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class="vector-toc-link" href="#President"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>President</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bureau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bureau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Bureau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bureau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الهوية والديمقراطية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الهوية والديمقراطية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identitat_i_Democr%C3%A0cia" title="Identitat i Democràcia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Identitat i Democràcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identita_a_demokracie" title="Identita a demokracie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Identita a demokracie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppen_Identitet_og_Demokrati" title="Gruppen Identitet og Demokrati – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gruppen Identitet og Demokrati" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraktion_Identit%C3%A4t_und_Demokratie" title="Fraktion Identität und Demokratie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fraktion Identität und Demokratie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9F%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CE%A4%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κοινοβουλευτική Ομάδα Ταυτότητας και Δημοκρατίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοινοβουλευτική Ομάδα Ταυτότητας και Δημοκρατίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identidad_y_Democracia" title="Identidad y Democracia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Identidad y Democracia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identeco_kaj_Demokratio" title="Identeco kaj Demokratio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Identeco kaj Demokratio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identit%C3%A9_et_d%C3%A9mocratie" title="Identité et démocratie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Identité et démocratie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B2%B4%EC%84%B1%EA%B3%BC_%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="정체성과 민주주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="정체성과 민주주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identitet_i_demokracija" title="Identitet i demokracija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Identitet i demokracija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identit%C3%A0_e_Democrazia" title="Identità e Democrazia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Identità e Democrazia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%94%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%94" title="זהות ודמוקרטיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זהות ודמוקרטיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identit%C3%A1s_%C3%A9s_Demokr%C3%A1cia" title="Identitás és Demokrácia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Identitás és Demokrácia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identiteit_en_Democratie" title="Identiteit en Democratie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Identiteit en Democratie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%87%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%81%A8%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="アイデンティティと民主主義 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイデンティティと民主主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identitet_og_demokrati" title="Identitet og demokrati – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Identitet og demokrati" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C5%BCsamo%C5%9B%C4%87_i_Demokracja" title="Tożsamość i Demokracja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tożsamość i Demokracja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identidade_e_Democracia" title="Identidade e Democracia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Identidade e Democracia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identitate_%C8%99i_Democra%C8%9Bie" title="Identitate și Democrație – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Identitate și Democrație" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Идентичность и демократия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Идентичность и демократия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identiteta_in_demokracija" title="Identiteta in demokracija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Identiteta in demokracija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Идентитет и демократија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Идентитет и демократија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identiteetti_ja_demokratia" title="Identiteetti ja demokratia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Identiteetti ja demokratia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppen_Identitet_och_demokrati" title="Gruppen Identitet och demokrati – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gruppen Identitet och demokrati" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%96_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Ідентичність і демократія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ідентичність і демократія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E5%90%8C%E8%88%87%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="認同與民主 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="認同與民主" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q64590677#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the European Parliament group. For the political party of the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Democracy_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity and Democracy Party">Identity and Democracy Party</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background:#efefef"><b><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European Parliament group</a></b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ID_Group_Logo_EN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/ID_Group_Logo_EN.svg/300px-ID_Group_Logo_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/ID_Group_Logo_EN.svg/450px-ID_Group_Logo_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/ID_Group_Logo_EN.svg/600px-ID_Group_Logo_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4289" data-file-height="993" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">English abbr.