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dyes</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: organic dyes"> <meta name="keywords" content="organic dyes"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="organic dyes"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2634</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: organic dyes</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2424</span> Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Studies of the Adsorption of Crystal Violet Dye Using Groundnut Hulls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olumuyiwa%20Ayoola%20Kokapi">Olumuyiwa Ayoola Kokapi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olugbenga%20Solomon%20Bello"> Olugbenga Solomon Bello</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dyes are organic compounds with complex aromatic molecular structure that resulted in fast colour on a substance. Dye effluent found in wastewater generated from the dyeing industries is one of the greatest contributors to water pollution. Groundnut hull (GH) is an agricultural material that constitutes waste in the environment. Environmental contamination by hazardous organic chemicals is an urgent problem, which is partially solved through adsorption technologies. The choice of groundnut hull was promised on the understanding that some materials of agricultural origin have shown potentials to act as Adsorbate for hazardous organic chemicals. The aim of this research is to evaluate the potential of groundnut hull to adsorb Crystal violet dye through kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies. The prepared groundnut hulls was characterized using Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Operational parameters such as contact time, initial dye concentration, pH, and effect of temperature were studied. Equilibrium time for the adsorption process was attained in 80 minutes. Adsorption isotherms used to test the adsorption data were Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms model. Thermodynamic parameters such as ∆G°, ∆H°, and ∆S° of the adsorption processes were determined. The results showed that the uptake of dye by groundnut hulls occurred at a faster rate, corresponding to an increase in adsorption capacity at equilibrium time of 80 min from 0.78 to 4.45 mg/g and 0.77 to 4.45mg/g with an increase in the initial dye concentration from 10 to 50 mg/L for pH 3.0 and 8.0 respectively. High regression values obtained for pseudo-second-order kinetic model, sum of square error (SSE%) values along with strong agreement between experimental and calculated values of qe proved that pseudo second-order kinetic model fitted more than pseudo first-order kinetic model. The result of Langmuir and Freundlich model showed that the adsorption data fit the Langmuir model more than the Freundlich model. Thermodynamic study demonstrated the feasibility, spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process due to negative values of free energy change (∆G) at all temperatures and positive value of enthalpy change (∆H) respectively. The positive values of ∆S showed that there was increased disorderliness and randomness at the solid/solution interface of crystal violet dye and groundnut hulls. The present investigation showed that, groundnut hulls (GH) is a good low-cost alternative adsorbent for the removal of Crystal Violet (CV) dye from aqueous solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystal%20violet%20dye" title=" crystal violet dye"> crystal violet dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groundnut%20halls" title=" groundnut halls"> groundnut halls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetics" title=" kinetics"> kinetics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42487/kinetic-equilibrium-and-thermodynamic-studies-of-the-adsorption-of-crystal-violet-dye-using-groundnut-hulls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2423</span> Design and Synthesis of Gradient Nanocomposite Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pu%20Ying-Chih">Pu Ying-Chih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Yin-Ju"> Yang Yin-Ju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hang%20Jian-Yi"> Hang Jian-Yi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jang%20Guang-Way"> Jang Guang-Way </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organic-Inorganic hybrid materials consisting of graded distributions of inorganic nano particles in organic polymer matrices were successfully prepared by the sol-gel process. Optical and surface properties of the resulting nano composites can be manipulated by changing their compositions and nano particle distribution gradients. Applications of gradient nano composite materials include sealants for LED packaging and screen lenses for smartphones. Optical transparency, prism coupler, TEM, SEM, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDX), Izod impact strength, conductivity, pencil hardness, and thermogravimetric characterizations of the nano composites were performed and the results will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gradient" title="Gradient">Gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hybrid" title=" Hybrid"> Hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nanocomposite" title=" Nanocomposite"> Nanocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Organic-Inorganic" title=" Organic-Inorganic"> Organic-Inorganic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25011/design-and-synthesis-of-gradient-nanocomposite-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2422</span> Experimental and Theoretical Characterization of Supramolecular Complexes between 7-(Diethylamino)Quinoline-2(1H)-One and Cucurbit[7] Uril</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20A.%20Droguett">Kevin A. Droguett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20G.%20P%C3%A9rez"> Edwin G. Pérez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20Fuentealba"> Denis Fuentealba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margarita%20E.%20Aliaga"> Margarita E. Aliaga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ang%C3%A9lica%20M.%20Fierro"> Angélica M. Fierro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Supramolecular chemistry is a field of growing interest. Moreover, studying the formation of host-guest complexes between macrocycles and dyes is highly attractive due to their potential applications. Examples of the above are drug delivery, catalytic process, and sensing, among others. There are different dyes of interest in the literature; one example is the quinolinone derivatives. Those molecules have good optical properties and chemical and thermal stability, making them suitable for developing fluorescent probes. Secondly, several macrocycles can be seen in the literature. One example is the cucurbiturils. This water-soluble macromolecule family has a hydrophobic cavity and two identical carbonyl portals. Additionally, the thermodynamic analysis of those supramolecular systems could help understand the affinity between the host and guest, their interaction, and the main stabilization energy of the complex. In this work, two 7-(diethylamino) quinoline-2 (1H)-one derivative (QD1-2) and their interaction with cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) were studied from an experimental and in-silico point of view. For the experimental section, the complexes showed a 1:1 stoichiometry by HRMS-ESI and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The inclusion of the derivatives on the macrocycle lends to an upward shift in the fluorescence intensity, and the pKa value of QD1-2 exhibits almost no variation after the formation of the complex. The thermodynamics of the inclusion complexes was investigated using ITC; the results demonstrate a non-classical hydrophobic effect with a minimum contribution from the entropy term and a constant binding on the order of 106 for both ligands. Additionally, dynamic molecular studies were carried out during 300 ns in an explicit solvent at NTP conditions. Our finding shows that the complex remains stable during the simulation (RMSD ~1 Å), and hydrogen bonds contribute to the stabilization of the systems. Finally, thermodynamic parameters from MMPBSA calculations were obtained to generate new computational insights to compare with experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=host-guest%20complexes" title="host-guest complexes">host-guest complexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics" title=" molecular dynamics"> molecular dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quinolin-2%281H%29-one%20derivatives%20dyes" title=" quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives dyes"> quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamics" title=" thermodynamics"> thermodynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161151/experimental-and-theoretical-characterization-of-supramolecular-complexes-between-7-diethylaminoquinoline-21h-one-and-cucurbit7-uril" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161151.