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<span>Interpretations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interpretations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Interpretations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_a_literal_historical_event" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_literal_historical_event"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>As a literal historical event</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_literal_historical_event-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_parable_created_by_Jesus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_parable_created_by_Jesus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>As a parable created by Jesus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_parable_created_by_Jesus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Luther:_a_parable_of_the_conscience" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luther:_a_parable_of_the_conscience"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Luther: a parable of the conscience</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luther:_a_parable_of_the_conscience-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lightfoot:_a_parable_against_the_Pharisees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lightfoot:_a_parable_against_the_Pharisees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Lightfoot: a parable against the Pharisees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lightfoot:_a_parable_against_the_Pharisees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_parable_against_the_Sadducees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_parable_against_the_Sadducees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>A parable against the Sadducees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_parable_against_the_Sadducees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perry:_a_parable_of_a_new_covenant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perry:_a_parable_of_a_new_covenant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Perry: a parable of a new covenant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perry:_a_parable_of_a_new_covenant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friedrich_Justus_Knecht:_a_parable_of_the_future_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friedrich_Justus_Knecht:_a_parable_of_the_future_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>Friedrich Justus Knecht: a parable of the future life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friedrich_Justus_Knecht:_a_parable_of_the_future_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afterlife_doctrine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afterlife_doctrine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Afterlife doctrine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afterlife_doctrine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literary_provenance_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_provenance_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literary provenance and legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Literary_provenance_and_legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Literary provenance and legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Literary_provenance_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jewish_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Jewish sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_in_Early_Christianity_and_Medieval_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_in_Early_Christianity_and_Medieval_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Legacy in Early Christianity and Medieval tradition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_in_Early_Christianity_and_Medieval_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflation_with_Lazarus_of_Bethany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflation_with_Lazarus_of_Bethany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Conflation with Lazarus of Bethany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflation_with_Lazarus_of_Bethany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_literature_and_poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature_and_poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In literature and poetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature_and_poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>In music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Order_of_Saint_Lazarus_of_Jerusalem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_of_Saint_Lazarus_of_Jerusalem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Order_of_Saint_Lazarus_of_Jerusalem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rich man and Lazarus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%8A" title="لعازر والغني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لعازر والغني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ll%C3%A0tzer_el_lepr%C3%B3s" title="Llàtzer el leprós – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llàtzer el leprós" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boh%C3%A1%C4%8D_a_Lazar" title="Boháč a Lazar – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Boháč a Lazar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reicher_Mann_und_armer_Lazarus" title="Reicher Mann und armer Lazarus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reicher Mann und armer Lazarus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AC%CE%B6%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BF_%CF%86%CF%84%CF%89%CF%87%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Λάζαρος ο φτωχός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λάζαρος ο φτωχός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Par%C3%A1bola_del_rico_epul%C3%B3n_y_el_pobre_L%C3%A1zaro" title="Parábola del rico epulón y el pobre Lázaro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Parábola del rico epulón y el pobre Lázaro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabole_du_riche_et_de_Lazare" title="Parabole du riche et de Lazare – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parabole du riche et de Lazare" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likenis_fan_de_Rike_Man_en_Lazarus" title="Likenis fan de Rike Man en Lazarus – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Likenis fan de Rike Man en Lazarus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girest_Monis_ani_Lazor_Vopar" title="Girest Monis ani Lazor Vopar – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Girest Monis ani Lazor Vopar" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EC%9E%90%EC%99%80_%EB%82%98%EC%82%AC%EB%A1%9C" title="부자와 나사로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="부자와 나사로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogata%C5%A1_i_Lazar" title="Bogataš i Lazar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bogataš i Lazar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perumpamaan_orang_kaya_dan_Lazarus_yang_miskin" title="Perumpamaan orang kaya dan Lazarus yang miskin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perumpamaan orang kaya dan Lazarus yang miskin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabola_di_Lazzaro_e_del_ricco_epulone" title="Parabola di Lazzaro e del ricco epulone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Parabola di Lazzaro e del ricco epulone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A9_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8" title="האיש העשיר ואלעזר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האיש העשיר ואלעזר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Парабола за богатиот човек и Лазар – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Парабола за богатиот човек и Лазар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelijkenis_van_de_rijke_man_en_Lazarus" title="Gelijkenis van de rijke man en Lazarus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gelijkenis van de rijke man en Lazarus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%8C%81%E3%81%A1%E3%81%A8%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B6%E3%83%AD" title="金持ちとラザロ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="金持ちとラザロ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opowie%C5%9B%C4%87_o_bogaczu_i_%C5%81azarzu" title="Opowieść o bogaczu i Łazarzu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Opowieść o bogaczu i Łazarzu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1zaro,_o_Leproso" title="Lázaro, o Leproso – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lázaro, o Leproso" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogatul_%C8%99i_Laz%C4%83r" title="Bogatul și Lazăr – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bogatul și Lazăr" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Притча о богаче и Лазаре – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Притча о богаче и Лазаре" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%BE_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%83_%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83" title="Прича о богаташу и убогом Лазару – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прича о богаташу и убогом Лазару" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pri%C4%8Da_o_bogata%C5%A1u_i_ubogom_Lazaru" title="Priča o bogatašu i ubogom Lazaru – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Priča o bogatašu i ubogom Lazaru" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikas_mies_ja_Lasarus" title="Rikas mies ja Lasarus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rikas mies ja Lasarus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_rike_mannen_och_Lasaros" title="Den rike mannen och Lasaros – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Den rike mannen och Lasaros" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Parable of Jesus</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the parable from the Gospel of Luke. For the account from the Gospel of John, see <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus of Bethany</a>. For the traditional ballad, see <a href="/wiki/Dives_and_Lazarus_(ballad)" title="Dives and Lazarus (ballad)">Dives and Lazarus (ballad)</a>. For other uses of Lazarus, see <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lazarus (disambiguation)">Lazarus</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Saint Lazarus</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meister_des_Codex_Aureus_Epternacensis_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Meister_des_Codex_Aureus_Epternacensis_001.jpg/300px-Meister_des_Codex_Aureus_Epternacensis_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="438" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Meister_des_Codex_Aureus_Epternacensis_001.jpg/450px-Meister_des_Codex_Aureus_Epternacensis_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Meister_des_Codex_Aureus_Epternacensis_001.jpg/600px-Meister_des_Codex_Aureus_Epternacensis_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2955" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Lazarus and Dives</i>, illumination from the 11th-century <a href="/wiki/Codex_Aureus_of_Echternach" title="Codex Aureus of Echternach">Codex Aureus of Echternach</a><br />Top panel: Lazarus at the rich man's door<br />Middle panel: Lazarus' soul is carried to Paradise by two angels; Lazarus in Abraham's bosom<br />Bottom panel: The rich man's soul is carried off by Satan to Hell; the rich man is tortured in <a href="/wiki/Hades_in_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Hades