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Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AB" title="باتريشيا باث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باتريشيا باث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="പട്രീഷ്യ ബാത്ത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പട്രീഷ്യ ബാത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="პატრისია ბატი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პატრისია ბატი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AB" title="باتريشيا باث – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باتريشيا باث" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Era_Bath" title="Patricia Era Bath – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Patricia Era Bath" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82,_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бат, Патрисия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бат, Патрисия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patri%C5%A1a_Bat" title="Patriša Bat – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Patriša Bat" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Патрісія Бат – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Патрісія Бат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7145460#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">First African American woman doctor to receive a patent for a medical invention</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Patricia Era Bath</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Patriciabath.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Patriciabath.jpg/220px-Patriciabath.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Patriciabath.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="418" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1942-11-04</span>)</span>November 4, 1942<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">New York City, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 30, 2019<span style="display:none">(2019-05-30)</span> (aged 76)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">San Francisco, California, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hunter_College" title="Hunter College">Hunter College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">B.A.</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">M.D.</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Ophtalmology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ophtalmology">Ophthalmologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanitarian">humanitarian</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Patricia Era Bath</b> (November 4, 1942 – May 30, 2019) was an American <a href="/wiki/Ophtalmology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ophtalmology">ophthalmologist</a> and humanitarian. She became the first female member of the <a href="/wiki/Jules_Stein_Eye_Institute" title="Jules Stein Eye Institute">Jules Stein Eye Institute</a>, the first woman to lead a post-graduate training program in <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">ophthalmology</a>, and the first woman elected to the honorary staff of the <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_UCLA_Medical_Center" title="Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center">UCLA Medical Center</a>. Bath was the first African-American to serve as a resident in ophthalmology at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>. She was also the first African-American woman to serve on staff as a surgeon at the UCLA Medical Center. Bath was the first African-American woman doctor to receive a <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> for a medical purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A holder of five patents,<sup id="cite_ref-patents_list_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patents_list-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she founded the non-profit American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-AmericanInstitute_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericanInstitute-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born 1942, in <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a>, New York, Patricia Bath was the daughter of Rupert and Gladys Bath.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father was an immigrant from <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a>, a newspaper columnist, a <a href="/wiki/Merchant_shipping" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant shipping">merchant seaman</a> and the first black man to work for the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Motorman_(locomotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorman (locomotive)">motorman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father inspired her love for culture and encouraged her to explore different cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-Biocom_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biocom-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother was descended from <a href="/wiki/African_slaves" class="mw-redirect" title="African slaves">African slaves</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a> Native Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout her childhood, Bath was often told by her parents to "never settle for less than [her] best" and had been encouraged by their support of her education. Her mother, encouraging her dreams and love of science, had bought her her first chemistry set. By the time she had reached high school, Bath was already a <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> scholar. This led to her cancer research earning a front-page feature in the <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times"><i>New York Times</i>.</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patricia and her brother attended <a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Evans Hughes High School">Charles Evans Hughes High School</a> where both students excelled in science and math.<sup id="cite_ref-Pioneers_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pioneers-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inspired by the French <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a> laureate <a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a>'s work in medicine,<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bath applied for and won a <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> Scholarship while attending high school; this led her to a research project at <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_University" title="Yeshiva University">Yeshiva University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harlem_Hospital_Center" title="Harlem Hospital Center">Harlem Hospital Center</a> studying connections between cancer, nutrition, and stress.<sup id="cite_ref-Henderson_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henderson-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Williams_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this summer program, led by Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Moshe_David_Tendler" title="Moshe David Tendler">Moses D. Tendler</a>, Bath had studied the effects of <a href="/wiki/Streptomycin" title="Streptomycin">streptomycin</a> residue on bacteria. Through this, she was able to conclude that cancer, itself, was a <a href="/wiki/Catabolism" title="Catabolism">catabolic</a> disease and tumor growth was a symptom.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ten_Young_Women_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ten_Young_Women-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had also discovered a mathematical equation that could be used to predict cancer cell growth.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The head of the research program realized the significance of her findings and published them in a scientific paper.<sup id="cite_ref-Biocom_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biocom-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her discoveries were also shared at the International Fifth Congress of Nutrition in the fall of 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-Ten_Young_Women_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ten_Young_Women-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1960, at the age of eighteen years old, Bath won a "Merit Award" of <i><a href="/wiki/Mademoiselle_(magazine)" title="Mademoiselle (magazine)">Mademoiselle</a></i> magazine for her contribution to the project.