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2421</span> Energy Potential of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste - Colombian Housing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esteban%20Hincapie">Esteban Hincapie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing climate change, global warming and population growth have contributed to the energy crisis, aggravated by the generation of organic solid waste, as a material with high energy potential. From the context of waste generation in the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley, was evaluated the potential of energy content in organic solid waste generated in La Herradura housing complex, through anaerobic digestion process in batch reactors, with mixtures of substrate, water and inoculum 1: 3: 0.2 and 1: 3: 0, reaching a total biogas production of 0,2 m³/Kg y 0,14 m³/Kg respectively, in a period of 38 days under temperature conditions of 24°C. The volume of biogas obtained was equivalent to the monthly consumption of natural gas for 75 apartments or 1.856 Kw of electric power. For the Metropolitan Area of the Aburrá Valley, a production of 7.152Kw of electric power was estimated for a month, from the treatment of 22.319 tons of organic solid waste that would not be taken to the landfill. The results indicate that the treatment of organic waste from anaerobic digestion is a sustainable option to reduce pollution, contribute to the production of alternative energies and improve the efficiency of urban metabolism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20energies" title="alternative energies">alternative energies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title=" anaerobic digestion"> anaerobic digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20waste" title=" solid waste"> solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20construction" title=" sustainable construction"> sustainable construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20metabolism" title=" urban metabolism"> urban metabolism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86641/energy-potential-of-organic-fraction-of-municipal-solid-waste-colombian-housing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2420</span> Hybrid Treatment Method for Decolorization of Mixed Dyes: Rhodamine-B, Brilliant Green and Congo Red</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Naresh%20Yadav">D. Naresh Yadav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Anand%20Kishore"> K. Anand Kishore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhaskar%20Bethi"> Bhaskar Bethi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shirish%20H.%20Sonawane"> Shirish H. Sonawane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Bhagawan"> D. Bhagawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The untreated industrial wastewater discharged into the environment causes the contamination of soil, water and air. Advanced treatment methods for enhanced wastewater treatment are attracting substantial interest among the currently employed unit processes in wastewater treatment. The textile industry is one of the predominant in wastewater production at current industrialized situation. The refused dyes at textile industry need to be treated in proper manner before its discharge into water bodies. In the present investigation, hybrid treatment process has been developed for the treatment of synthetic mixed dye wastewater. Photocatalysis and ceramic nanoporous membrane are mainly used for process integration to minimize the fouling and increase the flux. Commercial semiconducting powders (TiO2 and ZnO) has used as a nano photocatalyst for the degradation of mixed dye in the hybrid system. Commercial ceramic nanoporous tubular membranes have been used for the rejection of dye and suspended catalysts. Photocatalysis with catalyst has shown the average of 34% of decolorization (RB-32%, BG-34% and CR-36%), whereas ceramic nanofiltration has shown the 56% (RB-54%, BG-56% and CR-58%) of decolorization. Integration of photocatalysis and ceramic nanofiltration has shown 96% (RB-94%, BG-96% and CR-98%) of dye decolorization over 90 min of operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalysis" title="photocatalysis">photocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20nanoporous%20membrane" title=" ceramic nanoporous membrane"> ceramic nanoporous membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20treatment" title=" wastewater treatment"> wastewater treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advanced%20oxidation%20process" title=" advanced oxidation process"> advanced oxidation process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20integration" title=" process integration"> process integration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76768/hybrid-treatment-method-for-decolorization-of-mixed-dyes-rhodamine-b-brilliant-green-and-congo-red" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76768.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2419</span> Ab Initio Studies of Organic Electrodes for Li and Na Ion Batteries Based on Tetracyanoethylene </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingqian%20Chen">Yingqian Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergei%20Manzhos"> Sergei Manzhos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organic electrodes are a way to achieve high rate (high power) and environment-friendly batteries. We present a computational density functional theory study of Li and Na storage in tetracyanoethylene based molecular and crystalline materials. Up to five Li and Na atoms can be stored on TCNE chemisorbed on doped graphene (corresponding to ~1000 mAh/gTCNE), with binding energies stronger than cohesive energies of the Li and Na metals by 1-2 eV. TCNE has been experimentally shown to form a crystalline material with Li with stoichiometry Li-TCNE. We confirm this computationally and also predict that a similar crystal based of Na-TCNE is also stable. These crystalline materials have well defined channels for facile Li or Na ion insertion and diffusion. Specifically, Li and Na binding energies in Li-TCNE and Na-TCNE crystals are about 1.5 eV and stronger than the cohesive energy of Li and Na, respectively. TCNE immobilized on conducting graphene-based substrates and Li/Na-TCNE crystals could therefore become efficient anode materials for organic Li and Na ion batteries, with which it should also be possible to avoid reduction of common battery electrolytes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20ion%20batteries" title="organic ion batteries">organic ion batteries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetracyanoethylene" title=" tetracyanoethylene"> tetracyanoethylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesive%20energies" title=" cohesive energies"> cohesive energies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrolytes" title=" electrolytes"> electrolytes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18520/ab-initio-studies-of-organic-electrodes-for-li-and-na-ion-batteries-based-on-tetracyanoethylene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">640</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2418</span> Role of Organic Wastewater Constituents in Iron Redox Cycling for Ferric Sludge Reuse in the Fenton-Based Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Bolobajev">J. Bolobajev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Trapido"> M. Trapido</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Goi"> A. Goi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The practical application of the Fenton-based treatment method for organic compounds-contaminated water purification is limited mainly because of the large amount of ferric sludge formed during the treatment, where ferrous iron (Fe(II)) is used as the activator of the hydrogen peroxide oxidation processes. Reuse of ferric sludge collected from clarifiers to substitute Fe(II) salts allows reducing the total cost of Fenton-type treatment technologies and minimizing the accumulation of hazardous ferric waste. Dissolution of ferric iron (Fe(III)) from the sludge to liquid phase at acidic pH and autocatalytic transformation of Fe(III) to Fe(II) by phenolic compounds (tannic acid, lignin, phenol, catechol, pyrogallol and hydroquinone) added or present as water/wastewater constituents were found to be essentially involved in the Fenton-based oxidation mechanism. Observed enhanced formation of highly reactive species, hydroxyl radicals, resulted in a substantial organic contaminant degradation increase. Sludge reuse at acidic pH and in the presence of ferric iron reductants is a novel strategy in the Fenton-based treatment application for organic compounds-contaminated water purification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferric%20sludge%20recycling" title="ferric sludge recycling">ferric sludge recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferric%20iron%20reductant" title=" ferric iron reductant"> ferric iron reductant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title=" water treatment"> water treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20pollutant" title=" organic pollutant"> organic pollutant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39944/role-of-organic-wastewater-constituents-in-iron-redox-cycling-for-ferric-sludge-reuse-in-the-fenton-based-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2417</span> Indigo Production in a Fed Batch Bioreactor Using Aqueous-Solvent Two Phase System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vaishnavi%20Unde">Vaishnavi Unde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srikanth%20Mutnuri"> Srikanth Mutnuri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today dye stuff sector is one of the major chemical industries in India. Indigo is a blue coloured dye used all over the world in