</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">ID</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formal name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Identity and Democracy Group</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ideology</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a><sup id="cite_ref-newName_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newName-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a><sup id="cite_ref-EU-logos_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EU-logos-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a><sup id="cite_ref-newName_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newName-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><b>Faction:</b></li><li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarianism</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European parties</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Democracy_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity and Democracy Party">Identity and Democracy Party</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">From</th><td class="infobox-data">13 June 2019</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">To</th><td class="infobox-data">8 July 2024</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom" title="Europe of Nations and Freedom">Europe of Nations and Freedom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patriots_for_Europe" title="Patriots for Europe">Patriots for Europe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Sovereign_Nations_Group" title="Europe of Sovereign Nations Group">Europe of Sovereign Nations</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chaired by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marco_Zanni" title="Marco Zanni">Marco Zanni</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idgroup.eu/">www<wbr />.idgroup<wbr />.eu</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Identity and Democracy</b> (French: <i lang="fr">Identité et démocratie</i>, <b>ID</b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a><sup id="cite_ref-other-far-right_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-other-far-right-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ap_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reuters_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardian_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reuters_2024_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters_2024-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-politico_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Political_group_of_the_European_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Political group of the European Parliament">political group of the European Parliament</a>, launched on 13 June 2019 for the <a href="/wiki/Ninth_European_Parliament" title="Ninth European Parliament">Ninth European Parliament</a> term. It comprised <a href="/wiki/Far_right_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Far right politics">far right</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">right-wing populist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Eurosceptic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a> national parties from six European states.<sup id="cite_ref-newName_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newName-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the successor to the <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom" title="Europe of Nations and Freedom">Europe of Nations and Freedom</a> group formed during the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_European_Parliament" title="Eighth European Parliament">eighth term</a> and almost all of its members merged into the <a href="/wiki/Patriots_for_Europe" title="Patriots for Europe">Patriots for Europe</a> group formed during the <a href="/wiki/Tenth_European_Parliament" title="Tenth European Parliament">tenth term</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Identity_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019_European_Parliament_elections">2019 European Parliament elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Identity_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 2019 European Parliament elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Danish_People%27s_Party" title="Danish People's Party">Danish People's Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Finns_Party" title="Finns Party">Finns Party</a> (at the time members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">European Conservatives and Reformists</a>) announced their intention to form a new grouping with <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a>, formerly of the <a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">ECR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom" title="Europe of Nations and Freedom">ENF</a> and <a href="/wiki/EFDD" class="mw-redirect" title="EFDD">EFDD</a> groups, and Italy's <a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">League</a> following the 2019 elections.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AfD spokesman <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6rg_Meuthen" title="Jörg Meuthen">Jörg Meuthen</a> appeared alongside <a href="/wiki/Northern_League_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern League (Italy)">Northern League</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Salvini" title="Matteo Salvini">Matteo Salvini</a> to formally announce the formation of the new European political alliance with the Finns Party and Danish People's Party which was provisionally named <i>European Alliance for People and Nations</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 12 June 2019, it was announced that the group would be named "Identity and Democracy" (ID), include Italy's <a href="/wiki/Lega_(political_party)" title="Lega (political party)">League</a> (LSP), the French <a href="/wiki/National_Rally_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rally (France)">National Rally</a> (RN) and <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> as member parties, and be a successor to the <a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom" title="Europe of Nations and Freedom">Europe of Nations and Freedom</a> (ENF).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Finns_Party" title="Finns Party">Finns Party</a> also joined the group.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lega MEP <a href="/wiki/Marco_Zanni" title="Marco Zanni">Marco Zanni</a> was announced as the new group's chairman.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group, composed at that time of 73 MEPs, was launched in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> by RN leader <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a> on 13 June 2019. It was expanded to include former ENF members <a href="/wiki/Vlaams_Belang" title="Vlaams Belang">Vlaams Belang</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Austria" title="Freedom Party of Austria">Freedom Party of Austria</a>, as well the new <a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Freedom and Direct Democracy">Freedom and Direct Democracy</a> (SPD) party from the Czech Republic and the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_People%27s_Party_of_Estonia" title="Conservative People's Party of Estonia">Conservative People's Party of Estonia</a> (EKRE).<sup id="cite_ref-reuters_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ap_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dutch <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a> (PVV) failed to secure any seats at the election; however, it gained one in the <a href="/wiki/Apportionment_in_the_European_Parliament#2019_election" title="Apportionment in the European Parliament">post-Brexit apportionment of seats</a>. Before Brexit occurred, Party leader <a href="/wiki/Geert_Wilders" title="Geert Wilders">Geert Wilders</a> stated his intention to align the PVV with ID, provided that the post-Brexit apportionment was confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PVV MEP <a href="/wiki/Marcel_de_Graaff" title="Marcel de Graaff">Marcel de Graaff</a> subsequently took the seat, but in 2022 defected to the <a href="/wiki/Forum_for_Democracy" title="Forum for Democracy">Forum for Democracy</a>, citing his support for the FvD's policies against the COVID-19 vaccine. The FvD accordingly changed its affiliation from the ECR group to Identity and Democracy. </p><p>In 2023, the FvD was suspended from the group after de Graaf shared messages on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> supportive of Putin following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> and later quit the group citing difference in views on the matter.