in Christianity">Hades</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21 June</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">The poor, <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">lepers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Lazarus" title="Order of Saint Lazarus">Order of Saint Lazarus</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>rich man and Lazarus</b> (also called the parable of <b>Dives and Lazarus</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">parable of Jesus</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Luke_16" title="Luke 16">16th chapter</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speaking to <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">his disciples</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a>, Jesus tells of an unnamed rich man and a beggar named Lazarus. When both die, the rich man goes to Hades and implores <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> to send Lazarus from his bosom to warn the rich man's family from sharing his fate. Abraham replies, "If they do not listen to <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> and the Prophets, they will not be convinced even if someone rises from the dead." </p><p>Along with the parables of the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Ten_Virgins" title="Parable of the Ten Virgins">Ten Virgins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son" title="Parable of the Prodigal Son">Prodigal Son</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Good_Samaritan" title="Parable of the Good Samaritan">Good Samaritan</a>, the rich man and Lazarus was one of the most frequently illustrated parables in <a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">medieval art</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> perhaps because of its vivid account of an <a href="/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">afterlife</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text">Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eadwine_psalter_-_Morgan_leaf_M.521_(recto)_(cropped,_Dives_and_Lazarus).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Eadwine_psalter_-_Morgan_leaf_M.521_%28recto%29_%28cropped%2C_Dives_and_Lazarus%29.jpg/220px-Eadwine_psalter_-_Morgan_leaf_M.521_%28recto%29_%28cropped%2C_Dives_and_Lazarus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Eadwine_psalter_-_Morgan_leaf_M.521_%28recto%29_%28cropped%2C_Dives_and_Lazarus%29.jpg/330px-Eadwine_psalter_-_Morgan_leaf_M.521_%28recto%29_%28cropped%2C_Dives_and_Lazarus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Eadwine_psalter_-_Morgan_leaf_M.521_%28recto%29_%28cropped%2C_Dives_and_Lazarus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>Detail from the prefatory cycle to the <a href="/wiki/Eadwine_Psalter" title="Eadwine Psalter">Eadwine Psalter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgan Library">Morgan Library</a> leaf M.521 (recto), English c. 1160s</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"There was a certain rich man who was clothed in purple and fine linen and fared sumptuously every day. But there was a certain beggar named Lazarus, full of sores, who was laid at his gate, desiring to be fed with the crumbs which fell from the rich man's table. Moreover the dogs came and licked his sores. So it was that the beggar died, and was carried by the angels to Abraham's bosom. The rich man also died and was buried. And being in torments in Hades, he lifted up his eyes and saw Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom. </p><p>"Then he cried and said, 'Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus that he may dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue; for I am tormented in this flame.' But Abraham said, 'Son, remember that in your lifetime you received your good things, and likewise Lazarus evil things; but now he is comforted and you are tormented. And besides all this, between us and you there is a great gulf fixed, so that those who want to pass from here to you cannot, nor can those from there pass to us.' </p><p> "Then he said, 'I beg you therefore, father, that you would send him to my father's house, for I have five brothers, that he may testify to them, lest they also come to this place of torment.' Abraham said to him, 'They have Moses and the prophets; let them hear them.' And he said, 'No, father Abraham; but if one goes to them from the dead, they will repent.' But he said to him, 'If they do not hear Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded though one rise from the dead.' "</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+16:19–31&version=nkjv">Luke 16:19–31</a></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretations">Interpretations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustave_Dore_Lazarus_and_the_Rich_Man.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gustave_Dore_Lazarus_and_the_Rich_Man.jpg/220px-Gustave_Dore_Lazarus_and_the_Rich_Man.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gustave_Dore_Lazarus_and_the_Rich_Man.jpg/330px-Gustave_Dore_Lazarus_and_the_Rich_Man.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Gustave_Dore_Lazarus_and_the_Rich_Man.jpg/440px-Gustave_Dore_Lazarus_and_the_Rich_Man.jpg 2x" data-file-width="746" data-file-height="973" /></a><figcaption>Illustration by <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9" title="Gustave Doré">Gustave Doré</a> of the Rich man and Lazarus.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are different views on the historicity and origin of the story of the Rich Man and Lazarus.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The story is unique to Luke and is not thought to come from the hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Q_document" class="mw-redirect" title="Q document">Q document</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hultgren_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hultgren-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_literal_historical_event">As a literal historical event</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: As a literal historical event"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Special:EditPage/Rich man and Lazarus">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Rich+man+and+Lazarus%22">"Rich man and Lazarus"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Rich+man+and+Lazarus%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Rich+man+and+Lazarus%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Rich+man+and+Lazarus%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Rich+man+and+Lazarus%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Rich+man+and+Lazarus%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>St. <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a> and others view the story not as a parable, but as an actual event which was related by Jesus to his followers.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Webpage_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webpage-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Church_contact_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Church_contact-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Supporters of this view point to a key detail in the story: the use of a personal name (Lazarus) not found in any other parable. By contrast, in all of the other parables Jesus refers to a central character by a description, such as "a certain man", "a sower", and so forth.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_parable_created_by_Jesus">As a parable created by Jesus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: As a parable created by Jesus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other Christians consider that this is a parable created by Jesus and told to his followers.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/N._T._Wright" title="N. T. Wright">Tom Wright</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Jeremias" title="Joachim Jeremias">Joachim Jeremias</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both treat it as a "parable". Proponents of this view argue that the story of Lazarus and the rich man has much in common with other stories which are agreed-upon parables, both in language and content (e.g. the reversal of fortunes, the use of antithesis, and concern for the poor). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Luther:_a_parable_of_the_conscience">Luther: a parable of the conscience</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Luther: a parable of the conscience"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> taught that the story was a parable about rich and poor in this life and the details of the afterlife not to be taken literally: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Therefore we conclude that the bosom of Abraham signifies nothing else than the Word of God, ... the hell here mentioned cannot be the true hell that will begin on the day of judgment. For the corpse of the rich man is without doubt not in hell, but buried in the earth; it must however be a place where the soul can be and has no peace, and it cannot be corporeal. Therefore it seems to me, this hell is the conscience, which is without faith and without the Word of God, in which the soul is buried and held until the day of judgment, when they are cast down body and soul into the true and real hell. (Church Postil 1522–23)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lightfoot:_a_parable_against_the_Pharisees">Lightfoot: a parable against the Pharisees</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lightfoot: a parable against the Pharisees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fedor_Bronnikov_007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Fedor_Bronnikov_007.jpg/220px-Fedor_Bronnikov_007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Fedor_Bronnikov_007.jpg/330px-Fedor_Bronnikov_007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Fedor_Bronnikov_007.jpg/440px-Fedor_Bronnikov_007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of Lazarus at the rich man's gate by <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Bronnikov" title="Fyodor Bronnikov">Fyodor Bronnikov</a>, 1886.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/John_Lightfoot" title="John Lightfoot">John Lightfoot</a> (1602–1675) treated the parable as a parody of <a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisee</a> belief concerning the <a href="/wiki/Bosom_of_Abraham" title="Bosom of Abraham">Bosom of Abraham</a>, and from the connection of Abraham saying the rich man's family would not believe even if the parable Lazarus was raised, to the priests'<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (January 2023)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> failure to believe in the resurrection of Christ: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Any one may see, how Christ points at the infidelity of the Jews, even after that himself shall have risen again. From whence it is easy to judge what was the design and intention of this parable. (From the Talmud and Hebraica, Volume 3)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/E._W._Bullinger" title="E. W. Bullinger">E. W. Bullinger</a> in the Companion Bible cited Lightfoot's comment,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and expanded it to include coincidence to lack of belief in the resurrection of the historical Lazarus (John 12:10). Bullinger considered that Luke did not identify the passage as a "parable" because it contains a parody of the view of the afterlife: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It is not called a parable because it cites a notable example of the Pharisee's tradition which had been brought from Babylon.