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bath received her Bachelor of Arts in <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> from Manhattan's <a href="/wiki/Hunter_College" title="Hunter College">Hunter College</a> in 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She then relocated to Washington, D.C. to attend <a href="/wiki/Howard_University_College_of_Medicine" title="Howard University College of Medicine">Howard University College of Medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her first year at Howard coincided with the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>. She co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Student_National_Medical_Association" title="Student National Medical Association">Student National Medical Association</a> and became its first woman president in 1965.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> At Howard, she was awarded a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Children%27s_Bureau" title="United States Children's Bureau">Children's Bureau</a> National Government Fellowship Award to do research in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade,_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade, Yugoslavia">Belgrade, Yugoslavia</a>, in the summer of 1967, where her research focused on <a href="/wiki/Pediatric_surgery" title="Pediatric surgery">pediatric surgery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highlight of the award ceremony was the meeting of <a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a>, chief justice of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a>, at the US Embassy in Belgrade.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Bath graduated with honors from Howard University College of Medicine in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was awarded the Edwin Watson Prize for Excellence in Ophthalmology by her mentor, Lois A. Young.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The assassination of <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a>, in 1968, caused Bath to dedicate herself to achieving one of the dreams of King, namely the empowerment of people through the <a href="/wiki/Poor_People%27s_Campaign" title="Poor People's Campaign">Poor People's Campaign</a>. She organized and led Howard University medical students in providing volunteer health care services to the Poor People's Campaign in Resurrection City in the summer of 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bath returned to her Harlem community and <a href="/wiki/Internship_(medicine)" title="Internship (medicine)">interned</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harlem_Hospital_Center" title="Harlem Hospital Center">Harlem Hospital Center</a>, which had just become affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_College_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons" title="Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons">Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons</a>. During her internship, she observed large proportions of blind patients at Harlem Hospital in comparison to patients at the Columbia University Eye Clinic. Prior to beginning her ophthalmology residency study at NYU in 1970, Bath was awarded a one-year fellowship from Columbia University to study and contribute to eye care services at Harlem Hospital. She began collecting data on blindness and visual impairment at Harlem Hospital, which did not have any ophthalmologists on staff. Her data and passion for improvement persuaded her professors from Columbia to begin operating on blind patients, without charge, at Harlem Hospital Center.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bath was proud to be on the Columbia team that performed the first eye surgery at Harlem Hospital in November 1969.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Bath served her residency in <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">ophthalmology</a> at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>, from 1970 to 1973, the first African American to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She gave birth to her daughter, Eraka, in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After completing her residency at NYU, Bath began a Corneal fellowship program at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, which focused on <a href="/wiki/Corneal_transplantation" title="Corneal transplantation">corneal transplantation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Keratoprosthesis" title="Keratoprosthesis">keratoprosthesis</a> surgery (1973 to 1974). While a fellow, she was recruited by both the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">UCLA</a> <a href="/wiki/Jules_Stein_Eye_Institute" title="Jules Stein Eye Institute">Jules Stein Eye Institute</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Drew_University_of_Medicine_and_Science" title="Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science">Charles R. Drew University</a> to co-found an ophthalmology residency program at <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Outpatient_Center" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Outpatient Center">Martin Luther King, Jr. Hospital</a>. She then began her career in Los Angeles, becoming the first woman ophthalmologist on the faculty at <a href="/wiki/Jules_Stein_Eye_Institute" title="Jules Stein Eye Institute">Jules Stein Eye Institute</a> at UCLA. When asked who her mentor was, Bath responded by saying her relationship with family physician Cecil Marquez inspired her to pursue this specific career.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was appointed assistant chief of the King-Drew-UCLA Ophthalmology Residency Program in 1974, and was appointed chief in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-LessonsIveLearned_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LessonsIveLearned-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At both institutions, Bath rose to the rank of associate professor. At UCLA, she founded the Ophthalmic Assistant Training Program (OATP) in 1978. The graduates of the OATP are key personnel to provide screening, health education, and support for blindness prevention strategies.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Henderson_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henderson-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jet_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jet-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While at UCLA Jules Stein Eye Institute, Bath established the <a href="/wiki/Keratoprosthesis" title="Keratoprosthesis">Keratoprosthesis</a> Program to provide advanced surgical treatment for blind patients. The program continues today as the KPRO and thousands of patients have had their eyesight restored with this innovative technology. Based on her research and achievements with keratoprosthesis, Bath was chosen to lead the first national keratoprosthesis study in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1983, Bath was appointed Chair of the KING-DREW-UCLA Ophthalmology Residency Program, becoming the first woman in the US to head an ophthalmology residency program.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While at UCLA, Bath had wanted to pursue research, though being denied the grants and resources by the National Institutes of Health and the National Eye Institute. It was then she had decided to look further for the best laboratories in the world, to support her plans for innovation in the world of ophthalmology.<sup id="cite_ref-LessonsIveLearned_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LessonsIveLearned-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1986, Bath elected to take a <a href="/wiki/Sabbatical" title="Sabbatical">sabbatical</a> from clinical and administrative responsibilities and concentrate on research.<sup id="cite_ref-Green_Obituary_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green_Obituary-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She resigned her position as chair of ophthalmology and followed her research pursuits as visiting professor at centers of excellence in France, England and Germany. In France, she served as visiting professor at the Rothschilde Eye Institute of Paris with Director, <a href="/wiki/Dani%C3%A8le_Aron-Rosa" title="Danièle Aron-Rosa">Daniele Aron-Rosa</a>. In England, she served as visiting professor with Professor Emmony at the Loughborough Institute of Technology. In Germany, she served as visiting professor at the University of Free Berlin and the laser medical center. </p><p>In 1993, Bath retired from UCLA, which subsequently elected her the first woman on its honorary staff.