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although political commentators have noted the group contains members who have called for Europe to open up relations with Putin's government, the group has taken a pro-Ukraine stance and voted in support of a motion in the European Parliament to condemn "Russian aggression against Ukraine" following the Russian invasion of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Finns_Party" title="Finns Party">Finns Party</a> changed membership to the <a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">European Conservatives and Reformists</a> group citing their change in policy to support NATO membership as the reason for the move.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2024_European_Parliament_elections">2024 European Parliament elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Identity_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2024 European Parliament elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ahead of the <a href="/wiki/2024_European_Parliament_election" title="2024 European Parliament election">2024 European Parliament election</a>, AfD lead candidate <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Krah" title="Maximilian Krah">Maximilian Krah</a> made controversial statements on the <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a> in an interview which was met with anger within the group.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, National Rally spokespeople <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Bardella" title="Jordan Bardella">Jordan Bardella</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Parmentier" title="Caroline Parmentier">Caroline Parmentier</a> announced they would part ways with <a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a> after the election and not include the AfD in the group due to Krah's remarks and allegations of Chinese espionage influence on the party.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The League's leader <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Salvini" title="Matteo Salvini">Matteo Salvini</a> and the Czech <a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Freedom and Direct Democracy">Freedom and Direct Democracy</a> subsequently backed the position taken by the National Rally, with both parties saying they would terminate collaboration with the AfD after the election.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vlaams_Belang" title="Vlaams Belang">Vlaams Belang</a> criticized Krah's statements with VB MEP <a href="/wiki/Gerolf_Annemans" title="Gerolf Annemans">Gerolf Annemans</a> calling Krah "increasingly problematic" but declined to immediately expel and cut cooperation with AfD, instead arguing that they would wait until after the election before making a decision.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Danish People's Party issued an ultimatum that the AfD could only remain in the ID group on the condition of Krah's expulsion with MEP <a href="/wiki/Anders_Vistisen" title="Anders Vistisen">Anders Vistisen</a> stating that the AfD should purge extremist elements if the two parties were to keep working together.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Chega_(political_party)" title="Chega (political party)">Chega</a>, a member of the ID Party, described the RN’s decision as a “game changer” and suggested it would now consider joining the <a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">European Conservatives and Reformists</a> group or a new merged European Parliament group.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Estonian <a href="/wiki/EKRE" class="mw-redirect" title="EKRE">EKRE</a> and the Austrian <a href="/wiki/FP%C3%96" class="mw-redirect" title="FPÖ">FPÖ</a> supported removing Krah but opposed the expulsion of the entire AfD faction. After an internal meeting and vote, the Identity and Democracy board subsequently voted in favour of ejecting the AfD, with group leader <a href="/wiki/Marco_Zanni" title="Marco Zanni">Marco Zanni</a> citing Krah's interview, as well as reports of Chinese and Russian influence on the AfD. The AfD consequently moved to <a href="/wiki/Non-inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-inscrits">non-inscrits</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the decision, the AfD said that Krah would not be permitted to sit with the AfD faction in the European Parliament after the election and that they would negotiate to rejoin Identity and Democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, AfD failed in a bid to rejoin, with ID leaders making the decision not to re-admit the party.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 28 June, Freedom and Direct Democracy announced it would leave the group to form a new group called "<a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Sovereign_Nations_Group" title="Europe of Sovereign Nations Group">Europe of Sovereign Nations</a>", citing disagreements with other ID members on the <a href="/wiki/European_Green_Deal" title="European Green Deal">European Green Deal</a>, immigration, censorship and Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This new group is described as being led by the AfD.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 June, the Freedom Party of Austria also announced it would leave ID to form a new group called "<a href="/wiki/Patriots_for_Europe" title="Patriots for Europe">Patriots for Europe</a>", alongside <a href="/wiki/Fidesz" title="Fidesz">Fidesz</a> and <a href="/wiki/ANO_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="ANO 2011">ANO 2011</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after, Chega, a member of the ID Party, also announced it would join "Patriots for Europe" instead of the ID group.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Freedom" title="Party for Freedom">Party for Freedom</a>'s leader, <a href="/wiki/Geert_Wilders" title="Geert Wilders">Geert Wilders</a>, also announced his party would join the new group,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by the <a href="/wiki/Danish_People%27s_Party" title="Danish People's Party">Danish People's Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vlaams_Belang" title="Vlaams Belang">Vlaams Belang</a>, which both said they would also join.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The League stated that it was strongly considering joining,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the National Rally entered "advanced talks" to discuss joining.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 July 2024, the League and the National Rally also left the group to join Patriots for Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Identity_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The group lists its core priorities as protecting European cultural heritage and the sovereignty of European nations, creating jobs and growth, increasing security, stopping illegal immigration, regulating legal immigration, fighting EU bureaucracy and preventing what it describes as the potential Islamisation of Europe. Identity and Democracy also opposes the possible <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Turkey to the European Union">accession of Turkey to the European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group calls for a Europe based on cooperation and further reforms of the EU through "more transparency and accountability" at Brussels, but rejects any further evolution towards a <a href="/wiki/European_Superstate" class="mw-redirect" title="European Superstate">European Superstate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Political commentators have variously described Identity and Democracy as <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populist" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing populist">right-wing populist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">anti-immigrant</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-newName_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newName-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Eurosceptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurosceptic">Eurosceptic</a>, although the group emphasises itself as <a href="/wiki/Souverainism" class="mw-redirect" title="Souverainism">sovereigntist</a> as opposed to "anti-European".