large quantity. The indigo dye produced and used in textile industries is synthetic having toxic effect, thus there is an increase in interest for natural dyes owing to the environmental concerns. The present study focuses on the use of a strain Pandoraea sp. isolated from garage soil, for the production of indigo in fed batch bioreactor. A comparative study between single phase and two phase production was carried out in this work. The blue colour produced during the experiments was analyzed using, TLC, UV-visible spectrophotometer and FTIR technique. The blue pigment was found to be indigo. The production of bio-indigo was done in a single phase fermentor carrying medium and substrate indole in dissolved form and was found to produce maximum of 0.041 g/L of indigo. Whereas there was an increase in production of indigo to 0.068 g/L in a two phase, water-silicone oil system. In this study the advantage of using second phase as silicone oil has enhanced the indigo production, as the second phase made the substrate available to the bacteria by increasing the surface area as well as it helped to prevent the inhibition effect of the high concentration of substrate, indole. The effect of single and two phases on the growth of bacteria was also studied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dyes" title="dyes">dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fed%20batch%20reactor" title=" fed batch reactor"> fed batch reactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indole" title=" indole"> indole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indigo" title=" Indigo "> Indigo </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37269/indigo-production-in-a-fed-batch-bioreactor-using-aqueous-solvent-two-phase-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2416</span> A Design of the Organic Rankine Cycle for the Low Temperature Waste Heat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Fra%C5%88a">K. Fraňa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M%C3%BCller"> M. Müller</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A presentation of the design of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) with heat regeneration and super-heating processes is a subject of this paper. The maximum temperature level in the ORC is considered to be 110°C and the maximum pressure varies up to 2.5MPa. The selection process of the appropriate working fluids, thermal design and calculation of the cycle and its components are described. With respect to the safety, toxicity, flammability, price and thermal cycle efficiency, the working fluid selected is R134a. As a particular example, the thermal design of the condenser used for the ORC engine with a theoretical thermal power of 179 kW was introduced. The minimal heat transfer area for a completed condensation was determined to be approximately 520m2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20rankine%20cycle" title="organic rankine cycle">organic rankine cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20efficiency" title=" thermal efficiency"> thermal efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=working%20fluids" title=" working fluids"> working fluids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20engineering" title=" environmental engineering"> environmental engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2120/a-design-of-the-organic-rankine-cycle-for-the-low-temperature-waste-heat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2415</span> Production of Organic Solvent Tolerant Hydrolytic Enzymes (Amylase and Protease) by Bacteria Isolated from Soil of a Dairy Farm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alok%20Kumar">Alok Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hari%20Ram"> Hari Ram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lebin%20Thomas"> Lebin Thomas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ved%20Pal%20Singh"> Ved Pal Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organic solvent tolerant amylases and proteases of microbial origin are in great demand for their application in transglycosylation of water-insoluble flavanoids and in peptide synthesizing reaction in organic media. Most of the amylases and proteases are unstable in presence of organic solvent. In the present work two different bacterial strains M-11 and VP-07 were isolated from the soil sample of a dairy farm in Delhi, India, for the efficient production of extracellular amylase and protease through their screening on starch agar (SA) and skimmed milk agar (SMA) plates, respectively. Both the strains (M-11 and VP-07) were identified based on morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods. After analysis through Ez-Taxon software, the strains M-11 and VP-07 were found to have maximum pairwise similarity of 98.63% and 100% with Bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum BGSC 3A28 and Bacillus anthracis ATCC 14578 and were therefore identified as Bacillus sp. UKS1 and Bacillus sp. UKS2, respectively. Time course study of enzyme activity and bacterial growth has shown that both strains exhibited typical sigmoid growth behavior and maximum production of amylase (180 U/ml) and protease (78 U/ml) by these strains (UKS1 and UKS2) was commenced during stationary phase of growth at 24 and 20 h, respectively. Thereafter, both amylase and protease were tested for their tolerance towards organic solvents and were found to be active as well stable in p-xylene (130% and 115%), chloroform (110% and 112%), isooctane (119% and 107%), benzene (121% and 104%), n-hexane (116% and 103%) and toluene (112% and 101%, respectively). Owing to such properties, these enzymes can be exploited for their potential application in industries for organic synthesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amylase" title="amylase">amylase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme%20activity" title=" enzyme activity"> enzyme activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20applications" title=" industrial applications"> industrial applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solvent%20tolerant" title=" organic solvent tolerant"> organic solvent tolerant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protease" title=" protease"> protease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4042/production-of-organic-solvent-tolerant-hydrolytic-enzymes-amylase-and-protease-by-bacteria-isolated-from-soil-of-a-dairy-farm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2414</span> Multi-Objective Exergy Optimization of an Organic Rankine Cycle with Cyclohexane as Working Fluid </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Touil%20Djamal">Touil Djamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fergani%20Zineb"> Fergani Zineb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) with Cyclohexane working fluid is proposed for cogeneration in the cement industry. In this regard: first, a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the effects of some key parameters on the system performances. Next, single and multi-objective optimizations are performed to achieve the system optimal design. The optimization considers the exergy efficiency, the cost per exergy unit and the environmental impact of the net produced power as objective functions. Finally, exergy, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analysis of the cycle is carried out at the optimum operating conditions. The results show that the turbine inlet pressure, the pinch point temperature difference and the heat transfer fluid temperature have significant effects on the performances of the ORC system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20rankine%20cycle" title="organic rankine cycle">organic rankine cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-objective%20optimization" title=" multi-objective optimization"> multi-objective optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exergy" title=" exergy"> exergy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exergoeconomic" title=" exergoeconomic"> exergoeconomic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exergoenvironmental" title=" exergoenvironmental"> exergoenvironmental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-objective%20optimisation" title=" multi-objective optimisation"> multi-objective optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20rankine%20cycle" title=" organic rankine cycle"> organic rankine cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20plant" title=" cement plant"> cement plant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90328/multi-objective-exergy-optimization-of-an-organic-rankine-cycle-with-cyclohexane-as-working-fluid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90328.