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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stadium_of_Lykourgos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stadium_of_Lykourgos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Stadium of Lykourgos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stadium_of_Lykourgos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reconstruction_by_Herodes_Atticus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reconstruction_by_Herodes_Atticus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Reconstruction by Herodes Atticus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reconstruction_by_Herodes_Atticus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abandonment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abandonment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Abandonment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abandonment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_reconstruction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_reconstruction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Modern reconstruction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_reconstruction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Excavations_and_Zappas_Olympics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Excavations_and_Zappas_Olympics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Excavations and Zappas Olympics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Excavations_and_Zappas_Olympics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1896_Olympics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1896_Olympics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>1896 Olympics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1896_Olympics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1906_Intercalated_Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1906_Intercalated_Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>1906 Intercalated Games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1906_Intercalated_Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Home_of_AEK_Basketball_Club" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Home_of_AEK_Basketball_Club"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.4</span> <span>Home of AEK Basketball Club</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Home_of_AEK_Basketball_Club-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regime_of_the_Colonels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regime_of_the_Colonels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.5</span> <span>Regime of the Colonels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regime_of_the_Colonels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2004_Olympics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004_Olympics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.6</span> <span>2004 Olympics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2004_Olympics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2011_Special_Olympics_World_Summer_Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2011_Special_Olympics_World_Summer_Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.7</span> <span>2011 Special Olympics World Summer Games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2011_Special_Olympics_World_Summer_Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concert_venue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concert_venue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Concert venue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concert_venue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commemorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commemorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Commemorations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commemorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Panathenaic Stadium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88" title="ملعب باناثينايكو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ملعب باناثينايكو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio_Panathinaiko" title="Estadio Panathinaiko – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Estadio Panathinaiko" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadiu_Panathinaik%C3%B3" title="Estadiu Panathinaikó – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estadiu Panathinaikó" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panatinaikos_(stadion)" title="Panatinaikos (stadion) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Panatinaikos (stadion)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BA_(%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91%D0%BD)" title="Панатынаік (стадыён) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Панатынаік (стадыён)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81_(%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Панатинайкос (стадион) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Панатинайкос (стадион)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadi_Panathinaik%C3%B3" title="Estadi Panathinaikó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estadi Panathinaikó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathinaiko" title="Panathinaiko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Panathinaiko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathinaiko_Stadion" title="Panathinaiko Stadion – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Panathinaiko Stadion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathinaiko-Stadion" title="Panathinaiko-Stadion – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Panathinaiko-Stadion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathinaik%C3%B3_staadion" title="Panathinaikó staadion – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Panathinaikó staadion" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Παναθηναϊκό Στάδιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παναθηναϊκό Στάδιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio_Panathinaik%C3%B3" title="Estadio Panathinaikó – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estadio Panathinaikó" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tut-Atena_Stadiono" title="Tut-Atena Stadiono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tut-Atena Stadiono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathinaik%C3%B3_estadioa" title="Panathinaikó estadioa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Panathinaikó estadioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88" title="ورزشگاه پاناتینایکو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ورزشگاه پاناتینایکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade_panath%C3%A9na%C3%AFque" title="Stade panathénaïque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Stade panathénaïque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%82%98%ED%8B%B0%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%BD%94_%EA%B2%BD%EA%B8%B0%EC%9E%A5" title="파나티나이코 경기장 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파나티나이코 경기장" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BD_(%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%BF)" title="Պանաթինաիկոս (մարզադաշտ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պանաթինաիկոս (մարզադաշտ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadion_Panathinaiko" title="Stadion Panathinaiko – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stadion Panathinaiko" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadio_Panathinaiko" title="Stadio Panathinaiko – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stadio Panathinaiko" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%98%D7%93%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95" title="אצטדיון פאנאתינאיקו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אצטדיון פאנאתינאיקו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panatinaiko_stadions" title="Panatinaiko stadions – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Panatinaiko stadions" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathinaiko_stadionas" title="Panathinaiko stadionas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Panathinaiko stadionas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पॅनाथिनैको स्टेडियम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पॅनाथिनैको स्टेडियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadion_Panathinaiko" title="Stadion Panathinaiko – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stadion Panathinaiko" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B7%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0" title="パナシナイコスタジアム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パナシナイコスタジアム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathenske_stadion" title="Panathenske stadion – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Panathenske stadion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathina%C3%AFk%C3%B3_St%C3%A1dio" title="Panathinaïkó Stádio – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Panathinaïkó Stádio" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathinaiko" title="Panathinaiko – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Panathinaiko" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_Panatenaico" title="Estádio Panatenaico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estádio Panatenaico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81_(%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Панатинаикос (стадион) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Панатинаикос (стадион)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathenaic_Stadium" title="Panathenaic Stadium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Panathenaic Stadium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Стадион Панатинаико – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стадион Панатинаико" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathina%C3%AFk%C3%B3-stadion" title="Panathinaïkó-stadion – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Panathinaïkó-stadion" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathinaikostadion" title="Panathinaikostadion – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Panathinaikostadion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பானாதெனாய்க் விளையாட்டரங்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பானாதெனாய்க் விளையாட்டரங்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AC%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="สนามกีฬาพานาธิเนอิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สนามกีฬาพานาธิเนอิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panathinaiko_Stadyumu" title="Panathinaiko Stadyumu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Panathinaiko Stadyumu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81_(%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Панатінаїкос (стадіон) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Панатінаїкос (стадіон)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پاناتھینئیک اسٹیڈیم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پاناتھینئیک اسٹیڈیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2n_v%E1%BA%ADn_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng_Panathinaiko" title="Sân vận động Panathinaiko – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sân vận động Panathinaiko" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E9%82%A3%E8%BE%9B%E7%BA%B3%E5%85%8B%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E5%9C%BA" title="帕那辛纳克体育场 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="帕那辛纳克体育场" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B8%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2%E5%A0%B4" title="泛雅典體育場 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="泛雅典體育場" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Panathenaic_Stadium&params=37_58_6_N_23_44_28_E_region:GR_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°58′6″N</span> <span class="longitude">23°44′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.96833°N 23.74111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.96833; 23.74111</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Stadium in Athens, Greece</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the historical stadium. For the minor neighborhood surrounding the stadium, see <a href="/wiki/Kallimarmaro,_Athens" title="Kallimarmaro, Athens">Kallimarmaro, Athens</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Panathenaic Stadium</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname">Kallimarmaro</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Panathenaic_Stadium_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/eb/Panathenaic_Stadium_logo.png/220px-Panathenaic_Stadium_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/eb/Panathenaic_Stadium_logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="78" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Panathenaic_Stadium_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Panathenaic_Stadium_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/250px-Panathenaic_Stadium_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Panathenaic_Stadium_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/375px-Panathenaic_Stadium_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Panathenaic_Stadium_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/500px-Panathenaic_Stadium_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="899" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Panathenaic Stadium in 2014</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_1e96be56e2d8f91f182140638904e42ba589fec2"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Panathenaic_Stadium&revid=1258061071&groups=_1e96be56e2d8f91f182140638904e42ba589fec2" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Panathenaic_Stadium&revid=1258061071&groups=_1e96be56e2d8f91f182140638904e42ba589fec2 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Pangrati" title="Pangrati">Pangrati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Panathenaic_Stadium&params=37_58_6_N_23_44_28_E_region:GR_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°58′6″N</span> <span class="longitude">23°44′28″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.96833°N 23.74111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.96833; 23.74111</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Public transit</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Athens_Tram" title="Athens Tram"><img alt="Athens Tram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Logo_of_the_Athens_Tram_%28icon_only%29.svg/11px-Logo_of_the_Athens_Tram_%28icon_only%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Logo_of_the_Athens_Tram_%28icon_only%29.svg/17px-Logo_of_the_Athens_Tram_%28icon_only%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Logo_of_the_Athens_Tram_%28icon_only%29.svg/23px-Logo_of_the_Athens_Tram_%28icon_only%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="278" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Line_6_(Athens_Tram)" title="Athens Tram Line 6"><img alt="Athens Tram Line 6" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Athens_Tram_Line_6.svg/16px-Athens_Tram_Line_6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Athens_Tram_Line_6.svg/24px-Athens_Tram_Line_6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Athens_Tram_Line_6.svg/32px-Athens_Tram_Line_6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Zappio_tram_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Zappio tram stop">Zappio tram stop</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Olympic_Committee" title="Hellenic Olympic Committee">Hellenic Olympic Committee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seating_capacity" title="Seating capacity">Capacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">144 AD: 50,000<br />1896: 60,000<br /><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Record attendance</th><td class="infobox-data">70,000 (<a href="/wiki/AEK_Athens_B.C." class="mw-redirect" title="AEK Athens B.C.">AEK Athens</a> vs <a href="/wiki/USK_Praha" title="USK Praha">Slavia VŠ Praha</a>, 1968)<sup id="cite_ref-IOC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ccc">Construction</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Built</th><td class="infobox-data">6th century BC <small>(racecourse)</small><br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 330</span> BC <small>(in limestone by <a href="/wiki/Lycurgus_of_Athens" title="Lycurgus of Athens">Lykourgos</a>)</small><br /><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 144</span> AD <small>(in marble by <a href="/wiki/Herodes_Atticus" title="Herodes Atticus">Herodes Atticus</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Renovated</th><td class="infobox-data">1896</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Metaxas" title="Anastasios Metaxas">Anastasios Metaxas</a> <small>(1896 renovation)</small></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Panathenaic Stadium</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Παναθηναϊκό Στάδιο</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Panathinaïkó Stádio</i></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[panaθinai̯ˈko<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈstaðio]</a></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i><b>Kallimarmaro</b></i> (<span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">Καλλιμάρμαρο</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="el-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">[kaliˈmarmaro]</a></span>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">beautiful marble</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-Kakissis_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kakissis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004135_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarling2004135-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a multi-purpose stadium in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>, Greece. One of the main historic attractions of Athens,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is the only stadium in the world built entirely of <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004135_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarling2004135-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A stadium was built on the site of a simple racecourse by the Athenian statesman <a href="/wiki/Lycurgus_of_Athens" title="Lycurgus of Athens">Lykourgos</a> (Lycurgus) <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 400</span> BC, primarily for the <a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Games" title="Panathenaic Games">Panathenaic Games</a>. It was rebuilt in marble by <a href="/wiki/Herodes_Atticus" title="Herodes Atticus">Herodes Atticus</a>, an Athenian Roman senator, by 144 AD it had a capacity of 50,000 seats. After the rise of Christianity in the 4th century it was largely abandoned. The stadium was excavated in 1869 and hosted the <a href="/wiki/Zappas_Olympics" title="Zappas Olympics">Zappas Olympics</a> in 1870 and 1875. After being refurbished, it hosted the opening and closing ceremonies of the <a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">first modern Olympics in 1896</a> and was the venue for 4 of the 9 contested sports. It was used for various purposes in the 20th century and was once again used as an Olympic venue in <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>. It is the finishing point for the annual <a href="/wiki/Athens_Classic_Marathon" title="Athens Classic Marathon">Athens Classic Marathon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kakissis_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kakissis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also the last venue in Greece from where the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_flame" title="Olympic flame">Olympic flame</a> handover ceremony to the host nation takes place.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The stadium is built in what was originally a natural ravine between the two hills of Agra and Ardettos,<sup id="cite_ref-culture.gr_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culture.gr-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> south of the <a href="/wiki/Ilissos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilissos">Ilissos</a> river.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETobin199389_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETobin199389-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998133_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998133-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now located in the central Athens district of <a href="/wiki/Pangrati" title="Pangrati">Pangrati</a>, to the east of the <a href="/wiki/National_Garden,_Athens" title="National Garden, Athens">National Gardens</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Zappeion" title="Zappeion">Zappeion</a> Exhibition Hall, to the west of the Pangrati residential district, and between the twin pine-covered hills of Ardettos and Agra. Until the 1950s, the Ilissos River (which is now covered by (and flowing underneath) <a href="/wiki/Vasileos_Konstantinou_Avenue" title="Vasileos Konstantinou Avenue">Vasileos Konstantinou Avenue</a>) ran in front of the stadium's entrance, with the spring of Kallirrhoe, the sanctuary of Pankrates (a local hero), and the <a href="/wiki/Cynosarges" title="Cynosarges">Cynosarges</a> public gymnasium nearby. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally, since the 6th century BC, a racecourse stood at the site. It hosted the <a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_Games" title="Panathenaic Games">Panathenaic Games</a> (also known as the Great Panathenaea), a religious and athletic festival celebrated every four years in honour of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a>. The racecourse had no formal seating and the spectators sat on the natural slopes on the side of the ravine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004133_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarling2004133-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stadium_of_Lykourgos">Stadium of Lykourgos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Stadium of Lykourgos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 4th century BC the Athenian statesman <a href="/wiki/Lycurgus_of_Athens" title="Lycurgus of Athens">Lykourgos</a> (Lycurgus) built an 850-foot (260 m) long stadium of <a href="/wiki/Poros_stone" title="Poros stone">poros stone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dinsmoor_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dinsmoor-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tiers of stone benches were arranged around the track. The track was 669 feet (204 m) long and 110 feet (34 m) wide.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004133_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarling2004133-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i>Lives of the Ten Orators</i> <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Plutarch" title="Pseudo-Plutarch">Pseudo-Plutarch</a> writes that a certain Deinas, the owner of the property where the stadium was built was persuaded by Lykourgos to donate the land to the city and Lykourgos leveled a ravine.