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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_on_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_on_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Influence on views</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_on_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Providers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Providers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Providers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Providers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Providers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Providers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Recognition_of_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recognition_of_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Recognition of studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recognition_of_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>European Union</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-European_Union-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle European Union subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Africa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Africa subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Nigeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Asia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Asia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hong_Kong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hong_Kong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>Hong Kong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hong_Kong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_education_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Higher education by country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tertiary education</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%8A" title="تعليم ثالثي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعليم ثالثي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terci%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_vzd%C4%9Bl%C3%A1v%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Terciární vzdělávání – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Terciární vzdělávání" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terti%C3%A4rer_Bildungsbereich" title="Tertiärer Bildungsbereich – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tertiärer Bildungsbereich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triaranga_edukado" title="Triaranga edukado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Triaranga edukado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C" title="آموزش دانشگاهی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آموزش دانشگاهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/3%EC%B0%A8_%EA%B5%90%EC%9C%A1" title="3차 교육 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="3차 교육" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendidikan_tinggi" title="Pendidikan tinggi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pendidikan tinggi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imfundo_ephakeme" title="Imfundo ephakeme – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Imfundo ephakeme" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E6%9C%9F%E3%81%AE%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="第3期の教育 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第3期の教育" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsimi_terciar" title="Arsimi terciar – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arsimi terciar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Високо образовање – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Високо образовање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eftergymnasial_utbildning" title="Eftergymnasial utbildning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Eftergymnasial utbildning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF" title="மூன்றாம் நிலைக்கல்வி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூன்றாம் நிலைக்கல்வி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2" title="อุดมศึกษา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อุดมศึกษา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%BCksek%C3%B6%C4%9Fretim" title="Yükseköğretim – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yükseköğretim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%A1o_d%E1%BB%A5c_b%E1%BA%ADc_cao" title="Giáo dục bậc cao – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giáo dục bậc cao" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E6%9C%9F%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="第三期教育 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第三期教育" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9166713#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Tertiary_education" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > 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searchaux" style="display:none">Advanced level of education, usually for adults</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvard_Yard_in_autumn,_Boston,_Massachusetts,_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Harvard_Yard_in_autumn%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts%2C_2015.jpg/220px-Harvard_Yard_in_autumn%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts%2C_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Harvard_Yard_in_autumn%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts%2C_2015.jpg/330px-Harvard_Yard_in_autumn%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts%2C_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Harvard_Yard_in_autumn%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts%2C_2015.jpg/440px-Harvard_Yard_in_autumn%2C_Boston%2C_Massachusetts%2C_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2581" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>, founded in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>, in 1636, is the oldest higher education institution in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and routinely ranked as one of the best universities in the world.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mathematics_lecture_at_the_Helsinki_University_of_Technology.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Mathematics_lecture_at_the_Helsinki_University_of_Technology.jpg/220px-Mathematics_lecture_at_the_Helsinki_University_of_Technology.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Mathematics_lecture_at_the_Helsinki_University_of_Technology.jpg/330px-Mathematics_lecture_at_the_Helsinki_University_of_Technology.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Mathematics_lecture_at_the_Helsinki_University_of_Technology.jpg/440px-Mathematics_lecture_at_the_Helsinki_University_of_Technology.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Students attend a <a href="/wiki/Linear_algebra" title="Linear algebra">linear algebra</a> lecture at a tertiary institution: <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_University_of_Technology" title="Helsinki University of Technology">Helsinki University of Technology</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tertiary education</b>, also referred to as <b>third-level</b>, <b>third-stage</b> or <b>post-secondary education</b>, is the <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">educational</a> level following the completion of <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a>. The <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, for example, defines tertiary education as including <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">universities</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Trade_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade school">trade schools</a> and <a href="/wiki/College" title="College">colleges</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Higher education</b> is taken to include <a href="/wiki/Undergraduate" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergraduate">undergraduate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">postgraduate education</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Vocational_education" title="Vocational education">vocational education</a> beyond secondary education is known as <i><a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">further education</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, or included under the category of <i><a href="/wiki/Continuing_education" title="Continuing education">continuing education</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. </p><p>Tertiary education generally culminates in the receipt of <a href="/wiki/Academic_certificate" title="Academic certificate">certificates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diploma" title="Diploma">diplomas</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">academic degrees</a>. Higher education represents levels 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the <a href="/wiki/ISCED#2011_version" class="mw-redirect" title="ISCED">2011 version</a> of the <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Classification_of_Education" title="International Standard Classification of Education">International Standard Classification of Education</a> structure. Tertiary education at a nondegree level is sometimes referred to as <a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">further education</a> or <a href="/wiki/Continuing_education" title="Continuing education">continuing education</a> as distinct from higher education. </p><p><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> stated that tertiary education focuses on learning endeavors in specialized fields. It includes academic and higher vocational education.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>'s 2019 <a href="/wiki/World_Development_Report" title="World Development Report">World Development Report</a> on the future of work<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> argues that given the future of work and the increasing role of technology in value chains, tertiary education becomes even more relevant for workers to compete in the labor market. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20160512_GCC_Graduation_(26887523562).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/20160512_GCC_Graduation_%2826887523562%29.jpg/220px-20160512_GCC_Graduation_%2826887523562%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/20160512_GCC_Graduation_%2826887523562%29.jpg/330px-20160512_GCC_Graduation_%2826887523562%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/20160512_GCC_Graduation_%2826887523562%29.jpg/440px-20160512_GCC_Graduation_%2826887523562%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5929" data-file-height="3924" /></a><figcaption>A post-secondary graduate receives a diploma during a graduation ceremony at <a href="/wiki/Germanna_Community_College" title="Germanna Community College">Germanna Community College</a> in Virginia.</figcaption></figure> <p>Higher education, also called post-secondary education, third-level or tertiary education, is an optional final stage of <a href="/wiki/Formal_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Formal learning">formal learning</a> that occurs after completion of <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a>. This consists of <a href="/wiki/Universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities">universities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colleges" class="mw-redirect" title="Colleges">colleges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Polytechnic (disambiguation)">polytechnics</a> that offer formal degrees beyond high school or secondary school education. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Classification_of_Education" title="International Standard Classification of Education">International Standard Classification of Education</a> in 1997 initially classified all tertiary education together in the <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Classification_of_Education#1997_version" title="International Standard Classification of Education">1997 version</a> of its schema. They were referred to as level 5 and doctoral studies at level 6. In 2011, this was refined and expanded in the <a href="/wiki/ISCED#2011_version" class="mw-redirect" title="ISCED">2011 version</a> of the structure. Higher education at undergraduate level, masters and doctoral level became levels 6, 7, and 8. Nondegree level tertiary education, sometimes referred to as <a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">further education</a> or <a href="/wiki/Continuing_education" title="Continuing education">continuing education</a> was reordered as level 4, with level 5 for some higher courses.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the days when few pupils progressed beyond <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">primary education</a> or <a href="/wiki/Basic_education" title="Basic education">basic education</a>, the term "higher education" was often used to refer to secondary education, which can create some confusion.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the origin of the term <i><a href="/wiki/High_school_(North_America)" title="High school (North America)">high school</a></i> for various schools for children between the ages of 14 and 18 (United States) or 11 and 18 (United Kingdom and Australia).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Global_progress">Global progress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Global progress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Percentage_of_25-29-year-olds_who_have_completed_at_least_four_years_of_tertiary_education,_by_wealth,_selected_countries,_2008-2014.