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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z">Halaman Utama</a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi">Daftar isi</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r">Perubahan terbaru</a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik">Artikel pilihan</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini">Peristiwa terkini</a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru">Halaman baru</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x">Halaman sembarang</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi">Warung Kopi</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu">Portal komunitas</a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan.">Bantuan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal">Tentang Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar">Pancapilar</a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman">Kebijakan</a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami">Hubungi kami</a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir">Bak pasir</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Pencarian </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Tampilan </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class="">Menyumbang</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Kalium" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class="">Buat akun baru</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Kalium" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Masuk log</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Perkakas pribadi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id">Menyumbang</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Kalium" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"> Buat akun baru</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Kalium" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"> Masuk log</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting">pelajari lebih lanjut</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y">Kontribusi</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n">Pembicaraan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Etimologi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sifat-sifat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sifat-sifat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Sifat-sifat </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sifat-sifat-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Sifat-sifat </button> <ul id="toc-Sifat-sifat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fisika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fisika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Fisika </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fisika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Kimia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Senyawa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senyawa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Senyawa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senyawa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Isotop </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pembentukan_dan_distribusi_kosmis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembentukan_dan_distribusi_kosmis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Pembentukan dan distribusi kosmis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembentukan_dan_distribusi_kosmis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Potas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Potas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Logam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Geologi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peran_biologis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peran_biologis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Peran biologis </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Peran_biologis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Peran biologis </button> <ul id="toc-Peran_biologis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fungsi_biokimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fungsi_biokimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Fungsi biokimia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fungsi_biokimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Homeostasis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Homeostasis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Homeostasis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Homeostasis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kadar_dalam_plasma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kadar_dalam_plasma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 Kadar dalam plasma </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kadar_dalam_plasma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mekanisme_pengendalian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mekanisme_pengendalian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2 Mekanisme pengendalian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mekanisme_pengendalian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penyaringan,_reabsorpsi,_dan_ekskresi_renal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penyaringan,_reabsorpsi,_dan_ekskresi_renal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.3 Penyaringan, reabsorpsi, dan ekskresi renal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penyaringan,_reabsorpsi,_dan_ekskresi_renal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dalam_makanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dalam_makanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Dalam makanan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dalam_makanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deteksi_oleh_kuncup_rasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deteksi_oleh_kuncup_rasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.1 Deteksi oleh kuncup rasa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deteksi_oleh_kuncup_rasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumber_makanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber_makanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.2 Sumber makanan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumber_makanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asupan_yang_memadai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asupan_yang_memadai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.3 Asupan yang memadai </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asupan_yang_memadai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kekurangan_asupan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kekurangan_asupan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.4 Kekurangan asupan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kekurangan_asupan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suplementasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suplementasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3.5 Suplementasi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suplementasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produksi_komersial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produksi_komersial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Produksi komersial </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Produksi_komersial-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Produksi komersial </button> <ul id="toc-Produksi_komersial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pertambangan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pertambangan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Pertambangan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pertambangan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekstraksi_kimia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekstraksi_kimia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Ekstraksi kimia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekstraksi_kimia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggunaan_komersial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan_komersial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Penggunaan komersial </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Penggunaan_komersial-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Penggunaan komersial </button> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan_komersial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pupuk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pupuk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Pupuk </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pupuk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahan_tambahan_pangan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahan_tambahan_pangan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Bahan tambahan pangan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahan_tambahan_pangan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Industri </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Penggunaan_ceruk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan_ceruk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3.1 Penggunaan ceruk </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan_ceruk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggunaan_laboratorium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan_laboratorium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3.2 Penggunaan laboratorium </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan_laboratorium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tindakan_pencegahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tindakan_pencegahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Tindakan pencegahan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tindakan_pencegahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Lihat juga </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Referensi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daftar_pustaka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daftar_pustaka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Daftar pustaka </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daftar_pustaka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Pranala luar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gulingkan daftar isi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Kalium</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 167 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-167" aria-hidden="true" > 167 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%96%E1%89%B3%E1%88%BA%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ፖታሺየም – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፖታሺየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Potasio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोटैशियम – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पोटैशियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="بوتاسيوم – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوتاسيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="پوطاسيوم – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پوطاسيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="بوتاسيوم – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوتاسيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasiu" title="Potasiu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Potasiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोटासियम – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पोटासियम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="پوتاسیوم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پوتاسیوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasium" title="Potasium – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Potasium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasyo" title="Potasyo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Potasyo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Калій – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Калій" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Каль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोटैशियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पोटैशियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ပိုတဲတ်သီယမ် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ပိုတဲတ်သီယမ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="পটাশিয়াম – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পটাশিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="དུག་སེལ། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དུག་སེལ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasiom" title="Potasiom – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Potasiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kalij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassi" title="Potassi – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Potassi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1k_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)" title="Gák (gĭng-sṳ̆k) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gák (gĭng-sṳ̆k)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Potasio" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%89%E1%8F%94%E1%8F%8F%E1%8E%A5%E1%8E%BB" title="ᏉᏔᏏᎥᎻ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏉᏔᏏᎥᎻ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="پۆتاسیۆم – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پۆتاسیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassiu" title="Potassiu – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Potassiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drasl%C3%ADk" title="Draslík – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Draslík" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasiwm" title="Potasiwm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Potasiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%AE%DE%93%DE%AD%DE%90%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%B0" title="ޕޮޓޭސިއަމް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕޮޓޭސިއަމް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Κάλιο – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάλιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Potassium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalio" title="Kalio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kalio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Potasio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaalium" title="Kaalium – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaalium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Potasio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasiu" title="Potasiu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Potasiu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پتاسیم – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پتاسیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Potassium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaalium" title="Kaalium – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kaalium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassi" title="Potassi – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Potassi" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potaisiam" title="Potaisiam – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Potaisiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%80" title="鉀 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="鉀" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasium" title="Potasium – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Potasium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Potasio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="પોટેશિયમ – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પોટેશિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potashum" title="Potashum – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Potashum" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap" title="Kap – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kap" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasiuma" title="Potasiuma – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Potasiuma" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%9F" title="אשלגן – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אשלגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोटैशियम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पोटैशियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Potassium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kalij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasy%C3%B2m" title="Potasyòm – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Potasyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1lium" title="Kálium – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kálium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Կալիում – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կալիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Potassium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalio" title="Kalio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kalio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C3%ADn" title="Kalín – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kalín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassio" title="Potassio – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Potassio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="カリウム – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カリウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/sodnrkali" title="sodnrkali – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="sodnrkali" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliyum" title="Kaliyum – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kaliyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="კალიუმი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კალიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%94tas%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Pɔtasɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɔtasɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasium" title="Potasium – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Potasium" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪೊಟ್ಯಾಶಿಯಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೊಟ್ಯಾಶಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EB%A5%A8" title="칼륨 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼륨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qelye" title="Qelye – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qelye" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassiom" title="Potassiom – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Potassiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potascio" title="Potascio – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Potascio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassie" title="Potassie – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Potassie" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasio" title="Potasio – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Potasio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasu" title="Potasu – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Potasu" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%9E%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%A1" title="ໂພແທດຊຽມ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໂພແທດຊຽມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalis" title="Kalis – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81lijs" title="Kālijs – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kālijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Поташ – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Поташ" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konurehu" title="Konurehu – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Konurehu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Калиум – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Калиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പൊട്ടാസ്യം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പൊട്ടാസ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Кали – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кали" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯣꯇꯥꯁꯤꯌꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6" title="पलाश – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पलाश" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ပိုတက်ဆီယမ် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပိုတက်ဆီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोटासियम – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पोटासियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोटासियम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पोटासियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassi" title="Potassi – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Potassi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalii" title="Kalii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kalii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE" title="ପୋଟାସିଅମ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପୋଟାସିଅମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਪੋਟਾਸ਼ੀਅਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੋਟਾਸ਼ੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोटासियम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="पोटासियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potas" title="Potas – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Potas" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassi" title="Potassi – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Potassi" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پوٹاشیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پوٹاشیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پوتاشیم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پوتاشیم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pot%C3%A1ssio" title="Potássio – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Potássio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalyu" title="Kalyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kalyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasiu" title="Potasiu – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Potasiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliu" title="Kaliu – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Kaliu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोटैशियम – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पोटैशियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Калиум – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Калиум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pudassa" title="Pudassa – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Pudassa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Put%C3%A0ssiu" title="Putàssiu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Putàssiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Potassium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%BD%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%85" title="پوٽاشيئم – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پوٽاشيئم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kalij" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%91%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="පොටෑසියම් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පොටෑසියම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Potassium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drasl%C3%ADk" title="Draslík – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Draslík" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalij" title="Kalij – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kalij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botashiyaam" title="Botashiyaam – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Botashiyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliumi" title="Kaliumi – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kaliumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Калијум – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Калијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali" title="Kali – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kali" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பொட்டாசியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொட்டாசியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="పొటాషియం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పొటాషియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="โพแทสเซียม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โพแทสเซียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasyo" title="Potasyo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Potasyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasyum" title="Potasyum – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Potasyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Калий – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Калий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89%D9%8A" title="كالىي – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كالىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Калій – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Калій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="پوٹاشیئم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پوٹاشیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliy" title="Kaliy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kaliy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalii" title="Kalii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kalii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali" title="Kali – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kali" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassiom" title="Potassiom – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Potassiom" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potasyo" title="Potasyo – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Potasyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="钾" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Калион – Kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Калион" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="קאליום – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאליום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Potassium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyaz" title="Gyaz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gyaz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="钾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%80" title="鉀 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鉀" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kalium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%80" title="鉀 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鉀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmKhosha" title="UmKhosha – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmKhosha" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q703#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c">Halaman</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Kalium" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t">Pembicaraan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Bahasa Indonesia </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKalium">Lihat URL pendek</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKalium">Unduh kode QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kalium">Buat buku</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kalium&action=show-download-screen">Unduh versi PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p">Versi cetak</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Potassium" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q703" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g">Butir di Wikidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" 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</nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel ini bukan mengenai <a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Kalsium</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333552">.