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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-French_regime_(1500s–1763)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French_regime_(1500s–1763)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>French regime (1500s–1763)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French_regime_(1500s–1763)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_and_Canadian_rule_(1763–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_and_Canadian_rule_(1763–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>British and Canadian rule (1763–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_and_Canadian_rule_(1763–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boroughs_and_neighbourhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boroughs_and_neighbourhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Boroughs and neighbourhoods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boroughs_and_neighbourhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Immigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Business_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Business districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Arts and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Attractions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Attractions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Attractions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Municipal_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Municipal government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>Public safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_and_sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_and_sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Air and sea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_and_sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Quebec City</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 125 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-125" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">125 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebecstad" title="Quebecstad – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Quebecstad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(Stadt)" title="Québec (Stadt) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Québec (Stadt)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AC%E1%89%A0%E1%8A%AD_%E1%8A%A8%E1%89%B0%E1%88%9B" title="ኬበክ ከተማ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኬበክ ከተማ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebecceaster" title="Quebecceaster – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Quebecceaster" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%83_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9)" title="كيبك (مدينة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيبك (مدينة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A8b%C3%A8c_(vela)" title="Quèbèc (vela) – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Quèbèc (vela)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(ciud%C3%A1)" title="Québec (ciudá) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Québec (ciudá)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opictikweak" title="Opictikweak – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Opictikweak" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9vek_t%C3%A1va" title="Kévek táva – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kévek táva" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvebek_(%C5%9F%C9%99h%C9%99r)" title="Kvebek (şəhər) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kvebek (şəhər)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A8%DA%A9_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کبک شهری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کبک شهری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Kota Québec – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kota Québec" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF" title="কেবেক সিটি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কেবেক সিটি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec-chh%C4%AB" title="Québec-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Québec-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Квебек (горад) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Квебек (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D1%8D%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BA_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Квэбэк (горад) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Квэбэк (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Квебек (град) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Квебек (град)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebek_(k%C3%AAr)" title="Kebek (kêr) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kebek (kêr)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciutat_de_Quebec" title="Ciutat de Quebec – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciutat de Quebec" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Квебек – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Квебек" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Québec (kapital sa lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Québec (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Québec – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Québec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_(cit%C3%A0)" title="Quebec (cità) – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Quebec (cità)" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(dinas)" title="Québec (dinas) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Québec (dinas)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(by)" title="Québec (by) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Québec (by)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(Stadt)" title="Québec (Stadt) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Québec (Stadt)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(linn)" title="Québec (linn) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Québec (linn)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B5%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BA_(%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B7)" title="Κεμπέκ (πόλη) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κεμπέκ (πόλη)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_(ciudad)" title="Quebec (ciudad) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Quebec (ciudad)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebekurbo" title="Kebekurbo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kebekurbo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_Hiria" title="Quebec Hiria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Quebec Hiria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A8%DA%A9_(%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1)" title="کبک (شهر) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کبک (شهر)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Quebec City" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(ville)" title="Québec (ville) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Québec (ville)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebek_(st%C3%AAd)" title="Kebek (stêd) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kebek (stêd)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathair_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Cathair Québec – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cathair Québec" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_(baile)" title="Quebec (baile) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Quebec (baile)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_(cidade)" title="Quebec (cidade) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Quebec (cidade)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Québec-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Québec-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%80%98%EB%B2%A1_(%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C)" title="퀘벡 (도시) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="퀘벡 (도시)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebek_(birni)" title="Kebek (birni) – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kebek (birni)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%AF_(%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84)" title="Քվեբեկ (քաղաք) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քվեբեկ (քաղաք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="क्यूबेक नगर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्यूबेक नगर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(grad)" title="Québec (grad) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Québec (grad)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Québec – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Québec" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siudad_ti_Quebec" title="Siudad ti Quebec – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Siudad ti Quebec" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Quebec" title="Kota Quebec – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kota Quebec" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%B3%E1%90%B8%E1%92%83" title="ᑳᐸᒃ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑳᐸᒃ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA_(%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80)" title="Квебек (сахар) – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Квебек (сахар)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9becborg" title="Québecborg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Québecborg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(citt%C3%A0)" title="Québec (città) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Québec (città)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A7_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99" title="קוויבק סיטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוויבק סיטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98)" title="კვებეკი (ქალაქი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კვებეკი (ქალაქი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA_(%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Квебек (қала) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Квебек (қала)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sita_Kebek" title="Sita Kebek – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Sita Kebek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiji_la_Quebec" title="Jiji la Quebec – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jiji la Quebec" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Квебек – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Квебек" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivdad_de_Kebek" title="Sivdad de Kebek – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Sivdad de Kebek" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebecum_urbs" title="Quebecum urbs – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Quebecum urbs" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvebeka_(pils%C4%93ta)" title="Kvebeka (pilsēta) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kvebeka (pilsēta)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(Stad)" title="Québec (Stad) – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Québec (Stad)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvebekas_(miestas)" title="Kvebekas (miestas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kvebekas (miestas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87itt%C3%A6_do_Quebec" title="Çittæ do Quebec – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Çittæ do Quebec" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(cit%C3%A0)" title="Québec (cità) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Québec (cità)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9s)" title="Québec (település) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Québec (település)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(tan%C3%A0na)" title="Québec (tanàna) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Québec (tanàna)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="ക്യൂബെക് സിറ്റി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്യൂബെക് സിറ്റി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(belt)" title="Québec (belt) – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Québec (belt)" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="क्वेबेक सिटी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्वेबेक सिटी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90)" title="კვებეკი (ნოღა) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კვებეკი (ნოღა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%83_(%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87)" title="كيبك (مدينه) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كيبك (مدينه)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandar_Raya_Quebec" title="Bandar Raya Quebec – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bandar Raya Quebec" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_(stad)" title="Quebec (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Quebec (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC" title="ケベック・シティー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケベック・シティー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA_(%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Квебек (гӀала) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Квебек (гӀала)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_(Steed)" title="Quebec (Steed) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Quebec (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(by)" title="Québec (by) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Québec (by)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Québec – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Québec" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C3%B9ubec_(vile)" title="Qùubec (vile) – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Qùubec (vile)" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vila_de_Queb%C3%A8c" title="Vila de Quebèc – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vila de Quebèc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvebek_(shahar)" title="Kvebek (shahar) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kvebek (shahar)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0" title="ਕੇਬੈੱਕ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੇਬੈੱਕ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%DA%A9_%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1" title="کیوبک شہر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیوبک شہر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Quebec City" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9b%C3%A9c_Vile" title="Kébéc Vile – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Kébéc Vile" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(sit%C3%A0)" title="Québec (sità) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Québec (sità)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_(miasto)" title="Quebec (miasto) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Quebec (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_(cidade)" title="Quebec (cidade) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quebec (cidade)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvebek" title="Kvebek – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kvebek" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(ora%C8%99)" title="Québec (oraș) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Québec (oraș)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_llaqta" title="Quebec llaqta – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Quebec llaqta" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Квебек (город) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Квебек (город)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%8D%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BA_(%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Куэбэк (куорат) – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Куэбэк (куорат)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(tzitade)" title="Québec (tzitade) – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Québec (tzitade)" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_Ceety" title="Quebec Ceety – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Quebec Ceety" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebeku_(qytet)" title="Kebeku (qytet) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kebeku (qytet)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Quebec City" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_(mesto)" title="Quebec (mesto) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Quebec (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(mesto)" title="Québec (mesto) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Québec (mesto)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(mjasto)" title="Québec (mjasto) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Québec (mjasto)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Quebec City" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Квебек (град) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Квебек (град)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(grad)" title="Québec (grad) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Québec (grad)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_(kaupunki)" title="Quebec (kaupunki) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Quebec (kaupunki)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(stad)" title="Québec (stad) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Québec (stad)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Lungsod ng Québec – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lungsod ng Québec" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கியூபெக் நகரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கியூபெக் நகரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebek_(Tamdint)" title="Kebek (Tamdint) – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Kebek (Tamdint)" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA_(%D1%88%D3%99%D2%BB%D3%99%D1%80)" title="Квебек (шәһәр) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Квебек (шәһәр)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81" title="นครเกแบ็ก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นครเกแบ็ก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(%C5%9Fehir)" title="Québec (şehir) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Québec (şehir)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Québec – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Québec" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE)" title="Квебек (місто) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Квебек (місто)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%DA%A9_%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%B1" title="کیوبک شہر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیوبک شہر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%DB%8B%DB%90%D8%A8%DB%90%D9%83_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="كۋېبېك شەھىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كۋېبېك شەھىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Quebec" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0nh_ph%E1%BB%91_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Thành phố Québec – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thành phố Québec" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(zif)" title="Québec (zif) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Québec (zif)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%82" title="魁北克市 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="魁北克市" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_(syudad)" title="Quebec (syudad) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Quebec (syudad)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Québec – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Québec" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%82" title="魁北克市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="魁北克市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E5%8C%97%E5%85%8B%E5%B8%82" title="魁北克市 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="魁北克市" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Quebec City" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Quebec_City&params=46_48_50_N_71_12_29_W_region:CA-QC_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°48′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°12′29″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.81389°N 71.20806°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.81389; -71.20806</span></span></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-cgndb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgndb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Provincial capital of Quebec, Canada</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Quebec, Canada</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Québec</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Quebec">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Ville de Québec</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:151px;max-width:151px"><div style=";height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quebec_City_Rue_St-Louis_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Quebec_City_Rue_St-Louis_2010.jpg/149px-Quebec_City_Rue_St-Louis_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Quebec_City_Rue_St-Louis_2010.jpg/224px-Quebec_City_Rue_St-Louis_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Quebec_City_Rue_St-Louis_2010.jpg/298px-Quebec_City_Rue_St-Louis_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Old_Quebec" title="Old Quebec">Old Quebec</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div style=";height:99px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_quebec_city.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Old_quebec_city.jpg/135px-Old_quebec_city.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Old_quebec_city.jpg/203px-Old_quebec_city.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Old_quebec_city.jpg/270px-Old_quebec_city.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4025" data-file-height="2964" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Terrasse_Dufferin" title="Terrasse Dufferin">Terrasse Dufferin</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style=";height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qu%C3%A9bec_-_H%C3%B4tel_du_Parlement_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Qu%C3%A9bec_-_H%C3%B4tel_du_Parlement_3.jpg/150px-Qu%C3%A9bec_-_H%C3%B4tel_du_Parlement_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Qu%C3%A9bec_-_H%C3%B4tel_du_Parlement_3.jpg/225px-Qu%C3%A9bec_-_H%C3%B4tel_du_Parlement_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Qu%C3%A9bec_-_H%C3%B4tel_du_Parlement_3.jpg/300px-Qu%C3%A9bec_-_H%C3%B4tel_du_Parlement_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2587" data-file-height="1623" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Parliament_Building_(Quebec)" title="Parliament Building (Quebec)">Quebec Parliament Building</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style=";height:94px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Place_Royale_at_night,_Vieux-Qu%C3%A9bec,_Quebec_ville,_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Place_Royale_at_night%2C_Vieux-Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Quebec_ville%2C_Canada.jpg/134px-Place_Royale_at_night%2C_Vieux-Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Quebec_ville%2C_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Place_Royale_at_night%2C_Vieux-Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Quebec_ville%2C_Canada.jpg/201px-Place_Royale_at_night%2C_Vieux-Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Quebec_ville%2C_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Place_Royale_at_night%2C_Vieux-Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Quebec_ville%2C_Canada.jpg/268px-Place_Royale_at_night%2C_Vieux-Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Quebec_ville%2C_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5645" data-file-height="3990" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Place_Royale,_Quebec_City" title="Place Royale, Quebec City">Place Royale</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:139px;max-width:139px"><div style=";height:102px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec_et_le_pont_Pierre-Laporte_vus_du_boulevard_Champlain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Le_pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec_et_le_pont_Pierre-Laporte_vus_du_boulevard_Champlain.jpg/137px-Le_pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec_et_le_pont_Pierre-Laporte_vus_du_boulevard_Champlain.jpg" decoding="async" width="137" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Le_pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec_et_le_pont_Pierre-Laporte_vus_du_boulevard_Champlain.jpg/206px-Le_pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec_et_le_pont_Pierre-Laporte_vus_du_boulevard_Champlain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Le_pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec_et_le_pont_Pierre-Laporte_vus_du_boulevard_Champlain.jpg/274px-Le_pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec_et_le_pont_Pierre-Laporte_vus_du_boulevard_Champlain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4438" data-file-height="3328" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laporte_Bridge" title="Pierre Laporte Bridge">Pierre Laporte Bridge</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:149px;max-width:149px"><div style=";height:102px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand-S%C3%A9minaire-Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Grand-S%C3%A9minaire-Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg/147px-Grand-S%C3%A9minaire-Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Grand-S%C3%A9minaire-Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg/221px-Grand-S%C3%A9minaire-Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Grand-S%C3%A9minaire-Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg/294px-Grand-S%C3%A9minaire-Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2814" data-file-height="1976" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Laval_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Laval University">Séminaire Québec</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style=";height:136px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_city_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_city_at_night.jpg/288px-Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_city_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_city_at_night.jpg/432px-Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_city_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_city_at_night.jpg/576px-Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_city_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5488" data-file-height="2600" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Chateau_Frontenac" class="mw-redirect" title="Chateau Frontenac">Chateau Frontenac</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Québec"><img alt="Flag of Québec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg/120px-Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg/180px-Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg/240px-Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="682" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Quebec_City" title="Flag of Quebec City">Flag</a></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_de_la_ville_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Québec"><img alt="Coat of arms of Québec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Armoiries_de_la_ville_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.svg/74px-Armoiries_de_la_ville_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="74" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Armoiries_de_la_ville_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.svg/111px-Armoiries_de_la_ville_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/21/Armoiries_de_la_ville_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.svg/148px-Armoiries_de_la_ville_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="351" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Quebec_City" title="Coat of arms of Quebec City">Coat of arms</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quebec_City.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Québec"><img alt="Official logo of Québec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Quebec_City.svg/100px-Quebec_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Quebec_City.svg/150px-Quebec_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/49/Quebec_City.svg/200px-Quebec_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="187" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/List_of_city_nicknames_in_Canada#Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="List of city nicknames in Canada">La Vieille Capitale</a></i></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Don de Dieu feray valoir</i></span><br />("I shall put God's gift to good use"; the <i>Don de Dieu</i> was Champlain's ship)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_Quebec_location_map_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Québec is located in Quebec"><img alt="Québec is located in Quebec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Canada_Quebec_location_map_2.svg/250px-Canada_Quebec_location_map_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Canada_Quebec_location_map_2.svg/375px-Canada_Quebec_location_map_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Canada_Quebec_location_map_2.svg/500px-Canada_Quebec_location_map_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2316" data-file-height="2822" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:88.321%;left:39.967%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Québec"><img alt="Québec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Québec</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Quebec</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Quebec</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_location_map_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Québec is located in Canada"><img alt="Québec is located in Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Canada_location_map_2.svg/250px-Canada_location_map_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Canada_location_map_2.svg/375px-Canada_location_map_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Canada_location_map_2.svg/500px-Canada_location_map_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="942" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:80.992%;left:76.118%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Québec"><img alt="Québec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Québec</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Canada</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Canada</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Quebec_City&params=46_48_50_N_71_12_29_W_region:CA-QC_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°48′50″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°12′29″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.81389°N 71.20806°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.81389; -71.20806</span></span></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-cgndb_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cgndb-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-toponymie_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toponymie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Canada</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Region_(Quebec)" class="mw-redirect" title="Region (Quebec)">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Capitale-Nationale" title="Capitale-Nationale">Capitale-Nationale</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Metropolitan community</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_m%C3%A9tropolitaine_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Communauté métropolitaine de Québec">Communauté métropolitaine de Québec</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban agglomeration">Agglomeration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Agglomeration_of_Quebec_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Agglomeration of Quebec City">Agglomeration of Quebec City</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec" title="History of Quebec">Historic countries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First settled</th><td class="infobox-data">11 October 1535, <br />by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier">Jacques Cartier</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">3 July 1608, <br />by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain" title="Samuel de Champlain">Samuel de Champlain</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituted</th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 2002</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated</th><td class="infobox-data">1832<sup id="cite_ref-incor_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-incor-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Boroughs</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Beauport,_Quebec_City" title="Beauport, Quebec City">Beauport</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Charlesbourg,_Quebec_City" title="Charlesbourg, Quebec City">Charlesbourg</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/La_Cit%C3%A9-Limoilou" title="La Cité-Limoilou">La Cité-Limoilou</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/La_Haute-Saint-Charles,_Quebec_City" title="La Haute-Saint-Charles, Quebec City">La Haute-Saint-Charles</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Les_Rivi%C3%A8res,_Quebec_City" title="Les Rivières, Quebec City">Les Rivières</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Foy%E2%80%93Sillery%E2%80%93Cap-Rouge" title="Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge">Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-mamrot_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mamrot-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Quebec_City_Council" title="Quebec City Council">Quebec City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Marchand" title="Bruno Marchand">Bruno Marchand</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Current_members_of_the_Canadian_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="Current members of the Canadian House of Commons">MPs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List of MPs</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Deltell" title="Gérard Deltell">Gérard