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aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Massanganus fästning</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. 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text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=sv&pagename=Massanganus_f%C3%A4stning&params=09_38_00_S_14_14_00_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kartor, flygfoton och andra data för denna plats"><span class="latitude">09°38′00″S</span> <span class="longitude">14°14′00″Ö</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kartor, flygfoton och andra data för denna plats">9.63333°S 14.23333°Ö</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-9.63333; 14.23333</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Fortaleza_de_Massangano,_Angola_-_2021-04-17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Fortaleza_de_Massangano%2C_Angola_-_2021-04-17.jpg/250px-Fortaleza_de_Massangano%2C_Angola_-_2021-04-17.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Fortaleza_de_Massangano%2C_Angola_-_2021-04-17.jpg/375px-Fortaleza_de_Massangano%2C_Angola_-_2021-04-17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Fortaleza_de_Massangano%2C_Angola_-_2021-04-17.jpg/500px-Fortaleza_de_Massangano%2C_Angola_-_2021-04-17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2006" data-file-height="1110" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Massanganus fästning</b> (<a href="/wiki/Portugisiska" title="Portugisiska">portugisiska</a>: <span lang="pt"><i>Fortalesa de Massangano</i></span>) är en fästning i byn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massangano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massangano [inte skriven än]">Massangano</a> i <a href="/wiki/Camambe" class="mw-redirect" title="Camambe">Camambe</a>, provinsen <a href="/wiki/Cuanza_Norte" title="Cuanza Norte">Cuanza Norte</a> i <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massanganus_f%C3%A4stning&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massanganus_f%C3%A4stning&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Platsen dyker upp <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a> där <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">portugisiska</a> styrkor besegrade kung <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiluange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiluange [inte skriven än]">Kiluange</a> av Ngola vid <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slaget_vid_Massangano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slaget vid Massangano [inte skriven än]">slaget vid Massangano</a> </p><p>1582 återvände de portugisiska styrkorna till Ngola, under ledning av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paulo_Dias_de_Novais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paulo Dias de Novais [inte skriven än]">Paulo Dias de Novais</a> för att försöka tränga sig in i regionen i sökandet efter de legendariska silvergruvorna. </p><p>1583 började fästningen byggas på stranden av floden <a href="/wiki/Kwanza_(flod)" title="Kwanza (flod)">Kwanza</a><sup id="cite_ref-whc_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whc-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Fästningen hade en defensiv funktion som fängelse (för den militära koloniseringen) och garanterade den portugisiska ockupationen av regionen. Förutom den portugisiska militärens närvaro innebar fortet att man kunde bygga upp kommersiella nät i området, däribland för slavhandeln. </p><p>1640 anföll drottning <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dona_Ana_de_Sousa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dona Ana de Sousa [inte skriven än]">Nzinga</a> fästningen i Massangano, som då höll hennes två systrar, Cambu och Fungi. Före ockupationen av <a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a> av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nederl%C3%A4ndska_V%C3%A4stindiska_kompaniet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nederländska Västindiska kompaniet [inte skriven än]">Nederländska Västindiska kompaniet</a> i augusti <a href="/wiki/1641" title="1641">1641</a> samlades de portugisiska styrkorna i Massangano, och förblev där tills man lyckades återerövra området under ledning av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvador_Correia_de_S%C3%A1_e_Benevides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvador Correia de Sá e Benevides [inte skriven än]">Salvador Correia de Sá e Benevides</a> i augusti <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Världsarvsstatus"><span id="V.C3.A4rldsarvsstatus"></span>Världsarvsstatus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massanganus_f%C3%A4stning&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Världsarvsstatus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massanganus_f%C3%A4stning&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Världsarvsstatus"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fästningen är sedan 22 november 1996 uppsatt på Angolas tentativa <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rldsarv" title="Världsarv">världsarvslista</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-whc_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whc-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massanganus_f%C3%A4stning&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massanganus_f%C3%A4stning&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span class="plainlinks"><i>Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från <a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page">portugisiskspråkiga Wikipedia</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Forte_de_Massangano&oldid=20194725">tidigare version</a>.</i></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-whc-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-whc_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whc_1-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/924/">”Fortress of Massanganu”</a> (på engelska). UNESCO World Heritage Centre<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/924/">http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/924/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 9 juli 2012</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Fortress+of+Massanganu&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Ftentativelists%2F924%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Massanganus_f%C3%A4stning"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massanganus_f%C3%A4stning&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massanganus_f%C3%A4stning&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/924/">Fortress of Massangano - UNESCO World Heritage Centre</a></li></ul> <p><span></span> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style="color:#000000; background:#AED0FF;;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:V%C3%A4rldsarv_i_Angola" title="Mall:Världsarv i Angola"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:V%C3%A4rldsarv_i_Angola&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A4rldsarv_i_Angola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Världsarv i Angola [inte skriven än]">Världsarv i Angola</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 2px 0px 0px;" rowspan="1"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:World_Heritage_flagg_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Världsarvsflagga"><img alt="Världsarvsflagga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/World_Heritage_flagg_2012.jpg/108px-World_Heritage_flagg_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/World_Heritage_flagg_2012.jpg/162px-World_Heritage_flagg_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/World_Heritage_flagg_2012.jpg/216px-World_Heritage_flagg_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4030" data-file-height="2980" /></a></span></td><td class="navbox-group" style="color:#000000; background:#AED0FF;;;">Tentativa världsarv</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kambambes_f%C3%A4stning" title="Kambambes fästning">Kambambes fästning</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Lilla_fortet_i_Kikombo" title="Lilla fortet i Kikombo">Lilla fortet i Kikombo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Massanganus fästning</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Mbanza-Kongo" title="Mbanza-Kongo">Mbanza-Kongo</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Muximas_f%C3%A4stning" title="Muximas fästning">Muximas fästning</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Francisco_do_Penedos_f%C3%A4stning" title="São Francisco do Penedos fästning">São Francisco do Penedos fästning</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Miguels_f%C3%A4stning" title="São Miguels fästning">São Miguels fästning</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Pedro_da_Barras_f%C3%A4stning" title="São Pedro da Barras fästning">São Pedro da Barras fästning</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5rfrukyrkan_i_Muxima" title="Vårfrukyrkan i Muxima">Vårfrukyrkan i Muxima</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5rfrukyrkan_i_Rosario" title="Vårfrukyrkan i Rosario">Vårfrukyrkan i Rosario</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A5rfrukyrkan_i_Victoria" title="Vårfrukyrkan i Victoria">Vårfrukyrkan i Victoria</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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