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="A_parable_against_the_Sadducees">A parable against the Sadducees</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: A parable against the Sadducees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The parable has also been interpreted as a <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satirical</a> attack on the <a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a>. The Rich Man is identified as the Sadducees on similar lines as Cox, noting the Rich Man's wearing of purple and fine linen, priestly dress<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and identifying his five brothers as the five sons of Annas.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proponents also note that Abraham's statement that "If they hear not Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded, if one rise from the dead." fits the Sadducees' rejection of the <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Prophetical books of the Bible</a> as well as their disbelief in a resurrection of the dead.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This explanation was popularized in France in the 1860s–1890s by its inclusion in the notes of the pictorial Bible of <a href="/wiki/Claude-Joseph_Drioux" title="Claude-Joseph Drioux">Abbé Drioux</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Perry:_a_parable_of_a_new_covenant">Perry: a parable of a new covenant</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Perry: a parable of a new covenant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> theologian Simon Perry has argued that the Lazarus of the parable (an abbreviated transcript of "Eleazer") refers to <a href="/wiki/Eliezer" title="Eliezer">Eliezer</a> of Damascus, Abraham's servant. In Genesis 15—a foundational covenant text familiar to any first century Jew—God says to Abraham "this man will not be your heir" (Gen 15:4). Perry argues that this is why Lazarus is outside the gates of Abraham's perceived descendant. By inviting Lazarus to Abraham's bosom, Jesus is redefining the nature of the covenant. It also explains why the rich man assumes Lazarus is Abraham's servant.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Friedrich_Justus_Knecht:_a_parable_of_the_future_life">Friedrich Justus Knecht: a parable of the future life</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Friedrich Justus Knecht: a parable of the future life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Catholic German theologian Friedrich Justus Knecht (d. 1921),<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (June 2022)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup> states that this parable gives "a glimpse of the future state, both for our consolation and as a warning." Because after this life there is "a life where everything is quite different from what it is on earth. Lazarus was poor, despised, racked with pain and hunger while he was on earth; but when he died, angels carried his soul to the abode of the just, where he received consolation." However the rich man who when on earth, "led what was apparently a magnificent life. He was esteemed and honoured, surrounded by flatterers, waited on by a host of servants, clad in costly clothes, and he feasted luxuriously every day. But all this magnificence lasted only a short time. He died and was lost for ever, and has been for centuries suffering unspeakable torments."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Knecht also reflects on why the rich man was condemned writing: "Because he was a sensual man, an <a href="/wiki/Epicurean" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicurean">epicurean</a>, and religion was a matter of no consideration with him. His only thought was how to lead a pleasant life, and he neither troubled himself about the future, nor believed in a coming Redeemer. He led a life without prayer, without fear of hell or desire for heaven, a life without grace and without God." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afterlife_doctrine">Afterlife doctrine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Afterlife doctrine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Afterlife" title="Afterlife">Afterlife</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Bad_Rich_Man_in_Hell_(Le_mauvais_riche_dans_l%27Enfer)_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Bad_Rich_Man_in_Hell_%28Le_mauvais_riche_dans_l%27Enfer%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/220px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Bad_Rich_Man_in_Hell_%28Le_mauvais_riche_dans_l%27Enfer%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Bad_Rich_Man_in_Hell_%28Le_mauvais_riche_dans_l%27Enfer%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/330px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Bad_Rich_Man_in_Hell_%28Le_mauvais_riche_dans_l%27Enfer%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Bad_Rich_Man_in_Hell_%28Le_mauvais_riche_dans_l%27Enfer%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg/440px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Bad_Rich_Man_in_Hell_%28Le_mauvais_riche_dans_l%27Enfer%29_-_James_Tissot_-_overall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="534" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A depiction of the rich man in torment by <a href="/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The parable teaches in this particular case that both identity and memory remain after death for the soul of the one in a hell.<sup id="cite_ref-Barclay_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barclay-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Christians believe in the <a href="/wiki/Immortality_of_the_soul" class="mw-redirect" title="Immortality of the soul">immortality of the soul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Particular_judgment" title="Particular judgment">particular judgment</a> and see the story as consistent with it, or even refer to it to establish these doctrines as <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus_of_Lyons" class="mw-redirect" title="Irenaeus of Lyons">St. Irenaeus</a>, an Early Church father, did.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Christians believe in the mortality of the soul ("<a href="/wiki/Christian_mortalism" title="Christian mortalism">Christian mortalism</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Soul_sleep" class="mw-redirect" title="Soul sleep">soul sleep</a>") and <a href="/wiki/General_judgment" title="General judgment">general judgment</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Last Judgment</a>") only. This view is held by some <a href="/wiki/Anglicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicans">Anglicans</a> such as <a href="/wiki/E._W._Bullinger" title="E. W. Bullinger">E. W. Bullinger</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proponents of the mortality of the soul, and general judgment, for example Advent Christians, Conditionalists, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a>, and Christian <a href="/wiki/Christian_universalism" title="Christian universalism">Universalists</a>, argue that this is a parable using the framework of Jewish views of the <a href="/wiki/Bosom_of_Abraham" title="Bosom of Abraham">Bosom of Abraham</a>, and is <a href="/wiki/Metaphorical" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaphorical">metaphorical</a>, and is not definitive teaching on the intermediate state for several reasons. Nicene creed denominations of Christianity contend, however, that such views had no supporters or traditions supporting the mortality of the soul in the early years of Christianity and only arose after the end of the Middle Ages.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:Revelation%2020:13–14">Revelation 20:13–14</a> <i>hades</i> is itself thrown into the "lake of fire" after being emptied of the dead.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_provenance_and_legacy">Literary provenance and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Literary provenance and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish_sources">Jewish sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Jewish sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We have in fact one of the cases where the background to the teaching is more probably found in non-biblical sources.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/I._Howard_Marshall" title="I. Howard Marshall">I. Howard Marshall</a>, <i>The New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Gospel of Luke</i>, p. 634</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Some scholars—e.g., <a href="/wiki/G._B._Caird" title="G. B. Caird">G. B. Caird</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Jeremias" title="Joachim Jeremias">Joachim Jeremias</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marshall,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Gressmann" title="Hugo Gressmann">Hugo Gressmann</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—suggest the basic <a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">storyline</a> of <i>The Rich Man and Lazarus</i> was derived from Jewish stories that had developed from an Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folk tale</a> about Si-Osiris.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bauckham" title="Richard Bauckham">Richard Bauckham</a> is less sure,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> adding: </p> <blockquote><p>In any case, [Jesus] has used [motifs also found in the Egyptian and Jewish stories] to construct a new story, which as a whole is not the same as any other extant story. ...[Of course] comparison with the way they function in other stories can help to highlight their function in the parable. In this sense, the parallels and contrasts with the Egyptian and Jewish story of the rich and the poor man can be instructive...<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Steven Cox highlights other elements from Jewish myths that the parable could be mimicking.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legacy_in_Early_Christianity_and_Medieval_tradition">Legacy in Early Christianity and Medieval tradition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legacy in Early Christianity and Medieval tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Special:EditPage/Rich man and Lazarus">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rilakloster_Wandgem%C3%A4lde_b_20090407_018.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Rilakloster_Wandgem%C3%A4lde_b_20090407_018.JPG/220px-Rilakloster_Wandgem%C3%A4lde_b_20090407_018.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Rilakloster_Wandgem%C3%A4lde_b_20090407_018.JPG/330px-Rilakloster_Wandgem%C3%A4lde_b_20090407_018.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Rilakloster_Wandgem%C3%A4lde_b_20090407_018.JPG/440px-Rilakloster_Wandgem%C3%A4lde_b_20090407_018.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Fresco of Lazarus and the Rich Man at the <a href="/wiki/Rila_Monastery" title="Rila Monastery">Rila Monastery</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a> (ca. AD 200) describes Hades with similar details: the bosom of Abraham for the <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">souls</a> of the righteous, fiery torment for the souls of wicked, and a chasm between them.