Deltell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">C</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Desbiens" title="Caroline Desbiens">Caroline Desbiens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">BQ</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Duclos" title="Jean-Yves Duclos">Jean-Yves Duclos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">L</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl_Godin" title="Joël Godin">Joël Godin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">C</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%ABl_Lightbound" title="Joël Lightbound">Joël Lightbound</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">L</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Paul-Hus" title="Pierre Paul-Hus">Pierre Paul-Hus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">C</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Julie_Vignola" title="Julie Vignola">Julie Vignola</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">BQ</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Quebec_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Quebec provincial electoral districts">MNAs</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jonatan_Julien" title="Jonatan Julien">Jonatan Julien</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coalition_Avenir_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Coalition Avenir Québec">C</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kariane_Bourassa" title="Kariane Bourassa">Kariane Bourassa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coalition_Avenir_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Coalition Avenir Québec">C</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Caire" title="Éric Caire">Éric Caire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coalition_Avenir_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Coalition Avenir Québec">C</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sol_Zanetti" title="Sol Zanetti">Sol Zanetti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_Solidaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Québec Solidaire">QS</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Guilbault" title="Geneviève Guilbault">Geneviève Guilbault</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coalition_Avenir_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Coalition Avenir Québec">C</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mario_Asselin" title="Mario Asselin">Mario Asselin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coalition_Avenir_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Coalition Avenir Québec">C</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Grandmont" title="Étienne Grandmont">Étienne Grandmont</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_Solidaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Québec Solidaire">QS</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%ABlle_Boutin" title="Joëlle Boutin">Joëlle Boutin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coalition_Avenir_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Coalition Avenir Québec">C</a>)</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_L%C3%A9vesque" title="Sylvain Lévesque">Sylvain Lévesque</a> (<a href="/wiki/Coalition_Avenir_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Coalition Avenir Québec">C</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-mamrot_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mamrot-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Quebec">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">452.30 km<sup>2</sup> (174.63 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">453.38 km<sup>2</sup> (175.05 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">442.85 km<sup>2</sup> (170.99 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-cp2011-CA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cp2011-CA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,499.46 km<sup>2</sup> (1,351.15 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">98 m (322 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Quebec">City</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">549,459 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_municipalities_in_Canada_by_population" title="List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population">12th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,214.8/km<sup>2</sup> (3,146/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">733,156 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_population_centres_in_Canada" title="List of the largest population centres in Canada">8th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,655.5/km<sup>2</sup> (4,288/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-auto_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">839,311 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_census_metropolitan_areas_and_agglomerations_in_Canada" title="List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada">7th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">239.8/km<sup>2</sup> (621/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Pop <small>2016–2021</small><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.1%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Québécois or Québécois de Québec (to distinguish residents of the city from those of the province)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC−04:00</a> (EDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_postal_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian postal code">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/List_of_postal_codes_of_Canada:_G" title="List of postal codes of Canada: G">G1A to G2N</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_418,_581,_and_367" title="Area codes 418, 581, and 367"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>418</li><li>581</li><li>367</li></ul></div></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a> (Québec <abbr title="Census metropolitan area">CMA</abbr>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA$</a>47.94 billion (2020)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GDP per capita (Québec <abbr title="Census metropolitan area">CMA</abbr>)</th><td class="infobox-data">CA$53,477 (2016)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ville.quebec.qc.ca/">www<wbr />.ville<wbr />.quebec<wbr />.qc<wbr />.ca</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Historic District of Old Quebec</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Cultural</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">iv, vi</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">1985 <small>(9th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">session</a>)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/300">300</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_North_America" title="List of World Heritage Sites in North America">Europe and North America</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Quebec City</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a2\/En-ca-Quebec.oga\/En-ca-Quebec.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-ca-Quebec.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/En-ca-Quebec.oga/En-ca-Quebec.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-ca-Quebec.oga" title="File:En-ca-Quebec.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-oedpron_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oedpron-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Ville de Québec</i>), officially known as <b>Québec</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[kebɛk]</a></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the capital city of the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Canadian province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. As of July 2021, the city had a population of 549,459,<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics_Canada_Census_2021_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics_Canada_Census_2021-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_m%C3%A9tropolitaine_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Communauté métropolitaine de Québec">metropolitan area</a> had a population of 839,311.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the twelfth<a href="/wiki/List_of_the_largest_municipalities_in_Canada_by_population" title="List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population">-largest city</a> and the seventh<a href="/wiki/List_of_census_metropolitan_areas_and_agglomerations_in_Canada" title="List of census metropolitan areas and agglomerations in Canada">-largest metropolitan area</a> in Canada. It is also the <a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Quebec" title="List of towns in Quebec">second-largest city</a> in the province, after <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>. It has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> with warm summers coupled with cold and snowy winters. </p><p>Explorer <a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain" title="Samuel de Champlain">Samuel de Champlain</a> founded a French settlement here in 1608, and adopted the Algonquin name. Quebec City is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_cities_by_year_of_foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of North American cities by year of foundation">oldest European settlements</a> in North America. The <a href="/wiki/Ramparts_of_Quebec_City" title="Ramparts of Quebec City">ramparts</a> surrounding <a href="/wiki/Old_Quebec" title="Old Quebec">Old Quebec</a> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Vieux-Québec</i></span>) are the only fortified <a href="/wiki/City_walls" class="mw-redirect" title="City walls">city walls</a> remaining in the Americas north of <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>. This area was declared a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> in 1985 as the "Historic District of Old Québec".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_and_usage">Name and usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name and usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Name_of_Quebec_City" title="Name of Quebec City">Name of Quebec City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec#Etymology" title="Quebec">Quebec § Etymology</a></div> <p>Common <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English-language</a> usage distinguishes the city from the province by referring to the former as Quebec City.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Government of Canada, the Government of Quebec, and the Geographical Names Board of Canada, the names of Canadian cities and towns have only one official form. Thus, Québec is officially spelled with an accented é in both <a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canadian English</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, province names can have different forms in English and French. As a result, in English, the federal government style distinguishes the city and province by spelling the city with an acute accent (Québec) and the province without one (Quebec). The government of Quebec spells both names "Québec", including when writing in English.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In French, the two are distinguished in that province names including Quebec generally take <a href="/wiki/Definite_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Definite article">definite articles</a>, while city names do not. As a result, the city is <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Québec</i></span> and the province is <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">le Québec</i></span>; "in Quebec City" is <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">à Québec</i></span> and "in the province of Quebec" is <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">au Québec</i></span>; and so forth.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Algonquian people">Algonquian people</a> had originally named the area <span title="Algonquin-language text"><i lang="alq">Kébec</i></span>, an <a href="/wiki/Algonquin_language" title="Algonquin language">Algonquin</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> word meaning "where the river narrows", because the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a> narrows proximate to the <a href="/wiki/Promontory_of_Quebec" title="Promontory of Quebec">promontory of Quebec</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Cap_Diamant" title="Cap Diamant">Cape Diamant</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec_City" title="History of Quebec City">History of Quebec City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_City_history" title="Timeline of Quebec City history">Timeline of Quebec City history</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French_regime_(1500s–1763)"><span id="French_regime_.281500s.E2.80.931763.29"></span>French regime (1500s–1763)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: French regime (1500s–1763)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quebec City is one of the oldest European settlements in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> and the only fortified city north of <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> whose walls still exist.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While many of the major cities in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> date from the 16th century, among cities in Canada and the United States, few were created earlier than Quebec City (<a href="/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. John's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harbour_Grace" title="Harbour Grace">Harbour Grace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_(Acadia)" title="Port-Royal (Acadia)">Port Royal</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe,_New_Mexico" title="Santa Fe, New Mexico">Santa Fe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tadoussac" title="Tadoussac">Tadoussac</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques_Cartier_rencontre_les_indiens_de_Stadacone,_1535.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jacques_Cartier_rencontre_les_indiens_de_Stadacone%2C_1535.jpg/220px-Jacques_Cartier_rencontre_les_indiens_de_Stadacone%2C_1535.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jacques_Cartier_rencontre_les_indiens_de_Stadacone%2C_1535.jpg/330px-Jacques_Cartier_rencontre_les_indiens_de_Stadacone%2C_1535.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jacques_Cartier_rencontre_les_indiens_de_Stadacone%2C_1535.jpg/440px-Jacques_Cartier_rencontre_les_indiens_de_Stadacone%2C_1535.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="321" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier">Jacques Cartier</a>'s meeting with the indigenous people of <a href="/wiki/Stadacona" title="Stadacona">Stadacona</a> in 1535</figcaption></figure> <p>It is home to the earliest known French settlement in North America, <a href="/wiki/Charlesbourg-Royal" title="Charlesbourg-Royal">Fort Charlesbourg-Royal</a>, established in 1541 by explorer <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier">Jacques Cartier</a> with some 400 persons but abandoned less than a year later due to the harsh winter and resistance of indigenous inhabitants to colonial incursion on their land.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fort was at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_du_Cap_Rouge" title="Rivière du Cap Rouge">Rivière du Cap Rouge</a>, in the suburban former <a href="/wiki/Cap-Rouge,_Quebec_City" title="Cap-Rouge, Quebec City">town of Cap-Rouge</a> (which merged into Quebec City in 2002). </p><p>Quebec was founded by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain" title="Samuel de Champlain">Samuel de Champlain</a>, a French explorer and diplomat, on 3 July 1608,<sup id="cite_ref-WDL1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WDL1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at the site of a long abandoned <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_language" title="Laurentian language">St. Lawrence Iroquoian</a> settlement called <a href="/wiki/Stadacona" title="Stadacona">Stadacona</a>. Champlain, who came to be called "The Father of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>", served as its administrator for the rest of his life. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Name_of_Canada" title="Name of Canada">name "Canada"</a> was given to the colony that developed around the settlement at Quebec. Although the <a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadian</a> settlement at <a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_(Acadia)" title="Port-Royal (Acadia)">Port-Royal</a> was established three years earlier, Quebec came to be known as the cradle of North America's <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">Francophone</a> population. The location seemed favourable to the establishment of a permanent colony. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaque_des_premiers_colons_de_Quebec.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Plaque_des_premiers_colons_de_Quebec.jpg/220px-Plaque_des_premiers_colons_de_Quebec.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Plaque_des_premiers_colons_de_Quebec.jpg/330px-Plaque_des_premiers_colons_de_Quebec.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Plaque_des_premiers_colons_de_Quebec.jpg/440px-Plaque_des_premiers_colons_de_Quebec.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="4749" /></a><figcaption>Plaque honouring the first settlers of Québec City. (affixed to back of monument to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guillaume_Couillard_(settler)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guillaume Couillard (settler) (page does not exist)">Guillaume Couillard</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Couillard" class="extiw" title="fr:Guillaume Couillard">fr</a>]</span>, which accompanies those to <a href="/wiki/Louis_H%C3%A9bert" title="Louis Hébert">Louis Hébert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marie_Rollet" title="Marie Rollet">Marie Rollet</a>). <a href="/wiki/Parc_Montmorency" title="Parc Montmorency">Parc Montmorency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Québec City">Québec City</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The population of the settlement remained small for decades. In 1629 it was <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Quebec" title="Surrender of Quebec">captured by English privateers</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/David_Kirke" title="David Kirke">David Kirke</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_War_(1627%E2%80%931629)" title="Anglo-French War (1627–1629)">Anglo-French War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kirkbio_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirkbio-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Samuel de Champlain argued that the English seizing of French lands was illegal as the war had already ended, and worked to have them returned to France. As part of the ongoing negotiations following the end of the Anglo-French War, in 1632 the English king <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a> agreed to return captured lands in exchange for <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">Louis XIII</a> paying his wife's <a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kirkbio_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirkbio-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These terms were signed into law with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1632)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1632)">Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a>. The colonies of <a href="/wiki/Canada_(New_France)" title="Canada (New France)">Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a> were returned to the French <a href="/wiki/Company_of_One_Hundred_Associates" title="Company of One Hundred Associates">Company of One Hundred Associates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kirkbio_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirkbio-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1665, there were 550 people in 70 houses living in the city. One-quarter of the people were members of religious orders: secular priests, Jesuits, Ursulines nuns and the order running the local hospital, Hôtel-Dieu.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Quebec was the headquarters of many raids against <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> during the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_Wars" title="French and Indian Wars">French and Indian Wars</a>. In 1690 the city <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quebec_(1690)" title="Battle of Quebec (1690)">was attacked by the English</a>, but was successfully defended. In the last of the conflicts, the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>), Quebec was captured by the British in 1759, and held until the end of the war in 1763. In that time many battles and sieges took place: the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beauport" title="Battle of Beauport">Battle of Beauport</a>, a French victory (31 July 1759); the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Plains_of_Abraham" title="Battle of the Plains of Abraham">Battle of the Plains of Abraham</a>, in which British troops under General <a href="/wiki/James_Wolfe" title="James Wolfe">James Wolfe</a> defeated the French General <a href="/wiki/Louis-Joseph_de_Montcalm" title="Louis-Joseph de Montcalm">Louis-Joseph de Montcalm</a> on 13 September 1759, and shortly thereafter took the city after a short siege. A French counterattack saw a French victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sainte-Foy" title="Battle of Sainte-Foy">Battle of Sainte-Foy</a> (28 April 1760) but the subsequent second <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Quebec_(1760)" title="Siege of Quebec (1760)">Siege of Quebec</a> the following month however saw a final British victory.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PlainsOfAbraham2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/PlainsOfAbraham2007.jpg/220px-PlainsOfAbraham2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/PlainsOfAbraham2007.jpg/330px-PlainsOfAbraham2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/PlainsOfAbraham2007.jpg/440px-PlainsOfAbraham2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2610" data-file-height="1683" /></a><figcaption>After a campaign of three months British forces captured Quebec City after the Battle of the Plains of Abraham.</figcaption></figure> <p>France ceded <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>, including the city, to Britain in 1763,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> officially ended. </p><p>At the end of French rule, Quebec was a town of 8,000 inhabitants, surrounded by forests, villages, fields and pastures. The town was distinguished by its monumental architecture, fortifications, and affluent homes of masonry and shacks in the suburbs of Saint-Jean and Saint-Roch. Despite its urbanity and its status as capital, Quebec remained a small city with close ties to its rural surroundings. Nearby inhabitants traded their farm surpluses and firewood for imported goods from France at the two city markets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_and_Canadian_rule_(1763–present)"><span id="British_and_Canadian_rule_.281763.E2.80.93present.29"></span>British and Canadian rule (1763–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: British and Canadian rule (1763–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Quebec_City" title="Special:EditPage/Quebec City">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_militiamen_and_British_soldiers_repulse_the_American_assault_at_Sault-au-Matelot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Canadian_militiamen_and_British_soldiers_repulse_the_American_assault_at_Sault-au-Matelot.jpg/220px-Canadian_militiamen_and_British_soldiers_repulse_the_American_assault_at_Sault-au-Matelot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Canadian_militiamen_and_British_soldiers_repulse_the_American_assault_at_Sault-au-Matelot.jpg/330px-Canadian_militiamen_and_British_soldiers_repulse_the_American_assault_at_Sault-au-Matelot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Canadian_militiamen_and_British_soldiers_repulse_the_American_assault_at_Sault-au-Matelot.jpg/440px-Canadian_militiamen_and_British_soldiers_repulse_the_American_assault_at_Sault-au-Matelot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>British regulars and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_militia" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian militia">Canadian militia</a> engage the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> in the streets of the city. The Americans' failure to take Quebec in 1775 led to the end of their <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Invasion of Quebec (1775)">campaign in Canada.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, revolutionary troops from the southern colonies <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Battle of Quebec (1775)">assaulted the British garrison in the city</a> in the hope that the peoples of Quebec would rise and join the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> so that Canada would join the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a>, along with the other British colonies of continental North America. The American invasion failed, however, and the war resulted in a permanent split of British North America into two entitles: the newly independent <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a>, and those colonies (including Quebec) that remained under British control, which would later become the country of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. </p><p>The city itself was not attacked during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, when the United States again attempted to annex Canadian lands. Amid fears of another American attack on Quebec City, construction of the <a href="/wiki/Citadelle_of_Quebec" title="Citadelle of Quebec">Citadelle of Quebec</a> began in 1820. The Americans did not attack Canada after the War of 1812, but the Citadelle continued to house a large British garrison until 1871. It is still in use by the military and is also a tourist attraction. </p><p>Until the late 18th century Québec was the most populous city in present-day Canada. As of the census of 1790, Montreal surpassed it with 18,000 inhabitants, but Quebec, which had about 14,000 of population at that time, remained the administrative capital of the former New France.<sup id="cite_ref-Cartier_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cartier-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was then made the capital of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada" title="Lower Canada">Lower Canada</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Act_of_1791" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Act of 1791">Constitutional Act of 1791</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1841 to 1867, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canada" title="Province of Canada">Province of Canada</a> rotated between <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> and Quebec City (from 1851 to 1855 and from 1859 to 1865).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loading_ship_with_square_timber_through_the_bow_port_Quebec_City_QC_1872.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Loading_ship_with_square_timber_through_the_bow_port_Quebec_City_QC_1872.jpg/220px-Loading_ship_with_square_timber_through_the_bow_port_Quebec_City_QC_1872.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Loading_ship_with_square_timber_through_the_bow_port_Quebec_City_QC_1872.jpg/330px-Loading_ship_with_square_timber_through_the_bow_port_Quebec_City_QC_1872.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Loading_ship_with_square_timber_through_the_bow_port_Quebec_City_QC_1872.jpg/440px-Loading_ship_with_square_timber_through_the_bow_port_Quebec_City_QC_1872.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="751" /></a><figcaption>Square timber being loaded on a sail ship at the port of Québec in 1872</figcaption></figure> <p>The city experienced an economic golden age in the 1800s, due to its favorable location on the Saint Lawrence River which gave rise to industries of wooden <a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">sailing</a> ships manufacture, export of squared <a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">timber logs</a>. to Europe, as wall as associated enterprises such as <a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">sawmills</a>. However, by the 1870s, Québec City entered a period of economic decline. Contributing factors included the rise of steel-hulled <a href="/wiki/Steamship" title="Steamship">steamships,</a> the expansion of railroads at the expense of waterways for continental commerce; the depletion of forest resources near major rivers upstream of Québec City and in the west of the province, which were transported to <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Quebec" title="Port of Quebec">Québec's port</a> by <a href="/wiki/Log_driving" title="Log driving">log driving</a>; the construction of <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Seaway" title="St. Lawrence Seaway">locks on the Saint Lawrence Seaway</a>, opening up trade routes to the U.S. from Montreal; and the city's inability to retain immigrant populations.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This unfavourable context, coupled with the departure of the British army from the city's Citadel in 1871, contributed to the exodus of English speaking populations, such as local bourgeoisie of Scottish origin or workers of Irish background, to Montreal in the second half of the 19th century. Anglophones made up approximately 40% of the city's population in 1861, but 16% in 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_of_Canada" title="Royal Military College of Canada">Royal Military College of Canada</a> was established in 1876, the only French-speaking officer training school was the Quebec City School of Military Instruction, founded in 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The school was retained at Confederation, in 1867. In 1868, The School of Artillery was formed in Montreal.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Quebec_Conference,_Canada,_August_1943_TR1347.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/The_Quebec_Conference%2C_Canada%2C_August_1943_TR1347.jpg/220px-The_Quebec_Conference%2C_Canada%2C_August_1943_TR1347.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/The_Quebec_Conference%2C_Canada%2C_August_1943_TR1347.jpg/330px-The_Quebec_Conference%2C_Canada%2C_August_1943_TR1347.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/The_Quebec_Conference%2C_Canada%2C_August_1943_TR1347.jpg/440px-The_Quebec_Conference%2C_Canada%2C_August_1943_TR1347.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4683" data-file-height="3688" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">Mackenzie King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cambridge,_1st_Earl_of_Athlone" title="Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone">Earl of Athlone</a> (left to right) at the <a href="/wiki/First_Quebec_Conference" title="First Quebec Conference">First Quebec Conference</a>, a secret military conference held in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Conference,_1864" title="Quebec Conference, 1864">Quebec Conference</a> on <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Confederation" title="Canadian Confederation">Canadian Confederation</a> was held in the city in 1864. In 1867, <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> chose Ottawa as the definite capital of the Dominion of Canada, while Quebec City was confirmed as the capital of the newly created province of Quebec. </p><p>During World War II, two conferences were held in Quebec City. The <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Conference,_1943" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec Conference, 1943">First Quebec Conference</a> was held in 1943 with <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> (President of the United States), <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (Prime Minister of the United Kingdom), <a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a> (Prime Minister of Canada) and <a href="/wiki/T._V._Soong" title="T. V. Soong">T. V. Soong</a> (minister of foreign affairs of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">China</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Second_Quebec_Conference" title="Second Quebec Conference">Second Quebec Conference</a> was held in 1944 and was attended by Churchill and Roosevelt. They took place in the buildings of the Citadelle and at the nearby <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac" title="Château Frontenac">Château Frontenac</a>. A large part of the <a href="/wiki/D-Day" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Day">D-Day</a> landing plans were made during those meetings. </p><p>Until 2002, Quebec was a mostly urbanized city and its territory coterminous with today's borough of <a href="/wiki/La_Cit%C3%A9-Limoilou" title="La Cité-Limoilou">La Cité-Limoilou</a>. The Government of Quebec then mandated a <a href="/wiki/2000%E2%80%9306_municipal_reorganization_in_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="2000–06 municipal reorganization in Quebec">municipal reorganization in the province</a>, and many <a href="/wiki/Suburbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Suburbs">suburbs</a> of the north shore of the Saint-Lawrence were merged into Quebec City, taking the form of <a href="/wiki/Borough#Canada" title="Borough">boroughs</a>, thus constituting the boundary of present-day Québec City. In 2008 the city celebrated its <a href="/wiki/400th_anniversary_of_Quebec_City" title="400th anniversary of Quebec City">400th anniversary</a> and was gifted funds for festivities and construction projects by provincial and federal governments, as well as <a href="/wiki/Public_artwork" class="mw-redirect" title="Public artwork">public artwork</a> by various entities, including foreign countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qu%C3%A9bec_City_%E2%80%93_Boulevard_Champlain_-_Le_Fleuve_Saint-Lorent_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Qu%C3%A9bec_City_%E2%80%93_Boulevard_Champlain_-_Le_Fleuve_Saint-Lorent_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/220px-Qu%C3%A9bec_City_%E2%80%93_Boulevard_Champlain_-_Le_Fleuve_Saint-Lorent_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Qu%C3%A9bec_City_%E2%80%93_Boulevard_Champlain_-_Le_Fleuve_Saint-Lorent_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/330px-Qu%C3%A9bec_City_%E2%80%93_Boulevard_Champlain_-_Le_Fleuve_Saint-Lorent_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Qu%C3%A9bec_City_%E2%80%93_Boulevard_Champlain_-_Le_Fleuve_Saint-Lorent_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/440px-Qu%C3%A9bec_City_%E2%80%93_Boulevard_Champlain_-_Le_Fleuve_Saint-Lorent_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The Promontory of Quebec at the narrowing of the Saint Lawrence River and surrounded by the <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Mountains" title="Laurentian Mountains">Laurentian Mountains</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Quebec City was built on the north bank of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a>, where it narrows and meets the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Charles_River_(Quebec_City)" title="Saint-Charles River (Quebec City)">Saint-Charles River</a>. <a href="/wiki/Old_Quebec" title="Old Quebec">Old Quebec</a> is located on top and at the foot of <a href="/wiki/Cap_Diamant" title="Cap Diamant">Cap-Diamant</a>, which is on the eastern edge of a <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateau</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Promontory_of_Quebec" title="Promontory of Quebec">promontory of Quebec</a> (Quebec hill). Because of this topographic feature, the oldest and most urbanized borough of <a href="/wiki/La_Cit%C3%A9-Limoilou" title="La Cité-Limoilou">La Cité-Limoilou</a> can be divided into upper and lower town.