CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "pubs.aip.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9157f8073d5aa996',cH: 'Ckpwp4_aYKU4JDprCf7n8lQEFzEeG8uDkGOIJkveWXw-1740153831-1.2.1.1-Voa81C4qqQN1SUXybWzjm2JEC1zp7vFtZSf6ha8gKrr2FvBii2UZO8Vt8k6fcgVq',cUPMDTk: "\/pop\/article\/24\/11\/112504\/915414\/Transport-modeling-of-convection-dominated-helicon?__cf_chl_tk=dATZR3qsM95MtcbN0DRIZc9UdTHYvpq9AWa2uWRqX_A-1740153831-1.0.1.1-UDRiZz41KvhMOzReSMuTNAmCNJBcfiAiCSfQ0k41Wrw",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740153831',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/pop\/article\/24\/11\/112504\/915414\/Transport-modeling-of-convection-dominated-helicon?__cf_chl_f_tk=dATZR3qsM95MtcbN0DRIZc9UdTHYvpq9AWa2uWRqX_A-1740153831-1.0.1.1-UDRiZz41KvhMOzReSMuTNAmCNJBcfiAiCSfQ0k41Wrw",md: "uHxpTXOb5B9yBY7v8fSYFPNM3FUgAxmibHXsNLAwimI-1740153831-1.2.1.1-IABIkQHKUFM.Ecuj5st7STwfRW9HRMkPZ.f8z_RmxFNl12XcmBfUJ4hab_tHAXPoyIFx85znbqYE4qNSNOPpQebEZP4W0zqB6rKvaXveaF0HK3B2cesJ19bA4qO6lDXfA.CHJzWBHmBpISetPNDX8SiCjoFiaMVfwm4lwyNSMMvdBxLxxo8VAne.Fdmyjd_tYMoaKPsgiz.eS.sJOG_CkksV4729RLXNB1Pd.m49uB1M0lXIAXBBjWtWQXz37_ri5x4C1y8FjHjp2XqF1sB8jc5PQrx.xX9e6EKaJpxdKHfytICJa12ROg9ik2NIstirULPrjJ7z_rJSnFJNaB0ZXsmjVRrbWx47Q2dBlROSHYLOXwATvajIPM9ybTQ5y4uqABpHE8qH3xUJonjfyCTZ_OU2It5Tgp.Dvl60oQihSs8IoaBGPSv320b1hrsRkbSQLdpNguhU1FqLd09U_.gwcNnzehdR1EBKzP0AXqFoKoz8TUMj3C2ZkzQuJ7vRMBsFKIMF.RRH6fJ..6b4TSNbSgE0V2LAAnwYMntqnBydJ_MltJo8y5UeTYuh2nIWWfML0Q7A7GIa7aAZI5Y8BQ2U.MMbZ2YanU8Zk_5uvM6IOMnYfVEddeL68st.juJv1RTq6oEFZIrK8nI6Os2B1G5_gfpCSoQm3N4lsV7H5dKZxO5EoXT4L4jLImSlSUNhR_GJUxn1.Asm8Qv489U.feDngStA.TSXQCWNx_NfYSkDDUWACfQxLRh8.nNT8.zyoYrx1EqNyyLGtt253vfefL8_1yelQROiBNgejGbMoO0bpJmbScFjgTbkv8qzCwpF3yzO.R.CA9R0J9ePc8q4e3UV5kDluOjxFKFK7dlo0dBAu.1JYi4rQpSsKtHcAwbEgOlcjokDWjSjgcjEb9SUmB5Xdh_pdrt36nB8VxSQVb3AqkplONZKQ7JJ7svgo1PVh53vCeYo5AZ_5zIToKKb5RQw78CyM1oEvnC5Q9dIgCLOmQcnj9DVyCk8UQq_Yq6LVZ2sxZj_idwte8tuq5oP09oVI4gH7ctuLNoS2ssYm8wx5zcBucXmCeapFYgwjC9ivZEmEAIVk_pOMpC9hTBrrQNi5lqiKhX_Ot3ABzNvdM5SUlQQnlE7Z0BdXoKk0KeDjLHBioOnnwq1SG__qExt9.qMct.QXXo36pggeO9l9o0Qud_MuVSXReP7mLBxU06gbPoi1PeXwy9XeWDoUjM3iKKUho.3JEtnJLJ8x2vQK0UV5z8iWjCDAcLyA.O4r1CT7PZDkXmQivkXQXw84Fi.PAmrdjlZhkgW.vI05JuEQ8ieb7S.hYB92t3A4_0hoWZNgo74WjPCakTOJ5n27BRZtJtKRw0hY_34eJgUOCzmMflcyZ_p4SjUSg0kPw4MVkfFaEsAyb9Y85ks3wLzZMSXmBa.QID2kLhsfmxO6v_Aqpddi0pkEvACOmgB6lL8dWr9efJEONEZA3HB6H6pWynibAfunxhvdnC1JVf6bzMQro0jFLoLIhQk7Jdcsqp_6OqGSs1LH39si_GnCRr0Rf_6qmFt6pbIPITDGAZt4d2QL0h2FPj49dndqQQGOcOfrXOuiWIjKx8_a6SZFxUzCojcujIbpvtA5PnjYr66iYwnFgoiN7AZsFxddN47u_lWM18_eKgzZ.p61bEiJvZrmmTFQxu4.LtqCKCVP2wNM5pxKQfGnmh9xPDQa5kNcGh0zeCW0XS2xP9bzWx8kCNXOaut8kpI6j3GhFy5u04bi2zellbdwIwewYPF0DQlqs7LPyELAkWc8WdFDM7LNu4VoIHM.mAJBxVwygC3nny.kM_Zm1zeg3BHjUCCAReEEG7Ck9WcEU8rrMzhxTzXLr9GQFEPdnbwBNCgG0_s4L6IdFpM7DbKFA826hCbc38qolr0GribqZO1F21.Y7_GCpVfn99vcWcttOf9F0qKcTdEOPU971eXHtXxoJIsFC0WA4dVckJl2YORQgRZmaFHihKGDU.nkzwYIu2ZlyVdo6Ocv7GhqPJPzfUSaL1XQnDr92e9fHDVQeqahpEXq1vkab7fH7RjyiS7yU5iqoFStdHg2xoAxQRmkHcjAhqo16eDfaIUlos9IpsK9RYTVKUkh.jzadO0uYAHVJdQHsviZLar2_NEsjDg4ArpMFmaH.jR8MS1sc_HQ9BdB8t5fS4V8ukqEtt_QcVNNxzKapw2xe6DVvbfwMFosGAua_qapsOLIAVUc0HPsVFXwarlMtKJUYOmQ_O2qVUzzRQkpFAaXkmwu8WiPm4ZjUCLiP9JIgNFVbV.IMhZ7qFKpt_fvneebcFMCD577.TGC7HayfqWZdJdrfToQNwBqOIMSqh0wr3Y1eaHwKeaAGrQnYUg5vTX9yb0s9o1qfPC9S9SoU8ZN.S0eonYW2eQ7tU.9n4_FONnI_DQ_cHdFnoK3k9ZE783VW3Y6m5V5aStiU2xVGH1m_C3dvYt6704wj0juR4smyfyT43hptEQvAmP6bbm2.Oz5jD.Jxg1SyREBHbbMwiq9nSscC_hofNfmiZ1p4Gut9s7H1pR6.L6LIJutolWWGMVX4xAFpMmZ2MC9bv64GQ9hFyZ6bPUHvsyKvewBB.TSgoNFAT4dRbw0V16Cu9FseUn6O1ogClbztc7CsDCfB6s_RbnCvdgNcRHHx4gCHT.I56OHH2CIBe2rfP5j6R1fmqzuDbC4wfNRWdBoRYruqpqXLtbcb75IBtpoqw",mdrd: "EQvi_VxKVW_4s8ItTUpf1qB1yQMIIKnwXR6xqgvW3E0-1740153831-1.2.1.1-GbM_bA4sYR8ckx8x.v9QNkHfp5Yqs1mRS6YAtFn3_dWzJ3cewrhUQPWI_2P8aI5kOdVFdfg4nWmgM9Nm1_mVWLnqO8QLrHg.HXFh08GfOVK6Vy_q9CRXhNCOXmIyqCr_pUefQm8CmbcLc_Ko9TG9_URARWy54oeJKAKTDQDwuC8jpG_vdD9YFzpCMuymYKt18LLd.gDWNS9OjxVDPgljxl_SESJpLJgls6x3FoCvZF2Cij9B8HV6_jJWb2VqAop9O2J_MntlenYMLcNG4MQXMR3pSbq1VU79GoVERBGfuzNnuLbVN1SwEVhlclYkqY_v2.avHAnRQUbrN7IiAuf3jDS7yz_Sr_6gF5NMdw1A1Yjm7J2iIVz5e18swMLTHqCLAkmdIsf7TWYP5J2Bfsfv1mUuSMEzJtQA9vF_VQtPJTNAoVYaWq00NIloT3RR4ERyKwtR2vuLd8HA0yvADnRfpya6aSpfhheHelxxf.7gquAL_C7bmGdncqIu6EUlIBPftjYpvpfPT8Jr3pyNHPbnScVYarcExTCjQPZYJY6NZR3CnLCnu3JvnxppNeeCA74WGyttCM_WS2fRNm_ubUAyy3.BhyM6Z42rLIDHWR2Xz7DNTi1uq0r0wfU5YWNQurLm1AmQYxLz6rPyYMX8FNUhvIhnmTIq5zt2PsIYFVImhl28prlNckMAQhZX32VvvJGa0uU.Kaa6qnQy0It0KH0LkhwIbg5w34.fbDqmo9RpyxKnV_DxsV64r4nlw7V5V2ij31yfK9f5YPmut3jXAfzzfvqU.etD9zlQVwhTlakF16WLMcZ3YOP5m3_szZ2OvYC5GnN3F9nCNxn_FKrWAjauuIlrlcULAfprzSqnVCJkNwDYyN3W1lPgw03NZVM.Pnpn9QD9tqIkMuLHNS36UvX2npBi5BBbLqW7rnspTbbBz2WnT8BnH_KhfsFZukyTa65iE6OdO024Huyc7GFUYwu.ZdpF65m8zgOCsPv2.bNO944rC6EHu2MnSheSYI09pWf0.z7bUBj1jVjiM6A1B4LeybOxVyiTqOzhFqTsQIuDiSf.VXAErjvaPAJGvRPk.bByvLq9Nuqyp6eSXm65NJUcT3n4ohCf8gD6hbD.sdIEiWqrCo0V2AcUnrSep4rroKREovZhRvh_CuZPrIZW_89kxQV0qvetzEeDe.Q7sw0VwX9l_3zvotenZ6J4DCsdx5n8KUYDJBPfSG6KbzXkvjmrbn8elQP7nnajawILXupNsQ_egR0hPSzH9I4RTnflsQ59XNIwftJVzgyybu7Ouxy14UaJcHmJ4mEJqvRWvuJ93YnwTrsDMuiGW6PqIV4hkH4Tjof3UJHgBDHfUlPd.1RoVtW80vkjLpOCKa6yGynzNgZKniBWZ9Zyc.WM0U0av4_GEkZtroSzRNtSXjxwSolx7GxNWvEYIb2SDWsmByyW3zdfNlA_ZU1DKZknu1N8rSN73Gg6bvlsigKI8jCaCfn8dfnTuGLySva.oPvutY2m9fGqzfEHAIsCtdFpImekokSh_uQFK7hDXirped9N.0I9gMfEnhAC7Z4lo9717Vbe2ldL126EQQ8nJqqXBT.ngHgLPHpJMSD07HxYgLnrgtG_QM82pXEEVVsQzdctO1NDj2dsh2SBFOsNmoJ1rgrebvIXtfOjQzjxB.rqWTaT0xlbHvwZha5U.IGoRhtPk7Coizb6WM1BI6W0Fpta9HB0SZVfEdXh19SpR6yH_.b3jlhVJxTOF8mNauxT3l2cJPhmgQQ9qXfv_YM0KPQUt5PnGRPcX_OIejSiV7E_KZHzisqX7yWE2Di7Q04dpqu6F9EpJo.gV.lQukwy8knY8VPwF_XFPxrspg2hemYJ8s6elGELnLkdHNYO6w9pApXztoo1JismoD5flcoB77QJF_ktzg39oIqguLXkmzvNzc1.E0_jNpMWaoYvfr57uZT.r6_nW1VukrwQ8RckTCiN2eeCYAJJ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9157f8073d5aa996';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/pop\/article\/24\/11\/112504\/915414\/Transport-modeling-of-convection-dominated-helicon?__cf_chl_rt_tk=dATZR3qsM95MtcbN0DRIZc9UdTHYvpq9AWa2uWRqX_A-1740153831-1.0.1.1-UDRiZz41KvhMOzReSMuTNAmCNJBcfiAiCSfQ0k41Wrw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>