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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Sitokin" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Sitokin" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Sitokin" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Sitokin" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Penemuan_sitokin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penemuan_sitokin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Penemuan sitokin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penemuan_sitokin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tata_nama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tata_nama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tata nama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tata_nama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efek_seluler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efek_seluler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Efek seluler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efek_seluler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peran_sitokin_endogen_dalam_kesehatan_dan_penyakit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peran_sitokin_endogen_dalam_kesehatan_dan_penyakit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Peran sitokin endogen dalam kesehatan dan penyakit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peran_sitokin_endogen_dalam_kesehatan_dan_penyakit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penggunaan_medis_sebagai_obat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penggunaan_medis_sebagai_obat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Penggunaan medis sebagai obat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penggunaan_medis_sebagai_obat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Catatan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sitokin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 51 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="سيتوكين – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيتوكين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitokinl%C9%99r" title="Sitokinlər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sitokinlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Цытакіны – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цытакіны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Цитокин – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цитокин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="সাইটোকাইন – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাইটোকাইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citokin" title="Citokin – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Citokin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citocina" title="Citocina – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Citocina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokin" title="Cytokin – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cytokin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokin" title="Cytokin – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cytokin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zytokin" title="Zytokin – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zytokin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CF%84%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Κυτταροκίνη – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κυτταροκίνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cytokine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citoquina" title="Citoquina – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Citoquina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%BCtokiinid" title="Tsütokiinid – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tsütokiinid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zitokina" title="Zitokina – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zitokina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سیتوکین – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیتوکین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sytokiini" title="Sytokiini – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sytokiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cytokine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADticin%C3%A9" title="Cíticiné – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cíticiné" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citoquina" title="Citoquina – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Citoquina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ציטוקין – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ציטוקין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citokin" title="Citokin – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Citokin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ցիտոկիններ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցիտոկիններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citochina" title="Citochina – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Citochina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="サイトカイン – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サイトカイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ციტოკინი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ციტოკინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%ED%86%A0%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="사이토카인 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사이토카인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokinum" title="Cytokinum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cytokinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citokinas" title="Citokinas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Citokinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citok%C4%ABni" title="Citokīni – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Citokīni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BB" title="സൈറ്റോകൈൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൈറ്റോകൈൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitokin" title="Sitokin – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sitokin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8" title="साइटोकाइन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="साइटोकाइन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cytokine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokin" title="Cytokin – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cytokin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokiny" title="Cytokiny – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cytokiny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citocina" title="Citocina – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Citocina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citokin%C4%83" title="Citokină – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Citokină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Цитокины – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цитокины" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citokin" title="Citokin – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Citokin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cytokine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytok%C3%ADn" title="Cytokín – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cytokín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citokin" title="Citokin – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Citokin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Цитокин – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цитокин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokiner" title="Cytokiner – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cytokiner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சைட்டோக்கைன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சைட்டோக்கைன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="ไซโตไคน์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไซโตไคน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitokin" title="Sitokin – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sitokin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Цитокіни – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цитокіни" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine" title="Cytokine – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cytokine" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="细胞因子 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="细胞因子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q212354#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sitokin" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Sitokin" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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href="/wiki/Sitokin"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sitokin"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Sitokin" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Sitokin" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&oldid=26237861" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Sitokin&id=26237861&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSitokin"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSitokin"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Sitokin"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sitokin&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cytokines" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q212354" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Dialihkan dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokina&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitokina">Sitokina</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p><b>Sitokin</b> adalah kategori luas dari <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> kecil (~ 5-20 <a href="/wiki/Satuan_massa_atom" class="mw-redirect" title="Satuan massa atom">kDa</a> ) yang penting dalam <a href="/wiki/Pensinyalan_sel" class="mw-redirect" title="Pensinyalan sel">pensinyalan sel</a>. Pelepasan sitokin memengaruhi perilaku sel di sekitarnya. Sitokin terlibat dalam pensinyalan autokrin, pensinyalan parakrin, dan <a href="/wiki/Sistem_endokrin" title="Sistem endokrin">pensinyalan endokrin</a> sebagai agen imunomodulasi. Perbedaan lebih jelas antara sitokin dari <a href="/wiki/Hormon" title="Hormon">hormon</a> masih terus diteliti lebih lanjut. Istilah sitokin bisa mencakup <a href="/wiki/Kemokin" title="Kemokin">kemokin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interferon" title="Interferon">interferon</a>, interleukin, limfokin, dan faktor <a href="/wiki/Nekrosis" title="Nekrosis">nekrosis</a> tumor, tetapi umumnya bukan <a href="/wiki/Hormon" title="Hormon">hormon</a> atau faktor pertumbuhan (meskipun beberapa tumpang tindih dalam terminologi). Sitokin diproduksi oleh berbagai sel, termasuk sel imun seperti <a href="/wiki/Makrofaga" class="mw-redirect" title="Makrofaga">makrofag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sel_B" title="Sel B">limfosit B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sel_T" title="Sel T">limfosit T</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Mastosit" title="Mastosit">sel mast</a>, serta <a href="/wiki/Endotelium" title="Endotelium">sel endotel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fibroblas" title="Fibroblas">fibroblast</a>, dan berbagai <a href="/wiki/Sel_stromal" title="Sel stromal">sel stroma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sitokin beraksi melalui pengikatan dengan reseptornya, dan sangat penting dalam <a href="/wiki/Imunitas" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Imunitas">sistem imun</a>; sitokin memodulasi keseimbangan antara respons imun humoral dan <a href="/wiki/Sistem_kekebalan_dimediasi_sel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem kekebalan dimediasi sel">respons imun</a> seluler, dan sitokin mengatur pematangan, pertumbuhan, dan responsivitas populasi sel tertentu. Beberapa sitokin meningkatkan atau menghambat aksi sitokin lain dengan cara yang kompleks. </p><p>Sitokin berbeda dari <a href="/wiki/Hormon" title="Hormon">hormon</a>, yang juga merupakan molekul pensinyalan sel yang penting. Perbedaannya yaitu hormon bersirkulasi dalam konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi dan cenderung dibuat oleh jenis sel tertentu. Sitokin terlibat penting dalam kesehatan dan penyakit, khususnya dalam respon inang terhadap infeksi, respons imun, <a href="/wiki/Radang" title="Radang">peradangan</a>, trauma, <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a>, kanker, dan reproduksi. Kata sitokin berasal dari bahasa Yunani: <i>cyto</i>, dari bahasa Yunani "κύτος" <i>kytos</i> "lubang, sel" + <i>kines</i>, dari bahasa Yunani "κίνησις" <i>kinēsis</i> "pergerakan". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penemuan_sitokin">Penemuan sitokin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Penemuan sitokin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penemuan sitokin"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Interferon-alfa, suatu interferon tipe I, diidentifikasi pada 1957 sebagai protein yang mengganggu replikasi virus.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid13465720_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid13465720-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aktivitas interferon-gamma (satu-satunya anggota kelas interferon tipe II) dijelaskan pada 1965, merupakan mediator yang berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Limfosit" title="Limfosit">limfosit</a> yang diidentifikasi pertama kali.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17838106_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17838106-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Faktor penghambat migrasi makrofag (MIF) diidentifikasi secara bersamaan 1966 oleh John David dan Barry Bloom.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid5938421_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid5938421-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid5229858_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid5229858-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada 1969, Dudley Dumonde mengusulkan istilah "limfokin" untuk mendeskripsikan protein yang disekresikan dari limfosit, dan selanjutnya protein yang berasal dari makrofag dan <a href="/wiki/Monosit" title="Monosit">monosit</a> dalam kultur disebut "monokin".