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id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Tipped+tool" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Tipped_tool&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>A <b>tipped tool</b> is any <a href="/wiki/Cutting_tool_(machining)" title="Cutting tool (machining)">cutting tool</a> in which the cutting edge consists of a separate piece of material that is <a href="/wiki/Brazing" title="Brazing">brazed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welding" title="Welding">welded</a>, or clamped onto a body made of another material. In the types in which the cutter portion is an <a href="/wiki/Indexing_(motion)" title="Indexing (motion)">indexable</a> part clamped by a screw, the cutters are called <b>inserts</b> (because they are inserted into the tool body). Tipped tools allow each part of the tool, the shank and the cutter(s), to be made of <a href="/wiki/Materials_science" title="Materials science">the material with the best properties</a> for its job. Common materials for the cutters (brazed tips or clamped inserts) include <a href="/wiki/Cemented_carbide" title="Cemented carbide">cemented carbide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polycrystalline_diamond" class="mw-redirect" title="Polycrystalline diamond">polycrystalline diamond</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cubic_boron_nitride" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubic boron nitride">cubic boron nitride</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stephenson_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stephenson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tools that are commonly tipped include <a href="/wiki/Milling_cutter" title="Milling cutter">milling cutters</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/End_mill" title="End mill">end mills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Face_mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Face mill">face mills</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fly_cutter" class="mw-redirect" title="Fly cutter">fly cutters</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tool_bit" title="Tool bit">tool bits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Router_bit" class="mw-redirect" title="Router bit">router bits</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saw" title="Saw">saw</a> blades (especially the metal-cutting ones). </p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LatheCarbideTippedTool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/LatheCarbideTippedTool.jpg/300px-LatheCarbideTippedTool.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/LatheCarbideTippedTool.jpg/450px-LatheCarbideTippedTool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/LatheCarbideTippedTool.jpg/600px-LatheCarbideTippedTool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1647" data-file-height="969"></a><figcaption>Carbide tipped turning tool and wrench</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MillingCutterCarbideTippedFaceMill-INT40.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/MillingCutterCarbideTippedFaceMill-INT40.jpg/170px-MillingCutterCarbideTippedFaceMill-INT40.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/MillingCutterCarbideTippedFaceMill-INT40.jpg/255px-MillingCutterCarbideTippedFaceMill-INT40.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/MillingCutterCarbideTippedFaceMill-INT40.jpg/340px-MillingCutterCarbideTippedFaceMill-INT40.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="1350"></a><figcaption>Carbide tipped face mill</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Tipped_tool" title="Special:EditPage/Tipped tool">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Tipped+tool%22">"Tipped tool"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Tipped+tool%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Tipped+tool%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Tipped+tool%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Tipped+tool%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Tipped+tool%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Advantages_and_disadvantages"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Advantages and disadvantages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Indexable_inserts"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Indexable inserts</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Wiper_insert"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Wiper insert</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#ISO_insert_coding"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">ISO insert coding</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Advantages_and_disadvantages">Advantages and disadvantages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tipped_tool&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Advantages and disadvantages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The advantage of tipped tools is only a small insert of the cutting material is needed to provide the cutting ability. The small size makes manufacturing of the insert easier than making a solid tool of the same material. This also reduces cost because the tool holder can be made of a less-expensive and <a href="/wiki/Toughness" title="Toughness">tougher</a> material. In some situations a tipped tool is better than its solid counterpart because it combines the toughness of the tool holder with the <a href="/wiki/Hardness" title="Hardness">hardness</a> of the insert.<sup id="cite_ref-stephenson_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stephenson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In other situations this is less than optimal, because the joint between the tool holder and the insert reduces rigidity.