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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British Army officer</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">John Geoffrey Appleyard</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Captain_Geoffrey_Appleyard_Profile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Captain_Geoffrey_Appleyard_Profile.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="180" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Captain Geoffrey Appleyard</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">"Apple"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1916-12-20</span>)</span>20 December 1916<br /><a href="/wiki/Bramley,_Leeds" title="Bramley, Leeds">Bramley, Leeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">13 July 1943<span style="display:none">(1943-07-13)</span> (aged 26)<br />Near <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commemorated at</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Cassino_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassino Memorial">Cassino Memorial</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1939–1943</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Major_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major (United Kingdom)">Major</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em"><a href="/wiki/Service_number" title="Service number">Service number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">86639</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/No._7_Commando" title="No. 7 Commando">No. 7 Commando</a><br /><a href="/wiki/No._62_Commando" title="No. 62 Commando">No. 62 Commando</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">2nd Special Air Service</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/No._62_Commando" title="No. 62 Commando">Small Scale Raiding Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Savannah" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Savannah">Operation Savannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Postmaster" title="Operation Postmaster">Operation Postmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dryad" title="Operation Dryad">Operation Dryad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Basalt" title="Operation Basalt">Operation Basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Chestnut" title="Operation Chestnut">Operation Chestnut</a>  <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">Distinguished Service Order</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">Military Cross</a> & <a href="/wiki/Medal_bar" title="Medal bar">Bar</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Geoffrey Appleyard</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100;"><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">DSO</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100;"><a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">MC</a> & <a href="/wiki/Medal_bar" title="Medal bar">Bar</a></span></span> (20 December 1916 – 13 July 1943) was a <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> officer, who served in the <a href="/wiki/British_Commandos" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commandos">Commandos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">Special Air Service</a> during the Second World War. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Appleyard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Appleyard was born in <a href="/wiki/Bramley,_Leeds" title="Bramley, Leeds">Bramley, Leeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a>, the son of John Ernest Appleyard, a successful motor engineer, and Mary Elizabeth Northrop.<sup id="cite_ref-unithistories_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unithistories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His brother <a href="/wiki/Ian_Appleyard" title="Ian Appleyard">Ian</a> became a successful rally driver.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Geoffrey grew up in <a href="/wiki/Linton,_West_Yorkshire" title="Linton, West Yorkshire">Linton, West Yorkshire</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was educated at <a href="/wiki/Bootham_School" title="Bootham School">Bootham School</a> in <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he combined academic success with natural history and roof-climbing. At <a href="/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge" title="Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge">Caius College, Cambridge</a>, he obtained a <a href="/wiki/First_class_degree" class="mw-redirect" title="First class degree">first</a> in Engineering and a <a href="/wiki/Blue_(university_sport)" title="Blue (university sport)">skiing blue</a>, while he was also his college's Captain of Boats, and competed as a highly successful international skier.<sup id="cite_ref-yorkshireeveningpost_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yorkshireeveningpost-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_service">Military service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Appleyard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Appleyard was commissioned into the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Army_Service_Corps" title="Royal Army Service Corps">Royal Army Service Corps</a> (Supplementary Reserve) on 1 April 1939 with the rank of <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant" title="Second lieutenant">second lieutenant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mobilised for active service on 24 August 1939,<sup id="cite_ref-unithistories_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unithistories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he commanded an RASC mobile motor repair workshop as part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_II)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War II)">British Expeditionary Force</a> in northern France. During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a> he was ordered to destroy all his vehicles, and then was <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">evacuated from Dunkirk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Appleyard volunteered to join the Commandos in late 1940,<sup id="cite_ref-unithistories_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unithistories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was posted to B Troop, <a href="/wiki/No._7_Commando" title="No. 7 Commando">No. 7 Commando</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was promoted to the war substantive rank of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">lieutenant</a> on 1 January 1941<sup id="cite_ref-unithistories_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unithistories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in May, now an acting captain, was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">Military Cross</a> for his "gallant and distinguished services in the field",<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after taking part in an operation by boat and submarine to pick up two <a href="/wiki/Operation_Savanna" title="Operation Savanna">Operation Savanna</a> agents on the coast of France and bring them back to England.<sup id="cite_ref-yorkshireeveningpost_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yorkshireeveningpost-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Appleyard then served aboard the 62-foot (19 m) <a href="/wiki/Ketch" title="Ketch">ketch</a>-rigged <a href="/wiki/Brixham_trawler" title="Brixham trawler">Brixham trawler</a> <i>Maid Honour</i>, which sailed to the coast of West Africa, spending six months reporting on enemy submarine activity and carrying out clandestine raids.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highlight of the assignment was <a href="/wiki/Operation_Postmaster" title="Operation Postmaster">Operation Postmaster</a>, in which the Italian liner <i><a href="/wiki/Duchessa_d%27Aosta" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchessa d'Aosta">Duchessa d'Aosta</a></i> and the German tug <i>Likomba</i> were boarded and towed from the neutral Spanish island of <a href="/wiki/Bioko" title="Bioko">Fernando Po</a> and taken to Nigeria.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his return he was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Medal_bar" title="Medal bar">Bar</a> to his Military Cross.