<sup id="cite_ref-pmid5822903_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid5822903-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada 1974, Stanley Cohen menerbitkan sebuah artikel yang mendeskripsikan produksi MIF pada selaput allantois yang terinfeksi virus dan sel-sel ginjal, menunjukkan bahwa produksinya tidak terbatas pada sel-sel imun. Hal ini mengarah pada usulannya tentang istilah sitokin.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid4156495_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid4156495-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tata_nama">Tata nama</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Tata nama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tata nama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sitokin telah diklasifikasikan sebagai limfokin, interleukin, dan kemokin, berdasarkan fungsi yang diduga, sel <a href="/wiki/Sekresi" title="Sekresi">sekresi</a>, atau target aksi. Namun, klasifikasi pembedaan seperti itu sudah usang karena sitokin dicirikan oleh redundansi dan pleiotropisme yang cukup besar, yang membuat pembedaan seperti itu memungkinkan banyak pengecualian. </p> <ul><li>Istilah <i>interleukin</i> pada awalnya digunakan oleh para peneliti untuk sitokin-sitokin yang diduga target utamanya adalah <a href="/wiki/Sel_darah_putih" title="Sel darah putih">leukosit</a>. Sekarang ini istilah interleukin digunakan sebagian besar untuk molekul sitokin yang lebih baru dan tidak banyak berhubungan dengan fungsi yang diduga. Sebagian besar diproduksi oleh <a href="/wiki/Sel_T_pembantu" title="Sel T pembantu">sel T pembantu</a>.</li> <li><i>Limfokin</i>: diproduksi oleh limfosit</li> <li><i>Monokin</i>: diproduksi secara eksklusif oleh monosit</li> <li><i>Interferon</i>: terlibat dalam respons antivirus</li> <li><i>Faktor stimulasi koloni</i>: mendukung pertumbuhan sel dalam media semipadat</li> <li><i>Kemokin</i>: memediasi kemoatraktan (kemotaksis) antar sel.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Efek_seluler">Efek seluler</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Efek seluler" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Efek seluler"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Setiap sitokin memiliki <a href="/wiki/Reseptor" class="mw-disambig" title="Reseptor">reseptor</a> permukaan sel yang sesuai. Kaskade pensinyalan intraseluler selanjutnya mengubah fungsi sel. Hal ini bisa berupa regulasi dan/atau penurunan beberapa <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">gen</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Faktor_transkripsi" title="Faktor transkripsi">faktor transkripsi</a>nya, menghasilkan produksi sitokin lain, peningkatan jumlah reseptor permukaan untuk molekul lain, atau penekanan efeknya sendiri oleh <a href="/wiki/Inhibitor_enzim" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhibitor enzim">penghambatan umpan balik</a>. </p><p>Efek sitokin tertentu pada sel tergantung pada sitokin, kelimpahan ekstraselulernya, keberadaan dan kelimpahan reseptornya pada permukaan sel, dan sinyal hilir yang diaktifkan oleh ikatan reseptor; dua faktor terakhir ini dapat bervariasi berdasarkan jenis sel. Sitokin dicirikan oleh redundansi yang cukup besar, dalam banyak sitokin tampaknya memiliki fungsi yang sama. </p><p>Sitokin inflamasi menyebabkan penghambatan ekspansi dan fungsi sel T tergantung pada IL-10 dengan mengatur level PD-1 pada monosit yang mengarah ke produksi IL-10 oleh monosit setelah pengikatan PD-1 oleh PD-1L.<sup id="cite_ref-Said2010_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Said2010-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Efek samping sitokin ditandai oleh peradangan lokal dan/atau ulserasi di tempat suntikan. Kadang-kadang reaksi seperti itu terlihat dengan erupsi papular yang lebih luas.<sup id="cite_ref-Andrews_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrews-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peran_sitokin_endogen_dalam_kesehatan_dan_penyakit">Peran sitokin endogen dalam kesehatan dan penyakit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Peran sitokin endogen dalam kesehatan dan penyakit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Peran sitokin endogen dalam kesehatan dan penyakit"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sitokin sering terlibat dalam beberapa proses perkembangan selama <a href="/wiki/Embriogenesis" title="Embriogenesis">embriogenesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11600175_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11600175-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sitokin sangat penting untuk melawan infeksi dan respons imun lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10936147_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10936147-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Namun, sitokin dapat menjadi tidak terarah dan menimbulkan penyakit pada <a href="/wiki/Radang" title="Radang">peradangan</a>, trauma, dan <a href="/wiki/Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10936147_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10936147-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Efek merugikan sitokin telah dikaitkan dengan berbagai penyakit seperti <a href="/wiki/Skizofrenia" title="Skizofrenia">skizofrenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gangguan_depresi_mayor" title="Gangguan depresi mayor">depresi berat</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid20015486_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid20015486-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer" class="mw-redirect" title="Alzheimer">penyakit Alzheimer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pmid20692646_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid20692646-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan <a href="/wiki/Kanker" title="Kanker">kanker</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11239407_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11239407-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Integritas jaringan normal dipertahankan oleh interaksi umpan balik antara berbagai jenis sel yang dimediasi oleh molekul adhesi dan sitokin yang disekresikan; gangguan mekanisme umpan balik normal pada kanker mengancam integritas jaringan.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26119834_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26119834-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sekresi sitokin yang berlebihan dapat memicu sindrom berbahaya yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Sindrom_pelepasan_sitokin" title="Sindrom pelepasan sitokin">badai sitokin</a>; hal ini mungkin menjadi penyebab efek samping yang parah selama uji klinis calon obat TGN1412. </p><p>Badai sitokin diduga menjadi penyebab utama kematian pada pandemi <a href="/wiki/Flu_Spanyol" title="Flu Spanyol">"Flu Spanyol" 1918</a> dan Covid-19. Kematian dapat lebih sering terjadi pada orang-orang dengan sistem imun tubuh yang sehat, karena kemampuannya untuk menghasilkan respons imun yang lebih kuat, kemungkinan meningkatkan kadar sitokin. Contoh penting lain dari badai sitokin terlihat pada pankreatitis akut. Sitokin bersifat integral dan terlibat dalam semua sudut kaskade yang mengakibatkan sindrom respons inflamasi sistemik dan kegagalan multi organ.