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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <link rel="icon" href="/img/favicon.ico"/> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta name="generator" content="Adobe GoLive" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"> <title>Trismegistos Home</title>  <link href="css/layout_new.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" /> <link href="css/biscuit_notification.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" /> <link href="css/layout_head_foot.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" />  <script src="js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js"></script> <script src="js/deliciousmunchies_warning.js"></script>  <script src="https://code.jquery.com/ui/1.12.1/jquery-ui.min.js" integrity="sha256-VazP97ZCwtekAsvgPBSUwPFKdrwD3unUfSGVYrahUqU=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>  <script type='application/ld+json'> { "@context": "http://www.schema.org", "@type": "EducationalOrganization", "name": "Trismegistos", "url": "https://www.trismegistos.org", "logo": "https://www.trismegistos.org/img/TM_homeNew.png", "description": "An interdisciplinary portal of papyrological and epigraphical resource" } </script> </head>  <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="//trismegistos.org/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '7']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  <body>   <div id="subscriptionCount"> <p>Currently <span class="bold">147</span> institutions have <a href="registration.php">subscribed</a>.</p> </div> <div id="top" class="container container-home"> <div id="middle-content" class="flex"> <div id="big-logo"> <img src="img/TM_homeNew.png"> </div>  <div id="welcome-text"> <style> .maintenanceMSG{ color: red; font-size: 150%; z-index: 99999; } </style> <p class="welcome">Welcome to</p> <h0>Trismegistos</h0> <p class="homepage">An interdisciplinary portal of the ancient world</p> <div id="onefield"> <div id="central-search-field"> <form method="POST" action="index.php?searchterm="> <input type="text" name="searchterm" placeholder='Combine dates, places, names, ...' autofocus> <button>Go</button> </form> <i class="fa fa-question info-tooltip" aria-hidden="true"><span class="tooltiptext">Combine date expressions (e.g. '2nd century BC' or '50-66 CE'), places (e.g. 'Elephantine' or 'France'), personal names (e.g. 'Horos' or 'Θέωνος'), collections (e.g. 'BL' or 'Louvre'), TM stable identifiers (e.g. 'TM Nam 34'), inventory numbers, publication numbers, writing surface, language, authors and works, LDAB information (religion, bookform, ...) and much more. </span></i> </div>  <p class="smallScreen">you can now also use EDCS numbers, e.g. 'EDCS-27900304'; other project IDs to follow</p> <p class="smallScreen"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tpCKvlKB94"><i class="fa fa-hand-o-right" aria-hidden="true" style="padding-right: 4px"></i> central search video tutorial</a></p> <p><a href="about_how_to_cite.php#si-citing"><i class="fa fa-hand-o-right" aria-hidden="true" style="padding-right: 4px"></i>How to cite Trismegistos</a></p> </div>  <div id="homepage-login"> <form id="registrationForm-homepage" action=/registrations_individual.php?cmd=login><input name=cmd value='login' type=hidden><input name=id value='' type=hidden><input name=redirect value='//' type=hidden><input id='halike-login-email' name=email value='' placeholder='email'><input id='halike-login-password' name=password type=password value='' placeholder='password'><input type=submit></form>Not registered? Subscribe <a href="registration.php">here</a>. </div>  </div>  </div>  <div id="alivebanner"> <a href="/keeptrismegistosalive"><img id="bannerimg" src="img/banner1.png"></a>  </div>  </div>  <button id="open-menu"><i class="fa fa-folder-open" aria-hidden="true" style="padding-right: 4px"></i> open the menu</button> <div id="funfacts"> <div id="on-this-day1" class="flex-items"> <h5> <i class="fa fa-calendar" aria-hidden="true" style="padding-right: 10px; color: #D79D6D"></i>On this day, <span id="on-this-day-date"></span>, ... </h5> <script> var d = new Date(); var months = ["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"]; document.getElementById("on-this-day-date").innerHTML = (months[d.getMonth()]) + " " + (d.getDate()); </script> <p> <td>... 2026 years ago (BC 3 Nov 25), a Greek text on papyrus now kept in Berlin was written in Herakleopolites: <a href="/text/23293">TM 23293</a> </p> <p> Click <a href="/index_onthisday">here</a> to discover more texts written on this day in antiquity! </p> </div>  <div id="TM-gallery" class="flex-items"> <h5><i class="fa fa-image" aria-hidden="true" style="padding-right: 10px; color: #D79D6D"></i>TM Gallery</h5> <p><a href="/index_gallery">TM Gallery</a> is our 'hall of fame' of antiquity, collecting noteworthy texts with a brief description of their history and whereabouts. Some are downright famous (like the Rosetta stone), but we hope you will discover a couple of unknown gems here as well. Each week, a new text will be given a chance to shine.