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He equates the fires of Hades with the <a href="/wiki/Lake_of_fire" title="Lake of fire">lake of fire</a> described in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>, but specifies that no one will actually be cast into the fire until the end times. </p><p>In some European countries, the Latin description <i>dives</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> for "the rich man") is treated as his proper name: Dives. In Italy, the description <i>epulone</i> (Italian for "banquetter") is also used as a proper name. Both descriptions appear together, but not as a proper name, in <a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a>'s sermon <i>De divite epulone</i> (Latin "On the Rich Banquetter"), corresponding to the verse, "There was a <i>rich man</i> who was clothed in purple and fine linen and who <i>feasted</i> sumptuously every day". </p><p>The story was frequently told in an elaborated form in the <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> period, treating it as factual rather than a <a href="/wiki/Parable" title="Parable">parable</a>. Lazarus was venerated as a <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of lepers.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 12th century, <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">crusaders</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Lazarus" title="Order of Saint Lazarus">Order of Saint Lazarus</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bourges_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_-_Vitraux_-39.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bourges_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_-_Vitraux_-39.jpg/220px-Bourges_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_-_Vitraux_-39.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bourges_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_-_Vitraux_-39.jpg/330px-Bourges_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_-_Vitraux_-39.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Bourges_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_-_Vitraux_-39.jpg/440px-Bourges_-_Cath%C3%A9drale_-_Vitraux_-39.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The story was often shown in art, especially carved at the portals of churches, at the foot of which beggars would sit (for example at <a href="/wiki/Moissac" title="Moissac">Moissac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basilique_St-Sernin,_Toulouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilique St-Sernin, Toulouse">Saint-Sernin, Toulouse</a>), pleading their cause. There is a surviving stained-glass window at <a href="/wiki/Bourges_Cathedral" title="Bourges Cathedral">Bourges Cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Latin liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church, the words of <i><a href="/wiki/In_paradisum" title="In paradisum">In paradisum</a></i> are sometimes chanted as the deceased is taken from church to burial, including this supplication: "Chorus angelorum te suscipiat ... et cum Lazaro quondam paupere aeternam habeas requiem" (May the ranks of angels receive you ... and with Lazarus, who was once poor, may you have eternal rest"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conflation_with_Lazarus_of_Bethany">Conflation with Lazarus of Bethany</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Conflation with Lazarus of Bethany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name "Lazarus" (from the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a>: אלעזר, Elʿāzār, <a href="/wiki/Eleazar" title="Eleazar">Eleazar</a>, "God is my help"<sup id="cite_ref-Barclay_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barclay-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) also appears in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a>, in which Jesus <a href="/wiki/Resurrect" class="mw-redirect" title="Resurrect">resurrects</a> <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_of_Bethany" title="Lazarus of Bethany">Lazarus of Bethany</a> four days after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically within Christianity, the begging Lazarus of the parable (feast day 21 June) and Lazarus of Bethany (feast day 29 July) have sometimes been conflated,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with some churches<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> celebrating a blessing of dogs, associated with the beggar, on 17 December, date previously associated with Lazarus of Bethany in Roman Catholicism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOLK_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOLK-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque</a> iconography carved on portals in <a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a> and Provence might be indicative of such a conflation. For example, at the west portal of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Trophime,_Arles" title="Church of St. Trophime, Arles">Church of St. Trophime</a> at <a href="/wiki/Arles" title="Arles">Arles</a>, the beggar Lazarus is enthroned as St. Lazarus. Similar examples are found at the church at <a href="/wiki/Avallon" title="Avallon">Avallon</a>, the central portal at <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9zelay" title="Vézelay">Vézelay</a>, and the portals of the <a href="/wiki/Autun_Cathedral" title="Autun Cathedral">cathedral of Autun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature_and_poetry">In literature and poetry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In literature and poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Summoner%27s_Prologue_and_Tale" class="mw-redirect" title="The Summoner's Prologue and Tale">Summoner</a></i> observes that "Dives and Lazarus lived differently, and their rewards were different."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Part_1" title="Henry IV, Part 1">Henry IV, Part 1</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/John_Falstaff" title="John Falstaff">Sir John Falstaff</a> alludes to the story while insulting his friend Bardolph about his face, comparing it to a <a href="/wiki/Memento_mori" title="Memento mori">memento mori</a>: "I never see thy face," he says "but I think upon hell-fire and Dives that lived in purple; for there he is in his robes, burning, burning" (III, 3, 30–33). When recalling the death of Falstaff in <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(play)" title="Henry V (play)">Henry V</a></i> the description of Lazarus in heaven ("into Abraham's bosom") is parodied as "He's in Arthur's bosom, if ever man went to Arthur's bosom." (II. 3, 7–8) </p><p>References to Dives and Lazarus are a frequent image in socially conscious fiction of the Victorian period.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <dl><dd>"workers and masters are separate as Dives and Lazarus" "ay, as separate as Dives and Lazarus, with a great gulf betwixt" (<a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Gaskell" title="Elizabeth Gaskell">Elizabeth Gaskell</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Barton" title="Mary Barton">Mary Barton</a> a tale of Manchester life</i> 1848)</dd> <dd>"Between them, and a working woman full of faults, there is a deep gulf set." (<a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Hard_Times_(novel)" title="Hard Times (novel)">Hard Times</a></i> 1854)</dd></dl> <p>Although Dickens' <i><a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol" title="A Christmas Carol">A Christmas Carol</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chimes" title="The Chimes">The Chimes</a></i> do not make any direct reference to the story, the introduction to the Oxford edition of the <i>Christmas Books</i> does.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Moby-Dick" title="Moby-Dick">Moby-Dick</a></i>, Ishmael describes a windswept and cold night from the perspective of Lazarus ("Poor Lazarus, chattering his teeth against the curbstone...") and Dives ("...the privilege of making my own summer with my own coals").<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The poem "<a href="/wiki/The_Love_Song_of_J._Alfred_Prufrock" title="The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock">The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock</a>" by <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a> contains the lines: 'To say: "I am Lazarus, come from the dead,/Come back to tell you all, I shall tell you all"' in reference<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (July 2022)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Rich_man_and_Lazarus#Dubious" title="Talk:Rich man and Lazarus">discuss</a></i>]</sup> to Dives' request to have Beggar Lazarus return from the dead to tell his brothers of his fate. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Richard_Crashaw" title="Richard Crashaw">Richard Crashaw</a> wrote a <a href="/wiki/Metaphysical_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaphysical poetry">metaphysical</a> stanza for his <i>Steps to the Temple</i> in 1646 entitled, "Upon Lazarus His Tears": </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>Rich Lazarus! richer in those gems, thy tears,<br /> Than Dives in the robes he wears:<br /> He scorns them now, but oh they'll suit full well<br /> With the purple he must wear in hell.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Dives and Lazarus appear in <a href="/wiki/Edith_Sitwell" title="Edith Sitwell">Edith Sitwell</a>'s poem "Still falls the Rain" from "The Canticle of the Rose", first published in 1941. It was written after <a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">The Blitz</a> on <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in 1940. The poem is dark, full of the disillusions of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. It speaks of the failure of man, but also of God's continuing involvement in the world through <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>Still falls the Rain<br /> At the feet of the Starved Man hung upon the Cross.<br /> Christ that each day, each night, nails there, have mercy on us—<br /> On Dives and on Lazarus:<br /> Under the Rain the sore and the gold are as one.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_music">In music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: In music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Rich_man_and_Lazarus" title="Special:EditPage/Rich man and Lazarus">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>"<i>Vater Abraham, erbarme dich mein</i>", <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Heinrich_Sch%C3%BCtz" title="List of compositions by Heinrich Schütz">SWV</a> 477 ("<i>Dialogus divites Epulonis cum Abrahamo</i>"), a work by <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Sch%C3%BCtz" title="Heinrich Schütz">Heinrich Schütz</a>, is a setting of the dialog between Abraham and the rich man dating to the 1620s. It is notable for its virtuosic text-painting of the flames of hell, as well as being an important example of the "dialog" as a step towards the development of the <a href="/wiki/Oratorio" title="Oratorio">oratorio</a>. </p><p>"<i>Dives Malus</i>" (the wicked rich man) also known as "<i>Historia Divitis</i>" (c. 1640) by <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Carissimi" title="Giacomo Carissimi">Giacomo Carissimi</a> is a Latin paraphrase of the Luke text, set as an oratorio for 2 sopranos, tenor, bass; for private performance in the <a href="/wiki/Oratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Oratories">oratories</a> of Rome in the 1640s. <i>Mensch, was du tust</i> a German sacred concerto by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp_F%C3%B6rtsch" title="Johann Philipp Förtsch">Johann Philipp Förtsch</a> (1652–1732).