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> North of the hill, the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_Lowlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence Lowlands">Saint Lawrence Lowlands</a> is flat and has rich, arable soil. Past this valley, the <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Mountains" title="Laurentian Mountains">Laurentian Mountains</a> lie to the north of the city but its <a href="/wiki/Foothills" title="Foothills">foothills</a> are within the municipal limits. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Plains_of_Abraham" title="Plains of Abraham">Plains of Abraham</a> are located on the southeastern extremity of the plateau, where <a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortifications of Quebec">high stone walls</a> were integrated during colonial days. On the northern foot of the promontory, the lower town neighbourhoods of <a href="/wiki/Saint-Roch,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Roch, Quebec City">Saint-Roch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint-Sauveur,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Sauveur, Quebec City">Saint-Sauveur</a>, traditionally working class,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are separated from uptown's <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Baptiste,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Quebec City">Saint-Jean-Baptiste</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Sacrement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Sacrement (page does not exist)">Saint-Sacrement</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sacrement_(quartier)" class="extiw" title="fr:Saint-Sacrement (quartier)">fr</a>]</span> by a woody area attested as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coteau_Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coteau Sainte-Geneviève (page does not exist)">Coteau Sainte-Geneviève</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coteau_Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve" class="extiw" title="fr:Coteau Sainte-Geneviève">fr</a>]</span>. </p><p>The area was affected by the <a href="/wiki/1925_Charlevoix%E2%80%93Kamouraska_earthquake" title="1925 Charlevoix–Kamouraska earthquake">1925 Charlevoix–Kamouraska earthquake</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Quebec#Administrative_Regions" title="List of regions of Quebec">administrative region</a> in which it is situated is officially referred to as <a href="/wiki/Capitale-Nationale" title="Capitale-Nationale">Capitale-Nationale</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the term "national capital" is used to refer to Quebec City itself at the provincial level.<sup id="cite_ref-CanLII_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CanLII-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Quebec_City" title="Climate of Quebec City">Climate of Quebec City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_after_a_freezing_rain_day_in_Quebec_city.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_after_a_freezing_rain_day_in_Quebec_city.jpg/220px-Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_after_a_freezing_rain_day_in_Quebec_city.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_after_a_freezing_rain_day_in_Quebec_city.jpg/330px-Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_after_a_freezing_rain_day_in_Quebec_city.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_after_a_freezing_rain_day_in_Quebec_city.jpg/440px-Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac_after_a_freezing_rain_day_in_Quebec_city.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10640" data-file-height="5118" /></a><figcaption>Winter scene at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac" title="Château Frontenac">Château Frontenac</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Quebec City is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Hemiboreal" title="Hemiboreal">hemiboreal</a> <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>Dfb</i>, <a href="/wiki/Trewartha_climate_classification" title="Trewartha climate classification">Trewartha</a> <i>Dcbc</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Peel_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peel-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quebec City experiences four distinct seasons. Summers are warm and occasionally hot, with periods of hotter temperatures which compounded with the high humidity, create a high heat index that belies the average high of 22–25 °C (72–77 °F) and lows of 11–13 °C (52–55 °F). Winters are cold, windy and snowy with average high temperatures −5 to −8 °C (23 to 18 °F) and lows −13 to −18 °C (9 to 0 °F). Spring and fall, although short, bring chilly to warm temperatures. Late heat waves as well as "<a href="/wiki/Indian_summer" title="Indian summer">Indian summers</a>" are a common occurrence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="more common than elsewhere? (March 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On average, Quebec City receives 1,190 millimetres (46.85 in) of precipitation, of which 899 millimetres (35.39 in) is rain and 303 millimetres (11.93 in) is the melt from 316 centimetres (124.4 in) of snowfall per annum.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city experiences around 1,916 hours of bright sunshine annually or 41.5% of possible sunshine, with summer being the sunniest, but also slightly the wettest season. During winter, snow generally stays on the ground from the end of November till mid-April. </p><p>The highest temperature ever recorded in Quebec City was 36.1 °C (97.0 °F) on 17 July 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-July_1953_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-July_1953-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coldest temperature ever recorded was −36.7 °C (−34.1 °F) on 10 January 1890 and 14 January 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-January_1890_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-January_1890-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-January_2015_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-January_2015-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Sainte-Foy, Quebec City (<a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_City_Jean_Lesage_International_Airport" title="Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport">Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Location_identifier#WMO_station_identifiers" title="Location identifier">WMO ID</a>: 71708; coordinates <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Quebec_City&params=46_48_N_71_23_W_type:airport_region:CA-QC&title=Qu%C3%A9bec+City+Jean+Lesage+International+Airport"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°48′N</span> <span class="longitude">71°23′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.800°N 71.383°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.800; -71.383</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span>; elevation: 74.4 m (244 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1875–present<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high <a href="/wiki/Humidex" title="Humidex">humidex</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9 </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.9 </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.3 </td> <td style="background: #DB0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.1 </td> <td style="background: #940000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49.2 </td> <td style="background: #930000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49.3 </td> <td style="background: #FF0900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.1 </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9 </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6 </td> <td style="background: #930000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">49.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1<br />(91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3<br />(82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.1<br />(19.2) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(32.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.3<br />(26.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.9<br />(10.6) </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.4<br />(13.3) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.5<br />(23.9) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5<br />(38.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.3<br />(18.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.7<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.7<br />(3.7) </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.3<br />(15.3) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4CA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3<br />(46.9) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.8<br />(25.2) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.4<br />(11.5) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−0.4<br />(31.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−36.7<br />(−34.1) </td> <td style="background: #2323FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−36.1<br />(−33.0) </td> <td style="background: #3636FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−32.6<br />(−26.7) </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.3<br />(−2.7) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8<br />(18.0) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.3<br />(29.7) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8<br />(23.4) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.0<br />(14.0) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.0<br />(−11.2) </td> <td style="background: #3232FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−33.4<br />(−28.1) </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−36.7<br />(−34.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low <a href="/wiki/Wind_chill" title="Wind chill">wind chill</a> </th> <td style="background: #0000D2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−51.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−52.4 </td> <td style="background: #0909FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−41.0 </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.0 </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.6 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.3 </td> <td style="background: #4040FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−30.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000E0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−48.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−52.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.7<br />(3.41) </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.7<br />(2.59) </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.7<br />(3.06) </td> <td style="background: #6DFF6D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94.4<br />(3.72) </td> <td style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.8<br />(3.61) </td> <td style="background: #4EFF4E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.7<br />(4.52) </td> <td style="background: #4EFF4E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118.7<br />(4.67) </td> <td style="background: #5DFF5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">108.7<br />(4.28) </td> <td style="background: #53FF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111.3<br />(4.38) </td> <td style="background: #52FF52; color:#000000;" class="notheme">115.8<br />(4.56) </td> <td style="background: #73FF73; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.9<br />(3.58) </td> <td style="background: #6FFF6F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.2<br />(3.79) </td> <td style="background: #6AFF6A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,172.6<br />(46.17) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #DAFFDA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.6<br />(0.97) </td> <td style="background: #E8FFE8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(0.54) </td> <td style="background: #D1FFD1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(1.19) </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.3<br />(2.81) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.7<br />(2.43) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7<br />(1.33) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">— </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.1<br />(27.2) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.3<br />(25.3) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50.3<br />(19.8) </td> <td style="background: #35FF35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(5.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #007300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(10.1) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.7<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">— </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.2 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #1E1EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.2 </td> <td style="background: #3737FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.0 </td> <td style="background: #5050FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.6 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.0 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.9 </td> <td style="background: #4141FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.9 </td> <td style="background: #1A1AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.5 </td> <td style="background: #4646FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">175.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.2 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">— </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.2 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #4040FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.4 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.2 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">— </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(at 1500 <abbr title="Local standard time">LST</abbr>)</span> </th> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.0 </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.5 </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.1 </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.5 </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.2 </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.9 </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.3 </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.1 </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.7 </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.4 </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.6 </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.1 </td> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">63.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #ACAC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.9 </td> <td style="background: #BCBC3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">121.2 </td> <td style="background: #C4C408; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152.0 </td> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">170.6 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">211.1 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">234.7 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">252.3 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232.0 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">163.0 </td> <td style="background: #B7B75A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">122.0 </td> <td style="background: #909090; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.6 </td> <td style="background: #959595; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.9 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,916.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5 </td> <td style="background: #F1F111; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.8 </td> <td style="background: #F0F00F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.3 </td> <td style="background: #F1F111; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.9 </td> <td style="background: #F7F71F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.3 </td> <td style="background: #FEFE31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.7 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.1 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7 </td> <td style="background: #F0F010; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Environment_and_Climate_Change_Canada" title="Environment and Climate Change Canada">Environment and Climate Change Canada</a><sup id="cite_ref-CCNSFQC1991_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCNSFQC1991-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (sun 1981–2010)<sup id="cite_ref-CCNSFQC1981_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CCNSFQC1981-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (extremes 1875–1959}<sup id="cite_ref-Quebec_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quebec-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Weather Atlas (UV index)<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boroughs_and_neighbourhoods">Boroughs and neighbourhoods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Boroughs and neighbourhoods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Quebec_City" title="Special:EditPage/Quebec City">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quebec_Arrondissements.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Quebec_Arrondissements.svg/220px-Quebec_Arrondissements.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Quebec_Arrondissements.svg/330px-Quebec_Arrondissements.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Quebec_Arrondissements.svg/440px-Quebec_Arrondissements.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1133" data-file-height="1091" /></a><figcaption>Map of the six boroughs that make up Quebec City</figcaption></figure> <p>On 1 January 2002, the 12 former towns of <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Foy,_Quebec_City" title="Sainte-Foy, Quebec City">Sainte-Foy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beauport,_Quebec_City" title="Beauport, Quebec City">Beauport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlesbourg,_Quebec_City" title="Charlesbourg, Quebec City">Charlesbourg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sillery,_Quebec_City" title="Sillery, Quebec City">Sillery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loretteville,_Quebec_City" title="Loretteville, Quebec City">Loretteville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val-B%C3%A9lair,_Quebec_City" title="Val-Bélair, Quebec City">Val-Bélair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cap-Rouge,_Quebec_City" title="Cap-Rouge, Quebec City">Cap-Rouge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89mile,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Émile, Quebec City">Saint-Émile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanier,_Quebec_City" title="Vanier, Quebec City">Vanier</a>, <a href="/wiki/L%27Ancienne-Lorette,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Ancienne-Lorette, Quebec">L'Ancienne-Lorette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures" title="Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures">Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lac-Saint-Charles,_Quebec_City" title="Lac-Saint-Charles, Quebec City">Lac-Saint-Charles</a> were annexed by Quebec City. This was one of several <a href="/wiki/Municipal_reorganization_in_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal reorganization in Quebec">municipal mergers</a> which took place across Quebec on that date. Following a demerger referendum, L'Ancienne-Lorette and Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures were reconstituted as separate municipalities on 1 January 2006, but the other former municipalities remain part of Quebec City. On 1 November 2009, Quebec City re-organized its boroughs, reducing the number from 8 to 6.<sup id="cite_ref-nouveauDécoupage_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nouveauDécoupage-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quebec City's six <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">boroughs</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">arrondissements</i>) are further divided into 35 neighbourhoods (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">quartiers</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-carte10jan2011_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carte10jan2011-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In most cases, the name of the latter remained the same as the historical <a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Quebec" title="List of towns in Quebec">town</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">ville</i>) or <a href="/wiki/Types_of_municipalities_in_Quebec#Local_municipalities" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of municipalities in Quebec">parish municipality</a> it replaced. Neighbourhoods each elect their own council, whose powers rest in <a href="/wiki/Public_consultation" title="Public consultation">public consultations</a>. </p><p>Compared to many other cities in North America, there is less variation between average household incomes between the neighbourhoods. However, some disparities exist. The southwest former cities of <a href="/wiki/Sillery,_Quebec_City" title="Sillery, Quebec City">Sillery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cap-Rouge,_Quebec_City" title="Cap-Rouge, Quebec City">Cap-Rouge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Foy,_Quebec_City" title="Sainte-Foy, Quebec City">Sainte-Foy</a> are considered to be the wealthiest, along with some parts of Montcalm and Old Quebec.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The city's traditional working-class areas are found in the lower town below Old Quebec (Saint-Sauveur and Saint-Roch) and directly across the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Charles_River_(Quebec_City)" title="Saint-Charles River (Quebec City)">Saint-Charles River</a> to the north (Vanier and Limoilou). However, parts of Limoilou, Saint-Sauveur and particularly Saint-Roch have seen <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrification</a> in the last 20 years, attracting young professionals and the construction of new offices and condos.<sup id="cite_ref-cbd_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbd-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qu%C3%A9bec_City_-_Saint_Louis_-_panoramio_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Qu%C3%A9bec_City_-_Saint_Louis_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Qu%C3%A9bec_City_-_Saint_Louis_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Qu%C3%A9bec_City_-_Saint_Louis_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Qu%C3%A9bec_City_-_Saint_Louis_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Qu%C3%A9bec_City_-_Saint_Louis_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Qu%C3%A9bec_City_-_Saint_Louis_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2376" /></a><figcaption>North-east aerial view from the Quebec Bridge area. The foreground shows the Sainte-Foy neighbourhood of Saint-Louis and the modern buildings of boulevard Laurier.</figcaption></figure> <p>Northern sections (Loretteville, Val-Bélair) and eastern sections (Beauport, Charlesbourg) are mostly a mix of middle-class residential suburbs with industrial pockets. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ccc;"> <td><i>Boroughs</i></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><i>Neighbourhoods</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 <a href="/wiki/La_Cit%C3%A9-Limoilou" title="La Cité-Limoilou">La Cité-Limoilou</a> </td> <td><i>La Cité</i>: 1-1 <a href="/wiki/Vieux-Qu%C3%A9bec%E2%80%93Cap-Blanc%E2%80%93colline_Parlementaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Vieux-Québec–Cap-Blanc–colline Parlementaire">Vieux-Québec–Cap-Blanc–colline Parlementaire</a> · 1-2 <a href="/wiki/Saint-Roch,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Roch, Quebec City">Saint-Roch</a> · 1-3 <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Baptiste,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Quebec City">Saint-Jean-Baptiste</a> · 1-4 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Montcalm,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montcalm, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Montcalm</a> · 1-5 <a href="/wiki/Saint-Sauveur,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Sauveur, Quebec City">Saint-Sauveur</a> · 1-6 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Sacrement,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Sacrement, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Saint-Sacrement</a> · <i>Limoilou</i>: 6-1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieux-Limoilou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vieux-Limoilou (page does not exist)">Vieux-Limoilou</a> · 6-2 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lairet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lairet (page does not exist)">Lairet</a> · 6-3 <a href="/wiki/Maizerets" title="Maizerets">Maizerets</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 <a href="/wiki/Les_Rivi%C3%A8res_(Quebec_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Rivières (Quebec City)">Les Rivières</a> </td> <td>2-1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neufch%C3%A2tel-Est%E2%80%93Lebourgneuf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neufchâtel-Est–Lebourgneuf (page does not exist)">Neufchâtel-Est–Lebourgneuf</a> · 2-2 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duberger-Les_Saules&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duberger-Les Saules (page does not exist)">Duberger-Les Saules</a> · 2-3 <a href="/wiki/Vanier,_Quebec_City" title="Vanier, Quebec City">Vanier</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Foy%E2%80%93Sillery%E2%80%93Cap-Rouge" title="Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge">Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge</a> </td> <td>3-1 <a href="/wiki/Sillery,_Quebec_City" title="Sillery, Quebec City">Sillery</a> · 3-2 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cit%C3%A9_universitaire,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cité universitaire, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Cité universitaire</a> · 3-3 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Louis,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Louis, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Saint-Louis</a> · 3-4 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plateau, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Plateau</a> · 3-5 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pointe-de-Ste-Foy,_Quebec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pointe-de-Ste-Foy, Quebec (page does not exist)">Pointe-de-Ste-Foy</a> 8-2 · <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27A%C3%A9roport,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Aéroport, Quebec City (page does not exist)">L'Aéroport</a> · 8-3 <a href="/wiki/Cap-Rouge,_Quebec_City" title="Cap-Rouge, Quebec City">Cap-Rouge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 <a href="/wiki/Charlesbourg,_Quebec_City" title="Charlesbourg, Quebec City">Charlesbourg</a> </td> <td>4-1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame-des-Laurentides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notre-Dame-des-Laurentides (page does not exist)">Notre-Dame-des-Laurentides</a> · 4-2 Quartier 4-2 · 4-3 Quartier 4-3 · 4-4 <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A9suites,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jésuites, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Jésuites, Quebec City</a> · 4-5 Quartier 4-5 · 4-6 Quartier 4–6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 <a href="/wiki/Beauport,_Quebec_City" title="Beauport, Quebec City">Beauport</a> </td> <td>5-1 Quartier 5-1 · 5-2 Quartier 5-2 · 5-3 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chutes-Montmorency,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chutes-Montmorency, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Chutes-Montmorency</a> · 5-4 Quartier 5-4 · 5-5 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieux-Moulin,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vieux-Moulin, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Vieux-Moulin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 <a href="/wiki/La_Haute-Saint-Charles" class="mw-redirect" title="La Haute-Saint-Charles">La Haute-Saint-Charles</a> </td> <td>7-1 <a href="/wiki/Lac-Saint-Charles,_Quebec_City" title="Lac-Saint-Charles, Quebec City">Lac-Saint-Charles</a> · 7-2 <a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89mile,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Émile, Quebec City">Saint-Émile</a> · 7-3 <a href="/wiki/Loretteville,_Quebec_City" title="Loretteville, Quebec City">Loretteville</a> · 7-4 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Ch%C3%A2tels,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Des Châtels, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Des Châtels</a> · 8-1 <a href="/wiki/Val-B%C3%A9lair,_Quebec_City" title="Val-Bélair, Quebec City">Val-Bélair</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Quebec_City" title="Special:EditPage/Quebec City">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Quebec City<sup id="cite_ref-scpast_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scpast-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1665</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">547</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1667</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">444</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−18.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1681</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,345</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+202.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1685</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,205</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−10.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1688</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,407</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+16.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1692</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,570</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1695</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,549</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1698</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,988</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+28.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1706</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,771</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−10.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1739</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">4,603</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+159.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1754</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,001</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+73.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1765</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,967</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1790</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">14,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+56.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1825</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">22,101</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+57.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1851</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">42,052</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+90.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">51,109</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">59,699</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">62,446</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891<sup>a</sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">63,090</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">68,940</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+9.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/Canada_1911_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 1911 Census">1911</a><sup>b</sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">78,118</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921<sup>c</sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">95,193</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">130,594</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+37.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">150,757</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">164,016</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+8.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1956</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">170,703</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">171,979</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1966</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">166,984</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971<sup>d</sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">186,088</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1976<sup>e</sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">177,082</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−4.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">165,968</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−6.