<sup id="cite_ref-EU-logos_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EU-logos-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="MEPs">MEPs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Identity_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: MEPs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="9th_European_Parliament">9th European Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Identity_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 9th European Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Identity_and_Democracy_European_MEPs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Identity_and_Democracy_European_MEPs.svg/267px-Identity_and_Democracy_European_MEPs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="267" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Identity_and_Democracy_European_MEPs.svg/401px-Identity_and_Democracy_European_MEPs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Identity_and_Democracy_European_MEPs.svg/534px-Identity_and_Democracy_European_MEPs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Identity and Democracy has MEPs in 7 member states. Dark blue indicates member states sending multiple MEPs, light blue indicates member states sending a single MEP.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_European_Parliament_(2019%E2%80%932024)" title="List of members of the European Parliament (2019–2024)">List of members of the European Parliament (2019–2024)</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr> <th>State </th> <th>National party </th> <th colspan="2"><span class="nowrap">European party</span> </th> <th>MEPs<sup id="cite_ref-auto_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Austria" title="Freedom Party of Austria">Freedom Party of Austria</a><br /><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs</i></span> <i>(FPÖ)</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#0E408A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Democracy_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity and Democracy Party">ID Party</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 19</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0E408A; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vlaams_Belang" title="Vlaams Belang">Flemish Interest</a><br /><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Vlaams Belang</i></span> <i>(VB)</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#0E408A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Democracy_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity and Democracy Party">ID Party</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 21</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0E408A; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Freedom and Direct Democracy">Freedom and Direct Democracy</a><br /><span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">Svoboda a přímá demokracie</i></span> <i>(SPD)</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#0E408A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Democracy_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity and Democracy Party">ID Party</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 21</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0E408A; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Danish_People%27s_Party" title="Danish People's Party">Danish People's Party</a><br /><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">Dansk Folkeparti</i></span> <i>(DF)</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#999999; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><i>None</i> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 14</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #999999; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Conservative_People%27s_Party_of_Estonia" title="Conservative People's Party of Estonia">Conservative People's Party of Estonia</a><br /><span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et">Eesti Konservatiivne Rahvaerakond</i></span> <i>(EKRE)</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#0E408A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Democracy_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity and Democracy Party">ID Party</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 7</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0E408A; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Rally</a><br /><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Rassemblement national</i></span> <i>(RN)</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#0E408A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Democracy_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity and Democracy Party">ID Party</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 79</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0E408A; width: 23%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lega_(political_party)" title="Lega (political party)">League</a><br /><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Lega</i></span> </td> <td style="background-color:#0E408A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Democracy_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity and Democracy Party">ID Party</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">22 / 76</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0E408A; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> </th> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right">Total </th> <th><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">49 / 705</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #0E408A; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Former_members">Former members</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Identity_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Former members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%"> <tbody><tr> <th>State </th> <th>National party </th> <th colspan="2"><span class="nowrap">European party</span> </th> <th colspan="2">New group </th> <th>MEPs<sup id="cite_ref-auto_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Finns_Party" title="Finns Party">Finns Party</a><br /><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Perussuomalaiset</i></span> </td> <td style="background-color:#999999; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><i>None</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#196CA8; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">ECR</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 14</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #196CA8; width: 14%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alternative_for_Germany" title="Alternative for Germany">Alternative for Germany</a><br /><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Alternative für Deutschland</i></span> <i>(AfD)</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#0E408A; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Identity_and_Democracy_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity and Democracy Party">ID Party</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#999999; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-attached_members" title="Non-attached members">NI</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 