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Percentage_of_25-29-year-olds_who_have_completed_at_least_four_years_of_tertiary_education%2C_by_wealth%2C_selected_countries%2C_2008-2014.svg/220px-Percentage_of_25-29-year-olds_who_have_completed_at_least_four_years_of_tertiary_education%2C_by_wealth%2C_selected_countries%2C_2008-2014.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Percentage_of_25-29-year-olds_who_have_completed_at_least_four_years_of_tertiary_education%2C_by_wealth%2C_selected_countries%2C_2008-2014.svg/330px-Percentage_of_25-29-year-olds_who_have_completed_at_least_four_years_of_tertiary_education%2C_by_wealth%2C_selected_countries%2C_2008-2014.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Percentage_of_25-29-year-olds_who_have_completed_at_least_four_years_of_tertiary_education%2C_by_wealth%2C_selected_countries%2C_2008-2014.svg/440px-Percentage_of_25-29-year-olds_who_have_completed_at_least_four_years_of_tertiary_education%2C_by_wealth%2C_selected_countries%2C_2008-2014.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Percentage of 25-29-year-olds who have completed at least four years of tertiary education, by wealth, selected countries, 2008-2014</figcaption></figure> <p>Globally, the gross enrollment ratio in tertiary <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a> increased from 19% in 2000 to 38% in 2017, with the <a href="/wiki/Female_education" title="Female education">female</a> enrollment ratio exceeding the male ratio by 4 percentage points.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tertiary gross enrollment ratio ranges from 9% in <a href="/wiki/Low-income_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-income countries">low-income countries</a> to 77% in <a href="/wiki/High_income_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="High income countries">high-income countries</a>, where, after rapid growth in the 2000s, reached a plateau in the 2010s.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between now and 2030, the biggest increase in tertiary enrollment ratios is expected in middle-income countries, where it will reach 52%. <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_4" title="Sustainable Development Goal 4">Sustainable Development Goal 4</a> (SDG 4) commits countries to providing <a href="/wiki/Lifelong_learning" title="Lifelong learning">lifelong learning</a> opportunities for all, including tertiary education.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This commitment is monitored through the global indicator for target 4.3 in the sustainable development goal 4 (SDG 4), which measures the participation rate of <a href="/wiki/Youth" title="Youth">youth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adult" title="Adult">adults</a> in formal and non-formal education and training in the previous 12 months, whether for work or non-work purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_right_of_access_to_higher_education">The right of access to higher education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The right of access to higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The right of access to higher education is mentioned in a number of <a href="/wiki/International_human_rights_instruments" title="International human rights instruments">international human rights instruments</a>. The UN <a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Rights" title="International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights">International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a> of 1966 declares, in Article 13, that "higher education shall be made equally accessible to all, on the basis of capacity, by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, Article 2 of the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">First Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights</a>, adopted in 1950, obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_education" title="Right to education">right to education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Criticism">Criticism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1994, the UNESCO Salamanca Statement called on the international community to endorse the approach of inclusive education, including at the tertiary level. Since this time the world has witnessed the global massification of tertiary education, yet this explosion of facilities and enrollment has largely entrenched and exacerbated the exclusion of people with disabilities. This is particularly the case in low- and middle-income contexts, where university completion rates for students with disabilities are much lower compared to completion rates of students without disabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some tertiary schools have been criticized as having permitted or actively encouraged <a href="/wiki/Grade_inflation" title="Grade inflation">grade inflation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gunn_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunn-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-timeshighereducation_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeshighereducation-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, certain scholars contend that the supply of graduates in some fields of study is exceeding the demand for their skills, aggravating <a href="/wiki/Graduate_unemployment" title="Graduate unemployment">graduate unemployment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Underemployment#Underutilization_of_skills" title="Underemployment">underemployment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Credentialism_and_educational_inflation" class="mw-redirect" title="Credentialism and educational inflation">credentialism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_on_views">Influence on views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Influence on views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Graduates of tertiary education are likely to have different worldviews and moral values than non-graduates. Research indicates that graduates are more likely to have <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarian</a> principles with less adherence to social hierarchies. Graduates are also more likely to embrace cultural and ethnic diversity and express more positive views towards minority groups. For international relationships, graduates are more likely to favor openness, supporting policies like <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Open_border" title="Open border">open borders</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, and more liberal policies regarding <a href="/wiki/International_migration" title="International migration">international migration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Providers">Providers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Providers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbia_University,_NYC_(June_2014)_-_09.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG/220px-Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG/330px-Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG/440px-Columbia_University%2C_NYC_%28June_2014%29_-_09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater_(New_York_sculpture)" title="Alma Mater (New York sculpture)"><i>Alma Mater</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chester_French" title="Daniel Chester French">Daniel Chester French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">alma mater</a>, meaning "nourishing mother" in Latin, is one of the most enduring symbols of the university. The phrase was first used to describe the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, founded in 1088.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the U.S., higher education is provided by <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">universities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academy" title="Academy">academies</a>, <a href="/wiki/College" title="College">colleges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">seminaries</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_of_music" class="mw-redirect" title="School of music">conservatories</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">institutes of technology</a>, and certain college-level institutions, including <a href="/wiki/Vocational_school" title="Vocational school">vocational schools</a>, universities of applied sciences, trade schools, and other career-based colleges that award degrees. Tertiary education at a nondegree level is sometimes referred to as <a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">further education</a> or <a href="/wiki/Continuing_education" title="Continuing education">continuing education</a> as distinct from higher education.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Higher education includes teaching, research, exacting applied work, as exists in <a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">medical schools</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dental_school" title="Dental school">dental schools</a>, and social services activities of universities.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the realm of teaching, it includes both the <i><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">undergraduate</a></i> level, and beyond that, <i><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">graduate-level</a></i> (or <i>postgraduate</i> level). The latter level of education is often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">graduate school</a>, especially in North America. In addition to the skills that are specific to any particular degree, potential employers in any profession are looking for evidence of <a href="/wiki/Critical_thinking" title="Critical thinking">critical thinking</a> and analytical reasoning skills, <a href="/wiki/Teamwork" title="Teamwork">teamworking</a> skills, <a href="/wiki/Information_literacy" title="Information literacy">information literacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethical</a> judgment, <a href="/wiki/Decision-making" title="Decision-making">decision-making</a> skills, fluency in speaking and writing, <a href="/wiki/Problem_solving" title="Problem solving">problem solving</a> skills, and a wide knowledge of liberal arts and sciences.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recognition_of_studies">Recognition of studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Recognition of studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lisbon_Recognition_Convention" title="Lisbon Recognition Convention">Lisbon Recognition Convention</a> stipulates that degrees and periods of study must be recognised in all of the Signatory Parties of the convention.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="font-size: 88%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid blue; margin: 0.5em 1em; text-align: center; clear: right; float: right; margin-right: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0.75em; background-color: var(--background-color-base); color:var( --color-base ); text-align: center"><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O1.png?39788" height="16" title="O1 [pr]" alt="pr" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S34.png?d177d" height="38" title="S34 [anx]" alt="anx" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O1.png?39788" height="16" title="O1 [pr]" alt="pr" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: navajowhite; color:black; border-bottom: 1px solid peru; padding: 0.5em">House of Life <br /> "library" <br />in <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">hieroglyphs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archiginnasio-bologna02.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Archiginnasio-bologna02.png/220px-Archiginnasio-bologna02.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Archiginnasio-bologna02.png/330px-Archiginnasio-bologna02.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Archiginnasio-bologna02.png/440px-Archiginnasio-bologna02.png 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bologna_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Bologna University">Bologna University</a> in Italy, established in 1088 A.D., is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">world's oldest university in continuous operation</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ChiostroPietroMartireNapoli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ChiostroPietroMartireNapoli.jpg/220px-ChiostroPietroMartireNapoli.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ChiostroPietroMartireNapoli.jpg/330px-ChiostroPietroMartireNapoli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/ChiostroPietroMartireNapoli.jpg/440px-ChiostroPietroMartireNapoli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Established in 1224 by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Naples_Federico_II" title="University of Naples Federico II">University of Naples Federico II</a> in Italy is the world's oldest state-funded university in continuous operation.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Delle_Donne_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delle_Donne-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The oldest known institutions of higher education are credited to Dynastic Egypt, with Pr-Anx (houses of life) built as libraries and scriptoriums, containing works on law, architecture, mathematics, and medicine, and involved in the training of "swnw" and "swnwt" (male and female <a href="/wiki/Doctor_(title)" title="Doctor (title)">doctors</a>); extant <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Egyptian_papyri" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient Egyptian papyri">Egyptian papyri</a> from the 3rd millennia BC are in several collections.