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1986</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">164,580</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">167,517</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1996</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">167,264</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">169,076</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2006<sup>f</sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">491,142</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+190.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">516,622</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2016</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">531,902</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">549,459</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.3%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b><sup>a</sup> Quebec City annexed the Village of Saint-Sauveur-de-Québec<br /><sup>b</sup>Quebec City annexed the Town of Limoilou and the Village of Saint-Malo<br /><sup>c</sup>Quebec City annexed the Town of Montcalm<br /><sup>d</sup>Quebec City annexed the Town of Duberger and the Town of Les Saules<br /><sup>e</sup>Quebec City annexed the Town of Neufchâtel and the Municipality of Charlesbourg-Ouest<br /><sup>f</sup>Quebec City annexed the cities of Beauport, Cap-Rouge, Charlesbourg, Lac-Saint-Charles, Loretteville, Saint-Émile, Sainte-Foy, Sillery, Val-Bélair and Vanier</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236656977"><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Quebec City (in its present city boundaries)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">76,593</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">80,249</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">80,546</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">88,615</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/Canada_1911_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 1911 Census">1911</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">102,214</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+15.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">122,698</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">168,249</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+37.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">199,588</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">245,742</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1956</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">279,521</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+13.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">321,917</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1966</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">372,373</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">408,440</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1976</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">429,757</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">434,980</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1986</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">440,598</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">461,894</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1996</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">473,569</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">476,330</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2006</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">491,142</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+3.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">516,622</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2016</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">531,902</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">549,459</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.3%</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 Census of Population</a> conducted by <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>, Québec had a population of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005549459000000000♠"></span>549,459</span> living in <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005265711000000000♠"></span>265,711</span> of its <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005283219000000000♠"></span>283,219</span> total private dwellings, a change of <span data-sort-value="7000330079601129531♠" style="display:none"></span>3.3% from its 2016 population of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7005531902000000000♠"></span>531,902</span>. With a land area of 452.3 km<sup>2</sup> (174.6 sq mi), it had a population density of <span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7003121481096617289♠"></span>1,214.8/km<sup>2</sup> (3,146.3/sq mi) in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-2021census_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021census-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Statistics Canada, there were 839,311 people residing in the Quebec City census metropolitan area.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, 20.6% of the resident population in Quebec City was of retirement age (65 and over for males and females) compared with 16.9% in Canada. The median age is 43.3 years of age compared to 41.2 years of age for Canada as a whole. In the five years between 2011 and 2016, the population of Quebec City grew by 3%.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 9.4% of Quebec City residents reported <a href="/wiki/Visible_minority" title="Visible minority">visible minority</a> status, a relatively low figure for a large Canadian city; the national average was 26.5%.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest visible minority group were <a href="/wiki/Black_Canadians" title="Black Canadians">Black Canadians</a>, who formed 4.1% of the population. Quebec City also had a lower percentage of Indigenous Canadians (1.8%) than the national average of 5.0%.<sup id="cite_ref-2021censusB_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021censusB-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible sortable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Panethnicity" title="Panethnicity">Panethnic</a> groups in Quebec City (2001−2021) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Panethnicity" title="Panethnicity">Panethnic</a><br />group </th> <th colspan="2">2021<sup id="cite_ref-2021censusB_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021censusB-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2016<sup id="cite_ref-2016census_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016census-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2011<sup id="cite_ref-2011census_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011census-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2006<sup id="cite_ref-2006census_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006census-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">2001<sup id="cite_ref-2001census_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2001census-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Canadians" title="European Canadians">European</a><sup id="cite_ref-euro_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euro-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>473,770 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001887974659819320♠" style="display:none"></span>88.8% </td> <td>475,720 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001921491525423728♠" style="display:none"></span>92.15% </td> <td>477,715 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001950496920980113♠" style="display:none"></span>95.05% </td> <td>465,115 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001963879016464785♠" style="display:none"></span>96.39% </td> <td>160,940 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001968031036660551♠" style="display:none"></span>96.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African-Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="African-Canadian">Black</a> </td> <td>21,955 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000411496794991940♠" style="display:none"></span>4.11% </td> <td>12,430 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000240774818401937♠" style="display:none"></span>2.41% </td> <td>5,760 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000114605199017101♠" style="display:none"></span>1.15% </td> <td>4,550 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999942917240879089♠" style="display:none"></span>0.94% </td> <td>1,335 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999802983368921235♠" style="display:none"></span>0.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_Canadians" title="Middle Eastern Canadians">Middle Eastern</a><sup id="cite_ref-MiddleEastern_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MiddleEastern-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>10,510 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000196986167859954♠" style="display:none"></span>1.97% </td> <td>6,850 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000132687651331719♠" style="display:none"></span>1.33% </td> <td>4,045 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999804822968791969♠" style="display:none"></span>0.8% </td> <td>2,980 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999617558984136194♠" style="display:none"></span>0.62% </td> <td>370 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999222549697753451♠" style="display:none"></span>0.22% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous</a> </td> <td>9,395 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000176088015893841♠" style="display:none"></span>1.76% </td> <td>7,290 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000141210653753026♠" style="display:none"></span>1.41% </td> <td>4,635 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999922213710840736♠" style="display:none"></span>0.92% </td> <td>3,140 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999650716513485788♠" style="display:none"></span>0.65% </td> <td>1,055 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999634567381432137♠" style="display:none"></span>0.63% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Canadians" title="Latin American Canadians">Latin American</a> </td> <td>8,585 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000160906398770476♠" style="display:none"></span>1.61% </td> <td>6,675 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000129297820823244♠" style="display:none"></span>1.29% </td> <td>5,085 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000101174902257284♠" style="display:none"></span>1.01% </td> <td>2,725 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999564714171735278♠" style="display:none"></span>0.56% </td> <td>1,095 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999658626808216294♠" style="display:none"></span>0.66% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asian</a><sup id="cite_ref-SoutheastAsian_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SoutheastAsian-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3,275 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999613824642950856♠" style="display:none"></span>0.61% </td> <td>2,590 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999501694915254237♠" style="display:none"></span>0.5% </td> <td>1,855 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999369084451695699♠" style="display:none"></span>0.37% </td> <td>1,470 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999304634800899398♠" style="display:none"></span>0.3% </td> <td>820 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999493218249075215♠" style="display:none"></span>0.49% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Canadians" title="East Asian Canadians">East Asian</a><sup id="cite_ref-EastAsian_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EastAsian-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,970 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999556659294523372♠" style="display:none"></span>0.56% </td> <td>2,565 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999496852300242130♠" style="display:none"></span>0.5% </td> <td>2,080 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999413852107561754♠" style="display:none"></span>0.41% </td> <td>1,730 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999358515786092488♠" style="display:none"></span>0.36% </td> <td>420 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999252623981233647♠" style="display:none"></span>0.25% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Canadians" title="South Asian Canadians">South Asian</a> </td> <td>1,610 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999301758068748360♠" style="display:none"></span>0.3% </td> <td>1,390 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999269249394673123♠" style="display:none"></span>0.27% </td> <td>855 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999170117092291009♠" style="display:none"></span>0.17% </td> <td>425 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998880746873348599♠" style="display:none"></span>0.09% </td> <td>120 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998721782803524706♠" style="display:none"></span>0.07% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other/<a href="/wiki/Multiracial_people" title="Multiracial people">Multiracial</a><sup id="cite_ref-Other_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Other-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1,465 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999274581099823818♠" style="display:none"></span>0.27% </td> <td>730 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999141404358353510♠" style="display:none"></span>0.14% </td> <td>570 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6999113411394860673♠" style="display:none"></span>0.11% </td> <td>405 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998839299961661606♠" style="display:none"></span>0.08% </td> <td>110 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998661634236564313♠" style="display:none"></span>0.07% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total responses </th> <th>533,540 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001971027865591427♠" style="display:none"></span>97.1% </th> <th>516,250 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001970573526702287♠" style="display:none"></span>97.06% </th> <th>502,595 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001972848620461381♠" style="display:none"></span>97.28% </th> <th>482,545 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001982495897316865♠" style="display:none"></span>98.25% </th> <th>166,255 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7001983315195533369♠" style="display:none"></span>98.33% </th></tr> <tr> <th>Total population </th> <th>549,459 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>531,902 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>516,622 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>491,142 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>169,076 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="15"><span style="font-size:85%;">Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-euro-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-euro_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MiddleEastern-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MiddleEastern_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SoutheastAsian-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SoutheastAsian_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EastAsian-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EastAsian_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Other-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Other_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, <abbr title="not included elsewhere">n.i.e.</abbr>" and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Immigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 census</a> reported that <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Canada" title="Immigration to Canada">immigrants</a> (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 45,230 persons or 8.5% of the total population of Quebec City. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were France (7,360 persons or 16.3%), Colombia (2,865 persons or 6.3%), Morocco (2,715 persons or 6.0%), Ivory Coast (2,500 persons or 5.5%), Cameroon (2,225 persons or 4.9%), Algeria (1,920 persons or 4.2%), Tunisia (1,795 persons or 4.0%), Democratic Republic of the Congo (1,315 persons or 1,315%), Haiti (1,120 persons or 2.5%), and Brazil (1,115 persons or 2.5%).<sup id="cite_ref-2021censusB_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021censusB-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The great majority of city residents are native French speakers. The English-speaking community peaked in relative terms during the 1860s, when 40% of Quebec City's residents were <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">Anglophone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, native Anglophones make up only about 1.5% of the population of both the city and its metropolitan area.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the summer tourist season and the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Winter_Carnival" title="Quebec Winter Carnival">Quebec Winter Carnival</a> attract significant numbers of Anglophone (as well as <a href="/wiki/Francophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Francophone">Francophone</a>) visitors, and English can often be heard in areas frequented by tourists. </p><p>In 2021, according to Statistics Canada, 90.6% of Quebec City's population spoke French as their sole mother tongue. More than a third of city residents reported being capable of speaking both French and English. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Canada Census Mother Tongue – Quebec City, Quebec<sup id="cite_ref-scpast_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scpast-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Census<br />Year </th> <td> </td> <th rowspan="2">Total<br />Responses </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <th colspan="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">French</div> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <th colspan="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">English</div> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <th colspan="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">French & English</div> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <th colspan="3"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Other</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <th>Count </th> <th>Trend </th> <th>Pop. % </th> <td> </td> <th>Count </th> <th>Trend </th> <th>Pop. % </th> <td> </td> <th>Count </th> <th>Trend </th> <th>Pop. % </th> <td> </td> <th>Count </th> <th>Trend </th> <th>Pop. % </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2021</div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">542,435</div> </td> <td> </td> <td>491,515 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.6% </td> <td>90.6% </td> <td> </td> <td>7,685 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.9% </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td> </td> <td>4,530 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 73.2% </td> <td>0.8% </td> <td> </td> <td>33,255 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 26.1% </td> <td>6.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2016</div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">523,560</div> </td> <td> </td> <td>483,790 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.1% </td> <td>92.4% </td> <td> </td> <td>7,395 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.0% </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td> </td> <td>2,615 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13.0% </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td> </td> <td>26,370 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 33.3% </td> <td>5.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2011</div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">516,622</div> </td> <td> </td> <td>478,395 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.6% </td> <td>92.6% </td> <td> </td> <td>7,370 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.6% </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td> </td> <td>2,315 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 36.9% </td> <td>0.5% </td> <td> </td> <td>19,790 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9.9% </td> <td>3.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2006</div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">491,142</div> </td> <td> </td> <td>456,225 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.8% </td> <td>92.9% </td> <td> </td> <td>7,030 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.8% </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td> </td> <td>1,460 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 38.4% </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td> </td> <td>17,825 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 35.3% </td> <td>3.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2001</div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">471,962</div> </td> <td> </td> <td>447,840 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4% </td> <td>94.9% </td> <td> </td> <td>6,830 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 21.6% </td> <td>1.5% </td> <td> </td> <td>2,020 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.2% </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td> </td> <td>11,535 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14.8% </td> <td>2.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1996</div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">467,455</div> </td> <td> </td> <td>446,194 </td> <td>n/a </td> <td>95.5% </td> <td> </td> <td>8,309 </td> <td>n/a </td> <td>1.8% </td> <td> </td> <td>1,955 </td> <td>n/a </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td> </td> <td>9,830 </td> <td>n/a </td> <td>2.1% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 census</a>, religious groups in Quebec City included:<sup id="cite_ref-2021censusB_63-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021censusB-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Canada" title="Christianity in Canada">Christianity</a> (349,320 residents, or 65.5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Canada" title="Irreligion in Canada">Irreligion</a> (162,900; 30.5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Canada" title="Islam in Canada">Islam</a> (17,490; 3.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Canada" title="Buddhism in Canada">Buddhism</a> (1,565; 0.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Canada" title="Hinduism in Canada">Hinduism</a> (515; 0.1%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in Canada">Judaism</a> (305; 0.1%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythologies_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythologies of the indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous Spirituality</a> (75; <0.1%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Canada" title="Sikhism in Canada">Sikhism</a> (20; <0.1%)</li> <li>Other (1,355; 0.3%)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:H%C3%B4tel-Dieu_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/H%C3%B4tel-Dieu_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg/220px-H%C3%B4tel-Dieu_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/H%C3%B4tel-Dieu_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg/330px-H%C3%B4tel-Dieu_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/H%C3%B4tel-Dieu_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg/440px-H%C3%B4tel-Dieu_de_Qu%C3%A9bec.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel-Dieu_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Hôtel-Dieu de Québec">Hôtel-Dieu de Québec</a> is one of three hospitals operated by <a href="/wiki/Centre_hospitalier_universitaire_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec">CHUQ</a>, the largest employer in Quebec City.</figcaption></figure> <p>Most jobs in Quebec City are concentrated in public administration, defence, services, commerce, transport and tourism. As the provincial capital, the city benefits from being a regional administrative and services centre: apropos, the provincial government is the largest employer in the city, employing 27,900 people as of 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Centre_hospitalier_universitaire_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec">CHUQ (the local hospital network)</a> is the city's largest institutional employer, with more than 10,000 employees in 2007. The unemployment rate in June 2018 was 3.8%, below the national average (6.0%) and the second-lowest of Canada's 34 largest cities, behind <a href="/wiki/Peterborough,_Ontario" title="Peterborough, Ontario">Peterborough</a> (2.7%).<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 10% of jobs are in manufacturing.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Principal products include pulp and paper, processed food, metal/wood items, chemicals, electronics and electrical equipment, and printed materials. The city hosts the headquarters of a variety of prominent companies, including: fashion retailer <a href="/wiki/La_Maison_Simons" title="La Maison Simons">La Maison Simons</a>, engineering firms <a href="/wiki/BPR_(Quebec_firm)" title="BPR (Quebec firm)">BPR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Norda_Stelo" title="Norda Stelo">Norda Stelo</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cominar" title="Cominar">Cominar</a> real estate investment trust; <a href="/wiki/Beneva" title="Beneva">Beneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial Alliance">Industrial Alliance</a>, Promutuel, and Union Canadienne in the insurance sector; <a href="/wiki/Beenox" title="Beenox">Beenox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gearbox_Software" title="Gearbox Software">Gearbox Software</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frima_Studio" title="Frima Studio">Frima Studio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarbakan" title="Sarbakan">Sarbakan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ubisoft" title="Ubisoft">Ubisoft</a> in the computer games industry; AeternaZentaris and DiagnoCure in pharmaceuticals; Amalgame, Cossette and Vision 7 in marketing and advertising; <a href="/wiki/Institut_National_d%27Optique_(INO)" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut National d'Optique (INO)">Institut National d'Optique (INO)</a>, EXFO, OptoSecurity in technology. It is also the domicile of the sole manufactory of the cigarette maker <a href="/wiki/Rothmans,_Benson_%26_Hedges" title="Rothmans, Benson & Hedges">Rothmans, Benson & Hedges</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_districts">Business districts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Business districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_St-Valier_et_Dorchester_vu_de_l%27escalier_du_Faubourg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Coin_St-Valier_et_Dorchester_vu_de_l%27escalier_du_Faubourg.jpg/220px-Coin_St-Valier_et_Dorchester_vu_de_l%27escalier_du_Faubourg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Coin_St-Valier_et_Dorchester_vu_de_l%27escalier_du_Faubourg.jpg/330px-Coin_St-Valier_et_Dorchester_vu_de_l%27escalier_du_Faubourg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Coin_St-Valier_et_Dorchester_vu_de_l%27escalier_du_Faubourg.jpg/440px-Coin_St-Valier_et_Dorchester_vu_de_l%27escalier_du_Faubourg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Saint-Roch,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Roch, Quebec City">Saint-Roch</a>'s garden, lower town</figcaption></figure> <p>While the traditional <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">central business districts</a> and their large office buildings are found on <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Hill_(Quebec_City)" title="Parliament Hill (Quebec City)">Parliament Hill</a> (especially for provincial administration) and just below in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Roch,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Roch, Quebec City">Saint-Roch</a> (nowadays notable for <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a> and the video game industry), a newer one has emerged in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boulevard_Laurier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boulevard Laurier (page does not exist)">Boulevard Laurier</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/boulevard_Laurier" class="extiw" title="fr:boulevard Laurier">fr</a>]</span> area of <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Foy,_Quebec_City" title="Sainte-Foy, Quebec City">Sainte-Foy</a>, where a number of accounting and <a href="/wiki/Law_firm" title="Law firm">law firms</a> have moved since the 2000s. Other suburban places identified by the city for their potential are the Lebourgneuf area for private offices, as well as Estimauville Street where the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a> already has many civil servants and where several city officials are expected to move in the 2020s.<sup id="cite_ref-cbd_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbd-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts_and_culture">Arts and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Arts and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defile_du_Pere_Noel_Montreal_2011_-_040.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Defile_du_Pere_Noel_Montreal_2011_-_040.jpg/220px-Defile_du_Pere_Noel_Montreal_2011_-_040.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Defile_du_Pere_Noel_Montreal_2011_-_040.jpg/330px-Defile_du_Pere_Noel_Montreal_2011_-_040.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Defile_du_Pere_Noel_Montreal_2011_-_040.jpg/440px-Defile_du_Pere_Noel_Montreal_2011_-_040.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Quebec City's <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Winter_Carnival" title="Quebec Winter Carnival">Winter Carnival</a> is the world's largest winter festival.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_events_in_Quebec_City" title="List of events in Quebec City">List of events in Quebec City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Quebec_City" title="Media in Quebec City">Media in Quebec City</a></div> <p>Quebec City is known for its <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Winter_Carnival" title="Quebec Winter Carnival">Winter Carnival</a>, its <a href="/wiki/Festival_d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Festival d'été de Québec">summer music festival</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Fete_nationale_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" class="mw-redirect" title="Fete nationale du Québec">Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day</a> celebrations. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jardin_zoologique_du_Qu%C3%A9bec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jardin zoologique du Québec (page does not exist)">Jardin zoologique du Québec</a>, now closed, reopened in 2002 after extensive repairs before ultimately shutting permanently in 2006. It featured 750 specimens of 300 different species of animals. The zoo specialized in winged fauna and garden themes but also featured several species of mammals. While it emphasized Quebec's indigenous fauna, one of its main attractions was the Indo-Australian greenhouse, which initially cost $14 million to build.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It featured fauna and flora from regions surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Parc_Aquarium_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" class="mw-redirect" title="Parc Aquarium du Québec">Parc Aquarium du Québec</a>, which reopened in 2002 on a site overlooking the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a>, features more than 10,000 specimens of mammals, reptiles, fish and other aquatic <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Canada" title="Wildlife of Canada">fauna of North America</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a>. <a href="/wiki/Polar_bear" title="Polar bear">Polar bears</a> and various species of <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seals</a> of the Arctic sector and the "Large Ocean", a large basin offering visitors a view from underneath, make up part of the aquarium's main attractions. </p><p>Québec City has a number of historic sites, art galleries and museums, including <a href="/wiki/Citadelle_of_Quebec" title="Citadelle of Quebec">Citadelle of Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_national_des_beaux-arts_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec">Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ursulines_of_Quebec" title="Ursulines of Quebec">Ursulines of Quebec</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_civilisation" title="Musée de la civilisation">Musée de la civilisation</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parc_de_la_Chute-Montmorency_en_juin.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Parc_de_la_Chute-Montmorency_en_juin.JPG/220px-Parc_de_la_Chute-Montmorency_en_juin.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Parc_de_la_Chute-Montmorency_en_juin.JPG/330px-Parc_de_la_Chute-Montmorency_en_juin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Parc_de_la_Chute-Montmorency_en_juin.JPG/440px-Parc_de_la_Chute-Montmorency_en_juin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Montmorency_Falls" title="Montmorency Falls">Montmorency Falls</a> is a major waterfall in the city's east end.</figcaption></figure> <p>Other tourist attractions include <a href="/wiki/Montmorency_Falls" title="Montmorency Falls">Montmorency Falls</a>, and, just outside the city limits, the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupr%C3%A9" title="Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré">Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mont-Sainte-Anne" title="Mont-Sainte-Anne">Mont-Sainte-Anne</a> ski resort, and the <a href="/wiki/Ice_Hotel_(Qu%C3%A9bec)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice Hotel (Québec)">Ice Hotel</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attractions">Attractions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Given the mass of <a href="/wiki/Cap_Diamant" title="Cap Diamant">Cap Diamant</a> and the presence of <a href="/wiki/Citadelle_of_Quebec" title="Citadelle of Quebec">la Citadelle</a> atop it, overlooking the waters of the St. Lawrence River, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> described Quebec City as the "<a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Quebec_City" title="Architecture of Quebec City">Architecture of Quebec City</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rue_St_Jean.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Rue_St_Jean.jpg/220px-Rue_St_Jean.