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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Pomagala"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Izgled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Izgled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><p>U <a href="/wiki/Hemija" title="Hemija">hemiji</a>, <b>grupa</b> predstavlja vertikalnu kolonu u <a href="/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata">periodnom sistemu elemenata</a>. U standardnom periodnom sistemu postoji 18 grupa, uključujući elemente <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">d-bloka</a>, ali isključujući one iz <a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">f-bloka</a>. </p><p>Razlog takvom rasporedu je sličnost <a href="/wiki/Fizi%C4%8Dko_svojstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Fizičko svojstvo">fizičkih</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Hemijska_osobina" title="Hemijska osobina">hemijskih svojstava</a> unutar iste grupe, a koja su uzrokom ponavljajućih svojstava vanjskih <a href="/wiki/Elektronska_ljuska" title="Elektronska ljuska">elektronskih ljusaka</a> koje određuju glavninu svih svojstava. Starija dva načina označavanja grupa jesu rimskim brojkama, a noviji način koji predlaže <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a>, je označavanje arapskim brojkama, ne bi li dolazilo do zabune uz dva starija načina. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popis_grupa">Popis grupa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grupa_periodnog_sistema_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Popis grupa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grupa_periodnog_sistema_elemenata&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Popis grupa"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osamnaest grupa periodnog sustava elemenata su kako slijedi: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Novo numeriranje-IUPAC</th> <th>Staro-IUPAC (europsko)</th> <th>CAS (američko)</th> <th>Naziv </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alkalijski_metali" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkalijski metali">1. grupa</a></td> <td>IA</td> <td>IA</td> <td>alkalni metali ili <a href="/wiki/Litijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Litijum">litijumova</a> grupa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zemnoalkalijski_metali" title="Zemnoalkalijski metali">2. grupa</a></td> <td>IIA</td> <td>IIA</td> <td>zemnoalkalni metali ili <a href="/wiki/Berilijum" title="Berilijum">berilijumova</a> grupa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="3. grupa hemijskih elemenata">3. grupa</a></td> <td>IIIA</td> <td>IIIB</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Skandijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Skandijum">skandijumova</a> grupa (uključuje i <a href="/wiki/Aktinoidi" title="Aktinoidi">aktinide</a> s kojima čini <a href="/wiki/Rijetki_zemni_metali" title="Rijetki zemni metali">retke zemne elemente</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="4. grupa hemijskih elemenata">4. grupa</a></td> <td>IVA</td> <td>IVB</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Titanijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Titanijum">titanijumova</a> grupa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="5. grupa hemijskih elemenata">5. grupa</a></td> <td>VA</td> <td>VB</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanadij" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanadij">vanadijeva</a> grupa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/6._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="6. grupa hemijskih elemenata">6. grupa</a></td> <td>VIA</td> <td>VIB</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hrom" title="Hrom">hromova</a> grupa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/7._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="7. grupa hemijskih elemenata">7. grupa</a></td> <td>VIIA</td> <td>VIIB</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">manganova</a> grupa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/8._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="8. grupa hemijskih elemenata">8. grupa</a></td> <td>VIII</td> <td>VIIIB</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo">željezova</a> grupa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/9._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="9. grupa hemijskih elemenata">9. grupa</a></td> <td>VIII</td> <td>VIIIB</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">kobaltova</a> grupa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/10._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="10. grupa hemijskih elemenata">10. grupa</a></td> <td>VIII</td> <td>VIIIB</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikal">niklova</a> grupa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/11._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" class="mw-redirect" title="11. grupa hemijskih elemenata">11. grupa</a></td> <td>IB</td> <td>IB</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bakar" title="Bakar">bakrova</a> grupa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/12._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="12. grupa hemijskih elemenata">12. grupa</a></td> <td>IIB</td> <td>IIB</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cink" title="Cink">cinkova</a> grupa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/13._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="13. grupa hemijskih elemenata">13. grupa</a></td> <td>IIIB</td> <td>IIIA</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bor" class="mw-disambig" title="Bor">borova</a> grupa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/14._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="14. grupa hemijskih elemenata">14. grupa</a></td> <td>IVB</td> <td>IVA</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ugljenik" title="Ugljenik">ugljenikova</a> grupa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/15._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="15. grupa hemijskih elemenata">15. grupa</a></td> <td>VB</td> <td>VA</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Azot" class="mw-redirect" title="Azot">azotova</a> grupa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Halkogeni_elementi" class="mw-redirect" title="Halkogeni elementi">16. grupa</a></td> <td>VIB</td> <td>VIA</td> <td>halkogeni elementi ili <a href="/wiki/Kiseonik" title="Kiseonik">kiseonikova</a> grupa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi">17. grupa</a></td> <td>VIIB</td> <td>VIIA</td> <td>halogeni elementi ili <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluorova</a> grupa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_plinovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Plemeniti plinovi">18. grupa</a></td> <td>Group 0</td> <td>VIIIA</td> <td>plemeniti gasovi ili <a href="/wiki/Helijum" class="mw-redirect" title="Helijum">helijumova</a> grupa </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grupa_periodnog_sistema_elemenata&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grupa_periodnog_sistema_elemenata&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Literatura"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book">Scerri, E. R. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/periodictableits0000scer"><i>The periodic table, its story and its significance</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-19-530573-9" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-19-530573-9">978-0-19-530573-9</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+periodic+table%2C+its+story+and+its+significance&rft.aulast=Scerri&rft.aufirst=E.