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Abdus Salam – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia

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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Życiorys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Życiorys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Życiorys</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Życiorys-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Przełącz podsekcję Życiorys</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Życiorys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pochodzenie_i_wykształcenie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pochodzenie_i_wykształcenie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pochodzenie i wykształcenie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pochodzenie_i_wykształcenie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Praca_naukowa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Praca_naukowa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Praca naukowa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Praca_naukowa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Śmierć" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Śmierć"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Śmierć</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Śmierć-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wyróżnienia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wyróżnienia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Wyróżnienia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Wyróżnienia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Przełącz podsekcję Wyróżnienia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Wyróżnienia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Odznaczenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odznaczenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Odznaczenia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odznaczenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Doktoraty_honorowe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doktoraty_honorowe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Doktoraty honorowe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doktoraty_honorowe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uwagi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uwagi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Uwagi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uwagi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linki_zewnętrzne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Linki zewnętrzne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linki_zewnętrzne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Abdus Salam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 80 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="محمد عبد السلام – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محمد عبد السلام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9B_%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="আব্দুছ ছালাম – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আব্দুছ ছালাম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fbdus_Salam" title="Əbdus Salam – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əbdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عبدالسلام – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="عبدالسلام" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80)" title="আবদুস সালাম (পদার্থবিজ্ঞানী) – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আবদুস সালাম (পদার্থবিজ্ঞানী)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Абдус Салам – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Абдус Салам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Абдус Салам – bułgarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Абдус Салам" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bułgarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ahmad_Muhammad_Abdus_Salam" title="Abu Ahmad Muhammad Abdus Salam – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abu Ahmad Muhammad Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BC" title="Αμπντούς Σαλάμ – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμπντούς Σαλάμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عبدالسلام – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عبدالسلام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%85%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B8_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AE" title="અબ્દુસ સલામ – gudżarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અબ્દુસ સલામ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudżarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%95%EB%91%90%EC%8A%A4_%EC%82%B4%EB%9E%8C" title="압두스 살람 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="압두스 살람" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD_%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Աբդուս Սալամ – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աբդուս Սալամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="अब्दुस सलाम – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अब्दुस सलाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9D" title="עבדוס סלאם – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עבדוס סלאם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="აბდუს სალამი – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აბდუს სალამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Әбдус Салам – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әбдус Салам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – kreolski haitański" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="kreolski haitański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – kurdyjski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abduss_Salams" title="Abduss Salams – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Abduss Salams" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Абдус Салам – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Абдус Салам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – malgaski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82" title="അബ്ദുസലാം – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അബ്ദുസലാം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="अब्दुस सलाम – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अब्दुस सलाम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="აბდუს სალამი – megrelski" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აბდუს სალამი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megrelski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="محمد عبد السلام – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمد عبد السلام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عبدالسلام – mazanderański" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="عبدالسلام" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="एब्डस सलाम – newarski" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एब्डस सलाम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0" title="アブドゥッサラーム – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アブドゥッサラーム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – norweski (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norweski (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE" title="ਅਬਦੁਸ ਸਲਾਮ – pendżabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਬਦੁਸ ਸਲਾਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendżabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عبدالسلام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عبدالسلام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عبدالسلام – paszto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="عبدالسلام" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paszto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Абдус Салам – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абдус Салам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Абдус Салам – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Абдус Салам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam – tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Abdus Salam" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அப்துஸ் சலாம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அப்துஸ் சலாம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A9%D1%85%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BC%D3%99%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Мөхәммәт Габдессәлам – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мөхәммәт Габдессәлам" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82" title="అబ్దుస్ సలం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అబ్దుస్ సలం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Абдуссалом – tadżycki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Абдуссалом" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadżycki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed_Abd%C3%BCsselam" title="Muhammed Abdüsselam – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Muhammed Abdüsselam" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Абдус Салам – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Абдус Салам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عبد السلام – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عبد السلام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Abdus Salam</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Abdus.Salam_%26_Syed_Qasim_Mahmood.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abdus Salam (z lewej) i Syed Qasim Mahmood, pakistański pisarz, encyklopedysta i dziennikarz"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Abdus.Salam_%26_Syed_Qasim_Mahmood.jpg/231px-Abdus.Salam_%26_Syed_Qasim_Mahmood.jpg" decoding="async" width="231" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Abdus.Salam_%26_Syed_Qasim_Mahmood.jpg/346px-Abdus.Salam_%26_Syed_Qasim_Mahmood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Abdus.Salam_%26_Syed_Qasim_Mahmood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="439" data-file-height="457" /></a></span><br />Abdus Salam (z lewej) i Syed Qasim Mahmood, pakistański pisarz, encyklopedysta i dziennikarz </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i&#160;miejsce urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">29 stycznia 1926</span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Jhang" title="Jhang">Jhang</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i&#160;miejsce śmierci </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap">21 listopada 1996</span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Oksford" title="Oksford">Oksford</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;">profesor </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:LightBlue; color:black; text-align:center; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa; padding:3px;">Specjalność: <a href="/wiki/Fizyka_teoretyczna" title="Fizyka teoretyczna">fizyka teoretyczna</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater" title="Alma Mater">Alma Mater</a> </th> <td> <p>Government College University w Lahore,<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Uczelnia </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Stanforda" title="Uniwersytet Stanforda">Uniwersytet Stanforda</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Kalifornijski_w_Berkeley" title="Uniwersytet Kalifornijski w Berkeley">Uniwersytet Kalifornijski w Berkeley</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Harvarda" title="Uniwersytet Harvarda">Uniwersytet Harvarda</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:LightBlue; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;">dyrektor International Centre for Theoretical Physics </td></tr> <tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:AbdusSalamBlackpenAutograph.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Faksymile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/AbdusSalamBlackpenAutograph.png/130px-AbdusSalamBlackpenAutograph.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/AbdusSalamBlackpenAutograph.png/195px-AbdusSalamBlackpenAutograph.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/AbdusSalamBlackpenAutograph.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="132" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa;"><b>Odznaczenia</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Ord.Nishan-i-Pakistan.ribbon.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Order Pakistanu"><img alt="Order Pakistanu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ord.Nishan-i-Pakistan.ribbon.gif/40px-Ord.Nishan-i-Pakistan.ribbon.gif" decoding="async" width="40" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ord.Nishan-i-Pakistan.ribbon.gif/60px-Ord.Nishan-i-Pakistan.ribbon.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ord.Nishan-i-Pakistan.ribbon.gif/80px-Ord.Nishan-i-Pakistan.ribbon.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Order_of_Excellence_Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Order Imtiaz (Pakistan)"><img alt="Order Imtiaz (Pakistan)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Order_of_Excellence_Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png/40px-Order_of_Excellence_Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Order_of_Excellence_Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png/60px-Order_of_Excellence_Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Order_of_Excellence_Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png/80px-Order_of_Excellence_Nishan-e-Imtiaz.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Order_Narodowy_Zas%C5%82ugi_Naukowej" title="Krzyż Wielki Orderu Narodowego Zasługi Naukowej (Brazylia)"><img alt="Krzyż Wielki Orderu Narodowego Zasługi Naukowej (Brazylia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/National_Order_of_Scientific_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_%28Brazil%29_-_ribbon_bar.png/40px-National_Order_of_Scientific_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_%28Brazil%29_-_ribbon_bar.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/National_Order_of_Scientific_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_%28Brazil%29_-_ribbon_bar.png/60px-National_Order_of_Scientific_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_%28Brazil%29_-_ribbon_bar.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/National_Order_of_Scientific_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_%28Brazil%29_-_ribbon_bar.png/80px-National_Order_of_Scientific_Merit_-_Grand_Cross_%28Brazil%29_-_ribbon_bar.