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Greek world, <a href="/wiki/Plato%27s_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Plato's Academy">Plato's Academy</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 387</span> - 86 BC), <a href="/wiki/Lyceum_(classical)" title="Lyceum (classical)">Aristotle's Lyceum</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 334</span> - 86 BC) and other philosophical-mathematical schools became models for other establishments, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> of Egypt, under the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemies" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemies">Ptolemies</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, the city of <a href="/wiki/Taxila" title="Taxila">Taxila</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (December 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup>, later the great Buddhist monastery of <a href="/wiki/Nalanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nalanda">Nalanda</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 427</span> - 1197 CE), attracted students and professors even from distant regions.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> established chairs to teach the <a href="/wiki/Four_Books_and_Five_Classics" title="Four Books and Five Classics">Five Confucean Classics</a>, in the Grand School, <a href="/wiki/Taixue" title="Taixue">Taixue</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 3</span> - 1905 <span title="Common Era">CE</span>), to train cadres for the imperial administration.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All these higher-learning institutions became models for other schools within their sphere of cultural influence.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 425 CE, the Byzantine emperor <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_II" title="Theodosius II">Theodosius II</a> innovated as he established the <a href="/wiki/Pandidakterion" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandidakterion">Pandidakterion</a>, with a faculty of 31 professors, to train public servants. In the 7th and 8th centuries, "cathedral schools" were created in Western Europe. Meanwhile, the first Medresahs were founded in the Moslem empire – initially mere primary schools in the premises of major mosques, which gradually evolved toward secondary, later higher education. However high the intellectual level of these schools could be, it would be anachronistic to call them "universities". Their organization and purposes were markedly different from the corporations of students and teachers, independent from both the Church and the State, which established themselves from the 12th century in Western Europe as <i>Universitas Studiorum</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_al-Qarawiyyin" title="University of al-Qarawiyyin">University of al-Qarawiyyin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez, Morocco</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">oldest existing continually operating</a> higher educational institution in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is occasionally referred to as the oldest university by scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Undoubtedly, there are older institutions of higher education, for example, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ez-Zitouna" title="University of Ez-Zitouna">University of Ez-Zitouna</a> in Montfleury, <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>, was first established in 737. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a>, Italy, founded in 1088, is the world's oldest university in continuous operation,<sup id="cite_ref-topuniversities_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topuniversities-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0a_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0a-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hunt_Janin_2008_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunt_Janin_2008-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ridder-Symoens_1992_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ridder-Symoens_1992-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the first university in the sense of a higher-learning and degree-awarding institute, as the word <i>universitas</i> was coined at its foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-Ridder-Symoens_1992_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ridder-Symoens_1992-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-topuniversities_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topuniversities-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0a_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0a-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hunt_Janin_2008_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunt_Janin_2008-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, developed and many developing countries have increased the participation of the age group who mostly studies higher education from the elite rate, of up to 15 per cent, to the mass rate of 16 to 50 per cent.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many developed countries, participation in higher education has continued to increase towards universal or, what Trow later called, open access, where over half of the relevant age group participate in higher education.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Higher education is important to national <a href="/wiki/Economy" title="Economy">economies</a>, both as an industry, in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy. College educated workers have commanded a measurable wage premium and are much less likely to become unemployed than less educated workers.<sup id="cite_ref-Simkovic_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Simkovic-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OECD_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In recent years, universities have been criticized for permitting or actively encouraging <a href="/wiki/Grade_inflation" title="Grade inflation">grade inflation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gunn_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunn-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Widening_participation" title="Widening participation">Widening participation</a> can increase the supply of graduates in individual fields of study over the demand for their skills, aggravating <a href="/wiki/Graduate_unemployment" title="Graduate unemployment">graduate unemployment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Underemployment" title="Underemployment">underemployment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Overqualification" title="Overqualification">overqualification</a> and <a href="/wiki/Educational_inflation" title="Educational inflation">educational inflation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some commentators have suggested that the <a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education#Higher_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education</a> is rapidly making certain aspects of the traditional higher education system obsolete.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The involvement and funding by foreign regimes in <a href="/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_higher_education_in_the_United_States" title="Qatari involvement in higher education in the United States">higher education in the US</a> and Europe raised concerns regarding the erosion of democratic norms and hate speech on campuses.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This is a web page which changes frequently. Cite one of their reports instead. (April 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The total expenditure on tertiary education (<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Classification_of_Education" title="International Standard Classification of Education">ISCED</a> levels 5 to 8) as a percentage of GDP for individual countries is shown in the following table. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Tertiary Education expenditure as % of GDP 2020<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td>1.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td>1.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td> <td>1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td>2.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> <td>2.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td> <td>1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></td> <td>1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></td> <td>1.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td>1.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td> <td>1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td>1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td>0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></td> <td>1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td> <td>1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>1.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></td> <td>1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td> <td>0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>1.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td> <td>1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td> <td>2.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></td> <td>1.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td> <td>1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td>1.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a></td> <td>2.5 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The percentage of adults who have attained individual tertiary education levels by country is shown in the following table. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Country </th> <th colspan="4">Ages 25–64: % attaining a tertiary degree course equivalent to at least:<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th data-sort-type="number">Any tertiary </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Bachelor's </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Master's </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Doctoral </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td>24.8</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td>51.5</td> <td>39.4</td> <td>10.9</td> <td>1.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td> <td>35.6</td> <td>20.4</td> <td>14.8</td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td> <td>45.8</td> <td>45.0</td> <td>20.1</td> <td>1.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td>21.0</td> <td>21.0</td> <td>1.0</td> <td>0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>29.8</td> <td>29.8</td> <td>20.4</td> <td>0.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td>62.7</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> <td>31.4</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>18.5</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td> <td>28.3</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></td> <td>25.3</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></td> <td>26.7</td> <td>26.5</td> <td>19.7</td> <td>0.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td>42.1</td> <td>37.0</td> <td>16.3</td> <td>1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td> <td>42.1</td> <td>36.5</td> <td>21.8</td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td>42.6</td> <td>35.1</td> <td>17.3</td> <td>1.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>41.6</td> <td>27.2</td> <td>15.2</td> <td>1.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>32.5</td> <td>31.9</td> <td>13.6</td> <td>1.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>35.1</td> <td>34.7</td> <td>9.3</td> <td>0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></td> <td>29.4</td> <td>28.5</td> <td>13.9</td> <td>0.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>12.9</td> <td>12.9</td> <td>3.4</td> <td>3.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td>13.1</td> <td>10.3</td> <td>0.8</td> <td>0.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/21px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Iceland.svg/42px-Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></td> <td>43.6</td> <td>39.4</td> <td>18.1</td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td>54.4</td> <td>44.3</td> <td>16.6</td> <td>1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td> <td>50.6</td> <td>39.6</td> <td>15.2</td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>20.3</td> <td>20.2</td> <td>14.6</td> <td>0.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>56.1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></td> <td>39.5</td> <td>35.1</td> <td>18.4</td> <td>0.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td>46.5</td> <td>46.5</td> <td>16.5</td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/23px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/35px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/46px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td> <td>51.5</td> <td>46.6</td> <td>31.4</td> <td>2.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td>20.6</td> <td>20.1</td> <td>1.9</td> <td>0.