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The story appeared as an English folk song whose oldest written documentation dates from 1557,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the depiction of the afterlife altered to fit Christian tradition. The song was also published as the <a href="/wiki/Child_Ballads" title="Child Ballads">Child Ballad</a> <a href="/wiki/Dives_and_Lazarus_(ballad)" title="Dives and Lazarus (ballad)">Dives and Lazarus</a> in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Vaughan_Williams" title="Ralph Vaughan Williams">Ralph Vaughan Williams</a> based his orchestral piece <i><a href="/wiki/Five_Variants_of_Dives_and_Lazarus" title="Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus">Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus</a></i> (1939) on this folk song,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also used an arrangement as the hymn tune <i>Kingsfold</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Britten" title="Benjamin Britten">Benjamin Britten</a> set <a href="/wiki/Edith_Sitwell" title="Edith Sitwell">Edith Sitwell</a>'s poem "Still Falls the Rain" (above) to music in his third Canticle in a series of five.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The traditional US gospel song "Dip Your Fingers In The Water" has been recorded in various versions by a number of artists, notably by folk singer and civil rights activist <a href="/wiki/Josh_White" title="Josh White">Josh White</a> on his 1947 album "Josh White – Ballads And Blues Volume 2".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lyrics contain the recurring refrain "Dip your finger in the water, come and cool my tongue, cause I'm tormented in the flame". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Order_of_Saint_Lazarus_of_Jerusalem">Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Lazarus" title="Order of Saint Lazarus">Order of Saint Lazarus</a></div> <p>The Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem is an <a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">order of chivalry</a> that originated in a <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leper</a> hospital founded by <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> in the 12th century by <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusaders</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem</a>. The Order of Saint Lazarus is one of the most ancient of the European orders of chivalry, yet is one of the less-known and less-documented orders. The first mention of the Order of Saint Lazarus in surviving sources dates to 1142. </p><p>The order was originally established to treat the virulent disease of <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leprosy</a>, its knights originally being lepers themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the modern-day order's official international website, "From its foundation in the 12th century, the members of the Order were dedicated to two ideals: aid to those suffering from the dreadful disease of leprosy and the defense of the Christian faith."<sup id="cite_ref-OSLJ_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSLJ-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sufferers of leprosy regarded the beggar Lazarus (of Luke 16:19–31) as their patron saint and usually dedicated their hospices to him.<sup id="cite_ref-OSLJ_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSLJ-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The order was initially founded as a leper hospital outside the city walls of <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, but hospitals were established all across the Holy Land dependent on the Jerusalem hospital, notably in <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>. It is unknown when the order became militarised, but militarisation occurred before the end of the 12th century due to the large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Templars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Hospitallers</a> sent to the leper hospitals to be treated. The order established 'lazar houses' across Europe to care for lepers, and it was well supported by other <a href="/wiki/Military_order_(society)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military order (society)">military orders</a>, which compelled lazar brethren in their rule to join the Order of Saint Lazarus upon contracting leprosy.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazaretto" title="Lazaretto">Lazaretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Jesus in the New Testament">Life of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_16" title="Luke 16">Luke 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sheep_and_the_Goats" title="The Sheep and the Goats">The Sheep and the Goats</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Footnotes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The traditional name <i>Dives</i> is not actually a name, but instead a word for "rich man",<sup id="cite_ref-Hultgren_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hultgren-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:dives#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:dives">dives</a></i>, in the text of the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> Bible, the <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rich man was also given the names <i>Neuēs</i> (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Fineas</i> (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Phineas_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phineas (disambiguation)">Phineas</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the 3rd and 4th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Hultgren_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hultgren-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hultgren-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hultgren_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hultgren_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hultgren_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHultgren2002" class="citation book cs1">Hultgren, Arland J (2002-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P2UvmRVLF18C&pg=PA110"><i>The Parables of Jesus: A Commentary</i></a>. pp. 110–118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6077-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6077-4"><bdi>978-0-8028-6077-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Parables+of+Jesus%3A+A+Commentary&rft.pages=110-118&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-6077-4&rft.aulast=Hultgren&rft.aufirst=Arland+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP2UvmRVLF18C%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/bible/nova_vulgata/documents/nova-vulgata_nt_evang-lucam_lt.html#16">"Luke, chapter 16 verse 19"</a>. <i>The Bible – Latin Vulgate</i>. The Vatican<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2013</span>. <q>homo quidam erat dives et induebatur purpura et bysso et epulabatur cotidie splendide</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bible+%E2%80%93+Latin+Vulgate&rft.atitle=Luke%2C+chapter+16+verse+19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fbible%2Fnova_vulgata%2Fdocuments%2Fnova-vulgata_nt_evang-lucam_lt.html%2316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzmyer1995" class="citation book cs1">Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (1995-03-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jw2KAAAACAAJ"><i>The Gospel According to Luke (I-IX)</i></a>. p. 1110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-52247-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-52247-2"><bdi>978-0-385-52247-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+According+to+Luke+%28I-IX%29&rft.pages=1110&rft.date=1995-03-01&rft.isbn=978-0-385-52247-2&rft.aulast=Fitzmyer&rft.aufirst=Joseph+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJw2KAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetzger1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Metzger" title="Bruce M. Metzger">Metzger, Bruce M.</a> (1977). <i>The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations</i>. <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>. p. 136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-826170-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-826170-4"><bdi>978-0-19-826170-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Versions+of+the+New+Testament%3A+Their+Origin%2C+Transmission%2C+and+Limitations&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-19-826170-4&rft.aulast=Metzger&rft.aufirst=Bruce+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fitzmyer IX, Ad populum I (<a href="/wiki/CSEL" class="mw-redirect" title="CSEL">CSEL</a> 18.91), spelled Finees; and in <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Cyprian" title="Pseudo-Cyprian">Ps.-Cyprian</a>, De pascha computus 17 (CSEL 3/3.265), spelled Finaeus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+16:19–31&version=nkjv">Luke 16:19–31</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMâle1961" class="citation book cs1">Mâle, Émile (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LBylnAEACAAJ"><i>The Gothic Image: Religious Art in France of the Thirteenth Century</i></a>. p. 195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-630601-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-630601-6"><bdi>978-0-00-630601-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gothic+Image%3A+Religious+Art+in+France+of+the+Thirteenth+Century&rft.pages=195&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=978-0-00-630601-6&rft.aulast=M%C3%A2le&rft.aufirst=%C3%89mile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLBylnAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Multiple sources summarized at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faithfutures.org/JDB/jdb471.html">Jesus Database</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See R.M. Bredenhof, Failure and Prospect: Lazarus and the Rich Man (Luke 16:19–31) in the Context of Luke-Acts (LNTS 603; London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2019), pp. 5-10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Homilies of Saint Jerome</i>. Translated by Sister Marie Liguori Ewald. 1966.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Homilies+of+Saint+Jerome&rft.date=1966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Webpage-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Webpage_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bible.ca/su-hades-luke16.htm#mainline">Webpage</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (February 2020)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> which argues that Lazarus and the rich man is literally true (whilst the language used by them could have been figurative).