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Order_of_Independence_Jordan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Order Niepodległości (Jordania)"><img alt="Order Niepodległości (Jordania)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Order_of_Independence_Jordan.svg/40px-Order_of_Independence_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Order_of_Independence_Jordan.svg/60px-Order_of_Independence_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Order_of_Independence_Jordan.svg/80px-Order_of_Independence_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Orden_de_Andr%C3%A9s_Bello_(Venezuela)_-_ribbon_bar.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Order Andrésa Bello (Wenezuela)"><img alt="Order Andrésa Bello (Wenezuela)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Orden_de_Andr%C3%A9s_Bello_%28Venezuela%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/40px-Orden_de_Andr%C3%A9s_Bello_%28Venezuela%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Orden_de_Andr%C3%A9s_Bello_%28Venezuela%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/60px-Orden_de_Andr%C3%A9s_Bello_%28Venezuela%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Orden_de_Andr%C3%A9s_Bello_%28Venezuela%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif/80px-Orden_de_Andr%C3%A9s_Bello_%28Venezuela%29_-_ribbon_bar.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Order_Imperium_Brytyjskiego" title="Kawaler Komandor Orderu Imperium Brytyjskiego od 1936 (cywilny)"><img alt="Kawaler Komandor Orderu Imperium Brytyjskiego od 1936 (cywilny)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Order_BritEmp_%28civil%29_rib.PNG/40px-Order_BritEmp_%28civil%29_rib.PNG" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Order_BritEmp_%28civil%29_rib.PNG/60px-Order_BritEmp_%28civil%29_rib.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Order_BritEmp_%28civil%29_rib.PNG/80px-Order_BritEmp_%28civil%29_rib.PNG 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Order_Zas%C5%82ugi_Republiki_W%C5%82oskiej" title="Order Zasługi Republiki Włoskiej I Klasy (1951-2001)"><img alt="Order Zasługi Republiki Włoskiej I Klasy (1951-2001)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg/40px-Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg/60px-Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg/80px-Cordone_di_gran_Croce_OMRI_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa;"><b>Nagrody</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/45px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizyki" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizyki">Nagroda Nobla w dziedzinie fizyki</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Medal_Copleya" title="Medal Copleya"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png/30px-Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png/45px-Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png/60px-Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="923" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Medal_Copleya" title="Medal Copleya">Medal Copleya</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Abdus_Salam" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Abdus_Salam" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Abdus Salam">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Wikicytaty"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/47px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam" class="extiw" title="q:Abdus Salam">Cytaty w Wikicytatach</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Grave_of_Abdus_Salam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Grave_of_Abdus_Salam.jpg/240px-Grave_of_Abdus_Salam.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Grave_of_Abdus_Salam.jpg/360px-Grave_of_Abdus_Salam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Grave_of_Abdus_Salam.jpg/480px-Grave_of_Abdus_Salam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Grób Abdusa Salama – na nagrobku wyryto napis: „First Muslim Nobel Laureate” („Pierwszy muzułmański laureat Nagrody Nobla”), jednak fanatycy zniszczyli wyraz „Muslim”<sup id="cite_ref-uwaga1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uwaga1-1">[a]</a></sup>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Abdus Salam</b> (ur. <a href="/wiki/29_stycznia" title="29 stycznia">29 stycznia</a> <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a> w <a href="/wiki/Jhang" title="Jhang">Jhang</a>, zm. <a href="/wiki/21_listopada" title="21 listopada">21 listopada</a> <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a> w <a href="/wiki/Oksford" title="Oksford">Oksfordzie</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-2">[1]</a></sup> – pakistański <a href="/wiki/Fizyka_teoretyczna" title="Fizyka teoretyczna">fizyk teoretyk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla">noblista</a>, profesor fizyki teoretycznej w <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a>, założyciel i dyrektor <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Centre_for_Theoretical_Physics&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="International Centre for Theoretical Physics (strona nie istnieje)">International Centre for Theoretical Physics</a> (ICTP) w <a href="/wiki/Triest" title="Triest">Trieście</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bio_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bio-3">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EPWN_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPWN-4">[3]</a></sup>. Zasłynął głównie w <a href="/wiki/Fizyka_cz%C4%85stek_elementarnych" title="Fizyka cząstek elementarnych">fizyce cząstek elementarnych</a> – jako współtwórca <a href="/wiki/Teoria_oddzia%C5%82ywa%C5%84_elektros%C5%82abych" title="Teoria oddziaływań elektrosłabych">teorii oddziaływań elektrosłabych</a> obok <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberga</a> i <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Glashowa</a>, z którymi otrzymał za to <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizyki" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizyki">Nagrodę Nobla w dziedzinie fizyki</a> w 1979. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Życiorys"><span id=".C5.BByciorys"></span>Życiorys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Życiorys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Życiorys"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pochodzenie_i_wykształcenie"><span id="Pochodzenie_i_wykszta.C5.82cenie"></span>Pochodzenie i wykształcenie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Pochodzenie i wykształcenie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Pochodzenie i wykształcenie"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ojciec Abdusa Salama był urzędnikiem w Wydziale Edukacji w ubogim rolniczym regionie. Abdus Salam jako czternastolatek przystąpił do egzaminu wstępnego na <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">University of the Punjab</a> i uzyskał na nim najwyższy wynik w historii uczelni. Uzyskał stypendium, które pozwoliło mu na podjęcie studiów w Government College na University of the Punjab (obecnie <a href="/w/index.php?title=Government_College_University,_Lahore&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Government College University, Lahore (strona nie istnieje)">Government College University, Lahore</a>). Studia ukończył w 1946, uzyskując tytuł MA. W tym samym roku wyjechał na stypendium do <a href="/wiki/St_John%E2%80%99s_College_(Cambridge)" title="St John’s College (Cambridge)">St John’s College</a>, wchodzącego w skład <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>. Tam w 1949 uzyskał stopień BA w dziedzinie matematyki i fizyki<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize_bio_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize_bio-5">[4]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Praca_naukowa">Praca naukowa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Praca naukowa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Praca naukowa"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>W 1950 został wyróżniony <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith%27s_Prize&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Smith&#39;s Prize (strona nie istnieje)">Smith's Prize</a>, nagrodą przyznawaną przez <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> osobom przed doktoratem, za wybitny wkład w dziedzinie fizyki. Stopień doktora fizyki teoretycznej uzyskał w 1952; jego rozprawa dotyczyła <a href="/wiki/Elektrodynamika_kwantowa" title="Elektrodynamika kwantowa">elektrodynamiki kwantowej</a><sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize_bio_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize_bio-5">[4]</a></sup>. </p><p>W 1951 wrócił do Pakistanu, aby wykładać matematykę w Government College; rok później objął stanowisko kierownika Zakładu Matematyki na University of the Punjab. W 1954 opuścił Pakistan i ponownie wyjechał do <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, gdzie w 1957 został profesorem fizyki teoretycznej na <a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a>. Stanowisko to łączył z funkcją dyrektora <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Centre_for_Theoretical_Physics&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="International Centre for Theoretical Physics (strona nie istnieje)">International Centre for Theoretical Physics</a> (ICTP) w <a href="/wiki/Triest" title="Triest">Trieście</a>, którego był współzałożycielem<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-6">[5]</a></sup>. </p><p>Abdus Salam za pomocą hipotetycznych równań opisał zależności pomiędzy siłą elektromagnetyczną a <a href="/wiki/Oddzia%C5%82ywanie_s%C5%82abe" title="Oddziaływanie słabe">oddziaływaniami słabymi</a>. Postulował istnienie cząstek elementarnych, takich jak <a href="/wiki/Bozon_W" title="Bozon W">Bozon W</a> czy <a href="/wiki/Bozon_Z" title="Bozon Z">Bozon Z</a>. Do podobnych wniosków doszli <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Sheldon Lee Glashow</a> oraz <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a>, którzy stosowali inne metody badawcze. Istnienie tych bozonów zostało potwierdzone przez eksperymenty prowadzone w <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> w 1983<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-6">[5]</a></sup>. </p><p>Od 1966 blisko współpracował z gen. <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Turowicz" title="Władysław Turowicz">Władysławem Turowiczem</a>, komendantem pakistańskiego Space &amp; Upper Atmosphere Research Committee (SUPARCO), przy rozwijaniu programu rakietowego i kosmicznego (satelity, astronauci). Brał również udział w rozwoju pakistańskiego programu nuklearnego<sup id="cite_ref-def_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-def-7">[6]</a></sup>. </p><p>Nagrodę Nobla otrzymał w 1979, wraz z <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Sheldonem Lee Glashowem</a> i <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Stevenem Weinbergiem</a>, za niezależne prace nad <a href="/wiki/Teoria_oddzia%C5%82ywa%C5%84_elektros%C5%82abych" title="Teoria oddziaływań elektrosłabych">jednolitą teorią</a> wzajemnego <a href="/wiki/Oddzia%C5%82ywanie_s%C5%82abe" title="Oddziaływanie słabe">słabego</a> i <a href="/wiki/Oddzia%C5%82ywanie_elektromagnetyczne" title="Oddziaływanie elektromagnetyczne">elektromagnetycznego</a> oddziaływania <a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%85stka_elementarna" title="Cząstka elementarna">cząstek elementarnych</a><sup id="cite_ref-NL_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NL-8">[7]</a></sup>. Był pierwszym muzułmańskim i pakistańskim laureatem Nagrody Nobla. Otrzymał również wiele innych honorowych tytułów oraz wysokich odznaczeń<sup id="cite_ref-CV_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CV-9">[8]</a></sup>, m.in. status członka zagranicznego <a href="/wiki/Polska_Akademia_Nauk" title="Polska Akademia Nauk">PAN</a> (1985)<sup id="cite_ref-EPWN_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPWN-4">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PAN_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PAN-10">[9]</a></sup>. Laureat <a href="/wiki/Medal_Copleya" title="Medal Copleya">Medalu Copleya</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Śmierć"><span id=".C5.9Amier.C4.87"></span>Śmierć</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Śmierć" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Śmierć"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Po śmierci, spowodowanej <a href="/wiki/Choroba_Parkinsona" title="Choroba Parkinsona">chorobą Parkinsona</a>, jego ciało zostało przetransportowane do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabwah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabwah (strona nie istnieje)">Rabwah</a> w <a href="/wiki/Pend%C5%BCab_(Pakistan)" title="Pendżab (Pakistan)">Pendżabie</a> i tam złożone w pobliżu grobu rodziców. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wyróżnienia"><span id="Wyr.C3.B3.C5.BCnienia"></span>Wyróżnienia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Wyróżnienia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Wyróżnienia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Odznaczenia">Odznaczenia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edytuj sekcję: Odznaczenia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Odznaczenia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salama odznaczyło kilka krajów Azji, Europy i Ameryki Południowej: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r72799541">.mw-parser-output .uklad-wielokolumnowy dl,.mw-parser-output .uklad-wielokolumnowy ol,.mw-parser-output .uklad-wielokolumnowy ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .uklad-wielokolumnowy.uklad-nieprzenosny>div,.mw-parser-output .uklad-wielokolumnowy.uklad-nieprzenosny li{break-inside:avoid}</style> </p> <div class="uklad-wielokolumnowy" style="column-count: 3; column-width: 200px;"> <ul><li>1959: Order Pakistanu<sup id="cite_ref-CV_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CV-9">[8]</a></sup></li> <li>1979: Order Imtiaz (Pakistan)</li> <li>1980: Order Niepodległości (Jordania)<sup id="cite_ref-CV_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CV-9">[8]</a></sup></li> <li>1980: Order <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Bello" title="Andrés Bello">Andrésa Bella</a> (Wenezuela)<sup id="cite_ref-CV_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CV-9">[8]</a></sup></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Order_Zas%C5%82ugi_Republiki_W%C5%82oskiej" title="Order Zasługi Republiki Włoskiej">Krzyż Wielki Orderu Zasługi Republiki Włoskiej</a> (Włochy)<sup id="cite_ref-CV_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CV-9">[8]</a></sup></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Order_Imperium_Brytyjskiego" title="Order Imperium Brytyjskiego">Honorowy Rycerz Komandor Orderu Imperium Brytyjskiego</a> (Wielka Brytania)<sup id="cite_ref-CV_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CV-9">[8]</a></sup></li> <li>1994: Krzyż Wielki <a href="/wiki/Order_Narodowy_Zas%C5%82ugi_Naukowej" title="Order Narodowy Zasługi Naukowej">Orderu Zasługi Naukowej</a> (Brazylia)<sup id="cite_ref-OZN_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OZN-11">[10]</a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Doktoraty_honorowe">Doktoraty honorowe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edytuj sekcję: Doktoraty honorowe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Doktoraty honorowe"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tytuł <a href="/wiki/Doktor_honoris_causa" title="Doktor honoris causa">doktora <i>honoris causa</i></a> przyznało mu ponad 40 uczelni z pięciu kontynentów – Azji, Europy, Afryki i obu Ameryk. Jego nazwisko znajduje się na liście uczelni, które przyznały ten tytuł, zamieszczonej na stronie internetowej Komitetu Noblowskiego<sup id="cite_ref-CV_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CV-9">[8]</a></sup>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r72799541"> </p> <div class="uklad-wielokolumnowy" style="column-count: 3; column-width: 300px;"> <ul><li>1957: <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">University of the Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahaur" title="Lahaur">Lahaur</a> (Pakistan)</li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Edynburski" title="Uniwersytet Edynburski">Uniwersytet Edynburski</a> (Wielka Brytania)</li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_di_Trieste" class="mw-redirect" title="Università degli Studi di Trieste">Università degli Studi di Trieste</a> (Włochy)</li> <li>1979: University of Islamabad (Pakistan)</li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_de_Ingenier%C3%ADa" title="Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería">Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería</a> w <a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Limie</a> (Peru)</li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tego_Marka" title="Uniwersytet Świętego Marka">Uniwersytet Świętego Marka</a> w Limie (Peru)</li> <li>1980: Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (Peru)</li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar" title="Universidad Simón Bolívar">Universidad Simón Bolívar</a> w <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a> (Wenezuela)</li> <li>1980: Yarmouk University w <a href="/wiki/Irbid" title="Irbid">Irbidzie</a> (Jordania)</li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Stambulski" title="Uniwersytet Stambulski">Uniwersytet Stambulski</a> (Turcja)</li> <li>1981: Guru Nanak Dev University w <a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsarze</a> (Indie)</li> <li>1981: Muslim University w <a href="/wiki/Aligarh" title="Aligarh">Aligarh</a> (Indie)</li> <li>1981: Banaras Hindu University w <a href="/wiki/Waranasi" title="Waranasi">Waranasi</a> (Indie)</li> <li>1981: University of Chittagong (Bangladesz)</li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Wroc%C5%82awski" title="Uniwersytet Wrocławski">Uniwersytet Wrocławski</a> (28 maja<sup id="cite_ref-UWr_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UWr-12">[11]</a></sup>)</li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Bristolski" title="Uniwersytet Bristolski">University of Bristol</a> (Wielka Brytania)</li> <li>1981: University of Maiduguri (<a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>)</li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Filipi%C5%84ski" title="Uniwersytet Filipiński">Uniwersytet Filipiński</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Chartumski" title="Uniwersytet Chartumski">Uniwersytet Chartumski</a> (Sudan)</li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Complutense_w_Madrycie" title="Uniwersytet Complutense w Madrycie">Uniwersytet Complutense w Madrycie</a> (Hiszpania)</li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York">City College of New York</a> (USA)</li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nairobi" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Nairobi">University of Nairobi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kenia" title="Kenia">Kenia</a>)</li> <li>1985: Universidad Nacional de Cuyo w <a href="/wiki/Mendoza_(miasto)" title="Mendoza (miasto)">Mendozie</a> (Argentyna)</li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Universidad_Nacional_de_La_Plata" title="Universidad Nacional de La Plata">Universidad Nacional de La Plata</a> (Argentyna)</li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> (Wielka Brytania)</li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_w_G%C3%B6teborgu" title="Uniwersytet w Göteborgu">Uniwersytet w Göteborgu</a> (Szwecja)</li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Sofijski_im._%C5%9Bw._Klemensa_z_Ochrydy" title="Uniwersytet Sofijski im. św. Klemensa z Ochrydy">Uniwersytet Sofijski im. św. Klemensa z Ochrydy</a> (Bułgaria)</li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Glasgow" title="University of Glasgow">Uniwersytet w Glasgow</a> (Wielka Brytania)</li> <li>1986: University of Science and Technology w <a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a> (Chiny)</li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/City_University" title="City University">City, University of London</a> (Wielka Brytania)</li> <li>1987: Panjab University w <a href="/wiki/Czandigarh" title="Czandigarh">Czandigarh</a> (Indie)</li> <li>1987: Medicina Alternativa Institute w <a href="/wiki/Kolombo" title="Kolombo">Kolombo</a> (Sri Lanka)</li> <li>1987: National University of Benin w <a href="/wiki/Kotonu" title="Kotonu">Kotonu</a> (Benin)</li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Exeter" title="University of Exeter">University of Exeter</a> (Wielka Brytania)</li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Gandawski" title="Uniwersytet Gandawski">Uniwersytet w Gandawie</a> (Belgia)</li> <li>1990: Bendel State University w <a href="/wiki/Ekpoma" title="Ekpoma">Ekpomie</a> (Nigeria)</li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ghana" title="University of Ghana">Uniwersytet Ghany</a> (Ghana)</li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a> (Wielka Brytania)</li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Cheikh_Anta_Diop" title="Université Cheikh Anta Diop">Université Cheikh Anta Diop</a> w <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakarze</a> (Senegal)</li> <li>1991: Universidad Nacional de Tucumán w <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_de_Tucum%C3%A1n" title="San Miguel de Tucumán">San Miguel de Tucumán</a> (Argentyna)</li> <li>1992: University of Lagos (Nigeria)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uwagi">Uwagi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edytuj sekcję: Uwagi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Uwagi"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection refsection-uwagi ll-script ll-script-uwagi"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-uwaga1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-uwaga1_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Abdus Salam był wierzącym muzułmaninem: od urodzenia należał do ruchu <a href="/wiki/Ahmadijja" title="Ahmadijja">ahmadijja</a>, przez co przez część współwyznawców był uznawany za heretyka.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nobelprize-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/salam/facts/">Nobel Prize in Physics 1979 • Abdus Salam – Facts</a>.&#32;Nobel Media AB.&#32;[dostęp 2014-02-05].&#32;<span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bio-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bio_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/salam/biographical/">Abdus Salam – Biographical</a>.&#32;Nobel Media AB.&#32;[dostęp 2014-02-05].&#32;<span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPWN-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EPWN_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-EPWN_4-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web open-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3971365"><i>Salam Abdus</i></a>, [w:] <i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">Encyklopedia PWN</a></i> [online], <a href="/wiki/Wydawnictwo_Naukowe_PWN" title="Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN">Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN</a><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-07-29]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft.gengre=unknown&amp;rft.atitle=Salam+Abdus&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.jtitle=%5B%5BWydawnictwo+Naukowe+PWN%5D%5D&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fencyklopedia.pwn.pl%2Fhaslo%2F%3B3971365" style="display:none">&#160;</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nobelprize_bio-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize_bio_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize_bio_5-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/salam/biographical/">Abdus Salam. Biographical</a>.&#32;[w:] <i>nobelprize.org</i> [on-line].&#32;[dostęp 2019-12-17].&#32;<span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_6-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_6-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation open-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdus-Salam"><i>Abdus Salam</i></a>, [w:] <i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2019-12-17]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft.gengre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Abdus+Salam&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.btitle=%27%27%5B%5BEncyklopedia+Britannica%7CEncyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%5D%5D%27%27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FAbdus-Salam" style="display:none">&#160;</span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-def-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-def_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://defence.pk/threads/the-rocket-missile-man-of-pakistan-air-commodore-w%C5%82adys%C5%82aw-j%C3%B3zef-marian-turowicz.395499/">The Rocket-Missile Man of Pakistan: Air Commodore Władysław Józef Marian Turowicz</a>.&#32;Pakistan Defence.&#32;[dostęp 2015-09-09].&#32;<span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NL-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NL_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/salam/lecture/">Nobel Lecture, December 8, 1979 • <i>Gauge Unification of Fundamental Forces</i></a>.&#32;Nobel Media AB.&#32;[dostęp 2014-02-05].&#32;<span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CV-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CV_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CV_9-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CV_9-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CV_9-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CV_9-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CV_9-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CV_9-6">g</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1979/salam-cv.html">Abdus Salam Curriculum Vitae</a>.&#32;Nobel Media AB.&#32;[dostęp 2014-02-05].&#32;<span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PAN-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PAN_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://czlonkowie.pan.pl/czlonkowie/sites/WynikiWyszukiwania.html?s=SALAM,+Abdus"><i>Salam, Abdus</i></a>, [w:] Członkowie Polskiej Akademii Nauk [online], czlonkowie.pan.pl<span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-09-01]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft.gengre=unknown&amp;rft.atitle=Salam%2C+Abdus&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.jtitle=czlonkowie.pan.pl&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fczlonkowie.pan.pl%2Fczlonkowie%2Fsites%2FWynikiWyszukiwania.html%3Fs%3DSALAM%2C%2BAbdus" style="display:none">&#160;</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OZN-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-OZN_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20170428003926/http://www.mct.gov.br:80/index.php/content/view/11199.html#descricao1">Listagem Geral da Ordem Nacional do Mérito Científico</a>.&#32;Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação.&#32;[dostęp 2014-02-25].&#32;<span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku portugalskim (português)">port.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UWr-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-UWr_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mbd.muzeum.uni.wroc.pl/die-geschichte-der-universitt/doktorzy-honoris-causa/abdus-salam">Doktorzy honoris causa: Multimedialna Baza Danych Muzeum Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego</a>.&#32;mbd.muzeum.uni.wroc.pl.&#32;[dostęp 2018-07-11].&#32;<span class="lang-list tylko-pl">(<abbr title="Treść w języku polskim">pol.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1979/salam/facts/">Nobel Prize in Physics 1979 • Abdus Salam – Facts</a>.&#32;Nobel Media AB.&#32;<span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Kajetan_Wr%C3%B3blewski" title="Andrzej Kajetan Wróblewski">Andrzej K.&#32;Wróblewski</a>.&#32;<em>Noblista heretyk</em>.&#32;„<a href="/wiki/Wiedza_i_%C5%BBycie" title="Wiedza i Życie">Wiedza i Życie</a>”,&#32;s.&#32;63,&#32;marzec 2010.&#32;Warszawa:&#32;<a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%B3szy%C5%84ski_Media" title="Prószyński Media">Prószyński Media</a>.&#32;<span class="issn"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0137-8929">0137-8929</a></span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Noblista+heretyk&amp;rft.jtitle=%5B%5BWiedza+i+%C5%BBycie%5D%5D&amp;rft.date=marzec+2010&amp;rft.aulast=Wr%C3%B3blewski&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrzej+K.