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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacteriophages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Bacteriophages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacteriophages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plant_Viruses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plant_Viruses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Plant Viruses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plant_Viruses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animal_(Eukaryotic)_Viruses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animal_(Eukaryotic)_Viruses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Animal (Eukaryotic) Viruses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animal_(Eukaryotic)_Viruses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retrovirus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a 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<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q808#sitelinks-wikiversity" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Virus" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Virus" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&oldid=2274810" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Virus&id=2274810&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikiversity.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DVirus%26diff%3D2274810%26oldid%3D1242969"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikiversity.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DVirus%26diff%3D2274810%26oldid%3D1242969"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikimedia_projects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikimedia_projects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikimedia Projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikivoyage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="n-Wiktionary" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Project:Main_Page"><span>Wiktionary</span></a></li><li id="n-Meta-Wiki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Meta-Wiki</span></a></li><li id="n-Outreach" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://outreach.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page"><span>Outreach</span></a></li><li id="n-MediaWiki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki"><span>MediaWiki</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikimania" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimania"><span>Wikimania</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Virus"><span>Create a book</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Virus&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Virus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Virus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikipedia badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikipedia</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Virus" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q808" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button 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oo-ui-indicatorElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ButtonWidget","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"indicator":"down","label":"Browse history interactively","title":"Open revision slider","classes":["mw-revslider-toggle-button"]}'><a role='button' title='Open revision slider' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-iconElement-noIcon'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Browse history interactively</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicator-down'></span></a></span><div class="mw-revslider-slider-wrapper" style="display: none;"><div class="mw-revslider-placeholder"><div class="mw-revslider-spinner"><div class="mw-revslider-bounce"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mw-diff-revision-history-links"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&diff=prev&oldid=1242969" class="mw-diff-revision-history-link-previous" title="Virus">← Older edit</a></div><div class="mw-diff-table-prefix" dir="ltr" lang="en"><div class="mw-diff-inline-legend oo-ui-element-hidden"><span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-del">Content deleted</span> <span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-ins">Content added</span></div><div class="ve-init-mw-diffPage-diffMode"><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonGroupWidget'><span aria-disabled='true' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-disabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget'><a role='button' tabindex='-1' aria-disabled='true' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-eye oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Visual</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement 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class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Inline</label></span><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch' title='Switches between inline format and two-column format' aria-checked='false' tabindex='0' role='switch' aria-labelledby='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-toggleWidget oo-ui-toggleWidget-off oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ToggleSwitchWidget","href":"\/w\/index.php?title=Virus&diff=2274810&oldid=1242969&diff-type=inline","value":false,"title":"Switches between inline format and two-column format"}'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-glow'></span><a href='/w/index.php?title=Virus&diff=2274810&oldid=1242969&diff-type=inline'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-grip'></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><table class="diff diff-type-table diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&oldid=1242969" title="Virus">Revision as of 08:01, 13 October 2014</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&action=edit&oldid=1242969" title="Virus">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2014-10-13T08:01:03Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-userlink" title="User:খান আল নোমান (page does not exist)" data-mw-revid="1242969"><bdi>খান আল নোমান</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:খান আল নোমান (page does not exist)">discuss</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/খান আল নোমান">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>1</span> edit</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"><span class="comment mw-comment-none">No edit summary</span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&diff=prev&oldid=1242969" title="Virus" id="differences-prevlink">← Older edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&oldid=2274810" title="Virus">Latest revision as of 07:56, 5 April 2021</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&action=edit" title="Virus">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2021-04-05T07:56:09Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&action=edit&undoafter=1242969&undo=2274810" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:IamTheAstronomer" class="mw-userlink" title="User:IamTheAstronomer" data-mw-revid="2274810"><bdi>IamTheAstronomer</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:IamTheAstronomer" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:IamTheAstronomer">discuss</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/IamTheAstronomer" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/IamTheAstronomer">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>133</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">Expansion</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Tag</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-visualeditor"><a href="/wiki/Wikiversity:VisualEditor">Visual edit</a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"> </div></td> </tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="diff-multi" lang="en">(9 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)</td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>A '''[[w:virus|virus]]''' is a small, non-living infectious obligate intracellular parasite that replicates itself inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses must reproduce by infecting living cells and using the living cells machinery to produce new viruses. These infectious agents can either contain '''DNA''' or '''RNA''' as their genetic material, and also contain a protein coat, known as '''[[w:capsid|capsid]]'''. They are also very specific in the cells that they infect, each virus infecting specific cells either infect them through a lytic cycle or lysogenic cycle. According to Kurtzgesagt, a virus is a hull around genetic material. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>VIRAL MULTIPLICATION</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>==Types==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>===Bacteriophages===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>A '''[[w:bacteriophage|bacteriophage]]''' is a virus that infects [[w:bacteria|bacteria]] and usually has a helical structure or an icosahedral structure. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>===Plant Viruses===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>A '''[[w:Plant virus|plant virus]]''' is a virus that infects plants. They usually have a rod/polyhedral shape. The best-known plant virus is the rod-shaped [[w:tobacco-mosaic virus|tobacco-mosaic virus]].</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>===Animal (Eukaryotic) Viruses===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>A '''[[w:Animal virus|animal virus]]''', example being: [[Ebola]], is a virus that infects animals. Usually, these viruses have a helical/icosahedral structure and can be "naked" or "envelope". Naked viruses have a protein capsid but no lipid envelope, which "envelope" can mean a lipid envelope that the virus develops when it leaves the host cell.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>===Retrovirus===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Image:Virus Replication.svg|center]]</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>A '''[[w:retrovirus|retrovirus]]''' is a virus that contains RNA instead of DNA as their genetic material. RNA must be converted back to DNA--once changed, DNA is then inserted into DNA of the host cell. This requires an enzyme known as [[w:reverse-transcriptase|reverse-transcriptase]] so that RNA can be copied back to RNA. A good example of a retrovirus is HIV.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><p style="text-align:center;">A virus attaches to the host cell and enters endocytosis. The capsid protein dissociates and the viral RNA is transported to the nucleus. In the nucleus, the viral polymerase complexes transcribe and replicate the RNA. Viral mRNAs migrate to cytoplasm where they are translated into protein. Then the newly synthesized virions bud from infected cell.</p></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>==Germ Theory of Infectious Diseases==</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>[[File:Titian Girolamo Fracastoro.jpg|thumb|right|Girolamo Fracastoro]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>The '''[[w:Germ theory of disease|Germ theory of disease]]''' is an accepted scientific theory relating to germs proposed by Italian scientist [[w:Girolamo Fracastoro|Girolamo Fracastoro]]. The theory states that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>;Five Ways to Contract a Disease</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-right" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to old location." href="#movedpara_10_0_lhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div><a name="movedpara_8_4_rhs"></a><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">#</ins>Viruses</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>#Bacteria</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>#Protists</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>#Fungi</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>#Worms</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-deleted"></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>#Coughing or sneezing near an uninfected person if the person who ejects their mucus is infected.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>[[Category:Viruses]]</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>[[Category:Viruses]]</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"><a class="mw-diff-movedpara-left" title="Paragraph was moved. Click to jump to new location." href="#movedpara_8_4_rhs">⚫</a></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div><a name="movedpara_10_0_lhs"></a><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">{{</del>Viruses<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}}</del></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Latest revision as of 07:56, 5 April 2021</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>A <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/virus" class="extiw" title="w:virus">virus</a></b> is a small, non-living infectious obligate intracellular parasite that replicates itself inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses must reproduce by infecting living cells and using the living cells machinery to produce new viruses. These infectious agents can either contain <b>DNA</b> or <b>RNA</b> as their genetic material, and also contain a protein coat, known as <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/capsid" class="extiw" title="w:capsid">capsid</a></b>. They are also very specific in the cells that they infect, each virus infecting specific cells either infect them through a lytic cycle or lysogenic cycle. According to Kurtzgesagt, a virus is a hull around genetic material. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Types" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Types"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bacteriophages">Bacteriophages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bacteriophages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Bacteriophages"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bacteriophage" class="extiw" title="w:bacteriophage">bacteriophage</a></b> is a virus that infects <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bacteria" class="extiw" title="w:bacteria">bacteria</a> and usually has a helical structure or an icosahedral structure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plant_Viruses">Plant Viruses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Plant Viruses" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Plant Viruses"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_virus" class="extiw" title="w:Plant virus">plant virus</a></b> is a virus that infects plants. They usually have a rod/polyhedral shape. The best-known plant virus is the rod-shaped <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/tobacco-mosaic_virus" class="extiw" title="w:tobacco-mosaic virus">tobacco-mosaic virus</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animal_(Eukaryotic)_Viruses"><span id="Animal_.28Eukaryotic.29_Viruses"></span>Animal (Eukaryotic) Viruses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Animal (Eukaryotic) Viruses" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Animal (Eukaryotic) Viruses"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_virus" class="extiw" title="w:Animal virus">animal virus</a></b>, example being: <a href="/wiki/Ebola" title="Ebola">Ebola</a>, is a virus that infects animals. Usually, these viruses have a helical/icosahedral structure and can be "naked" or "envelope". Naked viruses have a protein capsid but no lipid envelope, which "envelope" can mean a lipid envelope that the virus develops when it leaves the host cell. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retrovirus">Retrovirus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Retrovirus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Retrovirus"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/retrovirus" class="extiw" title="w:retrovirus">retrovirus</a></b> is a virus that contains RNA instead of DNA as their genetic material. RNA must be converted back to DNA--once changed, DNA is then inserted into DNA of the host cell. This requires an enzyme known as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/reverse-transcriptase" class="extiw" title="w:reverse-transcriptase">reverse-transcriptase</a> so that RNA can be copied back to RNA. A good example of a retrovirus is HIV. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Germ_Theory_of_Infectious_Diseases">Germ Theory of Infectious Diseases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Germ Theory of Infectious Diseases" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Germ Theory of Infectious Diseases"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Titian_Girolamo_Fracastoro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Titian_Girolamo_Fracastoro.jpg/220px-Titian_Girolamo_Fracastoro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Titian_Girolamo_Fracastoro.jpg/330px-Titian_Girolamo_Fracastoro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Titian_Girolamo_Fracastoro.jpg/440px-Titian_Girolamo_Fracastoro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3713" data-file-height="4231" /></a><figcaption>Girolamo Fracastoro</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_theory_of_disease" class="extiw" title="w:Germ theory of disease">Germ theory of disease</a></b> is an accepted scientific theory relating to germs proposed by Italian scientist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girolamo_Fracastoro" class="extiw" title="w:Girolamo Fracastoro">Girolamo Fracastoro</a>. The theory states that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases. </p> <dl><dt>Five Ways to Contract a Disease</dt></dl> <ol><li>Viruses</li> <li>Bacteria</li> <li>Protists</li> <li>Fungi</li> <li>Worms</li> <li>Coughing or sneezing near an uninfected person if the person who ejects their mucus is infected.</li></ol></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Virus&oldid=2274810">https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Virus&oldid=2274810</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Viruses" title="Category:Viruses">Viruses</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 April 2021, at 07:56.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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