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Rue_St_Jean.jpg/330px-Rue_St_Jean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Rue_St_Jean.jpg/440px-Rue_St_Jean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ramparts_of_Quebec_City" title="Ramparts of Quebec City">St. Jean (St. John) Gate</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Much of the city's notable traditional architecture is located in <a href="/wiki/Vieux-Qu%C3%A9bec" class="mw-redirect" title="Vieux-Québec">Vieux-Québec</a> (Old Quebec), within and below the <a href="/wiki/Ramparts_of_Quebec_City" title="Ramparts of Quebec City">fortifications</a>. This area has a distinct European feel with its stone buildings and winding streets lined with shops and restaurants. Porte Saint-Louis and Porte Saint-Jean are the main gates through the walls from the modern section of downtown; the Kent Gate was a gift to the province from <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> and the foundation stone was laid by the Queen's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise,_Duchess_of_Argyll" title="Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll">Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lorne</a>, on 11 June 1879.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> West of the walls are the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Hill_(Quebec_City)" title="Parliament Hill (Quebec City)">Parliament Hill</a> area, and to the south the <a href="/wiki/Plains_of_Abraham" title="Plains of Abraham">Plains of Abraham</a>. </p><p>The upper and lower town are linked by numerous stairs such as the <i>Escalier « casse-cou »</i> ("breakneck stairway") or the <a href="/wiki/Old_Quebec_Funicular" title="Old Quebec Funicular">Old Quebec Funicular</a> on the historic <a href="/wiki/Rue_du_Petit-Champlain" title="Rue du Petit-Champlain">Rue du Petit-Champlain</a>, where many small boutiques are found. A small town square nearby, the Place Royale, now surrounded by picturesque stone buildings, is the site of <a href="/wiki/Champlain" class="mw-redirect" title="Champlain">Champlain</a>'s founding of the city in 1608. On it is the <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Victoires,_Quebec_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre-Dame-des-Victoires, Quebec City">Notre-Dame-des-Victoires</a> church. The <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_la_Civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée de la Civilisation">Musée de la Civilisation</a> is located nearby by the river. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chateau_Frontenac_in_Quebec_City_(3875826553).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Chateau_Frontenac_in_Quebec_City_%283875826553%29.jpg/220px-Chateau_Frontenac_in_Quebec_City_%283875826553%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Chateau_Frontenac_in_Quebec_City_%283875826553%29.jpg/330px-Chateau_Frontenac_in_Quebec_City_%283875826553%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Chateau_Frontenac_in_Quebec_City_%283875826553%29.jpg/440px-Chateau_Frontenac_in_Quebec_City_%283875826553%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3654" data-file-height="2740" /></a><figcaption>Chateau Frontenac in Quebec City</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quartier_Petit_Champlain_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Quartier_Petit_Champlain_001.jpg/220px-Quartier_Petit_Champlain_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Quartier_Petit_Champlain_001.jpg/330px-Quartier_Petit_Champlain_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Quartier_Petit_Champlain_001.jpg/440px-Quartier_Petit_Champlain_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Petit_Champlain" title="Petit Champlain">Petit Champlain</a>, containing the pictured <a href="/wiki/Rue_du_Petit-Champlain" title="Rue du Petit-Champlain">Rue du Petit-Champlain</a>, is claimed to be the oldest commercial district in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Diamant_Theatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Le_Diamant_Theatre.jpg/220px-Le_Diamant_Theatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Le_Diamant_Theatre.jpg/330px-Le_Diamant_Theatre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Le_Diamant_Theatre.jpg/440px-Le_Diamant_Theatre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Le_Diamant_Theatre" title="Le Diamant Theatre">Le Diamant Theatre</a> in Quebec City's Saint-Roch neighborhood</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vieew_of_Qu%C3%A9bec_from_L%C3%A9vis_city,_Qu%C3%A9bec_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Vieew_of_Qu%C3%A9bec_from_L%C3%A9vis_city%2C_Qu%C3%A9bec_11.jpg/220px-Vieew_of_Qu%C3%A9bec_from_L%C3%A9vis_city%2C_Qu%C3%A9bec_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Vieew_of_Qu%C3%A9bec_from_L%C3%A9vis_city%2C_Qu%C3%A9bec_11.jpg/330px-Vieew_of_Qu%C3%A9bec_from_L%C3%A9vis_city%2C_Qu%C3%A9bec_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Vieew_of_Qu%C3%A9bec_from_L%C3%A9vis_city%2C_Qu%C3%A9bec_11.jpg/440px-Vieew_of_Qu%C3%A9bec_from_L%C3%A9vis_city%2C_Qu%C3%A9bec_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Québec, photographed from Lévis</figcaption></figure> <p>Along with concrete high-rises such as <a href="/wiki/%C3%89difice_Marie-Guyart" title="Édifice Marie-Guyart">Édifice Marie-Guyart</a> and <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Le_Concorde" title="Hôtel Le Concorde">Le Concorde</a> on parliament hill (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Quebec_City" title="List of tallest buildings in Quebec City">List of tallest buildings in Quebec City</a>), the city's skyline is dominated by the massive <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_Frontenac" title="Château Frontenac">Château Frontenac</a> hotel, perched on top of Cap-Diamant. It was designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Price" title="Bruce Price">Bruce Price</a>, as one of a series of <a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_railway_hotels" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada's railway hotels">"château" style hotels</a> built for the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a> company. The railway company sought to encourage luxury tourism and bring wealthy travellers to its trains. Alongside the Château Frontenac is the <a href="/wiki/Terrasse_Dufferin" title="Terrasse Dufferin">Terrasse Dufferin</a>, a walkway along the edge of the cliff, offering views of the Saint Lawrence River. The terrace leads toward the nearby <a href="/wiki/Plains_of_Abraham" title="Plains of Abraham">Plains of Abraham</a>, site of the battle in which the British took Quebec from France, and the <a href="/wiki/Citadelle_of_Quebec" title="Citadelle of Quebec">Citadelle of Quebec</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Forces">Canadian Forces</a> installation and the <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">federal vice-regal secondary residence</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Building_(Quebec)" title="Parliament Building (Quebec)">Parliament Building</a>, the meeting place of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Quebec">Parliament of Quebec</a>, is also near the <a href="/wiki/Citadelle_of_Quebec" title="Citadelle of Quebec">Citadelle</a>. </p><p>Near the Château Frontenac is <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Qu%C3%A9bec_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre-Dame de Québec Cathedral">Notre-Dame de Québec Cathedral</a>, mother church of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Quebec" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec</a>. It is the first church in the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> to be raised to a <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a> and is the <a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">primatial</a> church of Canada. There are 37 <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Quebec_City" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Quebec City">National Historic Sites of Canada</a> in Quebec City and its enclaves.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks">Parks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most notable is <a href="/wiki/The_Battlefields_Park" title="The Battlefields Park">The Battlefields Park</a>, which is home to 50 historical artillery pieces and the <a href="/wiki/Plains_of_Abraham" title="Plains of Abraham">Plains of Abraham</a>. The park offers views of the St. Lawrence River and has multiple historical structures and statues like the <i><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> on Horseback</i> and a couple of <a href="/wiki/Martello_Towers" class="mw-redirect" title="Martello Towers">Martello Towers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ville.quebec.qc.ca_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ville.quebec.qc.ca-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically this was the site of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Plains_of_Abraham" title="Battle of the Plains of Abraham">Battle of the Plains of Abraham</a> (1759), a decisive British victory in the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> which ended French rule in what would become Canada, and the later <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Quebec_(1775)" title="Battle of Quebec (1775)">Battle of Quebec (1775)</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, where the British were able to hold onto its last stronghold in the Northern extent of its North American territory. </p><p>Other large and centrally located parks are <a href="/wiki/Parc_Victoria,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Parc Victoria, Quebec">Parc Victoria</a>, Parc <a href="/wiki/Maizerets" title="Maizerets">Maizerets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cartier-Br%C3%A9beuf_National_Historic_Site" title="Cartier-Brébeuf National Historic Site">Cartier-Brébeuf National Historic Site</a>. Quebec City's largest park is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parc_Chauveau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parc Chauveau (page does not exist)">Parc Chauveau</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parc_Chauveau" class="extiw" title="fr:Parc Chauveau">fr</a>]</span>, which is crossed by the suburban section of the city-wide <a href="/wiki/Saint-Charles_River_(Quebec_City)" title="Saint-Charles River (Quebec City)">Saint-Charles River</a> and is thus also part of the 31 km (19 mi) long Saint-Charles River's <a href="/wiki/Linear_park" title="Linear park">linear park</a>. At Chauveau, activities such as <a href="/wiki/Canoeing" title="Canoeing">canoeing</a>, fishing and <a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing" title="Cross-country skiing">cross-country skiing</a> are offered depending on the season, in addition to an interior soccer stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among others, there is also the beach of Beauport Bay, as well as the Marais du Nord (north-end <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marsh</a> land). </p><p>Quebec is the only large city in Canada along with <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a> lacking a public <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">greenhouse</a>. Nonetheless, outside areas known for their public <a href="/wiki/Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Gardens">gardens</a> or <a href="/wiki/Landscaping" title="Landscaping">landscaping</a> include:<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The linear park named <a href="/w/index.php?title=Promenade_Samuel-De_Champlain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Promenade Samuel-De Champlain (page does not exist)">Promenade Samuel-De Champlain</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promenade_Samuel-De_Champlain" class="extiw" title="fr:Promenade Samuel-De Champlain">fr</a>]</span> that stretches 4.6 km (2.9 mi) alongside the Saint Lawrence River, from <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laporte_Bridge" title="Pierre Laporte Bridge">Pierre Laporte Bridge</a> to Sillery's east-end. Its bicycle and pedestrian paths then continues to Old Quebec and then along the Saint-Charles River.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just like the beach at Beauport Bay, the construction of the <i>Promenade</i> was funded by provincial and federal governments to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/400th_anniversary_of_Quebec_City" title="400th anniversary of Quebec City">400th anniversary of Quebec City</a> in 2008.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Quebec)" title="Government House (Quebec)">Government House (Quebec)</a>, slightly west of the Plains of Abraham in <a href="/wiki/Sillery,_Quebec_City" title="Sillery, Quebec City">Sillery</a>, and known for its <a href="/wiki/Natural_landscaping" title="Natural landscaping">natural landscaping</a> as well as traditional gardens, such as those surrounding the historical <a href="/w/index.php?title=Villa_Bagatelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villa Bagatelle (page does not exist)">Villa Bagatelle</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa_Bagatelle" class="extiw" title="fr:Villa Bagatelle">fr</a>]</span>. The historical significance of the park also lies in the former presence of the viceregal <a href="/wiki/Government_House_(Quebec)" title="Government House (Quebec)">Government House of Quebec</a> (1845–1966).</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maizerets#Domaine_de_Maizerets" title="Maizerets">Domaine de Maizerets</a>, where are found an <a href="/wiki/Arboretum" title="Arboretum">arboretum</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Observation_tower" title="Observation tower">observation tower</a>, not far from the Saint Lawrence River and Beauport Bay.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Domaine_Cataraqui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Domaine Cataraqui (page does not exist)">Domaine Cataraqui</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domaine_Cataraqui" class="extiw" title="fr:Domaine Cataraqui">fr</a>]</span> in Sillery.</li> <li>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger-Van_den_Hende_Botanical_Garden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger-Van den Hende Botanical Garden (page does not exist)">Roger-Van den Hende Botanical Garden</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardin_universitaire_Roger-Van_den_Hende" class="extiw" title="fr:Jardin universitaire Roger-Van den Hende">fr</a>]</span> of <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Laval" title="Université Laval">Université Laval</a></span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quebec City has hosted a number of recent sporting events, as well as being shortlisted for the <a href="/wiki/Bids_for_the_2002_Winter_Olympics" title="Bids for the 2002 Winter Olympics">2002 Winter Olympics city selection</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Special_Olympics_Canada" title="Special Olympics Canada">Special Olympics Canada National Winter Games</a> was held in the city from 26 February to 1 March 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quebec City co-hosted with <a href="/wiki/Halifax_Regional_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Halifax Regional Municipality">Halifax</a>, Nova Scotia, the <a href="/wiki/2008_IIHF_World_Championship" title="2008 IIHF World Championship">2008 IIHF World Championship</a>. Regular sporting events held in the city include the <a href="/wiki/Tournoi_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Tournoi de Québec">Coupe Banque Nationale</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Tennis_Association" title="Women's Tennis Association">Women's Tennis Association</a> tournament; <a href="/wiki/Crashed_Ice" title="Crashed Ice">Crashed Ice</a>, an extreme downhill skating race; <a href="/wiki/Quebec_International_Pee-Wee_Hockey_Tournament" title="Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament">Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Minor_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor hockey">minor hockey</a> tournament; and the Tour de Québec International cycling stage race.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2011, Quebec City hosted the <a href="/wiki/ISU_Grand_Prix_of_Figure_Skating_Final" class="mw-redirect" title="ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final">ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final</a> at the Pavillon de la Jeunesse at ExpoCité. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stade_Municipal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Stade_Municipal.JPG/330px-Stade_Municipal.JPG" decoding="async" width="330" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Stade_Municipal.JPG/495px-Stade_Municipal.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Stade_Municipal.JPG/660px-Stade_Municipal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="7675" data-file-height="1549" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_Capitales" title="Québec Capitales">Québec Capitales</a> play their home games at <a href="/wiki/Stade_Canac" title="Stade Canac">Stade Canac</a>, a stadium primarily used for baseball.</figcaption></figure> <p>The city currently has one professional team, the baseball team <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Capitales" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec Capitales">Capitales de Québec</a>, which plays in the <a href="/wiki/Frontier_League" title="Frontier League">Frontier League</a> in downtown's <a href="/wiki/Stade_Canac" title="Stade Canac">Stade Canac</a>. The team was established in 1999 and originally played in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_League_(baseball,_1993%E2%80%932010)" title="Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010)">Northern League</a>. It has nine league titles, won in 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2017, 2022 and 2023. A professional basketball team, the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Kebs" title="Quebec Kebs">Quebec Kebs</a>, played in <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_League_of_Canada" title="National Basketball League of Canada">National Basketball League of Canada</a> in 2011 but folded before the 2012 season, and a semi-professional <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">soccer</a> team, the <a href="/wiki/Dynamo_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamo de Québec">Dynamo de Québec</a>, played in the <a href="/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_ligue_de_soccer_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" class="mw-redirect" title="Première ligue de soccer du Québec">Première ligue de soccer du Québec</a>, until 2019. </p><p>The city had a professional ice hockey team, the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Nordiques" title="Quebec Nordiques">Quebec Nordiques</a>, which played in the <a href="/wiki/World_Hockey_Association" title="World Hockey Association">World Hockey Association</a> (WHA) from 1972 to 1979 and the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL) from 1979 to 1995, maintaining a strong rivalry with the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a>. Due to a disadvantageous exchange rate with respect to the US dollar, the team moved to <a href="/wiki/Denver,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver, Colorado">Denver, Colorado</a>, in 1995, becoming the <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Avalanche" title="Colorado Avalanche">Colorado Avalanche</a>. A lower-tier team, the <a href="/wiki/Atlanta_Knights#Quebec_Rafales" title="Atlanta Knights">Quebec Rafales</a>, played in the professional <a href="/wiki/International_Hockey_League_(1945%E2%80%932001)" title="International Hockey League (1945–2001)">International Hockey League</a> from 1996 to 1998. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CentreVideotron-StephaneGroleau-0800.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CentreVideotron-StephaneGroleau-0800.jpg/220px-CentreVideotron-StephaneGroleau-0800.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CentreVideotron-StephaneGroleau-0800.jpg/330px-CentreVideotron-StephaneGroleau-0800.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CentreVideotron-StephaneGroleau-0800.jpg/440px-CentreVideotron-StephaneGroleau-0800.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Videotron_Centre" title="Videotron Centre">Videotron Centre</a> is an indoor <a href="/wiki/Arena" title="Arena">arena</a> and is presently used as the home arena for the <a href="/wiki/QMJHL" class="mw-redirect" title="QMJHL">major junior hockey</a> <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Remparts" title="Quebec Remparts">Quebec Remparts</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Videotron_Centre" title="Videotron Centre">Videotron Centre</a> was built with the hope of getting an <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a> franchise (relocation or expansion) in Quebec City.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was funded regardless of whether an NHL team arrives.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also hoped that the arena can help Quebec City win a future <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Olympics">Winter Olympics</a> games bid.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has now replaced the <a href="/wiki/Colis%C3%A9e_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Colisée de Québec">Colisée de Québec</a> as the main multifunctional arena in Quebec City. </p><p>Other teams include the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Remparts" title="Quebec Remparts">Quebec Remparts</a> in major junior hockey (<a href="/wiki/QMJHL" class="mw-redirect" title="QMJHL">QMJHL</a>), Université Laval varsity team <a href="/wiki/Laval_Rouge-et-Or" class="mw-redirect" title="Laval Rouge-et-Or">Rouge & Or</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City_Monarks" title="Quebec City Monarks">Quebec City Monarks</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City_Rebelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quebec City Rebelles (page does not exist)">Quebec City Rebelles</a> of La Ligue de Football de Québec; the Alouettes de Charlesbourg of the <a href="/wiki/Ligue_de_Baseball_Junior_%C3%89lite_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Ligue de Baseball Junior Élite du Québec">Ligue de Baseball Junior Élite du Québec</a>; the women's hockey team Quebec Phoenix of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Women%27s_Hockey_League" title="Canadian Women's Hockey League">Canadian Women's Hockey League</a>; and soccer club <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City_Amiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec City Amiral">Quebec Arsenal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/USL_W-League_(1995%E2%80%932015)" title="USL W-League (1995–2015)">W-League</a>. </p><p>Quebec City holds the Coop <a href="/wiki/FIS_Cross-Country_World_Cup" title="FIS Cross-Country World Cup">FIS Cross-Country World Cup</a>. This is a <a href="/wiki/Ski" title="Ski">ski</a> event that welcomes the best of that sport.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_Honore-Mercier_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Monument_Honore-Mercier_07.jpg/220px-Monument_Honore-Mercier_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Monument_Honore-Mercier_07.jpg/330px-Monument_Honore-Mercier_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Monument_Honore-Mercier_07.jpg/440px-Monument_Honore-Mercier_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption>The provincial <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Building_(Quebec)" title="Parliament Building (Quebec)">Parliament Building</a> is located in the city.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">centre-right</a> parties such as <a href="/wiki/Union_Nationale_(Quebec)" title="Union Nationale (Quebec)">Union Nationale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralliement_cr%C3%A9ditiste" title="Ralliement créditiste">Crédit social</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party of Canada</a> (CPC), <a href="/wiki/Action_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Action démocratique du Québec">Action démocratique du Québec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Avenir_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Coalition Avenir Québec">Coalition Avenir Québec</a> (CAQ) have been more popular in the Quebec City region than elsewhere in the province.<sup id="cite_ref-duval_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duval-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">federal election of 2006</a>, six of the ten conservative ridings of the province were found in its metropolitan area (where the CPC garnered 39% of the vote, against 25% at the provincial scale)<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the city proper, the CPC won three of the four seats that existed at that time (the <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_(electoral_district)" title="Québec (electoral district)">riding of Quebec</a> went to the <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with the city's lesser support for <a href="/wiki/Quebec_sovereignty" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec sovereignty">Quebec sovereignty</a>, this led political pundits to speculate about a "Quebec City mystery".<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various lines of thought were offered, including the popularity of the <a href="/wiki/Talk_radio" title="Talk radio">talk radio</a> stations <a href="/wiki/CHOI-FM" title="CHOI-FM">CHOI</a> and <a href="/wiki/CJMF-FM" title="CJMF-FM">FM93</a> expressing <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">fiscally conservative</a> and non-<a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">politically correct</a> opinions.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the years, this genre has been qualified by its detractors as <i>radio poubelle</i> (<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_poubelle" class="extiw" title="fr:Radio poubelle">fr</a>) ("trash radio") and hosts like <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Fillion" title="Jeff Fillion">Jeff Fillion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Arthur" title="André Arthur">André Arthur</a> likened to <a href="/wiki/Shock_jock" title="Shock jock">shock jocks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, compared to the rest of the province, people of the area may favour harsher criminal sentences, and lower-class households may share political views more in line with those earning more. The reasons for this remain unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-duval_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-duval-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another researcher put forward the historical factors that led to Montreal surpassing Quebec as the metropolis of <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a> in the early 19th century. According to this theory, its permanent status of "second city" (albeit the capital) engendered feelings of "repressed jealousy".<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "mystery" was relativized following the <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 federal election</a>. All five ridings within the city were won by the leftist <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a>, in the so-called "orange wave" that temporarily swept the province. Nonetheless, five of the six seats won by the Conservatives in the province were found in the greater Quebec City area.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/2018_Quebec_general_election" title="2018 Quebec general election">2018 provincial election</a>, the leftist party <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_solidaire" title="Québec solidaire">Québec solidaire</a> managed to win two districts, <a href="/wiki/Taschereau_(electoral_district)" title="Taschereau (electoral district)">Taschereau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Lesage" title="Jean-Lesage">Jean-Lesage</a>, the most densely populated in town, but the centre-right CAQ, as it swept the province, won six of the nine districts encompassing the city, and 15 of the 18 in the administrative regions of <a href="/wiki/Capitale-Nationale" title="Capitale-Nationale">Capitale-Nationale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chaudi%C3%A8re-Appalaches" title="Chaudière-Appalaches">Chaudière-Appalaches</a> (south shore of the city). </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"> <caption><b>Quebec City federal election results</b><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" scope="col">Year </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width: 0.25em; background-color: #6495ED"> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">27% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"><i>76,734</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#6495ED"><b>34%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;"><i>96,875</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA">27% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#87CEFA;"><i>75,949</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">8% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"><i>23,129</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#99C955">2% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"><i>5,715</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">28% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"><i>82,742</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#6495ED"><b>29%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;"><i>84,656</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA">28% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#87CEFA;"><i>82,950</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460">9% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"><i>25,969</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#99C955">4% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"><i>11,789</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"> <caption><b>Quebec City provincial election results</b><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" scope="col">Year </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Avenir_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Coalition Avenir Québec">CAQ</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Liberal_Party" title="Quebec Liberal Party">Liberal</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_solidaire" title="Québec solidaire">QC solidaire</a> </th> <th colspan="2" scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Parti_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Parti Québécois">Parti Québécois</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 0.25em; background-color: #1E90FF"> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/2018_Quebec_general_election" title="2018 Quebec general election">2018</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#1E90FF"><b>41%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#1E90FF;"><i>118,468</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A">22% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"><i>65,462</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#FF8040">19% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#FF8040;"><i>55,126</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA">12% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#87CEFA;"><i>34,079</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 0.25em; background-color: #EA6D6A"> </td> <th><a href="/wiki/Quebec_general_election,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec general election, 2014">2014</a> </th> <td bgcolor="#1E90FF">32% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#1E90FF;"><i>95,770</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A"><b>39%</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"><i>118,564</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#FF8040">7% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#FF8040;"><i>21,123</i> </td> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA">19% </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#87CEFA;"><i>57,481</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_districts_of_Quebec_City" title="List of presidents of districts of Quebec City">List of presidents of districts of Quebec City</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_government">Municipal government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Municipal government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_Hall_in_Quebec_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/City_Hall_in_Quebec_City.jpg/220px-City_Hall_in_Quebec_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/City_Hall_in_Quebec_City.jpg/330px-City_Hall_in_Quebec_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/City_Hall_in_Quebec_City.jpg/440px-City_Hall_in_Quebec_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/City_Hall_of_Quebec_City" title="City Hall of Quebec City">Quebec City Hall</a> serves as the seat for the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City_Council" title="Quebec City Council">Quebec City Council</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Quebec City is governed by a <a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">mayor–council government</a>, which includes the 21 <a href="/wiki/Single-member_district" title="Single-member district">single-member districts</a> of the legislative <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City_Council" title="Quebec City Council">Quebec City Council</a> and the separately elected <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Quebec_City" title="List of mayors of Quebec City">mayor</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Councilors" class="mw-redirect" title="Councilors">councilors</a> are elected by <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first-past-the-post voting</a> while the mayor is elected by the city <a href="/wiki/At-large" title="At-large">at-large</a>. Both usually belong to <a href="/wiki/Political_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties">political parties</a> and are elected at the same time every 4 years. The mayor is an <a href="/wiki/Ex_officio_member" title="Ex officio member">ex officio member</a> of the council but is not its president and has no vote. The current one is <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Marchand" title="Bruno Marchand">Bruno Marchand</a>, elected in <a href="/wiki/2021_Quebec_City_municipal_election" title="2021 Quebec City municipal election">2021</a>. </p><p>Each of the city's six boroughs has a council composed of 3 to 5 of the aforementioned councillors, depending on the size of its population. It has jurisdiction with matters such as local road maintenance, leisure, <a href="/wiki/Waste_collection" title="Waste collection">waste collection</a>, and small grants for community projects and others, but cannot tax or borrow money.