96</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #999999; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Forum_for_Democracy" title="Forum for Democracy">Forum for Democracy</a><br /><i>Forum voor Democratie (FvD)</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#999999; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><i>None</i> </td> <td style="background-color:#999999; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-attached_members" title="Non-attached members">NI</a> </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 29</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #999999; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Identity_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President">President</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Identity_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: President"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">President </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Country<br />(Constituency) </th> <th>Party </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Marco_Zanni" title="Marco Zanni">Marco Zanni</a></b> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marco_Zanni_2019_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Marco_Zanni_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-Marco_Zanni_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Marco_Zanni_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/105px-Marco_Zanni_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Marco_Zanni_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Marco_Zanni_2019_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="808" /></a></span> </td> <td>2 July<br />2019 </td> <td>8 July<br />2024 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/North-West_Italy_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="North-West Italy (European Parliament constituency)">North-West</a>) </td> <td><br /><a href="/wiki/Lega_(political_party)" title="Lega (political party)">Lega</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bureau">Bureau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Identity_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bureau"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Group bureau during the 9th European Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:150px;">Position </th> <th style="width:150px;">Name </th> <th style="width:150px;">Country </th> <th style="width:150px;">Party </th></tr> <tr> <th>President </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Marco_Zanni" title="Marco Zanni">Marco Zanni</a> </td> <td>Italy </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lega_(political_party)" title="Lega (political party)">Lega</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Vice-President </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Bardella" title="Jordan Bardella">Jordan Bardella</a> </td> <td>France </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Rally</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Identity_and_Democracy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-newName-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-newName_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newName_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newName_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-newName_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2019/06/13/nationalism-in-the-eu-has-a-new-name-identity-and-democracy">"Nationalism in the EU has a new name: 'Identity and Democracy'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a></i>. 13 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=Nationalism+in+the+EU+has+a+new+name%3A+%27Identity+and+Democracy%27&rft.date=2019-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2019%2F06%2F13%2Fnationalism-in-the-eu-has-a-new-name-identity-and-democracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdentity+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EU-logos-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EU-logos_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EU-logos_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eu-logos.org/2019/06/28/identity-and-democracy-group-united-on-the-outside-divided-on-the-inside/">"Identity and Democracy Group: United on the Outside, Divided on the Inside? – Le portail de référence pour l'espace de liberté, sécurité et justice"</a>. 28 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Identity+and+Democracy+Group%3A+United+on+the+Outside%2C+Divided+on+the+Inside%3F+%E2%80%93+Le+portail+de+r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence+pour+l%27espace+de+libert%C3%A9%2C+s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9+et+justice&rft.date=2019-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eu-logos.org%2F2019%2F06%2F28%2Fidentity-and-democracy-group-united-on-the-outside-divided-on-the-inside%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdentity+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/08/generation-identity-leaders-jailed-alpine-stunt-190829165124671.html">"Far-right Generation Identity leaders jailed for Alpine stunt"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 30 August 2019. <q>The far-right grouping in the newly elected European Parliament has taken the name Identity and Democracy, in a sign of the growing influence of "identitarian" supremacist politics.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Far-right+Generation+Identity+leaders+jailed+for+Alpine+stunt&rft.date=2019-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F08%2Fgeneration-identity-leaders-jailed-alpine-stunt-190829165124671.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdentity+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-other-far-right-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-other-far-right_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-other-far-right_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRankin2019" class="citation news cs1">Rankin, Jennifer (13 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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parties form new group in European Parliament"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i>. 14 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Far-right+parties+form+new+group+in+European+Parliament&rft.date=2019-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Ffar-right-parties-form-new-group-in-european-parliament%2Fa-49189262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdentity+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2019/06/13/new-far-right-alliance-in-european-parliament">"New European far-right coalition named Identity and Democracy"</a>. <i>Euronews</i>. 13 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=New+European+far-right+coalition+named+Identity+and+Democracy&rft.date=2019-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2019%2F06%2F13%2Fnew-far-right-alliance-in-european-parliament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIdentity+and+Democracy" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStearns2019" class="citation news cs1">Stearns, Jonathan (13 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-13/far-right-faction-in-eu-parliament-is-recreated-as-bigger-force">"Far-Right Faction in EU Parliament Is Recreated as Bigger Force"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_News" title="Bloomberg News">Bloomberg</a></i>.