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bath served as a professor of ophthalmology at Howard University's School of Medicine and as a professor of <a href="/wiki/Telemedicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Telemedicine">telemedicine</a> and ophthalmology at <a href="/wiki/St._Georges_University" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Georges University">St. Georges University</a><sup id="cite_ref-Jet_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jet-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mosca_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mosca-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ophthalmology training program.<sup id="cite_ref-WOC_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WOC-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Being a strong advocate for telemedicine, Bath had supported the innovation of virtual labs, as a part of the curriculum in ophthalmology residency training programs, to provide surgeons with more realistic experience, made possible by <a href="/wiki/3D_imaging" class="mw-redirect" title="3D imaging">3D imaging</a>. In an article written by Bath, in the Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, she had proven that with better training and supervision in residency programs, students were able to achieve better results in their surgeries, leading to greater visual acuity.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bath lectured internationally and authored over 100 papers.<sup id="cite_ref-WOC_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WOC-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blindness_studies_and_community_ophthalmology">Blindness studies and community ophthalmology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Blindness studies and community ophthalmology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Based on her observations at Harlem Hospital, Bath published the first scientific paper showing the higher prevalence of blindness among Blacks.<sup id="cite_ref-Bath1979_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bath1979-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bath also found that African American people had eight times higher prevalence of <a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" title="Glaucoma">glaucoma</a> as a cause of blindness.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on her research, Bath pioneered the discipline of <a href="/wiki/Community_Ophthalmology" class="mw-redirect" title="Community Ophthalmology">community ophthalmology</a> in 1976<sup id="cite_ref-Logan_Williams2018_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Logan_Williams2018-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after observations of epidemics rates of preventable blindness among under-served populations in urban areas in the US as well as under-served populations in third-world countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Bath1979_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bath1979-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Community ophthalmology was described as a new discipline in medicine promoting eye health and blindness prevention through programs using methodologies of <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a>, <a href="/wiki/Community_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Community medicine">community medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">ophthalmology</a> to bring necessary eye care to under-served populations.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Humanitarian_work">Humanitarian work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Humanitarian work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bath's main humanitarian efforts are at the American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness(AIPB). Co-founded in 1976 with Alfred Cannon, an American psychiatrist and community organizer, and Aaron Ifekwunigwe, a Nigerian-born pediatrician and human rights advocate, the organization was created on the principle that "eyesight was a basic human right." Through this organization, Bath spread eye care worldwide by providing newborns with free eye drops, vitamins, and vaccinations against diseases that can cause blindness, including <a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">measles</a>. Bath spent her time as director traveling the world performing surgeries, teaching and lecturing at colleges.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AmericanInstitute_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericanInstitute-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bath claims her "personal best moment" was while she was in North Africa and using <a href="/wiki/Keratoprosthesis" title="Keratoprosthesis">keratoprosthesis</a>, was able to restore the sight of a woman who been blind for over 30 years.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With AIPB, Bath traveled to <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> in 2005, where cataracts were the main cause of childhood blindness.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Africa, AIPB provided computers and other digital resources for visually impaired students, specifically at the Mwereni School for the Blind in Tanzania and St. Oda School for the Visually Impaired in Kenya.<sup id="cite_ref-AmericanInstitute_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericanInstitute-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bath was recognized for her philanthropic work in the field of ophthalmology by President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>. In 2009 she was on stage with President Obama, and was appointed to commission for digital accessibility to blind children.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2019, Bath testified in a hearing called the "Trailblazers and Lost Einsteins: Women Inventors and the Future of American Innovation" at the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Office_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Office Building">Senate Office Building</a> in Washington D.C. Bath discussed gender disparities in the <a href="/wiki/STEM" class="mw-redirect" title="STEM">STEM</a> and lack of female inventors.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inventions">Inventions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Inventions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1986, Bath did research in the laboratory of <a href="/wiki/Dani%C3%A8le_Aron-Rosa" title="Danièle Aron-Rosa">Danièle Aron-Rosa</a>, a pioneer researcher in lasers and ophthalmology at Rothschild Eye Institute of Paris,<sup id="cite_ref-AAO_interview_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAO_interview-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and then at the Laser Medical Center in Berlin, where she was able to begin early studies in laser <a href="/wiki/Cataract_surgery" title="Cataract surgery">cataract surgery</a>, including her first experiment with <a href="/wiki/Excimer_laser" title="Excimer laser">excimer laser</a> <a href="/wiki/Laser_ablation" title="Laser ablation">photoablation</a> using human eye bank eyes.<sup id="cite_ref-AAO_interview_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AAO_interview-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bath coined the term "laser phaco" for the process, short for laser photoablative cataract surgery,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and developed the laser phaco probe, a medical device that improves on the use of lasers to remove cataracts, and "for ablating and removing cataract lenses". Bath first had the idea for this type of device in 1981, but did not apply for a patent until several years later.<sup id="cite_ref-Dr._Patricia_Bath_remembers_inventing_the_laser_phaco_probe_pt._1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dr._Patricia_Bath_remembers_inventing_the_laser_phaco_probe_pt._1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The device was completed in 1986 after Bath conducted research on lasers in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> and patented in 1988,<sup id="cite_ref-PatentUS4744360_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PatentUS4744360-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making her the first African-American woman to receive a patent for a medical purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-Henderson_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henderson-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The device — which quickly and nearly painlessly dissolves the <a href="/wiki/Cataract" title="Cataract">cataract</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a>, irrigates and cleans the eye and permits the easy insertion of a new <a href="/wiki/Lens_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lens (anatomy)">lens</a> — is used internationally to treat the disease.