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The boroughs are further divided into <a href="#Boroughs_and_neighbourhoods">35 neighbourhoods</a>, which also have councils devoted to <a href="/wiki/Public_consultation" title="Public consultation">public consultations</a>, each led by 11 citizens. Their geographical limits may be distinct from those of the city's 21 electoral districts, and councillors also sit at their neighbourhood councils as non-voting ex officio members.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_safety">Public safety</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Public safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is protected by <a href="/wiki/Service_de_police_de_la_Ville_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" class="mw-redirect" title="Service de police de la Ville de Québec">Service de police de la Ville de Québec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Service_de_protection_contre_les_incendies_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" class="mw-redirect" title="Service de protection contre les incendies de Québec">Service de protection contre les incendies de Québec</a> (fire dept.) The <a href="/wiki/Census_geographic_units_of_Canada#Census_metropolitan_areas" title="Census geographic units of Canada">census metropolitan area</a> (CMA) of Quebec City has one of the lowest crime rates in Canada, with 3,193 per 100,000 persons in 2017, only behind <a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area#Census_metropolitan_area" title="Greater Toronto Area">Toronto's CMA</a> (3,115).<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Exceptionally, no <a href="/wiki/Culpable_homicide#Canada" title="Culpable homicide">homicide</a> (defined as a criminal death, deliberate or not) was reported in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, eight homicides occurred the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 29 January 2017, a university student <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City_mosque_shooting" title="Quebec City mosque shooting">shot and killed six people</a> with another 17 injured in a mass shooting at the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Cultural_Centre_of_Quebec_City" title="Islamic Cultural Centre of Quebec City">Quebec Islamic Cultural Centre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even after accounting for this event, the CMA of Quebec had the second lowest Crime Severity Index in the country in 2017, at 48.5, after that of <a href="/wiki/Barrie" title="Barrie">Barrie</a> (45.3).<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the year 2017, the number of reported incidents investigated as <a href="/wiki/Hate_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hate crimes">hate crimes</a> by the city police increased from 57 to 71, and for those specifically targeting Muslims from 21 to 42.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overall rate of reported hate crimes was thus 7.1 per 100,000 population — higher than the national average (3.9) and in Montreal (4.7) but lower than rates in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were two <a href="/wiki/Murder_(Canadian_law)#Murder" class="mw-redirect" title="Murder (Canadian law)">first-degree murders</a> in 2018, seven in 2017 (six of which were due to the mosque shooting), one in 2016, two in 2015 and three in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 November 2020, the Quebec City police <a href="/wiki/2020_Quebec_City_stabbing" title="2020 Quebec City stabbing">arrested a man</a> dressed in medieval costume and armed with a Japanese sword. Carl Girouard, the arrestee, reportedly killed 2 people and hospitalized 5 others.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Quebec_City" title="Special:EditPage/Quebec City">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two bridges (the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Bridge" title="Quebec Bridge">Quebec Bridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laporte_Bridge" title="Pierre Laporte Bridge">Pierre Laporte Bridge</a>) and a ferry service connect the city with <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9vis" title="Lévis">Lévis</a> and its suburbs along the south shore of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a>. The <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_Bridge" title="Île d'Orléans Bridge">Orleans Island Bridge</a> links Quebec City with pastoral <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Île d'Orléans">Orleans Island</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec_et_le_pont_Pierre-Laporte_vus_du_boulevard_Champlain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Le_pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec_et_le_pont_Pierre-Laporte_vus_du_boulevard_Champlain.jpg/220px-Le_pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec_et_le_pont_Pierre-Laporte_vus_du_boulevard_Champlain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Le_pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec_et_le_pont_Pierre-Laporte_vus_du_boulevard_Champlain.jpg/330px-Le_pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec_et_le_pont_Pierre-Laporte_vus_du_boulevard_Champlain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Le_pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec_et_le_pont_Pierre-Laporte_vus_du_boulevard_Champlain.jpg/440px-Le_pont_de_Qu%C3%A9bec_et_le_pont_Pierre-Laporte_vus_du_boulevard_Champlain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4438" data-file-height="3328" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laporte_Bridge" title="Pierre Laporte Bridge">Pierre-Laporte</a> <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Bridge" title="Quebec Bridge">Quebec Bridges</a> connect the city with neighbouring <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9vis" title="Lévis">Lévis</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Quebec City is an important hub in the province's <a href="/wiki/Autoroutes_of_Quebec" title="Autoroutes of Quebec">autoroute</a> system, as well as boasting one of the highest "expressway lane kilometres per 1000 persons" in the country (1.10 km), behind <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a> (1.74), <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton</a> (1.61) and <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a> (1.24).<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_40" title="Quebec Autoroute 40">Autoroute 40</a> connects the region with <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupr%C3%A9,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré, Quebec">Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Charlevoix" title="Charlevoix">Charlevoix</a> region to the east. <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_20" title="Quebec Autoroute 20">Autoroute 20</a> parallels the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, linking Quebec City with Montreal and <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re-du-Loup" title="Rivière-du-Loup">Rivière-du-Loup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rimouski" title="Rimouski">Rimouski</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime Provinces">Maritime Provinces</a> to the east. <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_73" title="Quebec Autoroute 73">Autoroute 73</a> provides a north–south link through the metropolitan area, linking it with <a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges,_Quebec" title="Saint-Georges, Quebec">Saint-Georges</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Beauce,_Quebec" title="Beauce, Quebec">Beauce</a> region, and Maine to the south and <a href="/wiki/Saguenay,_Quebec" title="Saguenay, Quebec">Saguenay</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Saguenay%E2%80%93Lac-Saint-Jean" title="Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean">Lac-Saint-Jean</a> region to the north. </p><p>Within the metropolitan region, Autoroutes 40, 73, and several spur routes link the city centre with its suburbs. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_573" title="Quebec Autoroute 573">Autoroute 573 (Autoroute Henri-IV)</a> connects the city with <a href="/wiki/CFB_Valcartier" title="CFB Valcartier">CFB Valcartier</a>. <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_740" title="Quebec Autoroute 740">Autoroute 740 (Autoroute Robert-Bourassa)</a> serves as a north–south inner belt. <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_440_(Quebec_City)" title="Quebec Autoroute 440 (Quebec City)">Autoroute 440</a> comprises two separate autoroutes to the west and east of the urban core. Originally meant to be connected by a tunnel under the city centre, the two sections are separated by a 6 km (3.7 mi) gap. There are no current plans to connect them. The western section (Autoroute Charest) connects Autoroutes 40 and 73 with Boulevard Charest (a main east–west avenue) while the eastern section (Autoroute Dufferin-Montmorency) links the city centre with <a href="/wiki/Beauport,_Quebec_City" title="Beauport, Quebec City">Beauport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montmorency_Falls" title="Montmorency Falls">Montmorency Falls</a>. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RTC_M%C3%A9trobus_Qu%C3%A9bec_City_14786209214.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/RTC_M%C3%A9trobus_Qu%C3%A9bec_City_14786209214.jpg/220px-RTC_M%C3%A9trobus_Qu%C3%A9bec_City_14786209214.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/RTC_M%C3%A9trobus_Qu%C3%A9bec_City_14786209214.jpg/330px-RTC_M%C3%A9trobus_Qu%C3%A9bec_City_14786209214.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/RTC_M%C3%A9trobus_Qu%C3%A9bec_City_14786209214.jpg/440px-RTC_M%C3%A9trobus_Qu%C3%A9bec_City_14786209214.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5080" data-file-height="3248" /></a><figcaption>RTC's <i>Métrobus</i> is a six lines, higher frequency and capacity bus service.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tram_on_Maple_Avenue,_Quebec_City,_QC,_1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tram_on_Maple_Avenue%2C_Quebec_City%2C_QC%2C_1898.jpg/220px-Tram_on_Maple_Avenue%2C_Quebec_City%2C_QC%2C_1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tram_on_Maple_Avenue%2C_Quebec_City%2C_QC%2C_1898.jpg/330px-Tram_on_Maple_Avenue%2C_Quebec_City%2C_QC%2C_1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Tram_on_Maple_Avenue%2C_Quebec_City%2C_QC%2C_1898.jpg/440px-Tram_on_Maple_Avenue%2C_Quebec_City%2C_QC%2C_1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="758" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>A tram in Quebec City in 1898</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_de_transport_de_la_Capitale" title="Réseau de transport de la Capitale">Réseau de transport de la Capitale</a> (RTC) is responsible for public transport in the region. The RTC operates a fleet of buses and has recently implemented articulated buses. The RTC is studying the return of a <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City_Tramway" title="Quebec City Tramway">tramway</a> system to help ease overcrowding on its busiest lines as well as attract new users to public transit. The two billion dollar revitalization project needs approval from higher levels of government since the city does not have the financial resources to fund such an ambitious project on its own. As of 2022, the project named Quebec City Tramway is under development.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rail transport is operated by <a href="/wiki/Via_Rail" title="Via Rail">Via Rail</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Gare_du_Palais" title="Gare du Palais">Gare du Palais</a> ('Palace Station'). The station is the eastern terminus of the railway's main <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City-Windsor_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec City-Windsor Corridor">Quebec City-Windsor Corridor</a>. An inter-city bus station, with connections to the provincial long-distance bus network, is adjacent to the train station, and is used by operators such as <a href="/wiki/Orleans_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Orleans Express">Orleans Express</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intercar" title="Intercar">Intercar</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_and_sea">Air and sea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Air and sea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quebec City is served by <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_City_Jean_Lesage_International_Airport" title="Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport">Jean Lesage International Airport</a>, located 13 km (8.1 mi) west of the city centre. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Quebec" title="Port of Quebec">Port of Quebec</a> is a seaport on the St. Lawrence with facilities in the first, fifth and sixth boroughs.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Promenade_Les_Cent-Associes_UL_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Promenade_Les_Cent-Associes_UL_08.jpg/220px-Promenade_Les_Cent-Associes_UL_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Promenade_Les_Cent-Associes_UL_08.jpg/330px-Promenade_Les_Cent-Associes_UL_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Promenade_Les_Cent-Associes_UL_08.jpg/440px-Promenade_Les_Cent-Associes_UL_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>An alley of <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Laval" title="Université Laval">Université Laval</a></span></span> campus</figcaption></figure> <p>The <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Laval" title="Université Laval">Université Laval</a></span></span> (Laval University) is in the southwestern part of the city, in the borough of <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Foy,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Foy, Quebec">Sainte-Foy</a>, except for its school of architecture, which is at the "<a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9minaire_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Séminaire de Québec">Vieux-Séminaire</a>" building in Old Quebec. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Université du Québec">Université du Québec system</a> administrative headquarters and some of its specialized schools (<span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_nationale_d%27administration_publique" title="École nationale d'administration publique">École nationale d'administration publique</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_recherche_scientifique" title="Institut national de la recherche scientifique">Institut national de la recherche scientifique</a> and <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9-universit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Télé-université">Télé-université</a>) are in the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Roch,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Roch, Quebec City">Saint-Roch neighbourhood</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/CEGEP" title="CEGEP">CEGEPs</a> of Quebec city are <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Fran%C3%A7ois-Xavier-Garneau" class="mw-redirect" title="Collège François-Xavier-Garneau">Collège François-Xavier-Garneau</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9gep_Limoilou" title="Cégep Limoilou">Cégep Limoilou</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9gep_de_Sainte-Foy" title="Cégep de Sainte-Foy">Cégep de Sainte-Foy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Champlain_College_St._Lawrence" title="Champlain College St. Lawrence">Champlain College St. Lawrence</a>, as well as private and specialized post-secondary institutions such as Campus Notre-Dame-de-Foy, <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_M%C3%A9rici" title="Collège Mérici">Collège Mérici</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Bart" title="Collège Bart">Collège Bart</a>, <a href="/wiki/CDI_College" title="CDI College">Collège CDI</a>, Collège O'Sullivan and Collège Multihexa. </p><p>Three <a href="/wiki/School_boards" class="mw-redirect" title="School boards">school boards</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Commission_scolaire_de_la_Capitale" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission scolaire de la Capitale">Commission scolaire de la Capitale</a>, operate secular francophone schools, and <a href="/wiki/Central_Quebec_School_Board" title="Central Quebec School Board">Central Quebec School Board</a> operates the few existing anglophone ones. Until 1998 <a href="/wiki/Commission_des_%C3%A9coles_catholiques_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Commission des écoles catholiques de Québec">Commission des écoles catholiques de Québec</a> operated public Catholic schools of all languages. </p><p>Quebec City has the oldest educational institution for women in North America, led by the <a href="/wiki/Ursulines_of_Quebec" title="Ursulines of Quebec">Ursulines of Quebec</a>, which is now a private elementary school. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quebec City is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>.</li></ul> <p>It has formal agreements with other cities although they are not active as of 2012. These include <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guanajuato_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Guanajuato City">Guanajuato City</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hu%E1%BA%BF" title="Huế">Huế</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a> and <a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wallonia" title="Wallonia">francophone Belgium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Quebec_City" title="Category:People from Quebec City">People from Quebec City</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Quebec_City" title="List of people from Quebec City">List of people from Quebec City</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_county_municipalities_and_equivalent_territories_in_Quebec" title="List of regional county municipalities and equivalent territories in Quebec">List of regional county municipalities and equivalent territories in Quebec</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Informational notes</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Algonquin_language" title="Algonquin language">Algonquin language</a> is a distinct language of the <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian language family</a>, and is not a misspelling.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although snow is measured in cm the melted snow (water equivalent) is measured in mm and added to the rainfall to obtain the total precipitation. An approximation of the water equivalent can be made by dividing the snow depth by ten. Thus 1 cm (0.4 in) of snow is equivalent to approximately 1 mm (0.04 in) of water. See <a href="/wiki/Snow_gauge" title="Snow gauge">snow gauge</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/prods_servs/normals_documentation_e.html#ND2">Rainfall, Snowfall, and Precipitation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121228044057/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/prods_servs/normals_documentation_e.html">Archived</a> 28 December 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ec.gc.ca/Publications/A192EDCE-8394-4662-BE0F-AAD3E32F23E9%5CMANOBS7A17_e.pdf">MANOBS 7th Edition Amendment 17</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2018">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on station coordinates provided by Environment and Climate Change Canada, climate data was recorded in the area of <a href="/wiki/Old_Quebec" title="Old Quebec">Old Quebec</a> from August 1875 to February 1959, and at <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_City_Jean_Lesage_International_Airport" title="Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport">Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport</a> from March 1943 to present.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarceauRémillard2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marceau, Stéphane G.; Rémillard, François (2002). <i>Ville de Québec</i> (in French) (4th ed.). Montreal: Guides de voyage Ulysse. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-89464-510-4" title="Special:BookSources/2-89464-510-4"><bdi>2-89464-510-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ville+de+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.place=Montreal&rft.pages=14&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Guides+de+voyage+Ulysse&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=2-89464-510-4&rft.aulast=Marceau&rft.aufirst=St%C3%A9phane+G.&rft.au=R%C3%A9millard%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cgndb-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cgndb_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHTWR">"Quebec City"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GeoBase_(geospatial_data)#Geographical_Names_Data_Base" title="GeoBase (geospatial data)">Geographical Names Data Base</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Canada" title="Natural Resources Canada">Natural Resources Canada</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Quebec+City&rft.btitle=Geographical+Names+Data+Base&rft.pub=Natural+Resources+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeonames.nrcan.gc.ca%2Fsearch-place-names%2Funique%3Fid%3DEHTWR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-toponymie-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toponymie_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/fiche.aspx?no_seq=51718">"<i>Banque de noms de lieux du Québec</i>: Reference number 51718"</a>. <i>toponymie.gouv.qc.ca</i> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Commission_de_toponymie_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Commission de toponymie du Québec">Commission de toponymie du Québec</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=toponymie.gouv.qc.ca&rft.atitle=Banque+de+noms+de+lieux+du+Qu%C3%A9bec%3A+Reference+number+51718&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoponymie.gouv.qc.ca%2Fct%2FToposWeb%2Ffiche.aspx%3Fno_seq%3D51718&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-incor-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-incor_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://grandquebec.com/capitale-quebec/incorporation-ville/">"Incorporation de Québec"</a>. 23 October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028235911/https://grandquebec.com/capitale-quebec/incorporation-ville/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Incorporation+de+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.date=2007-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgrandquebec.com%2Fcapitale-quebec%2Fincorporation-ville%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mamrot-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mamrot_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mamrot_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quebec.ca/gouvernement/portrait-quebec/repertoire-municipalites?field=municipalite&municipalite=23027">"<i>Répertoire des municipalités</i>: Geographic code 23027"</a>. <i>www.mamh.gouv.qc.ca</i> (in French). Ministère des Affaires municipales et de l'Habitation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mamh.gouv.qc.ca&rft.atitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+des+municipalit%C3%A9s%3A+Geographic+code+23027&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quebec.ca%2Fgouvernement%2Fportrait-quebec%2Frepertoire-municipalites%3Ffield%3Dmunicipalite%26municipalite%3D23027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=301&SR=3426&RPP=25&S=86&O=A&CMA=0&PR=0#2016A00052423027">"Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables, 2016 Census"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>. 8 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028235847/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=301&SR=3426&RPP=25&S=86&O=A&CMA=0&PR=0#2016A00052423027">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+Dwelling+Count+Highlight+Tables%2C+2016+Census&rft.pub=Government+of+Canada%2C+Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2017-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fhlt-fst%2Fpd-pl%2FTable.cfm%3FLang%3DEng%26T%3D301%26SR%3D3426%26RPP%3D25%26S%3D86%26O%3DA%26CMA%3D0%26PR%3D0%232016A00052423027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Quebec&DGUIDlist=2021S0503421&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1,4&HEADERlist=0">"Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables, 2021 Census"</a>. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+Dwelling+Count+Highlight+Tables%2C+2021+Census&rft.pub=Government+of+Canada%2C+Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26SearchText%3DQuebec%26DGUIDlist%3D2021S0503421%26GENDERlist%3D1%2C2%2C3%26STATISTIClist%3D1%2C4%26HEADERlist%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cp2011-CA-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cp2011-CA_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&DGUIDlist=2021A0005421">"Quebec City (Code 421) Census Profile"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_census" title="2011 Canadian census">2011 census</a></i>. Government of Canada - <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2011+census&rft.atitle=Quebec+City+%28Code+421%29+Census+Profile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26GENDERlist%3D1%2C2%2C3%26STATISTIClist%3D1%26DGUIDlist%3D2021A0005421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVallières" class="citation web cs1">Vallières, Marc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120522050125/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/quebec-city">"Québec City"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/quebec-city">the original</a> on 22 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qu%C3%A9bec+City&rft.aulast=Valli%C3%A8res&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2Fquebec-city&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3610046801">"Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by census metropolitan area (CMA)"</a>. 6 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gross+domestic+product+%28GDP%29+at+basic+prices%2C+by+census+metropolitan+area+%28CMA%29&rft.date=2023-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D3610046801&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oedpron-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oedpron_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-Quebec" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=Quebec">"Quebec"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Quebec&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3DQuebec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Natural Resources Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www4.rncan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique/EHTWR">"Place names – Québec"</a>. <i>www4.rncan.gc.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028235550/http://www4.rncan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique/EHTWR">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www4.rncan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Place+names+%E2%80%93+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Natural+Resources+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww4.rncan.gc.ca%2Fsearch-place-names%2Funique%2FEHTWR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Statistics_Canada_Census_2021-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Statistics_Canada_Census_2021_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=2423027&Geo2=CD&Code2=2423">"Québec, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Québec, Territoire équivalent [Census division], Quebec"</a>. <i>Census 2016</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+2016&rft.atitle=Qu%C3%A9bec%2C+Ville+%5BCensus+subdivision%5D%2C+Quebec+and+Qu%C3%A9bec%2C+Territoire+%C3%A9quivalent+%5BCensus+division%5D%2C+Quebec&rft.date=2017-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D2423027%26Geo2%3DCD%26Code2%3D2423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&T=205&S=3&RPP=100">"Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables, 2016 Census"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i>. 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Public Works and Government Services Canada. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160914012658/http://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2guides/guides/wrtps/index-eng.html?lang=eng&lettr=indx_catlog_q&page=9M186EWC4Ldg.html#zz9M186EWC4Ldg">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qu%C3%A9bec%2C+City+of+Qu%C3%A9bec%2C+Quebec+City&rft.pub=Public+Works+and+Government+Services+Canada&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca%2Ftpv2guides%2Fguides%2Fwrtps%2Findex-eng.html%3Flang%3Deng%26lettr%3Dindx_catlog_q%26page%3D9M186EWC4Ldg.html%23zz9M186EWC4Ldg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psc-cfp.gc.ca/abt-aps/stgd-gdst/index-eng.htm#toc2.15">"Names (geographical)"</a>. Public Service Commission of Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161121144149/http://www.psc-cfp.gc.ca/abt-aps/stgd-gdst/index-eng.htm#toc2.15">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Names+%28geographical%29&rft.pub=Public+Service+Commission+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psc-cfp.gc.ca%2Fabt-aps%2Fstgd-gdst%2Findex-eng.htm%23toc2.15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2009" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada (8 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tcdnstyl-chap?lang=eng&lettr=chapsect15&info0=15#zz15">"Geographical Names"</a>. The Canadian Style. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161030002236/http://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tcdnstyl-chap?lang=eng&lettr=chapsect15&info0=15#zz15">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geographical+Names&rft.pub=The+Canadian+Style&rft.date=2009-10-08&rft.au=Government+of+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca%2Ftcdnstyl-chap%3Flang%3Deng%26lettr%3Dchapsect15%26info0%3D15%23zz15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/normes-procedures/regles-ecriture/traduire-toponymes.html">"Faut-il traduire les toponymes?"</a>. <i>Commission de toponymie</i>. 26 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Immigrant+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.atitle=Qu%C3%A9bec+en+quelques+mots&rft.date=2021-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimmigrantquebec.com%2Ffr%2Freussir-votre-installation%2Fvivre-a-quebec%2Fconnaitre-quebec%2Fquebec-en-quelques-mots%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/sevenwonders/wonder_quebec_city.html">"CBC.CA – Seven Wonders of Canada – Your Nominations – Old Quebec City, Quebec"</a>. <i>www.cbc.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401022236/https://www.cbc.ca/sevenwonders/wonder_quebec_city.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cbc.ca&rft.atitle=CBC.CA+%E2%80%93+Seven+Wonders+of+Canada+%E2%80%93+Your+Nominations+%E2%80%93+Old+Quebec+City%2C+Quebec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fsevenwonders%2Fwonder_quebec_city.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=16661">"Fort Charlesbourg Royal National Historic Site of Canada"</a>. <i>www.historicplaces.ca</i>. Parks Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028235615/https://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=16661">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.historicplaces.ca&rft.atitle=Fort+Charlesbourg+Royal+National+Historic+Site+of+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historicplaces.ca%2Fen%2Frep-reg%2Fplace-lieu.aspx%3Fid%3D16661&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WDL1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WDL1_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/224">"View of Quebec, Capital of Canada"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028235552/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/224/nearest-items.json?limit=25">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=View+of+Quebec%2C+Capital+of+Canada&rft.pub=World+Digital+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoss2017" class="citation book cs1">Moss, William (2 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_CJBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT334"><i>The Recent Archaeology of the Early Modern Period in Quebec City: 2009</i></a>. Routledge. p. 334. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351193337" title="Special:BookSources/9781351193337"><bdi>9781351193337</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028235557/https://books.google.com/books?id=_CJBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT334">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Recent+Archaeology+of+the+Early+Modern+Period+in+Quebec+City%3A+2009&rft.pages=334&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017-12-02&rft.isbn=9781351193337&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_CJBDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kirkbio-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kirkbio_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirkbio_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kirkbio_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?id_nbr=368&PHPSESSID=5741tch9j1hgc3ki456h1e5uv7">"KIRKE, SIR DAVID, adventurer, trader, colonizer, leader of the expedition that captured Quebec in 1629, and later governor of Newfoundland"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917104640/http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio.php?id_nbr=368%2F">Archived</a> 17 September 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorison1972" class="citation book cs1">Morison, Samuel Eliot (1972). <i>The Oxford history of the American people</i>. New York: Mentor. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-451-62600-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-451-62600-1"><bdi>0-451-62600-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7384608">7384608</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+history+of+the+American+people.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Mentor&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7384608&rft.isbn=0-451-62600-1&rft.aulast=Morison&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Eliot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://primarydocuments.ca/royal-proclamation-1763/">"George R, Proclamation, 7 October 1763 (Royal Proclamation)"</a>. <i>PrimaryDocuments.ca</i>. 7 October 1763. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401032305/https://primarydocuments.ca/royal-proclamation-1763/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cahiers+qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois+de+d%C3%A9mographie&rft.atitle=Qu%C3%A9bec+1608%E2%80%932008+%3A+400+ans+de+statistiques+d%C3%A9mographiques+tir%C3%A9es+des+recensements&rft.volume=37&rft.pages=143&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7202%2F029642ar&rft.aulast=Cartier&rft.aufirst=Gwena%C3%ABl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.erudit.org%2Fen%2Fjournals%2Fcqd%2F2008-v37-n1-cqd2900%2F029642ar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ville.quebec.qc.ca/en/apropos/portrait/histoire/1756-1867.aspx">"Ville de Québec – Québec City, Fortress and Port (1756–1867)"</a>. <i>Ville de Québec</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028235646/https://www.ville.quebec.qc.ca/en/apropos/portrait/histoire/1756-1867.