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the success of "Postmaster", the "Maid Honour Force" was expanded (though it never numbered more than 55 men at any time) and renamed the "Small Scale Raiding Force", though its official designation was <a href="/wiki/No._62_Commando" title="No. 62 Commando">No. 62 Commando</a>, under the operational control of <a href="/wiki/Combined_Operations_Headquarters" title="Combined Operations Headquarters">Combined Operations Headquarters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-historylearningsite_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historylearningsite-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Appleyard took part in many SSRF raids on the coast of occupied France, landing in small boats from motor launches, compelling the Germans to reinforce their defences along hundreds of miles of coastline, and diverting significant numbers of troops from combat duties elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, an injury prevented him from going ashore in the disastrous <a href="/wiki/Operation_Aquatint" title="Operation Aquatint">Operation Aquatint</a>, on 12 September 1942, when an attack at <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Honorine-des-Pertes" title="Sainte-Honorine-des-Pertes">Sainte-Honorine-des-Pertes</a>, Normandy, went badly wrong and half the 10-man force were captured, and the other half killed, including the SSRF's commanding officer Major <a href="/wiki/Gus_March-Phillipps" title="Gus March-Phillipps">Gustavus March-Phillipps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-yorkshireeveningpost_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yorkshireeveningpost-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its failure stemmed in part from Appleyard mistaking the landing beach, though he never knew that.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Appleyard took command of the SSRF,<sup id="cite_ref-historylearningsite_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historylearningsite-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and led 10 men of the SSRF and <a href="/wiki/No._12_Commando" title="No. 12 Commando">No. 12 Commando</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-commandoveterans_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commandoveterans-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on <a href="/wiki/Operation_Basalt" title="Operation Basalt">Operation Basalt</a>, landing on the Channel island of <a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a> on the night of 3/4 October 1942. Five Germans were taken prisoner, but when one shouted a warning he was shot dead. With the enemy now alerted, the raiders returned to the beach with the remaining four prisoners. En route, three of them attempted to escape and were killed.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, an enraged Hitler issued the infamous <i>Kommandobefehl</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Commando_Order" title="Commando Order">Commando Order</a>"), stating that all captured Commandos were to be shot without exception.<sup id="cite_ref-commandoveterans_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-commandoveterans-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further operations followed, and on 15 December 1942 Appleyard was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">Distinguished Service Order</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On meeting the now Temporary Major Appleyard at his third investiture in eleven months, <a href="/wiki/George_VI_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George VI of the United Kingdom">King George VI</a> was both amused and impressed, greeting him with: "What, you again?"<sup id="cite_ref-yorkshireeveningpost_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yorkshireeveningpost-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Appleyard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The SSRF was disbanded in April 1943,<sup id="cite_ref-historylearningsite_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historylearningsite-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but many of its members were transferred to Algeria, where they formed the nucleus of Bill Stirling's new 2nd <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">Special Air Service</a>, of which Appleyard was appointed second-in-command.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the night of 12/13 July 1943, during the <a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a>, Appleyard supervised the dropping of a group of SAS paratroopers north of <a href="/wiki/Randazzo" title="Randazzo">Randazzo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Chestnut" title="Operation Chestnut">Operation Chestnut</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth_Albemarle" title="Armstrong Whitworth Albemarle">Albemarle</a> aircraft disappeared on the return flight over the Mediterranean, and Appleyard was declared missing presumed dead.<sup id="cite_ref-yorkshireeveningpost_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yorkshireeveningpost-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had probably been shot down by friendly fire. He is commemorated at the <a href="/wiki/Cassino_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassino Memorial">Cassino Memorial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-unithistories_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unithistories-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Describing him, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Peniakoff" title="Vladimir Peniakoff">Vladimir "Popski" Peniakoff</a> said, "He was one of the few officers who had developed the technique of the small scale raid: the care he took of his men made him stand out among brother officers who were too excited by the prospect of adventure to think of anybody, but their own selves."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_depictions">Cultural depictions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Appleyard&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cultural depictions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2024 movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ministry_of_Ungentlemanly_Warfare" title="The Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare">The Ministry of Ungentlemanly Warfare</a></i>, Geoffrey is portrayed by British actor <a href="/wiki/Alex_Pettyfer" title="Alex Pettyfer">Alex Pettyfer</a>. The movie portrays a heavily fictionalized version of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Postmaster" title="Operation Postmaster">Operation Postmaster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Appleyard&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_disappeared_mysteriously_at_sea" title="List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea">List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoffrey_Appleyard&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-unithistories-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unithistories_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unithistories_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unithistories_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unithistories_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unithistories_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHans_HoutermanJeroen_Koppes" class="citation web cs1">Hans Houterman; Jeroen Koppes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unithistories.com/officers/Army_officers_A06.html">"Officers of the British Army 1939–1945 (Anderson to Appleyard)"</a>. <i>unithistories.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unithistories.com&rft.atitle=Officers+of+the+British+Army+1939%E2%80%931945+%28Anderson+to+Appleyard%29&rft.au=Hans+Houterman&rft.au=Jeroen+Koppes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unithistories.com%2Fofficers%2FArmy_officers_A06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeoffrey+Appleyard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLean1998" class="citation web cs1">Lean, Mary (16 June 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituaryian-appleyard-1165285.html">"Obituary: Ian Appleyard"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Ian+Appleyard&rft.date=1998-06-16&rft.aulast=Lean&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fobituaryian-appleyard-1165285.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeoffrey+Appleyard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown, Gordon</a> (3 November 2008). <i>Wartime Courage: Stories of Extraordinary Courage by Ordinary People in World War Two</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-9607-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-9607-3"><bdi>978-0-7475-9607-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wartime+Courage%3A+Stories+of+Extraordinary+Courage+by+Ordinary+People+in+World+War+Two&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2008-11-03&rft.isbn=978-0-7475-9607-3&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeoffrey+Appleyard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodland2011" class="citation book cs1">Woodland, Jenny (2011). <i>Bootham School Register</i>. 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