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_et_al_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_et_al-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomano1985444_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERomano1985444-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Inscriptiones_Graecae" title="Inscriptiones Graecae">IG II²</a> 351 (dated 329 BC), records that Eudemus of Plataea gave 1000 yoke of oxen for the construction of the stadium and theater. According to Romano the "reference to the large number of oxen, indicating a vast undertaking, and the use of the word <i>charadra</i> have suggested the kind of building activity that would have been needed to prepare the natural valley between the two hills near the Ilissos."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomano1985444_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERomano1985444-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stadium of Lykourgos is believed to have been completed for the Panathenaic Games of 330/329 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Donald Kyle suggests that it is possible that Lykourgos did not build but "renovated or embellished a pre-existing facility to give it monumental stature."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Richard_Ernest_Wycherley" title="Richard Ernest Wycherley">Richard Ernest Wycherley</a> the stadium probably had stone seating "only for a privileged few."<sup id="cite_ref-Wycherley_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wycherley-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reconstruction_by_Herodes_Atticus">Reconstruction by Herodes Atticus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reconstruction by Herodes Atticus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1734_-_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens_-_Herodes_Atticus_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto,_Nov_11_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/1734_-_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Athens_-_Herodes_Atticus_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_11_2009.jpg/170px-1734_-_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Athens_-_Herodes_Atticus_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_11_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/1734_-_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Athens_-_Herodes_Atticus_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_11_2009.jpg/255px-1734_-_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Athens_-_Herodes_Atticus_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_11_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/1734_-_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Athens_-_Herodes_Atticus_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_11_2009.jpg/340px-1734_-_Archaeological_Museum%2C_Athens_-_Herodes_Atticus_-_Photo_by_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_Nov_11_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1733" data-file-height="2590" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Herodes_Atticus" title="Herodes Atticus">Herodes Atticus</a> rebuilt the stadium in marble by 144 AD.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Herodes_Atticus" title="Herodes Atticus">Herodes Atticus</a>, an Athenian who rose to the highest echelons of power in Rome, was responsible for numerous structures in Greece. In Athens he is best known for the reconstruction of the Panathenaic Stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETobin199381_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETobin199381-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tobin suggests that "Herodes built the stadium soon after [his father] Atticus's death, which occurred around A.D. 138. The first Greater Panathenaia following his father's demise was 139/40, and it is probable that at that time Herodes promised the refurbishment of the stadium. According to <a href="/wiki/Philostratus" title="Philostratus">Philostratus</a>, it was completed four years later, which would have been in 143/4."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETobin199381_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETobin199381-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These dates (139/140-143-144 AD) are now widely cited as construction dates of the stadium of Herodes Atticus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004134_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarling2004134-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dinsmoor_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dinsmoor-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Miller_2006_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_2006-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Welch writes that the stadium was completed by 143, in time for Panathenaic festival.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998133_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998133-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Biel_Trone_(Marble_Chair_from_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_at_Athens,_as_Rebuilt_by_Herodes_Atticus_in_AD_140-143)_-_British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/The_Biel_Trone_%28Marble_Chair_from_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_at_Athens%2C_as_Rebuilt_by_Herodes_Atticus_in_AD_140-143%29_-_British_Museum.jpg/220px-The_Biel_Trone_%28Marble_Chair_from_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_at_Athens%2C_as_Rebuilt_by_Herodes_Atticus_in_AD_140-143%29_-_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/The_Biel_Trone_%28Marble_Chair_from_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_at_Athens%2C_as_Rebuilt_by_Herodes_Atticus_in_AD_140-143%29_-_British_Museum.jpg/330px-The_Biel_Trone_%28Marble_Chair_from_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_at_Athens%2C_as_Rebuilt_by_Herodes_Atticus_in_AD_140-143%29_-_British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/The_Biel_Trone_%28Marble_Chair_from_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_at_Athens%2C_as_Rebuilt_by_Herodes_Atticus_in_AD_140-143%29_-_British_Museum.jpg/440px-The_Biel_Trone_%28Marble_Chair_from_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_at_Athens%2C_as_Rebuilt_by_Herodes_Atticus_in_AD_140-143%29_-_British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2220" data-file-height="1952" /></a><figcaption>The "Biel Throne", a marble chair from the stadium in the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The new stadium was built completely of <a href="/wiki/Ashlar" title="Ashlar">ashlar</a> masonry<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pentelicus" title="Mount Pentelicus">Pentelic</a> marble,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004133_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarling2004133-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dinsmoor_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dinsmoor-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> using minimal concrete.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stadium was built at a time of resurgence of Greek culture in the mid-2nd century. Although the stadium was a "quintessentially Greek architectural type",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998133_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998133-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was "Roman in scale" with a massive capacity of 50,000,<sup id="cite_ref-Wycherley_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wycherley-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is roughly the same as that of the <a href="/wiki/Stadium_of_Domitian" title="Stadium of Domitian">Stadium of Domitian</a> in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stadia of the Classical and Hellenistic periods were smaller.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-culture.gr_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culture.gr-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Welch there is a possibility that criminals were executed in the stadium, however, no evidence exists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998137_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998137-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A marble throne from the <i>prohedria</i> (front row seating) of the stadium is kept in the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>. One side of the throne includes a relief showing an olive tree and a table on which rests set of wreaths and a <a href="/wiki/Panathenaic_amphora" title="Panathenaic amphora">Panathenaic amphora</a>. The front leg is in the form of an owl.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ten similar thrones have been found around Athens.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECecconi2020443_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECecconi2020443-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Herodes Atticus built it as "an architectural means of self-representation, and it did something analogous. The architecture of the building makes allusions to the Classical past while remaining unmistakably modern. It is Roman in scale, but it self-consciously rejects the distinguishingly Roman features of monumental facade and extensive vaulting."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seats of the <a href="/wiki/Cavea" title="Cavea">cavea</a> were decorated with owls in relief, which symbolize <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Katherine Welch wrote in a 1998 article "Greek stadia and Roman spectacles":<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998137–138_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998137–138-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa ); color: var( --color-base, black ); border: 1px solid #aaa; display:table; float:none; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">Though traditional in building materials and construction technique, the track included modern features that were specifically designed to accommodate Roman entertainments. [...] It may thus be argued that the Panathenaic Stadium of Herodes Atticus, who was both Athens' leading son and a Roman consul, represents a middle ground between two conflicting cultural expectations. Its architectural for was self-consciously old-fashioned, yet in scale and function the building was thoroughly modern. Herodes Atticus built a new Panathenaic Stadium whose architecture reflected the prevailing nostalgia for Classical Greece but whose functions reflected the new realities of Roman power. While the building continued to be used chiefly for athletic competitions, its running track was also a place where during the imperial cult festival wild animals were slaughtered and hardened criminals (gladiators) fought, bled, and died.</div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abandonment">Abandonment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Abandonment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panathenaic_stadium_1835.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Panathenaic_stadium_1835.png/220px-Panathenaic_stadium_1835.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Panathenaic_stadium_1835.png/330px-Panathenaic_stadium_1835.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Panathenaic_stadium_1835.png/440px-Panathenaic_stadium_1835.png 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>The ruins of the stadium in the background, 1835</figcaption></figure> <p>After Hellenistic festivals and bloody spectacles were banned by Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a> in the late 4th century, the stadium was abandoned and fell into ruin. Gradually, its significance was forgotten and a field of wheat covered the site.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004134_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarling2004134-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Athens" title="Duchy of Athens">Latin rule of Athens</a>, Crusader knights held feats of arms at the stadium. A 15th century traveler saw "not only several rows of white marble benches, but also the portico at the entrance of the stadion, which he calls the north entrance, and the stoa round the koilon, which he calls the south entrance."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolites189648_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolites189648-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The derelict stadium's marbles were incorporated into other buildings. European travelers wrote of "magical rites enacted by young Athenian maidens in the ruined vaulted passage, aimed at finding a good husband."<sup id="cite_ref-hoc_history_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoc_history-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panathinaiko_Stadio_1870.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Panathinaiko_Stadio_1870.JPG/220px-Panathinaiko_Stadio_1870.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Panathinaiko_Stadio_1870.JPG/330px-Panathinaiko_Stadio_1870.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Panathinaiko_Stadio_1870.JPG/440px-Panathinaiko_Stadio_1870.JPG 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="308" /></a><figcaption>The stadium 1870, following excavations by Ziller</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_reconstruction">Modern reconstruction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern reconstruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Excavations_and_Zappas_Olympics">Excavations and Zappas Olympics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Excavations and Zappas Olympics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greece's independence</a>, archaeological excavation as early as 1836 uncovered traces of the stadium of Herodes Atticus. Further, more thorough, excavation was conducted by the German-born architect <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ziller" title="Ernst Ziller">Ernst Ziller</a> in 1869–70.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETobin199382_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETobin199382-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some marbles of the stadium and four <a href="/wiki/Herma" class="mw-redirect" title="Herma">Hermai</a> were found.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Zappas_Olympics" title="Zappas Olympics">Zappas Olympics</a>, an early attempt to revive the ancient Olympic Games, were held at the stadium in 1870 and 1875. They were sponsored by the Greek benefactor <a href="/wiki/Evangelis_Zappas" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelis Zappas">Evangelis Zappas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hoc_history_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoc_history-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The games had an audience of 30,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoung1996_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoung1996-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1896_Olympics">1896 Olympics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1896 Olympics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Greek government, through crown prince <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_of_Greece" title="Constantine I of Greece">Constantine</a>, requested the Egypt-based Greek businessman <a href="/wiki/George_Averoff" title="George Averoff">George Averoff</a>, to sponsor the second refurbishment of the stadium prior to the <a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">1896 Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoung1996128_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoung1996128-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based on the findings of Ziller, a reconstruction plan was prepared by the architect <a href="/wiki/Anastasios_Metaxas" title="Anastasios Metaxas">Anastasios Metaxas</a> in the mid-1890s.<sup id="cite_ref-Kakissis_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kakissis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Darling writes that "He duplicated the dimensions and design of the second-century structure, arranging the tiers of seats around the U-shaped track."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004135_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarling2004135-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was rebuilt in Pentelic marble and is "distinguished by its high degree of fidelity to the ancient monument of Herodes."<sup id="cite_ref-hoc_history_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoc_history-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Averoff donated 920,000 <a href="/wiki/Modern_drachma" title="Modern drachma">drachmas</a> to this project.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004135_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarling2004135-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoung1996128_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoung1996128-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a tribute to his generosity, a statue of Averoff was constructed and unveiled on 5 April 1896 outside the stadium. It stands there to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The stadium held the opening and closing ceremonies of the <a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">1896 Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoung1996153_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoung1996153-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 April (25 March according to the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a> then in use in Greece), the games of the First Olympiad were officially opened; it was <a href="/wiki/Easter_Monday" title="Easter Monday">Easter Monday</a> for both the <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Christian Churches</a> and the anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greece's independence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stadium was filled with an estimated 60,000 spectators,<sup id="cite_ref-IOC_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including King <a href="/wiki/George_I_of_Greece" title="George I of Greece">George I of Greece</a>, his wife <a href="/wiki/Olga_Constantinovna_of_Russia" title="Olga Constantinovna of Russia">Olga</a>, and their sons. Most of the competing athletes were aligned on the infield, grouped by nation. After a speech by the president of the organizing committee, Crown Prince Constantine, his father officially opened the games. The stadium also served as the venue for <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Athletics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Gymnastics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Weightlifting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">Wrestling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 168.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panathenaic_Stadium_1895_reconstruction.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Reconstruction works at the stadium, 1895"><img alt="Reconstruction works at the stadium, 1895" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Panathenaic_Stadium_1895_reconstruction.png/253px-Panathenaic_Stadium_1895_reconstruction.png" decoding="async" width="169" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Panathenaic_Stadium_1895_reconstruction.png/380px-Panathenaic_Stadium_1895_reconstruction.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Panathenaic_Stadium_1895_reconstruction.png/505px-Panathenaic_Stadium_1895_reconstruction.png 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="419" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reconstruction works at the stadium, 1895</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 348.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 346.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panathenaic_Stadium_1896_oppening.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The first day of the 1896 Olympics"><img alt="Panorama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Panathenaic_Stadium_1896_oppening.jpg/520px-Panathenaic_Stadium_1896_oppening.jpg" decoding="async" width="347" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Panathenaic_Stadium_1896_oppening.jpg/781px-Panathenaic_Stadium_1896_oppening.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Panathenaic_Stadium_1896_oppening.jpg/1039px-Panathenaic_Stadium_1896_oppening.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The first day of the 1896 Olympics</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Athens_1896-Entrance_of_the_Pan-Athenian_stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance of participants to the stadium. The Acropolis is seen in the background."><img alt="Entrance of participants to the stadium. The Acropolis is seen in the background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Athens_1896-Entrance_of_the_Pan-Athenian_stadium.jpg/255px-Athens_1896-Entrance_of_the_Pan-Athenian_stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Athens_1896-Entrance_of_the_Pan-Athenian_stadium.jpg/383px-Athens_1896-Entrance_of_the_Pan-Athenian_stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Athens_1896-Entrance_of_the_Pan-Athenian_stadium.jpg/509px-Athens_1896-Entrance_of_the_Pan-Athenian_stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="705" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance of participants to the stadium. The <a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis</a> is seen in the background.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The opening ceremony"><img alt="The opening ceremony" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg/330px-1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg/496px-1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg/660px-1896_Olympic_opening_ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The opening ceremony</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1906_Intercalated_Games">1906 Intercalated Games</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1906 Intercalated Games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The stadium hosted the <a href="/wiki/1906_Intercalated_Games" title="1906 Intercalated Games">1906 Intercalated Games</a> from 22 April to 2 May.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Athens_archery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Athens_archery.jpg/170px-Athens_archery.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Athens_archery.jpg/255px-Athens_archery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Athens_archery.jpg/340px-Athens_archery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="788" /></a><figcaption>Archery matches in the stadium during the 2004 Olympics</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Home_of_AEK_Basketball_Club">Home of AEK Basketball Club</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Home of AEK Basketball Club"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the mid- to late 1960s, the stadium was used by <a href="/wiki/AEK_B.C." title="AEK B.C.">AEK Basketball Club</a>. On 4 April 1968, the <a href="/wiki/1967%E2%80%9368_FIBA_European_Cup_Winners%27_Cup" title="1967–68 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup">1967–68 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup</a> final was hosted in the stadium where AEK defeated <a href="/wiki/USK_Praha" title="USK Praha">Slavia VŠ Praha</a> in front of around 70,000 seated spectators inside the arena and another 10,000 standing spectators near the entrance.