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_April_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from April 2024">Articles with dead external links from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2015" title="Category:Use dmy dates from July 2015">Use dmy dates from July 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_September_2020" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2020">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_locally_defined" title="Category:Commons category link is locally defined">Commons category link is locally defined</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_not_in_Wikidata" title="Category:Official website not in Wikidata">Official website not in Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 November 2024, at 20:39<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-r5tzf","wgBackendResponseTime":146,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.818","walltime":"1.071","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4201,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":164919,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10917,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":222161,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 845.022 1 -total"," 44.22% 373.686 1 Template:Reflist"," 32.68% 276.137 54 Template:Cite_web"," 14.46% 122.177 4 Template:Navbox"," 11.72% 99.063 1 Template:UK_fire_service"," 9.61% 81.177 1 Template:Commons_category_inline"," 9.21% 77.808 1 Template:Sister-inline"," 8.82% 74.527 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.32% 44.962 2 Template:Pagetype"," 4.53% 38.247 1 Template:Clarify"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.443","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":6521249,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-7kqld","timestamp":"20241122142411","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Fire services in the United Kingdom","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3090847","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3090847","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-09-01T12:43:41Z","dateModified":"2024-11-18T20:39:43Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/83\/LFB_Dual_Pump_Ladder_IMG_7079.jpg","headline":"British fire and rescue services"}</script> </body> </html>