</p> <p>This week's highlight is <span class='subtitle'></span>. <a href='/index_gallery'>Head over to the gallery</a> to check it out!</p> </div> </div>  <div class="second-container"> <div id="features" class="flex"> <div class="flex-item"> <a href="dataservices" class="absolutetitle"><h4>TM Data Services</h4></a> <p class="border-text">Trismegistos Data Services is a set of open services (API's and table dumps) developed in the Linked Open Data framework of <a href="http://be.dariah.eu">DARIAH-BE</a>. If you wish to work with our data, you can find more information here. <br><br><a href="dataservices">Read more</a></p> </div> <div class="flex-item"> <a href="top" class="absolutetitle"><h4>TM Online Publications</h4></a> <p class="border-text">Trismegistos Online Publications (TOP) provides freely downloadable pdf-documents with scholarly tools based upon or providing links to the Trismegistos database. TOP Special Series is intended for manuscripts that are more synthetic in nature than the 'standard' series, but still strongly data-oriented by the nature of their subjects.    <a href="top">Read more</a></p> </div> <div class="flex-item"> <a href="tmcorpusdata" class="absolutetitle"><h4>TM Corpus Data</h4></a> <p class="border-text">TM Corpusdata publishes data sets that were assembled for journal papers. Since it's not always easy to reconstruct them from the vast and ever-expanding halls that make up the TM database, we have designed this site to provide you with the data assembled to conduct the study.<br><br><a href="tmcorpusdata">Read more</a></p> </div> <div class="flex-item"> <a href="about_how_to_cite.php" class="absolutetitle"><h4>Stable Identifiers</h4></a> <p class="border-text">Each individual record in each of Trismegistos' databases is identified by a unique number, a so-called 'stable identifier'. As the term implies, this number generally does not change and can thus be used to form a stable url to refer to a specific entity.<br><br><a href="about_how_to_cite.php">Read more</a></p> </div> <div class="flex-item"> <a href="about_coverage.php" class="absolutetitle"><h4>Coverage</h4></a> <p class="border-text">Because of its organic growth and evolving focus since 2005 (see history), Trismegistos has a very different coverage for each section, according to region, period and genre. Check out the 'About' page of each individual section to learn more!</p> </div> <div class="flex-item"> <a href="partners.php" class="absolutetitle"><h4>Partners & funding</h4></a> <p class="border-text">Trismegistos has only been able to grow thanks to fruitful collaborations with other projects, as well as some funding in the past.<br><br><a href="partners.php">Read more</a><br><br>Are you interested in collaborating? Let us know! (See contact options below)</p> </div> </div>  </div>  <div id="about" class="last-container"> <div class="flex"> <div id="about1" class="flex-item"> <h3>About Trismegistos</h3> <p>Trismegistos was conceived in 2004 when Mark Depauw was granted a Sofja Kovalevskaja Award of the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung to set up his own research team at a German university, in this case Cologne. The project Multilingualism and Multiculturalism in Graeco-Roman Egypt wanted to investigate language shifts in relation to cultural identity, by setting up an online database of Graeco-Roman papyrological material in Egyptian scripts parallel to and in close cooperation with the existing tools of Greek papyrology (the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis griechischer Urkunden aus Ägypten [HGV] and its literary counterpart, the Leuven Database of Ancient Books [LDAB]</p> <p>In the meantime, Trismegistos has expanded in several directions. From late 2008 onwards, the people and places mentioned in these sources from Egypt have been collected in <a href="ref">TM People</a> and <a href="geo">TM Places</a>. In 2010, Trismegistos ventured outside Egypt for the first time to incorporate the Latin epigraphic sources and the toponyms they contain. Integration of many indigenous languages has also taken place since then. Since 2018, work has also started on Greek epigraphy. Finally, When available in online repositories, Trismegistos includes unpublished sources as well. <a href="about_history.php">Read more</a></p> </div>  <div id="about2" class="flex-item"> <div class="flex2-item"> <h5>Database structure</h5> <p>The online version of Trismegistos works with MySQL and PHP, but for data entry a set of relational Filemaker databases are used, currently in a mixed Filemaker 16 environment. The core of the database is Trismegistos Texts, where each individual record is identified by a unique, stable Trismegistos number (for criteria what constitutes a record, click <a href="about_identifiers.php">here</a>). This number is used to link to most of the other constituent databases of Trismegistos, and allows for easy implementation of one-to-many and many-to-one relationships. <a href="about_databasestructure.php">Read more</a></p> </div> <div class="flex2-item"> <h5>Who does all the work?