<sup id="cite_ref-IOC_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IOC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Regime_of_the_Colonels">Regime of the Colonels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Regime of the Colonels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Greek_military_junta_of_1967%E2%80%9374" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek military junta of 1967–74">Regime of the Colonels</a> (1967–74), large annual events were held at the stadium, particularly the "Festival of the Military Virtues of the Greeks" (in late August-early September) and the "Revolution of 21 April 1967", the date of the coup that brought the right-wing regime to power. In these festivals, the stadium, "with its aura of antiquity stood as a monument to Greek rebirth, national pride, and international interest." The dictators exploited its setting to showcase their supposed popularity and propagate their new, "revolutionary" political culture.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2004_Olympics">2004 Olympics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2004 Olympics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The stadium "needed no major refurbishing" prior to the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a> in Athens.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the games the stadium hosted the <a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 2004 Summer Olympics">archery</a> competition (15–21 August) and was the finish of the <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics">Marathon</a> for both <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_marathon" title="Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's marathon">women</a> (22 August) and <a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_marathon" title="Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon">men</a> (29 August).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2011_Special_Olympics_World_Summer_Games">2011 Special Olympics World Summer Games</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2011 Special Olympics World Summer Games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The opening ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/2011_Special_Olympics_World_Summer_Games" title="2011 Special Olympics World Summer Games">2011 Special Olympics World Summer Games</a> were held here which featured special appearances such as <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Williams" title="Vanessa Williams">Vanessa Williams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Ziyi" title="Zhang Ziyi">Zhang Ziyi</a>. The games ran from 25 June to 5 July. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concert_venue">Concert venue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Concert venue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On occasion, the stadium has also been used as a venue for selected musical and dance performances. </p> <ul><li>In April 1916 <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Aida" title="Aida">Aida</a></i> was staged at the stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-moments_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moments-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 23–24 July 1985 the "Rock in Athens" Festival took place featuring singers and bands like <a href="/wiki/Depeche_Mode" title="Depeche Mode">Depeche Mode</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Stranglers" title="The Stranglers">The Stranglers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_Club" title="Culture Club">Culture Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Cure" title="The Cure">The Cure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk_Talk" title="Talk Talk">Talk Talk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nina_Hagen" title="Nina Hagen">Nina Hagen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Clash" title="The Clash">The Clash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-moments_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moments-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 2 October 1988 the "Live AID – Concert for AIDS" was held in the stadium including artists like <a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Tyler" title="Bonnie Tyler">Bonnie Tyler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Jett" title="Joan Jett">Joan Jett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Run%E2%80%93D.M.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Run–D.M.C.">Run–D.M.C.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_Uhuru" title="Black Uhuru">Black Uhuru</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 5 October 2008, the stadium hosted the <a href="/wiki/MTV_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="MTV Greece">MTV Greece</a> launch party, with guests <a href="/wiki/R.E.M." title="R.E.M.">R.E.M.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Chiefs" title="Kaiser Chiefs">Kaiser Chiefs</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%EF%BC%9AReal" class="mw-redirect" title="C：Real">C：Real</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gabriella_Cilmi" title="Gabriella Cilmi">Gabriella Cilmi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 1 July 2009, <a href="/wiki/Sakis_Rouvas" title="Sakis Rouvas">Sakis Rouvas</a> performed a sold-out concert in support of environmental issues before an audience of 50,000. it was the largest attendance ever at the stadium for a non-sporting event, and the largest attendance for a single musical artist in Greek history.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 16 July 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Scorpions_(band)" title="Scorpions (band)">Scorpions</a> gave the “Once in a Lifetime” concert at the stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 5 October 2024, <a href="/wiki/Anna_Vissi" title="Anna Vissi">Anna Vissi</a> broke every previous record with a concert attended by 65,000 fans</li></ul> <p>Other concerts include those of Spanish tenor <a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A1cido_Domingo" title="Plácido Domingo">Plácido Domingo</a> (27 June 2007)<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a dance performance by <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Joaquín Cortés">Joaquín Cortés</a> (14 September 2009).<sup id="cite_ref-moments_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moments-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_events">Other events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Other events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The stadium hosted the opening ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/1997_World_Championships_in_Athletics" title="1997 World Championships in Athletics">1997 World Championships in Athletics</a> on a concept by composer <a href="/wiki/Vangelis" title="Vangelis">Vangelis</a> and along with the performance of soprano <a href="/wiki/Montserrat_Caball%C3%A9" title="Montserrat Caballé">Montserrat Caballé</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-moments_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moments-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In more recent years, the stadium has been often used to honour the homecoming of victorious Greek athletes, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Greece_national_football_team" title="Greece national football team">Greece national football team</a> after its victory at the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2004" title="UEFA Euro 2004">UEFA Euro 2004</a> on 5 July 2004<sup id="cite_ref-moments_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moments-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as Greek medalists in recent <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>. </p><p>The stadium was the venue for the <a href="/wiki/Dior" title="Dior">Dior</a> Cruise 2022 show. The collection drew inspiration from Ancient Greek art and Greek folk culture as well as Christian Dior's Fall 1951 campaign photoshoot on the Acropolis. The show was attended by many A-listers, such as <a href="/wiki/Anya_Taylor-Joy" title="Anya Taylor-Joy">Anya Taylor-Joy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cara_Delevingne" title="Cara Delevingne">Cara Delevingne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jisoo" title="Jisoo">Jisoo</a> and many other global and Greek stars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Katherine Welch described the stadium as a "great marble flight of steps terraced into the contours of a U-shaped ravine — splendid in materials but ostentatiously simple in construction technique."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influence">Influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Panathenaic Stadium influenced the stadium architecture in the West in the 20th century. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Stadium" title="Harvard Stadium">Harvard Stadium</a> in Boston, built in 1903, was modeled after the Panathenaic Stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designated as a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a>, it is the first collegiate athletic stadium in the United States. <a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Stadion" title="Deutsches Stadion">Deutsches Stadion</a> in Nuremberg, designed by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a>, was also modeled on the Panathenaic Stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speer was inspired by the stadium when he visited Athens in 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stadium was designed for some 400,000 spectators and was one of the monumental structures of the Nazi regime. Its construction began in 1937, but was never completed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemorations">Commemorations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Commemorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Panathenaic Stadium was selected as the main motif for a high value euro collectors' coin; the €100 Greek <a href="/wiki/Euro_gold_and_silver_commemorative_coins_(Greece)#2003_coinage" title="Euro gold and silver commemorative coins (Greece)">The Panathenaic Stadium commemorative coin</a>, minted in 2003 to commemorate the <a href="/wiki/2004_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Olympics">2004 Olympics</a>. In the obverse of the coin, the stadium is depicted. It is shown on the obverse of all <a href="/wiki/Olympic_medal" title="Olympic medal">Olympic medals</a> awarded in the 2004 Olympics, and it was also used for the succeeding Summer Olympics in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> in <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008</a>, in London in <a href="/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics" title="2012 Summer Olympics">2012</a>, in Rio de Janeiro in <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics" title="2016 Summer Olympics">2016</a>, and in Tokyo in <a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2021</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panathenaic_Stadium.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Atlas von Athen, Berlin, 1878"><img alt="Atlas von Athen, Berlin, 1878" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Panathenaic_Stadium.png/145px-Panathenaic_Stadium.png" decoding="async" width="97" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Panathenaic_Stadium.png/218px-Panathenaic_Stadium.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Panathenaic_Stadium.png/290px-Panathenaic_Stadium.png 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="523" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Atlas von Athen, Berlin, 1878</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Estadio_Panatenaico.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Estadio_Panatenaico.JPG/260px-Estadio_Panatenaico.JPG" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Estadio_Panatenaico.JPG/391px-Estadio_Panatenaico.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Estadio_Panatenaico.JPG/520px-Estadio_Panatenaico.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kallimarmaron_NW.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Kallimarmaron_NW.JPG/294px-Kallimarmaron_NW.JPG" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Kallimarmaron_NW.JPG/441px-Kallimarmaron_NW.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Kallimarmaron_NW.JPG/587px-Kallimarmaron_NW.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 292.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 290.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Athens2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View from Mt. Lycabettus at night"><img alt="View from Mt. Lycabettus at night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Athens2.jpg/436px-Athens2.jpg" decoding="async" width="291" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Athens2.jpg/655px-Athens2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Athens2.jpg/871px-Athens2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3958" data-file-height="1773" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View from Mt. Lycabettus at night</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 99.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 97.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%CE%94%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B2%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82,_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Discobolus statue outside the stadium by Konstantinos Dimitriadis"><img alt="Discobolus statue outside the stadium by Konstantinos Dimitriadis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%CE%94%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B2%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82%2C_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/146px-%CE%94%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B2%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82%2C_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%CE%94%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B2%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82%2C_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/220px-%CE%94%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B2%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82%2C_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%CE%94%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B2%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82%2C_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/292px-%CE%94%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B2%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82%2C_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Discobolus statue outside the stadium by <a href="/wiki/Konstantinos_Dimitriadis" title="Konstantinos Dimitriadis">Konstantinos Dimitriadis</a></div> </li> </ul> <dl><dt>Panorama of the Panathenaic stadium from the entrance</dt></dl> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 521.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 519.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GR-athen-panathinaiko-stadion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/GR-athen-panathinaiko-stadion.jpg/779px-GR-athen-panathinaiko-stadion.jpg" decoding="async" width="520" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/GR-athen-panathinaiko-stadion.jpg/1170px-GR-athen-panathinaiko-stadion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/GR-athen-panathinaiko-stadion.jpg/1557px-GR-athen-panathinaiko-stadion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2259" data-file-height="653" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 382px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 380px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kallimarmaron_Panathinaiko-Stadion_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Kallimarmaron_Panathinaiko-Stadion_2014.jpg/570px-Kallimarmaron_Panathinaiko-Stadion_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="380" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Kallimarmaron_Panathinaiko-Stadion_2014.jpg/856px-Kallimarmaron_Panathinaiko-Stadion_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Kallimarmaron_Panathinaiko-Stadion_2014.jpg/1140px-Kallimarmaron_Panathinaiko-Stadion_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5988" data-file-height="2365" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultanahmet_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultanahmet Square">Hippodrome of Constantinople</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Panathenaic_Stadium" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Panathenaic Stadium">Panathenaic Stadium</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">στάδιον Παναθηναικόν</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">stádion Panathēnaikón</i></span>, as spelled by <a href="/wiki/Philostratus" title="Philostratus">Philostratus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998139_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998139-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The dominant view is that Herodes Atticus built the stadium on the site of the Lykourgan stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998133_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998133-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Romano suggested a long terrace at the <a href="/wiki/Pnyx" title="Pnyx">Pnyx</a> hill was the location of the Lykourgan stadium because when <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ziller" title="Ernst Ziller">Ernst Ziller</a> excavated the site of the Panathenaic Stadium he "found no trace of an earlier stadium."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomano1985444–445_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERomano1985444–445-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miller et al. criticize Romano's proposed location: "There is certainly no indication in Ziller's account that he was even concerned with looking for traces of anything earlier that the Stadium of Herodus Atticus."<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_et_al_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_et_al-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>References</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hoc.gr/premises/panathenaic-stadium/">"ΠΑΝΑΘΗΝΑΪΚΟ ΣΤΑΔΙΟ"</a> (in Greek)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%A0%CE%91%CE%9D%CE%91%CE%98%CE%97%CE%9D%CE%91%CE%AA%CE%9A%CE%9F+%CE%A3%CE%A4%CE%91%CE%94%CE%99%CE%9F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoc.gr%2Fpremises%2Fpanathenaic-stadium%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IOC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IOC_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IOC_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IOC_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hoc.gr/en/premises/panathenaic-stadium/">"PANATHENAIC STADIUM"</a>. International Olympic Committee<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PANATHENAIC+STADIUM&rft.pub=International+Olympic+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoc.gr%2Fen%2Fpremises%2Fpanathenaic-stadium%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998139-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998139_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWelch1998">Welch 1998</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kakissis-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kakissis_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kakissis_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kakissis_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKakissis2014" class="citation news cs1">Kakissis, Joanna (15 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/19/travel/things-to-do-in-36-hours-in-athens.html?_r=0">"36 Hours in Athens"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=36+Hours+in+Athens&rft.date=2014-10-15&rft.aulast=Kakissis&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F10%2F19%2Ftravel%2Fthings-to-do-in-36-hours-in-athens.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarling2004135-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004135_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004135_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004135_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004135_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDarling2004">Darling 2004</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBehan2016" class="citation news cs1">Behan, Rosemary (22 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenational.ae/arts-life/ultratravel/ultratravel-cityguide-ancient-athens-is-great-value-and-affluent-in-all-the-right-ways">"Ultratravel cityguide: Ancient Athens is great value and affluent in all the right ways"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_National_(Abu_Dhabi)" title="The National (Abu Dhabi)">The National</a></i>. Abu Dhabi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=Ultratravel+cityguide%3A+Ancient+Athens+is+great+value+and+affluent+in+all+the+right+ways&rft.date=2016-03-22&rft.aulast=Behan&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.ae%2Farts-life%2Fultratravel%2Fultratravel-cityguide-ancient-athens-is-great-value-and-affluent-in-all-the-right-ways&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theweek.in/news/sports/greece-hands-over-olympic-flame-to-rio-2016-organisers.html">"Greece hands over Olympic flame to Rio 2016 organisers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Week_(Indian_magazine)" title="The Week (Indian magazine)">The Week</a></i>. Kochi, India. 28 April 2016. <q>The flame that will burn for Rio Olympic Games was handed over to the Brazilian organisers in a spectacular ceremony held at Panathenaic Stadium in Athens.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Week&rft.atitle=Greece+hands+over+Olympic+flame+to+Rio+2016+organisers&rft.date=2016-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theweek.in%2Fnews%2Fsports%2Fgreece-hands-over-olympic-flame-to-rio-2016-organisers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/london-2012-olympics-blog/2012/may/17/olympic-flame-handover-from-greece-to-london-live-coverage">"Olympic flame handover from Greece to London"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 17 May 2012. <q>The Olympic flame is due to be handed over from Greece to London this afternoon at the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Olympic+flame+handover+from+Greece+to+London&rft.date=2012-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2Flondon-2012-olympics-blog%2F2012%2Fmay%2F17%2Folympic-flame-handover-from-greece-to-london-live-coverage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-culture.gr-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-culture.gr_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-culture.gr_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-culture.gr_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171028084007/http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/2/eh251.jsp?obj_id=1777">"Panathenaic Stadium"</a>. <i>culture.gr</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Sports_(Greece)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Culture and Sports (Greece)">Hellenic Republic Ministry of Culture and Sports</a>. 