&amp;rft.pages=63&amp;rft.issn=0137-8929"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linki_zewnętrzne"><span id="Linki_zewn.C4.99trzne"></span>Linki zewnętrzne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edytuj sekcję: Linki zewnętrzne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Linki zewnętrzne"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ictp.it/about-ictp/mission-history.aspx">ICTP Mission &amp; History • An institute run by scientists for scientists</a>, www.ictp.it</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ictp.it/about-ictp/media-centre/news/2014/1/spirit-salam-award.aspx"><i>Spirit of Abdus Salam Award Recipients Announced</i>, Three long-time ICTP staff share recognition ICTP founder and Nobel Laureate Abdus Salam, 30/01/2014, Trieste, Italy</a>, www.ictp.it</li></ul> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output 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plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Nobel_Fizyka" title="Szablon:Nobel Fizyka"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Nobel_Fizyka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Nobel Fizyka (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Nobel_Fizyka&amp;action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizyki" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizyki">Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizyki</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Röntgen</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P. Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie" title="Maria Skłodowska-Curie">M. Curie</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt" title="John William Strutt">Rayleigh</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Thomson</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Michelson" title="Albert Michelson">Michelson</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">van der Waals</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">von Laue</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W.L. Bragg</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W.H. Bragg</a></li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Millikan" title="Robert Millikan">Millikan</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">Siegbahn</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz" title="Gustav Ludwig Hertz">Hertz</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Perrin</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Compton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">de Broglie</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman">Raman</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Joseph_Davisson" title="Clinton Joseph Davisson">Davisson</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Thomson" title="George Thomson">Thomson</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">Blackett</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" title="Cecil Frank Powell">Powell</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Cockcroft" title="John Douglas Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb" title="Willis Eugene Lamb">Lamb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Yang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T.D. Lee</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Pawie%C5%82_Czerenkow" title="Pawieł Czerenkow">Czerenkow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Frank" title="Ilja Frank">Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Igor_Tamm" title="Igor Tamm">Tamm</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Segrè</a>, <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Arthur_Glaser" title="Donald Arthur Glaser">Glaser</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_M%C3%B6%C3%9Fbauer" title="Rudolf Mößbauer">Mössbauer</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Lew_Landau" title="Lew Landau">Landau</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._Hans_D._Jensen" title="J. Hans D. Jensen">J. Hans D. Jensen</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes">Townes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niko%C5%82aj_Basow" title="Nikołaj Basow">Basow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Prochorow" title="Aleksandr Prochorow">Prochorow</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Shin%E2%80%99ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin’ichirō Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Néel</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Gabor</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson">Josephson</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">A. Bohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Mottelson" title="Benjamin Mottelson">Mottelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ting" title="Samuel Ting">Ting</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck van Vleck">van Vleck</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Piotr_Kapica" title="Piotr Kapica">Kapica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arno_Penzias" title="Arno Penzias">Penzias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Glashow</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val_Fitch" title="Val Fitch">Fitch</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kai_M._Siegbahn" title="Kai M. Siegbahn">Siegbahn</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_G._Wilson" title="Kenneth G. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Fowler" title="William Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">van der Meer</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Georg_Bednorz" title="Johannes Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Müller</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Lederman" title="Leon Lederman">Lederman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Norman_F._Ramsey" title="Norman F. Ramsey">Ramsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Paul</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_I._Friedman" title="Jerome I. Friedman">Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kendall" title="Henry Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Taylor" title="Richard E. Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de Gennes</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Hulse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Taylor_Jr." title="Joseph H. Taylor Jr.">Taylor</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Perl" title="Martin Perl">Perl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/David_M._Lee" title="David M. Lee">D. Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_D._Osheroff" title="Douglas D. Osheroff">Osheroff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Richardson" title="Robert C. Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_D._Phillips" title="William D. Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Laughlin" title="Robert B. Laughlin">Laughlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horst_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Störmer">Störmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Tsui" title="Daniel C. Tsui">Tsui</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%E2%80%99t_Hooft" title="Gerardus ’t Hooft">'t Hooft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinus_J.G._Veltman" title="Martinus J.G. Veltman">Veltman</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBores_A%C5%82fiorow" title="Żores Ałfiorow">Ałfiorow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Cornell" title="Eric Cornell">Cornell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Wieman</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis" title="Raymond Davis">Davis Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Aleksiej_Abrikosow" title="Aleksiej Abrikosow">Abrikosow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Witalij_Ginzburg" title="Witalij Ginzburg">Ginzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Leggett</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a>, <a href="/wiki/H._David_Politzer" title="H. David Politzer">Politzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Glauber" title="Roy Glauber">Glauber</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" title="John L. Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Hänsch</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/John_C._Mather" title="John C. Mather">Mather</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_F._Smoot" title="George F. Smoot">Smoot</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi" title="Makoto Kobayashi">Kobayashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Masukawa" title="Toshihide Masukawa">Maskawa</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Kao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Andriej_Gejm" title="Andriej Gejm">Gejm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Nowosio%C5%82ow" title="Konstantin Nowosiołow">Nowosiołow</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Schmidt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">Wineland</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%ABji_Nakamura" title="Shūji Nakamura">Nakamura</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._McDonald" title="Arthur B. McDonald">McDonald</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">Thouless</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_M._Kosterlitz" title="John M. Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Weiss" title="Rainer Weiss">Weiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">Peebles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Ghez" title="Andrea Ghez">Ghez</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_L%E2%80%99Huillier" title="Anne L’Huillier">L’Huillier</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:NobelP2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel"><img alt="Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/80px-NobelP2.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/120px-NobelP2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/160px-NobelP2.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="542" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Laureaci_Medalu_Copleya_(XX_wiek)" title="Szablon:Laureaci Medalu Copleya (XX wiek)"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Laureaci_Medalu_Copleya_(XX_wiek)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Laureaci Medalu Copleya (XX wiek) (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Laureaci_Medalu_Copleya_(XX_wiek)&amp;action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Laureaci <a href="/wiki/Medal_Copleya" title="Medal Copleya">Medalu Copleya</a> (XX wiek)</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs">Josiah Willard Gibbs</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lister" title="Joseph Lister">Joseph Lister</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Suess" title="Eduard Suess">Eduard Suess</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Crookes" title="William Crookes">William Crookes</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Mendelejew" title="Dmitrij Mendelejew">Dmitrij Mendelejew</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Miecznikow" title="Ilja Miecznikow">Ilja Miecznikow</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Michelson" title="Albert Michelson">Albert Michelson</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/George_William_Hill" title="George William Hill">George William Hill</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Galton" title="Francis Galton">Francis Galton</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/George_Darwin" title="George Darwin">George Darwin</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Klein" title="Felix Klein">Felix Klein</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Lankester" title="Ray Lankester">Ray Lankester</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/Iwan_Paw%C5%82ow" title="Iwan Pawłow">Iwan Pawłow</a></li> <li>1916: <a href="/wiki/James_Dewar" title="James Dewar">James Dewar</a></li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Paul_%C3%89mile_Roux" title="Pierre Paul Émile Roux">Pierre Paul Émile Roux</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Maddock_Bayliss&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Maddock Bayliss (strona nie istnieje)">William Maddock Bayliss</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Tabberer_Brown&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Tabberer Brown (strona nie istnieje)">Horace Tabberer Brown</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Larmor" title="Joseph Larmor">Joseph Larmor</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Lamb&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Lamb (strona nie istnieje)">Horace Lamb</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer">Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hopkins" title="Frederick Hopkins">Frederick Hopkins</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sherrington" title="Charles Sherrington">Charles Sherrington</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Parsons" title="Charles Parsons">Charles Parsons</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Schuster&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Schuster (strona nie istnieje)">Arthur Schuster</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/George_Ellery_Hale" title="George Ellery Hale">George Ellery Hale</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theobald_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Theobald Smith (strona nie istnieje)">Theobald Smith</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Haldane" title="John Scott Haldane">John Scott Haldane</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Thomson Rees Wilson</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Evans" title="Arthur Evans">Arthur Evans</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Henry Hallett Dale</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Thomas Hunt Morgan</a></li> <li>1940: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Langevin" title="Paul Langevin">Paul Langevin</a></li> <li>1941: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Lewis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Lewis (strona nie istnieje)">Thomas Lewis</a></li> <li>1942: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">Robert Robinson</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Barcroft&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Barcroft (strona nie istnieje)">Joseph Barcroft</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ingram_Taylor" title="Geoffrey Ingram Taylor">Geoffrey Ingram Taylor</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Avery" title="Oswald Avery">Oswald Avery</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Edgar Douglas Adrian</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Harold_Hardy" title="Godfrey Harold Hardy">Godfrey Harold Hardy</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Vivian_Hill" title="Archibald Vivian Hill">Archibald Vivian Hill</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Charles_De_Hevesy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George Charles De Hevesy (strona nie istnieje)">George Charles De Hevesy</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/David_Keilin" title="David