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bath continued to improve the device and successfully restored vision to people who had been unable to see for decades.<sup id="cite_ref-Jet_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jet-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stewart_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bath holds five patents in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-patents_list_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patents_list-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three of Bath's five patents relate to the Laserphaco Probe.<sup id="cite_ref-Jet_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jet-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, she was granted a patent for a method for using pulsed <a href="/wiki/Ultrasound" title="Ultrasound">ultrasound</a> to remove cataracts,<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 2003 a patent for combining laser and ultrasound to remove cataracts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_U.S._patents">List of U.S. patents</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: List of U.S. patents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>U.S. patent 4744360, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4744360">Apparatus for ablating and removing cataract lenses</a>", issued May 17, 1988</li> <li>U.S. patent 5843071, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US5843071">Method and apparatus for ablating and removing cataract lenses</a>" issued December 1, 1998</li> <li>U.S. patent 5919186, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US5919186">Laser apparatus for surgery of cataractous lenses</a>", issued July 6, 1999.</li> <li>U.S. patent 6083192, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US6083192">Pulsed ultrasound method for fragmenting/emulsifying and removing cataractous lenses</a>, issued July 4, 2000.</li> <li>U.S. patent 6544254, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US6544254?oq=patent:6544254">Combination ultrasound and laser method and apparatus for removing cataract lenses</a>", issued April 8, 2003.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Honors and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1995: <a href="/wiki/NAACP_Legal_Defense_and_Educational_Fund" title="NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund">NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund</a>'s Black Woman of Achievement Award<sup id="cite_ref-StGeorgesUniversity_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StGeorgesUniversity-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2000: Smithsonian Museum's Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation included her in the Innovative Lives program<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Women%27s_Association" title="American Medical Women's Association">American Medical Women's Association</a> induction into Hall of Fame<sup id="cite_ref-LessonsIveLearned_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LessonsIveLearned-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Tubman_Museum" title="Tubman Museum">Tubman</a>'s Sheila Award<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2011: Dr. Bath was interviewed for the American Academy of Ophthalmology's Museum of Vision oral history collection that "preserves the memories and experiences of people whose lives are an inspiration."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012: Tribeca Film Festival Disruptive Innovation Award<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013: Association of Black Women Physicians Lifetime Achievement Award for Ophthalmology Contributions<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dr._Patricia_Bath_–_Just_another_WordPress_site_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dr._Patricia_Bath_–_Just_another_WordPress_site-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2014: Alpha Kappa Alpha Presidential Award for Health and medical Sciences<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2014: Howard University Charter Day Award for Distinguished Achievement in Ophthalmology and Medicine<sup id="cite_ref-Dr._Patricia_Bath_–_Just_another_WordPress_site_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dr._Patricia_Bath_–_Just_another_WordPress_site-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2017: Medscape one of 12 "Women Physicians who Changed the Course of American Medicine"<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2017: <i>Time Magazine</i> "Firsts: Women Who Are Changing the World” for being the first to invent and demonstrate laserphaco cataract surgery<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2017: Hunter College Hall of Fame induction<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2018: New York Academy of Medicine John Stearns Medal for Distinguished Contributions in Clinical Practice, for invention of laserphaco cataract surgery<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2018: Alliance for Aging research: Silver Innovator Award for contributions and research towards blindness prevention<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2021, it was announced that she would be one of the first two black women (along with <a href="/wiki/Marian_Croak" title="Marian Croak">Marian Croak</a>) to be inducted into the <a href="/wiki/National_Inventors_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Inventors Hall of Fame">National Inventors Hall of Fame</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Dr. Bath had also been a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Surgeons" title="American College of Surgeons">American College of Surgeons</a> from 1976 to 1989, a fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Ophthalmology" title="American Academy of Ophthalmology">American Academy of Ophthalmology</a>, as well as a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Cataract_and_Refractive_Surgery" title="American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery">American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Research_in_Vision_and_Ophthalmology" title="Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology">Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-StGeorgesUniversity_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StGeorgesUniversity-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bath has been honored by two of her universities. Hunter College placed her in its "hall of fame" in 1988 and Howard University declared her a "Howard University Pioneer in Academic Medicine" in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several books for young people have been published about her life and work in science, including "Patricia’s Vision: The Doctor Who Saved Sight" by Michelle Lord;<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Patricia Bath and Laser Surgery" by Ellen Labrecqua,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "The Doctor with an Eye for Eyes: The Story of Dr. Patricia Bath" by Julia Finley Mosca,<sup id="cite_ref-mosca_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mosca-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was cited by both the National Science Teachers Association and the Chicago Public Library's list of best children's books of the year. She is also the subject of a short play, "The Prize (about Dr. Patricia Bath)" by Cynthia L. Cooper<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women_in_science" title="Timeline of women in science">Timeline of women in science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_inventors_and_scientists" title="List of African-American inventors and scientists">List of African-American inventors and scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alpha_Kappa_Alpha_sisters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Alpha Kappa Alpha sisters">List of Alpha Kappa Alpha sisters</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGenzlinger2019" class="citation web cs1">Genzlinger, Neil (June 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/04/obituaries/dr-patricia-bath-dead.html">"Dr. Patricia Bath, 76, Who Took On Blindness and Earned a Patent, Dies"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dr.