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}@media only screen and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-station{width:25.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{width:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard" style="font-size:88%;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="background:lightgray;padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:1.25em;"><div style="float:right;display:inline;background:lightgray;font-size:150%;">19K</div>Kalium</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Potassium-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Potassium-2.jpg/220px-Potassium-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Potassium-2.jpg/330px-Potassium-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Potassium-2.jpg/440px-Potassium-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="481" data-file-height="394" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Mutiara kalium (dalam minyak parafin, masing-masing mutiara ini berukuran ~5 mm)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background:black"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Potassium_Spectrum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Potassium_Spectrum.jpg/220px-Potassium_Spectrum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Potassium_Spectrum.jpg/330px-Potassium_Spectrum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Potassium_Spectrum.jpg/440px-Potassium_Spectrum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="64" /></a> </div><div class="infobox-caption">Garis spektrum kalium</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ff6666">Sifat umum</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Pengucapan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">/kalium/<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Penampilan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">abu-abu keperakan</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ff6666">Kalium dalam <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:185px;margin:0.1em;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Media:Electron_shell_019_Potassium.svg" title="Media:Electron shell 019 Potassium.svg"><img alt="Perbesar gambar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Electron_shell_019_Potassium.svg/50px-Electron_shell_019_Potassium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Electron_shell_019_Potassium.svg/75px-Electron_shell_019_Potassium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Electron_shell_019_Potassium.svg/100px-Electron_shell_019_Potassium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="z-index:1;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;font-size:120%;right:140px;margin:0.1em;font-family:'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif ; line-height:0.9"> 19K</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; background:#f8f8f8;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">Hidrogen</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithium">Lithium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Berilium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">Boron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">Karbon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">Oksigen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluor">Fluor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Natrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Silikon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">Fosfor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clor (halaman belum tersedia)">Clor</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Potasium" class="mw-redirect" title="Potasium">Potasium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Kalsium</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Skandium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">Vanadium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromium">Chromium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mangan</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Besi</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobalt">Cobalt</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Nikel</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Tembaga</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">Seng</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallium">Gallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Germanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">Arsen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Selen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selen (halaman belum tersedia)">Selen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Bromin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kripton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rubidium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" class="mw-redirect" title="Strontium">Strontium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirconium">Zirconium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" class="mw-redirect" title="Molybdenum">Molybdenum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Technetium">Technetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruthenium">Ruthenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" class="mw-redirect" title="Palladium">Palladium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver">Silver</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadmium">Cadmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">Indium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Tin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimony">Antimony</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tellurium">Tellurium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodine">Iodine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium">Caesium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Barium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium">Cerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Praseodymium">Praseodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" class="mw-redirect" title="Neodymium">Neodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" class="mw-redirect" title="Promethium">Promethium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Terbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dysprosium">Dysprosium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Holmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Erbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thulium">Thulium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutetium">Lutetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hafnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Tantalum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhenium">Rhenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Osmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" class="mw-redirect" title="Platinum">Platinum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold">Gold</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury (element)</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallium">Thallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" class="mw-redirect" title="Lead">Lead</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Astatine">Astatine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" class="mw-redirect" title="Francium">Francium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinium">Actinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium">Thorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protactinium">Protactinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Neptunium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" class="mw-redirect" title="Americium">Americium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" class="mw-redirect" title="Curium">Curium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Berkelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" class="mw-redirect" title="Californium">Californium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Einsteinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fermium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Mendelevium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">Nobelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrencium">Lawrencium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherfordium">Rutherfordium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Dubnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Seaborgium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bohrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" class="mw-redirect" title="Hassium">Hassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Meitnerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Darmstadtium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Roentgenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicium">Copernicium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nihonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Flerovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscovium">Moscovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Livermorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennessine">Tennessine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" class="mw-redirect" title="Oganesson">Oganesson</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> ↑ K ↓ <a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a> ← kalium → <a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">kalsium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Templat:Navbox_unsur_diperbesar" title="Templat:Navbox unsur diperbesar">Lihat bagan navigasi yang diperbesar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">Nomor atom</a> (Z)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">19</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Golongan_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golongan (tabel periodik)">Golongan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">golongan 1 (logam alkali)</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">Periode</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Periode_(tabel_periodik)#Periode_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode (tabel periodik)">periode 4</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Blok_(tabel_periodik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok (tabel periodik)">Blok</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Blok-s" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-s">blok-s</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nama_kategori_unsur_kimia#Kategori" title="Nama kategori unsur kimia">Kategori unsur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">  <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">logam alkali</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Berat_atom_standar" class="mw-redirect" title="Berat atom standar">Berat atom standar</a> (Ar)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>39,0983±0,0001</li><li>39,098±0,001 (diringkas)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron" title="Konfigurasi elektron">Konfigurasi elektron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">[<a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>] 4s1 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kelopak_elektron" title="Kelopak elektron">Elektron per kelopak</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2, 8, 8, 1</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ff6666">Sifat fisik</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Fase_benda" title="Fase benda">Fase</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Temperatur_dan_tekanan_standar" title="Temperatur dan tekanan standar">STS</a> (0 °C dan 101,325 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(satuan)" title="Pascal (satuan)">kPa</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Padat" title="Padat">padat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_lebur" title="Titik lebur">Titik lebur</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">336,7 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (63,5 °C, 146,3 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_didih" title="Titik didih">Titik didih</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">1032 K (759 °C, 1398 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Massa_jenis" title="Massa jenis">Kepadatan</a> mendekati <a href="/wiki/Suhu_kamar" title="Suhu kamar">s.k.</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">0,89 g/cm3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">saat cair, pada <abbr title="titik lebur">t.l.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">0,828 g/cm3 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_tripel" title="Titik tripel">Titik tripel</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">336,35 K,  kPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Titik_kritis_(termodinamika)" title="Titik kritis (termodinamika)">Titik kritis</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2223 K, 16 MPa<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kalor_peleburan" title="Kalor peleburan">Kalor peleburan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2,33 <a href="/wiki/Joule_per_mol" title="Joule per mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Entalpi_penguapan" title="Entalpi penguapan">Kalor penguapan</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">76,9 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kapasitas_kalor" title="Kapasitas kalor">Kapasitas kalor molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">29,6 J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ff6666">Sifat atom</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Bilangan_oksidasi" title="Bilangan oksidasi">Bilangan oksidasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">−1, +1 (oksida <a href="/wiki/Basa" title="Basa">basa</a> kuat)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitas" title="Elektronegativitas">Elektronegativitas</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">Skala Pauling: 0,82 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Energi_ionisasi" title="Energi ionisasi">Energi ionisasi</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">ke-1: 418,8 kJ/mol ke-2: 3052 kJ/mol ke-3: 4420 kJ/mol (<a href="/wiki/Energi_ionisasi_molar#kalium" title="Energi ionisasi molar">artikel</a>) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_atom" title="Jari-jari atom">Jari-jari atom</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">empiris: 227 <a href="/wiki/Pikometer" title="Pikometer">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_kovalen" title="Jari-jari kovalen">Jari-jari kovalen</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">203±12 pm </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Jari-jari_van_der_Waals" title="Jari-jari van der Waals">Jari-jari van der Waals</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">275 pm </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ff6666">Lain-lain</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em">Kelimpahan alami</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Nuklida_primordial" title="Nuklida primordial">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Struktur_kristal" title="Struktur kristal">Struktur kristal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> <a href="/wiki/Sistem_kristal_kubus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem kristal kubus">kubus berpusat badan</a> (bcc)<div style="float:right;"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Cubic-body-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Struktur kristal Body-centered cubic untuk kalium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/50px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/75px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cubic-body-centered.svg/100px-Cubic-body-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="109" data-file-height="127" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Kecepatan_suara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecepatan suara">Kecepatan suara</a> batang ringan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">2000 m/s (suhu 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Pemuaian" title="Pemuaian">Ekspansi kalor</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">83,3 µm/(m·K) (suhu 25 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Konduktivitas_termal" title="Konduktivitas termal">Konduktivitas termal</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">102,5 W/(m·K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Resistivitas_listrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistivitas listrik">Resistivitas listrik</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">72 nΩ·m (suhu 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Magnetisme" title="Magnetisme">Arah magnet</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Paramagnetisme" title="Paramagnetisme">paramagnetik</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Suseptibilitas_magnetik" title="Suseptibilitas magnetik">Suseptibilitas magnetik molar</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">+20,8×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_Young" title="Modulus Young">Modulus Young</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">3,53 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_geser" title="Modulus geser">Modulus Shear</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">1,3 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Modulus_kompresi" title="Modulus kompresi">Modulus curah</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">3,1 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Skala_Mohs" title="Skala Mohs">Skala Mohs</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">0,4 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Uji_kekerasan_Brinell" title="Uji kekerasan Brinell">Skala Brinell</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">0,363 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Nomor_CAS" title="Nomor CAS">Nomor CAS</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;">7440-09-7 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ff6666">Sejarah</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.75em;;padding-left:0.35em"><a href="/wiki/Penemuan_unsur_kimia" title="Penemuan unsur kimia">Penemuan</a> dan isolasi pertama</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"><a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">H. Davy</a> (1807)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center; line-height:normal;background:#ff6666"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_kalium" title="Isotop kalium">Isotop kalium</a> yang utama</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-left:0em; padding-right:0em;line-height:1.35em;"> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="1" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kelimpahan_alami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelimpahan alami">Kelimpahan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">Waktu paruh</a> (t1/2) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_radioaktif#Mode_peluruhan" title="Peluruhan radioaktif">Mode peluruhan</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Produk_peluruhan" title="Produk peluruhan">Produk</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">39K </th> <td style="text-align:right">93.258% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Isotop_stabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotop stabil">stabil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium-40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium-40 (halaman belum tersedia)">40K</a> </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:right">0,012% </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;">1,248×109 thn </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_beta" title="Peluruhan beta">β−</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium-40" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalsium-40">40Ca</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Penangkapan_elektron" class="mw-redirect" title="Penangkapan elektron">ε</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Argon-40" class="mw-redirect" title="Argon-40">40Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emisi_positron" title="Emisi positron">β+</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">40Ar </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;">41K </th> <td style="text-align:right">6,730% </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;">stabil </td></tr></tbody></table><div style="clear:both;"></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="border-top:1px dotted #ff6666; line-height:0.7"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_kalium" title="Templat:Kotak info kalium">lihat</a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_kalium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info kalium (halaman belum tersedia)">bicara</a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kotak_info_kalium&action=edit">sunting</a></li></ul></div>| <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements" class="extiw" title="en:List