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>44.7</td> <td>42.4</td> <td>18.2</td> <td>1.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td> <td>39.8</td> <td>35.8</td> <td>6.3</td> <td>1.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td> <td>48.1</td> <td>36.5</td> <td>15.4</td> <td>1.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td> <td>33.9</td> <td>33.8</td> <td>26.2</td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td>31.5</td> <td>31.2</td> <td>21.7</td> <td>0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>19.7</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></td> <td>29.2</td> <td>29.1</td> <td>25.3</td> <td>0.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></td> <td>40.1</td> <td>31.7</td> <td>20.1</td> <td>3.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td> <td>52.8</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></td> <td>13.9</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>41.1</td> <td>28.5</td> <td>17.2</td> <td>0.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td> <td>48.5</td> <td>38.7</td> <td>18.7</td> <td>2.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td> <td>44.7</td> <td>44.7</td> <td>20.0</td> <td>3.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>25.0</td> <td>18.3</td> <td>2.3</td> <td>0.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>51.3</td> <td>42.3</td> <td>15.8</td> <td>1.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a></td> <td>50.0</td> <td>39.4</td> <td>14.4</td> <td>2.1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A 2014 report by the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a> states that by 2014, 84 percent of young people were completing upper secondary education over their lifetimes, in high-income countries. Tertiary-educated individuals were earning twice as much as median workers. In contrast to historical trends in education, young women were more likely to complete upper secondary education than young men. Additionally, access to education was expanding and growth in the number of people receiving university education was rising sharply. By 2014, close to 40 percent of people aged 25–34 (and around 25 percent of those aged 55–64), were being educated at university.<sup id="cite_ref-ReportOECD_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReportOECD-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/Devolution_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Devolution in the United Kingdom">devolution in the United Kingdom</a>, education is administered separately in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland. In England, the term "tertiary education" aligns with the global term "<a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>" (i.e. post-18 study).<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018 the Welsh Government adopted the term "tertiary education" to refer to post-16 education and training in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1970s, however, specialized <a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">further education colleges</a> in England and Wales have called themselves "<a href="/wiki/Tertiary_college" title="Tertiary college">tertiary colleges</a>" although being part of the <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a> process. These institutions cater for both school leavers and adults, thus combining the main functions of an FE college and a <a href="/wiki/Sixth_form_college" title="Sixth form college">sixth form college</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, district councils with such colleges have adopted a tertiary system or structure where a single local institution provides all the 16–19 and adult education, and where schools do not universally offer sixth forms (i.e. schools only serve ages 11–16). However the <a href="/wiki/Further_and_Higher_Education_Act_1992" title="Further and Higher Education Act 1992">Further and Higher Education Act 1992</a> has effectively prevented the creation of new tertiary colleges.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canada">Canada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Educationincanada-eng.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Educationincanada-eng.png/260px-Educationincanada-eng.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Educationincanada-eng.png/390px-Educationincanada-eng.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Educationincanada-eng.png/520px-Educationincanada-eng.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption> Canada by province and territory, showing the percentage of the population aged 25 to 64 who had a bachelor's degree or higher, and the percentage point change from 2016 to 2021<sup id="cite_ref-Statistics_Canada_2022_i032_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statistics_Canada_2022_i032-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Canada" title="Higher education in Canada">Higher education in Canada</a></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><div class="excerpt"> <p><a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">Higher education</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> includes provincial, territorial, Indigenous and military higher education systems. The ideal objective of Canadian higher education is to offer every Canadian the opportunity to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to realize their utmost potential. It aspires to cultivate a world-class workforce, enhance the employment rate of Canadians, and safeguard Canada's enduring prosperity. Higher education programs are intricately designed with the perspective of the learner in focus, striving to mitigate risks and assure definite outcomes.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> According to a 2022 report by the OECD, Canada is one of the most educated countries in the world;<sup id="cite_ref-Higher_education_in_Canada_Statistics_Canada_2022_n626_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Higher_education_in_Canada_Statistics_Canada_2022_n626-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Higher_education_in_Canada_GAC_2022_x071_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Higher_education_in_Canada_GAC_2022_x071-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the country ranks first worldwide in the percentage of adults having tertiary education, with over 56 percent of Canadian adults having attained at least an undergraduate college or university degree.<sup id="cite_ref-Higher_education_in_Canada_Education_c106_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Higher_education_in_Canada_Education_c106-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Australia">Australia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg/220px-Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg/330px-Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg/440px-Deakin_University_Burwood_Campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2236" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Deakin_University" title="Deakin University">Deakin University</a>, one of Australia's 43 universities</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education_in_Australia" title="Tertiary education in Australia">Tertiary education in Australia</a></div> <p>Within Australia "tertiary education" refers to continuing studies after a student completes secondary school. Tertiary education options include universities, <a href="/wiki/Technical_and_further_education" title="Technical and further education">technical and further education</a> (TAFE) or private universities.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Upper_Quad_Gate_in_the_fall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Upper_Quad_Gate_in_the_fall.jpg/290px-Upper_Quad_Gate_in_the_fall.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Upper_Quad_Gate_in_the_fall.jpg/435px-Upper_Quad_Gate_in_the_fall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Upper_Quad_Gate_in_the_fall.jpg/580px-Upper_Quad_Gate_in_the_fall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>, an American research university</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education in the United States">higher education system in the United States</a> is decentralized and regulated independently by each state<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education accreditation in the United States">accreditors</a> playing a key role in ensuring institutions meet minimum standards. It is large and diverse with institutions that are privately governed and institutions that are owned and operated by state and local governments. Some private institutions are affiliated with religious organizations whereas others are secular with enrollment ranging from a few dozen to tens of thousands of students. The United States Department of Education presents a broad-spectrum view of tertiary education and detailed information on the nation's educational structure, accreditation procedures, and connections to state as well as federal agencies and entities.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Classification_of_Institutions_of_Higher_Education" title="Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education">Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education</a> provides one framework for classifying U.S. colleges and universities in several different ways.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> US tertiary education also includes various non-profit organizations promoting professional development of individuals in the field of higher education and helping expand awareness of related issues like international student services and complete campus internationalization.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="European_Union">European Union</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: European Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although tertiary education in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> includes university, it can differ from country to country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After going to <a href="/wiki/Nursery_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursery school">nursery school</a> (French: école maternelle), <a href="/wiki/Elementary_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementary school">elementary school</a> (French: école primaire), <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education_in_France" title="Secondary education in France">middle school</a> (French: collège), and <a href="/wiki/Lycee" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycee">high school</a> (French: lycée), a student may go to university, but may also stop at that point. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Italy" title="Higher education in Italy">Higher education in Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Italy" title="List of universities in Italy">List of universities in Italy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roma12_flickr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Roma12_flickr.jpg/220px-Roma12_flickr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Roma12_flickr.jpg/330px-Roma12_flickr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Roma12_flickr.jpg/440px-Roma12_flickr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Sapienza University of Rome</a>. It was founded in 1303 and is as such one of the world's oldest universities,<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with 122,000 students, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_universities_by_enrollment" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest universities by enrollment">largest university in Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Italy" title="Education in Italy">Education in Italy</a> is compulsory from 6 to 16 years of age,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is divided into five stages: kindergarten (<i>scuola dell'infanzia</i>), primary school (<i>scuola primaria</i> or <i>scuola elementare</i>), <a href="/wiki/Scuola_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuola media">lower secondary school</a> (<i>scuola secondaria di primo grado</i> or <i>scuola media inferiore</i>), <a href="/wiki/Scuola_superiore" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuola superiore">upper secondary school</a> (<i>scuola secondaria di secondo grado</i> or <i>scuola media superiore</i>) and university (<i>università</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Education is free in Italy and free education is available to children of all nationalities who are residents in Italy. Italy has both a private and public education system.