Keilin">David Keilin</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Kluyver&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Kluyver (strona nie istnieje)">Albert Kluyver</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Whittaker" title="Edmund Whittaker">Edmund Whittaker</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">Ronald Fisher</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Howard Florey</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/John_Edensor_Littlewood" title="John Edensor Littlewood">John Edensor Littlewood</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Frank Macfarlane Burnet</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Jeffreys" title="Harold Jeffreys">Harold Jeffreys</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Hans Adolf Krebs</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Fildes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Fildes (strona nie istnieje)">Paul Fildes</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydney_Chapman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydney Chapman (strona nie istnieje)">Sydney Chapman</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">William Lawrence Bragg</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Bernard Katz</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Reichstein" title="Tadeusz Reichstein">Tadeusz Reichstein</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Peter Medawar</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Robertus_Todd&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Robertus Todd (strona nie istnieje)">Alexander Robertus Todd</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Pirie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Pirie (strona nie istnieje)">Norman Pirie</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Nevill Francis Mott</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fielding_Huxley" title="Andrew Fielding Huxley">Andrew Fielding Huxley</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Vallance_Douglas_Hodge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge (strona nie istnieje)">William Vallance Douglas Hodge</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward" title="Robert Woodward">Robert Woodward</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derek_Harold_Richard_Barton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Derek Harold Richard Barton (strona nie istnieje)">Derek Harold Richard Barton</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Rodney Robert Porter</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Peierls&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Peierls (strona nie istnieje)">Rudolf Peierls</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hill_(biochemik)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hill (biochemik) (strona nie istnieje)">Robert Hill</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Michael Atiyah</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a></li> <li>1990: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abdus Salam</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Charles_Frank&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Charles Frank (strona nie istnieje)">Frederick Charles Frank</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Fenner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Fenner (strona nie istnieje)">Frank Fenner</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Cottrell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Cottrell (strona nie istnieje)">Alan Cottrell</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Huxley" title="Hugh Huxley">Hugh Huxley</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_James_Lighthill&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael James Lighthill (strona nie istnieje)">Michael James Lighthill</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith">John Maynard Smith</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Rushton_Battersby&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Rushton Battersby (strona nie istnieje)">Alan Rushton Battersby</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Copley_Medal_(obverse).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png/100px-Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png/150px-Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png/200px-Copley_Medal_%28obverse%29.png 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="923" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Laureaci_Royal_Medal_(XX_wiek)" title="Szablon:Laureaci Royal Medal (XX wiek)"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Laureaci_Royal_Medal_(XX_wiek)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Laureaci Royal Medal (XX wiek) (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Laureaci_Royal_Medal_(XX_wiek)&amp;action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Laureaci <a href="/wiki/Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a> (XX wiek)</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1901–1909</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Ayrton" title="William Edward Ayrton">W.E. Ayrton</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_Blanford" title="William Thomas Blanford">W.T. Blanford</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Albert_Sharpey-Schafer" title="Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer">E.A. Sharpey-Schafer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Lamb&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Lamb (strona nie istnieje)">H. Lamb</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/David_Gill" title="David Gill">D. Gill</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Tabberer_Brown&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Tabberer Brown (strona nie istnieje)">H.T. Brown</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/David_Bruce_(mikrobiolog)" title="David Bruce (mikrobiolog)">D. Bruce</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Burnside" title="William Burnside">W. Burnside</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sherrington" title="Charles Sherrington">C.S. Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Poynting" title="John Henry Poynting">J.H. Poynting</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_George_Greenhill&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred George Greenhill (strona nie istnieje)">A.G. Greenhill</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dukinfield_Henry_Scott&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dukinfield Henry Scott (strona nie istnieje)">D.H. Scott</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_William_Hobson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest William Hobson (strona nie istnieje)">E.H. Hobson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramsay_Heatley_Traquair&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramsay Heatley Traquair (strona nie istnieje)">R.H. Traquair</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Head" title="Henry Head">H. Head</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Milne_(geolog)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Milne (geolog) (strona nie istnieje)">J. Milne</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustus_Love&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustus Love (strona nie istnieje)">A. Love</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">R. Ross</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1910–1919</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1910: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Orpen_Bower&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Orpen Bower (strona nie istnieje)">F.O. Bower</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Joly&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Joly (strona nie istnieje)">J. Joly</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Chrystal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George Chrystal (strona nie istnieje)">G. Chrystal</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Bayliss" title="William Bayliss">W.M. Bayliss</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Smith" title="Elliot Smith">G.E. Smith</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Mitchinson_Hicks&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Mitchinson Hicks (strona nie istnieje)">W.M. Hicks</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Starling" title="Ernest Starling">E.H. Starling</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Baily_Dixon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Baily Dixon (strona nie istnieje)">H.B. Dixon</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_William_Brown" title="Ernest William Brown">E.W. Brown</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Johnson_Sollas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Johnson Sollas (strona nie istnieje)">W.J. Sollas</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Larmor" title="Joseph Larmor">J. Larmor</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Halse_Rivers" title="William Halse Rivers">W.H. Rivers</a></li> <li>1916: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hector_Munro_Macdonald&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hector Munro Macdonald (strona nie istnieje)">H.M. Macdonald</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Scott_Haldane" title="John Scott Haldane">J.S. Haldane</a></li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Smith_Woodward" title="Arthur Smith Woodward">A.S. Woodward</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Aitken&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Aitken (strona nie istnieje)">J. Aitken</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Fowler" title="Alfred Fowler">A. Fowler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hopkins" title="Frederick Hopkins">F.G. Hopkins</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/James_Hopwood_Jeans" title="James Hopwood Jeans">J.H. Jeans</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Bretland_Farmer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Bretland Farmer (strona nie istnieje)">J.B. Farmer</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 20.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1920: <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Harold_Hardy" title="Godfrey Harold Hardy">G.H. Hardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Bateson" title="William Bateson">W. Bateson</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Watson_Dyson" title="Frank Watson Dyson">F.W. Dyson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Blackman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Blackman (strona nie istnieje)">F. Blackman</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C.T.R. Wilson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Barcroft&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Barcroft (strona nie istnieje)">J. Barcroft</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_James_Martin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles James Martin (strona nie istnieje)">C.G. Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Napier_Shaw" title="William Napier Shaw">W.N. Shaw</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dugald_Clerk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dugald Clerk (strona nie istnieje)">D. Clerk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">H.H. Dale</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Charles_Seward" title="Albert Charles Seward">A.C. Seward</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Perkin,_Jr.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Henry Perkin, Jr. (strona nie istnieje)">W.H. Perkin Jr</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Vivian_Hill" title="Archibald Vivian Hill">A.V. Hill</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bate_Hardy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Bate Hardy (strona nie istnieje)">W.B. Hardy</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cunningham_McLennan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Cunningham McLennan (strona nie istnieje)">J.C. McLennan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Lewis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Lewis (strona nie istnieje)">T. Lewis</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Stanley_Eddington" title="Arthur Stanley Eddington">A.S. Eddington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Broom" title="Robert Broom">R. Broom</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/John_Edensor_Littlewood" title="John Edensor Littlewood">J.E. Littlewood</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Muir&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Muir (strona nie istnieje)">R. Muir</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 30.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1930: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Edward_Marr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Edward Marr (strona nie istnieje)">J.E. Marr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O.W. Richardson</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Glazebrook&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Glazebrook (strona nie istnieje)">R. Glazebrook</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Henry_Lang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Henry Lang (strona nie istnieje)">W.H. Lang</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Mellanby&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Mellanby (strona nie istnieje)">E. Mellanby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson" title="Robert Robinson">R. Robinson</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ingram_Taylor" title="Geoffrey Ingram Taylor">G.I. Taylor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patrick_Playfair_Laidlaw&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Patrick Playfair Laidlaw (strona nie istnieje)">P.P. Laidlaw</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">E.D. Adrian</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sydney_Chapman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sydney Chapman (strona nie istnieje)">S. Chapman</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Harker&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Harker (strona nie istnieje)">A. Harker</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Galton_Darwin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Galton Darwin (strona nie istnieje)">C.G. Darwin</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Stephen_Goodrich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Stephen Goodrich (strona nie istnieje)">E.S. Goodrich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fowler" title="Ralph Fowler">R.H. Fowler</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Henry_Reginald_Buller&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Henry Reginald Buller (strona nie istnieje)">A.H.R. Buller</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevil_Vincent_Sidgwick&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevil Vincent Sidgwick (strona nie istnieje)">N.V. Sidgwick</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">F.W. Aston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">R.A. Fisher</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/David_Keilin" title="David Keilin">D. Keilin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">P.A.M. Dirac</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a5"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 40.