CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91361864edc8d083',cH: 'KqRpRVfvrOk.sZhUx3M2Efo1Q2pc3uz_wUF.C5peBKY-1739798641-1.2.1.1-ctg6Au8uN5Wh87O_Dio4W4lSS6i1ZcC_purB1mgONFaAgWMRHLc0MBe82aoMRUdy',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=shungite&__cf_chl_tk=KcsOqIbYIAa12P0Qde5Kide28voJb4.9pa22XxZB2kc-1739798641-1.0.1.1-Ro11ehUl73eqZgNAc3O.mQCDcVUE5V_809ZcH1v_uTM",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739798641',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=shungite&__cf_chl_f_tk=KcsOqIbYIAa12P0Qde5Kide28voJb4.9pa22XxZB2kc-1739798641-1.0.1.1-Ro11ehUl73eqZgNAc3O.mQCDcVUE5V_809ZcH1v_uTM",md: "ZaN2T039V49xP.RnaR6x0ugtmeCSQEHEmnE2srKBYKA-1739798641-1.2.1.1-BlnfJDAv7w4YkOfqdEohZAUBTPORwZiUcAeuiYKsTNocn.y4vKEyuaItJjCkS2bXlolHFsE722j8U97qxvk3GtT.uR34l.eLGfb2_iz0UoJyTmFDnqgvg7v825KBjvNnAFHmoUbx33FdDSJfXN8gIb7Px3ppJG0GcjmFt9ztWS0lx2.0A2bB92A25whrPn_I5I2i4PzaVxNMf.sa75fY4W1Ndr7ynk_uw32Z6qxT6L_nUZBrWmpePzcd.iAREhpcSPa5COOxtlAD4KZIMBas.SILwERwhmlsPUZ_ysHRpfKn981guqAuk7qD1VC8xfNPRHG1.hDSP2qp304MQjEFLDJ9E3BAtJub89cMmm92R1wV5XhvNOInaQEvRu8jcbOma8at5g8lMiLDijUVvITi55nIBLCuTgYfvW.Tmkadg55c7RCacnQcfJb_6eTF9huWVaUpDGf3WkekaICHyC6dQilMYe2aN.O0smlC2003lmsjW40w.Qd_BgioflYJ3yaBrAJ7tzm.CkD1RqfKzCV0sra72.M8_VjX5p9.HJ63WIyD91VGFufacYCP1GfN2GIdy2IbHS6mHnp.E7pzdsepWo.nf.kXquZ_3EC1.K4VSENwD2Qqzm8FMzGsHPHa5QKIX2MTHwCIEHnznU4PG2Eppg_wGJmcYL2HPO_ORnQjt1Mg7kGpEfP9fEUdwgGaAP5DRWqHSJlqwNoOoXuMqn5eJWohdp6CR81dQ9C7Dv_rk9cphi6KDcdP_GwsdvuuBONBcqsNzHI63cPfCcsm75FVuI7ZvAmVTp4pVt7ZIVrwiRX7FwOEvxAyV6N8Rm1ZmyqTRo6TPqJjVwF5EqDQgaOEfAbJMqvMOuuAfUDVD1rUTpLK0jml9z4JbiIMUnbqlCAb5aPDRJJEv1j3ATzAkI_0OzDHjUoC.aHBdwIMajLSdSzeLI6ukPtKWpexPFvnF87EtBqcfV_udt8i9dJREx2LEYUtyWawyP6iWpu4Rn58qXZtbYT6i2kBbvmkZUssNpDVeJykpweuLqWJG_B0H6Y5FBolW5f0ep4ekZMd9OAPfFg8iAEjlbQeIlxA6mV_k67o.BRvnmJMWlfc0h.shROa80J2G5HhOw1eZNVDWY84W0qE96pLyILqSzFXtYnAjfHevli9I3aMadONaV0tzdQyOFB17oTm4oLsUNJ9h0KC8jisdtnyfJ7rYHvt0FwPXqKuenHnZDaEVAOLQ3ct4sgsDK3CJI0MkJKl0XNgnBWP1PPxUWQ2itmp9INAdWKNna0Ha0ZW3Y9ckCWp5l58cy8w2_NBRTMceR6tAGzLCeu5gOJG5HOZU8L5OAdSdoANQvc9ZhUeC1PVmNw31qcco7V0fV7dD.AZRE_rsKsfgXHpCIkDcY01HHLBmWcOHJg4L1FgSMOmzFotAet5ReS_vpz.u.VoUaI2_2wSXSXCPzn6QPhPyyc383zIcSSPTzQvRLPYeHFLbQmsyDHYLIBbsfcuRXxUyDLPrR5IWq.LPKeSHQtZDK1HGLBxwNqzpgUerMGhaOwQ37I4.Z2j.kNRs1lqEShKaW0RCWE2KQwlSG7Y54zi15inPQpQZj7urfYLT1wfQzBO6fCW9l1sgrNSXI1rMhciXGrjjOgBXnGlxBI21izO27mQCk772zw5_vwl804ZM1dmzM.6D8WTwD3h_YVqCSBs_7.ffrXYR9sntumug3u.nKU9u5nzj.pFAWzzI.qDVAf__p.r1zTL0qJp0a.UNDmZ9HlPKzAxPotXvbK2fAnMN0Ubows41lw6RH7yOhHE6fw2n14JlCg60ZEpE2TAGl8fVWR4TYeHy_1ysmZV5uJVR9P49r8cugNMPtkufnbOERWvFIqJc6VFkoTV5wUFSEnFwLyBG6ym00PQfDtmr76uCsR50ghFFKXgRTMQlUsTlcz86uv8ixCnuJrzqaU4Dg",mdrd: "GvBWBl_hLZBC.6PMGTsOzr2wo_f8ceoMpgqfhyNVdp0-1739798641-1.2.1.1-dv.8VyjU2vMW.Bo4LrOQ3hvPqByz2Nkdr2JQJzBIkclz9TCJVkS9RsiLQiqKFzlxgQsH3r3uDlxu.2E3gbQ0yhAmNjeg0RVt5rcMO3QlEuPDuG29KmvFUTW.a_H2W_6.spUh0W1Kavi_C2gGSpv.89nVJ0zjyl3DjhDj4mSyPgGryYIO8_llBGTVRVSdzYFc5JxTGhmmp81hh4jt1_A24rqLbSeW.8Hy6jUXLxTW9S94bwW.URnsMPPM_ody_Jq_al.4q5YR.Q53N1bi9TdXo0dNeUpT0zK.v5hRapFhLnvDKgvn0CZDczAmpEPCx0PNLDMwzxGy86vcpHgBR6wQXq4n6JSozY67dNGbzDcOULqNSgWVruNpC6owlwea6qLlDkjdu_7jCntsJZGZh0BdcA4xijVKXVxbXvdYsG44i_BBu8YsXHnf8cr9GdNcEnbZB.smZdWZ6NqPnYe.nT3f1HOXV43JXj.Fbxs9jzNnmAGeiFCKcuQKGMyYnIwrTe8M2sa5lMDM7wcy81H4gKR1e9bPpMSsWwGgSVV4IGV6fGCSDfhbcx5JvvqBZsauKDkq5gwpPX48QwXhhNTUbUkKmVYbVV8NhM3Mq2vsTyBGOsTWh4Pzuqs8zy4vBknU.8sdPjJS14sfJ.qvW.HIcqRtpD9R8CbGLC4SKhfbiL_7ooOAG9Vd_elaIa4vLmVUZU5yG6DL1tg3CDgLmGxUVBy2cfivQbWiRREIJ6zqQ1p8BST3JL37Uzv36uHwdaYf3CIMtaZb3hBaPaGxKBr85AzKJjaKiSJzNW2ZCnDD_UD.rz3CSZjCJtKTadLYlnXZ30jExt.75DnHQaCIS1DxTZjgO_A2d.A50A.bfa16BDK2K5LnOn.sGIlzeTyPFFGH0WMFRAFJwFTiJESdopEQS16RSA0zXsLplGw4lWsrJqOVE3zl6f.lOqJ9GTV5uI8QstLXITPHxsU3FW6cQdm.BW9S4Pnz0Vb.lvKUsHDQj8MSdc2NF1LdMskN_nVU0vAQfcz1WWhcohjmsRKK4FWlF1.5sxAgCDVJUBTUgj7sOXOtlNKsCP45bcdBPjgmOVugjtisx8a.rJ1sC4PDixlWOtRmZpY9gcAnlcIi9Mniro3iveYV3kJqCvtW3ORIJ6dXux8zTRhYQwu6A.aI5aBXHQSNHIHTcaaITyd.4GPkuek5YNULVGt6Kg2LkeVmk0FB8LL6tvVgLsYZE3.hfy.izfEnhgO14icWxs0f3EyJqwk1MXhAwKo5.ES_5FcMud1mCjo2V6NZQmmSE3lL4SiLJFsrVAmUK4gIIk0MvzcPgzcXnswS8p14mBP6ZehSdluSy2kdZjfHVNf.tVbJoAIxKOHohMhpaadFKuUo5zrNvxTDgJmI3G__UlNLkUpbNbCShdQb.XLihfSP7xfdKi3SPPICEyAUXe3nDGT1He6qzOKU4xEk15KwpEagpsVJfs3plNzH6UB5Rwra6NUSpFfYReTwx3R5dZIIHk8A7hK4Ea0ZE75SHnYYKk7cOul8GLL5yIqXnn7ygyk.fpHskWVLNo3NyVx1dmLxotQNw0iPRQG6ot179XjiDcGHeWYVRB2SegTtUOBKxaoAl.M25yKAK7U6v_GcHQJr0JC3MCw8htUmOC7av41VX9mGuLjY_zhqhyqubPpP29HQ3a7uW_olyZhaYOiVIInbA2WutxPn_jon24dgoTjG2ylu1lrTWcFhD_v4_b4BB7jRWnOmoKhHMv9IBCo1qpVd6v1c_zrcTABovTFutHD2kpBIWliPQJ4YxQe8pj4WiWC_siXCby2DxsbXwbD.X.32B.oeTvjdWtVXWemMAybrN63KrVlB8vuo8HvJV_PhtHQiKs_FcAxxaxpqsv5Lt3uq7aCioM2o1Cpk019nMino4tL8IKFcCzXj1G2HAykuZpBZvyw5vxVIVn5TRd30AorXQpnRdg6sYkldHv_dl3hAQpCT3vfnFD6Ll3Rw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91361864edc8d083';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=shungite&__cf_chl_rt_tk=KcsOqIbYIAa12P0Qde5Kide28voJb4.9pa22XxZB2kc-1739798641-1.0.1.1-Ro11ehUl73eqZgNAc3O.mQCDcVUE5V_809ZcH1v_uTM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>