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:POLIMI_Piazza_Leonardo_da_Vinci_32_-_on_the_right_the_building_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/POLIMI_Piazza_Leonardo_da_Vinci_32_-_on_the_right_the_building_3.jpg/220px-POLIMI_Piazza_Leonardo_da_Vinci_32_-_on_the_right_the_building_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/POLIMI_Piazza_Leonardo_da_Vinci_32_-_on_the_right_the_building_3.jpg/330px-POLIMI_Piazza_Leonardo_da_Vinci_32_-_on_the_right_the_building_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/POLIMI_Piazza_Leonardo_da_Vinci_32_-_on_the_right_the_building_3.jpg/440px-POLIMI_Piazza_Leonardo_da_Vinci_32_-_on_the_right_the_building_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Milan" title="Polytechnic University of Milan">Polytechnic University of Milan</a> is the city's oldest university, founded in 1863. It is the best university in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SDA_Bocconi_campus_dusk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/SDA_Bocconi_campus_dusk.jpg/220px-SDA_Bocconi_campus_dusk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/SDA_Bocconi_campus_dusk.jpg/330px-SDA_Bocconi_campus_dusk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/SDA_Bocconi_campus_dusk.jpg/440px-SDA_Bocconi_campus_dusk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5464" data-file-height="3174" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bocconi_University" title="Bocconi University">Bocconi University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> is a leading institution for economics, management and related disciplines in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Italy has a large and international network of public or state-affiliated universities and schools offering degrees in higher education. State-run universities of Italy constitute the main percentage of tertiary education in Italy and are managed under the supervision of Italian's Ministry of Education. </p><p>Italian universities are among the oldest universities in the world; the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a> (founded in 1088) notably, is <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">the oldest one ever</a>; also, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Naples_Federico_II" title="University of Naples Federico II">University of Naples Federico II</a> are is the world's oldest state-funded university in continuous operation.<sup id="cite_ref-Storia_d'Italia_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Storia_d'Italia-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Delle_Donne_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delle_Donne-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most universities in Italy are state-supported. 33 Italian universities were ranked among the world's top 500 in 2019, the third-largest number in Europe after the United Kingdom and Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-jakubmarian_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jakubmarian-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also a number of <a href="/wiki/Superior_Graduate_Schools_in_Italy" title="Superior Graduate Schools in Italy">Superior Graduate Schools</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Grandes_%C3%A9coles" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandes écoles">Grandes écoles</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-ricercaitaliana.it_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ricercaitaliana.it-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>Scuola Superiore Universitaria</i>, which offer officially recognized titles, including the <i>Diploma di Perfezionamento</i> equivalent to a Doctorate, <a href="/wiki/Dottorato_di_ricerca" title="Dottorato di ricerca"><i>Dottorato di Ricerca</i></a> i.e. <a href="/wiki/Doctorate" title="Doctorate">Research Doctorate</a> or <i>Doctor Philosophiae</i> i.e. PhD.<sup id="cite_ref-istruzione.it_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-istruzione.it-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of them also organize master's degree courses. There are three Superior Graduate Schools with "university status", three institutes with the status of Doctoral Colleges, which function at <a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">graduate</a> and post-graduate level. Nine further schools are direct offshoots of the universities (i.e. do not have their own 'university status'). The first one is the <a href="/wiki/Scuola_Normale_Superiore_di_Pisa" title="Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa">Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa</a> (founded in 1810 by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> as a branch of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a>), taking the model of organization from the famous <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a>. These institutions are commonly referred to as "Schools of Excellence" (i.e. "Scuole di Eccellenza").<sup id="cite_ref-ricercaitaliana.it_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ricercaitaliana.it-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scuole_di_Eccellenza_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scuole_di_Eccellenza-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Italy hosts a broad variety of universities, colleges and academies. Founded in 1088, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">University of Bologna</a> is likely <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">the oldest in the world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, the University of Bologna is, according to <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education-QS_World_University_Rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="Times Higher Education-QS World University Rankings">The Times</a>, the only Italian college in the top 200 World Universities. Milan's <a href="/wiki/Bocconi_University" title="Bocconi University">Bocconi University</a> has been ranked among the top 20 best business schools in the world by <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> international rankings, especially thanks to its <a href="/wiki/M.B.A." class="mw-redirect" title="M.B.A.">M.B.A.</a> program, which in 2007 placed it no. 17 in the world in terms of graduate recruitment preference by major multinational companies.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bocconi was also ranked by <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> as the best worldwide in the specific category Value for Money.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2008, Bocconi overtook several traditionally top global business schools in the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a> <a href="/wiki/Executive_education" title="Executive education">Executive education</a> ranking, reaching no. 5 in Europe and no. 15 in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other top universities and polytechnics are the <a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_Cattolica_del_Sacro_Cuore" title="Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore">Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore</a> in Milan, the <a href="/wiki/LUISS" class="mw-redirect" title="LUISS">LUISS</a> in Rome, the <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Turin" title="Polytechnic University of Turin">Polytechnic University of Turin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Politecnico_di_Milano" class="mw-redirect" title="Politecnico di Milano">Politecnico di Milano</a> (which in 2011 was ranked as the 48th best technical university in the world by <a href="/wiki/QS_World_University_Rankings" title="QS World University Rankings">QS World University Rankings</a><sup id="cite_ref-qs1_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qs1-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), the <a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">University of Rome La Sapienza</a> (which in 2005 was Europe's 33rd best university,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ranks among Europe's 50 and the world's 150 best colleges<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2013, the Center for World University Rankings ranked the <a href="/wiki/Sapienza_University_of_Rome" title="Sapienza University of Rome">Sapienza University of Rome</a> 62nd in the world and the top in Italy in its <i>World University Rankings</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Milan" title="University of Milan">University of Milan</a> (whose research and teaching activities have developed over the years and have received important international recognition). This university is the only Italian member of the League of European Research Universities (LERU), a prestigious group of twenty research-intensive European Universities. It has also been awarded ranking positions such as 1st in Italy and 7th in Europe (The <a href="/wiki/CWTS_Leiden_Ranking" title="CWTS Leiden Ranking">Leiden Ranking</a> – Universiteit Leiden). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Africa">Africa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Nigeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FEDERAL_POLYTECHNIC_NEKEDE_OWERRI_front_gate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/FEDERAL_POLYTECHNIC_NEKEDE_OWERRI_front_gate.jpg/220px-FEDERAL_POLYTECHNIC_NEKEDE_OWERRI_front_gate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/FEDERAL_POLYTECHNIC_NEKEDE_OWERRI_front_gate.jpg/330px-FEDERAL_POLYTECHNIC_NEKEDE_OWERRI_front_gate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/FEDERAL_POLYTECHNIC_NEKEDE_OWERRI_front_gate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="384" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Federal_Polytechnic,_Nekede" title="Federal Polytechnic, Nekede">Federal Polytechnic</a>, Nekede in <a href="/wiki/Owerri" title="Owerri">Owerri</a>, Nigeria</figcaption></figure> <p>Tertiary education refers to post-secondary education received at universities (government or privately funded), monotechnics, polytechnics and colleges of education. After completing a secondary education, students may enroll in a tertiary institution or acquire a <a href="/wiki/Vocational_school" title="Vocational school">vocational education</a>. Students are required to sit for the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Admissions_and_Matriculation_Board" title="Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board">Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board</a> Entrance Examination (JAMB) as well as the <a href="/wiki/West_African_Senior_School_Certificate_Examination" title="West African Senior School Certificate Examination">Secondary School Certificate Examination</a> (SSCE) or General Certificate Examination (GCE) and meet varying cut-off marks to gain admission into a tertiary institution.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asia">Asia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Japan" title="Higher education in Japan">Higher education in Japan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yasuda_Hall,_Tokyo_Daigaku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Yasuda_Hall%2C_Tokyo_Daigaku.jpg/220px-Yasuda_Hall%2C_Tokyo_Daigaku.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Yasuda_Hall%2C_Tokyo_Daigaku.jpg/330px-Yasuda_Hall%2C_Tokyo_Daigaku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Yasuda_Hall%2C_Tokyo_Daigaku.jpg/440px-Yasuda_Hall%2C_Tokyo_Daigaku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Tokyo" title="University of Tokyo">University of Tokyo</a>, a research university in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to MEXT (Ministry of Education) and UNESCO, following types of education are classified as tertiary education: University education (undergraduate, postgraduate and professional degrees), two-year colleges (<i>Tanki Daigaku</i>), colleges of technology and specialised colleges.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hong_Kong">Hong Kong</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Hong Kong"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.JPG/220px-Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.JPG/330px-Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.JPG/440px-Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong_%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chinese_University_of_Hong_Kong" title="Chinese University of Hong Kong">Chinese University of Hong Kong</a>, one of Hong Kong's universities</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Hong_Kong" title="Higher education in Hong Kong">Higher education in Hong Kong</a></div> <p>In Hong Kong "tertiary education" or "higher education" refers to any education higher than secondary education. Tertiary education includes universities, post secondary colleges, statutory universities, and publicly funded institutions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities and colleges by country">List of universities and colleges by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_SPILL" title="Student SPILL">Student SPILL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_and_university_rankings" title="College and university rankings">College and university rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governance_in_higher_education" title="Governance in higher education">Governance in higher education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graduation" title="Graduation">Graduation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_accreditation" title="Higher education accreditation">Higher education accreditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_bubble" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education bubble">Higher education bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_policy" title="Higher education policy">Higher education policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Price_Index" title="Higher Education Price Index">Higher Education Price Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute" title="Institute">Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UnCollege" class="mw-redirect" title="UnCollege">UnCollege</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hochschule" title="Hochschule">Hochschule</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_European_Research_Universities" title="League of European Research Universities">League of European Research Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_and_Further_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical and Further Education">Technical and Further Education</a> (TAFE)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education_by_country">Higher education by country</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Higher education by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education_in_Australia" title="Tertiary education in Australia">Tertiary education in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Canada" title="Higher education in Canada">Higher education in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Ukraine" title="Higher education in Ukraine">Higher education in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universities_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Universities in the United Kingdom">Universities in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education in the United States">Higher education in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_Philippines" title="Higher education in the Philippines">Higher education in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Portugal" title="Higher education in Portugal">Higher education in Portugal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, <i>Higher Education: General and Technical</i>, a 1933 <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Teachers" title="National Union of Teachers">National Union of Teachers</a> pamphlet by <a href="/wiki/Lord_Eustace_Percy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Eustace Percy">Lord Eustace Percy</a>, which is actually about secondary education and uses the two terms interchangeably.