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Bioactivity-guided screening of bacterial extracts and characterization of biosynthetic pathways for drug discovery is now complemented by the availability of large (meta)genomic collections, placing researchers into the postgenomic, big-data era. The progress in next-generation sequencing and the rise of powerful computational tools provide unprecedented insights into unexplored taxa, ecological niches and ‘biosynthetic dark matter’, revealing diverse and chemically distinct natural products in previously unstudied bacteria. In this Review, we discuss such sources of new chemical entities and the implications for drug discovery with a particular focus on the strategies that have emerged in recent years to identify and access novelty. Natural products derived from bacteria are an important source of potential new drug compounds, such as antibiotics and anticancer agents, but how to efficiently mine this resource remains a challenge. In their Review, Hemmerling and Piel discuss newly developed computational tools and strategies to access biosynthetic novelty in bacterial genomes. 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</svg> </li><li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb3" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <span itemprop="name">article</span><meta itemprop="position" content="4"></li> </ol> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="u-container u-mt-32 u-mb-32 u-clearfix" id="content" data-component="article-container" data-container-type="article"> <main class="c-article-main-column u-float-left js-main-column" data-track-component="article body"> <article lang="en"> <div class="c-article-header"> <header> <ul class="c-article-identifiers" data-test="article-identifier"> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item" data-test="article-category">Review Article</li> <li class="c-article-identifiers__item">Published: <time datetime="2022-03-16">16 March 2022</time></li> </ul> <h1 class="c-article-title" data-test="article-title" data-article-title="">Strategies to access biosynthetic novelty in bacterial genomes for drug discovery</h1> <ul class="c-article-author-list c-article-author-list--short" data-test="authors-list" data-component-authors-activator="authors-list"><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-Franziska-Hemmerling-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-Franziska-Hemmerling-Aff1" data-author-search="Hemmerling, Franziska">Franziska Hemmerling</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup> & </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-J_rn-Piel-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-J_rn-Piel-Aff1" data-author-search="Piel, Jörn" data-corresp-id="c1">Jörn Piel<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mail-medium"></use></svg></a><span class="u-js-hide"> <a class="js-orcid" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-8154"><span class="u-visually-hidden">ORCID: </span>orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-8154</a></span><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup> </li></ul> <p class="c-article-info-details" data-container-section="info"> <a data-test="journal-link" href="/nrd" data-track="click" data-track-action="journal homepage" data-track-category="article body" data-track-label="link"><i data-test="journal-title">Nature Reviews Drug Discovery</i></a> <b data-test="journal-volume"><span class="u-visually-hidden">volume</span> 21</b>, <span class="u-visually-hidden">pages </span>359–378 (<span data-test="article-publication-year">2022</span>)<a href="#citeas" class="c-article-info-details__cite-as u-hide-print" data-track="click" data-track-action="cite this article" data-track-label="link">Cite this article</a> </p> <div class="c-article-metrics-bar__wrapper u-clear-both"> <ul class="c-article-metrics-bar u-list-reset"> <li class=" c-article-metrics-bar__item" data-test="access-count"> <p class="c-article-metrics-bar__count">13k <span class="c-article-metrics-bar__label">Accesses</span></p> </li> <li class="c-article-metrics-bar__item" data-test="citation-count"> <p class="c-article-metrics-bar__count">66 <span class="c-article-metrics-bar__label">Citations</span></p> </li> <li class="c-article-metrics-bar__item" data-test="altmetric-score"> <p class="c-article-metrics-bar__count">60 <span class="c-article-metrics-bar__label">Altmetric</span></p> </li> <li class="c-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="c-article-metrics-bar__details"><a href="/articles/s41573-022-00414-6/metrics" data-track="click" data-track-action="view metrics" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Metrics <span class="u-visually-hidden">details</span></a></p> </li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="u-js-hide" data-component="article-subject-links"> <h3 class="c-article__sub-heading">Subjects</h3> <ul class="c-article-subject-list"> <li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><a href="/subjects/drug-discovery" data-track="click" data-track-action="view subject" data-track-label="link">Drug discovery</a></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><a href="/subjects/microbiology" data-track="click" data-track-action="view