2012. Archived from the original on 2017-10-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=culture.gr&rft.atitle=Panathenaic+Stadium&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fodysseus.culture.gr%2Fh%2F2%2Feh251.jsp%3Fobj_id%3D1777&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span> ()</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETobin199389-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETobin199389_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTobin1993">Tobin 1993</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998133-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998133_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998133_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998133_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998133_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWelch1998">Welch 1998</a>, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarling2004133-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004133_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004133_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004133_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDarling2004">Darling 2004</a>, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dinsmoor-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dinsmoor_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dinsmoor_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dinsmoor_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDinsmoor1950" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_Dinsmoor" title="William Bell Dinsmoor">Dinsmoor, William Bell</a> (1950). <i>The Architecture of Ancient Greece: An Account of Its Historic Development</i>. Biblo & Tannen Publishers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BqahvzeE39YC&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=u-shaped+stadiums+athens">250</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780819602831" title="Special:BookSources/9780819602831"><bdi>9780819602831</bdi></a>. <q>The Panathenaic stadium at Athens, 850 feet long, was constructed of poros stone by the legislator Lycurgus [...]; it was only long afterwards, at about A.D. 143, the stadium was reconstructed in Pentelic marble by Herodes Atticus.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Architecture+of+Ancient+Greece%3A+An+Account+of+Its+Historic+Development&rft.pages=250&rft.pub=Biblo+%26+Tannen+Publishers&rft.date=1950&rft.isbn=9780819602831&rft.aulast=Dinsmoor&rft.aufirst=William+Bell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller_et_al-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_et_al_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_et_al_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerKnappChamberlain2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_G._Miller" title="Stephen G. Miller">Miller, Stephen G.</a>; Knapp, Robert C.; Chamberlain, David (2001). <i>The Early Hellenistic Stadium</i>. University of California Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmHZWOYJ1QkC&pg=PA211&dq=lykourgos+panathenaic+stadium">211</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520216778" title="Special:BookSources/9780520216778"><bdi>9780520216778</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Hellenistic+Stadium&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780520216778&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Stephen+G.&rft.au=Knapp%2C+Robert+C.&rft.au=Chamberlain%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERomano1985444-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomano1985444_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomano1985444_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRomano1985">Romano 1985</a>, p. 444.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wycherley-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wycherley_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wycherley_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wycherley_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWycherley1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ernest_Wycherley" title="Richard Ernest Wycherley">Wycherley, Richard Ernest</a> (1978). <i>The Stones of Athens</i>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9qh9BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=stadium+of+athens">215</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stones+of+Athens&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Wycherley&rft.aufirst=Richard+Ernest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hoc_history-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hoc_history_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hoc_history_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hoc_history_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hoc_history_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171028084145/http://www.panathenaicstadium.gr/ThePanathenaicStadium/History/tabid/96/language/en-US/Default.aspx">"History"</a>. <i>panathenaicstadium.gr</i>. <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Olympic_Committee" title="Hellenic Olympic Committee">Hellenic Olympic Committee</a>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panathenaicstadium.gr/ThePanathenaicStadium/History/tabid/96/language/en-US/Default.aspx">the original</a> on 2017-10-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=panathenaicstadium.gr&rft.atitle=History&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panathenaicstadium.gr%2FThePanathenaicStadium%2FHistory%2Ftabid%2F96%2Flanguage%2Fen-US%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span> (, )</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller_2006-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_2006_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miller_2006_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_G._Miller" title="Stephen G. Miller">Miller, Stephen G.</a> (2006). <i>Ancient Greek Athletics</i>. Yale University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ancientgreekathl00mill/page/137">137</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300115291" title="Special:BookSources/9780300115291"><bdi>9780300115291</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Greek+Athletics&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780300115291&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Stephen+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbrahams" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Abrahams" title="Harold Abrahams">Abrahams, Harold</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/sports/Olympic-Games/History-of-the-modern-Summer-Games#ref364516">"Olympic Games"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. <q>The track-and-field events were held at the Panathenaic Stadium. The stadium, originally built in 330 bce, had been excavated but not rebuilt for the 1870 Greek Olympics and lay in disrepair before the 1896 Olympics, but through the direction and financial aid of Georgios Averoff, a wealthy Egyptian Greek, it was restored with white marble.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Olympic+Games&rft.aulast=Abrahams&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fsports%2FOlympic-Games%2FHistory-of-the-modern-Summer-Games%23ref364516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-culture.gr_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-culture.gr-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wycherley_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wycherley-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hoc_history_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoc_history-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Miller_2006_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_2006-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKyle1993" class="citation book cs1">Kyle, Donald G. (1993). <i>Athletics in Ancient Athens</i>. BRILL. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qw4NAn5z1lwC&pg=PA94&dq=lykourgos+panathenaic+stadium">94–95</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004097599" title="Special:BookSources/9789004097599"><bdi>9789004097599</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Athletics+in+Ancient+Athens&rft.pages=94-95&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9789004097599&rft.aulast=Kyle&rft.aufirst=Donald+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETobin199381-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETobin199381_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETobin199381_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTobin1993">Tobin 1993</a>, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERomano1985444–445-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomano1985444–445_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRomano1985">Romano 1985</a>, pp. 444–445.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDarling2004134-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004134_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDarling2004134_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDarling2004">Darling 2004</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135_27-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998135_27-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWelch1998">Welch 1998</a>, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998137-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998137_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWelch1998">Welch 1998</a>, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_2001-0508-1">"Roman marble throne, known as 'The Biel Throne', from the prohedria of the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens"</a>. <i>britishmuseum.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=britishmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Roman+marble+throne%2C+known+as+%27The+Biel+Throne%27%2C+from+the+prohedria+of+the+Panathenaic+Stadium+in+Athens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fcollection%2Fobject%2FG_2001-0508-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECecconi2020443-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECecconi2020443_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCecconi2020">Cecconi 2020</a>, p. 443.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWelch1998137–138-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWelch1998137–138_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWelch1998">Welch 1998</a>, pp. 137–138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPolites189648-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPolites189648_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPolites1896">Polites 1896</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETobin199382-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETobin199382_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTobin1993">Tobin 1993</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hellenic Olympic Committee, "Panathenean Stadium", informative pamphlet, not dated (after 2004).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoung1996-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoung1996_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYoung1996">Young 1996</a>, Chapter 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoung1996128-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoung1996128_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoung1996128_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYoung1996">Young 1996</a>, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/08/04/101824945.pdf">"George Averoff Dead: A Benefactor of Greece and Egypt"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 4 August 1899.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=George+Averoff+Dead%3A+A+Benefactor+of+Greece+and+Egypt&rft.date=1899-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1899%2F08%2F04%2F101824945.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYoung1996153-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYoung1996153_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYoung1996">Young 1996</a>, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinGynn,_Roger_W._H.2000" class="citation book cs1">Martin, David E.; Gynn, Roger W. H. (2000). "The Olympic Marathon". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qb125O62NVQC&q=Stamata+Revithi"><i>Running through the Ages</i></a>. Human Kinetics. pp. 7–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88011-969-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-88011-969-1"><bdi>0-88011-969-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/42823784">42823784</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Olympic+Marathon&rft.btitle=Running+through+the+Ages&rft.pages=7-8&rft.pub=Human+Kinetics&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F42823784&rft.isbn=0-88011-969-1&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=David+E.&rft.au=Gynn%2C+Roger+W.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQb125O62NVQC%26q%3DStamata%2BRevithi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200627134043/http://www.panathenaicstadium.gr/ThePanathenaicStadium/ThefirstModernOlympicGames/tabid/97/language/en-US/Default.aspx">"The first Modern Olympic Games"</a>. <i>panathenaicstadium.gr</i>. <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Olympic_Committee" title="Hellenic Olympic Committee">Hellenic Olympic Committee</a>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panathenaicstadium.gr/ThePanathenaicStadium/ThefirstModernOlympicGames/tabid/97/language/en-US/Default.aspx">the original</a> on 2020-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=panathenaicstadium.gr&rft.atitle=The+first+Modern+Olympic+Games&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panathenaicstadium.gr%2FThePanathenaicStadium%2FThefirstModernOlympicGames%2Ftabid%2F97%2Flanguage%2Fen-US%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolley2013" class="citation book cs1">Polley, Martin (2013). <i>The British Olympics: Britain's Olympic Heritage 1612-2012</i>. <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k0rCTsicBa8C&pg=PA101&dq=1906+athens+olympics+Intercalated+stadium+panathenaic">101</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781848022263" title="Special:BookSources/9781848022263"><bdi>9781848022263</bdi></a>. <q>...staged their first Intercalated Games, held once again at the Panathenaic Stadium in Athens, from April 22 to May 2, 1906.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Olympics%3A+Britain%27s+Olympic+Heritage+1612-2012&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=English+Heritage&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781848022263&rft.aulast=Polley&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Steen2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gonda_Van_Steen" title="Gonda Van Steen">Van Steen, Gonda</a> (2015). <i>Stage of Emergency: Theater and Public Performance Under the Greek Military Dictatorship of 1967-1974</i>. Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t8yRBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA164&dq=Kallimarmaro+Panathenaic+Stadium">164–167</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198718321" title="Special:BookSources/9780198718321"><bdi>9780198718321</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stage+of+Emergency%3A+Theater+and+Public+Performance+Under+the+Greek+Military+Dictatorship+of+1967-1974&rft.pages=164-167&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780198718321&rft.aulast=Van+Steen&rft.aufirst=Gonda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbins2004" class="citation news cs1">Robbins, Liz (18 July 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/18/travel/the-hurdles-before-the-games.html">"The Hurdles Before the Games"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Hurdles+Before+the+Games&rft.date=2004-07-18&rft.aulast=Robbins&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F07%2F18%2Ftravel%2Fthe-hurdles-before-the-games.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2004/or2004b.pdf"><i>Official Report of the XXVIII Olympiad</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. 2. Athens Organising Committee for the Olympic Games. November 2005. pp. 237, 242, 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/960-88101-8-3" title="Special:BookSources/960-88101-8-3"><bdi>960-88101-8-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080819195306/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2004/or2004b.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 August 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Official+Report+of+the+XXVIII+Olympiad&rft.pages=237%2C+242%2C+244&rft.pub=Athens+Organising+Committee+for+the+Olympic+Games&rft.date=2005-11&rft.isbn=960-88101-8-3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.la84foundation.org%2F6oic%2FOfficialReports%2F2004%2For2004b.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200705231553/http://www.panathenaicstadium.gr/ThePanathenaicStadium/Athens2004/tabid/98/language/en-US/Default.aspx">"Athens 2004"</a>. <i>panathenaicstadium.gr</i>. <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Olympic_Committee" title="Hellenic Olympic Committee">Hellenic Olympic Committee</a>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panathenaicstadium.gr/ThePanathenaicStadium/Athens2004/tabid/98/language/en-US/Default.aspx">the original</a> on 2020-07-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=panathenaicstadium.gr&rft.atitle=Athens+2004&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panathenaicstadium.gr%2FThePanathenaicStadium%2FAthens2004%2Ftabid%2F98%2Flanguage%2Fen-US%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moments-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moments_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moments_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moments_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moments_46-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moments_46-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171028083157/http://www.panathenaicstadium.gr/ThePanathenaicStadium/Memorablemoments/tabid/99/language/en-US/Default.aspx">"Memorable moments"</a>. <i>panathenaicstadium.gr</i>. <a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Olympic_Committee" title="Hellenic Olympic Committee">Hellenic Olympic Committee</a>. 2011. Archived from the original on 2017-10-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=panathenaicstadium.gr&rft.atitle=Memorable+moments&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panathenaicstadium.gr%2FThePanathenaicStadium%2FMemorablemoments%2Ftabid%2F99%2Flanguage%2Fen-US%2FDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span> ()</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapadimitriou1998" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Papadimitriou, Lena (24 May 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tovima.gr/culture/article/?aid=99595">"10 ροκ συναυλίες που δεν θα ξεχάσουμε [10 rock concerts that we will not forget]"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/To_Vima" title="To Vima">To Vima</a></i> (in Greek).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=To+Vima&rft.atitle=10+%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BA+%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B5%CF%82+%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BD+%CE%B8%CE%B1+%CE%BE%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B5+%5B10+rock+concerts+that+we+will+not+forget%5D&rft.date=1998-05-24&rft.aulast=Papadimitriou&rft.aufirst=Lena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tovima.gr%2Fculture%2Farticle%2F%3Faid%3D99595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160810010528/http://www.mtv.com/news/2574602/rem-helps-welcome-mtv-greece-at-concert-in-athens/">"R.E.M. Help Welcome MTV Greece At Concert In Athens"</a>. <i>www.mtv.com</i>. 6 October 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtv.com/news/2574602/rem-helps-welcome-mtv-greece-at-concert-in-athens">the original</a> on August 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.mtv.com&rft.atitle=R.E.M.+Help+Welcome+MTV+Greece+At+Concert+In+Athens&rft.date=2008-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com%2Fnews%2F2574602%2Frem-helps-welcome-mtv-greece-at-concert-in-athens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKonstantopoulos2009" class="citation web cs1">Konstantopoulos, Fotis (2 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090718203055/http://www.oikotimes.com/v2/index.php?file=articles&id=6003">"A spectacular concert by Sakis Rouvas; more than 50,000 attended"</a>. Oikotimes. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oikotimes.com/v2/index.php?file=articles&id=6003">the original</a> on 18 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+spectacular+concert+by+Sakis+Rouvas%3B+more+than+50%2C000+attended&rft.pub=Oikotimes&rft.date=2009-07-02&rft.aulast=Konstantopoulos&rft.aufirst=Fotis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oikotimes.com%2Fv2%2Findex.php%3Ffile%3Darticles%26id%3D6003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130217153326/http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?catid=22733&subid=2&pubid=8986885">"ΜΟΥΣΙΚΗ | «Στα άκρα»... Ηρθε η επιτυχία | ethnos.gr"</a>. <i>archive.ph</i>. 2013-02-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.ph&rft.atitle=%CE%9C%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A3%CE%99%CE%9A%CE%97+%7C+%C2%AB%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B1+%CE%AC%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%C2%BB...+%CE%97%CF%81%CE%B8%CE%B5+%CE%B7+%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%85%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1+%7C+ethnos.gr&rft.date=2013-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.today%2F20130217153326%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnos.gr%2Farticle.asp%3Fcatid%3D22733%26subid%3D2%26pubid%3D8986885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://greece.greekreporter.com/2018/07/16/athens-readies-to-rock-with-the-scorpions-tunes/">"Athens Gets Ready to Rock With Scorpions"</a>. <i>www.greece.greekreporter.com</i>. 16 July 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.greece.greekreporter.com&rft.atitle=Athens+Gets+Ready+to+Rock+With+Scorpions&rft.date=2018-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgreece.greekreporter.com%2F2018%2F07%2F16%2Fathens-readies-to-rock-with-the-scorpions-tunes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hotstation.gr/article1344.html">"Placido Domingo – Γιατροί Χωρίς Σύνορα – Μια φωνή για το Νταρφούρ"</a>. <i>www.hotstation.gr</i> (in Greek). 6 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hotstation.gr&rft.atitle=Placido+Domingo+%E2%80%93+%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%AF+%CE%A7%CF%89%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%82+%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B1+%E2%80%93+%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%B1+%CF%86%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AE+%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%BF+%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81&rft.date=2007-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotstation.gr%2Farticle1344.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x36iaxm">"March with Me - Vangelis with Montserrat Caballe (Live in Athens - Greece)"</a>. <i>dailymotion.com</i>. 12 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dailymotion.com&rft.atitle=March+with+Me+-+Vangelis+with+Montserrat+Caballe+%28Live+in+Athens+-+Greece%29&rft.date=2015-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymotion.com%2Fvideo%2Fx36iaxm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuiliano2015" class="citation book cs1">Guiliano, Jennifer (2015). <i>Indian Spectacle: College Mascots and the Anxiety of Modern America</i>. Rutgers University. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nzx_CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA27&dq=Harvard+Stadium+Panathenaic">27</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813565569" title="Special:BookSources/9780813565569"><bdi>9780813565569</bdi></a>. <q>The first modern stadium was built in 1903 at Harvard University. Modeled on the Olympic Panathenaic stadium that debuted in Athens, Greece, in 1896...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Spectacle%3A+College+Mascots+and+the+Anxiety+of+Modern+America&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Rutgers+University&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780813565569&rft.aulast=Guiliano&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2014" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Jack (22 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/nov/22/harvard-yale-the-game-college-football">"Harvard triumph over Yale to show heart of The Game is still beating strong"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <q>...the century-old design based on the Panathenaic Stadium in Athen, which hosted the first modern Olympic Games, in 1896...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Harvard+triumph+over+Yale+to+show+heart+of+The+Game+is+still+beating+strong&rft.date=2014-11-22&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2014%2Fnov%2F22%2Fharvard-yale-the-game-college-football&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrockmann2006" class="citation book cs1">Brockmann, Stephen (2006). <i>Nuremberg: The Imaginary Capital</i>. <a href="/wiki/Camden_House_Publishing" title="Camden House Publishing">Camden House Publishing</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QnBVEg8t4TcC&pg=PA149&dq=athens">149</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781571133458" title="Special:BookSources/9781571133458"><bdi>9781571133458</bdi></a>. <q>Speer modeled [...] the planned Deutsches Stadion (German stadium) on the Olympic stadium in ancient Athens.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nuremberg%3A+The+Imaginary+Capital&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Camden+House+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781571133458&rft.aulast=Brockmann&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandfesterCancikSchneider2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manfred_Landfester" class="extiw" title="de:Manfred Landfester">Landfester, Manfred</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span>; <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Cancik" class="extiw" title="de:Hubert Cancik">Cancik, Hubert</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span>; Schneider, Helmuth, eds. (2008). <i>Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World. Classical tradition, Volume 3</i>. Brill. p. 816. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004142237" title="Special:BookSources/9789004142237"><bdi>9789004142237</bdi></a>. <q>A 'Deutsches Stadion' was to copy the horseshoe shape of the stadium in Athens, renovated in 1896.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brill%27s+New+Pauly%3A+Encyclopaedia+of+the+Ancient+World.+Classical+tradition%2C+Volume+3&rft.pages=816&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9789004142237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarow1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Karow, Yvonne (1997). <i>Deutsches Opfer: Kultische Selbstauslöschung auf den Reichsparteitagen der NSDAP</i> (in German). Berlin: <a href="/wiki/Akademie_Verlag" title="Akademie Verlag">Akademie Verlag</a>. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783050031408" title="Special:BookSources/9783050031408"><bdi>9783050031408</bdi></a>. <q>Deutsches Stadion (Modell) der typischen Form des langgestreckten Hufeisens – Speer nennt das Athener Stadion des Herodes Atticus, das ihn bei seinem Besuch 1935 tief beeindruckte, als architektonisches Vorbild... translation: Deutsches Stadion (model) of the typical shape of the elongated horseshoe – Speer called the Athens Stadium of Herodes Atticus, the deeply impressed him during his visit in 1935 as an architectural model...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deutsches+Opfer%3A+Kultische+Selbstausl%C3%B6schung+auf+den+Reichsparteitagen+der+NSDAP&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Akademie+Verlag&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9783050031408&rft.aulast=Karow&rft.aufirst=Yvonne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Stadium&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Excavation reports</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiller1870" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ziller" title="Ernst Ziller">Ziller, Ernst</a> (1870). "Ausgrabung am panathenaischen Stadion". <i><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_Bauwesen" class="extiw" title="de:Zeitschrift für Bauwesen">Zeitschrift für Bauwesen</a></i> (in German). <b>20</b>: 485–492.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Bauwesen&rft.atitle=Ausgrabung+am+panathenaischen+Stadion&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=485-492&rft.date=1870&rft.aulast=Ziller&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLampros1870" class="citation book cs1">Lampros, Spyridon P. (1870). <i>Το Παναθηναϊκόν Στάδιον και αι εν αυτώ ανασκαφαί : Εκθέσεις αναγνωσθείσαι εν τω Φιλολογικώ Συλλόγω ο Παρνασσός</i>. Athens: Ν. Γ. Πάσσαρη.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%A4%CE%BF+%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD+%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%B5%CE%BD+%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8E+%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%AF+%3A+%CE%95%CE%BA%CE%B8%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82+%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%B5%CE%BD+%CF%84%CF%89+%CE%A6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E+%CE%A3%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CF%89+%CE%BF+%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CF%8C%CF%82&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=%CE%9D.+%CE%93.+%CE%A0%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B7&rft.date=1870&rft.aulast=Lampros&rft.aufirst=Spyridon+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmpelas1906" class="citation book cs1">Ampelas, Alex (1906). <i>Ολίγαι λέξεις περί σταδίων και δη του Παναθηναϊκού</i>. Athens: Estia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%CE%9F%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BE%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82+%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF+%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%B4%CE%B7+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D&rft.place=Athens&rft.pub=Estia&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Ampelas&rft.aufirst=Alex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGasparri1975" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gasparri, Carlo (1975). "Lo stadio panatenaico. Documenti e testimonianze per una riconsiderazione dell'edificio di Erode Attico". <i>ASAtene</i> (in Italian). 36–37: 313–392.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASAtene&rft.atitle=Lo+stadio+panatenaico.+Documenti+e+testimonianze+per+una+riconsiderazione+dell%27edificio+di+Erode+Attico&rft.volume=36-37&rft.pages=313-392&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Gasparri&rft.aufirst=Carlo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Discussions</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCecconi2020" class="citation journal cs1">Cecconi, Niccolò (2020). "Lo Stadio Panatenaico". <i>Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene e delle Missioni Italiane in Oriente</i>. <b>98</b>: 417–455.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annuario+della+Scuola+Archeologica+di+Atene+e+delle+Missioni+Italiane+in+Oriente&rft.atitle=Lo+Stadio+Panatenaico&rft.volume=98&rft.pages=417-455&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Cecconi&rft.aufirst=Niccol%C3%B2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarling2004" class="citation book cs1">Darling, Janina K. (2004). "Panathenaic Stadium, Athens". <i>Architecture of Greece</i>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4F-v35--l_gC&pg=PA133">133–135</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313321528" title="Special:BookSources/9780313321528"><bdi>9780313321528</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Panathenaic+Stadium%2C+Athens&rft.btitle=Architecture+of+Greece&rft.pages=133-135&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780313321528&rft.aulast=Darling&rft.aufirst=Janina+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalligas2009" class="citation journal cs1">Kalligas, P. G. (2009). "Το Παναθηναϊκό Στάδιο: Μία Νέα Ερμηνεία". <i>Αρχαιολογία Και Τέχνες</i>. <b>113</b>: 86–94.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CE%A4%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82&rft.atitle=%CE%A4%CE%BF+%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CF%8C+%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF%3A+%CE%9C%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%B1+%CE%95%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1&rft.volume=113&rft.pages=86-94&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Kalligas&rft.aufirst=P.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMylonas1997" class="citation journal cs1">Mylonas, P. M. (1997). "Στοιχεία από την παλαιότερη και την πρόσφατη ιστορία του Παναθηναϊκού Σταδίου". <i>PAA</i>: 452–496.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PAA&rft.atitle=%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CE%B1%CF%80%CF%8C+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B7+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B7+%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1+%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85+%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%8D+%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85&rft.pages=452-496&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Mylonas&rft.aufirst=P.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapanicolaou-Christensen2003" class="citation book cs1">Papanicolaou-Christensen, Aristea (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160812064430/http://www.nhmuseum.gr/en/publications/history/the-panathenaic-stadium-its-history-over-the-centuries/"><i>The Panathenaic Stadium: Its history over the centuries</i></a>. Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789608557376" title="Special:BookSources/9789608557376"><bdi>9789608557376</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhmuseum.gr/en/publications/history/the-panathenaic-stadium-its-history-over-the-centuries/">the original</a> on 2016-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Panathenaic+Stadium%3A+Its+history+over+the+centuries&rft.pub=Historical+and+Ethnological+Society+of+Greece&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9789608557376&rft.aulast=Papanicolaou-Christensen&rft.aufirst=Aristea&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhmuseum.gr%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fhistory%2Fthe-panathenaic-stadium-its-history-over-the-centuries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolites1896" class="citation book cs1">Polites, N. G. (1896). "The Panathenaic Stadion". In Lambros, S. P.; Polites, N. G. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151102131051/http://library.la84.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1896/1896.pdf"><i>The Olympic Games: B.C. 776 – A.D. 1896</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. London: H. Grevel and Co. pp. 31–48. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.la84.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1896/1896.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-11-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Panathenaic+Stadion&rft.btitle=The+Olympic+Games%3A+B.C.+776+%E2%80%93+A.D.+1896&rft.place=London&rft.pages=31-48&rft.pub=H.+Grevel+and+Co&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Polites&rft.aufirst=N.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.la84.org%2F6oic%2FOfficialReports%2F1896%2F1896.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRife2008" class="citation journal cs1">Rife, Joseph L. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40651725">"The Burial of Herodes Atticus: Élite Identity, Urban Society, and Public Memory in Roman Greece"</a>. <i>The Journal of Hellenic Studies</i>. <b>128</b>: 92–127. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0075426900000070">10.1017/S0075426900000070</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0075-4269">0075-4269</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40651725">40651725</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Hellenic+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Burial+of+Herodes+Atticus%3A+%C3%89lite+Identity%2C+Urban+Society%2C+and+Public+Memory+in+Roman+Greece&rft.volume=128&rft.pages=92-127&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=0075-4269&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40651725%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0075426900000070&rft.aulast=Rife&rft.aufirst=Joseph+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40651725&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomano1985" class="citation journal cs1">Romano, David Gilman (1985). "The Panathenaic Stadium and Theater of Lykourgos: A Re-Examination of the Facilities on the Pnyx Hill". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Archaeology" title="American Journal of Archaeology">American Journal of Archaeology</a></i>. <b>89</b> (3): 441–454. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F504359">10.2307/504359</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/504359">504359</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191403660">191403660</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=The+Panathenaic+Stadium+and+Theater+of+Lykourgos%3A+A+Re-Examination+of+the+Facilities+on+the+Pnyx+Hill&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=441-454&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191403660%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F504359%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F504359&rft.aulast=Romano&rft.aufirst=David+Gilman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTobin1993" class="citation journal cs1">Tobin, Jennifer (1993). "Some New Thoughts on Herodes Atticus's Tomb, His Stadium of 143/4, and Philostratus VS 2.550". <i><a href="/wiki/American_Journal_of_Archaeology" title="American Journal of Archaeology">American Journal of Archaeology</a></i>. <b>97</b> (1): 81–89. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F505840">10.2307/505840</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11693%2F48694">11693/48694</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/505840">505840</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191509757">191509757</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Some+New+Thoughts+on+Herodes+Atticus%27s+Tomb%2C+His+Stadium+of+143%2F4%2C+and+Philostratus+VS+2.550&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=81-89&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11693%2F48694&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191509757%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F505840%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F505840&rft.aulast=Tobin&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelch1998" class="citation journal cs1">Welch, Katherine (1998). "Greek stadia and Roman spectacles: Asia, Athens, and the tomb of Herodes Atticus". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Roman_Archaeology" title="Journal of Roman Archaeology">Journal of Roman Archaeology</a></i>. <b>11</b>: 117–145. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1047759400017220">10.1017/S1047759400017220</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:160360888">160360888</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Roman+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Greek+stadia+and+Roman+spectacles%3A+Asia%2C+Athens%2C+and+the+tomb+of+Herodes+Atticus&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=117-145&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1047759400017220&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A160360888%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Welch&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2015" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Dyfri (2015). "The Panathenaic Stadium from the Hellenistic to the Roman Period: Panathenaic Prize-Amphorae and the Biel Throne". In Palagia, Olga; Spetsieri-Choremi, Alkestis (eds.). <i>The Panathenaic Games: Proceedings of an International Conference Held at the University of Athens, May 11-12, 2004</i>. Oxbow Books. pp. 147–158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78297-982-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78297-982-1"><bdi>978-1-78297-982-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Panathenaic+Stadium+from+the+Hellenistic+to+the+Roman+Period%3A+Panathenaic+Prize-Amphorae+and+the+Biel+Throne&rft.btitle=The+Panathenaic+Games%3A+Proceedings+of+an+International+Conference+Held+at+the+University+of+Athens%2C+May+11-12%2C+2004&rft.pages=147-158&rft.pub=Oxbow+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-78297-982-1&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Dyfri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung1996" class="citation book cs1">Young, David C. (1996). <i>The Modern Olympics: A Struggle for Revival</i>. Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-7207-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-7207-3"><bdi>0-8018-7207-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Modern+Olympics%3A+A+Struggle+for+Revival&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8018-7207-3&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=David+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APanathenaic+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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Panteleimonas, Athens">Agios Panteleimonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akadimia,_Athens" title="Akadimia, Athens">Akadimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akadimia_Platonos" title="Akadimia Platonos">Akadimia Platonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makrygianni,_Athens" title="Makrygianni, Athens">Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampelokipoi,_Athens" title="Ampelokipoi, Athens">Ampelokipoi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kountouriotika" title="Kountouriotika">Kountouriotika</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asyrmatos,_Athens" title="Asyrmatos, Athens">Asyrmatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroskopeio" title="Asteroskopeio">Asteroskopeio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attiki,_Athens" title="Attiki, Athens">Attiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellinoroson" title="Ellinoroson">Ellinoroson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erythros_Stavros" title="Erythros Stavros">Erythros Stavros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarcheia" title="Exarcheia">Exarcheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazi,_Athens" title="Gazi, Athens">Gazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girokomeio,_Athens" title="Girokomeio, Athens">Girokomeio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyzi" title="Gyzi">Gyzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goudi" title="Goudi">Goudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouva,_Athens" title="Gouva, Athens">Gouva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilisia,_Athens" title="Ilisia, Athens">Ilisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keramikos" class="mw-redirect" title="Keramikos">Keramikos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolokynthou" title="Kolokynthou">Kolokynthou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolonaki" title="Kolonaki">Kolonaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolonos" title="Kolonos">Kolonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koukaki" title="Koukaki">Koukaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kypriadou" title="Kypriadou">Kypriadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kypseli,_Athens" title="Kypseli, Athens">Kypseli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kynosargous" title="Kynosargous">Kynosargous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaxourgeio" title="Metaxourgeio">Metaxourgeio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mets,_Athens" title="Mets, Athens">Mets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastiraki" title="Monastiraki">Monastiraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nea_Filothei" title="Nea Filothei">Nea Filothei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapoli,_Athens" title="Neapoli, Athens">Neapoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neos_Kosmos,_Athens" title="Neos Kosmos, Athens">Neos Kosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omonoia,_Athens" title="Omonoia, Athens">Omonoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangrati" title="Pangrati">Pangrati</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kallimarmaro,_Athens" title="Kallimarmaro, Athens">Kallimarmaro</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patisia" title="Patisia">Patisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedion_tou_Areos" title="Pedion tou Areos">Pedion tou Areos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petralona" title="Petralona">Petralona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philopappou" title="Philopappou">Philopappou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaka" title="Plaka">Plaka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aerides,_Athens" title="Aerides, Athens">Aerides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anafiotika" title="Anafiotika">Anafiotika</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygono,_Athens" title="Polygono, Athens">Polygono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probonas" title="Probonas">Probonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profitis_Daniil,_Athens" title="Profitis Daniil, Athens">Profitis Daniil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profitis_Ilias_(Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Profitis Ilias (Athens)">Profitis Ilias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyri" title="Psyri">Psyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizoupoli" title="Rizoupoli">Rizoupoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouf,_Athens" title="Rouf, Athens">Rouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepolia" title="Sepolia">Sepolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syntagma_Square" title="Syntagma Square">Syntagma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiseio" title="Thiseio">Thiseio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymarakia" title="Thymarakia">Thymarakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treis_Gefyres" title="Treis Gefyres">Treis Gefyres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Votanikos" title="Votanikos">Votanikos</a> (<a href="/wiki/Elaionas" title="Elaionas">Elaionas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_landmarks_of_Athens" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Landmarks_in_Athens" title="Template:Landmarks in Athens"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Landmarks_in_Athens" title="Template talk:Landmarks in