</cite><span 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href="/wiki/Patriots_for_Europe" title="Patriots for Europe">Patriots for Europe</a> (86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives_and_Reformists_Group" title="European Conservatives and Reformists Group">European Conservatives and Reformists Group</a> (78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renew_Europe" title="Renew Europe">Renew Europe</a> (77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" title="Greens–European Free Alliance">Greens–European Free Alliance</a> (53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Left_in_the_European_Parliament_%E2%80%93_GUE/NGL" class="mw-redirect" title="The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL">The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL</a> (46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Sovereign_Nations_Group" title="Europe of Sovereign Nations Group">Europe of Sovereign Nations</a> (25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-Inscrits" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Inscrits">Non-Inscrits</a> (30)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Previous_groups" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Previous groups</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalists / far-right</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurodroite" title="Eurodroite">Eurodroite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Right_(1984%E2%80%931989)" title="European Right (1984–1989)">European Right (1984–1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Right_(1989%E2%80%931994)" title="European Right (1989–1994)">European Right (1989–1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity,_Tradition,_Sovereignty" title="Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty">Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Nations_and_Freedom" title="Europe of Nations and Freedom">Europe of Nations and Freedom (2015–2019)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Identity and Democracy (2019–2024)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National conservatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_Union" title="European Democratic Union">European Democratic Union (1965–1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Progressive_Democrats" title="European Progressive Democrats">European Progressive Democrats (1973–1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Democratic_Alliance" title="European Democratic Alliance">European Democratic Alliance (1984–1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_Europe" title="Union for Europe">Union for Europe (1995–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_for_Europe_of_the_Nations" title="Union for Europe of the Nations">Union for Europe of the Nations (1999–2009)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christian democrats / conservatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group#History" title="European People's Party Group">Christian Democrats (1953–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group#History" title="European People's Party Group">European People's Party (1979–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Conservatives" title="European Conservatives">European Conservatives (1973–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Democrats" title="European Democrats">European Democrats (1979–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forza_Europa" title="Forza Europa">Forza Europa (1994–1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_People%27s_Party_Group#History" title="European People's Party Group">European People's Party–European Democrats (1999–2009)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liberals / centrists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party_Group" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group">Liberals and Allies (1953–1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party_Group" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group">Liberals and Democrats (1976–1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party_Group" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group">Liberal and Democratic Reformist Group (1985–1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Radical_Alliance" title="European Radical Alliance">European Radical Alliance (1994–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Democrat_and_Reform_Party_Group" title="European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group">European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (1994–2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe_group" title="Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group">Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (2004–2019)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social democrats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats#History" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Socialists (1953–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats#History" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Party of European Socialists (1993–2009)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Communists / far-left</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_and_Allies_Group" title="Communist and Allies Group">Communists and Allies (1973–1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_United_Left_(1989%E2%80%931993)" title="European United Left (1989–1993)">European United Left (1989–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_Unity_(European_Parliament)" title="Left Unity (European Parliament)">Left Unity (1989–1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_United_Left_(1994%E2%80%931995)" title="European United Left (1994–1995)">European United Left (1994–1995)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greens / regionalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Group_(1984%E2%80%931989)" title="Rainbow Group (1984–1989)">Rainbow Group (1984–1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Group_(1989%E2%80%931994)" title="Rainbow Group (1989–1994)">Rainbow Group (1989–1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Group_in_the_European_Parliament" title="The Green Group in the European Parliament">Greens (1989–1999)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eurosceptics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Nations" title="Europe of Nations">Europe of Nations (1994–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independents_for_a_Europe_of_Nations" title="Independents for a Europe of Nations">Independents for a Europe of Nations (1996–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Democracies_and_Diversities" title="Europe of Democracies and Diversities">Europe of Democracies and Diversities (1999–2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence/Democracy" title="Independence/Democracy">Independence/Democracy (2004–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Democracy">Europe of Freedom and Democracy (2009–2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_of_Freedom_and_Direct_Democracy" title="Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy">Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy (2014–2019)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heterogeneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Group_of_Independents_(1979%E2%80%931984)" title="Technical Group of Independents (1979–1984)">Technical Group of Independents (1979–1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technical_Group_of_Independents_(1987)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technical Group of Independents (1987) (page does not exist)">Technical Group of Independents (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Group_of_Independents_(1999%E2%80%932001)" title="Technical Group of Independents (1999–2001)">Technical Group of Independents (1999–2001)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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