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Canadian Militia Unpopular with Francophones"</a>. <i>Canadian Military History Gateway</i>. Department of National Defence. June 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181012181855/http://cmhg-phmc.forces.gc.ca/cmh-pmc/page-501-eng.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Sci</i>. <b>11</b> (5): 1633–1644. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007HESS...11.1633P">2007HESS...11.1633P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5194%2Fhess-11-1633-2007">10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1027-5606">1027-5606</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120203170339/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&rft.atitle=Daily+Data+Report+for+July+1953&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1872-06-01%257C1959-02-28%26mlyRange%3D1872-01-01%257C1959-12-01%26StationID%3D5249%26Prov%3DQC%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnName%26optLimit%3DyearRange%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D1930%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D0%26searchMethod%3Dcontains%26Month%3D7%26Day%3D8%26txtStationName%3Dquebec%26timeframe%3D2%26Year%3D1953&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-January_1890-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-January_1890_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1872-06-01%7C1959-02-28&mlyRange=1872-01-01%7C1959-12-01&StationID=5249&Prov=QC&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=1930&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=1&Day=8&txtStationName=quebec&timeframe=2&Year=1890">"Daily Data Report for January 1890"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. 31 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816163141/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1872-06-01%7C1959-02-28&mlyRange=1872-01-01%7C1959-12-01&StationID=5249&Prov=QC&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=1930&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=1&Day=8&txtStationName=quebec&timeframe=2&Year=1890">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&rft.atitle=Daily+Data+Report+for+January+1890&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D%257C%26dlyRange%3D1872-06-01%257C1959-02-28%26mlyRange%3D1872-01-01%257C1959-12-01%26StationID%3D5249%26Prov%3DQC%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnName%26optLimit%3DyearRange%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D1930%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D0%26searchMethod%3Dcontains%26Month%3D1%26Day%3D8%26txtStationName%3Dquebec%26timeframe%3D2%26Year%3D1890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-January_2015-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-January_2015_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=2005-03-24%7C2016-07-07&dlyRange=1992-12-04%7C2016-07-06&mlyRange=1998-01-01%7C2016-03-01&StationID=26892&Prov=QC&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=4&searchMethod=contains&Month=1&Day=1&txtStationName=quebec&timeframe=2&Year=2015">"Daily Data Report for January 2015"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Data</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment Canada">Environment Canada</a>. 31 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816171831/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=2005-03-24%7C2016-07-07&dlyRange=1992-12-04%7C2016-07-06&mlyRange=1998-01-01%7C2016-03-01&StationID=26892&Prov=QC&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=4&searchMethod=contains&Month=1&Day=1&txtStationName=quebec&timeframe=2&Year=2015">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Climate+Data&rft.atitle=Daily+Data+Report+for+January+2015&rft.date=2011-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclimate.weather.gc.ca%2Fclimate_data%2Fdaily_data_e.html%3FhlyRange%3D2005-03-24%257C2016-07-07%26dlyRange%3D1992-12-04%257C2016-07-06%26mlyRange%3D1998-01-01%257C2016-03-01%26StationID%3D26892%26Prov%3DQC%26urlExtension%3D_e.html%26searchType%3DstnName%26optLimit%3DyearRange%26StartYear%3D1840%26EndYear%3D2016%26selRowPerPage%3D25%26Line%3D4%26searchMethod%3Dcontains%26Month%3D1%26Day%3D1%26txtStationName%3Dquebec%26timeframe%3D2%26Year%3D2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CCNSFQC1991-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CCNSFQC1991_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1991_2020_e.html?searchType=stnName_1991&txtStationName_1991=Quebec&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=129000000&dispBack=1">"Quebec Jean Lesage Airport"</a>. <i>Canadian Climate Normals 1991–2020</i>. <a href="/wiki/Environment_and_Climate_Change_Canada" title="Environment and Climate Change Canada">Environment and Climate Change Canada</a>. 1 October 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Environment and Climate Change Canada. 1 October 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140509001634/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=5251&lang=e&dCode=0&province=QUE&provBut=Go&month1=0&month2=12">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Division de l'arpentage et de la cartographie. Ville de Québec (10 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clubdimension.org/docs/KINOMADA/Ville_quartiers_arrondissements.pdf">"Les arrondissements et leurs quartiers"</a> [The boroughs and their quarters] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). <i>clubdimension.org</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191105091049/http://clubdimension.org/docs/KINOMADA/Ville_quartiers_arrondissements.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=clubdimension.org&rft.atitle=Les+arrondissements+et+leurs+quartiers&rft.date=2011-01-10&rft.aulast=Rainville&rft.aufirst=Candide&rft.au=Service+de+l%27ing%C3%A9nierie.+Division+de+l%27arpentage+et+de+la+cartographie.+Ville+de+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclubdimension.org%2Fdocs%2FKINOMADA%2FVille_quartiers_arrondissements.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbd-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cbd_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbd_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1128103/centre-ville-futur-quebec-urbanisme">"Où sera le centre-ville de Québec dans le futur?"</a>. <i>Radio-Canada.ca</i> (in Canadian French). 7 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009212737/https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1128103/centre-ville-futur-quebec-urbanisme">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio-Canada.ca&rft.atitle=O%C3%B9+sera+le+centre-ville+de+Qu%C3%A9bec+dans+le+futur%3F&rft.date=2018-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fici.radio-canada.ca%2Fnouvelle%2F1128103%2Fcentre-ville-futur-quebec-urbanisme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scpast-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scpast_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scpast_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistics Canada: <a href="/wiki/Canada_1871_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 1871 Census">1871</a>, 1881, 1891, 1901, <a href="/wiki/Canada_1911_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 1911 Census">1911</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_1921_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 1921 Census">1921</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_1931_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 1931 Census">1931</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_1941_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 1941 Census">1941</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_1951_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 1951 Census">1951</a>, 1956, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976, 1981, 1986, <a href="/wiki/Canada_1991_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 1991 Census">1991</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_1996_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 1996 Census">1996</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_2001_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2001 Census">2001</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_2006_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2006 Census">2006</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_2011_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2011 Census">2011</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_2016_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2016 Census">2016</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_2021_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2021 Census">2021</a> census</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131006173408/http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/donstat/societe/demographie/dons_regnl/regional/Tableau_top_10.htm">"Évolution démographique des 10 principales villes du Québec (Sur la base de 2006) selon leur limites territoriales actuelles1, Recensements du Canada de 1871 à 2006"</a>. <i>www.stat.gouv.qc.ca</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/donstat/societe/demographie/dons_regnl/regional/Tableau_top_10.htm">the original</a> on 6 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stat.gouv.qc.ca&rft.atitle=%C3%89volution+d%C3%A9mographique+des+10+principales+villes+du+Qu%C3%A9bec+%28Sur+la+base+de+2006%29+selon+leur+limites+territoriales+actuelles1%2C+Recensements+du+Canada+de+1871+%C3%A0+2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stat.gouv.qc.ca%2Fdonstat%2Fsociete%2Fdemographie%2Fdons_regnl%2Fregional%2FTableau_top_10.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021census-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2021census_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&geocode=A000224">"Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Quebec"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>. 9 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+and+dwelling+counts%3A+Canada%2C+provinces+and+territories%2C+and+census+subdivisions+%28municipalities%29%2C+Quebec&rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D9810000202%26geocode%3DA000224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?">"Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables, 2016 Census"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i>. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. 8 February 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170210214952/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Population+and+Dwelling+Count+Highlight+Tables%2C+2016+Census&rft.date=2017-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fhlt-fst%2Fpd-pl%2FTable.cfm%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2017" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (8 February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=2423027&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=1">"Census Profile, 2016 Census – Québec, Ville [Census subdivision], Quebec and Canada [Country]"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028235556/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=2423027&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=1">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Census+Profile%2C+2016+Census+%E2%80%93+Qu%C3%A9bec%2C+Ville+%5BCensus+subdivision%5D%2C+Quebec+and+Canada+%5BCountry%5D&rft.date=2017-02-08&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D2423027%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D01%26SearchText%3DCanada%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26TABID%3D1%26type%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00052423027&SearchText=quebec">"Census Profile, 2021 - Québec, Ville"</a>. <i>Statistics Canada</i>. 9 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Canada&rft.atitle=Census+Profile%2C+2021+-+Qu%C3%A9bec%2C+Ville&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26GENDERlist%3D1%2C2%2C3%26STATISTIClist%3D1%26HEADERlist%3D0%26DGUIDlist%3D2021A00052423027%26SearchText%3Dquebec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&DGUIDList=2021A000011124&GENDERList=1,2,3&STATISTICList=1&HEADERList=0&SearchText=Canada">"Census Profile, 2021 - Canada [Country]"</a>. <i>Statistics Canada</i>. 9 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Canada&rft.atitle=Census+Profile%2C+2021+-+Canada+%5BCountry%5D&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26DGUIDList%3D2021A000011124%26GENDERList%3D1%2C2%2C3%26STATISTICList%3D1%26HEADERList%3D0%26SearchText%3DCanada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021censusB-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2021censusB_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021censusB_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021censusB_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2021censusB_63-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2022" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0&DGUIDlist=2021A00052423027&SearchText=quebec">"Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Census+Profile%2C+2021+Census+of+Population&rft.date=2022-10-26&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26GENDERlist%3D1%2C2%2C3%26STATISTIClist%3D1%26HEADERlist%3D0%26DGUIDlist%3D2021A00052423027%26SearchText%3Dquebec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2016census-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2016census_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2021" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (27 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=2423027&Geo2=CD&Code2=2423&SearchText=Quebec&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0">"Census Profile, 2016 Census"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=Census+Profile%2C+2016+Census&rft.date=2021-10-27&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2016%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D2423027%26Geo2%3DCD%26Code2%3D2423%26SearchText%3DQuebec%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26TABID%3D1%26type%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2011census-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2011census_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2015" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (27 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=2423027&Data=Count&SearchText=Quebec&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1">"NHS Profile"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=NHS+Profile&rft.date=2015-11-27&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fnhs-enm%2F2011%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D2423027%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3DQuebec%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26A1%3DAll%26B1%3DAll%26Custom%3D%26TABID%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2006census-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2006census_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2019" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (20 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=2423027&Geo2=PR&Code2=24&Data=Count&SearchText=Quebec&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=">"2006 Community Profiles"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www12.statcan.gc.ca&rft.atitle=2006+Community+Profiles&rft.date=2019-08-20&rft.aulast=Government+of+Canada&rft.aufirst=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2006%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2F92-591%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo1%3DCSD%26Code1%3D2423027%26Geo2%3DPR%26Code2%3D24%26Data%3DCount%26SearchText%3DQuebec%26SearchType%3DBegins%26SearchPR%3D01%26B1%3DAll%26Custom%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2001census-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2001census_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Canada2019" class="citation web cs1">Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=2423025&Geo2=PR&Code2=24&Data=Count&SearchText=Qu%C3%A9bec&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=">"2001 Community Profiles"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.uwo.ca/programs/companyinformationcanada/canadaslargestemployersbycity2007.html#quebec">the original</a> on 18 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canada%27s+largest+employers+by+city%2C+2007%3A+Quebec+City&rft.pub=University+of+Western+Ontario&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.uwo.ca%2Fprograms%2Fcompanyinformationcanada%2Fcanadaslargestemployersbycity2007.html%23quebec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://business.financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/heres-a-quick-glance-at-unemployment-rates-for-june-by-canadian-city-2">"Here's a quick glance at unemployment rates for June, by Canadian city"</a>. <i>Financial Post</i>. 6 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009211313/https://business.financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/heres-a-quick-glance-at-unemployment-rates-for-june-by-canadian-city-2">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Post&rft.atitle=Here%27s+a+quick+glance+at+unemployment+rates+for+June%2C+by+Canadian+city&rft.date=2018-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.financialpost.com%2Fpmn%2Fbusiness-pmn%2Fheres-a-quick-glance-at-unemployment-rates-for-june-by-canadian-city-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/quebec-city">"Québec City: Economy, transportation, and labour force"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925083644/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/quebec-city/#h3_jump_4">Archived</a> 25 September 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The Canadian Encyclopedia</i>. Historical Foundation of Canada, 2008. Retrieved 12 January 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qcna.qc.ca/news/abandoned-zoo-greenhouse-faces-demolition">"Abandoned zoo greenhouse faces demolition"</a>. <i>QCNA EN</i>. 23 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1977). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rideauhallillust00hubb/page/49"><i>Rideau Hall</i></a></span>. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rideauhallillust00hubb/page/49">49</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0310-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-0310-6"><bdi>978-0-7735-0310-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rideau+Hall&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-0310-6&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=R.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frideauhallillust00hubb%2Fpage%2F49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimardÉmond1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Simard, Luc; Émond, Chantale (1994). <i>Du cap au rivage : promenades dans les rues de Québec</i> (in French). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ville.quebec.qc.ca&rft.atitle=Ville+de+Qu%C3%A9bec+%E2%80%93+Parks+and+Gardens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ville.quebec.qc.ca%2FEN%2Ftouristes%2Fvoir%2Fattraits%2Fparcs_jardins.aspx%23tabs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ville.quebec.qc.ca/docs/publications/277_publication_2_530.pdf">"Le Parc Chauveau: la nature à ma portée!"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Service+de+Police+de+la+Ville+de+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.atitle=Rapport+annuel+2017&rft.pages=12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ville.quebec.qc.ca%2Fpublications%2Fdocs_ville%2Frapport_annuel_police_2017.pdf%23page%3D14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ville.quebec.qc.ca/citoyens/police/nouvelles/FichierNouvelle.ashx?fichier=183-Rapport%20annuel%202016.pdf#page=20">"Rapport annuel 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Service de Police de la Ville de Québec</i> (in French). p. 20. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180213022229/https://www.ville.quebec.qc.ca/citoyens/police/nouvelles/FichierNouvelle.ashx?fichier=183-Rapport%20annuel%202016.pdf#page=20">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Service+de+Police+de+la+Ville+de+Qu%C3%A9bec&rft.atitle=Rapport+annuel+2016&rft.pages=20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ville.quebec.qc.ca%2Fcitoyens%2Fpolice%2Fnouvelles%2FFichierNouvelle.ashx%3Ffichier%3D183-Rapport%2520annuel%25202016.pdf%23page%3D20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBilefsky2020" class="citation news cs1">Bilefsky, Dan (November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/01/world/canada/quebec-city-stabbing-deaths-halloween-medieval-costume.html">"Halloween Stabbing Attack in Quebec City Leaves 2 Dead"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104225853/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/01/world/canada/quebec-city-stabbing-deaths-halloween-medieval-costume.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Halloween+Stabbing+Attack+in+Quebec+City+Leaves+2+Dead&rft.date=2020-11&rft.aulast=Bilefsky&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F11%2F01%2Fworld%2Fcanada%2Fquebec-city-stabbing-deaths-halloween-medieval-costume.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180329002416/http://www.bape.gouv.qc.ca/sections/mandats/du_vallon/documents/DQ5-1.pdf">"Projet de prolongement de l'axe du Vallon"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>BAPE</i> (in French). 2004. p. 2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bape.gouv.qc.ca/sections/mandats/du_vallon/documents/DQ5-1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BAPE&rft.atitle=Projet+de+prolongement+de+l%27axe+du+Vallon&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bape.gouv.qc.ca%2Fsections%2Fmandats%2Fdu_vallon%2Fdocuments%2FDQ5-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/tramway-quebec-city-approved-1.6410943">"Quebec City tramway finally gets green light as province gives unconditional approval"</a>. CBC. 6 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Quebec+City+tramway+finally+gets+green+light+as+province+gives+unconditional+approval&rft.date=2022-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fmontreal%2Ftramway-quebec-city-approved-1.6410943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transportaction.ca/topics/urban-transit/quebec-city-tramway-wins-provincial-backing/">"We represent the interests of rail and bus passengers and advocate for public transport services in Canada"</a>. 28 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=We+represent+the+interests+of+rail+and+bus+passengers+and+advocate+for+public+transport+services+in+Canada.&rft.date=2021-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.transportaction.ca%2Ftopics%2Furban-transit%2Fquebec-city-tramway-wins-provincial-backing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railforthevalley.com/latest-news/zweisystem/quebec-city-tram-will-be-a-reality/">"Quebec city Tram Will Be A Reality : Rail for the Valley"</a>. 6 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quebec+city+Tram+Will+Be+A+Reality+%3A+Rail+for+the+Valley&rft.date=2022-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railforthevalley.com%2Flatest-news%2Fzweisystem%2Fquebec-city-tram-will-be-a-reality%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120203072407/http://www.portquebec.ca/index.php?lang=en_GR">"Port of Quebec"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portquebec.ca/index.php?lang=en_GR">the original</a> on 3 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Port+of+Quebec&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portquebec.ca%2Findex.php%3Flang%3Den_GR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160921034654/http://www.lapresse.ca/le-soleil/actualites/la-capitale/201209/06/01-4571850-quebec-fait-le-menage-dans-ses-jumelages.php">"Québec fait le ménage dans ses jumelages"</a>. <i>Le Soleil</i> (in French). 7 September 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lapresse.ca/le-soleil/actualites/la-capitale/201209/06/01-4571850-quebec-fait-le-menage-dans-ses-jumelages.php">the original</a> on 21 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Soleil&rft.atitle=Qu%C3%A9bec+fait+le+m%C3%A9nage+dans+ses+jumelages&rft.date=2012-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lapresse.ca%2Fle-soleil%2Factualites%2Fla-capitale%2F201209%2F06%2F01-4571850-quebec-fait-le-menage-dans-ses-jumelages.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuebec+City" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box 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metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Quebec City</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" 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/></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_City" class="extiw" title="c:Québec City">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Quebec_City" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Quebec City">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Quebec_City" class="extiw" title="q:Quebec City">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Quebec City">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Quebec_City" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Quebec City">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Quebec_City" class="extiw" title="voy:Quebec City">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ville.quebec.qc.ca/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quebec-cite.com/en/">Official website of Québec City Tourism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/fogs-spg/Facts-csd-eng.cfm?LANG=eng&GK=CSD&GC=2423027&TOPIC=1"><i>Focus on Geography Series, 2016 Census</i></a> — Census subdivision of Québec City from <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/archives/entry/preserving-old-quebec-city">CBC Digital Archives</a> — CBC Television Special: Preserving Quebec City (1976)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/archives/topic/quebec-city-400-years-of-history">CBC Digital Archives</a> — Quebec City: 400 Years of History</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Quebec_City" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Quebec_City" title="Template:Quebec City"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Quebec_City" title="Template talk:Quebec City"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Quebec_City" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Quebec City"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Quebec_City" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg/30px-Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg/45px-Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg/60px-Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="682" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quebec City</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_Quebec_City" title="Boroughs of Quebec City">Boroughs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Cit%C3%A9-Limoilou" title="La Cité-Limoilou">La Cité-Limoilou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Rivi%C3%A8res,_Quebec_City" title="Les Rivières, Quebec City">Les Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Foy%E2%80%93Sillery%E2%80%93Cap-Rouge" title="Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge">Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlesbourg,_Quebec_City" title="Charlesbourg, Quebec City">Charlesbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauport,_Quebec_City" title="Beauport, Quebec City">Beauport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Haute-Saint-Charles,_Quebec_City" title="La Haute-Saint-Charles, Quebec City">La Haute-Saint-Charles</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laurentien,_Quebec_City" title="Laurentien, Quebec City">Laurentien</a> (defunct)</i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Quebec City"><img alt="Flag of Quebec City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg/100px-Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg/150px-Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg/200px-Flag_of_Quebec_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Flag of Quebec City</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vieux-Qu%C3%A9bec%E2%80%93Cap-Blanc%E2%80%93colline_Parlementaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Vieux-Québec–Cap-Blanc–colline Parlementaire">Vieux-Québec–Cap-Blanc–colline Parlementaire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Quebec" title="Old Quebec">Old Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Hill_(Quebec_City)" title="Parliament Hill (Quebec City)">Parliament Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petit_Champlain" title="Petit Champlain">Petit Champlain</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Baptiste,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Quebec City">Saint-Jean-Baptiste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Roch,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Roch, Quebec City">Saint-Roch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maizerets" title="Maizerets">Maizerets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanier,_Quebec_City" title="Vanier, Quebec City">Vanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Foy,_Quebec_City" title="Sainte-Foy, Quebec City">Sainte-Foy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillery,_Quebec_City" title="Sillery, Quebec City">Sillery</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sillery_Heritage_Site" title="Sillery Heritage Site">Sillery Heritage Site</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap-Rouge,_Quebec_City" title="Cap-Rouge, Quebec City">Cap-Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lac-Saint-Charles,_Quebec_City" title="Lac-Saint-Charles, Quebec City">Lac-Saint-Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89mile,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Émile, Quebec City">Saint-Émile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretteville,_Quebec_City" title="Loretteville, Quebec City">Loretteville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val-B%C3%A9lair,_Quebec_City" title="Val-Bélair, Quebec City">Val-Bélair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration_of_Quebec_City" title="Urban agglomeration of Quebec City">Agglomeration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures" title="Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures">Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enclaves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%27Ancienne-Lorette" title="L'Ancienne-Lorette">L'Ancienne-Lorette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Anges,_Quebec" title="Notre-Dame-des-Anges, Quebec">Notre-Dame-des-Anges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendake,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Wendake, Quebec">Wendake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Category:Quebec_City" title="Category:Quebec City">List of articles about Quebec City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec_City" title="History of Quebec City">History of Quebec City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_urbaine_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Communauté urbaine de Québec">Quebec Urban Community (1970–2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_m%C3%A9tropolitaine_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Communauté métropolitaine de Québec">Communauté métropolitaine de Québec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000%E2%80%9306_municipal_reorganization_in_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="2000–06 municipal reorganization in Quebec">2000–06 municipal reorganization in Quebec</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality" title="Regional county municipality">Regional county municipalities</a> in <a href="/wiki/Capitale-Nationale" title="Capitale-Nationale">Capitale-Nationale</a>:</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Charlevoix_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Charlevoix Regional County Municipality">Charlevoix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlevoix-Est_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Charlevoix-Est Regional County Municipality">Charlevoix-Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_C%C3%B4te-de-Beaupr%C3%A9_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality">La Côte-de-Beaupré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jacques-Cartier_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality">La Jacques-Cartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele-d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_Regional_County_Municipality" title="L'Île-d'Orléans Regional County Municipality">L'Île-d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portneuf_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Portneuf Regional County Municipality">Portneuf</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Equivalent_territory" title="Equivalent territory">Equivalent territories</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Quebec_(census_division)" title="Quebec (census division)">Quebec (TE)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Independent parishes:</b> <a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Anges,_Quebec" title="Notre-Dame-des-Anges, Quebec">Notre-Dame-des-Anges</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Native reserves:</b> <a href="/wiki/Wendake,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Wendake, Quebec">Wendake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_of_the_CMQ/Quebec_CMA" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greater_Quebec" title="Template:Greater Quebec"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greater_Quebec" title="Template talk:Greater Quebec"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greater_Quebec" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greater Quebec"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_of_the_CMQ/Quebec_CMA" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities of the <a href="/wiki/Communaut%C3%A9_m%C3%A9tropolitaine_de_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Communauté métropolitaine de Québec">CMQ</a>/Quebec <a href="/wiki/Census_geographic_units_of_Canada#Census_metropolitan_areas" title="Census geographic units of Canada">CMA</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bellechasse_Regional_County_Municipality,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellechasse Regional County Municipality, Quebec">Bellechasse</a> <a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality" title="Regional county