<sup id="cite_ref-stephenson_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stephenson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these tools may still be used because the overall cost savings is still greater. </p><p>In industry today, insert tools are perhaps slightly more common than solid tools, but solid tools are still used in many applications. Entire catalogs of solid–<a href="/wiki/High-speed_steel" title="High-speed steel">high-speed steel</a> (HSS) and solid-carbide end mills, for example, play prominent parts in some areas of milling practice, including diesinking, moldmaking, and aerospace <a href="/wiki/Job_production" title="Job production">job</a> or <a href="/wiki/Batch_production" title="Batch production">batch</a> production. Most <a href="/wiki/Machine_shop" title="Machine shop">machine shops</a> with <a href="/wiki/Metal_lathe" title="Metal lathe">lathes</a> have many solid-HSS and solid-carbide tool bits as well as many insert-tipped tool bits, and most commercial operations that involve routers (such as <a href="/wiki/Cabinetry" title="Cabinetry">cabinetry and furniture shops</a>) use plenty of solid-HSS and solid-carbide router bits as well as some tipped bits. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Indexable_inserts">Indexable inserts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tipped_tool&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Indexable inserts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Inserts are removable cutting tips, which means they are not brazed or welded to the tool body. They are usually <a href="/wiki/Indexing_(motion)" title="Indexing (motion)">indexable</a>, meaning that they can be exchanged, and often also rotated or flipped, without disturbing the overall geometry of the tool (effective diameter, tool length offset, etc.). This saves time in manufacturing by allowing fresh cutting edges to be presented periodically without the need for tool grinding, setup changes, or entering of new values into a <a href="/wiki/CNC" class="mw-redirect" title="CNC">CNC</a> program. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wiper_insert">Wiper insert</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tipped_tool&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wiper insert" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>A <i>wiper insert</i> is an insert used in a <a href="/wiki/Milling_machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Milling machine">milling machine</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Lathe" title="Lathe">lathe</a>. It is designed for finished cutting, to give a smooth surface on the surface being cut. It uses special geometry to give a good finish on the workpiece at a higher-than-normal feedrate. Wiper inserts generally have a larger area in contact with the workpiece, so they exert higher force on the workpiece. This makes them unsuitable for fragile workpieces. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ISO_insert_coding">ISO insert coding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tipped_tool&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: ISO insert coding" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISO1832_insert_code.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/ISO1832_insert_code.svg/350px-ISO1832_insert_code.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="112" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1061" data-file-height="339"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 112px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/ISO1832_insert_code.svg/350px-ISO1832_insert_code.svg.png" data-width="350" data-height="112" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/ISO1832_insert_code.svg/525px-ISO1832_insert_code.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/ISO1832_insert_code.svg/700px-ISO1832_insert_code.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>ISO1832 insert designation system.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Inserts used for turning and milling</i> are often numbered according to <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> standard 1832. This standard aims to make the naming, specifying and ordering of inserts a simple, consistent and traceable process. This standard takes into account both metric and imperial systems of units, although certain elements differ for each unit system. The code consists of up to 13 symbols with the first 12 of them being compulsory for inserts composed of <a href="/wiki/Cubic_Boron_Nitride" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubic Boron Nitride">cubic boron</a> or <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_diamond" title="Synthetic diamond">poly-crystalline diamond</a> and the first 7 being compulsory for all other types of composition.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tipped_tool&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_tools" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamond tools">Diamond tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond_blade" title="Diamond blade">Diamond blade</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Tipped_tool&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-stephenson-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stephenson_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stephenson_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stephenson_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStephensonAgapiou1997" class="citation cs2">Stephenson, David A.; Agapiou, John S. (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=19AdVu1O4fQC&pg=PA164"><i>Metal cutting theory and practice</i></a>, Marcel Dekker, p. 164, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8247-9579-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8247-9579-5"><bdi>978-0-8247-9579-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Metal+cutting+theory+and+practice&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Marcel+Dekker&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8247-9579-5&rft.aulast=Stephenson&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft.au=Agapiou%2C+John+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D19AdVu1O4fQC%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATipped+tool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ISO1832:2004, 4th Edition</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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