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/tertiaryeducation#what_why">"Tertiary Education"</a>. <i>World Bank</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171210021931/http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/tertiaryeducation#what_why">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Bank&rft.atitle=Tertiary+Education&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbank.org%2Fen%2Ftopic%2Ftertiaryeducation%23what_why&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200208231934/http://uis.unesco.org/node/334812">"Tertiary education (ISCED levels 5 to 8)"</a>. <i>uis.unesco.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uis.unesco.org/node/334812">the original</a> on 8 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uis.unesco.org&rft.atitle=Tertiary+education+%28ISCED+levels+5+to+8%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuis.unesco.org%2Fnode%2F334812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/816281518818814423/pdf/2019-WDR-Report.pdf">"World Bank World Development Report 2019: The Changing Nature of Work"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190906212558/http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/816281518818814423/pdf/2019-WDR-Report.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Bank+World+Development+Report+2019%3A+The+Changing+Nature+of+Work.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocuments.worldbank.org%2Fcurated%2Fen%2F816281518818814423%2Fpdf%2F2019-WDR-Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Documents/isced-2011-en.pdf">Revision of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525154803/http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Documents/isced-2011-en.pdf">Archived</a> 2017-05-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Retrieved 5 April 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/high-school">"high school"</a>. <i>Cambridge Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227115551/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/high-school">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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UNESCO. 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100336-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100336-3"><bdi>978-92-3-100336-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200211003256/https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark%3A/48223/pf0000370738">Archived</a> from the original on 11 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Sterling, Virginia: Stylus Publishing. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57922-366-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57922-366-3"><bdi>978-1-57922-366-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/320189904">320189904</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+challenge+of+Bologna%3A+What+United+States+higher+education+has+to+learn+from+Europe%2C+and+why+it+matters+that+we+learn+it&rft.place=Sterling%2C+Virginia&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Stylus+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F320189904&rft.isbn=978-1-57922-366-3&rft.aulast=Gaston&rft.aufirst=Paul+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwyjnHZ1IIlgC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunt_Janin_2008-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hunt_Janin_2008_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunt_Janin_2008_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanin2008" class="citation book cs1">Janin, Hunt (2008). <i>The University in Medieval Life, 1179-1499</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DATA+MAPPING+%E2%80%93+ISCED&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisced.uis.unesco.org%2Fdata-mapping%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrick2006" class="citation book cs1">Brick, Jean (2006). "What is academic culture?". <i>Academic Culture: A Student's Guide to Studying at University</i>. Sydney, NSW: National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research. pp. 1–10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74138-135-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74138-135-1"><bdi>978-1-74138-135-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+is+academic+culture%3F&rft.btitle=Academic+Culture%3A+A+Student%27s+Guide+to+Studying+at+University&rft.place=Sydney%2C+NSW&rft.pages=1-10&rft.pub=National+Centre+for+English+Language+Teaching+and+Research&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-74138-135-1&rft.aulast=Brick&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/12px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/18px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg/24px-Definition_of_Free_Cultural_Works_logo_notext.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="219" data-file-height="218" /></a></span> This article incorporates text from a <a href="/wiki/Free_content" title="Free content">free content</a> work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Text taken from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000370738"><i>#CommitToEducation</i></a>, 35, UNESCO, UNESCO. UNESCO.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlkamelChouthaiwaleYassinAlAjmi2021" class="citation book cs1">Alkamel, Mohammed Adulkareem A.; Chouthaiwale, Santosh S.; Yassin, Amr Abdullatif; AlAjmi, Qasim; Albaadany, Hanan Yahia (March 2021). "Online Testing in Higher Education Institutions During the Outbreak of COVID-19: Challenges and Opportunities". In Arpaci, Ibrahim; Al-Emran, Mostafa; Al-Sharafi, Mohammed A.; Marques, Gonçalo (eds.). <i>Emerging Technologies During the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic</i>. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Vol. 348. <a href="/wiki/Cham,_Switzerland" title="Cham, Switzerland">Cham, Switzerland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a>. pp. 349–363. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-67716-9_22">10.1007/978-3-030-67716-9_22</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-67715-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-67715-2"><bdi>978-3-030-67715-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7980164">7980164</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:232322223">232322223</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Online+Testing+in+Higher+Education+Institutions+During+the+Outbreak+of+COVID-19%3A+Challenges+and+Opportunities&rft.btitle=Emerging+Technologies+During+the+Era+of+COVID-19+Pandemic&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.series=Studies+in+Systems%2C+Decision+and+Control&rft.pages=349-363&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2021-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7980164%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A232322223%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-67716-9_22&rft.isbn=978-3-030-67715-2&rft.aulast=Alkamel&rft.aufirst=Mohammed+Adulkareem+A.&rft.au=Chouthaiwale%2C+Santosh+S.&rft.au=Yassin%2C+Amr+Abdullatif&rft.au=AlAjmi%2C+Qasim&rft.au=Albaadany%2C+Hanan+Yahia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATertiary+education" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.coe.int/en/web/higher-education-and-research/publications">Council of Europe Higher Education Series</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=167&IF_Language=eng">Tertiary education statistics</a>, UNESCO</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/glossary/tertiaryeducation.htm">Quality Research International – (Glossary)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ashe.ws/">Association for the Study of Higher Education</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aera.net/">American Educational Research Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000522113207/http://www.worldbank.org/education/tertiary/">World Bank Tertiary Education</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Early_childhood_education" title="Early childhood education">Early childhood education</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">Primary education</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">Secondary education</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tertiary education</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Preschool" title="Preschool">Preschool</a><br />→</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">Kindergarten</a><br />→</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">Primary school</a><br />→</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:50%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Infant<br />→</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Junior<br />→</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">Secondary school</a><br />→</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:50%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">Middle school</a><br />→</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">High school<br />→</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:40%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">Higher education</a><br /> </td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Vocational_education" title="Vocational education">Vocational</a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">Further</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Continuing_education" title="Continuing education">Continuing</a>)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:50%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduate</a><br />→</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduate</a><br /> </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Education">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="School_types" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Schools" title="Template:Schools"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Schools" title="Template talk:Schools"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Schools" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Schools"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="School_types" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/School" title="School">School</a> types</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Educational_stage" title="Educational stage">educational stage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Early_childhood_education" title="Early childhood education">Early childhood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preschool" title="Preschool">Preschool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-kindergarten" title="Pre-kindergarten">Pre-kindergarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">Kindergarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">Primary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_school" class="mw-redirect" title="First school">First school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infant_school" title="Infant school">Infant school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_infant_schools_outside_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Spread of infant schools outside Britain and Ireland">Global influence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_school" title="Junior school">Junior school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">Primary school</a> / Elementary school</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">Secondary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_high_school" title="Adult high school">Adult high school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadet_college" title="Cadet college">Cadet college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College-preparatory_school" title="College-preparatory school">College-preparatory school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_institute" title="Collegiate institute">Collegiate institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">Comprehensive school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_high_school" title="Comprehensive