+Patricia+Bath%2C+76%2C+Who+Took+On+Blindness+and+Earned+a+Patent%2C+Dies&rft.date=2019-06-04&rft.aulast=Genzlinger&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F06%2F04%2Fobituaries%2Fdr-patricia-bath-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-patents_list-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-patents_list_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-patents_list_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=pts&hl=en&q=ininventor:Patricia+ininventor:E+ininventor:Bath&num=10">Patricia E. Bath</a>, Google patent search. Retrieved February 24, 2019.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AmericanInstitute-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AmericanInstitute_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AmericanInstitute_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AmericanInstitute_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blindnessprevention.org/about.php">"American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness"</a>. <i>blindnessprevention.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blindnessprevention.org&rft.atitle=American+Institute+for+the+Prevention+of+Blindness&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blindnessprevention.org%2Fabout.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsonJane_Wilson2003" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Donald; Jane Wilson (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FVhFX0VC4FMC&q=%22The%20Pride%20of%20African%20American%20History%22%20%22Patricia%20Bath%22&pg=PA25"><i>The Pride of African American History</i></a>. AuthorHouse. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4107-2873-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4107-2873-9"><bdi>978-1-4107-2873-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pride+of+African+American+History&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-4107-2873-9&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.au=Jane+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFVhFX0VC4FMC%26q%3D%2522The%2520Pride%2520of%2520African%2520American%2520History%2522%2520%2522Patricia%2520Bath%2522%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIMH-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_26.html">"Dr. Patricia E. Bath"</a>. <i>Changing the Face of Medicine</i>. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Changing+the+Face+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Dr.+Patricia+E.+Bath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fchangingthefaceofmedicine%2Fphysicians%2Fbiography_26.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lambert-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambert2007" class="citation journal cs1">Lambert, Laura (September 1, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6Is_rosCeKUC&q=%22Laura%20Lambert%22%20%22Inventors%20and%20inventions%22%20%22Patricia%20Bath%22&pg=PA70">"Patricia Bath: Inventor of laser cataract surgery"</a>. <i>Inventors and Inventions</i>. <b>1</b>. Marshall Cavendish: 69–74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7763-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-7763-1"><bdi>978-0-7614-7763-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inventors+and+Inventions&rft.atitle=Patricia+Bath%3A+Inventor+of+laser+cataract+surgery&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=69-74&rft.date=2007-09-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-7763-1&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6Is_rosCeKUC%26q%3D%2522Laura%2520Lambert%2522%2520%2522Inventors%2520and%2520inventions%2522%2520%2522Patricia%2520Bath%2522%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biocom-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biocom_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biocom_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/people/patricia-bath-21038525">"Patricia Bath – Inventor, Doctor, educator"</a>. <i>Biography.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography.com&rft.atitle=Patricia+Bath+%E2%80%93+Inventor%2C+Doctor%2C+educator&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Fpatricia-bath-21038525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goodmorningamerica.com/wellness/story/revolutionary-ophthalmologist-dr-patricia-bath-shake-off-haters-53357320">"Ground breaking African American female doctor says she had to 'shake off haters' on her way to success"</a>. <i>ABC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 11,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Ground+breaking+African+American+female+doctor+says+she+had+to+%27shake+off+haters%27+on+her+way+to+success&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgoodmorningamerica.com%2Fwellness%2Fstory%2Frevolutionary-ophthalmologist-dr-patricia-bath-shake-off-haters-53357320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGenzlinger2019" class="citation news cs1">Genzlinger, Neil (June 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/04/obituaries/dr-patricia-bath-dead.html">"Dr. Patricia Bath, 76, Who Took On Blindness and Earned a Patent, Dies"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dr.+Patricia+Bath%2C+76%2C+Who+Took+On+Blindness+and+Earned+a+Patent%2C+Dies&rft.date=2019-06-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Genzlinger&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F06%2F04%2Fobituaries%2Fdr-patricia-bath-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pioneers-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pioneers_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarmerShepherd-Wynn2012" class="citation book cs1">Farmer, Vernon L.; Shepherd-Wynn, Evelyn (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O8tEwW7E8PIC"><i>Voices of Historical and Contemporary Black American Pioneers</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 21–22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313392252" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313392252"><bdi>978-0313392252</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voices+of+Historical+and+Contemporary+Black+American+Pioneers&rft.pages=21-22&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0313392252&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=Vernon+L.&rft.au=Shepherd-Wynn%2C+Evelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO8tEwW7E8PIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henderson-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Henderson_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Henderson_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Henderson_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson1998" class="citation book cs1">Henderson, Susan K. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=giau6wTGOfcC&q=%22African-American%20Inventors%20III%22%20%22Patricia%20Bath%22&pg=PA9"><i>African-American Inventors III</i></a>. Capstone Press. pp. 9–13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56065-698-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56065-698-2"><bdi>978-1-56065-698-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African-American+Inventors+III&rft.pages=9-13&rft.pub=Capstone+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-56065-698-2&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Susan+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgiau6wTGOfcC%26q%3D%2522African-American%2520Inventors%2520III%2522%2520%2522Patricia%2520Bath%2522%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2011" class="citation book cs1">Williams, James Henry (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xxwdp7M0odwC&q=%22African%20American%20Inventors%20and%20Pioneers%22%20%22Patricia%20Bath%22&pg=PA45"><i>African American Inventors and Pioneers</i></a>. Xlibris Corporation. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4568-4000-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4568-4000-6"><bdi>978-1-4568-4000-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+American+Inventors+and+Pioneers&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Xlibris+Corporation&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4568-4000-6&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=James+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxxwdp7M0odwC%26q%3D%2522African%2520American%2520Inventors%2520and%2520Pioneers%2522%2520%2522Patricia%2520Bath%2522%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsmundsen1959" class="citation news cs1">Osmundsen, John S (August 31, 1959). "28 Science-Minded Teen-Agers Report on Summer of Research: Such Heady Stuff as the Metabolism of Tritiated Thymidine in Mice Fails to faze Special Yeshiva Group". <i>The New York Times</i>. Proquest.