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2413</span> Synthesis of an Organic-Inorganic Salt of (C2H5NO2) 2H4SiW12O40 and Investigation of Its Anti-Viral Effect on the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboobeh%20Mohadeszadeh">Mahboobeh Mohadeszadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Saghi"> Majid Saghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyoxometalates (POMs) are important inorganic compounds that have been considered specifically in recent years due to abundant attributes and applications. Those POMs that have one central tetrahedral atom called keggin. The binding Amino-acid groups to keggin structure give the antivirus effect to these compounds. A new organic-inorganic hybrid structure, with formula (Gly)2H4SiW12O40 was synthesized. Investigation on Anti-viral effect of this compound showed the (Gly)2H4SiW12O40 prevents infection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) on the Nicotianatabacum plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Polyoxometalate" title="Polyoxometalate">Polyoxometalate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keggin" title=" Keggin"> Keggin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Organic-inorganic%20salt" title=" Organic-inorganic salt"> Organic-inorganic salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TMV" title=" TMV"> TMV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21483/synthesis-of-an-organic-inorganic-salt-of-c2h5no2-2h4siw12o40-and-investigation-of-its-anti-viral-effect-on-the-tobacco-mosaic-virus-tmv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2412</span> Synthesis of an Organic- Inorganic Salt of (C2H5NO2)2H4SiW12O40 and Investigation of Its Anti-Viral Effect on the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboobeh%20Mohadeszadeh">Mahboobeh Mohadeszadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Saghi"> Majid Saghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyoxometalates (POMs) are important inorganic compounds that have been considered specifically in recent years due to abundant attributes and applications. Those POMs that have one central tetrahedral atom called keggin. The binding Amino-acid groups to keggin structure give the antivirus effect to these compounds. A new organic-inorganic hybrid structure, with formula (Gly)2H4SiW12O40 was synthesized. Investigation on Anti-viral effect of this compound showed the (Gly)2H4SiW12O40 prevents infection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) on the Nicotianatabacum plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyoxometalate" title="polyoxometalate">polyoxometalate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=keggin" title=" keggin"> keggin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic-inorganic%20salt" title=" organic-inorganic salt"> organic-inorganic salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TMV" title=" TMV "> TMV </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21481/synthesis-of-an-organic-inorganic-salt-of-c2h5no22h4siw12o40-and-investigation-of-its-anti-viral-effect-on-the-tobacco-mosaic-virus-tmv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2411</span> Healthy Beverages Made from Grape Juice: Antioxidant, Energetic, and Isotonic Components</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasmina%20Bendaali">Yasmina Bendaali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristian%20Vaquero"> Cristian Vaquero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Escott"> Carlos Escott</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carmen%20Gonz%C3%A1lez"> Carmen González</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonio%20Morata"> Antonio Morata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Consumer tendencies to healthy eating habits and request for organic beverages led to the production of new drinks from fruit juices as a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Grape juice is a rich source of sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds, which define its beneficial effect on health and the attractive sensory profile for consumers' choices (color, taste, flavor). Thus, grape juice was used as a source of sugars, avoiding the addition of sweeteners by diluting it with mineral water to obtain the sugar concentration recommended for isotonic drinks (6% to 8%) to provide energy during physical activities. In addition, phenolic compounds of grape juice are associated with many human health benefits, mainly antioxidant activity, which helps to prevent different diseases associated with oxidative stress, including cancers and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, physical exercise has been shown to increase the production of free radicals and other reactive oxygen species. Thus, athletes need to improve their antioxidant defense systems to prevent oxidative damage. Different studies have demonstrated the positive effect of grape juice consumption during physical activities, which improves antioxidant activity and performance, protects against oxidative damage, and reduces inflammation. Thus, the use of grape juice to develop isotonic drinks can provide isotonic drinks with antioxidant and biological activities in addition to their principal role of rehydration and replacement of minerals and carbohydrates during physical exercises. Moreover, attractive sensory characteristics, mainly color, which is provided by anthocyanin content, have a great contribution to making the drinks more natural and help to dispense the use of synthetic dyes in addition to the health benefits which will be a novel product in the field of healthy beverages responding on the demand of consumers for new, innovative, and healthy products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grape%20juice" title="grape juice">grape juice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isotonic" title=" isotonic"> isotonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidants" title=" antioxidants"> antioxidants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthocyanins" title=" anthocyanins"> anthocyanins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural" title=" natural"> natural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport" title=" sport"> sport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167783/healthy-beverages-made-from-grape-juice-antioxidant-energetic-and-isotonic-components" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167783.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2410</span> Organic Permeation Properties of Hydrophobic Silica Membranes with Different Functional Groups</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadao%20Araki">Sadao Araki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daisuke%20Gondo"> Daisuke Gondo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satoshi%20Imasaka"> Satoshi Imasaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hideki%20Yamamoto"> Hideki Yamamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The separation of organic compounds from aqueous solutions is a key technology for recycling valuable organic compounds and for the treatment of wastewater. The wastewater from chemical plants often contains organic compounds such as ethyl acetate (EA), methylethyl ketone (MEK) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA). In this study, we prepared hydrophobic silica membranes by a sol-gel method. We used phenyltrimethoxysilane (PhTMS), ethyltrimethoxysilan (ETMS), Propyltrimethoxysilane (PrTMS), N-butyltrimethoxysilane (BTMS), N-Hexyltrimethoxysilane (HTMS) as silica sources to introduce each functional groups on the membrane surface. Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a molecular template to create suitable pore that enable the permeation of organic compounds. These membranes with five different functional groups were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, and permporometry. Thicknesses and pore diameters of silica layer for all membrane were about 1.0 μm and about 1 nm, respectively. In other words, functional groups had an insignificant effect on the membrane thicknesses and the formation of the pore by CTAB. We confirmed the effect of functional groups on the flux and separation factor for ethyl acetate (EA), methyl ethyl ketone, acetone and 1-butanol (1-BtOH) /water mixtures. All membranes showed a high flux for ethyl acetate compared with other compounds. In particular, the hydrophobic silica membrane prepared by using BTMS showed 0.75 kg m-2 h-1 of flux for EA. For all membranes, the fluxes of organic compounds showed the large values in the order corresponding to EA > MEK > acetone > 1-BtOH. On the other hand, carbon chain length of functional groups among ETMS, PrTMS, BTMS, PrTMS and HTMS did not have a major effect on the organic flux. Although we confirmed the relationship between organic fluxes and organic molecular diameters or fugacity of organic compounds, these factors had a low correlation with organic fluxes. It is considered that these factors affect the diffusivity. Generally, permeation through membranes is based on the diffusivity and solubility. Therefore, it is deemed that organic fluxes through these hydrophobic membranes are strongly influenced by solubility. We tried to estimate the organic fluxes by Hansen solubility parameter (HSP). HSP, which is based on the cohesion energy per molar volume and is composed of dispersion forces (δd), intermolecular dipole interactions (δp), and hydrogen-bonding interactions (δh), has recently attracted attention as a means for evaluating the resolution and aggregation behavior. Evaluation of solubility for two substances can be represented by using the Ra [(MPa)1/2] value, meaning the distance of HSPs for both of substances. A smaller Ra value means a higher solubility for each substance. On the other hand, it can be estimated that the substances with large Ra value show low solubility. We established the correlation equation, which was based on Ra, of organic flux at low concentrations of organic compounds and at 295-325 K. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobic" title="hydrophobic">hydrophobic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title=" membrane"> membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hansen%20solubility%20parameter" title=" Hansen solubility parameter"> Hansen solubility parameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20group" title=" functional group"> functional group</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35524/organic-permeation-properties-of-hydrophobic-silica-membranes-with-different-functional-groups" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2409</span> Spherical Organic Particle (SOP) Emissions from Fixed-Bed Residential Coal-Burning Devices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tafadzwa%20Makonese">Tafadzwa Makonese</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harold%20Annegarn"> Harold Annegarn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patricia%20Forbes"> Patricia Forbes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Residential coal combustion is one of the largest sources of carbonaceous aerosols in the Highveld region of South Africa, significantly affecting the local and regional climate. In this study, we investigated single coal burning particles emitted when using different fire-ignition techniques (top-lit up-draft vs bottom-lit up-draft) and air ventilation rates (defined by the number of air holes above and below the fire grate) in selected informal braziers. Aerosol samples were collected on nucleopore filters at the SeTAR Centre Laboratory, University of Johannesburg. Individual particles (~700) were investigated using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Two distinct forms of spherical organic particles (SOPs) were identified, one less oxidized than the other. The particles were further classified into "electronically" dark and bright, according to China et al. [2014]. EDS analysis showed that 70% of the dark spherical organic particles balls had higher (~60%) relative oxygen content than in the bright SOPs. We quantify the morphology of spherical organic particles and classify them into four categories: ~50% are bare single particles; ~35% particles are aggregated and form diffusion accretion chains; 10% have inclusions; and 5% are deformed due to impaction on filter material during sampling. We conclude that there are two distinct kinds of coal burning spherical organic particles and that dark SOPs are less volatile than bright SOPs. We also show that these spherical organic particles are similar in nature and characteristics to tar balls observed in biomass combustion, and that they have the potential to absorb sunlight thereby affecting the earth’s radiative budget and climate. This study provides insights on the mixing states, morphology, and possible formation mechanisms of these organic particles from residential coal combustion in informal stoves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spherical%20organic%20particles" title="spherical organic particles">spherical organic particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20coal%20combustion" title=" residential coal combustion"> residential coal combustion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed-bed" title=" fixed-bed"> fixed-bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerosols" title=" aerosols"> aerosols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stoves" title=" stoves"> stoves</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22636/spherical-organic-particle-sop-emissions-from-fixed-bed-residential-coal-burning-devices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2408</span> Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Wastes for Biogas Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayhan%20Varol">Ayhan Varol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysenur%20Ugurlu"> Aysenur Ugurlu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the depletion of fossil fuels and climate change, there is a rising interest in renewable energy sources. In this concept, a wide range of biomass (energy crops, animal manure, solid wastes, etc.) are used for energy production. There has been a growing interest in biomethane production from biomass. Biomethane production from organic wastes is a promising alternative for waste management by providing organic matter stabilization. Anaerobic digestion of organic material produces biogas, and organic substrate is degraded into a more stable material. Therefore, anaerobic digestion technology helps reduction of carbon emissions and produces renewable energy. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR), as well as TS (VS) loadings, influences the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes significantly. The optimum range for HRT varies between 15 days to 30 days, whereas OLR differs between 0.5 to 5 g/L.d depending on the substrate type and its lipid, protein and carbohydrate contents. The organic wastes have biogas production potential through anaerobic digestion. In this study, biomethane production potential of wastes like sugar beet bagasse, agricultural residues, food wastes, olive mill pulp, and dairy manure having different characteristics was investigated in mesophilic CSTR reactor, and their performances were compared. The reactor was mixed in order to provide homogenized content at a rate of 80 rpm. The organic matter content of these wastes was between 85 to 94 % with 61% (olive pulp) to 22 % (food waste) dry matter content. The hydraulic retention time changed between 20-30 days. High biogas productions, 13.45 to 5.70 mL/day, were achieved from the wastes studied when operated at 9 to 10.5% TS loadings where OLR varied between 2.92 and 3.95 gVS/L.day. The results showed that food wastes have higher specific methane production rate and volumetric methane production potential than the other wastes studied, under the similar OLR values. The SBP was 680, 585, 540, 390 and 295 mL/g VS for food waste, agricultural residues, sugar beet bagasse, olive pulp and dairy manure respectively. The methane content of the biogas varied between 72 and 60 %. The volatile solids conversion rate for food waste was 62%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogas%20production" title="biogas production">biogas production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20wastes" title=" organic wastes"> organic wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomethane" title=" biomethane"> biomethane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title=" anaerobic digestion"> anaerobic digestion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52438/anaerobic-digestion-of-organic-wastes-for-biogas-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2407</span> Fabrication of Activated Carbon from Palm Trunksfor Removal of Harmful Dyes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Alzahrani">Eman Alzahrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Date palm trees are abundant and cheap natural resources in Saudi Arabia. In this study, an activated carbon was prepared from palm trunks by chemical processes. The chemical activation was performed by impregnation of the raw materials after grinding with H3PO4 solution (63%), followed by placing of the sample solution on a muffle furnace at 400ºC for 30 min, and then at 800ºC for 10 min. The morphology of the fabricated material was checked using scanning electron microscopy that showed the rough surfaces on the carbon samples. The use of fabricated activated carbon for removal of eosin dye from aqueous solutions at different contact time, initial dye concentration, pH and adsorbent doses was investigated. The experimental results show that the adsorption process attains equilibrium within 20 min. The adsorption isotherm equilibrium was studied by means of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and it was found that the data fit the Langmuir isotherm equation with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 126.58 mg g-1. The results indicated that the home made activated carbon prepared from palm trunks has the ability to remove eosin dye from aqueous solution and it will be a promising adsorbent for the removal of harmful dyes from waste water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activated%20carbon" title="activated carbon">activated carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=date%20palm%20trunks" title=" date palm trunks"> date palm trunks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H3PO4%20activation" title=" H3PO4 activation"> H3PO4 activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye%20removal" title=" dye removal"> dye removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eosin%20dye" title=" eosin dye"> eosin dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isotherm" title=" isotherm"> isotherm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14227/fabrication-of-activated-carbon-from-palm-trunksfor-removal-of-harmful-dyes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2406</span> Advances in Membrane Technologies for Wastewater Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deniz%20Sahin">Deniz Sahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study provides a literature review of the special issue on wastewater treatment technologies, especially membrane technologies. Currently, wastewater is a serious and increasing worldwide problem with an adverse effect on the environment and living organisms. For this reason, many technologies have been developed to treat wastewater before discharging it to water bodies. We have been discussed membrane technologies to remove contaminants