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Church_contact-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Church_contact_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.renoassembly.com/">Church contact</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a review of ancient and contemporary interpretations of the name 'Lazarus', see R.M. Bredenhof, "Looking for Lazarus: Assigning Meaning to the Poor Man in Luke 16.19–31", New Testament Studies 66 (2020), pp. 51-67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g. <i>The IVP Bible Background Commentary</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wright T. <i>Luke for Everyone</i> "doesn't add anything new to the general folk belief about fortunes being reversed in a future life. If it's a parable, that means once again that we should take it as picture language about something that was going on in Jesus' work" p. 201</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeremias1998" class="citation book cs1">Jeremias, Joachim (January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gD4laLYTTDkC"><i>Die Gleichnisse Jesu</i></a>. pp. 123–125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-525-53514-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-525-53514-1"><bdi>978-3-525-53514-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Gleichnisse+Jesu&rft.pages=123-125&rft.date=1998-01&rft.isbn=978-3-525-53514-1&rft.aulast=Jeremias&rft.aufirst=Joachim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgD4laLYTTDkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orlutheran.com/html/mlselk16.html">volume IV: pp. 17–32</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101011061225/http://orlutheran.com/html/mlselk16.html">Archived</a> 2010-10-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, The Sermons of Martin Luther Baker Book House Grand Rapids, MI</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2007 edition p. 176</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Companion Bible p. 1489, citing "Lightfoot xii, 159–63"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See many other examples in Lightfoot vol. xii. pp. 159–68 (Companion Bible, p. 1488)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christadelphianbooks.org/haw/sitg/sitgb43.html">"Whittaker, H.A. Studies in the gospels. Biblia, Staffordshire 1984, 2nd Ed. 1989 p495"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Whittaker%2C+H.A.+Studies+in+the+gospels.+Biblia%2C+Staffordshire+1984%2C+2nd+Ed.+1989+p495&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christadelphianbooks.org%2Fhaw%2Fsitg%2Fsitgb43.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Friedrich Gustav Lisco, (trans. <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Fairbairn" title="Patrick Fairbairn">Patrick Fairbairn</a>) <i>The parables of Jesus: explained and illustrated</i> 1853 p343 "Many expositors have thought they discovered, in this story, a real history, and referred it to the family of Annas and his son-in-law, Caiaphas,"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox,_Steven" class="citation web cs1">Cox, Steven. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christadelphia.org/pamphlet/p_lazarus.htm">"The Rich Man, Lazarus, and Abraham"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rich+Man%2C+Lazarus%2C+and+Abraham&rft.au=Cox%2C+Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christadelphia.org%2Fpamphlet%2Fp_lazarus.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Sepp" title="Johann Nepomuk Sepp">Johann Nepomuk Sepp</a>, <i>Thaten und Lehren Jesu: mit ihrer weltgeschichtlichen Beglaubigung</i> 1864.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittaker1989" class="citation web cs1">Whittaker, H. A. (1989) [1984]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christadelphianbooks.org/haw/sitg/sitgb43.html">"Studies in the gospels"</a> (2nd ed.). Staffordshire: Biblia. p. 495.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Studies+in+the+gospels&rft.place=Staffordshire&rft.pages=495&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Biblia&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=H.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christadelphianbooks.org%2Fhaw%2Fsitg%2Fsitgb43.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Friedrich Gustav Lisco, (trans. <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Fairbairn" title="Patrick Fairbairn">Patrick Fairbairn</a>) <i>The parables of Jesus: explained and illustrated</i> 1853 p. 343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"et c'est cet endurcissement que Jésus prédit quand il dit que du moment qu'ils n'écoutent ni Moïse ni les prophètes ils n'écouteront pas d'avantage quelqu'un qui viendrait de l'autre monde". Drioux Claude-Joseph <i>La Bible populaire: hist. illustrée de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Testament.</i> Hachette, Paris 1864 p. 497</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerry2012" class="citation book cs1">Perry, Simon (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://simonperry.org.uk/publications"><i>Resurrecting Interpretation: Technology, Hermeneutics and the Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus</i></a>. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-11-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Resurrecting+Interpretation%3A+Technology%2C+Hermeneutics+and+the+Parable+of+the+Rich+Man+and+Lazarus&rft.place=Eugene%2C+OR&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsimonperry.org.uk%2Fpublications&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justus_Knecht" class="extiw" title="de:Justus Knecht">Friedrich Justus Knecht (In German)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedrich_Justus_Knecht1910" class="citation book cs1">Friedrich Justus Knecht (1910). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture/XLVI. The Parable of Dives and Lazarus"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Practical_Commentary_on_Holy_Scripture/XLVI._The_Parable_of_Dives_and_Lazarus">"The Parable of Dives and Lazarus" </a></span>. <i>A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture</i>. B. Herder.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Parable+of+Dives+and+Lazarus&rft.btitle=A+Practical+Commentary+on+Holy+Scripture&rft.pub=B.+Herder&rft.date=1910&rft.au=Friedrich+Justus+Knecht&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barclay-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barclay_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barclay_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarclay1999" class="citation book cs1">Barclay, William (1999-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s-vdxaBmtTsC&pg=PA92"><i>The Parables of Jesus</i></a>. pp. 92–98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25828-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25828-3"><bdi>978-0-664-25828-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Parables+of+Jesus&rft.pages=92-98&rft.date=1999-02-01&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25828-3&rft.aulast=Barclay&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds-vdxaBmtTsC%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ante-Nicene_Fathers/Volume_I/IRENAEUS/Against_Heresies:_Book_II/Chapter_XXXIV.">"Irenaeus. Against Heresies: Book II, ch. XXXIV"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Irenaeus.+Against+Heresies%3A+Book+II%2C+ch.+XXXIV.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FAnte-Nicene_Fathers%2FVolume_I%2FIRENAEUS%2FAgainst_Heresies%3A_Book_II%2FChapter_XXXIV.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibleunderstanding.com/richmanandlazarus_contents.htm">"E.W. Bullinger on Luke 16:19–31"</a>. 23 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=E.W.+Bullinger+on+Luke+16%3A19%E2%80%9331&rft.date=2014-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bibleunderstanding.com%2Frichmanandlazarus_contents.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVann2012" class="citation web cs1">Vann, Jefferson (September 17, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afterlife.co.nz/2012/conditional-immortality-key-passages/rich-man-and-lazarus/">"The Rich man and Lazarus and the intermediate state"</a>. <i>Afterlife</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Afterlife&rft.atitle=The+Rich+man+and+Lazarus+and+the+intermediate+state&rft.date=2012-09-17&rft.aulast=Vann&rft.aufirst=Jefferson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afterlife.co.nz%2F2012%2Fconditional-immortality-key-passages%2Frich-man-and-lazarus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bryan T. Huie – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tentmaker.org/articles/Lazarus-byHuie.htm">Lazarus and the Rich Man</a> – Tentmaker Ministries. Retrieved 14 July 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cupofwrath.com/risen-dust/29-lake-fire.php">What Happens When I Die?</a> – When rightly divided, the scriptures support annihilationism; the belief that the wicked will be "destroyed" in the Lake of Fire. – cupofwrath.com. Retrieved 14 July 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. B. Caird, <i>The Gospel of St. Luke</i> (<a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>), p. 191</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Parables of Jesus</i>, p. 182–87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I. Howard Marshall, <i>The New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Gospel of Luke</i>, p. 634</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hugo Gressmann, <i>Vom reichen Mann und armen Lazarus: eine literargeschichtliche Studie</i> (1918)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also see <i>The Interpreter's Bible</i>, Vol. 8 (New York: Abingdon Press), p. 290</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also note: '...a passage from Whiston's edition of Josephus, <i>A Discourse to Greeks Concerning Hades</i>,...bears an uncanny resemblance to Luke 16. Unfortunately, the resemblance is so uncanny because the passage is based on Luke 16. The author is not Josephus but the 4th Century Bishop Hippolytus. At some point, a copying error confused the names and the mistake was not discovered until recently.' Steven Cox, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tidings.org/studies/fables200007.htm">Not Giving Heed to Jewish Fables (2): Abraham in the Underworld</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222070430/http://www.tidings.org/studies/fables200007.htm">Archived</a> 2012-02-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>' in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christadelphian_Tidings_of_the_Kingdom_of_God" title="The Christadelphian Tidings of the Kingdom of God">The Christadelphian Tidings of the Kingdom of God</a></i> (July 2000)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'It is quite plausible that a version of the Egyptian and Jewish story was current in first-century Palestine and that Jesus would have known it. Thus...he could have borrowed the two motifs from it. On the other hand, he may well have known other stories which used one of both motifs. He could have known the motifs without consciously borrowing them from any one particular story.' Richard Bauckham, <i>The fate of the dead: studies on the Jewish and Christian apocalypses</i> (<a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>, 1998), p. 101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Bauckham, <i>The fate of the dead: studies on the Jewish and Christian apocalypses</i> (<a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>, 1998), p. 101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Cox, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christadelphia.org/pamphlet/p_lazarus.htm">The Rich Man, Lazarus, and Abraham</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad</a>: Printland Publishers, 2000)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Cox, '<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tidings.org/studies/fables200007.htm">Not Giving Heed to Jewish Fables (2): Abraham in the Underworld</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222070430/http://www.tidings.org/studies/fables200007.htm">Archived</a> 2012-02-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>' in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christadelphian_Tidings_of_the_Kingdom_of_God" title="The Christadelphian Tidings of the Kingdom of God">The Christadelphian Tidings of the Kingdom of God</a></i> (July 2000)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0520.htm">"Against Plato, On the Cause of the Universe"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Against+Plato%2C+On+the+Cause+of+the+Universe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Ffathers%2F0520.