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1940: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Hugh_Adam_Marshall&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Hugh Adam Marshall (strona nie istnieje)">F.H.A. Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">P.M.S. Blackett</a></li> <li>1941: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernest_Kennaway&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernest Kennaway (strona nie istnieje)">E. Kennaway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Arthur_Milne" title="Edward Arthur Milne">E.A. Milne</a></li> <li>1942: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Whiteman_Carlton_Topley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Whiteman Carlton Topley (strona nie istnieje)">W.W.C. Topley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Norman_Haworth" title="Walter Norman Haworth">W.N. Haworth</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Battersby_Bailey&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Battersby Bailey (strona nie istnieje)">E.B. Bailey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Spencer_Jones" title="Harold Spencer Jones">H.S. Jones</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Robert_Harington&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Robert Harington (strona nie istnieje)">C.R. Harington</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Brunt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Brunt (strona nie istnieje)">D. Brunt</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_James_Salisbury&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward James Salisbury (strona nie istnieje)">E.J. Salisbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bernal" title="John Bernal">J.D. Bernal</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Dean_Darlington" title="Cyril Dean Darlington">C.D. Darlington</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W.L. Bragg</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">F.M. Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Hinshelwood">C.N. Hinshelwood</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/James_Gray" title="James Gray">J. Gray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Jeffreys" title="Harold Jeffreys">H. Jeffreys</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolph_Albert_Peters&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolph Albert Peters (strona nie istnieje)">R.A. Peters</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Thomson" title="George Thomson">G.P. Thomson</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a6"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 50.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1950: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Frederick_Abel_Pantin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Frederick Abel Pantin (strona nie istnieje)">C.F.A. Pantin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">E.V. Appleton</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">H. Florey</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Heilbron&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Heilbron (strona nie istnieje)">I. Heilbron</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Bartlett" title="Frederic Bartlett">F. Bartlett</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Kelk_Ingold&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Kelk Ingold (strona nie istnieje)">C.K. Ingold</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Fildes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Fildes (strona nie istnieje)">P. Fildes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">N.F. Mott</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">H.A. Krebs</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Cockcroft" title="John Douglas Cockcroft">J.D. Cockcroft</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_Wigglesworth&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent Wigglesworth (strona nie istnieje)">V. Wigglesworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Todd" title="Alexander Todd">A. Todd</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Owen_Thomas_Jones&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Owen Thomas Jones (strona nie istnieje)">O.T. Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin">D.M.C. Hodgkin</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Gugenheim_Gregory&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Gugenheim Gregory (strona nie istnieje)">F.G. Gregory</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Vallance_Douglas_Hodge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Vallance Douglas Hodge (strona nie istnieje)">W.V.D. Hodge</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">A.L. Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrie_Massey" title="Harrie Massey">H. Massey</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">P.B. Medawar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Peierls&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Peierls (strona nie istnieje)">R. Peierls</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a7"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 60.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1960: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Cameron&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roy Cameron (strona nie istnieje)">R. Cameron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lovell" title="Bernard Lovell">B. Lovell</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilfrid_Le_Gros_Clark&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilfrid Le Gros Clark (strona nie istnieje)">W.L.G. Clark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" title="Cecil Frank Powell">C.F. Powell</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles">J.C. Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">S. Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Harold_Read&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Harold Read (strona nie istnieje)">H.H. Read</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hill_(biochemik)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hill (biochemik) (strona nie istnieje)">R. Hill</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Brambell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Brambell (strona nie istnieje)">F. Brambell</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_James_Lighthill&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael James Lighthill (strona nie istnieje)">M.J. Lighthill</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Charles_Husband&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Charles Husband (strona nie istnieje)">H.C. Husband</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">J.C. Kendrew</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Arthur_Lyttleton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Arthur Lyttleton (strona nie istnieje)">R.A. Lyttleton</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cockerell" title="Christopher Cockerell">C. Cockerell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Yates" title="Frank Yates">F. Yates</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Ashworth_Ratcliffe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Ashworth Ratcliffe (strona nie istnieje)">J.A. Ratcliffe</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Hutchinson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Hutchinson (strona nie istnieje)">J. Hutchinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Zachary_Young" title="John Zachary Young">J.Z. Young</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cecil_Edgar_Tilley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cecil Edgar Tilley (strona nie istnieje)">C.E. Tilley</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilbert_Roberts&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilbert Roberts (strona nie istnieje)">G. Roberts</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Thomas_James_Morgan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Thomas James Morgan (strona nie istnieje)">W.T.J. Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">M.F. Atiyah</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_William_Oatley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles William Oatley (strona nie istnieje)">C.W. Oatley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">F. Sanger</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Edward_Raven_Deacon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George Edward Raven Deacon (strona nie istnieje)">G.E.R. Deacon</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a8"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 70.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1970: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Fleetwood_Baker&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Fleetwood Baker (strona nie istnieje)">J.F. Baker</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Albert_Hugh_Rushton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Albert Hugh Rushton (strona nie istnieje)">W.A.H. Rushton</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingsley_Charles_Dunham&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingsley Charles Dunham (strona nie istnieje)">K.C. Dunham</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Edward_Kent&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Percy Edward Kent (strona nie istnieje)">P.E. Kent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">M. Perutz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">G. Herzberg</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilfrid_Bennett_Lewis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilfrid Bennett Lewis (strona nie istnieje)">W.B. Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">F. Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">D. Barton</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Penley_Abraham&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Penley Abraham (strona nie istnieje)">E.P. Abraham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">R.R. Porter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">M. Ryle</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">S. Brenner</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Edwards&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George Edwards (strona nie istnieje)">G. Edwards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hoyle" title="Fred Hoyle">F. Hoyle</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Barnes_Wallis" title="Barnes Wallis">B. Wallis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Chilton_Phillips&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Chilton Phillips (strona nie istnieje)">D.C. Phillips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bullard" title="Edward Bullard">E. Bullard</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Walsh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Walsh (strona nie istnieje)">A. Walsh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Learmonth_Gowans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James Learmonth Gowans (strona nie istnieje)">J.L. Gowans</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">J.W. Cornforth</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Bertram_Adams&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Bertram Adams (strona nie istnieje)">J.B. Adams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Huxley" title="Hugh Huxley">H.E. Huxley</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Hirsch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Hirsch (strona nie istnieje)">P. Hirsch</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Kilburn" title="Tom Kilburn">T. Kilburn</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roderic_Alfred_Gregory&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roderic Alfred Gregory (strona nie istnieje)">R.A. Gregory</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">A. Salam</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vernon_Ellis_Cosslett&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vernon Ellis Cosslett (strona nie istnieje)">V.E. Cosslett</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Walter_Kosterlitz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Walter Kosterlitz (strona nie istnieje)">H.W. Kosterlitz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Frank&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Frank (strona nie istnieje)">C. Frank</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a9"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 80.