+R.&rft.au=Scerri%2C%26%2332%3BE.+R.&rft.date=2007&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530573-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fperiodictableits0000scer&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Grupa_periodnog_sistema_elemenata"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556979">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41556873">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-prikaži"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablon:Grupe_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Šablon:Grupe periodnog sistema elemenata"><abbr title="Pogledajte šablon" style=";;border:none;">p</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-razgovor"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor_o_%C5%A1ablonu:Grupe_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Grupe periodnog sistema elemenata"><abbr title="Razgovarajte o šablonu" style=";;border:none;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Grupe_periodnog_sistema_elemenata&action=edit"><abbr title="Uredite šablon" style=";;border:none;">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div><span class="" style="font-size:110%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grupe</a> <a href="/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata">periodnog sistema elemenata</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Alkalni_metali" title="Alkalni metali">1. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zemnoalkalni_metali" class="mw-redirect" title="Zemnoalkalni metali">2. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/3._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="3. grupa hemijskih elemenata">3. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/4._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="4. grupa hemijskih elemenata">4. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/5._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="5. grupa hemijskih elemenata">5. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/6._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="6. grupa hemijskih elemenata">6. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/7._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="7. grupa hemijskih elemenata">7. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/8._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="8. grupa hemijskih elemenata">8. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/9._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="9. grupa hemijskih elemenata">9. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/10._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="10. grupa hemijskih elemenata">10. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/11._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" class="mw-redirect" title="11. grupa hemijskih elemenata">11. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/12._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="12. grupa hemijskih elemenata">12. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/13._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="13. grupa hemijskih elemenata">13. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/14._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="14. grupa hemijskih elemenata">14. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/15._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="15. grupa hemijskih elemenata">15. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Halkogeni_elementi" class="mw-redirect" title="Halkogeni elementi">16. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi">17. grupa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_plinovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Plemeniti plinovi">18. grupa</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556979"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556873"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-prikaži"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablon:Blokovi_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Šablon:Blokovi periodnog sistema elemenata"><abbr title="Pogledajte šablon" style=";;border:none;">p</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-razgovor"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor_o_%C5%A1ablonu:Blokovi_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Blokovi periodnog sistema elemenata"><abbr title="Razgovarajte o šablonu" style=";;border:none;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Blokovi_periodnog_sistema_elemenata&action=edit"><abbr title="Uredite šablon" style=";;border:none;">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div><span class="" style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Blok_periodnog_sistema_elemenata" title="Blok periodnog sistema elemenata">Blokovi</a> <a href="/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata">periodnog sistema elemenata</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Elementi_s-bloka" title="Elementi s-bloka">s-blok</a> · <a href="/wiki/Elementi_p-bloka" title="Elementi p-bloka">p-blok</a> · <a href="/wiki/Elementi_d-bloka" title="Elementi d-bloka">d-blok</a> · <a href="/wiki/Elementi_f-bloka" title="Elementi f-bloka">f-blok</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556979"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41556873"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-prikaži"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ablon:Hemijske_serije" title="Šablon:Hemijske serije"><abbr title="Pogledajte šablon" style=";;border:none;">p</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-razgovor"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor_o_%C5%A1ablonu:Hemijske_serije" title="Razgovor o šablonu:Hemijske serije"><abbr title="Razgovarajte o šablonu" style=";;border:none;">r</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-uredi"><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Hemijske_serije&action=edit"><abbr title="Uredite šablon" style=";;border:none;">u</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div><span class="" style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Hemijska_serija" title="Hemijska serija">Hemijske serije</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Alkalni_metali" title="Alkalni metali">Alkalni metali</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zemnoalkalni_metali" class="mw-redirect" title="Zemnoalkalni metali">Zemnoalkalni metali</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lantanoidi" title="Lantanoidi">Lantanoidi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Aktinoidi" title="Aktinoidi">Aktinoidi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Prelazni_metali" title="Prelazni metali">Prelazni metali</a> · <a href="/wiki/Slabi_metali" title="Slabi metali">Slabi metali</a> · <a href="/wiki/Polumetali" class="mw-redirect" title="Polumetali">Polumetali</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nemetali" title="Nemetali">Nemetali</a> · <a href="/wiki/Halogeni_elementi" title="Halogeni elementi">Halogeni elementi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plemeniti_plinovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Plemeniti plinovi">Plemeniti plinovi</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" 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