Athens"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Landmarks_in_Athens" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Landmarks in Athens"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_landmarks_of_Athens" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major landmarks of <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acropolis_of_Athens" title="Acropolis of Athens">Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Agora_of_Athens" title="Ancient Agora of Athens">Ancient Agora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Hadrian_(Athens)" title="Arch of Hadrian (Athens)">Arch of Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areopagus" title="Areopagus">Areopagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_(classical)" title="Lyceum (classical)">Aristotle’s Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Library" title="Hadrian's Library">Hadrian's Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerameikos" title="Kerameikos">Kerameikos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choragic_Monument_of_Lysicrates" title="Choragic Monument of Lysicrates">Monument of Lysicrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odeon_of_Herodes_Atticus" title="Odeon of Herodes Atticus">Odeon of Herodes Atticus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panathenaic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philopappos_Monument" title="Philopappos Monument">Philopappos Hill/Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_Academy" title="Platonic Academy">Platonic Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnyx" title="Pnyx">Pnyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotzia_Square#Excavations" title="Kotzia Square">Remains of the Acharnian Road, Acharnian Gate and Cemetery Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Walls" title="Long Walls">Remains of the Long Walls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Agora" title="Roman Agora">Roman Agora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoa_of_Attalos" title="Stoa of Attalos">Stoa of Attalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Hephaestus" title="Temple of Hephaestus">Temple of Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Olympian_Zeus,_Athens" title="Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens">Temple of Olympian Zeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Dionysus" title="Theatre of Dionysus">Theatre of Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_the_Winds" title="Tower of the Winds">Tower of the Winds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greece" title="Byzantine Greece">Byzantine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Metropolis" title="Little Metropolis">Little Metropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphni_Monastery" title="Daphni Monastery">Daphni Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Apostles,_Athens" title="Church of the Holy Apostles, Athens">Holy Apostles Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Panagia_Kapnikarea" title="Church of Panagia Kapnikarea">Kapnikarea Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Pantanassa,_Athens" title="Church of the Pantanassa, Athens">Pantanassa Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Trinity,_Athens" title="Church of the Holy Trinity, Athens">Holy Trinity Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Greece" title="Ottoman Greece">Ottoman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fethiye_Mosque_(Athens)" title="Fethiye Mosque (Athens)">Fethiye Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philothei" class="mw-redirect" title="Philothei">House of Saint Philothei/Benizelos-Palaiologos mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzistarakis_Mosque" title="Tzistarakis Mosque">Tzistarakis Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_modern_Greece" title="History of modern Greece">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theophil_Hansen" title="Theophil Hansen">Hansen</a>'s "Trilogy"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Athens_(modern)" title="Academy of Athens (modern)">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens" title="National and Kapodistrian University of Athens">Kapodistrian University of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Greece" title="National Library of Greece">National Library of Greece</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acropolis_Museum" title="Acropolis Museum">Acropolis Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benaki_Museum" title="Benaki Museum">Benaki Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_and_Christian_Museum" title="Byzantine and Christian Museum">Byzantine and Christian Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulandris_Museum_of_Cycladic_Art" title="Goulandris Museum of Cycladic Art">Museum of Cycladic Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerameikos_Archaeological_Museum" title="Kerameikos Archaeological Museum">Kerameikos Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens" title="National Archaeological Museum, Athens">National Archaeological Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_(Athens)" title="National Gallery (Athens)">National Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Historical_Museum,_Athens" title="National Historical Museum, Athens">National Historical Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numismatic_Museum_of_Athens" title="Numismatic Museum of Athens">Numismatic Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Cathedral_of_Athens" title="Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens">Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Basilica_of_St._Dionysius_the_Areopagite" title="Cathedral Basilica of St. Dionysius the Areopagite">Cathedral Basilica of St. Dionysius the Areopagite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Irene_church,_Athens" title="Saint Irene church, Athens">Saint Irene church, Athens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gardens/Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lycabettus" title="Mount Lycabettus">Lycabettus Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Garden,_Athens" title="National Garden, Athens">National Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedion_tou_Areos" title="Pedion tou Areos">Pedion tou Areos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Squares and<br />Neighbourhoods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anafiotika" title="Anafiotika">Anafiotika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolonaki_Square" title="Kolonaki Square">Kolonaki Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotzia_Square" title="Kotzia Square">Kotzia Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastiraki" title="Monastiraki">Monastiraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omonoia_Square" title="Omonoia Square">Omonoia Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaka" title="Plaka">Plaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syntagma_Square" title="Syntagma Square">Syntagma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiseio" title="Thiseio">Thiseio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(Athens)" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Athens)">Tomb of the Unknown Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Concert_Hall" title="Athens Concert Hall">Athens Concert Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Towers" title="Athens Towers">Athens Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gennadius_Library" title="Gennadius Library">Gennadius Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Observatory_of_Athens" title="National Observatory of Athens">National Observatory of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_of_Greece" title="National Theatre of Greece">National Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Parliament_House,_Athens" title="Old Parliament House, Athens">Old Parliament House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Royal_Palace" title="Old Royal Palace">Old Royal Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Olympic_Sports_Complex" title="Athens Olympic Sports Complex">Olympic Sports Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Mansion,_Athens" title="Presidential Mansion, Athens">Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center" title="Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center">Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappeion" title="Zappeion">Zappeion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinas">Marinas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Kosmas_Olympic_Sailing_Centre" title="Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre">Agios Kosmas Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alimos" title="Alimos">Alimos Marina</a></li> <li>Athens Marina (formerly Faliro Marina)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyfada" title="Glyfada">Glyfada Marina</a></li> <li>Olympic Marine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vouliagmeni" title="Vouliagmeni">Marina of Vouliagmeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Zea" title="Bay of Zea">Marina of Zea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dionysiou_Areopagitou_Street" title="Dionysiou Areopagitou Street">Dionysiou Areopagitou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermou_Street_(Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ermou Street (Athens)">Ermou Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Cemetery_of_Athens" title="First Cemetery of Athens">First Cemetery of Athens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Summer_Olympic_stadiums" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Summer_Olympic_stadiums" title="Template:Summer Olympic stadiums"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Summer_Olympic_stadiums" title="Template talk:Summer Olympic stadiums"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Summer_Olympic_stadiums" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Summer Olympic stadiums"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Summer_Olympic_stadiums" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium" title="Olympic Stadium">Summer Olympic stadiums</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panathenaic Stadium</a> (Athens 1896)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lodrome_de_Vincennes" title="Vélodrome de Vincennes">Vélodrome de Vincennes</a> (Paris 1900)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Olympic_Field" title="Francis Olympic Field">Francis Olympic Field</a> (St Louis 1904)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/White_City_Stadium" title="White City Stadium">White City Stadium</a> (London 1908)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Olympic_Stadium" title="Stockholm Olympic Stadium">Stockholm Olympic Stadium</a> (Stockholm 1912)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Olympisch_Stadion_(Antwerp)" title="Olympisch Stadion (Antwerp)">Olympisch Stadion</a> (Antwerp 1920)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stade_Yves-du-Manoir" title="Stade Yves-du-Manoir">Stade Yves-du-Manoir</a> (Paris 1924)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Amsterdam)" title="Olympic Stadium (Amsterdam)">Olympic Stadium</a> (Amsterdam 1928)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum">Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum</a> (Los Angeles 1932)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Olympiastadion_(Berlin)" title="Olympiastadion (Berlin)">Olympiastadion</a> (Berlin 1936)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium_(1923)" title="Wembley Stadium (1923)">Wembley Stadium</a> (London 1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium" title="Helsinki Olympic Stadium">Helsinki Olympic Stadium</a> (Helsinki 1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground" title="Melbourne Cricket Ground">Melbourne Cricket Ground</a> (Melbourne 1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stadio_Olimpico" title="Stadio Olimpico">Stadio Olimpico</a> (Rome 1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Stadium_(Tokyo,_1958)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Stadium (Tokyo, 1958)">National Stadium</a> (Tokyo 1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estadio_Ol%C3%ADmpico_Universitario" title="Estadio Olímpico Universitario">Estadio Olímpico Universitario</a> (Mexico City 1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Olympiastadion_(Munich)" title="Olympiastadion (Munich)">Olympiastadion</a> (Munich 1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Montreal)" title="Olympic Stadium (Montreal)">Olympic Stadium</a> (Montreal 1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luzhniki_Stadium" title="Luzhniki Stadium">Luzhniki Stadium</a> (Moscow 1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum">Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum</a> (Los Angeles 1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Olympic_Stadium" title="Seoul Olympic Stadium">Seoul Olympic Stadium</a> (Seoul 1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estadi_Ol%C3%ADmpic_Llu%C3%ADs_Companys" title="Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys">Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys</a> (Barcelona 1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Olympic_Stadium" title="Centennial Olympic Stadium">Centennial Olympic Stadium</a> (Atlanta 1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stadium_Australia" title="Stadium Australia">Stadium Australia</a> (Sydney 2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Athens)" title="Olympic Stadium (Athens)">Olympic Stadium</a> (Athens 2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium" title="Beijing National Stadium">Beijing National Stadium</a> (Beijing 2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/London_Stadium" title="London Stadium">London Stadium</a> (London 2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_Ol%C3%ADmpico_Nilton_Santos" title="Estádio Olímpico Nilton Santos">Estádio Olímpico Nilton Santos</a>/<a href="/wiki/Maracan%C3%A3_Stadium" title="Maracanã Stadium">Maracanã Stadium</a> (Rio de Janeiro 2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium" title="Japan National Stadium">Japan National Stadium</a> (Tokyo 2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stade_de_France" title="Stade de France">Stade de France</a> (Paris 2024)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum">Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum</a>/<a href="/wiki/SoFi_Stadium" title="SoFi Stadium">SoFi Stadium</a></i> (Los Angeles 2028)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Lang_Park" title="Lang Park">Lang Park</a></i> (Brisbane 2032)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Venues_of_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_(Athens)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1896_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template:1896 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1896_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template talk:1896 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1896_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1896 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Venues_of_the_1896_Summer_Olympics_(Athens)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics#Venues" title="1896 Summer Olympics">Venues</a> of the <a href="/wiki/1896_Summer_Olympics" title="1896 Summer Olympics">1896 Summer Olympics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Lawn_Tennis_Club" title="Athens Lawn Tennis Club">Athens Lawn Tennis Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Zea" title="Bay of Zea">Bay of Zea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallithea" title="Kallithea">Kallithea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon,_Greece" title="Marathon, Greece">Marathon (city)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Phaliron_Velodrome" title="Neo Phaliron Velodrome">Neo Phaliron Velodrome</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panathenaic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zappeion" title="Zappeion">Zappeion</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg/75px-At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg/113px-At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg/150px-At_the_Panathenaic_Stadium_of_Athens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Venues_of_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_(Athens)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2004_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template:2004 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2004_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template talk:2004 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2004_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2004 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Venues_of_the_2004_Summer_Olympics_(Athens)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Venues_of_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Venues of the 2004 Summer Olympics">Venues</a> of the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Athens_Olympic_Sports_Complex" title="Athens Olympic Sports Complex">OACA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Olympic_Aquatic_Centre" title="Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre">Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Olympic_Tennis_Centre" title="Athens Olympic Tennis Centre">Athens Olympic Tennis Centre</a> (<a href="/wiki/Athens_Olympic_Tennis_Centre_Main_Court" title="Athens Olympic Tennis Centre Main Court">The Main Court</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athens_Olympic_Velodrome" title="Athens Olympic Velodrome">Athens Olympic Velodrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O.A.C.A._Olympic_Indoor_Hall" title="O.A.C.A. Olympic Indoor Hall">Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Athens)" title="Olympic Stadium (Athens)">Olympic Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hellinikon_Olympic_Complex" title="Hellinikon Olympic Complex">HOC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellinikon_Fencing_Hall" title="Hellinikon Fencing Hall">Fencing Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellinikon_Olympic_Arena" title="Hellinikon Olympic Arena">Hellinikon Indoor Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellinikon_Stadium" title="Hellinikon Stadium">Olympic Baseball Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellinikon_Olympic_Canoe/Kayak_Slalom_Centre" title="Hellinikon Olympic Canoe/Kayak Slalom Centre">Olympic Canoe/Kayak Slalom Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellinikon_Olympic_Hockey_Centre" title="Hellinikon Olympic Hockey Centre">Olympic Hockey Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellinikon_Olympic_Softball_Stadium" title="Hellinikon Olympic Softball Stadium">Olympic Softball Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Faliro_Coastal_Zone_Olympic_Complex" title="Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex">Faliro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faliro_Olympic_Beach_Volleyball_Centre" title="Faliro Olympic Beach Volleyball Centre">Faliro Olympic Beach Volleyball Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faliro_Sports_Pavilion_Arena" title="Faliro Sports Pavilion Arena">Faliro Sports Pavilion Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Friendship_Stadium" title="Peace and Friendship Stadium">Peace and Friendship Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goudi_Olympic_Complex" title="Goudi Olympic Complex">GOC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badminton_Theater" title="Badminton Theater">Goudi Olympic Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Modern_Pentathlon_Centre" title="Olympic Modern Pentathlon Centre">Olympic Modern Pentathlon Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Markopoulo_Olympic_Complex" title="Markopoulo Olympic Complex">MOC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Markopoulo_Olympic_Equestrian_Centre" title="Markopoulo Olympic Equestrian Centre">Markopoulo Olympic Equestrian Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markopoulo_Olympic_Shooting_Centre" title="Markopoulo Olympic Shooting Centre">Markopoulo Olympic Shooting Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Football venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaftanzoglio_Stadium" title="Kaftanzoglio Stadium">Kaftanzoglio Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaiskakis_Stadium" title="Karaiskakis Stadium">Karaiskakis Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampeloponnisiako_Stadium" title="Pampeloponnisiako Stadium">Pampeloponnisiako Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pankritio_Stadium" title="Pankritio Stadium">Pankritio Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Heraklion" title="Heraklion">Heraklion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panthessaliko_Stadium" title="Panthessaliko Stadium">Panthessaliko Stadium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Volos" title="Volos">Volos</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agios_Kosmas_Olympic_Sailing_Centre" title="Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre">Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ano_Liosia_Olympic_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Ano Liosia Olympic Hall">Ano Liosia Olympic Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatsi_Olympic_Hall" title="Galatsi Olympic Hall">Galatsi Olympic Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotzia_Square" title="Kotzia Square">Kotzia Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon,_Greece" title="Marathon, Greece">Marathon (city)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikaia_Olympic_Weightlifting_Hall" title="Nikaia Olympic Weightlifting Hall">Nikaia Olympic Weightlifting Hall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panathenaic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parnitha_Olympic_Mountain_Bike_Venue" title="Parnitha Olympic Mountain Bike Venue">Parnitha Olympic Mountain Bike Venue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristeri_Olympic_Boxing_Hall" title="Peristeri Olympic Boxing Hall">Peristeri Olympic Boxing Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinias_Olympic_Rowing_and_Canoeing_Centre" title="Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre">Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadium_at_Olympia" title="Stadium at Olympia">Stadium at Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vouliagmeni_Olympic_Centre" title="Vouliagmeni Olympic Centre">Vouliagmeni Olympic Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Olympic_venues_in_archery" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_venues_archery" title="Template:Olympic venues archery"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_venues_archery" title="Template talk:Olympic venues archery"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_venues_archery" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic venues archery"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Olympic_venues_in_archery" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_archery" title="List of Olympic venues in archery">Olympic venues in archery</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Vincennes" title="Bois de Vincennes">Bois de Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 1904 Summer Olympics">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Field_(St._Louis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Field (St. Louis)">Francis Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/White_City_Stadium" title="White City Stadium">White City Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 1920 Summer Olympics">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nachtegalen_Park" title="Nachtegalen Park">Nachtegalen Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 1972 Summer Olympics">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Englischer_Garten" title="Englischer Garten">Bogenschießanlage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 1976 Summer Olympics">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Archery_Field,_Joliette" title="Olympic Archery Field, Joliette">Olympic Archery Field, Joliette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 1980 Summer Olympics">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Krylatskoye_Sports_Complex_Archery_Field" title="Krylatskoye Sports Complex Archery Field">Krylatskoye Sports Complex Archery Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 1984 Summer Olympics">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/El_Dorado_Park,_Long_Beach,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="El Dorado Park, Long Beach, California">El Dorado Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 1988 Summer Olympics">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hwarang_Archery_Field" title="Hwarang Archery Field">Hwarang Archery Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 1992 Summer Olympics">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Camp_Ol%C3%ADmpic_de_Tir_amb_Arc" title="Camp Olímpic de Tir amb Arc">Olympic Archery Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 1996 Summer Olympics">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stone_Mountain" title="Stone Mountain">Stone Mountain Park Archery Center and Velodrome</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Archery_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Archery_pictogram.svg/50px-Archery_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Archery_pictogram.svg/75px-Archery_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Archery_pictogram.svg/100px-Archery_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 2000 Summer Olympics">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_International_Archery_Park" title="Sydney International Archery Park">Sydney International Archery Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panathenaic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Green_Archery_Field" title="Olympic Green Archery Field">Olympic Green Archery Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 2012 Summer Olympics">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s" title="Lord's">Lord's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 2016 Summer Olympics">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sambadrome_Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Sapuca%C3%AD" title="Sambadrome Marquês de Sapucaí">Sambódromo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 2020 Summer Olympics">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yumenoshima_Park" title="Yumenoshima Park">Yumenoshima Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympics" title="Archery at the 2024 Summer Olympics">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Les_Invalides" title="Les Invalides">Les Invalides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sepulveda_Dam" title="Sepulveda Dam">Sepulveda Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032</a>: <a href="/wiki/South_Bank_Parklands" title="South Bank Parklands">South Bank Parklands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Olympic_venues_in_athletics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_venues_athletics" title="Template:Olympic venues athletics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_venues_athletics" title="Template talk:Olympic venues athletics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_venues_athletics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic venues athletics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Olympic_venues_in_athletics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_athletics" title="List of Olympic venues in athletics">Olympic venues in athletics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">1896</a>: <a href="/wiki/Marathon,_Greece" title="Marathon, Greece">Marathon (city)</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panathenaic Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Athletics_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/50px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/75px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Athletics_pictogram.svg/100px-Athletics_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a href="/wiki/Racing_Levallois_92" class="mw-redirect" title="Racing Levallois 92">Croix-Catelan Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1904 Summer Olympics">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Field_(St._Louis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Field (St. Louis)">Francis Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/White_City_Stadium" title="White City Stadium">White City Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Olympic_Stadium" title="Stockholm Olympic Stadium">Stockholm Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1920 Summer Olympics">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olympisch_Stadion_(Antwerp)" title="Olympisch Stadion (Antwerp)">Olympisch Stadion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1924 Summer Olympics">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stade_Yves-du-Manoir" title="Stade Yves-du-Manoir">Stade Yves-du-Manoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1928_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1928 Summer Olympics">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Amsterdam)" title="Olympic Stadium (Amsterdam)">Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1932_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1932 Summer Olympics">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum">Olympic Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riverside_Drive_(Los_Angeles,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Riverside Drive (Los Angeles, California)">Riverside Drive at Griffith Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1936 Summer Olympics">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/AVUS" title="AVUS">Avus Motor Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Berlin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Stadium (Berlin)">Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Stadium_(1923)" title="Wembley Stadium (1923)">Empire Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium" title="Helsinki Olympic Stadium">Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1956_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1956 Summer Olympics">1956</a>: <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Cricket_Ground" title="Melbourne Cricket Ground">Melbourne Cricket Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1960_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1960 Summer Olympics">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Constantine" title="Arch of Constantine">Arch of Constantine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grande_Raccordo_Anulare" title="Grande Raccordo Anulare">Raccordo Anulare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stadio_Olimpico" title="Stadio Olimpico">Stadio Olimpico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appian_Way" title="Appian Way">Via Appia Antica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Via_Cristoforo_Colombo" title="Via Cristoforo Colombo">Via Cristoforo Colombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fuch%C5%AB,_Tokyo" title="Fuchū, Tokyo">Fuchu City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Setagaya,_Tokyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Setagaya, Tokyo">Karasuyama-machi</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Stadium_(Tokyo,_1958)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Stadium (Tokyo, 1958)">National Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shibuya,_Tokyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shibuya, Tokyo">Sasazuka-machi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinjuku,_Tokyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinjuku, Tokyo">Shinjuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Estadio_Ol%C3%ADmpico_Universitario" title="Estadio Olímpico Universitario">Estadio Olímpico Universitario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%B3calo" title="Zócalo">Zócalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1972 Summer Olympics">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olympiastadion_(Munich)" title="Olympiastadion (Munich)">Olympiastadion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1976 Summer Olympics">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Botanical_Garden" title="Montreal Botanical Garden">Montreal Botanical Garden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Montreal)" title="Olympic Stadium (Montreal)">Olympic Stadium</a>, Streets of <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1980 Summer Olympics">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Luzhniki_Stadium" title="Luzhniki Stadium">Grand Arena</a>, Streets of <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum">Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_College" title="Santa Monica College">Santa Monica College</a>, Streets of <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, Streets of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Seoul_Olympic_Stadium" title="Seoul Olympic Stadium">Seoul Olympic Stadium</a>, Streets of <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Estadi_Ol%C3%ADmpic_Llu%C3%ADs_Companys" title="Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys">Estadi Olímpic de Monjuïc</a>, Marathon course, <a href="/wiki/Matar%C3%B3" title="Mataró">Mataró</a>, Walking course</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics">1996</a>: Marathon course, <a href="/wiki/Centennial_Olympic_Stadium" title="Centennial Olympic Stadium">Olympic Stadium</a>, Walking course</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics">2000</a>: Marathon course, <a href="/wiki/North_Sydney,_New_South_Wales" title="North Sydney, New South Wales">North Sydney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stadium_Australia" title="Stadium Australia">Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Marathon,_Greece" title="Marathon, Greece">Marathon (city)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Athens)" title="Olympic Stadium (Athens)">Olympic Stadium</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panathenaic Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stadium_at_Olympia" title="Stadium at Olympia">Stadium at Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Beijing_National_Stadium" title="Beijing National Stadium">Beijing National Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Green" title="Olympic Green">Olympic Green Promenade</a> Walking course, Streets of <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> Marathon course</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/2012_Olympic_Marathon_Course" title="2012 Olympic Marathon Course">Marathon Course</a>, <a href="/wiki/London_Stadium" title="London Stadium">Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_Ol%C3%ADmpico_Nilton_Santos" title="Estádio Olímpico Nilton Santos">Estádio Olímpico João Havelange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontal_(Rio_de_Janeiro)" title="Pontal (Rio de Janeiro)">Pontal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sambadrome_Marqu%C3%AAs_de_Sapuca%C3%AD" title="Sambadrome Marquês de Sapucaí">Sambódromo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Japan_National_Stadium" title="Japan National Stadium">Japan National Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odori_Park" title="Odori Park">Odori Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympics" title="Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stade_de_France" title="Stade de France">Stade de France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Champs-Élysées">Champs-Élysées</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028</a>: <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum">Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum</a>, <a href="/wiki/BMO_Stadium" title="BMO Stadium">BMO Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Park" title="Grand Park">Grand Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032</a>: <a href="/wiki/Queensland_Sport_and_Athletics_Centre" title="Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre">Queensland Sport and Athletics Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Headland,_Queensland" title="Alexandra Headland, Queensland">Alexandra Headland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Olympic_venues_in_gymnastics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_venues_gymnastics" title="Template:Olympic venues gymnastics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_venues_gymnastics" title="Template talk:Olympic venues gymnastics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_venues_gymnastics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic venues gymnastics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Olympic_venues_in_gymnastics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_gymnastics" title="List of Olympic venues in gymnastics">Olympic venues in gymnastics</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1896 Summer Olympics">1896</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panathenaic Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gymnastics_(artistic)_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/50px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/75px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg/100px-Gymnastics_%28artistic%29_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lodrome_de_Vincennes" title="Vélodrome de Vincennes">Vélodrome de Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1904 Summer Olympics">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Field_(St._Louis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Field (St. Louis)">Francis Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/White_City_Stadium" title="White City Stadium">White City Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1912 Summer Olympics">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Olympic_Stadium" title="Stockholm Olympic Stadium">Stockholm Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1920 Summer Olympics">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olympisch_Stadion_(Antwerp)" title="Olympisch Stadion (Antwerp)">Olympisch Stadion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1924 Summer Olympics">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stade_Yves-du-Manoir" title="Stade Yves-du-Manoir">Stade Yves-du-Manoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1928_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1928 Summer Olympics">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Amsterdam)" title="Olympic Stadium (Amsterdam)">Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1932_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1932 Summer Olympics">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum">Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1936 Summer Olympics">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Waldb%C3%BChne" title="Waldbühne">Dietrich Eckart Open-Air Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1948 Summer Olympics">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/Earls_Court_Exhibition_Centre" title="Earls Court Exhibition Centre">Empress Hall, Earl's Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1952 Summer Olympics">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6%C3%B6l%C3%B6_Sports_Hall" title="Töölö Sports Hall">Messuhalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1956_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1956 Summer Olympics">1956</a>: <a href="/wiki/Festival_Hall,_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival Hall, Melbourne">West Melbourne Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1960_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1960 Summer Olympics">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Baths_of_Caracalla" title="Baths of Caracalla">Baths of Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1964 Summer Olympics">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Metropolitan_Gymnasium" title="Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium">Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1968 Summer Olympics">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Auditorium" class="mw-redirect" title="National Auditorium">National Auditorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1972 Summer Olympics">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olympiahalle" title="Olympiahalle">Olympiahalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Forum" title="Montreal Forum">Montreal Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1980 Summer Olympics">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Luzhniki_Palace_of_Sports" title="Luzhniki Palace of Sports">Sports Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1984 Summer Olympics">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pauley_Pavilion" title="Pauley Pavilion">Pauley Pavilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1988 Summer Olympics">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Gymnastics_Arena" title="Olympic Gymnastics Arena">Olympic Gymnastics Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1992 Summer Olympics">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Palau_dels_Esports_de_Barcelona" title="Palau dels Esports de Barcelona">Palau dels Esports de Barcelona</a> (rhythmic), <a href="/wiki/Palau_Sant_Jordi" title="Palau Sant Jordi">Palau Sant Jordi</a> (artistic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 1996 Summer Olympics">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Dome" title="Georgia Dome">Georgia Dome</a> (artistic), <a href="/wiki/Stegeman_Coliseum" title="Stegeman Coliseum">Stegeman Coliseum</a> (rhythmic)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2000 Summer Olympics">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_SuperDome" title="Sydney SuperDome">Sydney SuperDome</a> (artistic, trampolining), <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Showground_(Olympic_Park)#The_Dome" title="Sydney Showground (Olympic Park)">The Dome & Exhibition Complex</a> (rhythmic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Galatsi_Olympic_Hall" title="Galatsi Olympic Hall">Galatsi Olympic Hall</a> (rhythmic), <a href="/wiki/O.A.C.A._Olympic_Indoor_Hall" title="O.A.C.A. Olympic Indoor Hall">Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall</a> (artistic, trampolining)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Beijing_National_Indoor_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing National Indoor Stadium">Beijing National Indoor Stadium</a> (artistic, trampolining), <a href="/wiki/Beijing_University_of_Technology_Gymnasium" title="Beijing University of Technology Gymnasium">Beijing University of Technology Gymnasium</a> (rhythmic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_O2_Arena" title="The O2 Arena">North Greenwich Arena</a> (artistic, trampolining), <a href="/wiki/Wembley_Arena" title="Wembley Arena">Wembley Arena</a> (rhythmic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2016 Summer Olympics">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jeunesse_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeunesse Arena">Arena Olímpica do Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2020 Summer Olympics">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ariake_Gymnastics_Centre" title="Ariake Gymnastics Centre">Ariake Gymnastics Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympics" title="Gymnastics at the 2024 Summer Olympics">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Accor_Arena" title="Accor Arena">Bercy Arena</a> (artistic, trampolining), <a href="/wiki/Porte_de_La_Chapelle_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Porte de La Chapelle Arena">Porte de La Chapelle Arena</a> (rhythmic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028</a>: <a href="/wiki/Crypto.com_Arena" title="Crypto.com Arena">Crypto.com Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sleeman_Centre_(Brisbane)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleeman Centre (Brisbane)">Chandler Indoor Sports Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Olympic_venues_in_weightlifting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_venues_weightlifting" title="Template:Olympic venues weightlifting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_venues_weightlifting" title="Template talk:Olympic venues weightlifting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_venues_weightlifting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic venues weightlifting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Olympic_venues_in_weightlifting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_weightlifting" title="List of Olympic venues in weightlifting">Olympic venues in weightlifting</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1896 Summer Olympics">1896</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panathenaic Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Weightlifting_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/50px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/75px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Weightlifting_pictogram.svg/100px-Weightlifting_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1904 Summer Olympics">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Field_(St._Louis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Field (St. Louis)">Francis Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1920 Summer Olympics">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olympisch_Stadion_(Antwerp)" title="Olympisch Stadion (Antwerp)">Olympisch Stadion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1924 Summer Olympics">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lodrome_d%27hiver" class="mw-redirect" title="Vélodrome d'hiver">Vélodrome d'hiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1928_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1928 Summer Olympics">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/Krachtsportgebouw" title="Krachtsportgebouw">Krachtsportgebouw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1932_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1932 Summer Olympics">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Olympic_Auditorium" title="Grand Olympic Auditorium">Olympic Auditorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1936 Summer Olympics">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Deutschlandhalle" title="Deutschlandhalle">Deutschlandhalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1948 Summer Olympics">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/Earls_Court_Exhibition_Centre" title="Earls Court Exhibition Centre">Empress Hall, Earl's Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1952 Summer Olympics">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6%C3%B6l%C3%B6_Sports_Hall" title="Töölö Sports Hall">Messuhalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1956_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1956 