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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qadma&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadma">Qadma</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><table class="" summary="Sidebar for articles about Hebrew cantillation" style="float:right;margin-left:3px; padding:3px; min-width:18em; background:transparent;border:1px solid silver; white-space:nowrap" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#ccc; line-height:1.5em;"> <th colspan="5" style="background:#ccc;">Kadma </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"> <table style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;line-height:400%;"> <td style="width:35%; font-size:xx-large"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">קַדְמָ֨א</span>‎</td> <td style="width:30%;font-size:350%; background-color:#e7e7e7; padding-bottom:6px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֨</span>‎</td> <td style="width:35%;font-size:xx-large;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">אָדָם֙</span>‎</td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#ccc; line-height:1.5em;"> <th colspan="5" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_cantillation" title="Hebrew cantillation">cantillation</a> </th></tr> <tr style="height:0px;overflow:hidden"> <td style="width:38%;"></td> <td style="width:11%"></td> <td style="width:2%;"></td> <td style="width:38%;"></td> <td style="width:11%"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#e7e7e7; line-height:2.2em;"> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Sof_passuk" title="Sof passuk">Sof passuk</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">׃</span>‎</span></td> <td style="background-color:white;">  </td> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Paseq" class="mw-redirect" title="Paseq">Paseq</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">׀</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:transparent;height:3px;overflow:hidden"> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#e7e7e7; line-height:2.2em;"> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Etnachta" title="Etnachta">Etnakhta/atnakh</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֑</span>‎</span></td> <td style="background-color:white;">  </td> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Segol_(cantillation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Segol (cantillation)">Segol</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֒</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:transparent;height:3px;overflow:hidden"> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#e7e7e7; line-height:2.2em;"> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Shalshelet" title="Shalshelet">Shalshelet</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֓</span>‎</span></td> <td style="background-color:white;">  </td> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Zakef_katan" title="Zakef katan">Zakef katan</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֔</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:transparent;height:3px;overflow:hidden"> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#e7e7e7; line-height:2.2em;"> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Zakef_gadol" title="Zakef gadol">Zakef gadol</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֕</span>‎</span></td> <td style="background-color:white;">  </td> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Tifcha" class="mw-redirect" title="Tifcha">Tifcha/tarkha</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֖</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:transparent;height:3px;overflow:hidden"> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#e7e7e7; line-height:2.2em;"> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Rivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivia">Rivia</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֗</span>‎</span></td> <td style="background-color:white;">  </td> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Zarka_(trope)" title="Zarka (trope)">Zarka</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֘</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:transparent;height:3px;overflow:hidden"> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#e7e7e7; line-height:2.2em;"> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Pashta" title="Pashta">Pashta</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֙</span>‎</span></td> <td style="background-color:white;">  </td> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Yetiv" title="Yetiv">Yetiv</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֚</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:transparent;height:3px;overflow:hidden"> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#e7e7e7; line-height:2.2em;"> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Tevir" title="Tevir">Tevir</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֛</span>‎</span></td> <td style="background-color:white;">  </td> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Geresh_(trope)" title="Geresh (trope)">Geresh</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֜</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:transparent;height:3px;overflow:hidden"> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#e7e7e7; line-height:2.2em;"> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Geresh_muqdam" class="mw-redirect" title="Geresh muqdam">Geresh muqdam</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geresch_muqdam" class="extiw" title="de:Geresch muqdam">de</a>]</span></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֝</span>‎</span></td> <td style="background-color:white;">  </td> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Gershayim_(trope)" title="Gershayim (trope)">Gershayim</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֞</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:transparent;height:3px;overflow:hidden"> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#e7e7e7; line-height:2.2em;"> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Karne_parah" title="Karne parah">Karne parah</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֟</span>‎</span></td> <td style="background-color:white;">  </td> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Telisha" title="Telisha">Telisha gedola/talsha</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֠</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:transparent;height:3px;overflow:hidden"> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#e7e7e7; line-height:2.2em;"> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Pazer" title="Pazer">Pazer</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֡</span>‎</span></td> <td style="background-color:white;">  </td> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Atnah_hafukh" class="mw-redirect" title="Atnah hafukh">Atnah hafukh</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atnach_hafuch" class="extiw" title="de:Atnach hafuch">de</a>]</span></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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style="background-color:transparent;height:3px;overflow:hidden"> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#e7e7e7; line-height:2.2em;"> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Telisha" title="Telisha">Telisha qetana/tarsa</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֩</span>‎</span></td> <td style="background-color:white;">  </td> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Yerah_ben_yomo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yerah ben yomo">Yerah ben yomo</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֪</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:transparent;height:3px;overflow:hidden"> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#e7e7e7; line-height:2.2em;"> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Ole_(cantillation)" title="Ole (cantillation)">Ole</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֫</span>‎</span></td> <td style="background-color:white;">  </td> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Illuy_(cantillation)" title="Illuy (cantillation)">Illuy</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֬</span>‎</span> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:transparent;height:3px;overflow:hidden"> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#e7e7e7; line-height:2.2em;"> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Dehi_(cantillation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dehi (cantillation)">Dehi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dechi" class="extiw" title="de:Dechi">de</a>]</span></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">֭</span>‎</span></td> <td style="background-color:white;">  </td> <td style="padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Tsinnorit" title="Tsinnorit">Tsinnorit</a></td> <td style="padding:2px; text-align: center;border-left:2px solid white;"><span style="font-size:180%;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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.navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hebrew_cantillation" title="Template:Hebrew cantillation"><span title="View this template">view</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hebrew_cantillation" title="Template talk:Hebrew cantillation"><span title="Discuss this template">talk</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hebrew_cantillation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hebrew cantillation"><span title="Edit this template">edit</span></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kadma_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kadma (disambiguation)">Kadma (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><b>Kadma</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">קַדְמָא</span>, with variant English spellings) is a common <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_cantillation" title="Hebrew cantillation">cantillation</a> mark found in the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haftarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Haftarah">Haftarah</a>, and other books of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>. It can be found by itself preceding certain trope groups, or together with a <a href="/wiki/Geresh_(trope)" title="Geresh (trope)">Geresh</a>, in which case, the pair is known as <i>"Kadma-V'Azla."</i> </p><p>Kadma has the same symbol as the Pashta, though Kadma is distinct from Pashta in the placement of the symbol. In a Kadma, the symbol is always placed on the accented syllable, while Pashta is placed on the last letter and also on the accented syllable if the last syllable is not the accented one.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The symbols for <i>Kadma V'Azla</i> are designed to resemble the fingers of an outstretched hand in a curved position.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Kadma-V'Azla pair occurs 1733 times in the Torah.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <i>Kadma</i> is related to the Hebrew <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">קדמה</span></span> (<i>kedma</i>), east. It is also related to the root <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">ק־ד־ם</span></span>, <i>front</i>. The combination of these words translates to <i>going away</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Melody">Melody</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadma_(trope)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Melody"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kadma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Kadma.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="53" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="102" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kadma_V'Azla"><span id="Kadma_V.27Azla"></span>Kadma V'Azla</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadma_(trope)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Kadma V'Azla"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The melody for a Kadma V'Azla is a continual string of notes without a break as follows: <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KadmaVazla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/KadmaVazla.jpg" decoding="async" width="278" height="95" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="95" /></a></span> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadma_(trope)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chanting the Hebrew Bible By Joshua R. Jacobson, page 221</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jewish liturgy as a spiritual system: a prayer-by-prayer explanation of the nature and meaning of Jewish worship , page 129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible: Concordance ..., Volume 1 By James D. 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href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Book of Ruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations" title="Book of Lamentations">Lamentations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Readings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Torah_portion" title="Weekly Torah portion">Weekly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_readings_of_Yom_Tov" class="mw-redirect" title="Torah readings of Yom Tov">Yom Tov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triennial_cycle" title="Triennial cycle">Triennial cycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliyah_(Torah)" title="Aliyah (Torah)">Aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maftir" title="Maftir">Maftir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shnayim_mikra_ve-echad_targum" title="Shnayim mikra ve-echad targum">Shnayim mikra ve-echad targum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah_ark" title="Torah ark">Ark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bema#Judaism" title="Bema">Bimah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_scroll" title="Torah scroll">Sefer Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikkun_(book)" title="Tikkun (book)">Tikkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yad" title="Yad">Yad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ner_Tamid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ner Tamid">Ner Tamid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_cantillation" title="Hebrew cantillation">Cantillation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Katan group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahpach" title="Mahpach">Mahpach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashta" title="Pashta">Pashta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munach" title="Munach">Munach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakef_katan" title="Zakef katan">Zakef katan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kadma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yetiv" title="Yetiv">Yetiv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Etnachta group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercha" title="Mercha">Mercha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipcha" title="Tipcha">Tipcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munach" title="Munach">Munach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etnachta" title="Etnachta">Etnachta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sof Passuk group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercha" title="Mercha">Mercha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipcha" title="Tipcha">Tipcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercha" title="Mercha">Mercha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sof_passuk" title="Sof passuk">Sof passuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Segol group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munach" title="Munach">Munach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarka_(trope)" title="Zarka (trope)">Zarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munach" title="Munach">Munach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segol_(trope)" title="Segol (trope)">Segol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Telisha group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munach" title="Munach">Munach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazer" title="Pazer">Pazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telisha" title="Telisha">Telisha Ketana/Gedola</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zakef_gadol" title="Zakef gadol">Zakef gadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivia">Rivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershayim_(trope)" title="Gershayim (trope)">Gershayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darga" title="Darga">Darga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tevir" title="Tevir">Tevir</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kadma (V'Azla)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geresh_(trope)" title="Geresh (trope)">Geresh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shalshelet" title="Shalshelet">Shalshelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercha_kefula" title="Mercha kefula">Mercha kefula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerach_ben_yomo" title="Yerach ben yomo">Yerach ben yomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karne_parah" title="Karne parah">Karne parah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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