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catholicsaints.info/saint-lazarus/">"Saint Lazarus"</a>. 11 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Lazarus&rft.date=2013-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatholicsaints.info%2Fsaint-lazarus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_M%C3%A2le" title="Émile Mâle">Émile Mâle</a>, The Gothic Image, Religious Art in France of the Thirteenth Century, p. 200, English trans of 3rd edn, 1913, Collins, London (and many other editions)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gavrilova, L. V., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/38640754.pdf">From the History of Artistic Interpretations of the Biblical Story about the Lazarus Resurrection</a>, <i>Journal of <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Federal_University" title="Siberian Federal University">Siberian Federal University</a>, Humanities & Social Sciences</i> 1 (2014 7) 20-29, accessed 2 July 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLosch2008" class="citation book cs1">Losch, Richard R (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j9db9kGwG3MC&pg=PA255"><i>All the People in the Bible: An A-z Guide to the Saints, Scoundrels, and Other Characters in Scripture</i></a>. pp. 255–256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2454-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2454-7"><bdi>978-0-8028-2454-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+the+People+in+the+Bible%3A+An+A-z+Guide+to+the+Saints%2C+Scoundrels%2C+and+Other+Characters+in+Scripture&rft.pages=255-256&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2454-7&rft.aulast=Losch&rft.aufirst=Richard+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj9db9kGwG3MC%26pg%3DPA255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a discussion of the conflation of the Luke 16 Lazarus and the John 11 Lazarus, see R.M. Bredenhof, "Looking for Lazarus: Assigning Meaning to the Poor Man in Luke 16.19–31", New Testament Studies 66 (2020), pp. 63-64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Drioux C.J. La Bible populaire. Paris, 1864</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOLK-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOLK_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen Gencarella Olbrys, "Money talks: folklore in the public sphere". <i>Folklore</i> Vol. 116, No. 3 (December 2005), pp. 292-310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/rc_con_ccdds_doc_20210126_decreto-santi_en.html">DECREE on the Celebration of Saints Martha, Mary and Lazarus in the General Roman Calendar</a> CONGREGATIO DE CULTU DIVINO ET DISCIPLINA SACRAMENTORUM</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard Hamann, "Lazarus in Heaven". <i>The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs</i> 63 No. 364 (July 1933), pp. 3–5, 8–11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120630230506/http://www.courses.fas.harvard.edu/~chaucer/teachslf/sumt-par.htm">The Summoners's Prologue and Tale </a>, line 1877 – <i>"Lazar and Dives lyveden diversly, And divers gerdon hadden they therby."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith Sheila <i>The Other Nation</i> <a href="/wiki/OUP" class="mw-redirect" title="OUP">OUP</a> 1980 pp. 12–16 for extended discussion of the Dives and Lazarus imagery.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"And he cried it, how he cried it, from the housetops!—the wealth of Dives jostling the want of Lazarus, Trotty Veck's humble dish of tripe made humbler by Sir Joseph Bowley's opulent cheque-book; above all, Scrooge, who, obliged to subscribe to the prisons and the Poor Law, shut his eyes to the conditions of those ghastly institutions,..." The <i>Oxford Illustrated Dickens</i>: Christmas books – p. vi Charles Dickens, illustrated by Phiz, Hablot Knight Browne, 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Herman Melville, Moby-Dick <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VFAparWKC1EC">[1]</a></i>, Penguin Classics, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-243724-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-243724-7">0-14-243724-7</a>, Chapter 2, pp. 11–12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuel Johnson, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worksenglishpoe84unkngoog/page/n381">The Works of the English Poets, from Chaucer to Cowper: Including the Series Edited with Prefaces, Biographical and Critical</a></i>, 1810, p. 557.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graham Elliott, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8zk97Mc4jCEC&pg=PA100">Benjamin Britten: The spiritual dimension</a></i>, Oxford University Press, 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-816258-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-816258-8">0-19-816258-8</a>, p. 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jon Stallworthy, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j_30-EIBsXQC&pg=PA248">The Oxford Book of War Poetry</a></i>, Second Reissue, Oxford University Press, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-955453-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-955453-6">0-19-955453-6</a>, p. 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">La Capella Ducale; Musica Fiata/Roland Wilson rec. live, 26 October 2007, Hauptkirche St. Nikolai, Hamburg, Germany. DDD CPO 777369-2 [79:09]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Francis_James_Child" title="Francis James Child">Francis James Child</a>, <i>The English and Scottish popular Ballads</i>, Part IV, 1886; referring to (inter alia) <i>Arber, Registers of the Company of Stationers</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuiller-Couch2001" class="citation web cs1">Quiller-Couch, Arthur Thomas, ed. (2001) [1910]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/243/109.html">"The Oxford Book of Ballads, No. 109, Dives and Lazarus"</a>. Bartleby<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Book+of+Ballads%2C+No.+109%2C+Dives+and+Lazarus&rft.pub=Bartleby&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F243%2F109.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Kennedy, <i>The works of Ralph Vaughan Williams</i>. Oxford University Press (London, 1980), p. 278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusic2005" class="citation book cs1">Music, David W (2005-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-47A9N84GDMC"><i>A Selection of Shape-note Folk Hymns: From Southern United States Tune Books, 1816–61</i></a>. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89579-575-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89579-575-5"><bdi>978-0-89579-575-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Selection+of+Shape-note+Folk+Hymns%3A+From+Southern+United+States+Tune+Books%2C+1816%E2%80%9361&rft.pages=25&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-89579-575-5&rft.aulast=Music&rft.aufirst=David+W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-47A9N84GDMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Reed, Mervyn Cooke, and Donald Mitchell, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AMyKjyzEW_kC&pg=PA294">Letters from a Life: The Selected Letters of Benjamin Britten, 1913–1976, Volume 4: 1952–1957</a></i>, Boydell Press, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84383-382-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-84383-382-4">1-84383-382-4</a>, p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/Josh-White-Ballads-And-Blues-Volume-II/master/897022">"Josh White – Ballads And Blues Volume 2"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Discogs&rft.atitle=Josh+White+%E2%80%93+Ballads+And+Blues+Volume+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discogs.com%2FJosh-White-Ballads-And-Blues-Volume-II%2Fmaster%2F897022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Marcombe, <i>Leper Knights: The Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem in England, c. 1150–1544</i> (Rochester, NY: Boydell) 2003; Chapter 1 gives the general history.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OSLJ-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OSLJ_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OSLJ_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.st-lazarus.net/international/index.html">"History"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120701192902/http://www.st-lazarus.net/international/index.html">Archived</a> 2012-07-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, official international website of the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem. Retrieved on 2009-09-14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Marcombe, <i>Leper Knights</i>, The Boydell Press 2003, p. 11</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAquinas1867" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Aquinas, Thomas</a> (1867). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Ninety-nine Homilies of S. Thomas Aquinas Upon the Epistles and Gospels for Forty-nine Sundays of the Christian Year/Homilies for the Sundays From Trinity to Advent#4"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ninety-nine_Homilies_of_S._Thomas_Aquinas_Upon_the_Epistles_and_Gospels_for_Forty-nine_Sundays_of_the_Christian_Year/Homilies_for_the_Sundays_From_Trinity_to_Advent#4">"Homily II: Dives and Lazarus" </a></span>. <i>Ninety-nine Homilies of S. Thomas Aquinas Upon the Epistles and Gospels for Forty-nine Sundays of the Christian Year</i>. Church Press Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Homily+II%3A+Dives+and+Lazarus&rft.btitle=Ninety-nine+Homilies+of+S.+Thomas+Aquinas+Upon+the+Epistles+and+Gospels+for+Forty-nine+Sundays+of+the+Christian+Year&rft.pub=Church+Press+Company&rft.date=1867&rft.aulast=Aquinas&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaxter1823" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Baxter" title="Roger Baxter">Baxter, Roger</a> (1823). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Meditations For Every Day In The Year/Historical Narratives"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Meditations_For_Every_Day_In_The_Year/Historical_Narratives">"The Rich Glutton and Lazarus." </a></span>. <i>Meditations For Every Day In The Year</i>. New York: Benziger Brothers. pp. 472–474.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Rich+Glutton+and+Lazarus.