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1980: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Paul_Wild&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Paul Wild (strona nie istnieje)">J.P. Wild</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Harris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Harris (strona nie istnieje)">H. Harris</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denys_Wilkinson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Denys Wilkinson (strona nie istnieje)">D. Wilkinson</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Riley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Riley (strona nie istnieje)">R. Riley</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marthe_Louise_Vogt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marthe Louise Vogt (strona nie istnieje)">M.L. Vogt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">G. Wilkinson</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">C. Milstein</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hawthorne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hawthorne (strona nie istnieje)">W. Hawthorne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dalitz" title="Richard Dalitz">R.H. Dalitz</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Joseph_Bradley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Joseph Bradley (strona nie istnieje)">D.J. Bradley</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Siegmund_Feldberg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Siegmund Feldberg (strona nie istnieje)">W.S. Feldberg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Kingman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Kingman (strona nie istnieje)">J. Kingman</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Lamb_Cullen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Lamb Cullen (strona nie istnieje)">A.L. Cullen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Lyon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Lyon (strona nie istnieje)">M. Lyon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Battersby&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Battersby (strona nie istnieje)">A. Battersby</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Argyris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Argyris (strona nie istnieje)">J. Argyris</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Bertrand_Gurdon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Bertrand Gurdon (strona nie istnieje)">J.B. Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">R. Penrose</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Ash&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Ash (strona nie istnieje)">E. Ash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Doll" title="Richard Doll">R. Doll</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Richards&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rex Richards (strona nie istnieje)">R. Richards</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Victor_Rudolf_Born&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Victor Rudolf Born (strona nie istnieje)">G.V.R. Born</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_James_Denton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric James Denton (strona nie istnieje)">E.J. Denton</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Graham-Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Graham-Smith (strona nie istnieje)">F. Graham-Smith</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Barlow_(in%C5%BCynier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Barlow (inżynier) (strona nie istnieje)">H. Barlow</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Winifred_Watkins&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Winifred Watkins (strona nie istnieje)">W. Watkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Batchelor" title="George Batchelor">G. Batchelor</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/John_Vane" title="John Vane">J. Vane</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Weatherall&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Weatherall (strona nie istnieje)">D. Weatherall</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">J.C. Polanyi</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a10"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">lata 90.</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Olgierd_Zienkiewicz" title="Olgierd Zienkiewicz">O.C. Zienkiewicz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_McLaren" title="Anne McLaren">A. McLaren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Berry_(fizyk)" title="Michael Berry (fizyk)">M. Berry</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Mason&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Mason (strona nie istnieje)">J. Mason</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Berridge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Berridge (strona nie istnieje)">M. Berridge</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dan_McKenzie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan McKenzie (strona nie istnieje)">D. McKenzie</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Tabor&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Tabor (strona nie istnieje)">D. Tabor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Epstein" title="Michael Epstein">M.A. Epstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Donaldson" title="Simon Donaldson">S. Donaldson</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodney_Hill&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodney Hill (strona nie istnieje)">R. Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horace_Barlow" title="Horace Barlow">H. Barlow</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volker_Heine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Volker Heine (strona nie istnieje)">V. Heine</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvador_Moncada&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvador Moncada (strona nie istnieje)">S. Moncada</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Mansfield&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Mansfield (strona nie istnieje)">E. Mansfield</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sivaramakrishna_Chandrasekhar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar (strona nie istnieje)">S. Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Metcalf&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Metcalf (strona nie istnieje)">D. Metcalf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">P. Nurse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_J_Williams&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert J Williams (strona nie istnieje)">R.J. Williams</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hinde&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hinde (strona nie istnieje)">R. Hinde</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Heslop-Harrison&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Heslop-Harrison (strona nie istnieje)">J. Heslop-Harrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wiles" title="Andrew Wiles">A. Wiles</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Eglinton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Eglinton (strona nie istnieje)">G. Eglinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith">J.M. Smith</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Hill_Perkins&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Hill Perkins (strona nie istnieje)">D.H. Perkins</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Southern&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Southern (strona nie istnieje)">E. Southern</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricardo_Miledi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ricardo Miledi (strona nie istnieje)">R. Miledi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Charlton_Bradley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Charlton Bradley (strona nie istnieje)">D.C. Bradley</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Frank_Davidson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Frank Davidson (strona nie istnieje)">J.F. Davidson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_David_Wall" title="Patrick David Wall">P.D. Wall</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Howie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Archibald Howie (strona nie istnieje)">A. Howie</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a11"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">rok 2000</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">T. Berners-Lee</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Burnstock&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoffrey Burnstock (strona nie istnieje)">G. Burnstock</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keith_Usherwood_Ingold&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Keith Usherwood Ingold (strona nie istnieje)">K.U. Ingold</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png/100px-George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png/150px-George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/George-IV-of-Great-Britain-cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Laureaci_Medalu_Hughesa" title="Szablon:Laureaci Medalu Hughesa"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Laureaci_Medalu_Hughesa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Laureaci Medalu Hughesa (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Laureaci_Medalu_Hughesa&amp;action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Laureaci <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Medal" title="Hughes Medal">Medalu Hughesa</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Hittorf" title="Johann Wilhelm Hittorf">Johann Wilhelm Hittorf</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wilson_Swan" title="Joseph Wilson Swan">Joseph Wilson Swan</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Righi" title="Augusto Righi">Augusto Righi</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Hertha_Marks_Ayrton" title="Hertha Marks Ayrton">Hertha Marks Ayrton</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Howard_Griffiths" title="Ernest Howard Griffiths">Ernest Griffiths</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Goldstein" title="Eugen Goldstein">Eugen Goldstein</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Glazebrook&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Glazebrook (strona nie istnieje)">Richard Glazebrook</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/John_Ambrose_Fleming" title="John Ambrose Fleming">John Ambrose Fleming</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Thomson Rees Wilson</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Duddell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Duddell (strona nie istnieje)">William Duddell</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Sealy_Townsend&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Sealy Townsend (strona nie istnieje)">John S. Townsend</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Langevin" title="Paul Langevin">Paul Langevin</a></li> <li>1916: <a href="/wiki/Elihu_Thomson" title="Elihu Thomson">Elihu Thomson</a></li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Charles Glover Barkla</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Chree&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Chree (strona nie istnieje)">Charles Chree</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">Owen Willans Richardson</a></li> <li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels H.D. Bohr</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis William Aston</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Millikan" title="Robert Millikan">Robert Millikan</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Edward_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Edward Smith (strona nie istnieje)">Frank Edward Smith</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Jackson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Jackson (strona nie istnieje)">Henry Jackson</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_David_Coolidge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William David Coolidge (strona nie istnieje)">William Coolidge</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_de_Broglie" title="Maurice de Broglie">Maurice de Broglie</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Geiger" title="Hans Geiger">Hans Geiger</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman">Venkata Raman</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">William Lawrence Bragg</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Edward Victor Appleton</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Joseph_Davisson" title="Clinton Joseph Davisson">Clinton Joseph Davisson</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Schottky" title="Walter Schottky">Walter Schottky</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Ernest Orlando Lawrence</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Cockcroft" title="John Douglas Cockcroft">John Douglas Cockcroft</a> i&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Ernest Walton</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/George_Thomson" title="George Thomson">George Thomson</a></li> <li>1940: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Compton</a></li> <li>1941: <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Nevill Francis Mott</a></li> <li>1942: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/Mark_Oliphant" title="Mark Oliphant">Marcus Laurence Elwin Oliphant</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Ingle_Finch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George Ingle Finch (strona nie istnieje)">George Ingle Finch</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basil_F.J._Schonland&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Basil F.J. Schonland (strona nie istnieje)">Basil F.J. Schonland</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Turton_Randall&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Turton Randall (strona nie istnieje)">John Turton Randall</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Jean Frederick Joliot</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Watson-Watt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Watson-Watt (strona nie istnieje)">Robert Watson-Watt</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" title="Cecil Frank Powell">Cecil Frank Powell</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Anthony_Kramers" title="Hendrik Anthony Kramers">Hendrik Anthony Kramers</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Dee&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Dee (strona nie istnieje)">Philip Ivor Dee</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bullard" title="Edward Bullard">Edward Bullard</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Harrie_Massey" title="Harrie Massey">Harrie S.W. Massey</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Lindemann" title="Frederick Lindemann">Frederick Lindemann</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Proudman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Proudman (strona nie istnieje)">Joseph Proudman</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Andrade&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Andrade (strona nie istnieje)">Edward Andrade</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Brian_Pippard&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Brian Pippard (strona nie istnieje)">Alfred Brian Pippard</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Lade_Pawsey&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Lade Pawsey (strona nie istnieje)">Joseph Lade Pawsey</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Howard_Cottrell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Howard Cottrell (strona nie istnieje)">Alan Howard Cottrell</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brebis_Bleaney&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Brebis Bleaney (strona nie istnieje)">Brebis Bleaney</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_Calland_Williams&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederic Calland Williams (strona nie istnieje)">Frederic Calland Williams</a></li> <li>1964: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abdus Salam</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Denys_Wilkinson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Denys Wilkinson (strona nie istnieje)">Denys Wilkinson</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Kemmer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Kemmer (strona nie istnieje)">Nicholas Kemmer</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Mendelssohn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Mendelssohn (strona nie istnieje)">Kurt Mendelssohn</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" title="Freeman Dyson">Freeman Dyson</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Kurti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Kurti (strona nie istnieje)">Nicholas Kurti</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/David_Robert_Bates" title="David Robert Bates">David Bates</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hanbury_Brown&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hanbury Brown (strona nie istnieje)">Robert Hanbury Brown</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson">Brian David Josephson</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Hirsch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Hirsch (strona nie istnieje)">Peter Hirsch</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_H._Fowler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter H. Fowler (strona nie istnieje)">Peter H. Fowler</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dalitz" title="Richard Dalitz">Richard Dalitz</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Antony Hewish</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/William_Cochran" title="William Cochran">William Cochran</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_J.P._Williams&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert J.P. Williams (strona nie istnieje)">Robert J.P. Williams</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_James_Farley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis James Farley (strona nie istnieje)">Francis James Farley</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Peter Ware Higgs</a> i&#160;<a href="/wiki/Tom_Kibble" title="Tom Kibble">Tom&#160;Kibble</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Drummond_Matthews" title="Drummond Matthews">Drummond Matthews</a> i&#160;<a href="/wiki/Frederick_Vine" title="Frederick Vine">Frederick&#160;Vine</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Clive_Ward&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Clive Ward (strona nie istnieje)">John Clive Ward</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Roy_P._Kerr" title="Roy P. Kerr">Roy P. Kerr</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tony_Skyrme&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tony Skyrme (strona nie istnieje)">Tony Skyrme</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Woolfson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Woolfson (strona nie istnieje)">Michael Woolfson</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Pepper&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Pepper (strona nie istnieje)">Michael Pepper</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Archibald_Howie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Archibald Howie (strona nie istnieje)">Archibald Howie</a> i&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_J._Whelan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael J. Whelan (strona nie istnieje)">Michael&#160;J.&#160;Whelan</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_Bell" title="John Stewart Bell">John Stewart Bell</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_George_Cowling" title="Thomas George Cowling">Thomas George Cowling</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Burton_Moon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Burton Moon (strona nie istnieje)">Philip Burton Moon</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_J._Seaton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael J. Seaton (strona nie istnieje)">Michael J. Seaton</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/George_Isaak" title="George Isaak">George Isaak</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_G._Chambers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert G. Chambers (strona nie istnieje)">Robert G. Chambers</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Shoenberg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Shoenberg (strona nie istnieje)">David Shoenberg</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amyand_David_Buckingham&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Amyand David Buckingham (strona nie istnieje)">Amyand David Buckingham</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_R._Lang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew R. Lang (strona nie istnieje)">Andrew R. Lang</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Hide&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Hide (strona nie istnieje)">Raymond Hide</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Boksenberg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Boksenberg (strona nie istnieje)">Alexander Boksenberg</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Chintamani_Nagesa_Ramachandra_Rao" title="Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao">Chintamani N.R. Rao</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Pethica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Pethica (strona nie istnieje)">John Pethica</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Dalgarno&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Dalgarno (strona nie istnieje)">Alexander Dalgarno</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Edwards&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Edwards (strona nie istnieje)">Peter Edwards</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Clarke&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Clarke (strona nie istnieje)">John Clarke</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keith_Moffatt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Keith Moffatt (strona nie istnieje)">Keith Moffatt</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_J._Kelly&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael J. Kelly (strona nie istnieje)">Michael J. Kelly</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Artur_Ekert" title="Artur Ekert">Artur Ekert</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_Dougherty&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele Dougherty (strona nie istnieje)">Michele Dougherty</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Andriej_Gejm" title="Andriej Gejm">Andriej Gejm</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_Rosseinsky&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew Rosseinsky (strona nie istnieje)">Matthew Rosseinsky</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henning_Sirringhaus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Henning Sirringhaus (strona nie istnieje)">Henning Sirringhaus</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Efstathiou&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George Efstathiou (strona nie istnieje)">George Efstathiou</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Bruce&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Bruce (strona nie istnieje)">Peter Bruce</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Durrant&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James Durrant (strona nie istnieje)">James Durrant</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Cooper_(naukowiec)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Cooper (naukowiec) (strona nie istnieje)">Andrew Cooper</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clare_Grey&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Clare Grey (strona nie istnieje)">Clare Grey</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Irvine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Irvine (strona nie istnieje)">John Irvine</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saiful_Islam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Saiful Islam (strona nie istnieje)">Saiful Islam</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:HughesMedal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/HughesMedal.jpg/100px-HughesMedal.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/HughesMedal.jpg/150px-HughesMedal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/HughesMedal.jpg/200px-HughesMedal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1234" data-file-height="1221" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-p"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a>&#160;(<span class="description">osoba</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108825961">0000000108825961</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/27596310">27596310</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/n50082126">n50082126</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/132772817">132772817</a></span></li><li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_NDL_Authorities" class="extiw" title="de:Web NDL Authorities">NDL</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00474321">00474321</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14065867n">14065867n</a></span>,&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12151714h">12151714h</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_Universitaire_de_Documentation" title="Système Universitaire de Documentation">SUDOC</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/030013577">030013577</a></span></li><li><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servizio_bibliotecario_nazionale" class="extiw" title="it:Servizio bibliotecario nazionale">SBN</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.sbn.it/af/CFIV046655">CFIV046655</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Australii" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Australii">NLA</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an52239024">52239024</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/kup19980000086131">kup19980000086131</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Holenderska_Biblioteka_Narodowa" title="Holenderska Biblioteka Narodowa">NTA</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/doc/thes/p07027424X">07027424X</a></span></li><li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiNii" class="extiw" title="jp:CiNii">CiNii</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01417823">DA01417823</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_(Warszawa)" title="Biblioteka Narodowa (Warszawa)">PLWABN</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810623496005606">9810623496005606</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/NUKAT" title="NUKAT">NUKAT</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nukat.edu.pl/aut/n%20%2096030195">n96030195</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">OBIN</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/64072">64072</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007323392805171">987007323392805171</a></span>,&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007284265905171">987007284265905171</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Portugalii" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Portugalii">PTBNP</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urn.bn.pt/nca/unimarc-authorities/txt?id=33290">33290</a></span></li><li><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A0leg_d%27autoritats_de_noms_i_t%C3%ADtols_de_Catalunya" class="extiw" title="ca:Catàleg d&#39;autoritats de noms i títols de Catalunya">CANTIC</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a11435793">a11435793</a></span></li><li><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONOR" class="extiw" title="sl:CONOR">CONOR</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.cobiss.si/opac7/conor/55276387">55276387</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;3971365.html">3971365</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abdus-Salam">biography/Abdus-Salam</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/abdus-salam">abdus-salam</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3219" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3219">Universalis</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/abdus-salam/">abdus-salam</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Rosyjska" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Rosyjska">БРЭ</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/3528724">3528724</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalencyklopedin" title="Nationalencyklopedin">NE.se</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/abdus-salam">abdus-salam</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&amp;url_prefix=https://snl.no/&amp;id=Abdus_Salam">Abdus_Salam</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visuotin%C4%97_lietuvi%C5%B3_enciklopedija" title="Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija">VLE</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/abdus-salam/">abdus-salam</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1296" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1296">Catalana</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0000174.xml">0000174</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&amp;url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&amp;id=Abdus_Salam">Abdus_Salam</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=54144">54144</a></span></li></ul> </div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div>Identyfikatory zewnętrzne:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polska_Akademia_Nauk" title="Polska Akademia Nauk">PAN</a>:&#8201;<span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pan.pl/czlonkowie/SALAM%2C+Abdus">SALAM, Abdus</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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