of data references for chemical elements">referensi</a> | <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q703" class="extiw" title="d:Q703">di Wikidata</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Kalium yang juga disebut potasium, adalah suatu <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur kimia</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a> yang memiliki lambang K dan <a href="/wiki/Nomor_atom" title="Nomor atom">nomor atom</a> 19. Dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Latin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Latin (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Neo-Latin</a> <a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/kalium#Latin" class="extiw" title="wikt:kalium">kalium</a>. Ia pertama kali diisolasi dari <a href="/wiki/Potas" class="mw-redirect" title="Potas">potas</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/potash" class="extiw" title="en:potash">en</a>], abu tanaman, asal nama bahasa Inggrisnya. Dalam <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">tabel periodik</a>, kalium adalah salah satu <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">logam alkali</a>. Semua logam alkali memiliki satu <a href="/wiki/Elektron_valensi" title="Elektron valensi">elektron valensi</a> di kelopak elektron terluarnya, yang mudah dilepaskan untuk membentuk ion bermuatan positif – sebuah <a href="/wiki/Kation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kation">kation</a>, yang jika bergabung dengan <a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anion</a> membentuk <a href="/wiki/Garam_(kimia)" title="Garam (kimia)">garam</a>. Kalium di alam hanya terdapat pada garam ionik. Unsur kalium adalah logam alkali, lunak, berwarna putih keperakan yang <a href="/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks">teroksidasi</a> dengan cepat di udara dan bereaksi hebat dengan air, menghasilkan panas yang cukup untuk menyalakan <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a> yang dipancarkan dalam reaksi dan terbakar dengan <a href="/wiki/Uji_nyala_api" title="Uji nyala api">api berwarna</a> ungu. Ia ditemukan terlarut dalam air laut (yaitu 0,04% kalium berdasarkan berat<a href="#cite_note-seawaterconcentration-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>), dan merupakan bagian dari banyak <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">mineral</a>. Kalium secara kimiawi sangat mirip dengan <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natrium</a>, unsur sebelumnya pada golongan 1 tabel periodik. Mereka memiliki <a href="/wiki/Energi_ionisasi" title="Energi ionisasi">energi ionisasi</a> pertama yang sama, yang memungkinkan setiap atom melepaskan satu-satunya elektron terluarnya. Bahwa mereka adalah unsur yang berbeda yang bergabung dengan <a href="/wiki/Anion" class="mw-redirect" title="Anion">anion</a> yang sama untuk membuat garam serupa dicurigai pada tahun 1702,<a href="#cite_note-1702Suspect-7">[7]</a> dan dibuktikan pada tahun 1807 menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Elektrolisis" title="Elektrolisis">elektrolisis</a>. Kalium alami terdiri dari tiga <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotop</a>, yang salah satunya, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium-40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium-40 (halaman belum tersedia)">40K</a> bersifat <a href="/wiki/Radioaktif" class="mw-disambig" title="Radioaktif">radioaktif</a>. Jejak 40K ditemukan di semua kalium, dan ini adalah <a href="/wiki/Radioisotop" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioisotop">radioisotop</a> yang paling umum dalam tubuh manusia. Ion kalium diperlukan untuk fungsi semua sel hidup. Transfer ion kalium melalui membran sel saraf diperlukan untuk transmisi saraf normal; kekurangan dan kelebihan kalium masing-masing dapat mengakibatkan banyak kelainan, termasuk irama jantung yang abnormal dan berbagai kelainan <a href="/wiki/Elektrokardiografi" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektrokardiografi">elektrokardiografi (EKG)</a>. Buah dan sayuran segar adalah makanan sumber kalium yang baik. Tubuh merespons masuknya kalium makanan, yang meningkatkan kadar kalium serum, dengan menggeser kalium dari luar ke dalam sel dan meningkatkan ekskresi kalium oleh ginjal. Sebagian besar aplikasi industri kalium mengeksploitasi <a href="/wiki/Kelarutan" title="Kelarutan">kelarutan</a> senyawa kalium yang tinggi dalam air, seperti <a href="/wiki/Sabun" title="Sabun">sabun</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabun_air_garam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabun air garam (halaman belum tersedia)">kalium</a>. Produksi tanaman berat cepat menghabiskan kalium tanah, dan ini dapat diatasi dengan pupuk yang mengandung kalium, ini merupakan 95% dari produksi kalium global.<a href="#cite_note-g73-8">[8]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologi">Etimologi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Etimologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Etimologi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Nama <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">bahasa Inggris</a>: potassium untuk unsur kalium berasal dari kata "<a href="/wiki/Potas" class="mw-redirect" title="Potas">potash</a>",<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> yang mengacu pada metode awal untuk mengekstraksi berbagai garam kalium: abu kayu bakar atau daun pohon dimasukkan ke dalam pot, ditambahkan air, dipanaskan, dan larutannya diuapkan. Ketika <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> pertama kali mengisolasi unsur murninya dengan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Elektrolisis" title="Elektrolisis">elektrolisis</a> pada tahun 1807, dia menamainya potassium (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Indonesia" title="Bahasa Indonesia">bahasa Indonesia</a>: kalium) yang dia dapatkan dari kata potash. Lambang "K" berasal dari kali, yang berakar dari kata <a href="/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali">alkali</a>, yang berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>: القَلْيَه al-qalyah "abu tanaman." Pada tahun 1797, kimiawan Jerman <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth">Martin Klaproth</a> menemukan "potas" dalam mineral <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leusit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leusit (halaman belum tersedia)">leusit</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/leucite" class="extiw" title="en:leucite">en</a>] dan <a href="/wiki/Lepidolit" title="Lepidolit">lepidolit</a>, dan menyadari bahwa "potas" bukanlah produk pertumbuhan tanaman namun sebenarnya mengandung unsur baru, yang diusulkannya untuk dinamakan kali.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Pada tahun 1807, <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> menghasilkan unsur tersebut melalui elektrolisis: pada tahun 1809, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wilhelm_Gilbert" title="Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert">Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert</a> mengajukan nama Kalium untuk "potassium" Davy.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Pada tahun 1814, kimiawan Swedia <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" class="mw-redirect" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius">Berzelius</a> menganjurkan nama kalium untuk potassium, dengan lambang kimia "K".<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Negara-negara berbahasa Inggris dan Prancis mengadopsi nama Davy dan Gay-Lussac/Thénard, Potassium; sementara negara-negara Jermanik mengadopsi nama Gilbert/Klaproth, Kalium.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The "Gold Book" of the International Union of Physical and Applied Chemistry telah menetapkan lambang kimia resminya adalah K.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sifat-sifat">Sifat-sifat</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sifat-sifat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sifat-sifat">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fisika">Fisika</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Fisika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fisika">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flammenf%C3%A4rbungK.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Flammenf%C3%A4rbungK.png" decoding="async" width="143" height="425" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="143" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Uji_nyala_api" title="Uji nyala api">Uji nyala api</a> kalium.</figcaption></figure> Kalium adalah logam berdensitas paling rendah kedua setelah <a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">litium</a>. Ia adalah padatan lunak dengan <a href="/wiki/Titik_leleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Titik leleh">titik leleh</a> rendah, dan mudah dipotong dengan pisau. Kalium yang baru dipotong berwarna keperakan, tapi mulai muncul noda abu-abu segera saat terpapar udara.<a href="#cite_note-g76-15">[15]</a> Dalam <a href="/wiki/Uji_nyala_api" title="Uji nyala api">uji nyala api</a>, kalium dan senyawanya memancarkan warna ungu dengan panjang gelombang puncak emisi 766,5 nanometer.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kimia">Kimia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Kimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kimia">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Atom kalium netral memiliki 19 elektron, satu lebih banyak daripada konfigurasi <a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">gas mulia</a> <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a> yang sangat stabil. Oleh karena itu dan <a href="/wiki/Energi_ionisasi" title="Energi ionisasi">energi ionisasi</a> pertamanya yang serendah 418,8 kJ/mol, atom kalium lebih cenderung kehilangan elektron terakhir sehingga bermuatan positif daripada mendapatkan satu elektron untuk memperoleh muatan negatif (walaupun ion <a href="/wiki/Alkalida" title="Alkalida">alkalida</a> bermuatan negatif K− bukan tidak mungkin).<a href="#cite_note-K--17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-K+++-18">[18]</a> Proses ini membutuhkan sangat sedikit energi agar kalium mudah teroksidasi oleh oksigen atmosfer. Sebaliknya, energi ionisasi kedua sangat tinggi (3052 kJ/mol), karena pelepasan dua elektron melanggar konfigurasi elektron gas mulia yang stabil (konfigurasi argon inert).<a href="#cite_note-K+++-18">[18]</a> Oleh karenanya, kalium tidak mudah membentuk senyawa dengan keadaan oksidasi +2 atau lebih tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-K--17">[17]</a> Kalium adalah logam yang sangat aktif yang bereaksi hebat dengan oksigen di air dan di udara. Kalium bereaksi dengan oksigen membentuk <a href="/wiki/Kalium_peroksida" title="Kalium peroksida">kalium peroksida</a>, dan dengan air membentuk <a href="/wiki/Kalium_hidroksida" title="Kalium hidroksida">kalium hidroksida</a>. Reaksi kalium dengan air berbahaya karena sifat <a href="/wiki/Eksotermal" class="mw-redirect" title="Eksotermal">eksotermalnya</a> yang hebat dan produksi gas <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogennya</a>. Hidrogen bereaksi lagi dengan oksigen di atmosfer, menghasilkan air, yang bereaksi dengan sisa kalium. Reaksi ini hanya membutuhkan sekelumit air; oleh karena itu, kalium dan natrium-kalium — <a href="/w/index.php?title=NaK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NaK (halaman belum tersedia)">NaK</a> — cair adalah <a href="/wiki/Desikan" title="Desikan">desikan</a> kuat yang bisa digunakan untuk mengeringkan <a href="/wiki/Pelarut" title="Pelarut">pelarut</a> sebelum <a href="/wiki/Distilasi" title="Distilasi">distilasi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-b35-19">[19]</a> Oleh karena sensitivitas kalium terhadap air dan udara, reaksi dengan unsur lain hanya mungkin terjadi dalam atmosfer inert seperti gas <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a> yang menggunakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknik_bebas_udara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknik bebas udara (halaman belum tersedia)">teknik bebas udara</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/air-free_technique" class="extiw" title="en:air-free technique">en</a>]. Kalium tidak bereaksi dengan sebagian besar hidrokarbon seperti minyak mineral atau <a href="/wiki/Minyak_tanah" title="Minyak tanah">kerosen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-20">[20]</a> Ia mudah larut dalam amonia cair, sampai 480 g per 1000 g <a href="/wiki/Amonia" title="Amonia">amonia</a> pada 0 °C. Bergantung pada konsentrasinya, larutan amonia berwarna biru sampai kuning, dan konduktivitas listriknya serupa dengan logam cair. Dalam larutan murni, kalium perlahan bereaksi dengan amonia membentuk KNH2, namun reaksi ini dipercepat dengan sejumlah kecil garam logam transisi.<a href="#cite_note-b32-21">[21]</a> Oleh karena ia bisa mereduksi <a href="/wiki/Garam" class="mw-redirect" title="Garam">garam</a> menjadi logamnya, kalium sering digunakan sebagai reduktor dalam pembuatan serbuk logam dari garamnya dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logam_Rieke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logam Rieke (halaman belum tersedia)">metode Rieke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Misalnya, pembuatan <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_klorida" title="Magnesium klorida">magnesium klorida</a> dengan metode ini menggunakan kalium sebagai reduktor: <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {MgCl2 + 2K -> Mg + 2KCl}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>MgCl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>K</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext>Mg</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>KCl</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {MgCl2 + 2K -> Mg + 2KCl}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9164d2fa2ee856ac527275178d19645637016060" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:29.783ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {MgCl2 + 2K -> Mg + 2KCl}}}"></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Senyawa">Senyawa</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Senyawa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Senyawa">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <dl><dd><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Potassium-superoxide-unit-cell-3D-ionic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Potassium-superoxide-unit-cell-3D-ionic.png/170px-Potassium-superoxide-unit-cell-3D-ionic.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Potassium-superoxide-unit-cell-3D-ionic.png/255px-Potassium-superoxide-unit-cell-3D-ionic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Potassium-superoxide-unit-cell-3D-ionic.png/340px-Potassium-superoxide-unit-cell-3D-ionic.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="973" /></a><figcaption>Struktur kalium superoksida (KO2) padat.</figcaption></figure></dd></dl> Satu-satunya tingkat oksidasi kalium yang umum adalah +1. Logam kalium adalah <a href="/wiki/Reduktor" title="Reduktor">reduktor</a> kuat yang mudah teroksidasi menjadi <a href="/wiki/Kation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kation">kation</a> monopositif, K+. Sekali teroksidasi, ia sangat stabil dan sulit untuk direduksi kembali menjadi logamnya.<a href="#cite_note-K--17">[17]</a> Kalium hidroksida mudah bereaksi dengan karbon dioksida menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Kalium_karbonat" title="Kalium karbonat">kalium karbonat</a>, dan digunakan untuk menghilangkan gas renik dari udara. Secara umum, senyawa kalium memiliki kelarutan yang sangat tinggi dalam air, karena energi hidrasi ion K+ yang tinggi. Ion kalium tidak berwarna dalam air dan sangat sulit <a href="/wiki/Reaksi_pengendapan" title="Reaksi pengendapan">diendapkan</a>; metode presipitasi yang mungkin termasuk reaksi dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrium_tetrafenilborat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrium tetrafenilborat (halaman belum tersedia)">natrium tetrafenilborat</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sodium_tetraphenylborate" class="extiw" title="en:sodium tetraphenylborate">en</a>], <a href="/wiki/Asam_heksakloroplatinat" class="mw-redirect" title="Asam heksakloroplatinat">asam heksakloroplatinat</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hexachloroplatinic_acid" class="extiw" title="en:hexachloroplatinic acid">en</a>], dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrium_kobaltinitrit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrium kobaltinitrit (halaman belum tersedia)">natrium kobaltinitrit</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/sodium_cobaltinitrite" class="extiw" title="en:sodium cobaltinitrite">en</a>].<a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-20">[20]</a> Kalium teroksidasi lebih cepat daripada logam kebanyakan dan membentuk <a href="/wiki/Oksida" title="Oksida">oksida</a> dengan ikatan oksigen-oksigen, seperti halnya semua logam alkali kecuali litium. Tiga spesies terbentuk selama reaksi: <a href="/wiki/Kalium_oksida" title="Kalium oksida">kalium oksida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalium_peroksida" title="Kalium peroksida">kalium peroksida</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kalium_superoksida" title="Kalium superoksida">kalium superoksida</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> yang terbentuk dari tiga ion berbasis oksigen yang berbeda: oksida (O2−), <a href="/wiki/Peroksida" title="Peroksida">peroksida</a> (O2−2), dan <a href="/wiki/Superoksida" title="Superoksida">superoksida</a> (O−2). Dua spesies terakhir, terutama <a href="/wiki/Superoksida" title="Superoksida">superoksida</a>, jarang terjadi dan terbentuk hanya sebagai reaksi dengan logam yang sangat <a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitas" title="Elektronegativitas">elektropositif</a>; spesies ini mengandung ikatan oksigen-oksigen.<a href="#cite_note-b32-21">[21]</a> Semua senyawa biner kalium-oksigen diketahui bereaksi hebat dengan air, membentuk <a href="/wiki/Kalium_hidroksida" title="Kalium hidroksida">kalium hidroksida</a>. Senyawa ini adalah basa yang sangat kuat, dan 1,21 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kg</a> padatannya bisa larut dalam hanya satu liter air.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Senyawa kalium biasanya sangat ionik sehingga sebagian besar larut dalam air. Spesies utama dalam larutan akuatik adalah kompleks akuatik [K(H2O)n]+ dengan n = 6 dan 7.<a href="#cite_note-Lincoln-26">[26]</a> Beberapa dari sedikit garam kalium yang sukar larut meliputi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_tetrafenilborat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium tetrafenilborat (halaman belum tersedia)">kalium tetrafenilborat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalium_heksakloroplatinat" title="Kalium heksakloroplatinat">kalium heksakloroplatinat</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_kobaltinitrit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium kobaltinitrit (halaman belum tersedia)">kalium kobaltinitrit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotop">Isotop</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Isotop" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Isotop">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Isotop_kalium" title="Isotop kalium">Isotop kalium</a></div> Terdapat 24 isotop kalium yang diketahui, yang tiga di antaranya terjadi secara alami: 39K (93,3%), 40K (0,0117%), dan 41K (6,7%). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium-40&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium-40 (halaman belum tersedia)">40K</a> yang terjadi secara alami memiliki <a href="/wiki/Waktu_paruh" title="Waktu paruh">waktu paruh</a> 1,250×109 tahun. Ia meluruh menjadi <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">40Ar</a> yang stabil melalui <a href="/wiki/Penangkapan_elektron" class="mw-redirect" title="Penangkapan elektron">penangkapan elektron</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Emisi_positron" title="Emisi positron">emisi positron</a> (11,2%) atau menjadi <a href="/wiki/Calcium" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium">40Ca</a> yang stabil melalui <a href="/wiki/Peluruhan_beta" title="Peluruhan beta">peluruhan beta</a> (88,8%).<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE-27">[27]</a> Peluruhan 40K menjadi 40Ar adalah dasar metode umum untuk penanggalan batuan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penanggalan_kalium-argon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penanggalan kalium-argon (halaman belum tersedia)">Metode penanggalan K-Ar</a> konvensional bergantung pada asumsi bahwa batuan tidak mengandung argon pada saat pembentukannya dan bahwa semua argon radiogenik selanjutnya (40Ar) dipertahankan secara kuantitatif. <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">Mineral</a> diberi tanggal dengan pengukuran konsentrasi kalium dan jumlah 40Ar radiogenik yang telah terakumulasi. Mineral yang paling cocok untuk diberi penanggalan termasuk <a href="/wiki/Biotit" title="Biotit">biotit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muskovit" title="Muskovit">muskovit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hornblende" title="Hornblende">hornblende</a> metamorf, dan <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" class="mw-redirect" title="Feldspar">feldspar</a> vulkanik; sampel <a href="/wiki/Petrografi" title="Petrografi">batuan utuh</a> dari aliran vulkanik dan <a href="/wiki/Batuan_beku" title="Batuan beku">instrusif</a> dangkal juga bisa diberi tanggal jika tidak dialterasi.<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Selain untuk penanggalan, isotop kalium telah digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Pelacak_radioaktif" title="Pelacak radioaktif">pelacak</a> dalam studi <a href="/wiki/Pelapukan" title="Pelapukan">pelapukan</a> dan studi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siklus_nutrisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siklus nutrisi (halaman belum tersedia)">siklus nutrisi</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nutrient_cycling" class="extiw" title="en:nutrient cycling">en</a>] karena kalium adalah <a href="/wiki/Nutrien" title="Nutrien">makronutrien</a> yang dibutuhkan untuk <a href="/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan">kehidupan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> 40K terdapat dalam kalium alami (dan sehingga terdapat dalam beberapa substitusi garam komersial) dalam jumlah yang cukup, maka kantong besar pengganti tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai sumber radioaktif untuk demonstrasi di kelas. 40K adalah radioisotop dengan kelimpahan terbesar di dalam tubuh. Pada hewan dan manusia sehat, 40K merupakan sumber radioaktivitas terbesar, lebih besar daripada <a href="/wiki/Karbon-14" title="Karbon-14">14C</a> sekalipun. Dalam tubuh manusia massa 70 kg, sekitar 4.400 inti 40K meluruh setiap detiknya.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Aktivitas kalium alami adalah 31 <a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">Bq</a>/g.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pembentukan_dan_distribusi_kosmis">Pembentukan dan distribusi kosmis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Pembentukan dan distribusi kosmis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pembentukan dan distribusi kosmis">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:PotassiumFeldsparUSGOV.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/PotassiumFeldsparUSGOV.jpg/170px-PotassiumFeldsparUSGOV.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/PotassiumFeldsparUSGOV.jpg/255px-PotassiumFeldsparUSGOV.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/PotassiumFeldsparUSGOV.jpg/340px-PotassiumFeldsparUSGOV.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="307" /></a><figcaption>Kalium dalam <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" class="mw-redirect" title="Feldspar">feldspar</a></figcaption></figure> Kalium terbentuk dalam <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernova</a> melalui <a href="/wiki/Nukleosintesis" title="Nukleosintesis">nukleosintesis</a> dari atom yang lebih ringan. Kalium pada dasarnya dibuat pada supernova Tipe II melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nukleosintesis_supernova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nukleosintesis supernova (halaman belum tersedia)">proses pembakaran oksigen eksplosif</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> 40K juga terbentuk pada nukleosintesis <a href="/wiki/Proses_s" title="Proses s">proses s</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proses_pembakaran_neon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proses pembakaran neon (halaman belum tersedia)">proses pembakaran neon</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon-burning_process" class="extiw" title="en:Neon-burning process">en</a>]. Kalium membentuk sekitar 2,6% dari berat <a href="/wiki/Kerak_bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerak bumi">kerak bumi</a> dan merupakan unsur ketujuh yang paling melimpah di kerak bumi.