</h5> <p>The ever-expanding TM platform does not materialize out of nowhere. Many people have put many days, hours, years of hard work into its various databases, often on a voluntary basis. <a href="staff">Read more</a></p> </div> <div class="flex2-item"> <h5>Help us!</h5> <p>Trismegistos is a work in progress. We would greatly appreciate your help, in any way. <a href="keeptrismegistosalive.php">Read more</a></p> </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  <div id="tm-menu"> <a href="tm" id="tex" class="menu-items"> <h2>Texts</h2> <img id="inscription" src="/img/tex_icon.png"> </a> <a href="ldab" id="ldab" class="menu-items"> <h2>LDAB</h2> <img id="scroll" src="/img/ldab_icon.png"> </a> <a href="lang" id="langscript" class="menu-items"> <h2>Languages / scripts</h2> <p id="writing" class="invisible">α 𒀀 𓀀 ᚫ 𐊃 𐩮 ᚕ 𐤊 𐋉 ϣ</p> </a> <a href="coll" id="coll" class="menu-items"> <h2>Collections</h2> <img id="louvre" src="/img/coll_icon.png"> </a> <a href="arch" id="arch" class="menu-items"> <h2>Archives</h2> <img id="vase" src="/img/arch_icon.png"> </a> <a href="ref" id="people" class="menu-items"> <h2>People</h2> <img id="people4" src="/img/people_icon.png"> </a> <a href="geo" id="places" class="menu-items"> <h2>Places</h2> <img id="globe" src="/img/geo_icon.png"> </a> <a href="authors" id="authors" class="menu-items"> <h2>Authors</h2> <img id="herodotos" src="/img/author_icon.png"> </a> <a href="god" id="gods" class="menu-items"> <h2>Gods</h2> <img id="people2" src="/img/people_icon.png"> </a> <a href="time" id="calendar" class="menu-items"> <h2>Time</h2> <img id="twosix" src="/img/cal_icon.png"> </a> <a href="words" id="words" class="menu-items"> <h2>Words</h2> <img id="scrabble" src="/img/words_icon.png"> </a> <a href="textirregularities" id="texirr" class="menu-items"> <h2>Text Irregularities</h2> <img id="asterix" src="/img/texirr_icon.png"> </a> <a href="formulae" id="abbform" class="menu-items"> <img id="leftbracket" src="/img/abb1_icon.png"> <h2>Formulae</h2> <img id="rightbracket" src="/img/abb2_icon.png"> </a> <a href="petitions" id="petitions" class="menu-items"> <h2>Petitions</h2> </a> <a href="seals" id="seals" class="menu-items"> <h2>Seals</h2> <img id="stamp" src="/img/seal_icon.png"> </a> <a href="edit" id="edit" class="menu-items"> <h2>Editors</h2> <img id="prof" src="/img/edit_icon.png"> </a> <a href="network" id="networks" class="menu-items"> <h2>Networks</h2> <img id="spaghetti" src="/img/network_icon.png"> <img id="spaghetti2" src="/img/network_icon.png"> <img id="spaghetti3" src="/img/network_icon.png"> </a> <a href="index_bib" id="biblio" class="menu-items"> <h2>Bibliography</h2> <img id="books" src="/img/biblio_icon.png"> <img id="books2" src="/img/biblio_icon.png"> <img id="books3" src="/img/biblio_icon.png"> <img id="books4" src="/img/biblio_icon.png"> </a> <a href="magic" id="magic" class="menu-items"> <h2>Magic</h2> <img id="wand" src="/img/magic_icon.png"> </a> <a href="academy" id="academy" class="menu-items"> <h2>Academy</h2> <img id="wand" src="/img/magic_icon.png"> </a> </div>  <button id="close-button" title="Click to close"><img src="img/closeArrow.png"></button> <script src="js/homepage.js"></script>    <footer> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="flex"> <section class="footer-col"> <a href="../about">About Trismegistos</a> </section> <section class="footer-col"> <a href="../about_how_to_cite.php">How to cite</a><br> </section> <section class="footer-col"> <a href="../terms-of-use.html">Terms & conditions</a> </section> <section class="footer-col"> Contact: <script language="JavaScript"> var username = "mark.depauw"; var hostname = "kuleuven.be"; var linktext = "<i class='fa fa-envelope' aria-hidden='true'></i>"; document.write("<a class='social' href='" + "mail" + "to:" + username + "@" + hostname + "'>" + linktext + "</a>"); </script> <a class="social" href="http://www.facebook.com/TrismegistosTM" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook-square fa-lg aria-hidden="true""></i></a> <a class="social" href="http://www.twitter.com/TrismegistosTM" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter-square fa-lg aria-hidden="true""></i></a> </section> <section class="footer-col"> Last update: <div id='updateplaceholder'></div> </section> <script> var xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); xmlhttp.open("GET", '/lastupdate.txt', false); xmlhttp.send(); if (xmlhttp.status==200) { result = xmlhttp.responseText; document.getElementById('updateplaceholder').innerHTML = result; } </script> <section class="footer-col"> <img id="kul-logo" src="/img/KUL_logo.png"/> </section> <section id="cc-license" class="footer-col"> <a rel="license" target="blank" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a> </section> </div> </div>  </footer>  <div id='cookie_warning_box'> <p class="cookie-text">This site uses cookies to provide you with the best user experience. 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