from wastewater such as heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, etc., which represent the main pollutants in wastewater. All the properties of these technologies including performance, economics, simplicity, and operability are also compared with other wastewater treatment technologies. The conventional water treatment technologies have the disadvantages of low separation efficiency, high energy consumption, and strict operating temperature. To overcome these difficulties, membrane technologies have been developed and used in wastewater treatment. Membrane technology uses a selectively permeable membrane to remove suspended and dissolved solids from water. This membrane is a very thin film of synthetic organic or inorganic materials, that can allow a very selective separation between a mixture and its components. Examples of membrane technologies include microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO), electrodialysis (ED), gas separation, etc. Most of these technologies have been used extensively for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater. For instance, wastewater that contains Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺ was treated by ultraﬁltration technology. It was shown that complete removal of metal ions could be achieved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20pollution" title="industrial pollution">industrial pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20technologies" title=" membrane technologies"> membrane technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20ions" title=" metal ions"> metal ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97532/advances-in-membrane-technologies-for-wastewater-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2405</span> Synthesis of an Organic-Inorganic Salt of 12-Silicotungstate, (C2H5NO2)2H4SiW12O40 and Investigation of Its Anti-Viral Effect on the Tobacco Mosaic Virus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboobeh%20Mohadeszadeh">Mahboobeh Mohadeszadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Saghi"> Majid Saghi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Polyoxometalates (POMs) are important inorganic compounds that have been considered specifically in recent years due to abundant attributes and applications. Those POMs that have one central tetrahedral atom called keggin. The binding Amino-acid groups to keggin structure give the antivirus effect to these compounds. A new organic-inorganic hybrid structure, with formula (Gly)2H4SiW12O40, was synthesized. Investigation on the anti-viral effect of this compound showed the (Gly)2H4SiW12O40 prevents infection of Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) on the Nicotianatabacum plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyoxometalate" title="polyoxometalate">polyoxometalate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=keggin" title=" keggin"> keggin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic-inorganic%20salt" title=" organic-inorganic salt"> organic-inorganic salt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TMV" title=" TMV"> TMV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21662/synthesis-of-an-organic-inorganic-salt-of-12-silicotungstate-c2h5no22h4siw12o40-and-investigation-of-its-anti-viral-effect-on-the-tobacco-mosaic-virus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2404</span> Influence of Cationic Surfactant (TTAB) on the Rate of Dipeptide (Gly-DL-Asp) Ninhydrin Reaction in Absence and Presence of Organic Solvents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd.%20Akram">Mohd. Akram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20M.%20Saeed"> A. A. M. Saeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surfactants are widely used in our daily life either directly in household and personal care products or indirectly in the industrial processes. The kinetics of the interaction of glycyl-DL-aspartic acid (Gly-DL-Asp) with ninhydrin has been investigated spectrophotometrically in aqueous and organic-solvent media in the absence and presence of cationic surfactant of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB). The study was carried out under different experimental conditions. The first and fractional order-rate were observed for [Gly-DL-Asp] and [ninhydrin], respectively. The reaction was enhanced about four-fold by TTAB micelles. The effect of organic solvents was studied at a constant concentration of TTAB and showed an increase in the absorbance as well as the rate constant for the formation of product (Ruhemann's purple). The results obtained in micellar media are treated quantitatively in terms of pseudo-phase and Piszkiewicz cooperativity models. The Arrhenius and Eyring equations are valid for the reaction over the range of temperatures used and different activation parameters (Ea, ∆H#, ∆S#, and ∆G#) have been evaluated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycyl-DL-aspartic%20acid" title="glycyl-DL-aspartic acid">glycyl-DL-aspartic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ninhydrin" title=" ninhydrin"> ninhydrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solvents" title=" organic solvents"> organic solvents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TTAB" title=" TTAB"> TTAB</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18950/influence-of-cationic-surfactant-ttab-on-the-rate-of-dipeptide-gly-dl-asp-ninhydrin-reaction-in-absence-and-presence-of-organic-solvents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2403</span> Degradation of Different Organic Contaminates Using Corona Discharge Plasma</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20El-Shazly">A. H. El-Shazly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20El-Tayeb"> A. El-Tayeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20F.%20Elkady"> M. F. Elkady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20G.%20E.%20Ibrahim"> Mona G. E. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelazim%20M.%20Negm"> Abdelazim M. Negm</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, corona discharge plasma reactor was used for degradation of organic pollution in aqueous solutions in batch reactor. This work examines the possibility of increasing the organic pollution removal efficiency from wastewater using non-thermal plasma. Three types of organic pollution phenol, acid blue 25 and methylene blue are presented to investigate experimentally the amount of organic pollution removal efficiency from wastewater. Measurement results for phenol degradation percentage are 71% in 35 min and 96% when its residence time is 60 min. In addition, the degradation behavior of acid blue 25 utilizing dual pin-to-plate corona discharge plasma system displays a removal efficiency of 82% in 11 min. The complete decolorization was accomplished in 35 min for concentration of acid blue 25 up to 100 ppm. Furthermore, the methylene blue degradation touched up to 85% during 35 min treatment in corona discharge plasma a batch reactor system. The decolorization ratio, conductivity, corona current and discharge energy are considered at various concentration molarity for AlCl3, CaCl2, KCl and NaCl under different molar concentration. It was observed that the attendance of salts at the same concentration level considerably diminished the rate and the extent of decolorization. The research presented that the corona system could be positively utilized in a diversity of organically contaminated at diverse concentrations. Energy consumption requirements for decolorization was considered. The consequences will be valuable for designing the plasma treatment systems appropriate for industrial wastewaters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20treatment" title="wastewater treatment">wastewater treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corona%20discharge" title=" corona discharge"> corona discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-thermal%20plasma" title=" non-thermal plasma"> non-thermal plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20pollution" title=" organic pollution"> organic pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52495/degradation-of-different-organic-contaminates-using-corona-discharge-plasma" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2402</span> Energy Recovery Potential from Food Waste and Yard Waste in New York and Montréal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Malmir">T. Malmir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U.