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=28+Science-Minded+Teen-Agers+Report+on+Summer+of+Research%3A+Such+Heady+Stuff+as+the+Metabolism+of+Tritiated+Thymidine+in+Mice+Fails+to+faze+Special+Yeshiva+Group.&rft.date=1959-08-31&rft.aulast=Osmundsen&rft.aufirst=John+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ten_Young_Women-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ten_Young_Women_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ten_Young_Women_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/491214922">"Teen-age Scientist Is Named One of 'The Ten Young Women of the Year'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a></span>. Atlanta Daily World. Proquest. December 31, 1960. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/491214922">491214922</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Teen-age+Scientist+Is+Named+One+of+%27The+Ten+Young+Women+of+the+Year%27&rft.date=1960-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F491214922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChamberlain2012" class="citation web cs1">Chamberlain, Gaius (November 26, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blackinventor.com/patricia-bath/">"Patricia Bath | The Black Inventor Online Museum"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patricia+Bath+%7C+The+Black+Inventor+Online+Museum&rft.date=2012-11-26&rft.aulast=Chamberlain&rft.aufirst=Gaius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblackinventor.com%2Fpatricia-bath%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazique1968" class="citation journal cs1">Mazique, E. C. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2611562">"Health services and the Poor People's Campaign"</a>. <i>Journal of the National Medical Association</i>. <b>60</b> (4): 332–333. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2611562">2611562</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5661208">5661208</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Health+services+and+the+Poor+People%27s+Campaign&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=332-333&rft.date=1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2611562%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5661208&rft.aulast=Mazique&rft.aufirst=E.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2611562&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.influential-women.com/health/patricia-bath">"Patricia Bath | Influential Women"</a>. <i>Influential Women</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Influential+Women&rft.atitle=Patricia+Bath+%7C+Influential+Women&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.influential-women.com%2Fhealth%2Fpatricia-bath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LessonsIveLearned-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LessonsIveLearned_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LessonsIveLearned_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LessonsIveLearned_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theophthalmologist.com/business-profession/lessons-ive-learned">"Lessons I've Learned"</a>. <i>The Ophthalmologist</i>. September 7, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Ophthalmologist&rft.atitle=Lessons+I%27ve+Learned&rft.date=2016-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheophthalmologist.com%2Fbusiness-profession%2Flessons-ive-learned&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jet-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jet_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jet_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jet_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jet_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Modern Black Inventors". <i><a href="/wiki/Jet_(magazine)" title="Jet (magazine)">Jet</a></i>. <b>101</b> (7): 55. February 4, 2002. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-5996">0021-5996</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Modern+Black+Inventors&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=55&rft.date=2002-02-04&rft.issn=0021-5996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AbUDAAAAMBAJ">pdf at google books</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aquavella J.; Bath, P.; Buxton, G.; Cardona, H.; Dohlman, C.; Farris, L.; Girard, L.; McNeil, J.; Polack, F.; Waring, G. and; Also, D. Willard.; Helmsen, R.; Binder, P.; Groden, L. and; Fogle, J., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lww.com/corneajrnl/citation/1983/02030/round_table_discussion.12.aspx">"Keratoprosthesis Conference"</a>, <i>Cornea</i>, September 1983, Volume 2, Issue 3, pp. 229–236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Green_Obituary-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Green_Obituary_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2019" class="citation journal cs1">Green, Andrew (August 10, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2819%2931684-8">"Patricia Bath"</a>. <i>The Lancet</i> (Obituary). <b>394</b> (10197): 464. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2819%2931684-8">10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31684-8</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0140-6736">0140-6736</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=Patricia+Bath&rft.volume=394&rft.issue=10197&rft.pages=464&rft.date=2019-08-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2819%2931684-8&rft.issn=0140-6736&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0140-6736%252819%252931684-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mosca-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mosca_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mosca_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMosca2017" class="citation book cs1">Mosca, Julia Finley (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theinnovationpress.com/thedoctorwithaneyeforeyes"><i>The Doctor with an Eye for Eyes: The Story of Dr. Patricia Bath (Amazing Scientist)</i></a>. The Innovation Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781943147311" title="Special:BookSources/9781943147311"><bdi>9781943147311</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Doctor+with+an+Eye+for+Eyes%3A+The+Story+of+Dr.+Patricia+Bath+%28Amazing+Scientist%29&rft.pub=The+Innovation+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781943147311&rft.aulast=Mosca&rft.aufirst=Julia+Finley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theinnovationpress.com%2Fthedoctorwithaneyeforeyes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WOC-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WOC_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WOC_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroup1997" class="citation journal cs1">Group, Career Communications (October–November 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u74L5QqENbYC&q=%221997%20Women%20of%20Color%22%20%22U.S.%20Black%20Engineer%20%26%20IT%22&pg=PA42">"1997 Women of Color"</a>. <i>U.S. Black Engineer & IT</i>: 42. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1088-3444">1088-3444</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Black+Engineer+%26+IT&rft.atitle=1997+Women+of+Color&rft.pages=42&rft.date=1997-10%2F1997-11&rft.issn=1088-3444&rft.aulast=Group&rft.aufirst=Career+Communications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du74L5QqENbYC%26q%3D%25221997%2520Women%2520of%2520Color%2522%2520%2522U.S.%2520Black%2520Engineer%2520%2526%2520IT%2522%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last1=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBath1998" class="citation journal cs1">Bath, Patricia E. (June 1998). "Cataract Surgery Training of Residents in an Urban and Virtual Environment". <i>Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery</i>. <b>24</b> (6): 727–729. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0886-3350%2898%2980118-1">10.1016/S0886-3350(98)80118-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0886-3350">0886-3350</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9642577">9642577</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7409725">7409725</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cataract+%26+Refractive+Surgery&rft.atitle=Cataract+Surgery+Training+of+Residents+in+an+Urban+and+Virtual+Environment&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=727-729&rft.date=1998-06&rft.issn=0886-3350&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A7409725%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9642577&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0886-3350%2898%2980118-1&rft.aulast=Bath&rft.aufirst=Patricia+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bath1979-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bath1979_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bath1979_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBath1979" class="citation journal cs1">Bath, Patricia E. (February 1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2537323">"Rationale for a program in community ophthalmology"</a>. <i>J Natl Med Assoc</i>. <b>71</b> (2): 145–8. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2537323">2537323</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/423288">423288</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Natl+Med+Assoc&rft.atitle=Rationale+for+a+program+in+community+ophthalmology&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=145-8&rft.date=1979-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2537323%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F423288&rft.aulast=Bath&rft.aufirst=Patricia+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2537323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bath, Patricia E. (October 1990). "Blacks at Greater Risk of Blindness," <i>Archives of Ophthalmology</i>, 108, pp. 1377–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKermode-Scott2019" class="citation journal cs1">Kermode-Scott, Barbara (July 19, 2019). "Patricia Bath: ophthalmologist, inventor, and humanitarian". <i>BMJ</i>: l4768. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.l4768">10.1136/bmj.l4768</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0959-8138">0959-8138</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:199609085">199609085</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=Patricia+Bath%3A+ophthalmologist%2C+inventor%2C+and+humanitarian&rft.pages=l4768&rft.date=2019-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A199609085%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0959-8138&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.l4768&rft.aulast=Kermode-Scott&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Logan_Williams2018-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Logan_Williams2018_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"U.S. Ophthalmologist, Dr. Patricia E. Bath first defined the term community ophthalmology in her 1976 presentation to the American Public Health Association meeting in Miami, Florida." Source: Logan D. A. Williams, "Introduction", <i>Eradicating Blindness: Global Health Innovation from South Asia,</i> Springer, August 20, 2018, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bath, Patricia E. (May 1978). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blindnessprevention.org/index_htm_files/Blindness%20Prevention%20Programs.pdf">Blindness Prevention Through Program in Community Ophthalmology in Developing Countries</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>", <i>Excerpts Media Series 442</i>, Amsterdam, Oxford CCIII International Congress of Ophthalmology, 1913–1915.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennon2017" class="citation book cs1">Kennon, Caroline (December 15, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yn5mDwAAQBAJ&q=patricia+bath+harlem+hospital+1969&pg=PA83"><i>Hidden No More: African American Women in STEM Careers</i></a>. Greenhaven Publishing LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5345-6243-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5345-6243-1"><bdi>978-1-5345-6243-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hidden+No+More%3A+African+American+Women+in+STEM+Careers&rft.pub=Greenhaven+Publishing+LLC&rft.date=2017-12-15&rft.isbn=978-1-5345-6243-1&rft.aulast=Kennon&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYn5mDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dpatricia%2Bbath%2Bharlem%2Bhospital%2B1969%26pg%3DPA83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Dr. Patricia Bath's genius helped eye doctors". <i>Philadelphia Tribune</i>. February 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philadelphia+Tribune&rft.atitle=Dr.+Patricia+Bath%27s+genius+helped+eye+doctors.&rft.date=2017-02-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowman2005" class="citation journal cs1">Bowman, R. J. C. (October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.eye.6701988">"How should blindness in children be managed?"</a>. <i>Eye</i>. <b>19</b> (10): 1037–1043. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.eye.6701988">10.1038/sj.eye.6701988</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-5454">1476-5454</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16304582">16304582</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eye&rft.atitle=How+should+blindness+in+children+be+managed%3F&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1037-1043&rft.date=2005-10&rft.issn=1476-5454&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16304582&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsj.eye.6701988&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=R.+J.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fsj.eye.6701988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPresident2009" class="citation book cs1">President, United States (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qLtpqKA7ANYC&q=patricia+bath+ophthalmology&pg=PA201"><i>Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States</i></a>. Federal Register Division, National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Public+Papers+of+the+Presidents+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=Federal+Register+Division%2C+National+Archives+and+Records+Service%2C+General+Services+Administration&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=President&rft.aufirst=United+States&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqLtpqKA7ANYC%26q%3Dpatricia%2Bbath%2Bophthalmology%26pg%3DPA201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/trailblazers-and-lost-einsteins-women-inventors-and-the-future-of-american-innovation">"Trailblazers and Lost Einsteins: Women Inventors and the Future of American Innovation | United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary"</a>. <i>www.judiciary.senate.gov</i>. April 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.judiciary.senate.gov&rft.atitle=Trailblazers+and+Lost+Einsteins%3A+Women+Inventors+and+the+Future+of+American+Innovation+%7C+United+States+Senate+Committee+on+the+Judiciary&rft.date=2019-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.judiciary.senate.gov%2Fmeetings%2Ftrailblazers-and-lost-einsteins-women-inventors-and-the-future-of-american-innovation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AAO_interview-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AAO_interview_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAO_interview_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">American Academy of Ophthalmology, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aao.org/Assets/faca82f2-d78e-4844-862e-171431aac204/636430635852570000/higginbotham-and-bath-pdf?inline=1">Conversation Between Patricia Bath, MD and Eve Higginbotham, MD</a>, Orlando, FL, October 23, 2011. Retrieved February 24, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bath, P. E., "Laserphaco: an introduction and review," <i>Ophthalmic Laser Therapy</i>, Vol 3, no. 2 (1988), pp. 75–82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dr._Patricia_Bath_remembers_inventing_the_laser_phaco_probe_pt._1-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dr._Patricia_Bath_remembers_inventing_the_laser_phaco_probe_pt._1_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://da.thehistorymakers.org/story/643475">"Dr. Patricia Bath remembers inventing the laser phaco probe pt. 1"</a>. <i>The History Makers</i>. November 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+History+Makers&rft.atitle=Dr.+Patricia+Bath+remembers+inventing+the+laser+phaco+probe+pt.+1&rft.date=2012-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fda.thehistorymakers.org%2Fstory%2F643475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PatentUS4744360-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PatentUS4744360_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patricia E. Bath, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4744360">US Patent 4,744,360</a>, <i>Apparatus for ablating and removing cataract lenses</i>, issued May 17, 1988 (filed December 18, 1986). Retrieved February 24, 2019,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stewart-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stewart_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2005" class="citation book cs1">Stewart, David (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7mg6T2yzCPcC&q=%22What's%20the%20Big%20Idea%3F%22%20%22Patricia%20Bath%22&pg=PA57"><i>What's the Big Idea?