municipality">RCM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Henri,_Chaudi%C3%A8re-Appalaches,_Quebec" title="Saint-Henri, Chaudière-Appalaches, Quebec">Saint-Henri¹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_Quebec" title="Beaumont, Quebec">Beaumont¹</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/L%27%C3%8Ele-d%27Orleans_Regional_County_Municipality,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Île-d'Orleans Regional County Municipality, Quebec">L'Île-d'Orléans</a> <a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality" title="Regional county municipality">RCM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois-de-l%27%C3%8Ele-d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Saint-François-de-l'Île-d'Orléans">Saint-François-de-l'Île-d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-l%27%C3%8Ele-d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Saint-Jean-de-l'Île-d'Orléans">Saint-Jean-de-l'Île-d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-de-l%27%C3%8Ele-d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Saint-Laurent-de-l'Île-d'Orléans">Saint-Laurent-de-l'Île-d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-de-l%27%C3%8Ele-d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Saint-Pierre-de-l'Île-d'Orléans">Saint-Pierre-de-l'Île-d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Famille-de-l%27%C3%8Ele-d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Sainte-Famille-de-l'Île-d'Orléans">Sainte-Famille-de-l'Île-d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-P%C3%A9tronille,_Quebec" title="Sainte-Pétronille, Quebec">Sainte-Pétronille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/La_C%C3%B4te-de-Beaupr%C3%A9_Regional_County_Municipality,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="La Côte-de-Beaupré Regional County Municipality, Quebec">La Côte-de-Beaupré</a> <a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality" title="Regional county municipality">RCM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Tite-des-Caps" title="Saint-Tite-des-Caps">Saint-Tite-des-Caps²</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ferr%C3%A9ol-les-Neiges" title="Saint-Ferréol-les-Neiges">Saint-Ferréol-les-Neiges²</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague-du-Cap-Tourmente" title="Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague-du-Cap-Tourmente">Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague-du-Cap-Tourmente²</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Joachim,_Quebec" title="Saint-Joachim, Quebec">Saint-Joachim²</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaupr%C3%A9,_Quebec" title="Beaupré, Quebec">Beaupré²</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupr%C3%A9" title="Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré">Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré</a>²</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau-Richer,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Château-Richer, Quebec">Château-Richer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Ange-Gardien,_Capitale-Nationale,_Quebec" title="L'Ange-Gardien, Capitale-Nationale, Quebec">L'Ange-Gardien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boischatel,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Boischatel, Quebec">Boischatel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/La_Jacques-Cartier_Regional_County_Municipality,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="La Jacques-Cartier Regional County Municipality, Quebec">La Jacques-Cartier</a> <a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality" title="Regional county municipality">RCM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier" title="Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier">Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossambault-sur-le-Lac" title="Fossambault-sur-le-Lac">Fossambault-sur-le-Lac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lac-Saint-Joseph,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Lac-Saint-Joseph, Quebec">Lac-Saint-Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon,_Quebec" title="Shannon, Quebec">Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier" title="Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier">Saint-Gabriel-de-Valcartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lac-Delage,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Lac-Delage, Quebec">Lac-Delage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury" title="Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury">Stoneham-et-Tewkesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lac-Beauport,_Quebec" title="Lac-Beauport, Quebec">Lac-Beauport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Brigitte-de-Laval" title="Sainte-Brigitte-de-Laval">Sainte-Brigitte-de-Laval</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quebec_(census_division)" title="Quebec (census division)">Québec</a> <a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality#RCMs_as_geographical_units" title="Regional county municipality">TE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Anges,_Quebec" title="Notre-Dame-des-Anges, Quebec">Notre-Dame-des-Anges¹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_agglomeration_of_Quebec_City" title="Urban agglomeration of Quebec City">Urban agglomeration of Quebec City</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Ancienne-Lorette" title="L'Ancienne-Lorette">L'Ancienne-Lorette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures" title="Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures">Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendake,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Wendake, Quebec">Wendake¹</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9vis_(territory_equivalent_to_a_regional_county_municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lévis (territory equivalent to a regional county municipality)">Lévis</a> <a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality#RCMs_as_geographical_units" title="Regional county municipality">TE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9vis,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Lévis, Quebec">Lévis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/La_Nouvelle-Beauce_Regional_County_Municipality,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="La Nouvelle-Beauce Regional County Municipality, Quebec">La Nouvelle-Beauce</a> <a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality" title="Regional county municipality">RCM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon, Quebec">Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon¹</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">¹<small><i>Does not belong to the CMQ</i></small> — ²<small><i>Does not belong to the Quebec City CMA</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provincial_and_territorial_capitals_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canada_capitals" title="Template:Canada capitals"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canada_capitals" title="Template talk:Canada capitals"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canada_capitals" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canada capitals"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provincial_and_territorial_capitals_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Provincial and territorial</a> capitals of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table align="center" style="background:transparent;" cellspacing="4" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:20%;"> <table style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><td style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">AB</a></td><td style=""><a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">BC</a></td><td style=""><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="width:20%;"> <table style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><td style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">MB</a></td><td style=""><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">NB</a></td><td style=""><a href="/wiki/Fredericton" title="Fredericton">Fredericton</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="width:20%;"> <table style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><td style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a></td><td style=""><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador">St. John's</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">NS</a></td><td style=""><a href="/wiki/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia" title="Halifax, Nova Scotia">Halifax</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="width:20%;"> <table style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><td style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">ON</a></td><td style=""><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">PE</a></td><td style=""><a href="/wiki/Charlottetown" title="Charlottetown">Charlottetown</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="width:20%;"> <table style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><td style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">QC</a></td><td style=""><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quebec City</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">SK</a></td><td style=""><a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="width:20%;"> <table style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.75em;"><b>Territories:</b></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">NT</a></td><td style=""> <a href="/wiki/Yellowknife" title="Yellowknife">Yellowknife</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="width:20%;"> <table style="width:100%; background:transparent; text-align:left; line-height:1.4em;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><td style="width:3.0em; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">NU</a></td><td style=""> <a href="/wiki/Iqaluit" title="Iqaluit">Iqaluit</a></td></tr> <tr><td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">YT</a></td><td style=""> <a href="/wiki/Whitehorse" title="Whitehorse">Whitehorse</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Boroughs_and_districts_of_Quebec_City" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Subdivisions_of_Quebec_City" title="Template:Subdivisions of Quebec City"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Subdivisions_of_Quebec_City" title="Template talk:Subdivisions of Quebec City"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions_of_Quebec_City" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions of Quebec City"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Boroughs_and_districts_of_Quebec_City" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_Quebec_City" title="Boroughs of Quebec City">Boroughs</a> and districts of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quebec City</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/La_Cit%C3%A9-Limoilou" title="La Cité-Limoilou">La Cité-Limoilou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>La Cité</i>: 1-1 <a href="/wiki/Vieux-Qu%C3%A9bec%E2%80%93Cap-Blanc%E2%80%93colline_Parlementaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Vieux-Québec–Cap-Blanc–colline Parlementaire">Vieux-Québec–Cap-Blanc–colline Parlementaire</a></li> <li>1-2 <a href="/wiki/Saint-Roch,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Roch, Quebec City">Saint-Roch</a></li> <li>1-3 <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Baptiste,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Quebec City">Saint-Jean-Baptiste</a></li> <li>1-4 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Montcalm,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montcalm, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Montcalm</a></li> <li>1-5 <a href="/wiki/Saint-Sauveur,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Sauveur, Quebec City">Saint-Sauveur</a></li> <li>1-6 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Sacrement,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Sacrement, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Saint-Sacrement</a></li> <li><i>Limoilou</i>: 6-1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieux-Limoilou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vieux-Limoilou (page does not exist)">Vieux-Limoilou</a></li> <li>6-2 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lairet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lairet (page does not exist)">Lairet</a></li> <li>6-3 <a href="/wiki/Maizerets" title="Maizerets">Maizerets</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quebec_Arrondissements.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Boroughs of Quebec City since 1 November, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Quebec_Arrondissements.svg/200px-Quebec_Arrondissements.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Quebec_Arrondissements.svg/300px-Quebec_Arrondissements.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Quebec_Arrondissements.svg/400px-Quebec_Arrondissements.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1133" data-file-height="1091" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Les_Rivi%C3%A8res,_Quebec_City" title="Les Rivières, Quebec City">Les Rivières</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2-1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neufch%C3%A2tel-Est%E2%80%93Lebourgneuf,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neufchâtel-Est–Lebourgneuf, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Neufchâtel-Est–Lebourgneuf</a></li> <li>2-2 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duberger-Les_Saules,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duberger-Les Saules, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Duberger-Les Saules</a></li> <li>2-3 <a href="/wiki/Vanier,_Quebec_City" title="Vanier, Quebec City">Vanier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Foy%E2%80%93Sillery%E2%80%93Cap-Rouge" title="Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge">Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>3-1 <a href="/wiki/Sillery,_Quebec_City" title="Sillery, Quebec City">Sillery</a></li> <li>3-2 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cit%C3%A9_universitaire,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cité universitaire, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Cité universitaire</a></li> <li>3-3 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Louis,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Louis, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Saint-Louis</a></li> <li>3-4 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plateau,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plateau, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Plateau</a></li> <li>3-5 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pointe-de-Ste-Foy,_Quebec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pointe-de-Ste-Foy, Quebec (page does not exist)">Pointe-de-Ste-Foy</a></li> <li>8-2 <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27A%C3%A9roport,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Aéroport, Quebec City (page does not exist)">L'Aéroport</a></li> <li>8-3 <a href="/wiki/Cap-Rouge,_Quebec_City" title="Cap-Rouge, Quebec City">Cap-Rouge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charlesbourg,_Quebec_City" title="Charlesbourg, Quebec City">Charlesbourg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>4-1 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame-des-Laurentides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notre-Dame-des-Laurentides (page does not exist)">Notre-Dame-des-Laurentides</a></li> <li>4-2 Quartier 4-2</li> <li>4-3 Quartier 4-3</li> <li>4-4 <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A9suites,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jésuites, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Jésuites, Quebec City</a></li> <li>4-5 Quartier 4-5</li> <li>4-6 Quartier 4-6</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Beauport,_Quebec_City" title="Beauport, Quebec City">Beauport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>5-1 Quartier 5-1</li> <li>5-2 Quartier 5-2</li> <li>5-3 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chutes-Montmorency,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chutes-Montmorency, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Chutes-Montmorency</a></li> <li>5-4 Quartier 5-4</li> <li>5-5 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieux-Moulin,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vieux-Moulin, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Vieux-Moulin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/La_Haute-Saint-Charles,_Quebec_City" title="La Haute-Saint-Charles, Quebec City">La Haute-Saint-Charles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>7-1 <a href="/wiki/Lac-Saint-Charles,_Quebec_City" title="Lac-Saint-Charles, Quebec City">Lac-Saint-Charles</a></li> <li>7-2 <a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89mile,_Quebec_City" title="Saint-Émile, Quebec City">Saint-Émile</a></li> <li>7-3 <a href="/wiki/Loretteville,_Quebec_City" title="Loretteville, Quebec City">Loretteville</a></li> <li>7-4 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Ch%C3%A2tels,_Quebec_City&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Des Châtels, Quebec City (page does not exist)">Des Châtels</a></li> <li>8-1 <a href="/wiki/Val-B%C3%A9lair,_Quebec_City" title="Val-Bélair, Quebec City">Val-Bélair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_France" title="Template:New France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_France" title="Template talk:New France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_France_history" title="Timeline of New France history">Timeline of New France history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(beginnings%E2%80%931533)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (beginnings–1533)">Beginnings–1533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_France_history_(1534%E2%80%931607)" title="Timeline of New France history (1534–1607)">1534–1607</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(1608%E2%80%931662)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (1608–1662)">1608–1662</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Quebec_history_(1663%E2%80%931759)" title="Timeline of Quebec history (1663–1759)">1663–1759</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">1763 Treaty of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec" title="History of Quebec">History of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Acadians" title="History of the Acadians">History of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Franco-Americans" title="History of the Franco-Americans">History of the French-Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a> (1604–1713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_(New_France)" title="Canada (New France)">Canada</a> (1608–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre-Neuve_(New_France)" title="Terre-Neuve (New France)">Terre-Neuve</a> (1662–1713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_France)" title="Louisiana (New France)">Louisiana</a> (1682–1763, 1801–1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton_Island" title="Cape Breton Island">Île Royale</a> (1713–1763)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Country" title="Illinois Country">Illinois Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Country" title="Ohio Country">Ohio Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pays_d%27en_Haut" title="Pays d'en Haut">Pays d'en Haut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domaine_du_roy" title="Domaine du roy">Domaine du roy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_in_New_France" title="List of towns and villages in New France">Towns and<br /> villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Acadie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_(Acadia)" title="Port-Royal (Acadia)">Port Royal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Quebec_City" title="History of Quebec City">Quebec City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montreal" title="History of Montreal">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Detroit" title="History of Detroit">Détroit</a></li></ul></li> <li>Île Royale <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">Louisbourg</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiane <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mobile,_Alabama" title="History of Mobile, Alabama">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biloxi,_Mississippi" title="Biloxi, Mississippi">Biloxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Orleans" title="History of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li></ul></li> <li>Terre-Neuve <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Placentia,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Placentia, Newfoundland and Labrador">Plaisance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_forts_in_North_America" title="List of French forts in North America">List of French forts in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Rouill%C3%A9" title="Fort Rouillé">Fort Rouillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Michilimackinac" title="Fort Michilimackinac">Fort Michilimackinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Buade" title="Fort de Buade">Fort de Buade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_de_Chartres" title="Fort de Chartres">Fort de Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Detroit">Fort Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ticonderoga" title="Fort Ticonderoga">Fort Carillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Conde" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Conde">Fort Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Duquesne" title="Fort Duquesne">Fort Duquesne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Louisbourg" title="Fortress of Louisbourg">Fortress of Louisbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Castle Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador">Castle Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starved_Rock_State_Park" title="Starved Rock State Park">Fort St. Louis (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_Texas" title="French colonization of Texas">Fort St. Louis (Texas)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_New_France" title="Governor General of New France">Governor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intendant_of_New_France" title="Intendant of New France">Intendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_New_France" title="Sovereign Council of New France">Sovereign Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Quebec" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec">Bishop of Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="List of governors of Trois-Rivières">Governor of Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Montreal" title="Governor of Montreal">Governor of Montreal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Acadie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Acadia" title="List of governors of Acadia">Governor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Terre-Neuve <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador#Governors_of_Plaisance,_1655–1713" title="List of governors of Newfoundland and Labrador">Governor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Louisiane <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Louisiana" title="List of colonial governors of Louisiana">Governor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Custom_of_Paris_in_New_France" title="Custom of Paris in New France">Custom of Paris in New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seigneurial_system_of_New_France" title="Seigneurial system of New France">Seigneurial system of New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_justice_in_New_France" title="Criminal justice in New France">Criminal justice in New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intendant" title="Intendant">Intendancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_New_France" title="Sovereign Council of New France">Superior Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_court" title="Admiralty court">Admiralty court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provost_(civil)" title="Provost (civil)">Provostship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_court" title="Ecclesiastical court">Officiality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">Bailiff</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%A9chauss%C3%A9e" title="Maréchaussée">Maréchaussée</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_Noir" title="Code Noir">Code Noir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemin_du_Roy" title="Chemin du Roy">Chemin du Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_fur_trade" title="North American fur trade">Fur trade</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coureur_des_bois" title="Coureur des bois">Coureur des bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyageurs" title="Voyageurs">Voyageurs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_of_One_Hundred_Associates" title="Company of One Hundred Associates">Company of 100 Associates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Crozat" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Crozat">Crozat's Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Company" title="Mississippi Company">Mississippi Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compagnie_de_l%27Occident" title="Compagnie de l'Occident">Compagnie de l'Occident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Population_of_New_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Population of New France">Population</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1666_census_of_New_France" title="1666 census of New France">1666 census</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitants" title="Habitants">Habitants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">Canadiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Daughters" title="King's Daughters">King's Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadians" title="Acadians">Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casquette_girl" title="Casquette girl">Casquette girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Amerindians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_New_France" title="Slavery in New France">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pla%C3%A7age" title="Plaçage">Plaçage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">Gens de couleur libres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_New_France" title="Alcohol in New France">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France_livre" title="New France livre">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Card_money_in_New_France" title="Card money in New France">card money</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_France_Intellectual_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="New France Intellectual Life">Intellectual life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missionary groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuit_missions_in_North_America" title="Jesuit missions in North America">Jesuit missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recollects" title="Recollects">Récollets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Nuns" title="Grey Nuns">Grey Nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursulines" title="Ursulines">Ursulines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Priests_of_Saint_Sulpice" title="Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice">Sulpicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_New_France" title="Military of New France">Military of New France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Acadians" title="Military history of the Acadians">Military history of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_Civil_War" title="Acadian Civil War">Acadian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_Wars" title="French and Indian Wars">Intercolonial Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_William%27s_War" title="King William's War">King William's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_George%27s_War" title="King George's War">King George's War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Wars" title="Beaver Wars">French and Iroquois Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Acadians" title="Expulsion of the Acadians">Expulsion of the Acadians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Peace_of_Montreal" title="Great Peace of Montreal">Great Peace of Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachine_massacre" title="Lachine massacre">Lachine Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenectady_massacre" title="Schenectady massacre">Schenectady Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Deerfield" title="Raid on Deerfield">Deerfield Raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:New_France" title="Category:New France">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communities_along_the_Chemin_du_Roy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chemin_du_Roy" title="Template:Chemin du Roy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chemin_du_Roy" title="Template talk:Chemin du Roy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chemin_du_Roy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chemin du Roy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communities_along_the_Chemin_du_Roy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Communities along the <a href="/wiki/Chemin_du_Roy" title="Chemin du Roy">Chemin du Roy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Arranged west to east; termini in italics</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Repentigny,_Quebec" title="Repentigny, Quebec">Repentigny</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sulpice,_Quebec" title="Saint-Sulpice, Quebec">Saint-Sulpice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Assomption,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Assomption, Quebec">L'Assomption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavaltrie,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavaltrie, Quebec">Lavaltrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanoraie,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanoraie, Quebec">Lanoraie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve-de-Berthier,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Geneviève-de-Berthier, Quebec">Sainte-Geneviève-de-Berthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berthierville" title="Berthierville">Berthierville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cuthbert,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Cuthbert, Quebec">Saint-Cuthbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Barth%C3%A9lemy,_Quebec" title="Saint-Barthélemy, Quebec">Saint-Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskinong%C3%A9,_Quebec" title="Maskinongé, Quebec">Maskinongé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louiseville" title="Louiseville">Louiseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamachiche,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamachiche, Quebec">Yamachiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champlain,_Quebec" title="Champlain, Quebec">Champlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batiscan,_Quebec" title="Batiscan, Quebec">Batiscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Anne-de-la-P%C3%A9rade,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade, Quebec">Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deschambault-Grondines" title="Deschambault-Grondines">Deschambault-Grondines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portneuf,_Quebec" title="Portneuf, Quebec">Portneuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap-Sant%C3%A9" title="Cap-Santé">Cap-Santé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnacona,_Quebec" title="Donnacona, Quebec">Donnacona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuville,_Quebec" title="Neuville, Quebec">Neuville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures" title="Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures">Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Quebec City</a></i></li></ul> 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000107470636">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/297641816">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1206798/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbGRkqhKKfMDM4MyH63Qq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Québec"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4103473-9">Germany</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Quebec (Ville)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1087369886">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79126922">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Québec (Canada)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119326896">France</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12175337f">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Québec (Canada)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119326896">BnF data</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12175337f">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Québec (Québec)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134447&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX455345">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000047743">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/fcrtss1z3t6d37j">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/22328">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554790805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058620300306706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/e1804252-7413-4a4d-a34d-d21a8e8e752b">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Québec"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/085722987">IdRef</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Québec, Québec"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030311667">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045663">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Quebec (Quebec)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6sf91r4">SNAC</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Quebec, Quebec."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6sc1cd2">2</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Quebec, P.Q."><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w60m0nhm">3</a></span></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&oldid=1256480956">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quebec_City&oldid=1256480956</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Quebec_City" title="Category:Quebec City">Quebec City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Quebec" title="Category:Cities and towns in Quebec">Cities and towns in Quebec</a></li><li><a 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