&rft.btitle=Meditations+For+Every+Day+In+The+Year&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=472-474&rft.pub=Benziger+Brothers&rft.date=1823&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARich+man+and+Lazarus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_man_and_Lazarus&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jesus_footer" title="Template:Jesus footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jesus_footer" title="Template talk:Jesus footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jesus footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jesus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Jesus" title="Outline of Jesus">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jesus-related_topics" title="List of Jesus-related topics">List of topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Jesus" title="Chronology of Jesus">Chronology</a><br />of <a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Jesus's life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation" title="Annunciation">Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">Virgin birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_of_the_birth_of_Jesus" title="Date of the birth of Jesus">Date of birth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infancy_gospels" title="Infancy gospels">Infancy</a> (apocryphal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_years_of_Jesus" title="Unknown years of Jesus">Unknown years</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Christ" title="Temptation of Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Selecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayers_of_Jesus" title="Prayers of Jesus">Prayers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_of_Jesus" title="Homelessness of Jesus">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Entry into Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_Judas" title="Kiss of Judas">Betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Sayings of Jesus on the cross">Sayings on the cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">Tomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_gospel_traditions" title="Oral gospel traditions">Oral gospel traditions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Historical background of the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">New Testament places associated with Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Historicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_for_the_historical_Jesus" title="Quest for the historical Jesus">Quest for the historical Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_for_the_historicity_of_Jesus" title="Sources for the historicity of Jesus">Sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_on_Jesus" title="Josephus on Jesus">Josephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_on_Jesus" title="Tacitus on Jesus">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_bar_Serapion_on_Jesus" title="Mara bar Serapion on Jesus">Mara bar Serapion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Gospels" title="Historical reliability of the Gospels">Gospels</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_myth_theory" title="Christ myth theory">Christ myth theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_Jesus" title="List of books about Jesus">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Christ Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life of Christ in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_Museum" title="Life of Christ Museum">Life of Christ Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Jesus" title="List of statues of Jesus">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Transfiguration of Jesus in Christian art">Transfiguration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology#Person_of_Christ" title="Christology">Person of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">Pre-existence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Jesus" title="Relics associated with Jesus">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Session of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Christ" title="Cosmic Christ">Cosmic Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">In other faiths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuism" title="Jesuism">Jesuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_comparative_mythology" title="Jesus in comparative mythology">In comparative mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Jesus" title="Jewish views on Jesus">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_the_Talmud" title="Jesus in the Talmud">In the Talmud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus#Baháʼí_Faith" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Jesus the Splendour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Jesus" title="Master Jesus">Master Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> (legal father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Abdes_Pantera" title="Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera">Panthera</a> (alleged father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Brothers of Jesus">Brothers of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Kinship" title="Holy Kinship">Holy Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne" title="Saint Anne">Anne</a> (traditional maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim" title="Joachim">Joachim</a> (traditional maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heli_(biblical_figure)" title="Heli (biblical figure)">Heli</a> (paternal grandfather per Luke)</li> <li>Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_bloodline" title="Jesus bloodline">Descendants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopas" title="Clopas">Clopas</a> (traditional uncle)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Jesus" title="Language of Jesus">Language of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women" title="Jesus's interactions with women">Interactions with women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_Jesus" title="Rejection of Jesus">Rejection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_of_Jesus" title="Mental health of Jesus">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_appearance_of_Jesus" title="Race and appearance of Jesus">Race and appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_marital_status_of_Jesus" title="Sexuality and marital status of Jesus">Sexuality and marital status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jesus" title="Category:Jesus">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parables_of_Jesus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parables_of_Jesus" title="Template:Parables of Jesus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parables_of_Jesus" title="Template talk:Parables of Jesus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parables_of_Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parables of Jesus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parables_of_Jesus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables of Jesus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canonical Gospels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_barren_fig_tree" title="Parable of the barren fig tree">Barren Fig Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Budding_Fig_Tree" title="Parable of the Budding Fig Tree">Budding Fig Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counting_the_cost" title="Counting the cost">Counting the cost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_Drawing_in_the_Net" title="Parable of Drawing in the Net">Drawing in the Net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Faithful_Servant" title="Parable of the Faithful Servant">Faithful Servant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Friend_at_Night" title="Parable of the Friend at Night">Friend at Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Good_Samaritan" title="Parable of the Good Samaritan">Good Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Shepherd" title="Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grain_of_Wheat" title="The Grain of Wheat">Grain of Wheat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Great_Banquet" title="Parable of the Great Banquet">Great Banquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Growing_Seed" title="Parable of the Growing Seed">Growing Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Hidden_Treasure" title="Parable of the Hidden Treasure">Hidden Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamp_under_a_bushel" title="Lamp under a bushel">Lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Leaven" title="Parable of the Leaven">Leaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Lost_Coin" title="Parable of the Lost Coin">Lost Coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Lost_Sheep" title="Parable of the Lost Sheep">Lost Sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Master_and_Servant" title="Parable of the Master and Servant">Master and Servant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mote_and_the_Beam" title="The Mote and the Beam">Mote and the Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Mustard_Seed" title="Parable of the Mustard Seed">Mustard Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wine_into_Old_Wineskins" title="New Wine into Old Wineskins">New Wine into Old Wineskins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Pearl" title="Parable of the Pearl">Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharisee_and_the_Publican" title="Pharisee and the Publican">Pharisee and the Publican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son" title="Parable of the Prodigal Son">Prodigal Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Rich_Fool" title="Parable of the Rich Fool">Rich Fool</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rich man and Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_a_scribe" title="Parable of a scribe">Scribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sheep_and_the_Goats" title="The Sheep and the Goats">Sheep and Goats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Sower" title="Parable of the Sower">Sower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Strong_Man" title="Parable of the Strong Man">Strong Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_talents_or_minas" class="mw-redirect" title="Parable of the talents or minas">Talents or minas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Tares" title="Parable of the Tares">Tares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Ten_Virgins" title="Parable of the Ten Virgins">Ten Virgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_Vine" title="True Vine">True Vine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tree_and_its_Fruits" title="The Tree and its Fruits">Tree and its Fruits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Two_Debtors" title="Parable of the Two Debtors">Two Debtors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Two_Sons" title="Parable of the Two Sons">Two Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Unjust_Judge" title="Parable of the Unjust Judge">Unjust Judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Unjust_Steward" title="Parable of the Unjust Steward">Unjust Steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Unforgiving_Servant" title="Parable of the Unforgiving Servant">Unforgiving Servant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Wedding_Feast" title="Parable of the Wedding Feast">Wedding Feast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Wicked_Husbandmen" title="Parable of the Wicked Husbandmen">Wicked Husbandmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Wise_and_the_Foolish_Builders" title="Parable of the Wise and the Foolish Builders">Wise and Foolish Builders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Workers_in_the_Vineyard" title="Parable of the Workers in the Vineyard">Workers in the Vineyard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-canonical / disputed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_assassin" title="Parable of the assassin">Assassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_empty_jar" title="Parable of the empty jar">Empty Jar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">ministry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable" title="Parable">Parable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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