</i></a>. Salariya Publishers. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904642-56-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904642-56-5"><bdi>978-1-904642-56-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What%27s+the+Big+Idea%3F&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Salariya+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-904642-56-5&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7mg6T2yzCPcC%26q%3D%2522What%27s%2520the%2520Big%2520Idea%253F%2522%2520%2522Patricia%2520Bath%2522%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StGeorgesUniversity-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StGeorgesUniversity_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StGeorgesUniversity_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sgu.edu/wcc-speaker/patricia-e-bath-january-1999/">"Patricia E. Bath, January 1999"</a>. <i>St. George's University</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210902074605/https://www.sgu.edu/wcc-speaker/patricia-e-bath-january-1999/">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Museum+of+Vision%3A+Biographies&rft.date=2017-03-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuseumofvision.org%2Fbios%2F%3Fkey%3D69%26subkey%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.disruptorawards.com/2012-honoree-blog/2017/1/19/laserphaco-dr-patricia-bath">"Dr. Patricia Bath – Laserphaco"</a>. <i>Disruptor Awards</i>. January 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Disruptor+Awards&rft.atitle=Dr.+Patricia+Bath+%E2%80%93+Laserphaco&rft.date=2017-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.disruptorawards.com%2F2012-honoree-blog%2F2017%2F1%2F19%2Flaserphaco-dr-patricia-bath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Association of Black Women Physicians. (2020). Virtual 39th Annual Charity and Scholarship Benefit. [Program].<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.blackwomenphysicians.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ABWP-2020-BOOK-updated-10-22.pdf">https://www.blackwomenphysicians.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ABWP-2020-BOOK-updated-10-22.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dr._Patricia_Bath_–_Just_another_WordPress_site-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dr._Patricia_Bath_–_Just_another_WordPress_site_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dr._Patricia_Bath_–_Just_another_WordPress_site_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drpatriciabath.com/honors/">"Honors – Dr. Patricia Bath"</a>. <i>Dr. Patricia Bath – Just another WordPress site</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dr.+Patricia+Bath+%E2%80%93+Just+another+WordPress+site&rft.atitle=Honors+%E2%80%93+Dr.+Patricia+Bath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdrpatriciabath.com%2Fhonors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theshadowleague.com/the-distinguished-women-of-alpha-kappa-alpha/">"The Distinguished Women of Alpha Kappa Alpha"</a>. <i>The Shadow League</i>. January 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Shadow+League&rft.atitle=The+Distinguished+Women+of+Alpha+Kappa+Alpha&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheshadowleague.com%2Fthe-distinguished-women-of-alpha-kappa-alpha%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medscape.com/features/slideshow/women-physicians#page=13">"Medscape: Medscape Access"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medscape%3A+Medscape+Access&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medscape.com%2Ffeatures%2Fslideshow%2Fwomen-physicians%23page%3D13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/collection/firsts/4898565/patricia-bath-firsts/">"THE INVENTOR: Patricia Bath | First person to invent and demonstrate laserphaco cataract surgery"</a>, Firsts, <i>Time</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/communications/pressroom/news/hispanic-federation-president-jose-calderon-inducted-into-the-hunter-college-hall-of-fame-by-hunter-college-president-jennifer-j.-raab">"Hispanic Federation President Jose Calderón Inducted Into The Hunter College Hall of Fame by Hunter College President Jennifer J. Raab"</a>, Hunter College.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyam.org/events/event/171st-anniversary-discourse-awards-and-annual-meeting-voting-fellows/">"The 171st Anniversary Discourse & Awards and Annual Meeting of the Voting Fellows"</a>, The New York Academy of Medicine, November 1, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agingresearch.org/event/2018dinner/awardees/">"25th Annual Bipartisan Congressional Awards Dinner"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190112044350/https://www.agingresearch.org/event/2018dinner/awardees/">Archived</a> January 12, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Alliance for Aging Research, October 2, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScottie_Andrew2021" class="citation web cs1">Scottie Andrew (September 28, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/28/us/inventors-hall-of-fame-first-black-women-scn-cec/index.html">"Black women will be inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame for the first time"</a>. CNN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Black+women+will+be+inducted+into+the+National+Inventors+Hall+of+Fame+for+the+first+time&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2021-09-28&rft.au=Scottie+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F09%2F28%2Fus%2Finventors-hall-of-fame-first-black-women-scn-cec%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLord2020" class="citation book cs1">Lord, Michelle (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unionsquareandco.com/9781454931379/"><i>Patricia's Vision: The Doctor Who Saved Sight</i></a>. Sterling Children’s Books. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1454931379" title="Special:BookSources/978-1454931379"><bdi>978-1454931379</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patricia%27s+Vision%3A+The+Doctor+Who+Saved+Sight&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Sterling+Children%E2%80%99s+Books&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1454931379&rft.aulast=Lord&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unionsquareandco.com%2F9781454931379%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLabrecqua2017" class="citation book cs1">Labrecqua, Ellen (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cherrylakepublishing.com/shop/show/50780"><i>Patricia Bath and Laser Surgery</i></a> (21st Century Junior Library ed.). Cherry Lake Publishing. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781634721806" title="Special:BookSources/9781634721806"><bdi>9781634721806</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patricia+Bath+and+Laser+Surgery&rft.pages=24&rft.edition=21st+Century+Junior+Library&rft.pub=Cherry+Lake+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781634721806&rft.aulast=Labrecqua&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcherrylakepublishing.com%2Fshop%2Fshow%2F50780&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper" class="citation web cs1">Cooper, Cynthia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newplayexchange.org/plays/1652547/prize-about-dr-patricia-bath">"The Prize (about Dr. Patricia Bath)"</a>. <i>NPX: National New Play Network</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPX%3A+National+New+Play+Network&rft.atitle=The+Prize+%28about+Dr.+Patricia+Bath%29&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewplayexchange.org%2Fplays%2F1652547%2Fprize-about-dr-patricia-bath&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APatricia+Bath" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laserphaco.net/">Laserphaco – Bath's website containing information relevant to the technique</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110504234732/http://www.blackinventor.com/pages/patricia-bath.html">Bath at the Black Inventor Online Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aao.org/Assets/faca82f2-d78e-4844-862e-171431aac204/636430635852570000/higginbotham-and-bath-pdf?inline=1">Interview</a> by the American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2011</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blindnessprevention.org/about.php">American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness</a> – a nonprofit organization founded by Bath</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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