subject" data-track-label="link">Microbiology</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="c-article-body"> <section aria-labelledby="Abs1" data-title="Abstract" lang="en"><div class="c-article-section" id="Abs1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Abs1">Abstract</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Abs1-content"><p>Bacteria provide a rich source of natural products with potential therapeutic applications, such as novel antibiotic classes or anticancer drugs. Bioactivity-guided screening of bacterial extracts and characterization of biosynthetic pathways for drug discovery is now complemented by the availability of large (meta)genomic collections, placing researchers into the postgenomic, big-data era. The progress in next-generation sequencing and the rise of powerful computational tools provide unprecedented insights into unexplored taxa, ecological niches and ‘biosynthetic dark matter’, revealing diverse and chemically distinct natural products in previously unstudied bacteria. 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1743603702, embedded_user: 'null' } }); </script> <div class="u-mt-32"> <div id="MagazineFulltextArticleBodySuffix"><section aria-labelledby="Bib1" data-title="References"><div class="c-article-section" id="Bib1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Bib1">References</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Bib1-content"><div data-container-section="references"><ol class="c-article-references" data-track-component="outbound reference" data-track-context="references section"><li class="c-article-references__item js-c-reading-companion-references-item" data-counter="1."><p class="c-article-references__text" id="ref-CR1">Carter, H. 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Gene loci encoding proteins involved in natural product (NP) biosynthesis, resistance and regulation.</p> </dd><dt class="c-description-list__term u-text-bold" id="Glos3">Congeners</dt><dd class="c-description-list__description u-pl-32"> <p>Structurally related compounds with overall high similarity.</p> </dd><dt class="c-description-list__term u-text-bold" id="Glos4">Metagenomics</dt><dd class="c-description-list__description u-pl-32"> <p>Methods that explore mixed communities at the DNA level.</p> </dd><dt class="c-description-list__term u-text-bold" id="Glos5">Maturases</dt><dd class="c-description-list__description u-pl-32"> <p>Enzymes modifying ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) precursors or proteins.</p> </dd><dt class="c-description-list__term u-text-bold" id="Glos6">Siderophores</dt><dd class="c-description-list__description u-pl-32"> <p>Compounds able to complex iron with high affinity.</p> </dd><dt class="c-description-list__term u-text-bold" id="Glos7">Mutualists</dt><dd class="c-description-list__description u-pl-32"> <p>Members of a beneficial symbiosis.</p> </dd><dt class="c-description-list__term u-text-bold" id="Glos8">Microbial dark matter</dt><dd class="c-description-list__description u-pl-32"> <p>The large and as yet poorly explored portion of microbial diversity that has eluded laboratory cultivation.</p> </dd><dt class="c-description-list__term u-text-bold" id="Glos9">Contigs</dt><dd class="c-description-list__description u-pl-32"> <p>Sets of overlapping DNA sequencing reads from the same genomic source.</p> </dd><dt class="c-description-list__term u-text-bold" id="Glos10">Binning</dt><dd class="c-description-list__description u-pl-32"> <p>The computational grouping of contigs with shared DNA properties, such as sequence coverage or oligonucleotide frequency, after metagenome sequencing.</p> </dd></dl></div></div></section><section data-title="Rights and permissions"><div class="c-article-section" id="rightslink-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="rightslink">Rights and permissions</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="rightslink-content"><p class="c-article-rights"><a data-track="click" data-track-action="view rights and permissions" data-track-label="link" href="https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?title=Strategies%20to%20access%20biosynthetic%20novelty%20in%20bacterial%20genomes%20for%20drug%20discovery&author=Franziska%20Hemmerling%20et%20al&contentID=10.1038%2Fs41573-022-00414-6&copyright=Springer%20Nature%20Limited&publication=1474-1776&publicationDate=2022-03-16&publisherName=SpringerNature&orderBeanReset=true">Reprints and permissions</a></p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="article-info" data-title="About this article"><div class="c-article-section" id="article-info-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="article-info">About this article</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="article-info-content"><div class="c-bibliographic-information"><div class="u-hide-print c-bibliographic-information__column c-bibliographic-information__column--border"><a data-crossmark="10.1038/s41573-022-00414-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1038/s41573-022-00414-6" data-track="click" data-track-action="Click Crossmark" data-track-label="link" data-test="crossmark"><img loading="lazy" width="57" height="81" alt="Check for updates. 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