high school">Comprehensive high school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_high_school" title="Continuation high school">Continuation high school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammar_school" title="Grammar school">Grammar school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum" title="Lyceum">Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maths_school" title="Maths school">Maths school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_seminary" title="Minor seminary">Minor seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">Secondary school</a> / High school</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_school" title="Selective school">Selective school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">Gymnasium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauptschule" title="Hauptschule">Hauptschule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_form_college" title="Sixth form college">Sixth form college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_school" title="Studio school">Studio school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_technical_college" title="University technical college">University technical college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_school" title="Upper school">Upper school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tertiary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional school">Professional school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical school">Technical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_school" title="Vocational school">Vocational school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">Higher</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy" title="Academy">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College" title="College">College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_college" title="Community college">Community college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Graduate school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">Institute of technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_college" title="Junior college">Junior college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts_college" title="Liberal arts college">Liberal arts college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_university" title="Research university">Research university</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_college" title="Residential college">Residential college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University" title="University">University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_university" title="Collegiate university">Collegiate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_division_college" title="Upper division college">Upper division college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_university" title="Vocational university">Vocational university</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Combined</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-through_school" title="All-through school">All-through school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">Middle school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-room_school" title="One-room school">One-room school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch_school" title="Ranch school">Ranch school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By funding / eligibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_(English_school)" title="Academy (English school)">Academy <small>(England)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">Charter school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_day_school" title="Community day school">Community day school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">Comprehensive school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For-profit_education" title="For-profit education">For-profit education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_education" title="Free education">Free education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_school_(England)" title="Free school (England)">Free school <small>(England)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute" title="Institute">Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">Private school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Private schools in the United Kingdom">UK private school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preparatory_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Preparatory school (United Kingdom)">preparatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_school_(United_Kingdom)" title="Public school (United Kingdom)">public</a></li></ul></li> <li>University <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_university" title="International university">international</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_school" title="Selective school">Selective school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_school" title="Separate school">Separate school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sink_school" title="Sink school">Sink school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialist_schools_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Specialist schools in the United Kingdom">Specialist school <small>(United Kingdom)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">State or public school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-integrated_school" title="State-integrated school">State-integrated school <small>(New Zealand)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style / purpose</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_school" title="Alternative school">Alternative school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_education" title="Democratic education">Democratic education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchistic_free_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchistic free school">Anarchistic free school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_school" title="Sudbury school">Sudbury school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_school" title="International school">International school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_school" title="Magnet school">Magnet school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_school" title="Music school">Music school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-sex_education" title="Single-sex education">Single-sex education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialist_school" title="Specialist school">Specialist school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_school" title="Vocal school">Vocal school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_education" title="Progressive education">Progressive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_school_movement" title="Free school movement">Free school movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_high_school" title="Folk high school">Folk high school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_school" title="Laboratory school">Laboratory school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montessori_education" title="Montessori education">Montessori school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldorf_education" title="Waldorf education">Waldorf school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religious_school" title="Religious school">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_college" title="Bible college">Bible college</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Catholic school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_school" title="Christian school">Christian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_seminary" title="Female seminary">Female seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurukula" title="Gurukula">Gurukula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parochial_school" title="Parochial school">Parochial school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrasa" title="Madrasa">Madrasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshiva" title="Yeshiva">Yeshiva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_school" title="Boarding school">Boarding school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_school" title="Day school">Day school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distance_education" title="Distance education">Distance education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_education" title="Prison education">Prison education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual school">Virtual school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By scope</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College-preparatory_school" title="College-preparatory school">College preparatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compensatory_education" title="Compensatory education">Compensatory education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">Compulsory education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuing_education" title="Continuing education">Continuing education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">Further education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gifted_education" title="Gifted education">Gifted education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive education">Inclusive education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remedial_education" title="Remedial education">Remedial education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_education" title="Special education">Special education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_higher-learning_institutions" title="Ancient higher-learning institutions">Ancient higher-learning institutions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platonic_Academy" title="Platonic Academy">Platonic Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_(classical)" title="Lyceum (classical)">Lyceum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastic_school" title="Monastic school">Monastic school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_school" title="Cathedral school">Cathedral school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Medieval university</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Schools imposed on<br /><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">indigenous peoples</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" title="Canadian Indian residential school system">in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_schools" title="Native schools">in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Bantu_Education" title="Department of Bantu Education">in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_boarding_schools" title="American Indian boarding schools">in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Informal or illegal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hedge_school" title="Hedge school">in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krifo_scholio" title="Krifo scholio">in Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakombenschule" title="Katakombenschule">in South Tyrol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%E2%80%9312" title="K–12">K–12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_institution" title="Educational institution">Educational institution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/16px-School.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/24px-School.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/32px-School.