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid12483260_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12483260-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penggunaan_medis_sebagai_obat">Penggunaan medis sebagai obat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Penggunaan medis sebagai obat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penggunaan medis sebagai obat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beberapa sitokin telah dikembangkan menjadi terapi protein menggunakan teknologi <a href="/wiki/DNA_rekombinan" title="DNA rekombinan">DNA rekombinan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sitokin rekombinan yang digunakan sebagai obat pada 2014 meliputi: <sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protein_BM" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein BM">Bone morphogenetic protein</a> (BMP), digunakan untuk mengobati kondisi terkait tulang</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritropoietin" title="Eritropoietin">Erythropoietin</a> (EPO), digunakan untuk mengobati <a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">anemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faktor_stimulasi_koloni_granulosit" title="Faktor stimulasi koloni granulosit">Faktor stimulasi koloni granulosit</a> (G-CSF), digunakan untuk mengobati neutropenia pada pasien kanker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faktor_stimulasi_koloni_makrofaga_granulosit" title="Faktor stimulasi koloni makrofaga granulosit">Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor</a> (GM-CSF), digunakan untuk mengobati neutropenia dan infeksi jamur pada pasien kanker</li> <li>Interferon alfa, digunakan untuk mengobati <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_C" title="Hepatitis C">hepatitis C</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sklerosis_multipel" title="Sklerosis multipel">sklerosis multipel</a></li> <li>Interferon beta, digunakan untuk mengobati <a href="/wiki/Sklerosis_multipel" title="Sklerosis multipel">sklerosis multipel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interleukin-2" title="Interleukin-2">Interleukin 2</a> (IL-2), digunakan untuk mengobati kanker</li> <li>Interleukin 11 (IL-11), digunakan untuk mengobati <a href="/wiki/Trombositopenia" title="Trombositopenia">trombositopenia</a> pada pasien kanker</li> <li>Interferon gamma digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit granulomatosa kronis <sup id="cite_ref-pmid1312372_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1312372-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dan osteopetrosis <sup id="cite_ref-pmid7753137_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid7753137-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18261910">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan">Catatan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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July 1966. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5938421">5938421</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+a+reaction+in+vitro+associated+with+delayed-type+hypersensitivity&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=3731&rft.pages=80-2&rft.date=1966-07&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5938421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASitokin" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid5229858-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid5229858_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC285677">"Delayed hypersensitivity in vitro: its mediation by cell-free substances formed by lymphoid cell-antigen interaction"</a>. <i>Proc. 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July 1966. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC285677">285677</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5229858">5229858</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc.+Natl.+Acad.+Sci.+U.S.A.&rft.atitle=Delayed+hypersensitivity+in+vitro%3A+its+mediation+by+cell-free+substances+formed+by+lymphoid+cell-antigen+interaction&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=72-7&rft.date=1966-07&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC285677&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5229858&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC285677&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASitokin" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid5822903-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid5822903_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Lymphokines": non-antibody mediators of cellular immunity generated by lymphocyte activation". <i>Nature</i>. <b>224</b> (5214): 38–42. October 1969. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5822903">5822903</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=%22Lymphokines%22%3A+non-antibody+mediators+of+cellular+immunity+generated+by+lymphocyte+activation&rft.volume=224&rft.issue=5214&rft.pages=38-42&rft.date=1969-10&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5822903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASitokin" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid4156495-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid4156495_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">"Commentary. Similarities of T cell function in cell-mediated immunity and antibody production". <i>Cell. Immunol</i>. <b>12</b> (1): 150–9. April 1974. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4156495">4156495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell.+Immunol.&rft.atitle=Commentary.+Similarities+of+T+cell+function+in+cell-mediated+immunity+and+antibody+production&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=150-9&rft.date=1974-04&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4156495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASitokin" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Said2010-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Said2010_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4229134">"Programmed death-1-induced interleukin-10 production by monocytes impairs CD4+ T cell activation during HIV infection"</a>. <i>Nat. Med</i>. <b>16</b> (4): 452–9. April 2010. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnm.2106">10.1038/nm.2106</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4229134">4229134</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20208540">20208540</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nat.+Med.&rft.atitle=Programmed+death-1-induced+interleukin-10+production+by+monocytes+impairs+CD4%2B+T+cell+activation+during+HIV+infection&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=452-9&rft.date=2010-04&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4229134&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20208540&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnm.2106&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4229134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASitokin" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Tampilkan authors (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Tampilkan_authors" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Tampilkan authors">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Andrews-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Andrews_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). <i>Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology</i>. (10th ed.). Saunders. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-7216-2921-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-7216-2921-0">0-7216-2921-0</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Kutipan ini membutuhkan referensi ke halaman/ jangkauan halaman spesifik dimana materinya muncul since July 2013" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">halaman dibutuhkan</a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid11600175-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid11600175_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">"Cytokine cross-talk between mother and the embryo/placenta". <i>J. Reprod. Immunol</i>. <b>52</b> (1-2): 15–33. 2001. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0165-0378%2801%2900112-7">10.1016/S0165-0378(01)00112-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11600175">11600175</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Reprod.+Immunol.&rft.atitle=Cytokine+cross-talk+between+mother+and+the+embryo%2Fplacenta&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=1-2&rft.pages=15-33&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0165-0378%2801%2900112-7&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11600175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASitokin" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid10936147-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid10936147_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid10936147_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">"Proinflammatory cytokines". <i>Chest</i>. <b>118</b> (2): 503–8. 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March 2010. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.biopsych.2009.09.033">10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.033</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20015486">20015486</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biol.+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=A+meta-analysis+of+cytokines+in+major+depression&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=446-57&rft.date=2010-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.biopsych.2009.09.033&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20015486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASitokin" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid20692646-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid20692646_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">"A meta-analysis of cytokines in Alzheimer's disease". <i>Biol. 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February 2001. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2801%2900237-9">10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00237-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11239407">11239407</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=The+TNF+and+TNF+receptor+superfamilies%3A+integrating+mammalian+biology&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=487-501&rft.date=2001-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2801%2900237-9&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11239407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASitokin" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid26119834-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid26119834_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526340">"Dynamic aberrant NF-κB spurs tumorigenesis: a new model encompassing the microenvironment"</a>. <i>Cytokine Growth Factor Rev</i>. <b>26</b> (4): 389–403. 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InTech. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5772%2Fintechopen.72200">10.5772/intechopen.72200</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-953-51-3691-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-953-51-3691-0">978-953-51-3691-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physiology+and+Pathology+of+Cytokine%3A+Commercial+Production+and+Medical+Use&rft.pub=InTech&rft.date=2017-12-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5772%2Fintechopen.72200&rft.isbn=978-953-51-3691-0&rft.aulast=Zdravkovic&rft.aufirst=Nemanja&rft.au=Rosic%2C+Mirko&rft.au=Lutovac%2C+Mitar&rft.au=Zdravkovic%2C+Vladimir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intechopen.com%2Fbooks%2Fphysiology-and-pathology-of-immunology%2Fphysiology-and-pathology-of-cytokine-commercial-production-and-medical-use&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASitokin" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dimiter S. 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June 1995. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJM199506153322402">10.1056/NEJM199506153322402</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7753137">7753137</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=N.+Engl.+J.+Med.&rft.atitle=Long-term+treatment+of+osteopetrosis+with+recombinant+human+interferon+gamma&rft.volume=332&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=1594-9&rft.date=1995-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJM199506153322402&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7753137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ASitokin" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&oldid=26237861">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sitokin&oldid=26237861</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sitokin" title="Kategori:Sitokin">Sitokin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Imunologi" title="Kategori:Imunologi">Imunologi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Protein_berdasarkan_fungsi" title="Kategori:Protein berdasarkan fungsi">Protein berdasarkan fungsi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Persinyalan_sel" title="Kategori:Persinyalan sel">Persinyalan sel</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1_sumber_berbahasa_Inggris_(en)" title="Kategori:CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)">CS1 sumber berbahasa Inggris (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Tampilkan_authors" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Tampilkan authors">Pemeliharaan CS1: Tampilkan authors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_yang_memiliki_kalimat_yang_harus_diperbaiki" title="Kategori:Artikel yang memiliki kalimat yang harus diperbaiki">Artikel yang memiliki kalimat yang harus diperbaiki</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_terjemahan_tak_tertinjau" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan terjemahan tak tertinjau">Halaman dengan terjemahan tak tertinjau</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 30 Agustus 2024, pukul 12.11.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. 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