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Ia adalah unsur yang paling melimpah ke-17 di bumi, dan unsur paling banyak ke-20 di tata surya. Konsentrasi kalium dalam air laut adalah 0,39 g/L<a href="#cite_note-seawaterconcentration-5">[5]</a> (0,039% b/v), kira-kira satu per dua puluh tujuh dari konsentrasi natrium.<a href="#cite_note-geo-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-indus-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Potas">Potas</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Potas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Potas">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Potas" class="mw-redirect" title="Potas">Potas</a></div> Kandungan utama potas adalah campuran garam kalium karena tanaman memiliki sedikit atau tidak ada kandungan natrium, dan kandungan mineral tumbuhan lainnya terdiri dari garam kalsium dengan kelarutan dalam air yang relatif rendah. Meskipun kalium telah digunakan sejak zaman kuno, namun sejarahnya sebagian besar tidak dipahami sebagai zat yang secara mendasar berbeda dari garam mineral natrium. <a href="/wiki/Georg_Ernst_Stahl" title="Georg Ernst Stahl">Georg Ernst Stahl</a> memperoleh bukti eksperimental yang membawanya menyarankan perbedaan mendasar garam natrium dan kalium pada tahun 1702,<a href="#cite_note-1702Suspect-7">[7]</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Louis_Duhamel_du_Monceau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau (halaman belum tersedia)">Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau</a> mampu membuktikan perbedaan ini pada tahun 1736.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Komposisi kimia yang tepat dari senyawa kalium dan natrium, serta statusnya sebagai unsur kimia kalium dan natrium, belum diketahui, sehingga <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a> tidak memasukkan alkali dalam daftar unsur kimia pada tahun 1789.<a href="#cite_note-weeks-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-disco-38">[38]</a> Dalam waktu yang lama, satu-satunya aplikasi kalium yang penting adalah produksi kaca, pemutih, sabun dan <a href="/wiki/Bubuk_mesiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bubuk mesiu">bubuk mesiu</a> sebagai kalium nitrat.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Sabun kalium dari lemak hewani dan minyak nabati sangat berharga karena cenderung lebih larut dalam air dan teksturnya lebih lembut, dan oleh karena itu dikenal dengan <a href="/wiki/Sabun" title="Sabun">sabun</a> lembut.<a href="#cite_note-g73-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Justus_Liebig" title="Justus Liebig">Justus Liebig</a> pada tahun 1840 menemukan bahwa kalium adalah unsur penting untuk tanaman dan bahwa sebagian besar jenis tanah yang kekurangan kalium<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> menyebabkan permintaan garam kalium meningkat tajam. Abu kayu dari pohon cemara awalnya digunakan sebagai sumber garam kalium untuk pupuk, namun, dengan ditemukannya deposit mineral yang mengandung <a href="/wiki/Kalium_klorida" title="Kalium klorida">kalium klorida</a> di dekat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sta%C3%9Ffurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staßfurt (halaman belum tersedia)">Staßfurt</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sta%C3%9Ffurt" class="extiw" title="en:Staßfurt">en</a>], Jerman pada tahun 1868, dimulailah produksi pupuk kalium berskala industri.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Deposit potas lainnya juga ditemukan, dan pada tahun 1960an Kanada menjadi produsen dominan.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Logam">Logam</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Logam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Logam">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sir_Humphry_Davy,_Bt_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sir_Humphry_Davy%2C_Bt_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg/220px-Sir_Humphry_Davy%2C_Bt_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sir_Humphry_Davy%2C_Bt_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg/330px-Sir_Humphry_Davy%2C_Bt_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Sir_Humphry_Davy%2C_Bt_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg/440px-Sir_Humphry_Davy%2C_Bt_by_Thomas_Phillips.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3123" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Potassium.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Potassium.JPG/220px-Potassium.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Potassium.JPG/330px-Potassium.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Potassium.JPG/440px-Potassium.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Potongan logam kalium</figcaption></figure> Logam kalium pertama kali diisolasi pada tahun 1807 di Inggris oleh Sir <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a>, yang mengisolasinya dari <a href="/wiki/Kalium_hidroksida" title="Kalium hidroksida">kaustik potas</a> (KOH, kalium hidroksida) dengan elektrolisis leburan KOH dengan <a href="/wiki/Tumpukan_volta" title="Tumpukan volta">tumpukan volta</a>, teknologi yang baru ditemukan. Kalium adalah logam pertama yang diisolasi dengan elektrolisis.<a href="#cite_note-Enghag2004-46">[46]</a> Kemudian pada tahun yang sama, Davy melaporkan ekstraksi logam <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natrium</a> dari mineral derivatif (<a href="/wiki/Soda_api" class="mw-redirect" title="Soda api">soda api</a>, NaOH, atau <a href="/wiki/Lindi_(kimia)" title="Lindi (kimia)">lindi</a>) dan bukan dari garam tanaman, dengan teknik serupa, menunjukkan bahwa unsur-unsurnya, dan juga garamnya, berbeda.<a href="#cite_note-weeks-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-disco-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Davy1807-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-200disco-48">[48]</a> Meskipun produksi logam kalium dan natrium seharusnya telah menunjukkan bahwa keduanya adalah unsur, perlu beberapa waktu sebelum pandangan ini diterima secara universal.<a href="#cite_note-disco-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geologi">Geologi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Geologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Geologi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Unsur kalium tidak terdapat di alam karena reaktivitasnya yang tinggi. Ia bereaksi hebat dengan air (lihat bagian Pencegahan di bawah ini)<a href="#cite_note-HollemanAF-20">[20]</a> dan juga bereaksi dengan oksigen. <a href="/wiki/Ortoklas" title="Ortoklas">Ortoklas</a> (feldspar kalium) adalah mineral pembentuk batuan biasa. <a href="/wiki/Granit" title="Granit">Granit</a> misalnya mengandung kalium 5%, yang jauh di atas rata-rata di dalam kerak bumi. <a href="/wiki/Silvit" title="Silvit">Silvit</a> (KCl), <a href="/wiki/Karnalit" title="Karnalit">karnalit</a> (KCl·MgCl2·6(H2O)), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kainit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kainit (halaman belum tersedia)">kainit</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/kainite" class="extiw" title="en:kainite">en</a>] (MgSO4·KCl·3H2O) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langbeinit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langbeinit (halaman belum tersedia)">langbeinit</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/langbeinite" class="extiw" title="en:langbeinite">en</a>] (MgSO4·K2SO4) adalah mineral yang ditemukan di deposit <a href="/wiki/Evaporit" title="Evaporit">evaporit</a> besar di seluruh dunia. Deposit tersebut sering menunjukkan lapisan yang dimulai dengan yang paling tidak larut di bagian bawah dan paling larut di bagian atas.<a href="#cite_note-indus-35">[35]</a> Deposit niter (<a href="/wiki/Kalium_nitrat" title="Kalium nitrat">kalium nitrat</a>) dibentuk oleh dekomposisi bahan organik yang bersentuhan dengan atmosfer, terutama di gua; karena kelarutan niter yang baik dalam air, pembentukan deposit yang lebih besar memerlukan kondisi lingkungan khusus.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peran_biologis">Peran biologis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Peran biologis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Peran biologis">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_dalam_biologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium dalam biologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kalium dalam biologi</a></div> Kalium adalah unsur kedelapan atau kesembilan yang paling umum dalam tubuh manusia berdasarkan massa (0,2%), sehingga 60 kg orang dewasa mengandung total sekitar 120 g kalium.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/Komposisi_tubuh_manusia" title="Komposisi tubuh manusia">Tubuh</a> memiliki kalium kira-kira sebanyak belerang dan klorin, dan hanya kalsium dan fosfor yang lebih banyak (kecuali unsur <a href="/w/index.php?title=CHON&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CHON (halaman belum tersedia)">CHON</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHON" class="extiw" title="en:CHON">en</a>] yang ada di mana-mana).<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Ion kalium hadir dalam berbagai macam protein dan enzim.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fungsi_biokimia">Fungsi biokimia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Fungsi biokimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Fungsi biokimia">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Tingkat kalium mempengaruhi beberapa proses fisiologis, termasuk<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <ul><li>mengistirahatkan potensi membran sel dan propagasi potensial aksi pada jaringan neuronal, otot, dan jantung. Karena sifat elektrostatik dan kimia, ion K+ lebih besar daripada ion Na+, maka saluran dan pompa ion di membran sel yang dapat membedakan antara kedua ion secara aktif memompa atau secara pasif melewatkan salah satu dari kedua ion tersebut sambil memblokir yang lain.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li> <li>sekresi dan aksi hormon</li> <li>nada vaskular</li> <li>kendali tekanan darah sistemik</li> <li>motilitas gastrointestinal</li> <li>homeostasis asam-basa</li> <li>metabolisme glukosa dan insulin</li> <li>aksi mineralokortikoid</li> <li>kemampuan ginjal berkonsentrasi</li> <li>keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Homeostasis">Homeostasis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Homeostasis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Homeostasis">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Homeostasis kalium menunjukkan pemeliharaan kandungan total kalium tubuh, kadar kalium plasma, dan rasio konsentrasi kalium ekstraseluler terhadap intraseluler dalam batas sempit, dalam menghadapi fluktuasi asupan (makanan), ekskresi ginjal, dan pergeseran antara kompartemen intraselular dan ekstraselular. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kadar_dalam_plasma">Kadar dalam plasma</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Kadar dalam plasma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kadar dalam plasma">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kalium plasma biasanya dipertahankan pada 3,5 sampai 5,0 milimol (mmol) [atau miliequivalents (mEq)] per liter melalui berbagai mekanisme. Keadaan di luar kisaran ini dikaitkan dengan banyak penyebab kenaikan tingkat kematian,<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> dan beberapa penyakit jantung, ginjal,<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> serta penyakit paru-paru berkembang lebih cepat jika kadar kalium serum tidak dipertahankan dalam kisaran normal. Makanan rata-rata memberi tubuh 40-50 mmol kalium, lebih banyak daripada yang ada di semua plasma (20-25 mmol). Namun, lonjakan ini hanya menyebabkan kalium plasma meningkat 10% paling banyak akibat pembersihan yang cepat dan efisien melalui mekanisme renal dan ekstra renal.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hipokalemia" title="Hipokalemia">Hipokalemia</a>, kekurangan kalium dalam plasma, bisa berakibat fatal jika parah. Penyebab umum peningkatan gastrintestinal loss (<a href="/wiki/Muntah" title="Muntah">muntah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diare" title="Diare">diare</a>), dan peningkatan renal loss (<a href="/wiki/Poliuria" title="Poliuria">diuresis</a>).<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Gejala defisiensi meliputi kelemahan otot, <a href="/wiki/Ileus" title="Ileus">ileus</a> paralitik, kelainan EKG, penurunan respon refleks; dan pada kasus yang parah, kelumpuhan pernapasan, <a href="/wiki/Alkalosis" title="Alkalosis">alkalosis</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Aritmia" title="Aritmia">aritmia</a> jantung.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mekanisme_pengendalian">Mekanisme pengendalian</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Mekanisme pengendalian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Mekanisme pengendalian">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kandungan kalium dalam plasma dikendalikan secara ketat oleh empat mekanisme dasar, yang memiliki berbagai nama dan klasifikasi. Keempatnya adalah 1) sistem umpan balik negatif reaktif, 2) sistem umpan maju reaktif, 3) sistem prediktif atau <a href="/wiki/Sirkadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirkadian">sirkadian</a>, dan 4) sistem transport internal atau membran sel. Secara kolektif, tiga yang pertama kadang-kadang disebut "sistem homeostasis kalium eksternal"; dan dua yang pertama disebut "sistem homeostasis kalium reaktif". <ul><li>Sistem umpan balik negatif reaktif mengacu pada sistem yang menginduksi sekresi kalium melalui ginjal sebagai respons terhadap peningkatan kalium plasma (konsumsi kalium, pergeseran ke luar sel, atau infus intravena).</li> <li>Sistem umpan maju reaktif mengacu pada sistem yang tidak diketahui secara lengkap yang menginduksi sekresi kalium ginjal sebagai respons terhadap konsumsi kalium sebelum terjadi kenaikan kalium plasma. Ini mungkin diinisiasi oleh reseptor kalium pada sel usus yang mendeteksi kalium yang dicerna dan memicu sinyal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serat_saraf_aferen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serat saraf aferen (halaman belum tersedia)">aferen</a> <a href="/wiki/Saraf_vagus" title="Saraf vagus">vagal</a> ke kelenjar pituitari.</li> <li>Sistem prediktif atau sirkadian meningkatkan sekresi kalium melalui ginjal selama waktu makan (misalnya siang hari untuk manusia, malam hari untuk hewan pengerat) terlepas dari keberadaan, jumlah, atau ketiadaan konsumsi kalium. Ini dimediasi oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osilator_sirkadian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osilator sirkadian (halaman belum tersedia)">osilator sirkadian</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/circadian_oscillator" class="extiw" title="en:circadian oscillator">en</a>] dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inti_suprakiasmatik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inti suprakiasmatik (halaman belum tersedia)">inti suprakiasmatik</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/suprachiasmatic_nucleus" class="extiw" title="en:suprachiasmatic nucleus">en</a>] otak (jam pusat), yang menyebabkan ginjal (jam perifer) mensekresikan kalium dalam sirkadian berirama ini.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Scheme_sodium-potassium_pump-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Scheme_sodium-potassium_pump-en.svg/400px-Scheme_sodium-potassium_pump-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Scheme_sodium-potassium_pump-en.svg/600px-Scheme_sodium-potassium_pump-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Scheme_sodium-potassium_pump-en.svg/800px-Scheme_sodium-potassium_pump-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption>Aksi pompa natrium-kalium adalah contoh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_aktif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport aktif (halaman belum tersedia)">transport aktif</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/active_transport" class="extiw" title="en:active transport">en</a>] primer. Dua protein pembawa yang tertanam di membran sel di sebelah kiri menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Adenosin_trifosfat" class="mw-redirect" title="Adenosin trifosfat">ATP</a> untuk memindahkan natrium keluar dari sel melawan gradien konsentrasi; Kedua protein di sebelah kanan menggunakan transport aktif sekunder untuk memindahkan kalium ke dalam sel: proses ini menghasilkan rekonstitusi ATP.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Sistem transport ion memindahkan kalium melintasi membran sel dengan menggunakan dua mekanisme. Mekanisme yang satu aktif dan memompa natrium keluar dari, dan kalium masuk ke dalam, sel. Mekanisme lainnya pasif dan memungkinkan kalium merembes keluar dari sel. Kation kalium dan natrium mempengaruhi distribusi cairan antara kompartemen intraselular dan ekstraselular melalui gaya <a href="/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis">osmotik</a>. Pergerakan kalium dan natrium melalui membran sel dimediasi oleh pompa <a href="/wiki/Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase" title="Na+/K+-ATPase">Na+/K+-ATPase</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transporter_ion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transporter ion (halaman belum tersedia)">Pompa ion</a> ini menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Adenosin_trifosfat" class="mw-redirect" title="Adenosin trifosfat">ATP</a> untuk memompa tiga ion natrium keluar dari sel dan dua ion kalium ke dalam sel, menciptakan gradien elektrokimia dan gaya gerak listrik melintasi membran sel. <a href="/wiki/Saluran_kalium" title="Saluran kalium">Saluran kalium</a> yang sangat selektif (yang berupa <a href="/wiki/Tetramer" title="Tetramer">tetramer</a>) sangat penting untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiperpolarisasi_(biologi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiperpolarisasi (biologi) (halaman belum tersedia)">hiperpolarisasi</a> di dalam <a href="/wiki/Neuron" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuron">neuron</a> setelah aksi potensial dipicu. Saluran ion kalium yang paling baru ditemukan adalah KirBac3.1, yang membuat total lima saluran ion kalium (KcsA, KirBac1.1, KirBac3.1, KvAP, dan MthK) dengan struktur yang ditentukan. Kelima berasal dari spesies <a href="/wiki/Prokariotik" class="mw-redirect" title="Prokariotik">prokariotik</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid16253415-63">[63]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penyaringan,_reabsorpsi,_dan_ekskresi_renal">Penyaringan, reabsorpsi, dan ekskresi renal</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Penyaringan, reabsorpsi, dan ekskresi renal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penyaringan, reabsorpsi, dan ekskresi renal">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Penanganan kalium oleh ginjal berhubungan erat dengan penanganan natrium. Kalium adalah kation utama (ion positif) di dalam sel hewan [150 mmol/L, (4,8 g)], sedangkan natrium adalah kation utama cairan ekstraselular [150 mmol/L, (3,345 g)]. Di dalam ginjal, sekitar 180 liter plasma per hari disaring melalui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glomerulus_(ginjal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glomerulus (ginjal) (halaman belum tersedia)">glomerulus</a> dan masuk ke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tubulus_ginjal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tubulus ginjal (halaman belum tersedia)">tubulus ginjal</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/renal_tubules" class="extiw" title="en:renal tubules">en</a>].<a href="#cite_note-Potts1964-64">[64]</a> Penyaringan ini melibatkan sekitar 600 g natrium dan 33 g kalium. Oleh karena hanya 1–10 g natrium dan 1–4 g kalium yang cenderung diganti melalui makanan, penyaringan ginjal harus secara efisien menyerap kembali yang tersisa dari plasma. Natrium direabsorpsi untuk mempertahankan volume ekstraselular, tekanan osmotik, dan konsentrasi natrium serum dalam batas sempit; kalium direabsorpsi untuk mempertahankan konsentrasi kalium serum dalam batas yang sempit.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pompa_natrium" class="mw-redirect" title="Pompa natrium">Pompa natrium</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_pump" class="extiw" title="en:Sodium pump">en</a>] di dalam tubulus ginjal beroperasi untuk menyerap kembali natrium. Kalium harus dipertahankan juga, tapi, karena jumlah kalium di dalam plasma darah sangat kecil dan kumpulan kalium dalam sel kira-kira tiga puluh kali lebih besar, situasinya tidak begitu kritis untuk kalium. Oleh karena kalium dipindahkan secara pasif<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> dengan arah aliran kebalikan dari natrium sebagai respons terhadap <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kesetimbangan_Donnan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kesetimbangan Donnan (halaman belum tersedia)">kesetimbangan Donnan</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donnan_equilibrium" class="extiw" title="en:Donnan equilibrium">en</a>] nyata (namun tidak aktual),<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> kalium urin tidak dapat di bawah konsentrasi kalium dalam serum kecuali kadang-kadang melalui sekresi air secara aktif pada akhir pengolahan. Kalium diekskresikan dua kali dan diserap kembali tiga kali sebelum urin mencapai tubulus pengumpul.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Pada titik tersebut, urin biasanya memiliki konsentrasi kalium yang sama dengan plasma. Pada akhir pengolahan, kalium disekresikan satu kali lagi jika kadar dalam serum terlalu tinggi. Tanpa adanya asupan, kalium diekskresikan sekitar 200 mg per hari sampai, dalam waktu sekitar seminggu, kalium dalam serum menurun ke tingkat defisiensi ringan 3,0–3,5 mmol/L.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Jika masih belum ada asupan, konsentrasinya terus menurun sampai terjadi defisiensi parah yang berujung pada kematian.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Kalium bergerak secara pasif melalui pori-pori membran sel. Ketika ion bergerak melalui pompa, ada sebuah gerbang pada pompa di kedua sisi selaput sel dan hanya satu gerbang yang dapat dibuka sekaligus. Akibatnya, sekitar 100 ion per detik dipaksa melaluinya. Pori-pori hanya memiliki satu gerbang, dan hanya ada satu jenis ion yang dapat mengalir melaluinya, pada 10 juta sampai 100 juta ion per detik.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Pori-pori memerlukan kalsium untuk membuka<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> meskipun diperkirakan kalsium bekerja terbalik dengan menghalangi setidaknya satu pori-pori.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Gugus karbonil di dalam pori-pori asam amino meniru hidrasi air yang terjadi dalam larutan air<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> melalui sifat muatan elektrostatik pada empat gugus karbonil di dalam pori-pori.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dalam_makanan">Dalam makanan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Dalam makanan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Dalam makanan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Deteksi_oleh_kuncup_rasa">Deteksi oleh kuncup rasa</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Deteksi oleh kuncup rasa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Deteksi oleh kuncup rasa">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kalium dapat dideteksi berdasarkan rasanya karena memicu tiga dari lima jenis sensasi rasa, sesuai konsentrasinya. Larutan encer ion kalium terasa manis, memungkinkan konsentrasi sedang dalam susu dan jus, sementara konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi menjadi semakin pahit/basa, dan akhirnya juga berasa asin. Gabungan rasa pahit dan asin larutan tinggi kalium membuat suplementasi kalium dosis tinggi melalui minuman cair merupakan tantangan dalam penyajian rasa.