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Schools" title="Portal:Schools">Schools portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:School_types" title="Category:School types">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Schools_by_type" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Schools by type">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Grade_12" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade 12">Grade 12</a>/<a href="/wiki/Grade_13" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade 13">Grade 13</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Higher education </b><br />age varies (usually 18–22) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Graduate school</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Higher_education_by_region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Higher_education_by_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Higher education by region</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Higher_education_in_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Higher_education_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Africa">Higher education in Africa </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Angola" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Botswana" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Burkina_Faso" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Burundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Burundi (page does not exist)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Cameroon" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Cape_Verde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Cape Verde (page does not exist)">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Central_African_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Central African Republic (page does not exist)">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Chad" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Comoros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Comoros (page does not exist)">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (page does not exist)">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Republic of the Congo (page does not exist)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Djibouti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Djibouti (page does not exist)">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Equatorial_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Equatorial Guinea (page does not exist)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Eritrea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Eritrea (page does not exist)">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Eswatini" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Ethiopia" title="Higher education in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Gambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Gambia (page does not exist)">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Guinea (page does not exist)">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Guinea-Bissau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Guinea-Bissau (page does not exist)">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Ivory_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Lesotho" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Liberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Libya" title="Higher education in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Madagascar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Madagascar (page does not exist)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Malawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Malawi (page does not exist)">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Mauritania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Mauritania (page does not exist)">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Mauritius" title="Higher education in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Namibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Niger (page does not exist)">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Rwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in São Tomé and Príncipe (page does not exist)">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Seychelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Seychelles (page does not exist)">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Sierra_Leone" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_South_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in South Sudan (page does not exist)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Tanzania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Tanzania (page does not exist)">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Togo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Togo (page does not exist)">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Tunisia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Uganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Zambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Zimbabwe (page does not exist)">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (page does not exist)">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Somaliland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Somaliland (page does not exist)">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Canary_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Canary Islands (page does not exist)">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Ceuta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Ceuta (page does not exist)">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Melilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Melilla (page does not exist)">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Madeira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Madeira (page does not exist)">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Mayotte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Mayotte (page does not exist)">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Réunion (page does not exist)">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Saint_Helena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Saint Helena (page does not exist)">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Ascension_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Ascension Island (page does not exist)">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Tristan_da_Cunha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Tristan da Cunha (page does not exist)">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Higher_education_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Higher_education_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Higher education in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Afghanistan" title="Higher education in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Bhutan (page does not exist)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Cambodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Cambodia (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_China" title="Higher education in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_India" title="Higher education in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Iran" title="Higher education in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Japan" title="Higher education in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Laos (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Mongolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Myanmar" title="Higher education in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Nepal" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_Philippines" title="Higher education in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Higher education in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Singapore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Singapore (page does not exist)">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Higher education in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Hong_Kong" title="Higher education in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Higher_education_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Higher_education_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Europe">Higher education in Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Denmark" title="Higher education in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Italy" title="Higher education in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Montenegro (page does not exist)">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Norway" title="Higher education in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Poland" title="Higher education in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Portugal" title="Higher education in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Spain" title="Higher education in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Ukraine" title="Higher education in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Higher_education_in_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Higher_education_in_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in North America">Higher education in North America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Barbados" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Belize (page does not exist)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Canada" title="Higher education in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Costa_Rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Cuba (page does not exist)">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Grenada (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Guatemala (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Honduras (page does not exist)">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Panama (page does not exist)">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Saint Lucia (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Trinidad and Tobago (page does not exist)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Anguilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Anguilla (page does not exist)">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Aruba (page does not exist)">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Bermuda (page does not exist)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Cura%C3%A7ao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Curaçao (page does not exist)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Greenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Greenland (page does not exist)">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Guadeloupe (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Saint Barthélemy (page does not exist)">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Higher_education_in_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Higher_education_in_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Higher education in Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Fiji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Fiji (page does not exist)">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Kiribati (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Marshall_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Marshall Islands (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Nauru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Nauru (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Palau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Palau (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Papua_New_Guinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Papua New Guinea (page does not exist)">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Samoa (page does not exist)">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Solomon_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Tonga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Tonga (page does not exist)">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Tuvalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Tuvalu (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Vanuatu (page does not exist)">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Cook_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Cook Islands (page does not exist)">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Niue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Niue (page does not exist)">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in American Samoa (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in French Polynesia (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Guam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Guam (page does not exist)">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_New_Caledonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in New Caledonia (page does not exist)">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Higher_education_in_South_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:South_America_topic" title="Template:South America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:South_America_topic" title="Template talk:South America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:South_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:South America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Higher_education_in_South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Higher education in South America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Bolivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Guyana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Guyana (page does not exist)">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Paraguay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Paraguay (page does not exist)">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_Suriname&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in Suriname (page does not exist)">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Uruguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_in_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_the_Falkland_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in the Falkland Islands (page does not exist)">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_French_Guiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in French Guiana (page does not exist)">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Higher_education_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Higher education in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (page does not exist)"><span style="white-space:normal;">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9166713#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tertiärbereich"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4184808-1">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="terciární vzdělávání"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph936735&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&oldid=1256791000">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tertiary_education&oldid=1256791000</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tertiary_education" title="Category:Tertiary education">Tertiary education</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Educational_stages" 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