Summer Olympics">1956</a>: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Exhibition_Building" title="Royal Exhibition Building">Royal Exhibition Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1960_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1960 Summer Olympics">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Palazzetto_dello_Sport" title="Palazzetto dello Sport">Palazzetto dello Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1964 Summer Olympics">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shibuya_Public_Hall" title="Shibuya Public Hall">Shibuya Public Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1968 Summer Olympics">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Teatro_de_los_Insurgentes" title="Teatro de los Insurgentes">Insurgentes Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1972 Summer Olympics">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Messe_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Messe München">Messegelände, Gewichtheberhalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1976 Summer Olympics">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/St._Michel_Arena" title="St. Michel Arena">St. Michel Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1980 Summer Olympics">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Izmailovo_Sports_Palace" title="Izmailovo Sports Palace">Izmailovo Sports Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1984 Summer Olympics">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gersten_Pavilion" title="Gersten Pavilion">Albert Gersten Pavilion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1988 Summer Olympics">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Weightlifting_Gymnasium" title="Olympic Weightlifting Gymnasium">Olympic Weightlifting Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1992 Summer Olympics">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pavell%C3%B3_de_l%27Espanya_Industrial" title="Pavelló de l'Espanya Industrial">Pavelló de l'Espanya Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 1996 Summer Olympics">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Georgia_World_Congress_Center" title="Georgia World Congress Center">Georgia World Congress Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Convention_and_Exhibition_Centre" title="Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre">Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nikaia_Olympic_Weightlifting_Hall" title="Nikaia Olympic Weightlifting Hall">Nikaia Olympic Weightlifting Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Beihang_University_Gymnasium" title="Beihang University Gymnasium">Beihang University Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 2012 Summer Olympics">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/ExCeL_London" title="ExCeL London">ExCeL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 2016 Summer Olympics">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Riocentro" title="Riocentro">Riocentro</a> – Pavilion 2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 2020 Summer Olympics">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_International_Forum" title="Tokyo International Forum">Tokyo International Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympics" title="Weightlifting at the 2024 Summer Olympics">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paris_Expo_Porte_de_Versailles" title="Paris Expo Porte de Versailles">Paris Expo Porte de Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peacock_Theater" title="Peacock Theater">Peacock Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032</a>: TBD</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Olympic_venues_in_wrestling" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_venues_wrestling" title="Template:Olympic venues wrestling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_venues_wrestling" title="Template talk:Olympic venues wrestling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_venues_wrestling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic venues wrestling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Olympic_venues_in_wrestling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_wrestling" title="List of Olympic venues in wrestling">Olympic venues in wrestling</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1896_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1896 Summer Olympics">1896</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panathenaic Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wrestling_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/50px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/75px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Wrestling_pictogram.svg/100px-Wrestling_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1904 Summer Olympics">1904</a>: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Field_(St._Louis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Field (St. Louis)">Francis Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/White_City_Stadium" title="White City Stadium">White City Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1912 Summer Olympics">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Olympic_Stadium" title="Stockholm Olympic Stadium">Stockholm Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1920 Summer Olympics">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Antwerp_Zoo" title="Antwerp Zoo">Antwerp Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1924 Summer Olympics">1924</a>: <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lodrome_d%27hiver" class="mw-redirect" title="Vélodrome d'hiver">Vélodrome d'hiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1928_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1928 Summer Olympics">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/Krachtsportgebouw" title="Krachtsportgebouw">Krachtsportgebouw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1932_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1932 Summer Olympics">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Olympic_Auditorium" title="Grand Olympic Auditorium">Olympic Auditorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1936 Summer Olympics">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Deutschlandhalle" title="Deutschlandhalle">Deutschlandhalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1948 Summer Olympics">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/Earls_Court_Exhibition_Centre" title="Earls Court Exhibition Centre">Empress Hall, Earl's Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harringay_Arena" title="Harringay Arena">Harringay Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1952 Summer Olympics">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6%C3%B6l%C3%B6_Sports_Hall" title="Töölö Sports Hall">Messuhalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1956_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1956 Summer Olympics">1956</a>: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Exhibition_Building" title="Royal Exhibition Building">Royal Exhibition Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1960_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1960 Summer Olympics">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Maxentius" title="Basilica of Maxentius">Basilica of Maxentius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1964 Summer Olympics">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Komazawa_Gymnasium" title="Komazawa Gymnasium">Komazawa Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1968 Summer Olympics">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Insurgentes_Ice_Rink" title="Insurgentes Ice Rink">Insurgentes Ice Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1972 Summer Olympics">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Messe_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Messe München">Messegelände, Judo- und Ringerhalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1976 Summer Olympics">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Centre_Pierre_Charbonneau" title="Centre Pierre Charbonneau">Centre Pierre Charbonneau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Richard_Arena" title="Maurice Richard Arena">Maurice Richard Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1980 Summer Olympics">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Light-Athletic_Football_Complex_CSKA" title="Light-Athletic Football Complex CSKA">CSKA Athletics Fieldhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1984 Summer Olympics">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Anaheim_Convention_Center" title="Anaheim Convention Center">Anaheim Convention Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1988 Summer Olympics">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sangmu_Gymnasium" title="Sangmu Gymnasium">Sangmu Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1992 Summer Olympics">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Institut_Nacional_d%27Educaci%C3%B3_F%C3%ADsica_de_Catalunya" title="Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya">Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 1996 Summer Olympics">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Georgia_World_Congress_Center" title="Georgia World Congress Center">Georgia World Congress Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 2000 Summer Olympics">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Convention_%26_Exhibition_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Convention & Exhibition Centre">Sydney Convention & Exhibition Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ano_Liosia_Olympic_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Ano Liosia Olympic Hall">Ano Liosia Olympic Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/China_Agricultural_University_Gymnasium" title="China Agricultural University Gymnasium">China Agricultural University Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/ExCeL_London" title="ExCeL London">ExCeL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 2016 Summer Olympics">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Carioca_Arena_2" title="Carioca Arena 2">Carioca Arena 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 2020 Summer Olympics">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Makuhari_Messe" title="Makuhari Messe">Makuhari Messe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympics" title="Wrestling at the 2024 Summer Olympics">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Palais_%C3%89ph%C3%A9m%C3%A8re" title="Grand Palais Éphémère">Champ de Mars Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028</a>: <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Convention_Center" title="Los Angeles Convention Center">Los Angeles Convention Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast_Sports_and_Leisure_Centre" title="Gold Coast Sports and Leisure Centre">Gold Coast Sports and Leisure Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="AEK_B.C." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AEK_Athens_B.C." title="Template:AEK Athens B.C."><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AEK_Athens_B.C." title="Template talk:AEK Athens B.C."><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AEK_Athens_B.C." title="Special:EditPage/Template:AEK Athens B.C."><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="AEK_B.C." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/AEK_B.C." title="AEK B.C."><span style="color:black">AEK B.C.</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:AEK_B.C._players" title="Category:AEK B.C. players"><span style="color: black">Players</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:AEK_B.C._coaches" title="Category:AEK B.C. coaches"><span style="color: black">Coaches</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1967%E2%80%9368_FIBA_European_Cup_Winners%27_Cup" title="1967–68 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup">1967–68 FIBA European Cup Winners' Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999%E2%80%932000_FIBA_Saporta_Cup" title="1999–2000 FIBA Saporta Cup">1999–00 FIBA Saporta Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Basketball_Champions_League" title="2017–18 Basketball Champions League">2017–18 FIBA Champions League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_FIBA_Intercontinental_Cup" title="2019 FIBA Intercontinental Cup">2019 FIBA Intercontinental Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Arenas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nea Filadelfeia Outdoor Hall (historic)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panathenaic Stadium</a> (historic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporting_Sports_Arena" title="Sporting Sports Arena">Sporting Sports Arena</a> (historic)</li> <li>Ionikos Nea Filadelfeia Indoor Hall (historic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Friendship_Stadium" title="Peace and Friendship Stadium">Peace and Friendship Stadium</a></li> <li>Georgios Moschos Indoor Hall (historic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O.A.C.A._Olympic_Indoor_Hall" title="O.A.C.A. Olympic Indoor Hall">Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Municipal_Sportshall_of_Ano_Liosia" title="3rd Municipal Sportshall of Ano Liosia">Zofria Indoor Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalkiopoulio_Sports_Hall" title="Chalkiopoulio Sports Hall">Chalkiopoulio Sports Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatsi_Olympic_Hall" title="Galatsi Olympic Hall">Galatsi Olympic Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellinikon_Olympic_Arena" title="Hellinikon Olympic Arena">Hellinikon Olympic Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ano_Liosia_Olympic_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Ano Liosia Olympic Hall">Ano Liosia Olympic Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/FIBA_Hall_of_Famer" class="mw-redirect" title="FIBA Hall of Famer"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">FIBA Hall of Fame members</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Ivkovi%C4%87" title="Dušan Ivković">Dušan Ivković</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/50_Greatest_EuroLeague_Contributors_(2008)" title="50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors (2008)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Ivkovi%C4%87" title="Dušan Ivković">Dušan Ivković</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Retired numbers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Trontzos" title="Georgios Trontzos">#6 Georgios Trontzos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgios_Amerikanos" title="Georgios Amerikanos">#10 Georgios Amerikanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevan_Jelovac" title="Stevan Jelovac">#13 Stevan Jelovac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Supporters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Original_21" title="Original 21">Original 21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Ownership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fage" title="Fage">Filippou family</a> (<small>1995–2006</small>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makis_Angelopoulos" title="Makis Angelopoulos">Makis Angelopoulos</a> (<small>2014–present</small>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-headed_eagle" title="Double-headed eagle">Double-headed eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_(film)" title="1968 (film)">1968 (film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;"><div> <dl><dt>Parent club</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/A.E.K._(sports_club)" title="A.E.K. (sports club)"><span style="color:black">AEK</span></a></dd> <dt>Website</dt> <dd><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aekbc.gr/?lang=en"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">aekbc.gr</span></a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="A.E.K." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:A.E.K._(sports_club)" title="Template:A.E.K. (sports club)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:A.E.K._(sports_club)" title="Template talk:A.E.K. (sports club)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:A.E.K._(sports_club)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:A.E.K. (sports club)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="A.E.K." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/A.E.K._(sports_club)" title="A.E.K. (sports club)"><span style="color: black">A.E.K.</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;"><div> <ul><li>Founded in April 13, 1924</li> <li>Based in <a href="/wiki/Nea_Filadelfeia" title="Nea Filadelfeia"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">Nea Filadelfeia</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Professional departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEK_Athens_F.C." title="AEK Athens F.C.">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEK_Athens_B_F.C." title="AEK Athens B F.C.">Football B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEK_B.C." title="AEK B.C.">Basketball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Amateur departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEK_Athens_F.C._(women)" title="AEK Athens F.C. (women)">Women's football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEK_V.C." title="AEK V.C.">Men's volleyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEK_Women%27s_Volleyball_Club" title="AEK Women's Volleyball Club">Women's volleyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEK_H.C." title="AEK H.C.">Men's handball</a></li> <li>Women's handball</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEK_(men%27s_water_polo)" title="AEK (men's water polo)">Men's water polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEK_(women%27s_water_polo)" title="AEK (women's water polo)">Women's water polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEK_Futsal" title="AEK Futsal">Futsal</a></li> <li>Rugby League</li> <li>Field hockey</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Individual sports departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Athletics</li> <li>Archery</li> <li>Boxing</li> <li>Bowling</li> <li>Chess</li> <li>Cycling</li> <li>eSports</li> <li>Fencing</li> <li>Modern Pentathlon</li> <li>Table Tennis</li> <li>Taekwondo</li> <li>Judo</li> <li>Brazilian jiu-jitsu</li> <li>Racing</li> <li>Swimming</li> <li>Shooting</li> <li>Karate</li> <li>Muay Thai</li> <li>MMA</li> <li>Weightlifting</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Inactive departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Women's basketball</li> <li>Synchronized swimming</li> <li>Wrestling</li> <li>Tennis</li> <li>Rowing</li> <li>Sailing</li> <li>Ice hockey</li> <li>Diving</li> <li>Canoeing</li> <li>Diving</li> <li>Kickboxing</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Football facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikos_Goumas_Stadium" title="Nikos Goumas Stadium">Nikos Goumas Stadium</a> (historic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Stadium_(Athens)" title="Olympic Stadium (Athens)">Athens Olympic Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agia_Sophia_Stadium" title="Agia Sophia Stadium">Agia Sophia Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spata_Training_Centre" title="Spata Training Centre">Spata Training Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Basketball facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nea Filadelfeia Outdoor Hall (historic)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Panathenaic Stadium</a> (historic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporting_Sports_Arena" title="Sporting Sports Arena">Sporting Sports Arena</a> (historic)</li> <li>Ionikos Nea Filadelfeia Indoor Hall (historic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Friendship_Stadium" title="Peace and Friendship Stadium">Peace and Friendship Stadium</a></li> <li>Georgios Moschos Indoor Hall (historic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O.A.C.A._Olympic_Indoor_Hall" title="O.A.C.A. Olympic Indoor Hall">Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Municipal_Sportshall_of_Ano_Liosia" title="3rd Municipal Sportshall of Ano Liosia">Zofria Indoor Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalkiopoulio_Sports_Hall" title="Chalkiopoulio Sports Hall">Chalkiopoulio Sports Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatsi_Olympic_Hall" title="Galatsi Olympic Hall">Galatsi Olympic Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellinikon_Olympic_Arena" title="Hellinikon Olympic Arena">Hellinikon Olympic Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ano_Liosia_Olympic_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Ano Liosia Olympic Hall">Ano Liosia Olympic Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Athletes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:AEK_Athens_F.C._players" title="Category:AEK Athens F.C. players">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:AEK_B.C._players" title="Category:AEK B.C. players">Basketball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Coaches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_AEK_Athens_F.C._managers" title="List of AEK Athens F.C. managers">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:AEK_B.C._coaches" title="Category:AEK B.C. coaches">Basketball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEK_Athens_F.C.#Presidents" title="AEK Athens F.C.">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEK_B.C.#Chairmen_history" title="AEK B.C.">Basketball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Supporters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Original_21" title="Original 21">Original 21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Rivalries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympiacos%E2%80%93A.E.K._rivalry" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympiacos–A.E.K. rivalry">Olympiacos rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A.E.K.%E2%80%93Panathinaikos_rivalry" class="mw-redirect" title="A.E.K.–Panathinaikos rivalry">Panathinaikos rivalry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-headed_eagles_derby" title="Double-headed eagles derby">PAOK rivalry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double-headed_eagle" title="Double-headed eagle">Double-headed eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_(film)" title="1968 (film)">1968 (film)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:gold;color:black; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #000000, inset -1px -1px 0 #000000;"><div> <dl><dt>Website</dt> <dd></dd> <dd><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aek.gr/"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:black">AEK</span></a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208811#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208811#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208811#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/242769041">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7543885-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2006007429">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=196996">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007287160005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/20004323">Structurae</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/fbadbe54-7aae-4c28-b21a-ebf73753adeb">MusicBrainz place</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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