<a href="#cite_note-bitter-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sumber_makanan">Sumber makanan</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Sumber makanan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sumber makanan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Asupan kalium yang <a href="/wiki/Angka_Kecukupan_Gizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Angka Kecukupan Gizi">mencukupi</a> bisa diperoleh dengan mengonsumsi berbagai macam makanan. Kalium hadir di semua buah, sayuran, daging dan ikan. Makanan dengan konsentrasi kalium tinggi meliputi <a href="/wiki/Ubi_jalar" title="Ubi jalar">ubi jalar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peterseli" title="Peterseli">peterseli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aprikot" class="mw-redirect" title="Aprikot">aprikot</a> kering, <a href="/wiki/Susu" title="Susu">susu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cokelat" title="Cokelat">cokelat</a>, semua <a href="/wiki/Kacang" title="Kacang">kacang</a> (terutama kacang <a href="/wiki/Almond" class="mw-redirect" title="Almond">almond</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pistacio" class="mw-redirect" title="Pistacio">pistacio</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kentang" title="Kentang">kentang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rebung" title="Rebung">rebung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pisang" title="Pisang">pisang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alpukat" title="Alpukat">alpukat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_kelapa" title="Air kelapa">air kelapa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kedelai" title="Kedelai">kedelai</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Bekatul" title="Bekatul">bekatul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Aprikot kering memiliki konsentrasi kalium paling tinggi dari makanan apapun. Banyak makanan olahan tidak mengandung kalium. <a href="/wiki/Departemen_Pertanian_Amerika_Serikat" title="Departemen Pertanian Amerika Serikat">USDA</a> mencantumkan <a href="/wiki/Pasta_tomat" title="Pasta tomat">pasta tomat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jus_jeruk" class="mw-redirect" title="Jus jeruk">jus jeruk</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayuran_bit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sayuran bit (halaman belum tersedia)">sayuran bit</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beetroot" class="extiw" title="en:Beetroot">en</a>], <a href="/wiki/Buncis_putih" class="mw-redirect" title="Buncis putih">buncis putih</a> (white bean), <a href="/wiki/Kentang" title="Kentang">kentang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pisang" title="Pisang">pisang</a> dan banyak sumber makanan kalium lainnya, diurutkan menurut urutan sesuai kandungan kalium mulai dari yang tertinggi hingga terendah.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asupan_yang_memadai">Asupan yang memadai</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Asupan yang memadai" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Asupan yang memadai">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Pedoman 2004 dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Academy_of_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Academy of Medicine (halaman belum tersedia)">National Academy of Medicine</a> menentukan <a href="/wiki/Angka_Kecukupan_Gizi" class="mw-redirect" title="Angka Kecukupan Gizi">asupan yang memadai</a> sebesar 4.700 mg kalium (100 mEq). Kebanyakan orang Amerika hanya mengkonsumsi setengah dari jumlah tersebut per harinya.<a href="#cite_note-iom_panel2005-81">[81]</a> Demikian juga, di <a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a>, khususnya di <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, asupan kalium yang tidak mencukupi agak umum terjadi.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Namun, British National Health Service merekomendasikan asupan yang lebih rendah, dengan mengatakan bahwa orang dewasa membutuhkan 3.500 mg per hari dan lebih dari jumlah tersebut dapat menyebabkan masalah kesehatan seperti sakit perut dan diare.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meta-analisis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meta-analisis (halaman belum tersedia)">meta-analisis</a> menyimpulkan bahwa peningkatan 1640 mg dalam asupan kalium harian dikaitkan dengan penurunan risiko stroke sebesar 21%.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalium_klorida" title="Kalium klorida">Kalium klorida</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_bikarbonat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium bikarbonat (halaman belum tersedia)">kalium bikarbonat</a> berguna untuk mengendalikan <a href="/wiki/Hipertensi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hipertensi">hipertensi</a> ringan.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kekurangan_asupan">Kekurangan asupan</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Kekurangan asupan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kekurangan asupan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Diet rendah kalium dapat menyebabkan <a href="/wiki/Hipertensi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hipertensi">hipertensi</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hipokalemia" title="Hipokalemia">hipokalemia</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suplementasi">Suplementasi</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Suplementasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Suplementasi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Suplemen kalium paling banyak digunakan bersamaan dengan <a href="/wiki/Diuretik" title="Diuretik">diuretik</a> yang menghalangi reabsorpsi natrium dan air hulu dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tubulus_distal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tubulus distal (halaman belum tersedia)">tubulus distal</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/distal_tubule" class="extiw" title="en:distal tubule">en</a>] (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiazida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiazida (halaman belum tersedia)">tiazida</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/thiazide" class="extiw" title="en:thiazide">en</a>] dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diuretik_lengkung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diuretik lengkung (halaman belum tersedia)">diuretik lengkung</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/loop_diuretics" class="extiw" title="en:loop diuretics">en</a>]), karena ini mendorong peningkatan sekresi kalium tubulus distal, yang berakibat pada peningkatan ekskresi kalium. Tersedia berbagai resep dan suplemen bebas (over the counter, OTC). Kalium klorida dapat dilarutkan dalam air, namun rasa asin/pahit membuat suplemen cair tidak enak.<a href="#cite_note-bitter-77">[77]</a> Dosis tipikal berkisar antara 10 mmol (400 mg), sampai 20 mmol (800 mg). Kalium juga tersedia dalam bentuk tablet atau kapsul, yang diformulasikan untuk memungkinkan kalium meleleh perlahan keluar dari matriks, karena konsentrasi ion kalium yang sangat tinggi yang terdapat di sekitar tablet padat dapat melukai mukosa lambung atau usus. Berdasarkan alasan ini, pil kalium non-resep dibatasi oleh undang-undang di AS hingga maksimum 99 mg kalium. Oleh karena ginjal adalah tempat ekskresi kalium, individu dengan gangguan fungsi ginjal berisiko terkena <a href="/wiki/Hiperkalemia" title="Hiperkalemia">hiperkalemia</a> jika kalium dan suplemen diet tidak dibatasi. Semakin parah kerusakannya, semakin ketat pembatasan yang diperlukan untuk menghindari hiperkalemia. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produksi_komersial">Produksi komersial</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Produksi komersial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Produksi komersial">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pertambangan">Pertambangan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Sunting bagian: Pertambangan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=24" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pertambangan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Museo_de_La_Plata_-_Silvita.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Museo_de_La_Plata_-_Silvita.jpg/220px-Museo_de_La_Plata_-_Silvita.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Museo_de_La_Plata_-_Silvita.jpg/330px-Museo_de_La_Plata_-_Silvita.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Museo_de_La_Plata_-_Silvita.jpg/440px-Museo_de_La_Plata_-_Silvita.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2075" data-file-height="1383" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Silvit" title="Silvit">Silvit</a> dari New Mexico</figcaption></figure> Garam kalium seperti <a href="/wiki/Karnalit" title="Karnalit">karnalit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langbeinit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langbeinit (halaman belum tersedia)">langbeinit</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/langbeinite" class="extiw" title="en:langbeinite">en</a>], <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polihalit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polihalit (halaman belum tersedia)">polihalit</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/polyhalite" class="extiw" title="en:polyhalite">en</a>], dan <a href="/wiki/Silvit" title="Silvit">silvit</a> membentuk endapan <a href="/wiki/Evaporit" title="Evaporit">evaporit</a> yang luas di dasar danau purba dan <a href="/wiki/Dasar_laut" title="Dasar laut">dasar laut</a>,<a href="#cite_note-geo-34">[34]</a> membuat ekstraksi garam kalium di lingkungan ini layak secara komersial. Sumber utama kalium – <a href="/wiki/Potas" class="mw-redirect" title="Potas">potas</a> – ditambang di <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerman" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a>, dan tempat-tempat lain di seluruh dunia.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-USGSCS2008-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-USGSYB2006-89">[89]</a> Deposit yang ditambang pertama kalu berada di dekat Staßfurt, Jerman, namun simpanannya membentang dari <a href="/wiki/Inggris_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Inggris Raya">Inggris Raya</a>, melalui Jerman hingga Polandia. Mereka berada di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zechstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zechstein (halaman belum tersedia)">Zechstein</a> dan tertimbun sejak zaman <a href="/wiki/Permian" class="mw-redirect" title="Permian">Permian</a> Tengah hingga Permian Akhir. Deposit terbesar yang pernah ditemukan terletak 1.000 m (3.300 ft) di bawah permukaan provinsi <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> Kanada. Deposit tersebut terletak di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elk_Point_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elk Point Group (halaman belum tersedia)">Elk Point Group</a> yang dihasilkan pada zaman <a href="/wiki/Devon_(periode)" class="mw-redirect" title="Devon (periode)">Devon Tengah</a>. Saskatchewan, lokasi beberapa tambang besar telah beroperasi sejak tahun 1960an, mempelopori teknik pembekuan pasir basah (formasi Blairmore) untuk mendorong poros tambang melaluinya. Perusahaan pertambangan potas utama di Saskatchewan adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potash_Corporation_of_Saskatchewan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan (halaman belum tersedia)">Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Air <a href="/wiki/Laut_Mati" title="Laut Mati">Laut Mati</a> digunakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a> sebagai sumber kalium, sementara konsentrasi di lautan normal terlalu rendah untuk produksi komersial dengan harga berlaku.<a href="#cite_note-USGSCS2008-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-USGSYB2006-89">[89]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Wintershall_Monte_Kali_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Wintershall_Monte_Kali_12.jpg/220px-Wintershall_Monte_Kali_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Wintershall_Monte_Kali_12.jpg/330px-Wintershall_Monte_Kali_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Wintershall_Monte_Kali_12.jpg/440px-Wintershall_Monte_Kali_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monte_Kali_(Heringen)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monte Kali (Heringen) (halaman belum tersedia)">Monte Kali</a>, timbunan limbah pertambangan dan benefisiasi di <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse, Jerman</a>, sebagian besar terdiri dari <a href="/wiki/Natrium_klorida" title="Natrium klorida">natrium klorida</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekstraksi_kimia">Ekstraksi kimia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Sunting bagian: Ekstraksi kimia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=25" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ekstraksi kimia">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Beberapa metode digunakan untuk memisahkan garam kalium dari senyawa natrium dan magnesium. Metode yang paling banyak digunakan adalah presipitasi fraksional dengan menggunakan perbedaan kelarutan garam-garamnya pada suhu yang berbeda. Pemisahan elektrostatik campuran garam tanah juga digunakan di beberapa tambang. Sampah natrium dan magnesium yang dihasilkan disimpan di bawah tanah atau ditumpuk di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumpukan_terak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tumpukan terak (halaman belum tersedia)">tumpukan terak</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/slag_heap" class="extiw" title="en:slag heap">en</a>]. Sebagian besar mineral kalium yang ditambang setelah diproses berakhir sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kalium_klorida" title="Kalium klorida">kalium klorida</a>. Industri mineral mengacu pada kalium klorida baik sebagai potas maupun muriate of potash, disingkat MOP.<a href="#cite_note-indus-35">[35]</a> Logam kalium murni dapat diisolasi dengan <a href="/wiki/Elektrolisis" title="Elektrolisis">elektrolisis</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalium_hidroksida" title="Kalium hidroksida">hidroksidanya</a> dalam proses yang telah sedikit berubah sejak pertama kali digunakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> pada tahun 1807. Meskipun proses elektrolisis dikembangkan dan digunakan dalam skala industri pada tahun 1920an, metode termal dengan mereaksikan natrium dengan <a href="/wiki/Kalium_klorida" title="Kalium klorida">kalium klorida</a> dalam reaksi kesetimbangan kimia menjadi metode dominan pada tahun 1950an. Produksi <a href="/w/index.php?title=NaK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NaK (halaman belum tersedia)">paduan natrium kalium</a> dilakukan dengan mengubah waktu reaksi dan jumlah natrium yang digunakan dalam reaksi. Proses Griesheimer yang menggunakan reaksi <a href="/wiki/Kalium_fluorida" title="Kalium fluorida">kalium fluorida</a> dengan <a href="/wiki/Kalsium_karbida" title="Kalsium karbida">kalsium karbida</a> juga digunakan untuk menghasilkan kalium.<a href="#cite_note-indus-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na{}+KCl->NaCl{}+K\qquad {(Metode\ termal)}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>KCl</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mtext>NaCl</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mtext>K</mtext> <mspace width="2em" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>Metode</mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext>termal</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na{}+KCl->NaCl{}+K\qquad {(Metode\ termal)}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1d41cf0c924d4cd90b92b7df62174abf7e932160" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:46.038ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na{}+KCl->NaCl{}+K\qquad {(Metode\ termal)}}}}"></dd> <dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2KF{}+CaC2->2K{}+CaF2{}+2C\qquad {(Proses\ Griesheimer)}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>KF</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CaC</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>K</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>CaF</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mtext>C</mtext> <mspace width="2em" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>Proses</mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext>Griesheimer</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2KF{}+CaC2->2K{}+CaF2{}+2C\qquad {(Proses\ Griesheimer)}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c450ec0d34e7719d14b70d72679291b6be6a801a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:61.803ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2KF{}+CaC2->2K{}+CaF2{}+2C\qquad {(Proses\ Griesheimer)}}}}"></dd></dl> Harga logam kalium <a href="/wiki/Pereaksi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pereaksi">berderajat kemurnian pereaksi</a> bernilai sekitar $10,00/<a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pound (mass)">pound</a> ($22/<a href="/wiki/Kg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kg">kg</a>) pada tahun 2010 saat dibeli dengan satuan <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">ton</a>. Logam dengan kemurnian lebih rendah jauh lebih murah. Pasar bergejolak karena penyimpanan logam ini dalam jangka panjang sulit dilakukan. Ia harus disimpan dalam atmosfer <a href="/wiki/Gas_lembam" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas lembam">gas lembam</a> kering atau <a href="/wiki/Minyak_mineral" title="Minyak mineral">minyak mineral</a> <a href="/wiki/Anhidrat" title="Anhidrat">anhidrat</a> untuk mencegah pembentukan lapisan permukaan <a href="/wiki/Kalium_superoksida" title="Kalium superoksida">kalium superoksida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahan_peledak" title="Bahan peledak">bahan peledak</a> peka tekanan yang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Detonasi_(bahan_peledak)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Detonasi (bahan peledak) (halaman belum tersedia)">meledak</a> saat tergores. Ledakan yang dihasilkan sering kali mulai memadamkan api yang sulit dipadamkan. Ledakan yang dihasilkan sering kali menyulut api yang sulit dipadamkan.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-fire-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penggunaan_komersial">Penggunaan komersial</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Sunting bagian: Penggunaan komersial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=26" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggunaan komersial">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pupuk">Pupuk</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Sunting bagian: Pupuk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=27" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pupuk">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Patentkali_(Potassium_sulfate_with_magnesium).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Patentkali_%28Potassium_sulfate_with_magnesium%29.jpg/220px-Patentkali_%28Potassium_sulfate_with_magnesium%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Patentkali_%28Potassium_sulfate_with_magnesium%29.jpg/330px-Patentkali_%28Potassium_sulfate_with_magnesium%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Patentkali_%28Potassium_sulfate_with_magnesium%29.jpg/440px-Patentkali_%28Potassium_sulfate_with_magnesium%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1316" data-file-height="1386" /></a><figcaption>Pupuk kalium sulfat/magnesium sulfat</figcaption></figure> Ion kalium merupakan komponen penting nutrisi <a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan">tumbuhan</a> dan ditemukan pada kebanyakan jenis <a href="/wiki/Tanah" title="Tanah">tanah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-g73-8">[8]</a> Mereka digunakan sebagai <a href="/wiki/Pupuk" title="Pupuk">pupuk</a> untuk <a href="/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian">pertanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hortikultura" title="Hortikultura">hortikultura</a>, dan budidaya <a href="/wiki/Hidroponik" title="Hidroponik">hidroponik</a> dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Kalium_klorida" title="Kalium klorida">klorida</a> (KCl), <a href="/wiki/Kalium_sulfat" title="Kalium sulfat">sulfat</a> (K2SO4), atau <a href="/wiki/Kalium_nitrat" title="Kalium nitrat">nitrat</a> (KNO3). Pupuk pertanian mengkonsumsi 95% produksi kalium global, dan sekitar 90% kalium ini dipasok sebagai KCl.<a href="#cite_note-g73-8">[8]</a> Kandungan kalium dalam sebagian besar tanaman berkisar antara 0,5% sampai 2% dari berat panen, yang dinyatakan secara konvensional sebagai jumlah K2O. Pertanian modern dengan <a href="/wiki/Hasil_usaha_tani" title="Hasil usaha tani">rendemen</a> tinggi bergantung pada pupuk untuk menggantikan kalium yang hilang saat panen. Sebagian besar pupuk pertanian mengandung kalium klorida, sedangkan kalium sulfat digunakan untuk tanaman peka klorida atau tanaman yang membutuhkan kandungan sulfur lebih tinggi. Sulfat sebagian besar dihasilkan oleh dekomposisi mineral <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kainit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kainit (halaman belum tersedia)">kainit</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/kainite" class="extiw" title="en:kainite">en</a>] (MgSO4·KCl·3H2O) dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Langbeinit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langbeinit (halaman belum tersedia)">langbeinit</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/langbeinite" class="extiw" title="en:langbeinite">en</a>] (MgSO4·K2SO4). Sangat sedikit pupuk yang mengandung kalium nitrat.<a href="#cite_note-Kent-94">[94]</a> Pada tahun 2005, sekitar 93% produksi kalium dunia dikonsumsi oleh industri pupuk.<a href="#cite_note-USGSYB2006-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahan_tambahan_pangan">Bahan tambahan pangan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Sunting bagian: Bahan tambahan pangan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=28" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bahan tambahan pangan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kalium natrium tartrat (KNaC4H4O6, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_natrium_tartrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium natrium tartrat (halaman belum tersedia)">garam Rochelle</a>) adalah penyusun utama <a href="/wiki/Baking_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Baking powder">baking powder</a>; zat ini juga digunakan pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemerakan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemerakan (halaman belum tersedia)">pemerakan</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/silvering" class="extiw" title="en:silvering">en</a>] cermin. <a href="/wiki/Kalium_bromat" title="Kalium bromat">Kalium bromat</a> (KBrO3) adalah oksidator kuat (E924), digunakan untuk meningkatkan kekuatan adonan dan meningkatkan tinggi adonan saat mengembang. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_bisulfit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium bisulfit (halaman belum tersedia)">Kalium bisulfit</a> (KHSO3) digunakan sebagai pengawet makanan, misalnya dalam pembuatan <a href="/wiki/Wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine">wine</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bir" title="Bir">bir</a> (tapi tidak untuk daging). Senyawa ini juga digunakan untuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemutihan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemutihan (halaman belum tersedia)">memutihkan</a> tekstil dan jerami, dan dalam penyamakan <a href="/wiki/Kulit_(produk_hewan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kulit (produk hewan)">kulit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industri">Industri</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Sunting bagian: Industri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=29" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Industri">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Bahan kimia utama kalium adalah kalium hidroksida, kalium karbonat, kalium sulfat, dan kalium klorida. Jutaan ton senyawa ini diproduksi setiap tahunnya.