%20Eicker"> U. Eicker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Landfilling of organic waste is still the predominant waste management method in the USA and Canada. Strategic plans for waste diversion from landfills are needed to increase material recovery and energy generation from waste. In this paper, we carried out a statistical survey on waste flow in the two cities New York and Montréal and estimated the energy recovery potential for each case. Data collection and analysis of the organic waste (food waste, yard waste, etc.), paper and cardboard, metal, glass, plastic, carton, textile, electronic products and other materials were done based on the reports published by the Department of Sanitation in New York and Service de l'Environnement in Montréal. In order to calculate the gas generation potential of organic waste, Buswell equation was used in which the molar mass of the elements was calculated based on their atomic weight and the amount of organic waste in New York and Montréal. Also, the higher and lower calorific value of the organic waste (solid base) and biogas (gas base) were calculated. According to the results, only 19% (598 kt) and 45% (415 kt) of New York and Montréal waste were diverted from landfills in 2017, respectively. The biogas generation potential of the generated food waste and yard waste amounted to 631 million m<sup>3</sup> in New York and 173 million m<sup>3</sup> in Montréal. The higher and lower calorific value of food waste were 3482 and 2792 GWh in New York and 441 and 354 GWh in Montréal, respectively. In case of yard waste, they were 816 and 681 GWh in New York and 636 and 531 GWh in Montréal, respectively. Considering the higher calorific value, this amount would mean a contribution of around 2.5% energy in these cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20recovery" title="energy recovery">energy recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20waste" title=" organic waste"> organic waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20energy%20modelling%20with%20INSEL" title=" urban energy modelling with INSEL"> urban energy modelling with INSEL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20flow" title=" waste flow"> waste flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119240/energy-recovery-potential-from-food-waste-and-yard-waste-in-new-york-and-montreal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2401</span> Malachite Green and Red Congo Dyes Adsorption onto Chemical Treated Sewage Sludge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zamouche%20Meriem">Zamouche Meriem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehcene%20Ismahan"> Mehcene Ismahan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temmine%20Manel"> Temmine Manel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bencheikh%20Lehocine%20Mosaab"> Bencheikh Lehocine Mosaab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meniai%20Abdeslam%20Hassen"> Meniai Abdeslam Hassen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, the adsorption of Malachite Green (MG) by chemical treated sewage sludge has been studied. The sewage sludge, collected from drying beds of the municipal wastewater treatment station of IBN ZIED, Constantine, Algeria, was treated by different acids such us HNO₃, H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄ for modifying its aptitude to removal the MG from aqueous solutions. The results obtained shows that the sewage sludge activated by sulfuric acid give the highest elimination amounts of MG (9.52 mg/L) compared by the other acids used. The effects of operation parameters have been investigated, the results obtained show that the adsorption capacity per unit of adsorbent mass decreases from 18.69 to 1.20 mg/g when the mass of the adsorbent increases from 0.25 to 4 g respectively, the optimum mass for which a maximum of elimination of the dye is equal to 0.5g. The increasing in the temperature of the solution results in a slight decrease in the adsorption capacity of the chemically treated sludge. The highest amount of dye adsorbed by CSSS (9.56 mg/g) was observed for the optimum temperature of 25°C. The chemical activated sewage sludge proved its effectiveness for the removal of the Red Congo (RC), but by comparison the adsorption of the two dyes studies, we noted that the sludge has more affinity to adsorb the (MG). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20activation" title=" chemical activation"> chemical activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malachite%20green" title=" malachite green"> malachite green</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewage%20sludge" title=" sewage sludge"> sewage sludge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94506/malachite-green-and-red-congo-dyes-adsorption-onto-chemical-treated-sewage-sludge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2400</span> Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Antibiotic Production Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Y.%20Kutbi">Ahmed Y. Kutbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Russell.%20J.%20Baird"> C. Russell. J. Baird</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20McNaughtan"> M. McNaughtan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Wayman"> Francis Wayman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wastewaters from antibiotic production facilities are characterized with high concentrations of dissolved organic substances. Subsequently, it challenges wastewater treatment plant operator to achieve successful biological treatment and to meet regulatory emission levels. Of the dissolved organic substances, this research is investigating the fate of organic nitrogenous compounds (i.e., Chitin) in an antibiotic production wastewater treatment plant located in Irvine, Scotland and its impact on the WWTP removal performance. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in WWTP effluents are of significance because 1) its potential to cause eutrophication in receiving waters, 2) the formation of nitrogenous disinfection by products in drinking waters and 3) limits WWTPs ability to achieve very low total nitrogen (TN) emissions limits (5 – 25 mg/l). The latter point is where the knowledge gap lays between the operator and the regulator in setting viable TN emission levels. The samples collected from Irvine site at the different stages of the treatment were analyzed for TN and DON. Results showed that the average TN in the WWTP influents and effluents are 798 and 261 mg/l respectively, in other words, the plant achieved 67 % removal of TN. DON Represented 51% of the influents TN, while the effluents accounted 26 % of the TN concentrations. Therefore, an ongoing investigation is carried out to identify DON constituents in WWTP effluent and evaluate its impact on the WWTP performance and its potential bioavailability for algae in receiving waters, which is, in this case, Irvine Bay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20wastewater%20treatment%20plant" title="biological wastewater treatment plant">biological wastewater treatment plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissolved%20organic%20nitrogen" title=" dissolved organic nitrogen"> dissolved organic nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-availability" title=" bio-availability"> bio-availability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irvine%20Bay" title=" Irvine Bay"> Irvine Bay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60984/dissolved-organic-nitrogen-in-antibiotic-production-wastewater-treatment-plant-effluents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60984.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2399</span> Study of Exciton Binding Energy in Photovoltaic Polymers and Non-Fullerene Acceptors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho-Wa%20Li">Ho-Wa Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sai-Wing%20Tsang"> Sai-Wing Tsang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The excitonic effect in organic semiconductors plays a key role in determining the electronic devices performance. Strong exciton binding energy has been regarded as the detrimental factor limiting the further improvement in organic photovoltaic cells. To the best of our knowledge, only limited reported can be found in measuring the exciton binding energy in organic photovoltaic materials. Conventional sophisticated approach using photoemission spectroscopy (UPS and IPES) would limit the wide access of the investigation. Here, we demonstrate a facile approach to study the electrical and optical quantum efficiencies of a series of conjugated photovoltaic polymer, fullerene and non-fullerene materials. Quantitative values of the exciton binding energy in those prototypical materials were obtained with concise photovoltaic device structure. And the extracted binding energies have excellent agreement with those determined by the conventional photoemission technique. More importantly, our findings can provide valuable information on the excitonic dissociation in the first excited state. Particularly, we find that the high binding energy of some non-fullerene acceptors limits the combination of polymer acceptors for efficiency exciton dissociation. The results bring insight into the engineering of excitonic effect for the development of efficient organic photovoltaic cells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20photovoltaics" title="organic photovoltaics">organic photovoltaics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20efficiency" title=" quantum efficiency"> quantum efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exciton%20binding%20energy" title=" exciton binding energy"> exciton binding energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=device%20physics" title=" device physics"> device physics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90334/study-of-exciton-binding-energy-in-photovoltaic-polymers-and-non-fullerene-acceptors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2398</span> Effect of Organic Fertilizers on the Improvement of Soil Microbiological Functioning under Saline Conditions of Arid Regions: Impact on Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oustani%20Mabrouka">Oustani Mabrouka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halilat%20Md%20Tahar"> Halilat Md Tahar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannachi%20Slimane"> Hannachi Slimane </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted on representative and contrasting soils of arid regions. It focuses on the compared influence of two organic fertilizers: poultry manure (PM) and bovine manure (BM) on improving the microbial functioning of non-saline (SS) and saline (SSS) soils, in particularly, the process of mineralization of nitrogen and carbon. The microbiological activity was estimated by respirometric test (CO2–C emissions) and the extraction of two forms of mineral nitrogen (NH4+-N and NO3--N). Thus, after 56 days of incubation under controlled conditions (28 degrees and 80 per cent of the field capacity), the two types of manures showed that the mineralization activity varies according to type of soil and the organic substrate itself. However, the highest cumulative quantities of CO2–C, NH4+–N and NO3-–N obtained at the end of incubation were recorded in non-saline (SS) soil treated with poultry manure with 1173.4, 4.26 and 8.40 mg/100 g of dry soil, respectively. The reductions in rates of release of CO2–C and of nitrification under saline conditions were 21 and 36, 78 %, respectively. The influence of organic substratum on the microbial density shows a stimulating effect on all microbial groups studied. The whole results show the usefulness of two types of manures for the improvement of the microbiological functioning of arid soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salinity" title="Salinity">Salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Organic%20matter" title=" Organic matter"> Organic matter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Microorganisms" title=" Microorganisms"> Microorganisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mineralization" title=" Mineralization"> Mineralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nitrogen" title=" Nitrogen"> Nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carbon" title=" Carbon"> Carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arid%20regions" title=" Arid regions"> Arid regions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21670/effect-of-organic-fertilizers-on-the-improvement-of-soil-microbiological-functioning-under-saline-conditions-of-arid-regions-impact-on-carbon-and-nitrogen-mineralization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2397</span> Exergy Analysis of Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycle Using Turbine Bleeding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyoung%20Hoon%20Kim">Kyoung Hoon Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work presents an exergetical performance analysis of regenerative organic Rankine cycle (ORC) using turbine bleeding based on the second law of thermodynamics for recovery of finite thermal energy. Effects of system parameters such as turbine bleeding pressure and turbine bleeding fraction are theoretically investigated on the exergy destructions (anergies) at various components of the system as well as the exergy and the second-law efficiencies. Under the conditions of the critical fraction of turbine bleeding, the simulation results show that the exergy efficiency decreases monotonically with respect to the bleeding pressure, however, the second-law efficiency has a peak with respect to the turbine bleeding pressure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20Rankine%20cycle" title="organic Rankine cycle">organic Rankine cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ORC" title=" ORC"> ORC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regeneration" title=" regeneration"> regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbine%20bleeding" title=" turbine bleeding"> turbine bleeding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exergy" title=" exergy"> exergy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second-law%20efficiency" title=" second-law efficiency"> second-law efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34056/exergy-analysis-of-regenerative-organic-rankine-cycle-using-turbine-bleeding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34056.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2396</span> Effect of Inorganic Fertilization on Soil N Dynamics in Agricultural Plots in Central Mexico</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karla%20Sanchez-Ortiz">Karla Sanchez-Ortiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunuen%20Tapia-Torres"> Yunuen Tapia-Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Larsen"> John Larsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felipe%20Garcia-Oliva"> Felipe Garcia-Oliva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to food demand production, the use of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizer has increased in agricultural soils to replace the N losses. Nevertheless, the intensive use of synthetic nitrogenous fertilizer in conventional agriculture negatively affects the soil and therefore the environment, so alternatives such as organic agriculture have been proposed for being more environmentally friendly. However, further research in soil is needed to see how agricultural management affects the dynamics of C and N. The objective of this research was to evaluate the C and N dynamics in the soil with three different agricultural management: an agricultural plot with intensive inorganic fertilization, a plot with semi-organic management and an agricultural plot with recent abandonment (2 years). For each plot, the soil C and N dynamics and the enzymatic activity of NAG and β-Glucosidase were characterized. Total C and N concentration of the plant biomass of each site was measured as well. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was higher in abandoned plot, as well as this plot had higher total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN), besides microbial N and microbial C. While the enzymatic activity of NAG and β-Glucosidase was greater in the agricultural plot with inorganic fertilization, as well as nitrate (NO₃) was higher in fertilized plot, in comparison with the other two plots. The aboveground biomass (AB) of maize in the plot with inorganic fertilization presented higher TC and TN concentrations than the maize AB growing in the semiorganic plot, but the C:N ratio was highest in the grass AB in the abandoned plot. The C:N ration in the maize grain was greater in the semi-organic agricultural plot. These results show that the plot under intensive agricultural management favors the loss of soil organic matter and N, degrading the dynamics of soil organic compounds, promoting its fertility depletion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralization" title="mineralization">mineralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen%20cycle" title=" nitrogen cycle"> nitrogen cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20degradation" title=" soil degradation"> soil degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20nutrients" title=" soil nutrients"> soil nutrients</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84789/effect-of-inorganic-fertilization-on-soil-n-dynamics-in-agricultural-plots-in-central-mexico" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2395</span> Influence of Recombination of Free and Trapped Charge Carriers on the Efficiency of Conventional and Inverted Organic Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hooman%20Mehdizadeh%20Rad">Hooman Mehdizadeh Rad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jai%20Singh"> Jai Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organic solar cells (OSCs) have been actively investigated in the last two decades due to their several merits such as simple fabrication process, low-cost manufacturing, and lightweight. In this paper, using the optical transfer matrix method (OTMM) and solving the drift-diffusion equations processes of recombination are studied in inverted and conventional bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OSCs. Two types of recombination processes are investigated: 1) recombination of free charge carriers using the Langevin theory and 2) of trapped charge carriers in the tail states with exponential energy distribution. These recombination processes are incorporated in simulating the current- voltage characteristics of both conventional and inverted BHJ OSCs. The results of this simulation produces a higher power conversion efficiency in the inverted structure in comparison with conventional structure, which agrees well with the experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conventional%20organic%20solar%20cells" title="conventional organic solar cells">conventional organic solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponential%20tail%20state%20recombination" title=" exponential tail state recombination"> exponential tail state recombination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverted%20organic%20solar%20cells" title=" inverted organic solar cells"> inverted organic solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Langevin%20recombination" title=" Langevin recombination"> Langevin recombination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79569/influence-of-recombination-of-free-and-trapped-charge-carriers-on-the-efficiency-of-conventional-and-inverted-organic-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20dyes&page=7" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20dyes&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20dyes&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li 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