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalium_hidroksida" title="Kalium hidroksida">Kalium hidroksida</a> (KOH) adalah basa kuat, yang digunakan dalam industri untuk menetralisir <a href="/wiki/Asam" title="Asam">asam</a> kuat dan lemah, untuk mengendalikan <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> dan untuk pembuatan <a href="/wiki/Garam_(kimia)" title="Garam (kimia)">garam</a> kalium. Basa ini juga digunakan untuk <a href="/wiki/Saponifikasi" title="Saponifikasi">menyabunkan</a> <a href="/wiki/Lemak" title="Lemak">lemak</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Minyak" title="Minyak">minyak</a>, dalam pembersih industri, dan dalam reaksi <a href="/wiki/Hidrolisis" title="Hidrolisis">hidrolisis</a>, misalnya untuk <a href="/wiki/Ester" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ester">ester</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalium_nitrat" title="Kalium nitrat">Kalium nitrat</a> (KNO) atau saltpeter diperoleh dari sumber alami seperti <a href="/wiki/Guano" title="Guano">guano</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Evaporit" title="Evaporit">evaporit</a> atau diproduksi melalui <a href="/wiki/Proses_Haber" title="Proses Haber">proses Haber</a>; senyawa ini adalah <a href="/wiki/Oksidator" title="Oksidator">oksidator</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Bubuk_mesiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bubuk mesiu">bubuk mesiu</a> dan merupakan pupuk pertanian penting. <a href="/wiki/Kalium_sianida" title="Kalium sianida">Kalium sianida</a> (KCN) digunakan dalam industri untuk melarutkan <a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">tembaga</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Logam_berharga" title="Logam berharga">logam berharga</a>, terutama <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">perak</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a>, melalui pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Kompleks_(kimia)" title="Kompleks (kimia)">kompleks</a>. Aplikasinya meliputi <a href="/wiki/Penambangan_emas" title="Penambangan emas">penambangan emas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyepuhan_elektrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyepuhan elektrik (halaman belum tersedia)">penyepuhan elektrik</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electroplating" class="extiw" title="en:electroplating">en</a>], dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electroforming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electroforming (halaman belum tersedia)">electroforming</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electroforming" class="extiw" title="en:electroforming">en</a>] <a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">logam-logam</a> ini. Kalium nitrat juga digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Sintesis_organik" title="Sintesis organik">sintesis organik</a> untuk membuat <a href="/wiki/Nitril" title="Nitril">nitril</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kalium_karbonat" title="Kalium karbonat">Kalium karbonat</a> (K2CO3 atau potas) digunakan dalam pabrikasi kaca, sabun, tabung televisi berwarna, lampu fluoresensi, pewarna tekstil dan pigmen.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalium_permanganat" title="Kalium permanganat">Kalium permanganat</a> (KMnO4) adalah oksidator, zat pemutih dan pemurni, serta digunakan untuk produksi <a href="/wiki/Sakarin" title="Sakarin">sakarin</a>. Kalium klorat (KClO3) ditambahkan pada korek api dan bahan peledak. <a href="/wiki/Kalium_bromida" title="Kalium bromida">Kalium bromida</a> (KBr) pernah digunakan sebagai sedatif dan dalam fotografi.<a href="#cite_note-g73-8">[8]</a> Kalium kromat (K2CrO4) digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Tinta" title="Tinta">tinta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahan_pewarna" title="Bahan pewarna">pewarna</a> (warna merah kekuningan cerah); dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahan_peledak" title="Bahan peledak">bahan peledak</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kembang_api" title="Kembang api">kembang api</a>; dalam penyamakan kulit, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kertas_lalat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kertas lalat (halaman belum tersedia)">kertas lalat</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_paper" class="extiw" title="en:Fly paper">en</a>] dan <a href="/wiki/Korek_api" title="Korek api">korek api</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> tetapi semua kegunaan ini lebih dikarenakan sifat kimia dari ion <a href="/wiki/Kromat_dan_dikromat" title="Kromat dan dikromat">kromat</a>, daripada ion kalium.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penggunaan_ceruk">Penggunaan ceruk</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Sunting bagian: Penggunaan ceruk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=30" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggunaan ceruk">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Terdapat ratusan penggunaan beragan senyawa kalium. Salah satu contohnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Kalium_superoksida" title="Kalium superoksida">kalium superoksida</a>, KO2, suatu padatan jingga yang bertindak selaku sumber <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a> portable dan penyerap <a href="/wiki/Karbon_dioksida" title="Karbon dioksida">karbon dioksida</a>. Ia banyak digunakan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_napas_ulang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem napas ulang (halaman belum tersedia)">sistem pernapasan</a> di tambang, kapal selam, dan wahana antariksa karena membutuhkan volume yang lebih sedikit daripada gas oksigen.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {4KO2 + 2CO2 -> 2K2CO3 + 3O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>KO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>K</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {4KO2 + 2CO2 -> 2K2CO3 + 3O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e96016e42ff18414e2557013d1fc693dddbf5971" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:36.451ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {4KO2 + 2CO2 -> 2K2CO3 + 3O2}}}"></dd></dl> Contoh lain adalah kalium kobaltnitrit, K3[Co(NO2)6], yang digunakan sebagai pigmen lukis di bawah nama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aureolin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aureolin (halaman belum tersedia)">Aureolin</a> atau Kobalt Kuning.<a href="#cite_note-Getts-105">[105]</a> Isotop kalium stabil dapat <a href="/wiki/Pendinginan_laser" title="Pendinginan laser">didinginkan dengan laser</a> dan digunakan untuk menelusuri masalah fundamental dan <a href="/wiki/Teknologi_kuantum" title="Teknologi kuantum">teknologi</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">fisika kuantum</a>. Dua isotop <a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">bosonik</a> memiliki <a href="/wiki/Resonansi_Feshbach" title="Resonansi Feshbach">resonansi Feshbach</a> yang mudah digunakan untuk memungkinkan studi yang memerlukan interaksi yang mudah berubah, sementara 40K adalah satu dari dua <a href="/wiki/Fermion" title="Fermion">fermion</a> stabil di antara <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">logam alkali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penggunaan_laboratorium">Penggunaan laboratorium</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Sunting bagian: Penggunaan laboratorium" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=31" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggunaan laboratorium">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Suatu <a href="/wiki/Logam_paduan" title="Logam paduan">paduan</a> natrium dan kalium, <a href="/w/index.php?title=NaK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NaK (halaman belum tersedia)">NaK</a>, adalah cairan yang digunakan sebagai media transfer bahang dan <a href="/wiki/Desikan" title="Desikan">desikan</a> untuk membuat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknik_bebas_udara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknik bebas udara (halaman belum tersedia)">pelarut kering dan bebas udara</a>. Paduan ini dapat pula digunakan dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Distilasi_reaktif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distilasi reaktif (halaman belum tersedia)">distilasi reaktif</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive_distillation" class="extiw" title="en:Reactive distillation">en</a>].<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Logam paduan terner yang tersusun dari 12% Na, 47% K dan 41% Cs memiliki titik lebur terendah di antara semua senyawa logam yaitu −78 °C.<a href="#cite_note-g76-15">[15]</a> Logam kalium digunakan dalam beberapa jenis <a href="/wiki/Magnetometer" title="Magnetometer">magnetometer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tindakan_pencegahan">Tindakan pencegahan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Sunting bagian: Tindakan pencegahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=32" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tindakan pencegahan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Potassium_water_20.theora.ogv/220px--Potassium_water_20.theora.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="6" data-mwtitle="Potassium_water_20.theora.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Berkas:Potassium_water_20.theora.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Potassium_water_20.theora.ogv/Potassium_water_20.theora.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Potassium_water_20.theora.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Potassium_water_20.theora.ogv/Potassium_water_20.theora.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Potassium_water_20.theora.ogv/Potassium_water_20.theora.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Potassium_water_20.theora.ogv/Potassium_water_20.theora.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Reaksi logam kalium dengan air. Dihasilkan hidrogen, dan dengan uap kalium, terbakar dengan warna nyala merah muda atau lilak. Basa kuat kalium hidroksida terbentuk dalam larutan.</figcaption></figure> Logam kalium bereaksi hebat dengan air menghasilkan <a href="/wiki/Kalium_hidroksida" title="Kalium hidroksida">kalium hidroksida</a> (KOH) dan gas <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a>.<blockquote><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {2K_{(s)}{}+ 2H2O_{(l)}-> 2KOH_{(aq)}{}+ H2_{(g)}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>K</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>s</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>l</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>KOH</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>aq</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>g</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {2K_{(s)}{}+ 2H2O_{(l)}-> 2KOH_{(aq)}{}+ H2_{(g)}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f3882a9feeb1ee4542881a8e64536c6c0412d664" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.505ex; width:39.427ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {2K_{(s)}{}+ 2H2O_{(l)}-> 2KOH_{(aq)}{}+ H2_{(g)}}}}"></blockquote>Reaksi ini bersifat eksotermik dan melepaskan panas yang cukup untuk membakar hidrogen yang dihasilkan dengan adanya oksigen, kemungkinan menyebabkan percikan dengan <a href="/wiki/Kalium_hidroksida" title="Kalium hidroksida">kalium hidroksida</a>, yang merupakan <a href="/wiki/Basa" title="Basa">basa</a> kuat yang dapat menghancurkan jaringan hidup dan menyebabkan luka bakar pada kulit. Butiran halus kalium dapat menyala di udara pada suhu ruang. Logam curah dapat terbakar di udara jika dipanaskan. Oleh karena massa jenisnya hanya 0,89 g/cm3, kalium yang terapung terbakar di air yang terpapar oksigen atmosfer. Banyak zat pemadam api umum, termasuk air, yang tidak efektif atau memperparah kebakaran kalium. <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natrium_klorida" title="Natrium klorida">natrium klorida</a> (garam dapur), <a href="/wiki/Natrium_karbonat" title="Natrium karbonat">natrium karbonat</a> (soda abu), dan <a href="/wiki/Silikon_dioksida" title="Silikon dioksida">silikon dioksida</a> (pasir) adalah pemadam api yang efektif jika kering. Beberapa bubuk pemadam kering <a href="/wiki/Pemadam_api" title="Pemadam api">kelas D</a> yang dirancang untuk kebakaran logam juga efektif. Zat-zat ini mencabut oksigen dari api dan mendinginkan logam kalium.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Kalium bereaksi hebat dengan <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogen</a> dan meledak dengan adanya <a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">bromin</a>. Ia juga bereaksi eksplosif dengan <a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">asam sulfat</a>. Selama pembakaran, kalium membentuk peroksida dan superoksida. Peroksida-peroksida ini dapat bereaksi hebat dengan <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_organik" title="Senyawa organik">senyawa organik</a> seperti minyak. Baik peroksida dan superoksida dapat bereaksi eksplosif dengan logam kalium.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Kalium biasanya disimpan di dalam minyak tanah atau minyak mineral anhidrat, karena ia bereaksi dengan uap air di udara. Tidak seperti <a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">litium</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natrium</a>, bagaimanapun, kalium tidak seharusnya disimpan dalam minyak lebih dari 6 bulan, kecuali dalam kondisi atmosfer lembam (bebas oksigen), atau hampa udara. Setelah disimpan lama di udara, peroksida yang peka goncangan dapat terbentuk pada permukaan logam dan di bawah bibir wadah, dan dapat meledak saat dibuka.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Oleh karena sifat logam kalium yang reaktif, ia harus ditangani dengan kehatihatian tinggi, dengan pelindung kulit dan mata yang memadai serta penghalang tahan ledakan antara pengguna dan logam. Senyawa kalium yang tertelan dalam jumlah besar dapat menyebabkan <a href="/wiki/Hiperkalemia" title="Hiperkalemia">hiperkalemia</a> yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap sistem kardiovaskuler.<a href="#cite_note-hyper-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Kalium klorida digunakan di <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> untuk eksekusi <a href="/wiki/Suntik_mati" title="Suntik mati">suntik mati</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hyper-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=33" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat juga">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14985869">.mw-parser-output .subjectbar{background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:88%}</style><table role="presentation" class="subjectbar noprint metadata plainlist"><tbody><tr><td style="width:220px"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Buku" title="Wikipedia:Buku">Buku</a> Lihat atau urutkan koleksi artikel</td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/30px-Office-book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book:Kalium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book:Kalium (halaman belum tersedia)">Kalium</a></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/30px-Office-book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book:Unsur_periode_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book:Unsur periode 4 (halaman belum tersedia)">Unsur periode 4</a></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/30px-Office-book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Book:Logam_alkali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book:Logam alkali (halaman belum tersedia)">Logam alkali</a></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/30px-Office-book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /><a href="/wiki/Book:Unsur_kimia_(urut_abjad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Book:Unsur kimia (urut abjad)">Unsur kimia (urut abjad)</a></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/30px-Office-book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /><a href="/wiki/Book:Unsur_kimia_(urut_nomor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Book:Unsur kimia (urut nomor)">Unsur kimia (urut nomor)</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td style="width:220px"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a> Akses topik terkait</td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:P_science_blue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_science_blue.svg/29px-P_science_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_science_blue.svg/44px-P_science_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/P_science_blue.svg/58px-P_science_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="371" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kimia" title="Portal:Kimia">Portal kimia</a></li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Esculaap4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/20px-Esculaap4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/30px-Esculaap4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/40px-Esculaap4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kedokteran" title="Portal:Kedokteran">Portal kedokteran</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><hr /></td></tr><tr><td style="width:220px">Temukan informasi lain di <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proyek_saudari_Wikimedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Proyek saudari Wikimedia">proyek saudari Wikimedia</a></td><td style="text-align:left"><ul><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Kalium" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Kalium">Berkas dan media</a> dari Commons</li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/30px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/45px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/potassium#bahasa_Inggris" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/potassium">Definisi</a> dari Wiktionary</li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/30px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/45px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Wikijunior:The_Elements/Potassium" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Wikijunior:The Elements/Potassium">Buku teks</a> dari Wikibooks</li><li style="float:left;margin-left:0.3em;height:3.6em"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/30px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/45px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/60px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Potassium_atom" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/Potassium atom">Sumber pembelajaran</a> dari Wikiversity</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=34" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> (Indonesia) <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/kalium">"Kalium"</a>. KBBI Daring. Diakses tanggal 17 Juli 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KBBI+Daring&rft.atitle=Kalium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkbbi.kemdikbud.go.id%2Fentri%2Fkalium&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). <a href="/wiki/CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a> (edisi ke-92). Boca Raton, FL: <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. hlm. 4.122. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1439855110" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1439855110">1439855110</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+FL&rft.pages=4.122&rft.edition=92&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=1439855110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds</a>, in <cite class="citation book">Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (edisi ke-86). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0486-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0486-5">0-8493-0486-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton+%28FL%29&rft.edition=86&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8493-0486-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. hlm. E110. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0464-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0464-4">0-8493-0464-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC%2C+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pages=E110&rft.pub=Chemical+Rubber+Company+Publishing&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8493-0464-4&rft.aulast=Weast&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-seawaterconcentration-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-seawaterconcentration_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-seawaterconcentration_5-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal">Webb, D. A. (April 1939). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/16/2/178.full.pdf">"The Sodium and Potassium Content of Sea Water"</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Journal_of_Experimental_Biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Journal of Experimental Biology (halaman belum tersedia)">The Journal of Experimental Biology</a> (2): 183.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=The+Sodium+and+Potassium+Content+of+Sea+Water&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=183&rft.date=1939-04&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=D.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjeb.biologists.org%2Fcontent%2Fjexbio%2F16%2F2%2F178.full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Anthoni, J. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seafriends.org.nz/oceano/seawater.htm">"Detailed composition of seawater at 3.5% salinity"</a>. seafriends.org.nz. Diakses tanggal 2011-09-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=seafriends.org.nz&rft.atitle=Detailed+composition+of+seawater+at+3.5%25+salinity&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Anthoni&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seafriends.org.nz%2Foceano%2Fseawater.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-1702Suspect-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1702Suspect_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1702Suspect_7-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Marggraf, Andreas Siegmund (1761). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b-ATAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA167">Chymische Schriften</a>. hlm. 167.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chymische+Schriften&rft.pages=167&rft.date=1761&rft.aulast=Marggraf&rft.aufirst=Andreas+Siegmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db-ATAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-g73-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g73_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-g73_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-g73_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-g73_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-g73_8-4">e</a> <a href="#Greenwood">Greenwood</a>, p. 73 </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Davy, Humphry (1808). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=gpwEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA32">"On some new phenomena of chemical changes produced by electricity, in particular the decomposition of the fixed alkalies, and the exhibition of the new substances that constitute their bases; and on the general nature of alkaline bodies"</a>. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 98: 32. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstl.1808.0001">10.1098/rstl.1808.0001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=On+some+new+phenomena+of+chemical+changes+produced+by+electricity%2C+in+particular+the+decomposition+of+the+fixed+alkalies%2C+and+the+exhibition+of+the+new+substances+that+constitute+their+bases%3B+and+on+the+general+nature+of+alkaline+bodies&rft.volume=98&rft.pages=32&rft.date=1808&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstl.1808.0001&rft.aulast=Davy&rft.aufirst=Humphry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DgpwEAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFKlaproth1797" class="citation">Klaproth, M. (1797), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015073704093;view=1up;seq=103">"Nouvelles données relatives à l'histoire naturelle de l'alcali végétal (New data regarding the natural history of the vegetable alkali)"</a>, Mémoires de l'Académie royale des sciences et belles-lettres, Berlin: 9–13</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=M%C3%A9moires+de+l%27Acad%C3%A9mie+royale+des+sciences+et+belles-lettres&rft.atitle=Nouvelles+donn%C3%A9es+relatives+%C3%A0+l%27histoire+naturelle+de+l%27alcali+v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tal+%28New+data+regarding+the+natural+history+of+the+vegetable+alkali%29&rft.pages=9-13&rft.date=1797&rft.aulast=Klaproth&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dmdp.39015073704093%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  From p. 13: "Cet alcali ne pouvant donc plus être envisagé comme un produit de la végétation dans les plantes, occupe une place propre dans la série des substances primitivement simples du règne minéral, & il devient nécessaire de lui assigner un nom, qui convienne mieux à sa nature. La dénomination de Potasche (potasse) que la nouvelle nomenclature françoise a consacrée comme nom de tout le genre, ne sauroit faire fortune auprès des chimistes allemands, qui sentent à quel point la dérivation étymologique en est vicieuse. Elle est prise en effet de ce qu'anciennement on se servoit pour la calcination des lessives concentrées des cendres, de pots de fer (pott en dialecte de la Basse-Saxe) auxquels on a substitué depuis des fours à calciner. Je propose donc ici, de substituer aux mots usités jusqu'ici d'alcali des plantes, alcali végétal, potasse, &c. celui de kali, & de revenir à l'ancienne dénomination de natron, au lieu de dire alcali minéral, soude &c." (This alkali [i.e., potash] — [which] therefore can no longer be viewed as a product of growth in plants — occupies a proper place in the originally simple series of the mineral realm, and it becomes necessary to assign it a name that is better suited to its nature. The name of "potash" (potasse), which the new French nomenclature has bestowed as the name of the entire species [i.e., substance], would not find acceptance among German chemists, who feel to some extent [that] the etymological derivation of it is faulty. Indeed it is taken from [the vessels] that one formerly used for the roasting of washing powder concentrated from cinders: iron pots (pott in the dialect of Lower Saxony), for which roasting ovens have been substituted since then. Thus I now propose to substitute for the until now common words of "plant alkali", "vegetable alkali", "potash", etc., that of kali ; and to return to the old name of natron instead of saying "mineral alkali", "soda", etc.) </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Davy, Humphry (1809). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vyswAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA157">"Ueber einige neue Erscheinungen chemischer Veränderungen, welche durch die Electricität bewirkt werden; insbesondere über die Zersetzung der feuerbeständigen Alkalien, die Darstellung der neuen Körper, welche ihre Basen ausmachen, und die Natur der Alkalien überhaupt"</a>. Annalen der Physik. 31 (2): 113–175. <q>p. 157: In unserer deutschen Nomenclatur würde ich die Namen Kalium und Natronium vorschlagen, wenn man nicht lieber bei den von Herrn Erman gebrauchten und von mehreren angenommenen Benennungen Kali-Metalloid and Natron-Metalloid, bis zur völligen Aufklärung der chemischen Natur dieser räthzelhaften Körper bleiben will. Oder vielleicht findet man es noch zweckmässiger fürs Erste zwei Klassen zu machen, Metalle und Metalloide, und in die letztere Kalium und Natronium zu setzen. — Gilbert. (In our German nomenclature, I would suggest the names Kalium and Natronium, if one would not rather continue with the appellations Kali-metalloid and Natron-metalloid which are used by Mr. Erman [i.e., German physics professor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Erman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Erman (halaman belum tersedia)">Paul Erman</a> (1764–1851)] and accepted by several [people], until the complete clarification of the chemical nature of these puzzling substances. Or perhaps one finds it yet more advisable for the present to create two classes, metals and metalloids, and to place Kalium and Natronium in the latter — Gilbert.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annalen+der+Physik&rft.atitle=Ueber+einige+neue+Erscheinungen+chemischer+Ver%C3%A4nderungen%2C+welche+durch+die+Electricit%C3%A4t+bewirkt+werden%3B+insbesondere+%C3%BCber+die+Zersetzung+der+feuerbest%C3%A4ndigen+Alkalien%2C+die+Darstellung+der+neuen+K%C3%B6rper%2C+welche+ihre+Basen+ausmachen%2C+und+die+Natur+der+Alkalien+%C3%BCberhaupt&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=113-175&rft.date=1809&rft.au=Davy%2C+Humphry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvyswAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|trans_title=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBerzelius1814" class="citation">Berzelius, J. Jacob (1814), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_Uw0-AAAAcAAJ#page/n91/mode/2up">Försök, att, genom användandet af den electrokemiska theorien och de kemiska proportionerna, grundlägga ett rent vettenskapligt system för mineralogien [Attempt, by the use of electrochemical theory and chemical proportions, to found a pure scientific system for mineralogy]</a>, Stockholm, Sweden: A. Gadelius, hlm. 87</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=F%C3%B6rs%C3%B6k%2C+att%2C+genom+anv%C3%A4ndandet+af+den+electrokemiska+theorien+och+de+kemiska+proportionerna%2C+grundl%C3%A4gga+ett+rent+vettenskapligt+system+f%C3%B6r+mineralogien+%5BAttempt%2C+by+the+use+of+electrochemical+theory+and+chemical+proportions%2C+to+found+a+pure+scientific+system+for+mineralogy%5D&rft.place=Stockholm%2C+Sweden&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=A.+Gadelius&rft.date=1814&rft.aulast=Berzelius&rft.aufirst=J.+Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbub_gb_Uw0-AAAAcAAJ%23page%2Fn91%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanderkrogt.net/elements/element.php?sym=K">"Kalium Potassium"</a>, Elementymology & Elements Multidict, diakses tanggal 2017-09-02</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Elementymology+%26+Elements+Multidict&rft.atitle=Kalium+Potassium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanderkrogt.net%2Felements%2Felement.php%3Fsym%3DK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFIUPAC1997" class="citation">IUPAC (1997), A.D. McNaught and A. Wilkinson, ed., Compendium of Chemical Terminology (edisi ke-2nd (the "Gold Book")), Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Compendium+of+Chemical+Terminology&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd+%28the+%22Gold+Book%22%29&rft.pub=Blackwell+Scientific+Publications&rft.date=1997&rft.au=IUPAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penyunting (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Menggunakan_parameter_penyunting" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penyunting">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-g76-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g76_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-g76_15-1">b</a> <a href="#Greenwood">Greenwood</a>, p. 76 </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a href="#Greenwood">Greenwood</a>, p. 75 </li> <li id="cite_note-K--17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-K-_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-K-_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-K-_17-2">c</a> <cite class="citation journal">Dye, J. L. (1979). "Compounds of Alkali Metal Anions". <a href="/wiki/Angewandte_Chemie_International_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Angewandte Chemie International Edition">Angewandte Chemie International Edition</a>. 18 (8): 587–598. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fanie.197905871">10.1002/anie.197905871</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Angewandte+Chemie+International+Edition&rft.atitle=Compounds+of+Alkali+Metal+Anions&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=587-598&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fanie.197905871&rft.aulast=Dye&rft.aufirst=J.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-K+++-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-K+++_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-K+++_18-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">James, A. M.; Lord, M. P. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/macmillanschemic0000jame">Macmillan's chemical and physical data</a>. London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-333-51167-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-333-51167-0">0-333-51167-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macmillan%27s+chemical+and+physical+data&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-333-51167-0&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=A.+M.&rft.au=Lord%2C+M.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmacmillanschemic0000jame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-b35-19"><a href="#cite_ref-b35_19-0">^</a> <a href="#Burkhardt">Burkhardt</a>, p. 35 </li> <li id="cite_note-HollemanAF-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HollemanAF_20-3">d</a> <cite class="citation book">Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (1985). "Potassium". Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie (dalam bahasa German) (edisi ke-91–100). Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-11-007511-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-11-007511-3">3-11-007511-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Potassium&rft.btitle=Lehrbuch+der+Anorganischen+Chemie&rft.edition=91%E2%80%93100&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=3-11-007511-3&rft.aulast=Holleman&rft.aufirst=Arnold+F.&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Egon&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Nils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-b32-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b32_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b32_21-1">b</a> <a href="#Burkhardt">Burkhardt</a>, p. 32 </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Rieke, R. D. (1989). "Preparation of Organometallic Compounds from Highly Reactive Metal Powders". <a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science (journal)">Science</a>. 246 (4935): 1260–4. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989Sci...246.1260R">1989Sci...246.1260R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.246.4935.1260">10.1126/science.246.4935.1260</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17832221">17832221</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Preparation+of+Organometallic+Compounds+from+Highly+Reactive+Metal+Powders&rft.volume=246&rft.issue=4935&rft.pages=1260-4&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17832221&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.246.4935.1260&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989Sci...246.1260R&rft.au=Rieke%2C+R.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Lide, David R. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780849305948">Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a> (edisi ke-87th). Boca Raton, Florida, United States: CRC Press. hlm. 477; 520. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0594-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0594-2">0-8493-0594-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida%2C+United+States&rft.pages=477%3B+520&rft.edition=87th&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8493-0594-2&rft.aulast=Lide&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780849305948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (edisi ke-86). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. hlm. 4–80. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8493-0486-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8493-0486-5">0-8493-0486-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton+%28FL%29&rft.pages=4-80&rft.edition=86&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8493-0486-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="#Schultz">Schultz</a>, p. 94 </li> <li id="cite_note-Lincoln-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Lincoln_26-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFLincolnRichensSykes" class="citation">Lincoln, S.F.; Richens, D.T.; Sykes, A.G., J.A. McCleverty and T.J. Meyer, ed., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/referenceworks/9780080437484">"Metal Aqua Ions"</a>, Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry II, 1, hlm. 515–555, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-043748-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-043748-4">978-0-08-043748-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comprehensive+Coordination+Chemistry+II&rft.atitle=Metal+Aqua+Ions&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=515-555&rft.isbn=978-0-08-043748-4&rft.aulast=Lincoln&rft.aufirst=S.F.&rft.au=Richens%2C+D.T.&rft.au=Sykes%2C+A.G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Freferenceworks%2F9780080437484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penyunting (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Menggunakan_parameter_penyunting" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penyunting">link</a>) . </li> <li id="cite_note-NUBASE-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE_27-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal">Georges, Audi; Bersillon, O.; Blachot, J.; Wapstra, A. H. (2003). "The NUBASE Evaluation of Nuclear and Decay Properties". Nuclear Physics A. Atomic Mass Data Center. 729: 3–128. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A">2003NuPhA.729....3A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001">10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics+A&rft.atitle=The+NUBASE+Evaluation+of+Nuclear+and+Decay+Properties&rft.volume=729&rft.pages=3-128&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003NuPhA.729....3A&rft.aulast=Georges&rft.aufirst=Audi&rft.au=Bersillon%2C+O.&rft.au=Blachot%2C+J.&rft.au=Wapstra%2C+A.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Bowen, Robert; Attendorn, H. G. (1988). "Theory and Assumptions in Potassium–Argon Dating". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k90iAnFereYC&pg=PA207">Isotopes in the Earth Sciences</a>. Springer. hlm. 203–8. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-412-53710-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-412-53710-3">978-0-412-53710-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Theory+and+Assumptions+in+Potassium%E2%80%93Argon+Dating&rft.btitle=Isotopes+in+the+Earth+Sciences&rft.pages=203-8&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-412-53710-3&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Attendorn%2C+H.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk90iAnFereYC%26pg%3DPA207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Anaç, D. & Martin-Prével, P. 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Springer. hlm. 290–. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7923-5850-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7923-5850-3">978-0-7923-5850-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Improved+crop+quality+by+nutrient+management&rft.pages=290-&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-5850-3&rft.au=Ana%C3%A7%2C+D.&rft.au=Martin-Pr%C3%A9vel%2C+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9Hr4w6QhPGsC%26pg%3DPA290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sciencedemonstrations.fas.harvard.edu/presentations/radioactive-human-body">"Radiation and Radioactive Decay. Radioactive Human Body"</a>. Harvard Natural Sciences Lecture Demonstrations. Diakses tanggal July 2, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radiation+and+Radioactive+Decay.+Radioactive+Human+Body&rft.pub=Harvard+Natural+Sciences+Lecture+Demonstrations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsciencedemonstrations.fas.harvard.edu%2Fpresentations%2Fradioactive-human-body&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Winteringham, F. P. W; Effects, F.A.O. Standing Committee on Radiation, Land And Water Development Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KRVXMiQWi0cC&pg=PA32">Radioactive fallout in soils, crops and food: a background review</a>. Food & Agriculture Org. hlm. 32. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-92-5-102877-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-92-5-102877-3">978-92-5-102877-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radioactive+fallout+in+soils%2C+crops+and+food%3A+a+background+review&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Food+%26+Agriculture+Org.&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-92-5-102877-3&rft.au=Winteringham%2C+F.+P.+W&rft.au=Effects%2C+F.A.O.+Standing+Committee+on+Radiation%2C+Land+And+Water+Development+Division%2C+Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKRVXMiQWi0cC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Shimansky, V.; Bikmaev, I. F.; Galeev, A. I.; Shimanskaya, N. N.; et al. (September 2003). "Observational constraints on potassium synthesis during the formation of stars of the Galactic disk". Astronomy Reports. 47 (9): 750–762. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003ARep...47..750S">2003ARep...47..750S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1134%2F1.1611216">10.1134/1.1611216</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+Reports&rft.atitle=Observational+constraints+on+potassium+synthesis+during+the+formation+of+stars+of+the+Galactic+disk&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=750-762&rft.date=2003-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1134%2F1.1611216&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003ARep...47..750S&rft.aulast=Shimansky&rft.aufirst=V.&rft.au=Bikmaev%2C+I.+F.&rft.au=Galeev%2C+A.+I.&rft.au=Shimanskaya%2C+N.+N.&rft.au=Ivanova%2C+D.+V.&rft.au=Sakhibullin%2C+N.+A.&rft.au=Musaev%2C+F.+A.&rft.au=Galazutdinov%2C+G.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a href="#Greenwood">Greenwood</a>, p. 69 </li> <li id="cite_note-geo-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-geo_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-geo_34-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Micale, Giorgio; Cipollina, Andrea; Rizzuti, Lucio (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NXEmcGHScV8C&pg=PA3">Seawater Desalination: Conventional and Renewable Energy Processes</a>. Springer. hlm. 3. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-642-01149-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-642-01149-8">978-3-642-01149-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seawater+Desalination%3A+Conventional+and+Renewable+Energy+Processes&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-642-01149-8&rft.aulast=Micale&rft.aufirst=Giorgio&rft.au=Cipollina%2C+Andrea&rft.au=Rizzuti%2C+Lucio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNXEmcGHScV8C%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-indus-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-indus_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-indus_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-indus_35-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-indus_35-3">d</a> <cite class="citation book">Prud'homme, Michel; Krukowski, Stanley T. (2006). "Potash". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zNicdkuulE4C&pg=PA723">Industrial minerals & rocks: commodities, markets, and uses</a>. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. hlm. 723–740. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-87335-233-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-87335-233-8">978-0-87335-233-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Potash&rft.btitle=Industrial+minerals+%26+rocks%3A+commodities%2C+markets%2C+and+uses&rft.pages=723-740&rft.pub=Society+for+Mining%2C+Metallurgy%2C+and+Exploration&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-87335-233-8&rft.aulast=Prud%27homme&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.au=Krukowski%2C+Stanley+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzNicdkuulE4C%26pg%3DPA723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">du Monceau, H. L. D. 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Springer. hlm. 1135–57. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-387-27843-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-387-27843-8">978-0-387-27843-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kent+and+Riegel%27s+handbook+of+industrial+chemistry+and+biotechnology&rft.pages=1135-57&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-387-27843-8&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Amit+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAYjFoLCNHYUC%26pg%3DPA1135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Figoni, Paula I (2010). 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John Wiley and Sons. hlm. 86. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-470-39267-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-470-39267-6">978-0-470-39267-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bleaching+and+Maturing+Agents&rft.btitle=How+Baking+Works%3A+Exploring+the+Fundamentals+of+Baking+Science&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-470-39267-6&rft.au=Figoni%2C+Paula+I&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXqKF7PqV02cC%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Chichester, C. O. (July 1986). 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Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. hlm. 903–5. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7817-2845-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7817-2845-4">978-0-7817-2845-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Potassium+Chloride+and+Potassium+Permanganate&rft.btitle=Medical+toxicology&rft.pages=903-5&rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7817-2845-4&rft.aulast=Schonwald&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBfdighlyGiwC%26pg%3DPA903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Markovchick, Vincent J. & Pons, Peter T. 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Elsevier Health Sciences. hlm. 223. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-56053-503-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-56053-503-4">978-1-56053-503-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emergency+medicine+secrets&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Sciences&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-56053-503-4&rft.aulast=Markovchick&rft.aufirst=Vincent+J.&rft.au=Pons%2C+Peter+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl8RkPU1-M5wC%26pg%3DPA223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Sunting bagian: Daftar pustaka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=35" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Daftar pustaka">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ul><li><cite id="Burkhardt" class="citation book">Burkhardt, Elizabeth R. (2006). "Potassium and Potassium Alloys". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. A22. hlm. 31–38. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a22_031.pub2">10.1002/14356007.a22_031.pub2</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-527-30673-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-527-30673-0">3-527-30673-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Potassium+and+Potassium+Alloys&rft.btitle=Ullmann%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.pages=31-38&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a22_031.pub2&rft.isbn=3-527-30673-0&rft.aulast=Burkhardt&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="Greenwood" class="citation book">Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (edisi ke-2nd). Butterworth-Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-08-037941-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-08-037941-9">0-08-037941-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-08-037941-9&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=Norman+N.&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="Holleman" class="citation book">Holleman, Arnold F.; Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (2007). "Potassium". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mahxPfBdcxcC&printsec=frontcover">Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie</a> (dalam bahasa German) (edisi ke-91–100). Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3110177706" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3110177706">3110177706</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Potassium&rft.btitle=Lehrbuch+der+Anorganischen+Chemie&rft.edition=91%E2%80%93100&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=3110177706&rft.aulast=Holleman&rft.aufirst=Arnold+F.&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Egon&rft.au=Wiberg%2C+Nils&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmahxPfBdcxcC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li><cite id="Schultz" class="citation book">Schultz, H.; et al. (2006). "Potassium compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. A22. hlm. 39–103. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a22_031.pub2">10.1002/14356007.a22_031.pub2</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-527-30673-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-527-30673-0">3-527-30673-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Potassium+compounds&rft.btitle=Ullmann%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Industrial+Chemistry&rft.pages=39-103&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14356007.a22_031.pub2&rft.isbn=3-527-30673-0&rft.aulast=Schultz&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Bauer%2C+G.&rft.au=Schachl%2C+E.&rft.au=Hagedorn%2C+F.&rft.au=Schmittinger%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKalium" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list">National Nutrient Database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810230234/http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/list">Diarsipkan</a> 2014-08-10 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. at <a href="/wiki/USDA" class="mw-redirect" title="USDA">USDA</a> Website</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium&action=edit&section=36" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/019.htm">Potassium</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos" title="The Periodic Table of Videos">The Periodic Table of Videos</a> (University of Nottingham)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/472373">Potassium (K)</a> di <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible uncollapsed" cellpadding="0" style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="33" style="padding:0 1em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Tabel periodik unsur kimia"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Tabel_periodik_unsur_kimia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini"><a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik">Tabel periodik</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Tabel_periodik_(sel_besar)" title="Tabel periodik (sel besar)">(besar)</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">2</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_3" title="Unsur golongan 3">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_4" title="Unsur golongan 4">4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_5" title="Unsur golongan 5">5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_6" title="Unsur golongan 6">6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_7" title="Unsur golongan 7">7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_8" title="Unsur golongan 8">8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_9" title="Unsur golongan 9">9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_10" title="Unsur golongan 10">10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_11" title="Unsur golongan 11">11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_golongan_12" title="Unsur golongan 12">12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_boron" title="Golongan boron">13</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golongan_karbon" title="Golongan karbon">14</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pniktogen" title="Pniktogen">15</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" title="Kalkogen">16</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_1" title="Unsur periode 1">1</a> </td> <td title="Hidrogen, 1 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="Helium, 2 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_2" title="Unsur periode 2">2</a> </td> <td title="Litium, 3 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">Li</a> </td> <td title="Berilium, 4 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berilium" title="Berilium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Boron, 5 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a> </td> <td title="Karbon, 6 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a> </td> <td title="Nitrogen, 7 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td title="Oksigen, 8 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a> </td> <td title="Fluorin, 9 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin">F</a> </td> <td title="Neon, 10 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_3" title="Unsur periode 3">3</a> </td> <td title="Natrium, 11 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td title="Magnesium, 12 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Aluminium, 13 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td title="Silikon, 14 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silikon" title="Silikon">Si</a> </td> <td title="Fosforus, 15 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fosforus" title="Fosforus">P</a> </td> <td title="Belerang, 16 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Belerang" title="Belerang">S</a> </td> <td title="Klorin, 17 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">Cl</a> </td> <td title="Argon, 18 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_4" title="Unsur periode 4">4</a> </td> <td title="Kalium, 19 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:1px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">K</a> </td> <td title="Kalsium, 20 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Skandium, 21 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Sc</a> </td> <td title="Titanium, 22 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td title="Vanadium, 23 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td title="Kromium, 24 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kromium" title="Kromium">Cr</a> </td> <td title="Mangan, 25 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td title="Besi, 26 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">Fe</a> </td> <td title="Kobalt, 27 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td title="Nikel, 28 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Ni</a> </td> <td title="Tembaga, 29 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga">Cu</a> </td> <td title="Seng, 30 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seng" title="Seng">Zn</a> </td> <td title="Galium, 31 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Galium" title="Galium">Ga</a> </td> <td title="Germanium, 32 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td title="Arsen, 33 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td title="Selenium, 34 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td title="Bromin, 35 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromin" title="Bromin">Br</a> </td> <td title="Kripton, 36 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kripton" title="Kripton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_5" title="Unsur periode 5">5</a> </td> <td title="Rubidium, 37 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td title="Stronsium, 38 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Stronsium" title="Stronsium">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Itrium, 39 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Itrium" title="Itrium">Y</a> </td> <td title="Zirkonium, 40 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td title="Niobium, 41 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td title="Molibdenum, 42 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molibdenum" title="Molibdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td title="Teknesium, 43 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Teknesium" title="Teknesium">Tc</a> </td> <td title="Rutenium, 44 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutenium" title="Rutenium">Ru</a> </td> <td title="Rodium, 45 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rodium" title="Rodium">Rh</a> </td> <td title="Paladium, 46 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Paladium" title="Paladium">Pd</a> </td> <td title="Perak, 47 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Ag</a> </td> <td title="Kadmium, 48 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td title="Indium, 49 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td title="Timah, 50 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timah" title="Timah">Sn</a> </td> <td title="Antimon, 51 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td title="Telurium, 52 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Telurium" title="Telurium">Te</a> </td> <td title="Iodin, 53 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodin" title="Iodin">I</a> </td> <td title="Xenon, 54 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_6" title="Unsur periode 6">6</a> </td> <td title="Sesium, 55 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sesium" title="Sesium">Cs</a> </td> <td title="Barium, 56 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td title="Lantanum, 57 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum">La</a> </td> <td title="Serium, 58 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Serium" title="Serium">Ce</a> </td> <td title="Praseodimium, 59 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodimium" title="Praseodimium">Pr</a> </td> <td title="Neodimium, 60 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodimium" title="Neodimium">Nd</a> </td> <td title="Prometium, 61 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prometium" title="Prometium">Pm</a> </td> <td title="Samarium, 62 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td title="Europium, 63 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td title="Gadolinium, 64 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td title="Terbium, 65 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td title="Disprosium, 66 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Disprosium" title="Disprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td title="Holmium, 67 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td title="Erbium, 68 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td title="Tulium, 69 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tulium" title="Tulium">Tm</a> </td> <td title="Iterbium, 70 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iterbium" title="Iterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td title="Lutesium, 71 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutesium" title="Lutesium">Lu</a> </td> <td title="Hafnium, 72 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td title="Tantalum, 73 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td title="Wolfram, 74 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td title="Renium, 75 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Renium" title="Renium">Re</a> </td> <td title="Osmium, 76 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td title="Iridium, 77 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td title="Platina, 78 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td title="Emas, 79 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">Au</a> </td> <td title="Raksa, 80 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Raksa" title="Raksa">Hg</a> </td> <td title="Talium, 81 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Talium" title="Talium">Tl</a> </td> <td title="Timbal, 82 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Timbal" title="Timbal">Pb</a> </td> <td title="Bismut, 83 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td title="Polonium, 84 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td title="Astatin, 85 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatin" title="Astatin">At</a> </td> <td title="Radon, 86 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unsur_periode_7" title="Unsur periode 7">7</a> </td> <td title="Fransium, 87 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fransium" title="Fransium">Fr</a> </td> <td title="Radium, 88 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td title="Aktinium, 89 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinium" title="Aktinium">Ac</a> </td> <td title="Torium, 90 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Torium" title="Torium">Th</a> </td> <td title="Protaktinium, 91 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium">Pa</a> </td> <td title="Uranium, 92 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td title="Neptunium, 93 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td title="Plutonium, 94 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td title="Amerisium, 95 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Amerisium" title="Amerisium">Am</a> </td> <td title="Kurium, 96 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kurium" title="Kurium">Cm</a> </td> <td title="Berkelium, 97 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td title="Kalifornium, 98 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium">Cf</a> </td> <td title="Einsteinium, 99 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td title="Fermium, 100 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td title="Mendelevium, 101 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td title="Nobelium, 102 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td title="Lawrensium, 103 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrensium" title="Lawrensium">Lr</a> </td> <td title="Ruterfordium, 104 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruterfordium" title="Ruterfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td title="Dubnium, 105 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td title="Seaborgium, 106 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td title="Bohrium, 107 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td title="Hasium, 108 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hasium" title="Hasium">Hs</a> </td> <td title="Meitnerium, 109 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td title="Darmstadtium, 110 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td title="Roentgenium, 111 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td title="Kopernisium, 112 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Kopernisium" title="Kopernisium">Cn</a> </td> <td title="Nihonium, 113 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td title="Flerovium, 114 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td title="Moskovium, 115 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moskovium" title="Moskovium">Mc</a> </td> <td title="Livermorium, 116 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td title="Tenesin, 117 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesin" title="Tenesin">Ts</a> </td> <td title="Oganeson, 118 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganeson" title="Oganeson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="33"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="0" style="width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Logam alkali</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_tanah" title="Logam alkali tanah">Logam alkali tanah</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanida" title="Lantanida">Lantanida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Aktinida" title="Aktinida">Aktinida</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_transisi" title="Logam transisi">Logam transisi</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Logam_miskin" title="Logam miskin">Logam miskin</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloid</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#a1ffc3;"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_poliatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam poliatomik">Nonlogam poliatomik</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#e7ff8f;"><a href="/wiki/Nonlogam_diatomik" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonlogam diatomik">Nonlogam diatomik</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Gas_mulia" title="Gas mulia">Gas mulia</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0 1px; background:#e8e8e8;">Sifat kimia belum diketahui </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> 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href="/wiki/Kalium_sianida" title="Kalium sianida">KCN</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_fulminat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium fulminat (halaman belum tersedia)">KCNO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_klorida" title="Kalium klorida">KCl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_klorat" title="Kalium klorat">KClO3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_perklorat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium perklorat (halaman belum tersedia)">KClO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_fluorida" title="Kalium fluorida">KF</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_hidrida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium hidrida (halaman belum tersedia)">KH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_format" title="Kalium format">KHCO2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_bikarbonat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium bikarbonat (halaman belum tersedia)">KHCO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_bifluorida" title="Kalium bifluorida">KHF2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_hidrosulfida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium hidrosulfida (halaman belum tersedia)">KHS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_bisulfit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium bisulfit (halaman belum tersedia)">KHSO3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_bisulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium bisulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">KHSO4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_arsenat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium arsenat (halaman belum tersedia)">KH2AsO4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monokalium_fosfit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monokalium fosfit (halaman belum tersedia)">KH2PO3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monokalium_fosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monokalium fosfat (halaman belum tersedia)">KH2PO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_iodida" title="Kalium iodida">KI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_iodat" title="Kalium iodat">KIO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_periodat" title="Kalium periodat">KIO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_permanganat" title="Kalium permanganat">KMnO4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_azida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium azida (halaman belum tersedia)">KN3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_amida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium amida (halaman belum tersedia)">KNH2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_nitrit" title="Kalium nitrit">KNO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_nitrat" title="Kalium nitrat">KNO3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_sianat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium sianat (halaman belum tersedia)">KOCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_hidroksida" title="Kalium hidroksida">KOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_superoksida" title="Kalium superoksida">KO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_heksafluorofosfat" title="Kalium heksafluorofosfat">KPF6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_tiosianat" title="Kalium tiosianat">KSCN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_asetat" title="Kalium asetat">KCH3COO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_aluminat" title="Kalium aluminat">K2Al2O4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_karbonat" title="Kalium karbonat">K2CO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_kromat" title="Kalium kromat">K2CrO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_dikromat" title="Kalium dikromat">K2Cr2O7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_ferat" title="Kalium ferat">K2FeO4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dikalium_fosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dikalium fosfat (halaman belum tersedia)">K2HPO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_manganat" title="Kalium manganat">K2MnO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_oksida" title="Kalium oksida">K2O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_peroksida" title="Kalium peroksida">K2O2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_tetrakloroplatinat" title="Kalium tetrakloroplatinat">K2PtCl4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_heksakloroplatinat" title="Kalium heksakloroplatinat">K2PtCl6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_sulfida" title="Kalium sulfida">K2S</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_selenat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium selenat (halaman belum tersedia)">K2SeO4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_sulfit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium sulfit (halaman belum tersedia)">K2SO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_sulfat" title="Kalium sulfat">K2SO4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_peroksimonosulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium peroksimonosulfat (halaman belum tersedia)">KHSO5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_metabisulfit" title="Kalium metabisulfit">K2S2O5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_pirosulfat" title="Kalium pirosulfat">K2S2O7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_persulfat" title="Kalium persulfat">K2S2O8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_polonida" title="Kalium polonida">K2Po</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalium_silikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalium silikat (halaman belum tersedia)">K2SiO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_ferisianida" title="Kalium ferisianida">K3[Fe(CN)6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_ferioksalat" title="Kalium ferioksalat">K3[Fe(C2O4)3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_ferosianida" title="Kalium ferosianida">K4[Fe(CN)6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_fosfat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalium fosfat">K3PO4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalium_oktaklorodimolibdat" title="Kalium oktaklorodimolibdat">K4Mo2Cl8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/517785266">Microsoft Academic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalium&oldid=25980946">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalium&oldid=25980946</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Senyawa_kalium" title="Kategori:Senyawa kalium">Senyawa kalium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kalium" title="Kategori:Kalium">Kalium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Unsur_kimia" title="Kategori:Unsur kimia">Unsur kimia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Logam_alkali" title="Kategori:Logam alkali">Logam alkali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Biologi_dan_farmakologi_unsur_kimia" title="Kategori:Biologi dan farmakologi unsur kimia">Biologi dan farmakologi unsur kimia</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Mineral_diet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Mineral diet (halaman belum tersedia)">Mineral diet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Desikan" title="Kategori:Desikan">Desikan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Reduktor" title="Kategori:Reduktor">Reduktor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Unsur_kimia_dengan_struktur_kubus_berpusat-badan" title="Kategori:Unsur kimia dengan struktur kubus berpusat-badan">Unsur kimia dengan struktur kubus berpusat-badan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a 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CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Url_tak_layak" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak">Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_mengandung_aksara_Arab" title="Kategori:Artikel mengandung aksara Arab">Artikel mengandung aksara Arab</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Memiliki_pranala_menuju_halaman_yang_sudah_ada" title="Kategori:Memiliki pranala menuju halaman yang sudah ada">Memiliki pranala menuju halaman yang sudah ada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Templat_webarchive_tautan_wayback" title="Kategori:Templat webarchive tautan wayback">Templat webarchive tautan wayback</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_GND" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda GND">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_BNF" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNF">Artikel Wikipedia dengan 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